Bolt fastening structure using hole guard

Abstract

To provide a bolt fastening structure using a hole guard, which can quickly and firmly secure equipment without changing a lower structure such as a grating plate or steel pad with holes of various sizes.SOLUTION: Disclosed is a bolt fastening structure using a hole guard 100 that can be mounted on holes of various sizes. Since the bolt is fastened to the hole guard 100 already mounted on a lower structure, the fastening using the bolt is applicable to, e.g., a steel pad having large or elongated holes or a grating where the holes have been damaged to have inconsistent sizes. Moreover, a locking groove, into which a lower horizontal part of the bolt is inserted, or a protruding groove and a protrusion for rotation and fixation of the lower horizontal part is formed on a lower surface of the hole guard, so that both fixed and pivoting forms of the lower horizontal part can be secured upright to the hole guard 100.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a bolt fastening structure, and more particularly to a bolt fastening structure using a hole guard that can be attached to holes of various sizes. [Background technology]

[0002] Typically, production facilities install equipment on substructures such as grating plates. Grating plates are typically installed at a predetermined height from the ground, with pipes and wiring installed underneath. To create a shelf-like structure, multiple grating plates are arranged at a predetermined height, reaching a height of approximately 4 to 10 meters. The production equipment is then fixed and installed on the installed grating plates. This is typically achieved by fastening the equipment to the grating plate using brackets. However, it is difficult to fasten the equipment to the grating plate using brackets without changing the position of the grating plate on which the equipment is mounted. As mentioned above, because the grating plate is installed at a predetermined height like a shelf, other workers must assist from underneath the grating plate to tighten fasteners such as bolts and nuts. This is time-consuming and poses a risk to workers underneath the grating plate.

[0003] Meanwhile, when lifting a part of the grating plate installed like a shelf at a production site, serious safety accidents such as workers falling have occurred.

[0004] In addition, holes in the grating plate where the bolts are fastened may be damaged, resulting in irregular hole sizes, or the damaged holes may make it impossible to use fasteners such as bolts and nuts, resulting in the need to replace the grating plate itself.

[0005] Meanwhile, various types of support plates, such as grating plates with lattice-shaped holes and flat steel pads, are used on production floors in addition to grating plates with holes. The holes formed in the grating plates or steel pads with lattice-shaped holes are not uniform in size, but may be larger than the holes formed in the grating plates or have a lattice-shaped or elongated hole shape. Therefore, since a general bolt size cannot be attached to each of the various holes, a bolt fastening structure that can be fastened according to the size of each hole is required. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0006] [Patent Document 1] Korean Patent Registration No. 10-0730721 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0007] The present invention has been made in consideration of the above-mentioned problems of the conventional art, and provides a bolt fastening structure using a hole guard that can quickly and firmly fasten equipment without changing the underlying structure such as a grating plate or steel pad having holes of various sizes. [Means for solving the problem]

[0008] To solve the above problems, the bolt fastening structure using the hole guard of the present invention includes a lower structure located under equipment in an industrial facility and having a fastening hole formed therein, a hole guard inserted into the hole of the lower structure and fixed thereto, an upper vertical portion having a threaded portion, a lower horizontal portion formed from the bottom of the upper vertical portion to have a predetermined length on both sides centered on the upper vertical portion, and a T-bolt inserted into the hole guard and fixed thereto, and a fall prevention washer fastened to the T-bolt in a ring shape and supported by the hole guard to prevent the T-bolt from falling to the bottom of the lower structure.

[0009] The hole guard may include a support portion disposed on an upper portion of the lower structure, a hole insertion portion disposed on a lower portion of the support portion and inserted into a hole of the lower structure, and a bolt hole formed through the support portion and the hole insertion portion so that the T-shaped bolt can be inserted therein.

[0010] The hole insertion portion may have an outer diameter equal to the inner diameter of the hole formed in the lower structure.

[0011] The hole insertion portion may have a lower surface provided with a groove-shaped locking groove for fixing the T-bolt inserted into the hole guard to the hole guard.

[0012] The locking grooves may be formed on both sides of the bolt hole from a lower surface of the hole insertion portion.

[0013] The width of the locking groove may be greater than the thickness of the lower lateral portion.

[0014] The bolt hole may have an elongated hole shape so that the lower horizontal portion of the T-bolt passes through the hole insertion portion when the lower horizontal portion is inserted into the hole guard.

[0015] The hole insertion portion may include a protrusion at one side of a lower surface thereof, the protrusion having a protruding shape so that the T-bolt inserted into the hole guard is fixed to the hole guard.

[0016] A lower side surface of the hole insertion portion may include a protruding groove formed so that the lower horizontal portion inserted into the hole insertion portion protrudes from the side surface of the hole insertion portion.

[0017] The lower horizontal portion may be integrally formed with the upper vertical portion and may be formed to have the same length on both sides of the upper vertical portion.

[0018] The lower horizontal portion may be integrally formed with the upper vertical portion and may have different lengths on both sides of the upper vertical portion.

[0019] The lower horizontal portion may have a protruding portion protruding from the hole insertion portion on one or both sides of the upper vertical portion so that the lower horizontal portion contacts a lower surface of the lower structure.

[0020] The lower horizontal portion is connected to a lower portion of the upper vertical portion by a pivot pin so that the lower horizontal portion can pivot on the lower portion of the upper vertical portion.

[0021] The upper vertical portion may include a rotation groove that allows the lower horizontal portion to be inserted into the upper vertical portion when the lower horizontal portion rotates.

[0022] The lower horizontal portion may be connected to the upper vertical portion by the pivot pin such that one side of the lower horizontal portion has a shorter length than the other side around the pivot pin.

[0023] One side end of the lower horizontal portion may include a rounded portion that is rounded in a manner inclined from the top to the bottom.

[0024] The depth of the rotation groove may be shorter than the length of one side and the other side of the lower horizontal portion.

[0025] The lower horizontal portion may have an insertion state in which the lower horizontal portion is inserted into the rotation groove to insert the T-bolt into the hole guard, and a fixing state in which, after the T-bolt is inserted into the hole guard, the lower horizontal portion is rotated to be perpendicular to the upper vertical portion to fix the T-bolt to the hole guard.

[0026] The bolt fastening structure using a hole guard of the present invention to solve the above problem includes a lower structure located under equipment in an industrial facility and having a fastening hole formed therein; a hole guard having an outer diameter the same as the inner diameter of the hole formed in the lower structure and inserted into the hole of the lower structure to be fixed; an L-shaped bolt consisting of an upper vertical portion having a threaded portion and a lower horizontal portion extending from the lower end of the upper vertical portion via a bent portion and inserted into the hole guard; and a fall prevention washer having a ring shape that is fastened to the L-shaped bolt and supported by the hole guard to prevent the L-shaped bolt from falling to the bottom of the lower structure. The hole guard includes a support portion located on the top of the lower structure, a hole insertion portion located below the support portion and inserted into the hole of the lower structure, and a bolt hole formed through the support portion and the hole insertion portion so that the L-shaped bolt can be inserted.

[0027] The hole insertion portion may include a protrusion at one side of a lower surface thereof, the protrusion having a protruding shape so that the L-shaped bolt inserted into the hole guard is fixed to the hole guard. [Effects of the Invention]

[0028] According to the present invention, since the bolts are fastened with the hole guard attached to the substructure, it is possible to fasten steel pads with large holes or large elongated holes or gratings with holes that are damaged and have irregular hole sizes using bolts.

[0029] In addition, by forming a locking groove into which the lower horizontal portion of the bolt is inserted or a protruding groove and protrusion that rotates and fixes the lower horizontal portion on the lower surface of the hole guard, either the fixed type or the rotating type of the lower horizontal portion can be fixed upright on the hole guard.

[0030] Furthermore, since the hole guard and T-bolts or L-bolts can be used to install bolts from one direction for holes of various sizes, it can be used in a wide range of applications, such as on floors at industrial sites, H-beam structures at construction sites, and hooks on ceilings or wall structures.

[0031] The technical effects of the present invention are not limited to those mentioned above, and other technical effects not mentioned will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the following description. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0032] [Figure 1] 1 is a diagram showing a bolt fastening structure utilizing a hole guard according to the present invention. [Figure 2] 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a bolt fastening structure utilizing a hole guard according to the present invention. [Figure 3] 1A and 1B are diagrams showing a hole guard according to a first embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 4] 10A and 10B are diagrams showing a hole guard according to a second embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 5] 1A and 1B are diagrams showing a T-bolt according to a first embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 6] FIG. 10 is a view showing the state in which the T-bolt of the present invention is fastened to the lower structure using the hole guard. [Figure 7] 10A and 10B are diagrams showing a T-bolt according to a second embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 8] 8A and 8B are diagrams showing other forms of the T-bolt shown in FIGS. 5 and 7. FIG. [Figure 9] FIG. 10 is a view showing a T-bolt according to a third embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 10] FIG. 10 is a view showing a T-bolt according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 11] 11A and 11B are views showing another form of the T-bolt shown in FIGS. 9 and 10. FIG. [Figure 12-15] 10A to 10C are diagrams showing a method of installing a bolt fastening structure using the hole guard of the present invention. [Figure 16] FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing another embodiment of a bolt fastening structure utilizing a hole guard of the present invention. [Figure 17] 10A and 10B are diagrams showing another embodiment of a bolt fastening structure utilizing a hole guard of the present invention. [Figure 18] 10A and 10B are diagrams showing a hole guard according to a third embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 19] FIG. 10 is a view showing a T-bolt according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 20] FIG. 10 is a view showing the fixed state of a T-bolt according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 21] FIG. 10 is a view showing the inserted state of a T-bolt according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 22] 10A to 10C are diagrams showing a method of connecting a hole guard according to a third embodiment of the present invention to a T-bolt according to a fifth embodiment. [Figure 23] 10 is a perspective view showing still another embodiment of a bolt fastening structure using a hole guard of the present invention. FIG. [Figure 24] 10A and 10B are diagrams showing still another embodiment of a bolt fastening structure using a hole guard of the present invention. [Figure 25] 10A and 10B are diagrams showing a hole guard according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 26] 10A to 10C are diagrams illustrating a method for fastening a T-bolt using a hole guard according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 27] 10 is a perspective view showing still another embodiment of a bolt fastening structure using a hole guard of the present invention. FIG. [Figure 28] 10A and 10B are diagrams showing still another embodiment of a bolt fastening structure using a hole guard of the present invention. [Figure 29] 1 is a diagram showing an L-shaped bolt of the present invention. [Figure 30-33]10A and 10B are diagrams illustrating a method of attaching a hole guard according to a third embodiment of the present invention and a bolt fastening structure using a T-bolt according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0033] Since the present invention can be modified in various ways and can have various embodiments, specific embodiments are illustrated in the drawings and described in detail in the detailed description. However, this does not limit the present invention to the specific embodiments, but should be understood to include all modifications, equivalents, or alternatives within the spirit and technical scope of the present invention. In describing the present invention, if a detailed description of related publicly known technology is considered to detract from the gist of the present invention, the detailed description will be omitted.

[0034] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the description with reference to the accompanying drawings, the same or corresponding components will be given the same drawing numbers, and duplicate descriptions thereof will be omitted.

[0035] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a bolt fastening structure using a hole guard according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a bolt fastening structure using the hole guard of the present invention. Referring to Figures 1 and 2, the bolt fastening structure using the hole guard of the present invention includes a hole guard 100, a T-bolt 200, a fall prevention washer 300, a buffer pad 400, a bracket 500, a flat washer 600, a connecting washer 700, a loosening prevention washer 800, and a fixing nut 900.

[0036] First, the hole guard 100 is attached to a substructure in which fastening holes are formed in the floor below the equipment of an industrial facility, and can be attached to steel pads (S) with large holes or large elongated holes or gratings with holes that are damaged and have irregular hole sizes, which cannot be attached using only the T-bolt 200. That is, for general steel pads (S) or gratings (G) with holes, the equipment can be fixed to the steel pads (S) or gratings (G) using only the T-bolt 200, but for steel pads (S) with large holes or large elongated holes or gratings with holes that are damaged and have irregular hole sizes, the T-bolt 200 can be attached to the substructure (G) using the hole guard 100.

[0037] FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a hole guard according to a first embodiment of the present invention. 3, the hole guard 100 according to the first embodiment of the present invention may include a plate-shaped support portion 110 and a hole insert portion 120 disposed below the support portion 110. As an example, the support portion 110 and the hole insert portion 120 may be integrally formed. A bolt hole 101 through which a T-bolt 200 is inserted and attached may be formed through the support portion 110 and the hole insert portion 120.

[0038] The support part 110 has a plate shape, but may have a square or circular shape, and may have a size larger than the size of the hole formed in the lower structure S. That is, the support part 110 may be a portion supported by the upper surface of the lower structure S.

[0039] The hole inserting part 120 is disposed below the support part 110 and can be inserted into a hole of the substructure (S). The hole inserting part 120 can have a cylindrical shape with a predetermined height. In this case, the hole inserting part 120 can have the same shape and size as the hole formed in the substructure (S). For example, if the hole of the substructure (S) has a large circular shape or is damaged and expanded, the hole inserting part 120 can be formed to match the size of the hole formed in the substructure (S) or the expanded size of the hole. One or more such hole inserting parts 120 can be disposed below the support part 110 depending on the equipment to be fixed on the substructure (S).

[0040] When the hole insertion part 120 is inserted into the hole of the substructure (S), the hole guard 100 can be supported on the upper surface of the substructure (S) by the support part 110, thereby preventing the hole guard 100 from falling under the substructure (S).

[0041] In addition, when the hole insertion portion 120 has a cylindrical shape with a predetermined height, the bolt hole 101 formed in the hole guard 100 preferably has an elongated hole shape. This is so that when the T-bolt 200 is inserted into the bolt hole 101 of the hole guard 100, the lower horizontal portion 220 of the T-bolt 200 passes through the hole insertion portion 120 with a predetermined height. As an example, in the bolt fastening structure according to the present invention, when the T-bolt 200 is inserted into the bolt hole 101 of the hole guard 100, the lower horizontal portion 220 of the T-bolt 200 is inserted and installed first. Therefore, if the bolt hole 101 does not have an elongated hole shape due to the lower horizontal portion 220 of the T-bolt 200, the T-bolt 200 cannot be inserted into the bolt hole 101 without interfering with each other.

[0042] The lower portion of the hole insertion portion 120 may include a groove-shaped locking groove 102 for fixing the T-bolt 200. As an example, the locking grooves 102 may be formed on both sides of the bolt hole 101 from the lower surface of the hole insertion portion 120. In this case, the width of the locking groove 102 may be greater than the thickness of the lower horizontal portion 220 of the T-bolt 200. In addition, the depth of the locking groove 102 may be a predetermined depth that fixes the T-bolt 200 and prevents it from rotating when the lower horizontal portion 220 of the T-bolt 200 is inserted into the locking groove 102. That is, the locking groove 102 allows the T-bolt 200 attached to the hole guard 100 to be fixed to the hole guard 100. In addition, the locking groove 102 allows the T-bolt 200 to be fixed in an upright position within the hole guard 100. Therefore, the worker can quickly and stably fasten the fixing nut 900 to the T-bolt 200 even at the top of the substructure (S).

[0043] In addition, the locking groove 102 can prevent the fixed T-bolt 200 from loosening due to vibration or impact. For example, the T-bolt 200 fixed to the hole guard 100 may become loose when vibration or impact generated by equipment is transmitted to the lower structure (S). However, the T-bolt 200 according to the present invention can prevent the T-bolt 200 from loosening due to vibration or impact by blocking the rotation of the T-bolt 200 using the locking groove 102. For example, when dismantling the fixing nut 900, the lower horizontal portion 220 can be fixed by the locking groove 102, allowing the worker to quickly and stably dismantle the fixing nut 900 on the upper part of the lower structure (S) without having to separately fix the T-bolt 200.

[0044] FIG. 4 shows a hole guard according to a second embodiment of the present invention. 4, similar to the first embodiment, the hole guard 100 according to the second embodiment may include a plate-shaped support portion 110 and a hole insertion portion 120 disposed below the support portion 110. In addition, the support portion 110 and the hole insertion portion 120 may be formed with a bolt hole 101 having an elongated shape through which a T-bolt 200 is inserted and attached. However, the hole insertion portion 120 of the hole guard 100 according to the second embodiment may have an oval shape.

[0045] For example, if the hole in the substructure (S) has a large elongated hole shape, or if the hole is elongated and damaged, the circular hole inserting portion 120 can rotate and move along the elongated hole inside the elongated hole of the substructure (S), making it difficult to secure the hole guard 100 in the desired position. However, the hole guard 100 according to the second embodiment has an oval hole inserting portion 120, which prevents rotation inside the elongated hole of the substructure (S). Therefore, even if the hole in the substructure (S) has an elongated hole shape, the worker can quickly and stably fasten the fixing nut 900 to the T-bolt 200.

[0046] As described above, the bolt fastening structure according to the present invention allows the T-bolt 200 to be safely and easily attached to the substructure (S) by using the hole guard 100 on steel pads having large holes or large elongated holes in the substructure (S) and on gratings where the holes are prone to breakage or the holes are not uniform in size.

[0047] FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a T-bolt according to a first embodiment of the present invention. 5, a T-bolt 200 according to a first embodiment of the present invention is shaped like a "┴" and includes an upper vertical portion 210 and a lower horizontal portion 220. The lower horizontal portion 220 is disposed below the upper vertical portion 210 and may be formed integrally with the upper vertical portion 210.

[0048] The upper vertical portion 210 has a thread formed therein as a portion that passes through a fastening hole provided by the lower structure (S), the bracket 500 placed thereon, and a fastening element, and a fixing nut 900 is coupled to the portion. That is, the upper vertical portion 210 may be a portion that is exposed at the top of the hole guard 100 when the T-bolt 200 is attached to the hole guard 100. Therefore, by fastening the fixing nut 900 to the exposed upper vertical portion 210, the bracket 500 can be fixed to the lower structure (S).

[0049] When the T-bolt 200 is attached to the hole guard 100, the lower horizontal portion 220 may be a portion that is sandwiched in the bolt hole 101 of the hole guard 100, positioned below the lower structure (S), and crimped to the lower surface of the hole guard 100. That is, the lower horizontal portion 220 may be inserted into the locking groove 102 of the hole guard 100 to fix the T-bolt 200 upright within the hole guard 100.

[0050] In addition, the length of the lower horizontal portion 220 may be formed by protruding on both sides from the upper vertical portion 210 so that the lower horizontal portion 220 can be inserted into the locking groove 102 of the hole guard 100. In this case, the protruding both sides of the lower horizontal portion 220 may be formed to have different lengths from the upper vertical portion 210. For example, one side of the lower horizontal portion 220 may have a length sufficient to be inserted into the locking groove 102 of the hole guard 100, and the other side of the lower horizontal portion 220 may have a length sufficient to protrude from the hole insertion portion 120 of the hole guard 100.

[0051] FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the state in which the T-bolt of the present invention is fastened to a substructure using a hole guard. 6, one side of the lower horizontal portion 220 is disposed within the hole insert portion 120 of the hole guard 100, and the other side, which is longer than the one side, has a protruding portion 221 protruding from the hole insert portion 120 that can contact the lower surface of the substructure (S). This is to enable the hole guard 100 to be firmly fixed to the substructure (S) by the T-bolt 200. For example, when the fixing nut 900 is fastened with the hole guard 100 and the T-bolt 200 inserted into the substructure (S), the protruding portion 221 of the lower horizontal portion 220 supports the lower surface of the substructure (S), so that the hole guard 100 can be firmly fixed by compression between the lower horizontal portion 220 and the fixing nut 900.

[0052] FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a T-bolt according to a second embodiment of the present invention. 7, a T-bolt 200 according to a second embodiment of the present invention includes an upper vertical portion 210 and a lower horizontal portion 220. Furthermore, the lower horizontal portion 220 is disposed below the upper vertical portion 210 and may be formed integrally with the upper vertical portion 210.

[0053] However, the length of the lower horizontal portion 220 of the T-shaped bolt 200 according to the second embodiment is formed by protruding on both sides from the upper vertical portion 210 so that the lower horizontal portion 220 can be inserted into the locking groove 102 of the hole guard 100, and can be formed so that both sides have the same length.

[0054] For example, both sides of the lower horizontal portion 220 may have a length that protrudes from the hole insertion portion 120 of the hole guard 100, with the upper vertical portion 210 as the center. That is, both sides of the lower horizontal portion 220 may have protruding portions 221 that protrude from the hole insertion portion 120. Therefore, since the protruding portions 221 on both sides of the lower horizontal portion 220 can support the lower structure S from both sides, when fastening using the fixing nut 900, the hole guard 100 can be more firmly fixed to the lower structure S while maintaining the uprightness of the T-bolt 200. However, since the length of the lower horizontal portion 220 of the second embodiment is longer than the length of the lower horizontal portion 220 of the first embodiment, when attaching the T-bolt 200 to the hole guard 100, it must be inserted from bottom to top and fastened.

[0055] FIG. 8 shows another embodiment of the T-bolt shown in FIGS. Here, Figures 8(a) and 8(b) show the T-bolt 200 according to the first embodiment and the T-bolt 200 according to the second embodiment in which one end and the other end of the lower horizontal portion 220 are inclined, respectively, and Figures 8(c) and 8(d) show the T-bolt 200 according to the first embodiment and the T-bolt 200 according to the second embodiment in which the lower portion of the lower horizontal portion 220 is rounded, respectively.

[0056] 8(a) and 8(b), the lower horizontal portion 220 of the T-bolt 200 has one end and the other end sloped, and may be sloped so that the length of the lower portion is shorter than the length of the upper portion of the lower horizontal portion 220. That is, by removing the lower corners of one end and the other end of the lower horizontal portion 220, the lower horizontal portion 220 can flexibly pass through the bolt hole 101 when the T-bolt 200 is inserted into the hole guard 100. Also, as shown in FIGS. 8(c) and 8(d), by forming the lower surface of the lower horizontal portion 220 in a rounded shape, the lower horizontal portion 220 can flexibly pass through the bolt hole 101.

[0057] FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a T-bolt according to a third embodiment of the present invention. 9, a T-bolt 200 according to a third embodiment of the present invention is shaped like a "┴" and includes an upper vertical portion 210 and a lower horizontal portion 220. The lower horizontal portion 220 is disposed below the upper vertical portion 210 and can be pivotally connected to the upper vertical portion 210.

[0058] The upper vertical portion 210 has a threaded groove formed therein as a portion that passes through a fastening hole provided by the lower structure (S), the bracket 500 placed thereon, and a fastening element, and a fixing nut 900 is coupled to the threaded groove. That is, the upper vertical portion 210 may be a portion that is exposed at the top of the hole guard 100 when the T-bolt 200 is attached to the hole guard 100. Therefore, the bracket 500 can be fixed to the lower structure (S) by fastening the fixing nut 900 to the exposed upper vertical portion 210. In addition, the upper vertical portion 210 may include a rotation groove 211 that allows the lower horizontal portion 220 to be inserted into the upper vertical portion 210 as the lower horizontal portion 220 rotates.

[0059] When the T-bolt 200 is attached to the hole guard 100, the lower horizontal portion 220 may be a portion that is sandwiched in the bolt hole 101 of the hole guard 100, positioned below the lower structure (S), and crimped to the lower surface of the hole guard 100. That is, the lower horizontal portion 220 may be inserted into the locking groove 102 of the hole guard 100 to fix the T-bolt 200 upright within the hole guard 100.

[0060] In addition, the lower horizontal portion 220 is connected to the lower portion of the upper vertical portion 210 and may be connected to the upper vertical portion 210 by a pivot pin 212 so that the lower horizontal portion 220 can rotate at the lower portion of the upper vertical portion 210. That is, the lower horizontal portion 220 can rotate in a circular motion around the pivot pin 212 at the lower portion of the upper vertical portion 210. For example, the lower horizontal portion 220 may have an inserted state in which the lower horizontal portion 220 rotates around the pivot pin 212 to be inserted into the pivot groove 211 of the upper vertical portion 210, and a fixed state in which the lower horizontal portion 220 rotates to be perpendicular to the upper vertical portion 210.

[0061] That is, the T-bolt 200 according to the third embodiment is inserted into the bolt hole 101 of the hole guard 100 when the lower horizontal portion 220 is in an inserted state, and after the T-bolt 200 is inserted into the hole guard 100, when the lower horizontal portion 220 rotates to assume a fixed state in which it is perpendicular to the upper vertical portion 210, it can be fastened to the locking groove 102 of the hole guard 100 and fixed to the hole guard 100.

[0062] As an example, an operator inserts the lower horizontal portion 220 into the rotation groove 211 to be in an inserted state, and then inserts the T-bolt 200 into the hole guard 100. With the T-bolt 200 inserted into the hole guard 100, the operator gently shakes the T-bolt 200 to rotate the lower horizontal portion 220. Once the lower horizontal portion 220 is in a fixed state due to the rotation of the lower horizontal portion 220, the T-bolt 200 can be moved upward to engage the lower horizontal portion 220 with the locking groove 102 of the hole guard 100, thereby fixing the T-bolt 200 to the hole guard 100.

[0063] At this time, the protruding sides of the lower lateral portion 220 may be formed to have different lengths. For example, one side of the lower lateral portion 220 may have a length sufficient to be inserted into the locking groove 102 of the hole guard 100, while the other side of the lower lateral portion 220 may have a length sufficient to protrude from the hole insertion portion 120 of the hole guard 100.

[0064] That is, when the lower horizontal portion 220 is in a fixed state, one side of the lower horizontal portion 220 is disposed within the hole insert portion 120 of the hole guard 100, and the other side, which is longer than the one side, protrudes from the hole insert portion 120 so that the protruding portion 221 can contact the lower surface of the lower structure (S). This is to enable the hole guard 100 to be firmly fixed to the lower structure (S) by the T-bolt 200, as in the first embodiment shown in FIG.

[0065] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a T-bolt according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention. 10, a T-bolt 200 according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention includes an upper vertical portion 210 and a lower horizontal portion 220. The lower horizontal portion 220 is disposed below the upper vertical portion 210 and can be rotatably connected to the upper vertical portion 210.

[0066] However, the length of the lower horizontal portion 220 of the T-bolt 200 according to the fourth embodiment may be formed so that it protrudes from both sides of the upper vertical portion 210 so that the lower horizontal portion 220 can be inserted into the locking groove 102 of the hole guard 100, and both sides may be formed to have the same length. For example, both sides of the lower horizontal portion 220 may have a length that protrudes from the hole insertion portion 120 of the hole guard 100, with the upper vertical portion 210 as the center. That is, both sides of the lower horizontal portion 220 may have protruding portions 221 that protrude from the hole insertion portion 120. Therefore, as in the second embodiment shown in FIG. 7, the protruding portions 221 on both sides of the lower horizontal portion 220 can support the lower structure S from both sides, so that when the T-bolt 200 is fastened using the fixing nut 900, the hole guard 100 can be more firmly fixed to the lower structure S while maintaining the upright position of the T-bolt 200.

[0067] Furthermore, the T-bolt 200 according to the fourth embodiment has an insertion state in which the lower horizontal portion 220 rotates and is inserted into the rotation groove 211. Therefore, even if the length of the lower horizontal portion 220 of the fourth embodiment is longer than the length of the lower horizontal portion 220 of the third embodiment, when attaching the T-bolt 200 to the hole guard 100, it can be inserted from the top to the bottom and fastened.

[0068] FIG. 11 shows another embodiment of the T-bolt shown in FIGS. 11(a) and 11(b) show the T-bolt 200 according to the third embodiment and the T-bolt 200 according to the fourth embodiment, respectively, in which one end and the other end of the lower horizontal portion 220 are inclined.

[0069] 8(a) and 8(b), the lower horizontal portion 220 of the T-bolt 200 may have one end and the other end inclined. That is, by removing the lower corners of one end and the other end of the lower horizontal portion 220 and forming the one end and the other end of the lower horizontal portion 220 to be inclined, the T-bolt 200 can flexibly pass through the bolt hole 101 of the hole guard 100 when the lower horizontal portion 220 is inserted.

[0070] 1 and 2, the fall prevention washer 300 can be inserted into the T-bolt 200 and attached to the upper vertical portion 210. That is, the T-bolt 200 can be fitted into the bolt hole 101 of the hole guard 100 with the fall prevention washer 300 attached, and the fall prevention washer 300 is positioned to be supported by the upper surface of the hole guard 100, thereby preventing the T-bolt 200 from falling to the bottom of the substructure (S).

[0071] The bracket 500 may be "L" shaped as can be seen in the drawing, but is not limited thereto, and various other shapes may be applied in which one side portion can be connected to the equipment and the other side portion can be connected to a supporting portion.

[0072] One side of the bracket 500 is provided with one or more first coupling holes 501 for coupling to equipment, and the other side is provided with second coupling holes 502. A coupling bolt 10 is fastened to a threaded hole (not shown) of the equipment through the first coupling hole 501 of the bracket 500, and a T-bolt 200 is inserted into the second coupling hole 502. Therefore, the bracket 500 can be placed on top of the fall prevention washer 300.

[0073] At this time, a buffer pad 400 having a washer hole 401 may be included between the bracket 500 and the lower structure (S). The buffer pad 400 may be disposed on the upper part of the hole guard 100 so that the fall prevention washer 300 is inserted into the washer hole 401. Therefore, the buffer pad 400 can prevent vibrations coming in from the lower structure (S) from being transmitted to the upper part, and the fall prevention washer 300 can prevent the bracket 500 from being structurally lifted.

[0074] A flat washer 600, a connecting washer 700, and a locking washer 800 are sequentially arranged on the top of the bracket 500, and a fixing nut 900 is fastened to the top of the locking washer 800. A protruding portion may be formed on the surface of the locking washer 800 to prevent the fixing nut 900 from loosening due to vibration or external impact after the fixing nut 900 is fixed.

[0075] 12 to 15 are diagrams showing a method of installing a bolt fastening structure using the hole guard of the present invention. Here, the hole guard 100 is exemplified as a hole guard 100 having two hole inserting parts 120 on one support part 110 in order to be mounted on a bracket 500 having two second coupling holes 502 .

[0076] First, referring to Figure 12, the hole guard 100 is mounted on a substructure (S), such as a steel pad, having a large hole or a large elongated hole. At this time, the hole insert 120 of the hole guard 100 can be selected to have the same size and shape as the hole of the substructure (S). The selected hole insert 120 is inserted into the hole of the substructure (S) and mounted. At this time, one or more hole inserts 120 can be placed under the support 110 depending on the equipment to be fixed on the substructure (S).

[0077] 13, a T-bolt 200 with a fall prevention washer 300 attached thereto is fastened onto a hole guard 100. The T-bolt 200 can be fastened by inserting the lower horizontal portion 220 into the hole guard 100 from the top of the substructure (S) and inserting the inserted lower horizontal portion 220 into the locking groove 102 at the bottom of the hole guard 100. At this time, the T-bolt 200 is fixed by the fall prevention washer 300, which prevents the T-bolt 200 from falling to the bottom of the substructure (S).

[0078] 14, a buffer pad 400 is attached to the hole guard 100. The buffer pad 400 may be disposed to cover the entire upper surface of the hole guard 100, and the T-bolt 200 and the fall prevention washer 300 may be exposed to the outside through a washer hole 401 formed in the buffer pad 400. The buffer pad 400 may be preferably made of an elastic rubber material, for example.

[0079] 15, a bracket 500 may be placed on the buffer pad 400. In addition, a flat washer 600, a coupling washer 700, a locking washer 800, and a fixing nut 900 may be sequentially fastened to the T-bolt 200 exposed from the bracket 500. At this time, by fastening the fixing nut 900, the protruding portion 221 of the lower lateral portion 220 supports the lower surface of the lower structure (S) and presses the hole guard 100, thereby firmly fixing the hole guard 100 fastened to the lower structure (S).

[0080] FIG. 16 is a perspective view showing another embodiment of a bolt fastening structure utilizing the hole guard of the present invention. FIG. 17 is a diagram showing another embodiment of a bolt fastening structure using the hole guard of the present invention. Referring to Figures 16 and 17, another embodiment of a bolt fastening structure using a hole guard of the present invention includes a hole guard 100, a T-bolt 200, a fall prevention washer 300, a bracket 500, a flat washer 600, a loosening prevention washer 800, and a fixing nut 900.

[0081] First, another embodiment of the bolt fastening structure using the hole guard 100 can be mounted on a steel pad or grating that cannot be mounted using a short hole guard 100 and T-bolt 200, for example, where the holes are deep or the holes are spaced apart and double-formed.

[0082] FIG. 18 shows a hole guard according to a third embodiment of the present invention. 18, a hole guard 100 according to a third embodiment of the present invention may include a plate-shaped support portion 110 and a hole insert portion 120 disposed below the support portion 110. As an example, the support portion 110 and the hole insert portion 120 may be integrally formed. A bolt hole 101 into which a T-shaped bolt 200 is inserted and attached may be formed through the support portion 110 and the hole insert portion 120. The bolt hole 101 may be formed to extend from the support portion 110 to the hole insert portion 120. In this case, the bolt hole 101 formed in the hole insert portion 120 may be formed so that the hole insert portion 120 has a hollow cylindrical shape, and the bolt hole 101 formed in the support portion 110 may have an elongated hole shape so that the T-shaped bolt 200 can be easily inserted into the hole guard 100.

[0083] The support part 110 has a plate shape, but may have a square or circular shape, and may have a size larger than the size of the hole formed in the lower structure S. That is, the support part 110 may be a portion supported by the upper surface of the lower structure S.

[0084] The hole insert 120 is disposed below the support 110 and can be inserted into a hole of the substructure (S). The hole insert 120 may have a cylindrical shape with a predetermined height. For example, the height of the hole insert 120 according to the third embodiment may be longer than the lengths of the hole inserts 120 according to the first and second embodiments. This is because the hole insert 120 is attached to a substructure (S) that cannot be attached using a short hole guard and T-bolt 200, for example, a steel pad or grating with deep holes or double holes spaced apart from each other.

[0085] The hole inserting part 120 may have the same shape and size as the hole formed in the lower structure S. For example, if the hole in the lower structure S has a large circular shape or is damaged and expanded, the hole inserting part 120 may be formed to match the size of the hole formed in the lower structure S or the expanded hole. One or more such hole inserting parts 120 may be disposed below the support part 110 depending on the equipment to be fixed on the lower structure S.

[0086] When the hole insertion part 120 is inserted into the hole of the substructure (S), the hole guard 100 can be supported on the upper surface of the substructure (S) by the support part 110, thereby preventing the hole guard 100 from falling under the substructure (S).

[0087] One side of the lower surface of the hole insertion portion 120 may include a protrusion 103 protruding from the lower surface. The protrusion 103 may function to prevent the lower horizontal portion 220 of the T-bolt 200 from rotating after the T-bolt 200 is inserted into the hole guard 100. For example, when the lower horizontal portion 220 of the T-bolt 200 inserted into the hole guard 100 rotates around the pivot pin 212 so that it is perpendicular to the upper vertical portion 210, the lower horizontal portion 220 may be hooked onto the protrusion 103 and fixed. In other words, the protrusion 103 may allow the T-bolt 200 attached to the hole guard 100 to be fixed to the hole guard 100. Therefore, a worker can quickly and stably fasten the fixing nut 900 to the T-bolt 200 even at the top of the substructure (S).

[0088] In addition, the protrusion 103 can function to prevent the fixed T-bolt 200 from loosening due to vibration or impact. For example, the T-bolt 200 fixed to the hole guard 100 may become loose when vibration or impact generated by equipment is transmitted to the lower structure (S). However, the T-bolt 200 according to the present invention can prevent the T-bolt 200 from loosening due to vibration or impact because the protrusion 103 can block the T-bolt 200 from rotating. For example, when dismantling the fixing nut 900, the lower horizontal portion 220 can be fixed by the protrusion 103, so the worker can quickly and stably dismantle the fixing nut 900 at the top of the lower structure (S) without having to separately fix the T-bolt 200.

[0089] FIG. 19 is a diagram showing a T-bolt according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention. 19, a T-bolt 200 according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention is shaped like a "┴" and includes an upper vertical portion 210 and a lower horizontal portion 220. The lower horizontal portion 220 is disposed below the upper vertical portion 210 and can be rotatably connected to the upper vertical portion 210 by a pivot pin 212.

[0090] The upper vertical portion 210 has a threaded groove formed therein to pass through a fastening hole provided by the lower structure (S), the bracket 500 placed thereon, and a fastening element, and a fixing nut 900 is coupled to the threaded groove. That is, the upper vertical portion 210 may be the portion exposed at the top of the hole guard 100 when the T-bolt 200 is attached to the hole guard 100. Therefore, the bracket 500 can be fixed to the lower structure (S) by fastening the fixing nut 900 to the exposed upper vertical portion 210. The upper vertical portion 210 may also include a rotation groove 211 that allows the lower horizontal portion 220 to be inserted into the upper vertical portion 210 as the lower horizontal portion 220 rotates. Here, the length of the rotation groove 211 is preferably shorter than the length of the lower horizontal portions 220 disposed on both sides of the rotation pin 212.

[0091] The lower horizontal portion 220 may be a portion that is sandwiched between the bolt holes 101 of the hole guard 100 and positioned below the lower structure S when the T-bolt 200 is attached to the hole guard 100, and is crimped onto the lower surface of the lower structure S. That is, the lower horizontal portion 220 may be hooked onto the protrusion 103 of the hole guard 100, thereby fixing the T-bolt 200 upright within the hole guard 100.

[0092] In addition, the lower horizontal portion 220 is connected to a lower portion of the upper vertical portion 210 and may be connected to the upper vertical portion 210 by a pivot pin 212 so that the lower horizontal portion 220 can rotate at the lower portion of the upper vertical portion 210. That is, the lower horizontal portion 220 can rotate in a circular motion around the pivot pin 212 at the lower portion of the upper vertical portion 210. For example, the lower horizontal portion 220 may have an inserted state in which the lower horizontal portion 220 rotates around the pivot pin 212 to be inserted into the pivot groove 211 of the upper vertical portion 210, and a fixed state in which the lower horizontal portion 220 rotates to be perpendicular to the upper vertical portion 210.

[0093] That is, when the lower horizontal portion 220 is in an inserted state, it can be inserted into the bolt hole 101 of the hole guard 100, and after the T-shaped bolt 200 is inserted into the hole guard 100, when the lower horizontal portion 220 rotates to assume a fixed state in which it is perpendicular to the upper vertical portion 210, the lower horizontal portion 220 hooks onto the protrusion 103 of the hole guard 100, thereby fixing the T-shaped bolt 200 to the hole guard 100.

[0094] FIG. 20 is a diagram showing the fixed state of a T-bolt according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 21 is a diagram showing the inserted state of a T-bolt according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention. 20 and 21, the lower horizontal portion 220 may be connected to the upper vertical portion 210 around the pivot pin 212 such that one side of the lower horizontal portion 220 has a shorter length than the other side. Therefore, when the lower horizontal portion 220 rotates from the fixed state of FIG. 20 to the inserted state of FIG. 21, one side of the lower horizontal portion 220 may rotate upward and the other side may rotate downward. That is, when the lower horizontal portion 220 is in the inserted state, one side of the lower horizontal portion 220 may always be inserted into the pivot groove 211.

[0095] In addition, one end of the lower horizontal portion 220, which has a shorter length than the other end, may have a rounded portion 222 that is rounded and inclined downward from the top. Therefore, when the lower horizontal portion 220 is rotated to an insertion state and inserted into the pivot groove 211, the rounded portion 222 of the lower horizontal portion 220 can be inserted into the pivot groove 211. At this time, since the length of the pivot groove 211 is formed to be shorter than the length of one side of the lower horizontal portion 220, as shown in FIG. 21 , only one side of the rounded portion 222 is inserted into the pivot groove 211, and the remaining portion is caught in the pivot groove 211, so that a predetermined portion of the lower horizontal portion 220 protrudes from the pivot groove 211. In other words, the predetermined portion of one side of the lower horizontal portion 220 can be fixed in a protruding state.

[0096] As an operational example, when the lower horizontal portion 220 rotates from the fixed state shown in FIG. 20 to the inserted state shown in FIG. 21 , it can rotate so that one side having a shorter length always faces the pivot groove 211, and the rounded portion 222 on one side can fix the lower horizontal portion 220 to the upper vertical portion 210 when the lower horizontal portion 220 is inserted into the pivot groove 211. Furthermore, when the lower horizontal portion 220 rotates from the inserted state shown in FIG. 21 to the fixed state shown in FIG. 20 , it can always rotate in the opposite direction to the direction in which the lower horizontal portion 220 rotates for the inserted state. That is, the lower horizontal portion 220 can always rotate in the same direction when rotating to either the fixed state or the inserted state. Therefore, a user can predict the rotation direction of the lower horizontal portion 220 when attaching the T-bolt 200 to the hole guard 100, and can easily rotate the lower horizontal portion 220 in the desired direction, thereby reducing the work speed.

[0097] FIG. 22 is a diagram showing a method of connecting the hole guard according to the third embodiment of the present invention to the T-bolt according to the fifth embodiment. Referring to FIG. 22 , the T-bolt 200 can be inserted into the hole insertion portion 120 of the hole guard 100 with the lower horizontal portion 220 sandwiched in the rotation groove 211. The T-bolt 200 can then be lowered until the entire lower horizontal portion 220 is exposed from the hole insertion portion 120. Once the lower horizontal portion 220 is lowered, the user can move the T-bolt 200 upward with the portion of the lower horizontal portion 220 protruding from the rotation groove 211 in contact with the lower surface of the hole insertion portion 120. That is, as shown in FIG. 22 , by moving the T-bolt 200 upward, one side of the lower horizontal portion 220 moves along the round portion 222 while in contact with the lower surface of the hole insertion portion 120, allowing the lower horizontal portion 220 to rotate naturally. Therefore, the T-bolt 200 does not need to be shaken to change the lower horizontal portion 220 from the inserted state to the locked state, and the locked state can be easily achieved.

[0098] 16 and 17, the fall prevention washer 300 can be inserted into the T-bolt 200 and attached to the upper vertical portion 210. That is, the T-bolt 200 can be fitted into the bolt hole 101 of the hole guard 100 with the fall prevention washer 300 attached, and the fall prevention washer 300 is positioned to be supported by the upper surface of the hole guard 100, thereby preventing the T-bolt 200 from falling to the bottom of the substructure (S).

[0099] A bracket 500 may be disposed on the upper portion of the fall prevention washer 300. The bracket 500 may be "L" shaped as can be seen in the drawing, but is not limited thereto, and various other shapes may be applied, in which one side portion may be coupled to the equipment and the other side portion may be coupled to a supporting portion.

[0100] A flat washer 600 and a locking washer 800 may be sequentially disposed on the upper part of the bracket 500, and a fixing nut 900 may be fastened to the upper part of the locking washer 800. A protruding portion may be formed on the surface of the locking washer 800 to prevent the fixing nut 900 from loosening due to vibration or external impact after the fixing nut 900 is fixed.

[0101] FIG. 23 is a perspective view showing still another embodiment of a bolt fastening structure utilizing a hole guard of the present invention. FIG. 24 is a diagram showing still another embodiment of a bolt fastening structure utilizing a hole guard according to the present invention. Referring to Figures 23 and 24, another embodiment of a bolt fastening structure using a hole guard of the present invention includes a hole guard 100, a T-bolt 200, a fall prevention washer 300, a buffer pad 400, a bracket 500, a flat washer 600, a connecting washer 700, a locking washer 800, and a fixing nut 900.

[0102] First, the hole guard 100 is attached to a substructure (S) that has fastening holes formed on the floor under the equipment of an industrial facility, and cannot be attached using only the T-bolt 200. For example, it can be attached to a steel pad (S) with large holes or large elongated holes, or a grating with holes that are damaged and have irregular hole sizes.

[0103] FIG. 25 is a diagram showing a hole guard according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention. 25, the hole guard according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention may include a plate-shaped support portion 110 and a hole insert portion 120 disposed below the support portion 110. As an example, the support portion 110 and the hole insert portion 120 may be integrally formed. A bolt hole 101 into which a T-shaped bolt 200 is inserted and attached may be formed through the support portion 110 and the hole insert portion 120. The bolt hole 101 may be formed to extend from the support portion 110 to the hole insert portion 120. In this case, the bolt hole 101 formed in the hole insert portion 120 may be formed so that the hole insert portion 120 has a hollow cylindrical shape, and the bolt hole 101 formed in the support portion 110 may have a circular hole shape into which the T-shaped bolt 200 is inserted and fixed.

[0104] The support part 110 has a plate shape, but may have a square or circular shape, and may have a size larger than the size of the hole formed in the lower structure S. That is, the support part 110 may be a portion supported by the upper surface of the lower structure S.

[0105] The hole inserting part 120 is disposed below the support part 110 and can be inserted into a hole of the substructure (S). The hole inserting part 120 can have a cylindrical shape with a predetermined height. In this case, the hole inserting part 120 can have the same shape and size as the hole formed in the substructure (S). For example, if the hole of the substructure (S) has a large circular shape or is damaged and expanded, the hole inserting part 120 can be formed to match the size of the hole formed in the substructure (S) or the expanded hole. One or more such hole inserting parts 120 can be disposed below the support part 110 depending on the equipment to be fixed on the substructure (S).

[0106] When the hole insertion part 120 is inserted into the hole of the substructure (S), the hole guard 100 can be supported on the upper surface of the substructure (S) by the support part 110, thereby preventing the hole guard 100 from falling under the substructure (S).

[0107] One side of the lower surface of the hole insertion portion 120 may include a protrusion 103 protruding from the lower surface. The protrusion 103 may function to prevent the lower horizontal portion 220 of the T-bolt 200 from rotating after the T-bolt 200 is inserted into the hole guard 100. For example, when the lower horizontal portion 220 of the T-bolt 200 inserted into the hole guard 100 rotates around the pivot pin 212 so that it is perpendicular to the upper vertical portion 210, the lower horizontal portion 220 may be hooked onto and fixed to the protrusion 103. In other words, the protrusion 103 may allow the T-bolt 200 attached to the hole guard 100 to be fixed to the hole guard 100. Therefore, a worker can quickly and stably fasten the fixing nut 900 to the T-bolt 200 even at the top of the substructure (S).

[0108] The protrusion 103 can function to prevent the fixed T-bolt 200 from loosening due to vibration or impact. For example, the T-bolt 200 fixed to the hole guard 100 may become loose when vibration or impact generated by equipment is transmitted to the lower structure (S). However, the T-bolt 200 according to the present invention can prevent the T-bolt 200 from loosening due to vibration or impact because the protrusion 103 can block the T-bolt 200 from rotating. For example, when dismantling the fixing nut 900, because the lower horizontal portion 220 is fixed by the protrusion 103, a worker can quickly and stably dismantle the fixing nut 900 from the top of the lower structure (S) without having to separately fix the T-bolt 200.

[0109] In addition, the hole guard 100 according to the fourth embodiment may include a protruding groove 104 formed on a lower side surface of the hole insert portion 120. The lower lateral portion 220 of the T-bolt 200 inserted into the hole insert portion 120 may protrude from the side surface of the hole insert portion 120 through the protruding groove 104.

[0110] FIG. 26 is a diagram showing a method of fastening a T-bolt using a hole guard according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention. 26, as an example, the T-bolt 200 fastened to the hole guard according to the fourth embodiment may be the rotatable T-bolt 200 according to the fourth embodiment shown in FIGS. 9 to 11. That is, the T-bolt 200 may be inserted into the hole guard 100 with the lower horizontal portion 220 inserted into the rotation groove 211. At this time, the lower horizontal portion 220 may be inserted up to the protruding groove 104 formed on the lower side of the hole inserting portion 120, and the lower horizontal portion 220 may rotate to protrude to the side of the hole inserting portion 120 through the protruding groove 104, as shown in FIG. 26. Therefore, the lower horizontal portion 220 may rotate via the protruding groove 104 to change to a fixed state in which it is perpendicular to the upper vertical portion 210.

[0111] That is, in order to rotate the lower horizontal portion 220, it is not necessary to insert the lower horizontal portion 220 deeply into the lower surface of the hole insertion portion 120, and the lower horizontal portion 220, exposed through the protruding groove 104, can be rotated during insertion, allowing the lower horizontal portion 220 to be quickly changed to a fixed state. Also, when changing the lower horizontal portion 220 from a fixed state to an inserted state, the T-bolt 200 can be quickly removed from the hole guard 100 by rotating the lower horizontal portion 220 at the position of the protruding groove 104 to change to the inserted state. The protruding groove 104 allows the lower horizontal portion 220 to rotate even when the lower horizontal portion 220 is only slightly inserted into the hole guard 100, allowing the length of the T-bolt 200 to be reduced.

[0112] The lower horizontal portion 220, which is perpendicular to the upper vertical portion 210 due to the protruding groove 104, can be rotated based on the upper vertical portion 210 to be hooked onto the protruding portion 103 and fixed. In addition, to change the lower horizontal portion 220 to an insertion state, the lower horizontal portion 220 can be rotated in the opposite direction to be positioned at the position of the protruding groove 104.

[0113] 23 and 24, the fall prevention washer 300 can be inserted into the T-bolt 200 and attached to the upper vertical portion 210. That is, the T-bolt 200 can be fitted into the bolt hole 101 of the hole guard 100 with the fall prevention washer 300 attached, and the fall prevention washer 300 is positioned to be supported by the upper surface of the hole guard 100, thereby preventing the T-bolt 200 from falling to the bottom of the substructure (S).

[0114] A bracket 500 may be disposed on the fall prevention washer 300. The bracket 500 may be L-shaped as can be seen in the drawing, but is not limited thereto, and various other shapes may be applied, in which one side portion may be coupled to the equipment and the other side portion may be coupled to a supporting portion.

[0115] At this time, a buffer pad 400 having a washer hole may be provided between the bracket 500 and the lower structure S. The buffer pad 400 may be disposed on the upper part of the hole guard 100 so that the fall prevention washer 300 is inserted into the washer hole. Therefore, the buffer pad 400 can prevent vibrations from the lower structure S from being transmitted to the upper part, and the fall prevention washer 300 can prevent the bracket 500 from being structurally lifted.

[0116] A flat washer 600, a connecting washer 700, and a locking washer 800 are sequentially arranged on the top of the bracket 500, and a fixing nut 900 is fastened to the top of the locking washer 800. A protruding portion may be formed on the surface of the locking washer 800 to prevent the fixing nut 900 from loosening due to vibration or external impact after the fixing nut 900 is fixed.

[0117] FIG. 27 is a perspective view showing still another embodiment of a bolt fastening structure utilizing a hole guard of the present invention. FIG. 28 is a diagram showing still another embodiment of a bolt fastening structure utilizing a hole guard according to the present invention. Referring to Figures 27 and 28, another embodiment of a bolt fastening structure using a hole guard of the present invention includes a hole guard 100, an L-shaped bolt 201, a fall prevention washer 300, a bracket 500, a flat washer 600, a loosening prevention washer 800, and a fixing nut 900.

[0118] First, the hole guard 100 may be the hole guard according to the third embodiment. That is, the hole guard 100 may include a plate-shaped support portion 110 and a hole insert portion 120 disposed below the support portion 110. For example, the support portion 110 and the hole insert portion 120 may be integrally formed. A bolt hole 101 through which an L-shaped bolt 201 is inserted and attached may be formed through the support portion 110 and the hole insert portion 120. The bolt hole 101 may extend from the support portion 110 to the hole insert portion 120. In addition, one side of the lower surface of the hole insert portion 120 may include a protrusion 103 protruding from the lower surface. The protrusion 103 may function to prevent a lower horizontal portion 201b of the L-shaped bolt 201 from rotating after the L-shaped bolt 201 is inserted into the hole guard 100. For example, when the upper vertical portion 201 a of the L-shaped bolt 201 is inserted into the hole guard 100 , the lower horizontal portion 201 b engages with the protrusion 103 so that the L-shaped bolt 201 is fixed to the hole guard 100 .

[0119] FIG. 29 is a diagram showing an L-bolt of the present invention. 29, an L-shaped bolt 201 according to the present invention is shaped like a "└" and may include an upper vertical portion 201a, a lower horizontal portion 201b, and a bent portion 201c. The lower horizontal portion 201b may extend from the upper vertical portion 201a to the bottom via the bent portion 201c.

[0120] The upper vertical portion 201a has a thread formed therein as a portion that passes through a fastening hole provided by the lower structure (S), the bracket 500 placed thereon, and a fastening element, and a fixing nut 900 is coupled to the threaded portion. That is, the upper vertical portion 201a may be a portion that is exposed at the top of the hole guard 100 when the L-shaped bolt 201 is attached to the hole guard 100. Therefore, by fastening the fixing nut 900 to the exposed upper vertical portion 201a, the bracket 500 can be fixed to the lower structure (S).

[0121] The lower lateral portion 201b may be a portion that is sandwiched between the bolt holes 101 of the hole guard 100 during coupling, positioned below the lower structure (G), and press-fitted to the lower surface of the lower structure (S).

[0122] The lower horizontal portion 201b may be a portion that is sandwiched between the bolt hole 101 of the hole guard 100, positioned below the lower structure S, and crimped to the lower surface of the lower structure S when the L-shaped bolt 201 is attached to the hole guard 100. That is, the lower horizontal portion 201b may be hooked onto the protrusion 103 of the hole guard 100, thereby fixing the L-shaped bolt 201 upright within the hole guard 100.

[0123] However, when attaching the L-shaped bolt 201 to the hole guard 100, the bent lower horizontal portion 201b allows the upper vertical portion 201a of the L-shaped bolt 201 to be inserted from the bottom to the top of the hole guard 100, thereby allowing the L-shaped bolt 201 to be attached to the hole guard 100. As an example, when attaching the hole guard 100 to the substructure (S), the L-shaped bolt 201 and the fall prevention washer 300 can be first fastened to the hole guard 100, and then the hole guard 100 can be inserted into the hole of the substructure (S) with the L-shaped bolt 201 and the fall prevention washer 300 fastened. Therefore, even when an L-shaped bolt 201 is used in the hole guard 100, the lower horizontal portion 201b of the L-shaped bolt 201 is hooked onto the protruding portion 103 of the hole guard 100 in the same manner as the T-shaped bolt 200, thereby fixing the L-shaped bolt 201, allowing the worker to quickly and stably fix the fixing nut 900 to the L-shaped bolt 201 even at the top of the substructure (S). Also, when dismantling the fixing nut 900, the lower horizontal portion 201b is fixed by the protruding portion 103, allowing the worker to quickly and stably dismantle the fixing nut 900 at the top of the substructure (S) without having to fix the L-shaped bolt 201 separately.

[0124] 27 and 28, a bracket 500 may be disposed on top of the fall prevention washer 300. As can be seen from the drawings, the bracket 500 may be "L" shaped, but is not limited thereto and may have various other shapes, such as one side being coupled to the equipment and the other side being coupled to a supporting portion. A flat washer 600 and a locking washer 800 may be sequentially disposed on top of the bracket 500, and a fixing nut 900 may be fastened to the top of the locking washer 800. A protruding portion may be formed on the surface of the locking washer 800 to prevent the fixing nut 900 from loosening due to vibration or external impact after the fixing nut 900 is fixed.

[0125] 30 to 33 are diagrams showing a method of attaching a hole guard according to a third embodiment of the present invention and a bolt fastening structure using a T-bolt according to a fifth embodiment. 30, a hole guard 100 is attached to a substructure (S), such as a steel pad or grating, that has deep holes or double holes spaced apart from each other. The hole inserts 120 of the hole guard 100 can be selected to have the same size and shape as the holes in the substructure (S). The selected hole inserts 120 are inserted into the holes in the substructure (S) and attached. At this time, the hole guard 100 can be attached to the substructure (S) with the buffer pad 400 attached.

[0126] 31, a T-bolt 200 with a fall prevention washer 300 attached thereto is inserted onto a hole guard 100. That is, the T-bolt 200 can be inserted into the hole guard 100 from above the lower structure (S) with the lower horizontal portion 220 inserted into the rotation groove 211 of the upper vertical portion 210. At this time, the T-bolt 200 can be inserted until the lower horizontal portion 220 is inserted into the hole insertion portion 120 and the entire lower horizontal portion 220 is exposed from the hole insertion portion 120.

[0127] 32, the T-bolt 200 inserted into the hole guard 100 is fixed to the hole guard 100 by the lower horizontal portion 220. That is, after the lower horizontal portion 220 is inserted into the hole guard 100, the portion of the lower horizontal portion 220 protruding from the rotation groove 211 contacts the lower surface of the hole insertion portion 120, and the T-bolt 200 is moved upward, causing one side of the lower horizontal portion 220 to rotate along the round portion 222. As the lower horizontal portion 220 rotates, the upper surface of the lower horizontal portion 220 contacts the lower structure (S), and the side of the lower horizontal portion 220 contacts the protruding portion 103 of the hole insertion portion 120, thereby fixing the T-bolt 200 to the hole guard 100. At this time, the T-bolt 200 is fixed by the fall prevention washer 300, preventing the T-bolt 200 from falling to the bottom of the lower structure (S).

[0128] 33, a bracket 500 may be placed on the hole guard 100 and fall prevention washer 300. In addition, a flat washer 600, a locking washer 800, and a fixing nut 900 may be sequentially fastened to the T-bolt 200 exposed on the bracket 500. At this time, the engagement of the fixing nut 900 causes the lower lateral portion 220 to support the lower surface of the lower structure (S) and press the protrusion 103 of the hole guard 100, thereby firmly fixing the T-bolt 200 and hole guard 100 fastened to the lower structure (S).

[0129] As described above, in the bolt fastening structure using the hole guard 100 according to the present invention, bolts are fastened with the hole guard 100 attached onto the substructure (S), so bolts can be used to fasten steel pads with large or long holes or gratings with holes of varying sizes due to damage. Furthermore, by forming a locking groove 102 into which the lower lateral portion 220 of the bolt is inserted, or a protruding groove 104 and protrusion 103 that rotate and secure the lower lateral portion 220 on the lower surface of the hole guard 100, both fixed and rotating types of the lower lateral portion 220 can be fixed upright to the hole guard 100. Furthermore, since bolts can be installed in one direction for holes of various sizes using the hole guard 100 and the T-bolt 200 or L-bolt 201, the structure is widely used for hooking H-beam structures, ceilings, and wall structures at construction sites, as well as floors at industrial sites.

[0130] Meanwhile, the embodiments of the present invention disclosed in this specification and the drawings are merely specific examples to facilitate understanding and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. It will be obvious to those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains that other modifications based on the technical concept of the present invention can be implemented in addition to the embodiments disclosed herein. [Explanation of symbols]

[0131] 100 Hole Guard 101 Bolthole 102 Locking groove 103 Projection 104 Protruding groove 110 Support part 120 hole insertion part 200 T-bolt 201 L-shaped bolt 201a, 210 Upper vertical section 211 Rotating groove 212 Pivot pin 201b, 220 Lower lateral part 201c Bending part 221 Protruding parts 222 Round Section 300 Fall prevention washer 40 buffer pads 500 bracket 600 Flat washer 700 Bonding Washer 800 Anti-loosening washer 900 Fixing nut

Claims

1. Substructures located under industrial installations and having fastening holes; a hole guard inserted into and fixed to the hole of the lower structure; a T-bolt including an upper vertical portion having a threaded portion and a lower horizontal portion formed from the lower portion of the upper vertical portion to have a predetermined length on both sides of the upper vertical portion as the center, the T-bolt being inserted into the hole guard, with the lower horizontal portion contacting and fixing the lower surface of the lower structure and the lower surface of the hole guard; and a ring-shaped fall prevention washer fastened to the T-bolt and supported by the hole guard to prevent the T-bolt from falling to the bottom of the lower structure; the hole guard includes: a support portion disposed on an upper portion of the lower structure; a hole insert portion disposed below the support portion, the hole insert portion including a lower surface located on the same plane as a lower surface of the lower structure, the hole insert portion being inserted into a hole of the lower structure; and a bolt hole formed through the support portion and the hole insert portion so that the T-bolt can be inserted therein, the lower horizontal portion is connected to the upper vertical portion by a pivot pin so that one side of the lower horizontal portion has a shorter length than the other side thereof around the pivot pin so that the lower horizontal portion can pivot about the lower side of the upper vertical portion; and a rounded portion is formed at one end of the lower horizontal portion so as to be inclined from the top to the bottom; The upper vertical portion includes a rotation groove that allows the lower horizontal portion to be inserted into the inside of the upper vertical portion by rotating the lower horizontal portion, and the length of the rotation groove is shorter than the lengths of one and the other sides of the lower horizontal portion so that the round portion is caught in the rotation groove.

2. 2. The bolt fastening structure using a hole guard according to claim 1, wherein an outer diameter of the hole insertion portion is formed to be the same as an inner diameter of the hole formed in the lower structure.

3. 2. The bolt fastening structure using a hole guard according to claim 1, wherein a lower surface of the hole insertion portion includes a groove-shaped locking groove for fixing the T-bolt inserted into the hole guard to the hole guard.

4. The bolt fastening structure using a hole guard according to claim 3 , wherein the locking grooves are formed on both sides of the bolt hole from a lower surface of the hole insertion portion around the bolt hole.

5. 4. The bolt fastening structure using a hole guard according to claim 3, wherein the width of the locking groove is greater than the thickness of the lower lateral portion.

6. The bolt holes are 2. The bolt fastening structure using a hole guard according to claim 1, wherein the lower horizontal portion of the T-bolt has an elongated hole shape so that the lower horizontal portion passes through the hole insertion portion when inserted into the hole guard.

7. 2. The bolt fastening structure using a hole guard according to claim 1, wherein one side of a lower surface of the hole insertion portion includes a protrusion having a protruding shape so that the T-bolt inserted into the hole guard is fixed to the hole guard.

8. 2. The bolt fastening structure using a hole guard according to claim 1, wherein a lower side surface of the hole insertion portion includes a protruding groove formed so that the lower horizontal portion inserted into the hole insertion portion protrudes from the side surface of the hole insertion portion.

9. The lower lateral part is 2. The bolt fastening structure using a hole guard according to claim 1, wherein one or both sides of the upper vertical portion have a protruding portion that protrudes from the hole insertion portion so that the lower horizontal portion contacts the lower surface of the lower structure.

10. The lower lateral portion is an insertion state in which the lower horizontal portion is inserted into the pivot groove and the T-bolt is inserted into the hole guard; and 2. The bolt fastening structure using the hole guard according to claim 1, wherein after the T-bolt is inserted into the hole guard, the lower horizontal portion is rotated to be perpendicular to the upper vertical portion, thereby fixing the T-bolt to the hole guard.

11. Substructures located under industrial installations and having fastening holes; a hole guard having an outer diameter equal to the inner diameter of the hole formed in the lower structure and inserted into and fixed to the hole of the lower structure; an L-shaped bolt having an upper vertical portion formed with a thread and a lower horizontal portion formed by extending from the lower end of the upper vertical portion via a bent portion, the L-shaped bolt being inserted into the hole guard, and the lower horizontal portion being fixed in contact with the lower surface of the lower structure and the lower surface of the hole guard; and a fall prevention washer that is ring-shaped and fastened to the L-shaped bolt and supported by the hole guard to prevent the L-shaped bolt from falling to the bottom of the lower structure; The hole guard is a support disposed on top of the substructure; a hole insert disposed below the support, including a lower surface positioned flush with the lower surface of the lower structure, the hole insert being inserted into the hole of the lower structure; and A bolt fastening structure using a hole guard, the bolt hole being formed through the support portion and the hole insertion portion so that the L-shaped bolt can be inserted therein.

12. 12. The bolt fastening structure using a hole guard according to claim 11, wherein one side of a lower surface of the hole insertion portion includes a protrusion having a protruding shape so that the L-shaped bolt inserted into the hole guard is fixed to the hole guard.

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