Tolerance ring and assembly with tolerance ring

Abstract

To provide a tolerance ring located between assemblies involving moving parts.SOLUTION: A tolerance ring (100) includes: a plurality of projections (120) protruding radially inward or radially outward; a substrate (119); and an overlying layer (104) including at least one of a thermal enhancement layer and a retention layer. The thermal enhancement layer includes at least one of i) Vickers hardness less than 400 VPM and ii) thermal conductivity greater than 100 W / m K. The tolerance ring (100) is adapted to provide at least one of a) thermal transfer between an inner member and an outer member, b) a coefficient of friction between the retention layer and the outer member greater than a coefficient of friction between the substrate (119) and the outer member, and c) retention force Rf between the inner member and the outer member greater than 0.1 times assembly force Af.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention generally relates to a tolerance ring positioned between assemblies with moving parts. do. [Background technology]

[0002] In general, tolerance rings can be used to couple movement between parts. The tolerance ring is located in the gap between the outer surface of the inner component and the inner surface of the bore of the outer component. Such assemblies may include, but are not limited to, rotating components within the assembly. Rotating components such as rotating shafts and rotors are also included. Tolerance rings are also used in generator assemblies, motor assemblies, and engines. It can be used in assemblies such as clutch assemblies, retaining mechanisms, etc. Such an assembly may be used in automotive applications.

[0003] In order that its features and advantages may be obtained and more fully understood, the following description is given in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: A more complete description will be given with reference to embodiments. However, the drawings only show some embodiments. These are intended to illustrate the nature of the invention and should not be considered as limiting the scope. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0004] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a perspective end view of one embodiment of a tolerance ring. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is a perspective side view of one embodiment of a tolerance ring. [Figure 3] FIG. 3 is a plan view of one embodiment of a protrusion for a tolerance ring. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional side view of another embodiment of a tolerance ring having layers. [Figure 5A] FIG. 5A is a perspective end view of one embodiment of the assembly. [Figure 5B] FIG. 5B is a perspective side view of one embodiment of the assembly. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0005] The use of the same reference numbers in different drawings indicates similar or identical items.

[0006] The following description in combination with the drawings will provide an aid in understanding the teachings disclosed herein. The following discussion focuses on specific implementations and embodiments of the present teachings. are provided to help explain the present teachings and are not intended to provide any indication of the scope or applicability of the present teachings. This should not be construed as limiting. Other embodiments may be used based on the teachings as disclosed herein. It can be used.

[0007] The terms "comprises," "comprising," and "including" "includes," "including," "has," "has "having" or any other variation thereof is intended to encompass a non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a method, article, or apparatus that comprises the recited features is not necessarily The present invention is not limited to these features and does not apply to any method, article, or device not expressly described. Furthermore, unless expressly stated, "or" does not mean Use inclusive or instead of exclusive or For example, condition A or B is satisfied by either: A is A is true (exists) and B is false (does not exist), A is false (does not exist) and B is true is true (exists), and both A and B are true (exists).

[0008] Also, the use of "a" or "an" is used to describe elements and parts described in the supplemental specification. This is done merely for convenience and to give a general sense of the scope of the invention. This statement can mean one, at least one, or or the singular form should be read to include the plural, or vice versa. For example, Where an item is described herein, a plurality of items may be substituted for that single item. Similarly, where a plurality of items are described herein, a single item may be used to refer to the plurality of items. Additionally, the use of "about" or "approximately" does not detract from the scope of the present invention. It is employed to convey spatial or numerical relationships that describe values ​​or relationships.

[0009] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein refer to the have the same meaning as commonly understood by a person of ordinary skill in the art The materials, methods, and examples are illustrative only and are not intended to be limiting. To the extent not provided in the document, many details regarding specific materials and processing practices are conventional. Motor / alternator / turbocharger / engine assembly and parts These can be found in textbooks and other sources available within the art.

[0010] 1-4 illustrate a tolerance ring 100 according to some embodiments. The ring 100 is formed into a tolerance ring shape (approximately annular) centered on the central axis 600. The tolerance ring 100 comprises a first band of material 102 that can be bent. The band 102 may have an axial end 115 and a second axial end 117. In one embodiment, the band 102 may include an inner sidewall portion 103a and an outer sidewall The sidewall portion 103 may include an axial edge 105. In this embodiment, the side wall portion 103 has a first axial edge portion 105a and a second axial edge portion 105b. In some embodiments, the tolerance ring 100 or band 102 may have: Along at least one axial end 115, 117 of the side wall portion 103, a flat of resilient material In some embodiments, the top of the material may have a non-formed portion 220 extending circumferentially therethrough. The side non-forming band 220 and the lower non-forming band 222 are formed on the side wall of the tolerance ring 100. 103 at each axial end 105, 107. A non-forming band 220 extends axially along the length of the sidewall 103 between the bands 220, 222. 20, 222. In one embodiment, the tolerance ring 100 and / or The band 102 has a gap 106 that defines a first circumferential end 611 and a second circumferential end 613. In some embodiments, as shown in FIGS. 1-2, the first circumference of the band 102 The circumferential end 611 and the second circumferential end 613 do not abut on each other (for example, in the case of a split tolerance ring configuration). 102), leaving an axial gap 106 adjacent the outer periphery of the band 102. In an embodiment, the band may be curved so that the ends overlap each other. In an embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3, the band is a continuous, unbroken tolerance band. In one embodiment, the inner sidewall 103a may include an inner surface. In one embodiment, the exterior sidewall portion 103b can include an outer surface. In the figure, the band 102 may include a plurality of protrusions 120 around the circumference of the band 102. In some embodiments, the tolerance ring 100 comprises an inner member 306 and an outer member 307. 02 may be fixed relative to each other.

[0011] In one embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 1-4, the tolerance ring 100 is made of a composite material. The tolerance ring 100 can include at least one substrate 119 and at least The substrate 119 may also include one or more coating layers 104. The coating layer 104 may be disposed on any portion of the substrate 119. The coating layer 104 may be continuous or discontinuous across the substrate 119. The inner surface of the inner side wall portion 103a can be adapted to the shape of the band 102. In one embodiment, the outer surface of the outer side wall portion 103b may have a coating layer 104. The cover layer 104 may have a shape that conforms to the shape of the base 102. The cover layer 104 may be formed on a small portion of the base 119. It may be connected to at least a portion of the substrate, particularly along the protruding portion 120 of the substrate. In a further embodiment, the coating layer 104 is formed on the radially outer surface or The entire main surface of the side wall portion 103, e.g., the inner surface of the side wall portion 103, is covered with the 03 to the radially inner surface 103a or the radially outer surface 103b. In another embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, the coating layer 104, 104' is a tolerance ring. The entire main surface of the side wall portion 103, for example, is formed so as to cover the radially outer and inner sides of the lug 100. , connected to the radially inner surface 103a and the radially outer surface 103b of the side wall portion 103; In certain embodiments, the coating layer 104 may be formed on a surface that is in contact with another surface of another component. Alternatively, the second group may be coupled to the radially inner surface of the substrate 119 to form a second group. A substrate 119' may be positioned over the cover layer 104. In yet another embodiment, multiple substrates 119 and multiple cover layers 104 may be positioned above or below each other in any configuration. In some embodiments, the band 102 and / or the plurality of protrusions 120 may be formed on a plurality of substrates 1 19, and multiple coating layers 104 may be positioned above or below each other in any configuration. In some embodiments, multiple substrates 119 and multiple coating layers 104 may be arranged in a The groove 102 may include a plurality of protrusions 120 .

[0012] The coating layer 104 may include multiple compositions or layers. In some embodiments, the coating layer 104 may include at least one of a thermal enhancement layer 104a and a retention layer 104b. In some embodiments, the thermal enhancement layer 104a has a Vickers hardness of <400 VPM and and / or a thermal conductivity of >100 W / m·K. may have both a Vickers hardness of <400 VPM and a thermal conductivity of >100 W / m K. In some embodiments, the thermal enhancement layer 104a is It may be possible to provide heat transfer between the member 306 and the outer member 302. In some embodiments, the retainer layer 104b may be formed between the inner member 306 and the outer member 302. Holding force R f and the assembly can be performed with an assembly force A f and R f >0.1A f Holding force R f is attached to at least one of the inner part 306 or the outer part 302. This can be defined as the force required to hold the tolerance ring 100 in a static state. Strength A f The tolerance ring 100 is attached to at least one of the inner component 306 and the outer component 302. The force required to assemble both the components into assembly 2 may be defined as the force required to assemble both the components into assembly 2. In other embodiments, the thermal enhancing layer 104a and the retaining layer 104b may be a single homogeneous layer. In an embodiment, the thermal enhancement layer 104a and the retention layer 104b are separate layers within the coating layer 104. In one embodiment, the combination of the thermal enhancement layer 104a and the retention layer 104b The composition may form a composition gradient within the coating layer 104. In one embodiment, the coating layer 104 ( The thermal enhancement layer 104a or the retention layer 104b may be used to provide a tolerance layer. The outer surface or radially outer surface or portion of the sidewall 103b of the ring 100 may be defined. In this embodiment, the covering layer 104 (at least one of the thermal enhancement layer 104a and the retention layer 104b) The inner surface or radially inner surface or side wall portion 1 of the tolerance ring 100 It may define a portion of 03a.

[0013] In one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4, the substrate 119 comprises at least a portion of a metal. Metals include aluminum, zinc, copper, beryllium, magnesium, It may contain tin, titanium, tungsten, iron, bronze, or alloys thereof, or other types. More specifically, the substrate may be made of a low iron alloy such as steel, for example, stainless steel or carbon steel. For example, the substrate 119 may be comprised at least in part of 301 stainless steel. 301 stainless steel can also be partially included. The substrate 119 may be a woven mesh or an expanded mesh. It may contain talgrid.

[0014] In one embodiment, the cover layer 104 (at least one of the thermal enhancement layer 104a or the retention layer 104b) The metal may be at least partially comprised of an aluminum alloy. Aluminum, zinc, copper, beryllium, magnesium, tin, titanium, tungsten, iron, blue The coating layer 104 (thermal enhancement layer) may include copper, an alloy thereof, or other types. The protective layer 104a or the protective layer 104b may be made of a metal alloy (including the listed metals). anodized metals (including the listed metals), passivated metals, or any combination thereof The covering layer 104 (at least one of the thermal enhancement layer 104a and the retention layer 104b) may include a combination thereof. The covering (including at least one) may include a woven mesh or an expanded metal grid. The layer 104 may be formed by electroplating, chemical coating, anodizing, hot dip plating, vacuum plating, or passivation. Modification, abrasive treatment, grinding, polishing, burnishing, sandblasting, etching, abrasion , calendaring, galvanizing, knurling, peening, pickling, thermal spraying, surface hardening , metal infiltration, or any other treatment known in the metalworking art. That's fine.

[0015] Optionally, the substrate 119 may be corrosion-resistant to prevent corrosion of the tolerance ring substrate prior to processing. It may be coated with corrosion protection layers 704 and 705. In addition, corrosion protection layer 708 is provided on layer 704. Each of the layers 704, 705 and 708 can be applied over a thickness of about 7-15 mm. The layers 704 and 705 may have a thickness of about 1 to 50 microns. phosphates of lead, iron, manganese or any combination thereof, or nanoceramic layers Additionally, layers 704 and 705 may be formed using functional silanes, nanoscale silane-based polymers, or the like. Primer, Hydrolyzed Silane, Organosilane Adhesion Promoter, Solvent / Water-Based Silane Primer, Chlorinated polyolefin, passivated surface, commercially available zinc (mechanical / galvanic) or zinc Layer 70 may include a lead-nickel coating, a lead-nickel coating, or any combination thereof. 8 is a functional silane, nanoscale silane primer, hydrolyzed silane, organosilanes The corrosion protection layer 704 may include a silane adhesion promoter, or a solvent / water based silane primer. , 705 and 708 can be removed or retained during processing.

[0016] Optionally, the tolerance ring 100 may further include a corrosion resistant coating 125. The coating 125 may be about 1 to 50 microns thick, such as about 5 to 20 microns, or about 7 to 15 microns. The corrosion resistant coating may have a thickness of microns. The adhesion promoter layer 127 may include an epoxy layer 129. The adhesion promoter layer 127 may include zinc, iron, manganese, tin, or the like. or any combination thereof, or a nanoceramic layer. The adhesion promoter layer 127 may be a functional silane, a nanoscale silane-based layer, a hydrolyzed silane, an ol Ganosilane adhesion promoter, solvent / water-based silane primer, chlorinated polyolefin, passivation Surface, commercially available zinc (mechanical / galvanic) or zinc-nickel coating, or The epoxy layer 129 may include any combination thereof. UV cured epoxy, IR cured epoxy, electron beam cured epoxy, radiation cured epoxy, Alternatively, the epoxy resin may be an air-cured epoxy. ester, diglycidyl ether, bisphenol A, bisphenol F, oxirane, oxidant Cyclopropane, ethylene oxide, 1,2-epoxypropane, 2-methyloxyl 9,10-epoxy-9,10-dihydroanthracene, 9,10-epoxy-9,10-dihydroanthracene, or any combination thereof The epoxy resin layer 129 may further include a hardener. The curing agent is an amine, an acid anhydride, a phenol novolac poly[N-(4-hydroxyphenyl ) Maleimide (PHPMI) and other phenol novolac hardeners, resol phenol hydroxybenzoates, Formaldehyde, aliphatic amine compounds, polycarboxylic acid anhydrides, polyacrylates, isopropyl alcohols, Cyanate, encapsulated polyisocyanate, boron trifluoride amine complex, chromium-based cure The polymerizable composition may include an acid anhydride, a polyamide, or any combination thereof. As mentioned above, R is replaced by C X H Y X Z A U The possible equation RC=OOC=O-R' is satisfied. The amines can be monoethylamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetriamine, Aliphatic amines such as cycloaliphatic amines, cycloaliphatic amines, and cycloaliphatic amines; Aromatic amines such as amidoamines, polyamides, dicyandiamide, and imidazole derivatives; or any combination thereof.

[0017] In some embodiments, the tolerance ring 100 (substrate 119 or coating layer 104) (including at least one of these) have sufficient rigidity to withstand axial and longitudinal forces The tolerance ring 100 may be a single piece, two pieces, or , welded, adhesive, fasteners, threaded, or any other suitable fastening means. It can be made from several parts.

[0018] In some embodiments, the tolerance ring 100 is made of a resilient material (such as a rubber) of the substrate 119. The strip may be formed from a flat strip of metal (forming the band 102). Before folding, the covering layer 104 (at least one of the thermal enhancement layer 104a and the support layer 104b) The surface may be coated, covered, or disposed with at least one of the following: In an embodiment, the coating layer 104 is a coating, covering, or other coating on both sides of the substrate 119. The covering layer 104 (at least one of the thermal improvement layer 104a and the retention layer 104b) may be disposed. including, but not limited to, physical or chemical vapor deposition, thermal spraying, plating, powder coating The coating on the substrate 119 may be performed by known methods such as electroplating or by other chemical or electrochemical techniques. The coating layer 104 (thermally enhancing layer 104a or protective layer 104b) may be deposited through the coating. (including at least one of the following) include, but are not limited to, roll pressing, lamination, by known methods such as welding, explosion welding, laser cladding, or by other chemical or electrical The coating layer 104 may be coated onto the substrate 119 by chemical vapor deposition techniques. The covering layer 104 may be attached to the surface of the band 102 opposite to the surfaces 2, 306. The band 102 may be coated, laminated, covered, or bonded to the coating layer 104. , coating, or covering to provide a uniform thickness around the band 102. Before or after the coating layer 104 is attached to the substrate 119, the resulting layer structure is , stamping (e.g., press molding using a properly shaped mold), rotary The protrusions 120 can be formed by shaping or the like. Both may be formed from both a strip of elastic material and a covering layer 104. The material of O4 may be chosen to be flexible to facilitate this stamping process. The covering layer 104 is formed on the inner side wall portion 103a or the outer side wall portion 103b of the band. After forming the protrusions 120, the laminated structure is In the illustrated embodiment, the coating layer 104 is In other embodiments, the cover layer 104 may be the inner material.

[0019] In one embodiment, the sidewall 103 has a thickness T in the range of 0.2 mm to 25 mm. SW of In a more specific embodiment, the sidewall portion 103 may have a thickness of 0.25 mm to 1 mm range, 0.3mm~1mm range, 0.35mm~1mm range, 0.4m Within the range of m~1mm, within the range of 0.45mm~1mm, within the range of 0.5mm~1mm, 0 Within the range of 0.55mm to 1mm, within the range of 0.6mm to 1mm, within the range of 0.65mm to 1mm Within the range, 0.7mm~1mm, 0.75mm~1mm, 0.8mm~1mm m range, 0.85mm to 1mm range, 0.9mm to 1mm range, and even 0. Thickness T in the range of 0.2mm to 2mm, such as in the range of 95mm to 1mm SW Having In another embodiment, the thickness T SW is in the range of 0.2mm to 0.9mm, Within the range of 0.2mm~0.85mm, within the range of 0.2mm~0.8mm, 0.2mm~0 Within 0.75mm, within 0.2mm~0.7mm, within 0.2mm~0.65mm Within the range of 0.2mm~0.6mm, Within the range of 0.2mm~0.6mm, 0.2mm Within the range of 0.55mm, 0.2mm~0.5mm, 0.2mm~0.45mm Within the range, 0.2mm~0.4mm, 0.2mm~0.35mm, 0. 0.2 mm to 0.3 mm, and even 0.2 mm to 0.25 mm. In a more particular embodiment, the sidewall 103 is 0.2mm~2mm thick T SW It can have:

[0020] In one embodiment, the substrate 119 has a thickness T in the range of 0.075 mm to 25 mm. S of In a more specific embodiment, the substrate 119 may have a thickness in the range of 0.25 mm to 1 mm. , within the range of 0.3mm~1mm, within the range of 0.35mm~1mm, 0.4mm~1mm Within the range, within the range of 0.45mm~1mm, within the range of 0.5mm~1mm, 0.55mm~ Within 1mm, within 0.6mm to 1mm, within 0.65mm to 1mm, 0.7 mm to 1mm range, 0.75mm to 1mm range, 0.8mm to 1mm range, Within the range of 0.85mm to 1mm, 0.9mm to 1mm, and even 0.95mm to 1 Thickness T in the range of 0.075 mm to 2 mm S Other implementations may include: In this embodiment, the substrate 119 has a thickness in the range of 0.075 mm to 0.9 mm, Within 0.85mm, within 0.075mm~0.8mm, within 0.075mm~0.7 Within 5mm, within 0.075mm~0.7mm, 0.075mm~0.65mm Within the range, within the range of 0.075mm~0.6mm, within the range of 0.075mm~0.6mm , within the range of 0.075mm~0.55mm, within the range of 0.075mm~0.5mm, 0. Within the range of 0.075mm to 0.45mm, within the range of 0.075mm to 0.4mm, 0.075 mm to 0.35 mm, 0.075 mm to 0.3 mm, and even 0.075 Thickness T in the range of 0.075mm to 0.95mm, such as in the range of 0.25mm to 0.075mm S In a more specific embodiment, the substrate 119 may have a thickness of 0.075 mm to 0.8 mm. Thickness T S may have.

[0021] In one embodiment, the coating layer 104 has a thickness in the range of 0.01 microns to 500 microns. Thickness T OL In a more particular embodiment, the coating layer 104 may have a thickness of 0.2 microns. Within the range of 200 microns, within the range of 0.3 microns to 150 microns, 0.35 microns in the range of 0.4 microns to 125 microns, in the range of 0.4 microns to 115 microns, and 0.5 microns to 100 microns, 0.5 microns to 90 microns, 0.55 microns 0.6 microns to 85 microns, 0.6 microns to 75 microns, 0.65 microns 0.75 microns, 0.7 microns to 65 microns, 0.7 microns to 50 microns, 0.75 microns Within the range of up to 45 microns, within the range of 0.8 microns to 40 microns, and 0.85 microns and above Within the 35 micron range, within the 0.9 micron to 30 micron range, and even 0.95 micron Thickness T in the range of 0.15 microns to 250 microns OLIn other embodiments, the coating layer 104 may have a thickness between 0.2 microns and 250 microns. Within the range of 0.2 microns to 150 microns, within the range of 0.2 microns to 125 microns Within the range of 0.2 microns to 100 microns, 0.2 microns to 95 microns Within the range of 0.2 microns to 90 microns, within the range of 0.2 microns to 85 microns Within the range, within the range of 0.2 microns to 80 microns, within the range of 0.2 microns to 75 microns Within the range of 0.2 microns to 70 microns, within the range of 0.2 microns to 65 microns, Within the range of 0.2 microns to 60 microns, within the range of 0.2 microns to 50 microns, 0. Within the range of 2 microns to 25 microns, and even within the range of 0.2 microns to 10 microns. Thickness T in the range of 0.2 microns to 500 microns OL More specific implementations may include: In this embodiment, the coating layer 104 has a thickness T OL have do.

[0022] In one embodiment, the thermal enhancement layer 104a has a thickness in the range of 0.2 microns to 200 microns. Within the range of 0.3 microns to 150 microns, within the range of 0.35 microns to 125 microns Within the range of 0.4 microns to 115 microns, 0.45 microns to 100 microns Within the range, 0.5 microns to 90 microns, 0.55 microns to 85 microns Within the range of 0.6 microns to 75 microns, within the range of 0.65 microns to 65 microns Within the range of 0.7 microns to 50 microns, and within the range of 0.75 microns to 45 microns , in the range of 0.8 microns to 40 microns, in the range of 0.85 microns to 35 microns, Within the range of 0.9 microns to 30 microns, and even within the range of 0.95 microns to 25 microns Thickness T within the range of 0.15 microns to 500 microns TEL Other In an embodiment, the thermal enhancement layer 104a has a thickness in the range of 0.2 microns to 250 microns. Within the range of 0.2 microns to 150 microns, within the range of 0.2 microns to 125 microns, Within the range of 0.2 microns to 100 microns, within the range of 0.2 microns to 95 microns, 0 Within the range of 0.2 microns to 90 microns, within the range of 0.2 microns to 85 microns, 0.2 Within the range of microns to 80 microns, within the range of 0.2 microns to 75 microns, 0.2 microns 0.2 microns to 70 microns, 0.2 microns to 65 microns, 0.2 microns ~60 microns, 0.2 microns to 50 microns, 0.2 microns to 2 0.2 microns, such as in the 0.5 micron range, and even in the 0.2 micron to 10 micron range. Thickness T in the range of 100-500 microns TEL In a more particular embodiment, The thermal enhancement layer 104a has a thickness T TEL may have.

[0023] In one embodiment, the retention layer 104b has a thickness in the range of 0.2 microns to 200 microns. Within the range of 0.3 microns to 150 microns, within the range of 0.35 microns to 125 microns , in the range of 0.4 microns to 115 microns, in the range of 0.45 microns to 100 microns Within the range of 0.5 microns to 90 microns, within the range of 0.55 microns to 85 microns , in the range of 0.6 microns to 75 microns, in the range of 0.65 microns to 65 microns, Within the range of 0.7 microns to 50 microns, within the range of 0.75 microns to 45 microns, 0 Within the range of 0.8 microns to 40 microns, within the range of 0.85 microns to 35 microns, 0. Within the range of 9 microns to 30 microns, and even within the range of 0.95 microns to 25 microns. Thickness T in the range of 0.15 microns to 500 microns R Other embodiments may include: In the above, the retention layer 104b is in the range of 0.2 microns to 250 microns, and in the range of 0.2 microns to 150 microns, in the range of 0.2 microns to 125 microns, 0.2 microns to 100 microns, 0.2 microns to 95 microns, 0.2 microns ~90 microns, 0.2 microns to 85 microns, 0.2 microns to 8 Within 0 microns, within 0.2 microns to 75 microns, within 0.2 microns to 70 microns Within the range of Kron, within the range of 0.2 microns to 65 microns, 0.2 microns to 60 microns Within the range of 0.2 microns to 50 microns, within the range of 0.2 microns to 25 microns range, and even within the range of 0.2 microns to 500 microns, such as within the range of 0.2 microns to 10 microns. Thickness T in the micron range R In a more particular embodiment, the retainer layer 104b The thickness T is 100 microns to 200 microns. R may have.

[0024] In one embodiment, referring to FIGS. 1-3, the tolerance ring 100 has a length of at least 5 m. m, at least 10 mm, at least 25 mm, at least 50 mm, at least 75 m m, inner radius R of at least 100 mm R1 The inner radius R R1 is 150mm or less , 125mm or less, 100mm or less, 90mm or less, 75mm or less, 50mm or less The tolerance ring 100 is at least 5 mm, at least 10 mm, at least 2 Outer radius R of 5mm, at least 50mm, at least 75mm, at least 100mm R The tolerance ring 100 may have a length of 150 mm or less, 125 mm or less, 100 mm or less, Outer radius R of m or less, 90mm or less, 75mm or less, 50mm or less R2 More particularly, In certain embodiments, the tolerance ring 100 has an outer radius R between 3 mm and 150 mm. R2 may have.

[0025] In one embodiment, the tolerance ring 100 has a 500mm or less, 250mm or less, 150mm or less, 100mm or less, 50mm or less , axial length L of 25 mm or less R The tolerance ring 100 can have an axis Measured between the directional ends 115, 117, the At least 25mm, at least 50mm, at least 100mm, at least 250mm axial Length L R In a more particular embodiment, the tolerance ring 10 0 is the axial length L of 6mm to 250mm R The inner radius R R1 is the axis Direction length L R The outer radius R R2 is the axial length L R can vary along .

[0026] 1-4, in some embodiments, at least one protrusion 120 is The protrusions may be at least partially coupled to the tolerance ring 100. The protrusion 120 may be formed on the tolerance ring 100. The protrusion 120 may be monolithic with the side wall 103. That is, the protrusion 120 may be integral with the sidewall 103. In another particular embodiment, at least one of the protrusions 120 may have a sidewall 1 03. For example, the separate part may be attached by adhesive, welding, etc. , crimping, or any other suitable process understood in the art. In one embodiment, the protrusion 120 may be attached to the tolerance ring 10 The axially inwardly extending portion 115, 117 of the side wall 103 of the first embodiment may be positioned axially inwardly of the axial edges 115, 117 of the side wall 103 of the second embodiment. In the embodiment, at least one protrusion 120 extends or protrudes radially outward from the side wall 103. In one embodiment, at least one protrusion 120 extends radially from the sidewall 103. In one embodiment, as shown in FIGS. Another protrusion 120 may be oriented circumferentially downward on the side wall 103 of the tolerance ring. In an alternative embodiment, the at least one protrusion 120 may be a tolerance level. The protrusion 120 may be oriented axially downward of the side wall 103 of the ring. In one embodiment, the protrusion 120 may extend away from the central axis 600. In one embodiment, the protrusion 120 may be a self-contained individual May be a separate structure, retaining grease applied before assembly to reduce subsequent leakage Or it may be minimized.

[0027] As shown, the tolerance ring 100 may include a row or series of protrusions 120. In other embodiments, the tolerance ring 100 may have two rows or series of projections 120 or , three rows or three series of protrusions 120, etc. Furthermore, the total number N of protrusions 120 WS may be ≥ 3, such as ≥ 4, ≥ 5, ≥ 6, ≥ 7, ≥ 8, or ≥ 9 in each column. Furthermore, N WS ≦30, ≦25, ≦20, or ≦15. WS is the above-mentioned N WS It can be in a range between and including any of the values.

[0028] In one embodiment, the plurality of protrusions 120 are arranged in at least two circumferentially extending rows. In certain embodiments, the plurality of protrusions 120 may be arranged in a number of groups, each of which may include at least four protrusions. at least one circumferentially extending row, at least five circumferentially extending rows, or even at least They may be arranged in at least three circumferentially extending rows, such as six circumferentially extending rows. In other embodiments, the plurality of protrusions 120 may be arranged in 15 or fewer circumferentially extending rows, 10 or more 25 or fewer circumferentially extending rows, such as 7 or fewer circumferentially extending rows, or even 7 or fewer circumferentially extending rows. The electrodes can be arranged in rows extending in the direction.

[0029] In one embodiment, the protrusions 120 may each define an axially diverging line. In one embodiment, the axial diverging lines of at least two protrusions 120 are The protrusions 120 may be oriented parallel to one another, i.e., at least two of the protrusions 120 may be oriented parallel to one another. In a more particular embodiment, all of the protrusions 120 may be oriented flat relative to one another. Can be oriented in rows.

[0030] In one embodiment, at least two protrusions 120 extend in different directions from the sidewall 103. In a more particular embodiment, at least two protrusions 120 can extend in opposite radial directions from the inner side wall portion 103a and the outer side wall portion 103b. In a more particular embodiment, at least two protrusions 120 are arranged in opposing axial directions. In one embodiment, at least two protrusions 120 may extend from each other. That is, the sides of at least two of the protrusions 120 can extend in a direction away from each other. may be closer to each other than other portions of the protrusion 120.

[0031] Each protrusion 120 defines an aspect ratio measured by its length compared to its width. The length of the protrusion 120 can be determined by the length of the protrusion 120 in the axial direction or the circumferential direction. The width of a protrusion may be defined as the greater of its length and width in the axial or circumferential direction. The length of the protrusion 120 may be defined as the smaller of its length and width. In the above, at least one of the protrusions 120 has a ratio of at least 1.5:1, at least 2:1 , at least 3:1, at least 4:1, at least 5:1, or even at least 10 In one embodiment, the aspect ratio may be at least 1.1:1, such as 1:1. In this case, the aspect ratio should be less than 100:1, such as less than 50:1, or even less than 25:1. It can be below.

[0032] The protrusion 120 may be formed by, for example, stamping, pressing, punching, or cutting. In one embodiment, at least one of the protrusions 120 may be formed by a process such as , before the side wall portion 103 is formed, for example, before the flat sheet is rolled to form the side wall portion 103. In one embodiment, at least one of the protrusions 120 forms the sidewall 103. It may be formed later, for example, after a flat sheet is rolled to form the sidewalls 103 .

[0033] In one embodiment, at least two of the protrusions 120 have the same geometric shape relative to each other. In a further embodiment, all of the protrusions 120 may have a shape or size that is greater than or equal to one another. In other embodiments, the protrusions 120 may have the same geometric shape or size. At least two may have different geometric shapes or sizes relative to each other. In the embodiment, all of the protrusions 120 may have different geometric shapes or sizes relative to each other. do.

[0034] The protrusions 120 may be carefully selected and designed for force transmission or spring material properties. The geometry of 120 may be selected to provide desired elastic / plastic deformation properties. For example: At least one of the protrusions 120 is configured to vary the rotational or axial movement of the protrusions 120. The deformation characteristics may vary from inner to outer protrusions 120. Not only do we take into consideration the material tolerances during manufacturing of the side members 302 and 306, but we also consider the relationship between different parts during operation. By selecting the material to compensate for the differential thermal expansion and wear that may occur in the These designs may ensure that the assembled parts 302, Zero clearance tolerance ring to ensure 306 does not loosen at elevated temperatures 100 is applicable.

[0035] As best shown in FIGS. 1-3, the protrusions 120 may have a polygonal cross section. In some embodiments, the protrusions 120 may have a polygonal, circular, or semicircular cross section. In some embodiments, the protrusion 120 has at least one shoulder or At least one of the corrugations 230 may include a corrugation without a shoulder. Length L W In some embodiments, each corrugated structure 230 may include a corrugated body. a first corrugated side 242 on a first side of the corrugated body 240; and a second corrugation side 244 on a second side of the corrugation body opposite the second corrugation side. The corrugated body 240 extends between the upper non-forming band 220 and the lower non-forming band 222. Each corrugated body 240 may include a generally arch-shaped structure forming a plateau 250. The generally arcuate portion extends between the upper non-forming band 220 and the lower non-forming band 102. The corrugated structure 230 may include a first shoulder 246 and a second shoulder 247. The corrugation may have a first shoulder 246 and a second shoulder 248. 1 so that the first shoulder 246 extends axially. and second shoulder 248 may be oriented to extend radially. In this case, the protrusion 120 is separated from the smaller upper non-forming band 220 by the lower non-forming band 22 2 and may include a flat plateau 250.

[0036] As best shown in FIG. 3, each corrugated body 240 may have a corrugated side 24 2, 244. A generally rectangular footprint representing the periphery or shape of the corrugated body 240 prior to formation of The footprint 252 may include non-forming bands 220, 222. , and adjacent non-forming portions 224. The plateau portion 250 may be surrounded by a footprint 252. The footprint 252 may define a radial edge of a footprint length L WBF and, Footprint width W WBF The protrusion 120 or the plateau 250 may have: The height H measured from the side wall 103 to the top of the protrusion 120 or the plateau 250 P have In certain embodiments, the outer radius R R2 is the height H of the protrusion 120 or the plateau 250 P to It can be based on H P is ≦4%R R2 , ≦3%R R2 , ≦2%R R2 , or ≦1% R R2 ≦5%R R2 It can be said that H P is ≧0.2%R R2 , ≥ 0.3 %R R2 , ≥ 0.4%R R2 , or ≥ 0.5%R R2 ≧0.1%R R2 Toshiko Furthermore, H P is the above %R R2 The range is between and including any of the values Each corrugated side 242, 244 has a length L WS It can contain L WS is ≧101%L WBF , ≥ 102%L WBF , ≥ 103%L WBF , ≥ 104%L WB F , or ≥ 105%L WBF Such as ≧L WBF It can be said that L WS Also, ≦ 120%L WBF , ≦115%L WBF , or ≦110%L WBF Such as ≦125%L WBFFurthermore, L WS is the above %L WBF Between any of the values The range may include the above.

[0037] The corrugated sides 242, 244 are spaced apart by an outermost vertical edge 260 of the first corrugated side 242 and an outermost vertical edge 262 of the second corrugated side 244. Overall width W measured between the outermost vertical edges 262 of 244 WS It can contain W WS is ≧101%W WBF , ≥ 102%W WBF , ≥ 103%W WBF , ≥ 104%W WB F , or ≧ 105%W WBF Such as ≧W WBF Furthermore, W WS teeth, ≦145%W WBF , ≦140%W WBF , ≦135%W WBF , ≦130%W WBF , or ≦125%W WBF Such as ≦150%W WBF Furthermore, W WS is the above %W WBF It can be in a range between and including any of the values.

[0038] In certain embodiments, as illustrated in FIG. 3, each corrugated body 240 The bottom width W measured at the contact point between the upper non-forming band 220 or the lower non-forming band 222 W BB , and the apex width W measured at the apex of each corrugated body 240 WBP Equipped with. W WBP teeth , ≦75%W WBB , ≦70%W WBB , ≦65%W WBB , ≦60%W WBB , ≦55 %WWBB , or ≦50%W WBB Such as ≦W WBB In another aspect, Leave it, W WBP ≥ 30%W WBB , ≥ 35%W WBB , or ≧ 40%W WBB Toi ≧25%W WBB Furthermore, W WBP is the above 5%W WBB Value The range may be between and inclusive of any of the above.

[0039] The footprint 250 of the corrugated body 240 is H WBF ×W WBF Area A equal to FP of Both of the corrugated sides 242, 244 may include unformed portions in each corrugated structure 230. The total area equals the surface area of ​​the material removed or altered from the corrugated body 224 and the height of the corrugated body 240. A WS It can include: A WS is ≦80%A FP , ≦75%A FP , ≦70%A F P , ≦65%A FP , or ≦60%A FP Such as ≦A FP Other forms can be used. In regards to A WS is ≧25%A FP , ≥ 30%A FP , ≥ 35%A FP , ≥ 40%A FP , ≥ 45%A FP , or ≧50%A FP Furthermore, A WS is the above %A FP It can be in a range between and including any of the values.

[0040] In other embodiments, A WS is the footprint of the waveform body A OFP and the overlapping area , one or more non-formed portions, an upper non-formed band, a lower non-formed band, or a combination thereof A OU and an overlapping area. A OU is ≦45%A OFP , ≦40%A OFP , ≦35%A OFP , ≦30%A OFP , or ≦25%A OFP Such as ≦A OFP Let's say Furthermore, A OU is ≧2%A OFP , ≥ 3%A OFP , ≥ 4%A OFP ,also is ≧5%A OFP ≧1%A OFP It can be said that. A OU is the above %A OF P It can be in a range between and including any of the values.

[0041] In yet another embodiment, A OU is ≦30%A WS , ≦25%A WS , ≦20%A WS , or ≦15%A WS Such as ≦A WS It can be said that A OU is ≧2%A WS , ≥ 3%A WS , ≥ 4%A WS , or ≧ 5%A WS ≧1%A WS To do so A OU is the above %A WS The range must be between and include any of the values can be done.

[0042] In other embodiments, A OFP is ≧75%A WS , ≥ 80%A WS , or ≧85%A W S ≧70%A WS Furthermore, A OFP is ≦99%A WS , ≦ 98%A WS , ≦97%A WS , ≦96%A WS , or ≦95%A WS Such as ≦A WS It can be said that. A OFP is the above A WS A range between and including any of the values It can be said that:

[0043] FIG. 3 shows that each corrugated side 242, 244 is adjacent to the corrugated body 240 and is located at the first and inner arcuate ends 270, 272 that form the first and second side edges. Each arcuate end 270, 272 has a thickness of ≧101%H WBF , ≧102%H WBF , ≥ 10 3%H WBF , ≧104%H WBF , or ≧105%H WBF Such as ≧H WBF Let's say The arc length L AE and L AE In other embodiments, L AE is ≦175%H WBF , ≦150%H WBF , ≦145%H WBF , ≦140%H WB F , ≦135%H WBF , ≦130%H WBF , or ≦125%H WBF Such as ≦20 0%H WBF It can be said that LAE Also, the above %H WBF Between any of the values ​​and The range may include these.

[0044] In other embodiments, each non-forming portion 224 has a width W WBB Approximately the same width W US It can contain In this embodiment, W US ≥ 65%W WBB , ≥70%W WBB , ≥75%W WBB , ≥80%W WBB , ≥85%W WBB , ≥ 90%W WBB , ≥ 95%W WBB , ≧96%W WBB , ≥97%W WBB , ≥98%W WBB , ≥99%W WBB , or ≧ 1 00%W WBB Such as ≧60%W WBB Furthermore, W US is ≦12 0%W WBB , ≦115%W WBB , ≦110%W WBB , ≦105%W WBB , ≦10 4%W WBB , ≦103%W WBB , ≦102%W WBB , or ≦101%W WBB Toi ≦125%W WBB It can be said that W US Also, the above %W WBB Any of the values The range may be between and inclusive of the above.

[0045] 5A-5B illustrate, for example, the tolerance ring 10 shown in FIGS. 1-3 according to some embodiments. Assembly 2 is shown incorporating a 0. Assembly 2 may include, but is not limited to, a house The outer member 302 further includes an outer member 302 such as a ring. The outer member 302 extends along a central axis 600. The outer member 302 may have one axial end 305 and a second axial end 307. A bore 30 is formed to receive an inner member 306, such as, but not limited to, a stator. The bore 304 may include at least one radial or axial portion relative to the central axis 600. The inner member 306 has a first axial end 315 and a second axial end 317. In some embodiments, the inner member 306 generates heat. Component 306 may be part of a subassembly that generates heat through radiation, conduction, or convection. The tolerance ring 100 is used to provide a fit between the outer member 302 and the inner member 306. The tolerance ring 100 may be attached to the inner or outer member 302, 303 in the assembly 2. When the other components 302, 306 are attached to the other components 302, 306, the protrusions 120 act as guides to assist in axial placement of the other components 302, 306. In some embodiments, the protrusion 12 of the tolerance ring 100 0 points radially outward in assembly 2 toward the housing or outer member 302 In some embodiments, the protrusions 120 of the tolerance ring 100 may be or radially inward in assembly 2 toward inner member 306. The rotor 2 may also include a rotor 350. The rotor 350 extends along a central axis 600. The rotor 350 may have a first axial end 355 and a second axial end 357. The rotor 350 may include a rotor 351 and a plurality of blades 352. It rotates or moves within the bore 304 to generate or generate torque about the rotor axis. Electrical assemblies (including but not limited to alternator assemblies) and motors In assemblies such as engine assemblies, clutch assemblies, and retention mechanisms It can also generate electricity.

[0046] In some embodiments, the annular gap 206 is formed between the outer surface 308 of the inner member 306 and The size of this annular gap 206 may be between the inner surface 310 of the bore 304 and the inner The diameter of the member 306 and bore 304 may vary within the tolerance ring dimensions listed above. In some embodiments, the tolerance ring 100 includes an inner member 306 and the outer member 302, and is compressed radially outward and Adapted to apply an inward radial force to the inner member 306 to maintain their relative position. The inner radius R R1 and outer radius R R2 In some embodiments, the tolerance The sling 100 is secured to at least one of the inner member 306 or the outer member 302. In some embodiments, the tolerance ring 100 may be a form fit, a pressure fit, or or via bonding (including but not limited to adhesive bonding) to the inner member 306 or The adhesive may be fixed to at least one of the outer members 302. Not limited to, but includes fluoropolymers, epoxy resins, polyimide resins, polyether / polyamide Ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), E TFE copolymer, perfluoroalkoxy (PFA), or any combination thereof The adhesive may comprise any known adhesive material common in the annular member art, including To prevent the inner member 306 from vibrating at the annular gap 206, a tolerance ring 10 is provided. The tolerance ring 100 can be embedded to form a zero clearance fit between the components. , the gap between the parts 302 and 306 in the assembly 2 is zeroed so that there is no clearance between them. It can be reduced to b.

[0047] In one embodiment, the outer member 302 is a rotating electric motor, generator, or alternator. The material may comprise any material commonly used in the art of transceiver assemblies. The outer member 302 may be any suitable material having sufficient rigidity to withstand axial and longitudinal forces. In certain embodiments, the outer member 302 is injection molded. In another embodiment, the outer member 302 may comprise a machined polymer. metals or alloys formed by processes (including but not limited to aluminum, zinc, Copper, magnesium, tin, platinum, titanium, tungsten, lead, iron, bronze, steel, spring steel, In yet another embodiment, the outer member 302 may comprise a The outer member 302 may comprise a single one part, two parts, or a part connected by welding, adhesive, fasteners, threading or any other suitable fastening means It may be made from several parts joined together by steps.

[0048] In one embodiment, the outer member 302 is at least 5 mm from the central axis 600. At least 10mm, at least 15mm, at least 20mm, at least 30mm, Inner radius R of at least 40 mm OC1 The inner radius R OC1 5mm or less, 10m It can be less than m, less than 15 mm, less than 20 mm, less than 30 mm, and less than 40 mm. outer member 302 is at least 5mm, at least 10mm, at least 15mm, at least 2 Outer radius R of 0mm, at least 30mm, at least 40mm OC2 The outer radius R OC2 is 5mm or less, 10mm or less, 15mm or less, 20mm or less, 30mm or less, It can be 40mm or less.

[0049] In one embodiment, the outer member 302 is 5 mm long, measured between the axial ends 115, 117. Shafts of m or less, 10 mm or less, 15 mm or less, 20 mm or less, 30 mm or less, and 40 mm or less Direction length L OC The outer member 302 may have a Measured at least 5mm, at least 10mm, at least 15mm, at least 2 0 mm, at least 30 mm, at least 40 mm axial length L OC It is possible to have Inner radius R OC1 is the axial length L OC The outer radius R OC2 is the axis Direction length L OC can vary along the

[0050] In one embodiment, the inner member 306 is a rotating electric motor, generator, or alternator. The material may comprise any material commonly used in the art of transceiver assemblies. The inner member 306 may be any suitable material having sufficient rigidity to withstand axial and longitudinal forces. In certain embodiments, the inner member 306 is injection molded. In another embodiment, the inner member 306 may comprise a machined polymer. metals or alloys formed by processes (including but not limited to aluminum, zinc, Copper, magnesium, tin, platinum, titanium, tungsten, lead, iron, bronze, steel, spring steel, In yet another embodiment, the inner member 306 may comprise a The inner member 306 may comprise a single one part, two parts, or a part connected by welding, adhesive, fasteners, threading or any other suitable fastening means It may be made from several parts joined together by steps.

[0051] In one embodiment, the inner member 306 is at least 5 mm from the central axis 600. At least 10mm, at least 15mm, at least 20mm, at least 30mm, Inner radius R of at least 40 mm IC1 The inner radius R IC1 5mm or less, 10m The inner member can be 15 mm or less, 20 mm or less, 30 mm or less, or 40 mm or less. 306 is at least 5mm, at least 10mm, at least 15mm, at least 2 Outer radius R of 0mm, at least 30mm, at least 40mm IC2 The outer radius R IC2 is 5mm or less, 10mm or less, 15mm or less, 20mm or less, 30mm or less, It can be 40mm or less.

[0052] In one embodiment, the inner member 306 is 5 mm long, measured between the axial ends 115, 117. Shafts of m or less, 10 mm or less, 15 mm or less, 20 mm or less, 30 mm or less, and 40 mm or less Direction length L IC The inner member 306 may have a length between the axial ends 115, 117. Measured at least 5mm, at least 10mm, at least 15mm, at least 2 0 mm, at least 30 mm, at least 40 mm axial length LIC It is possible to have Inner radius R IC1 is the axial length L IC The outer radius R OC2 is the axis Direction length L IC can vary along the

[0053] In use, band 102 of tolerance ring 100 is attached to part 302 of assembly 2. , 306. The other of the components 302, 306 is The tolerance ring is compressed in the gap 206 between 302 and 306, preferably at the protrusion 1. The assembly 2 can be mounted such that only the projection 120 is deformed. Depending on the shape and / or profile and the size of the gap 206, it may be elastic or plastic. do.

[0054] In some embodiments, the tolerance ring 100 (including the substrate 119 and the coating layer 104) The inner member 306 and the outer member 302 may be thermally conductive. In this form, the thermal conductivity is 1000W / m 2 K or less, 750W / m 2 K or less, 500W / m 2 K or less, 400W / m 2 K or less, 300W / m 2 K or less, 250W / m 2 Below K, 200W / m 2 K or less, 150W / m 2 K or less, 125W / m 2 K or less, 100W / m 2 K or less, 75W / m 2 K or less, 50W / m 2 K or less, 25W / m 2 K or less, 10W / m 2 K or less, or 5W / m 2In some embodiments, the thermal conductivity may be at least At least 10W / m 2 K, at least 25 W / m 2 K, at least 50 W / m 2 K, less Both 75W / m 2 K, at least 100 W / m 2 K, at least 125 W / m 2 K, small At most 150W / m 2 K, at least 200 W / m 2 K, at least 250 W / m 2 K. At least 300W / m 2 K, at least 400 W / m 2 K, at least 500 W / m 2 K, at least 750 W / m 2 K, at least 1000 W / m 2 K, at least 1500 W / m 2 In some embodiments, the thermal conductivity may be at least 300 W / m 2 K and 600W / m 2 It can be in the range of K or less.

[0055] In some embodiments, the covering layer 104 (thermally enhancing layer 104a or retaining layer 104b) The inner member 306 and the outer member 302 are connected to each other through a heat exchanger 306. In some embodiments, the contact conductance is 1000 W / m·K or less. 750W / m·K or less, 500W / m·K or less, 400W / m·K or less, 300W / m· K or less, 250W / m K or less, 200W / m K or less, 150W / m K or less, 125 W / m K or less, 100 W / m K or less, 75 W / m K or less, 50 W / m K or less, 2 5W / m·K or less, 10W / m 2 K or less, or 5 W / m K or less. In the form, the thermal conductivity is at least 10 W / m K, at least 25 W / m K, At least 50W / m K, at least 75W / m K, at least 100W / m K, At least 125W / m K, at least 150W / m K, at least 200W / m K , at least 250W / m·K, at least 300W / m·K, at least 400W / m ·K, at least 500W / m·K, at least 750W / m·K, at least 1000 In some embodiments, the heat transfer coefficient may be at least 1500 W / m·K. The conductivity may be in the range of at least 300 W / m·K and up to 600 W / m·K.

[0056] In some embodiments, the covering layer 104 (thermally enhancing layer 104a or retaining layer 104b) In some embodiments, the hardness of the at least one of the hardnesses may be a Vickers hardness. , Vickers hardness is 600VPM or less, 550VPM or less, 500VPM or less, 450 VPM or less, 400VPM or less, 350VPM or less, 300VPM or less, 325VPM or more Lower, 315VPM or less, 300VPM or less, 250VPM or less, 200VPM or less, 15 It may be 0 VPM or less, 100 VPM or less, or 50 VPM or less. The Vickers hardness is at least 50 VPM, at least 75 VPM, at least 1 00VPM, at least 150VPM, at least 200VPM, at least 250V M, at least 300VPM, at least 350VPM, at least 400VPM, At least 450VPM, at least 500VPM, at least 550VPM, at least 6 00 VPM, at least 650 VPM, or at least 700 VPM. In this state, the Vickers hardness is in the range of at least 300 VPM and not more than 400 VPM. It is possible.

[0057] In one embodiment, the tolerance ring 100 is configured to have a thickness of 100 mm relative to the member 306 and the outer member 302. and at least 2 kgf, at least 3 kgf, at least 4 kgf, or less in the longitudinal direction. At least 5kgf, at least 10kgf, or even at least 15kgf Assembly force A of at least 1 kgf f The assembly 2 can be installed or assembled by In further embodiments, the assembly 2 has a weight of 19 kgf or less, 18 kgf or less, 17 kgf or less. Assembly force A of 20 kg or less, such as 16 kgf or less f Installed or can be assembled.

[0058] In one embodiment, the tolerance ring 100 is configured to have a thickness of 100 mm relative to the member 306 and the outer member 302. and at least 2 kgf, at least 3 kgf, at least 4 kgf, or less in the longitudinal direction. At least 5kgf, at least 10kgf, or even at least 15kgf Holding force R of at least 1 kgf f In a further embodiment, tolerance The sling 100 may be rated for 19 kgf or less, 18 kgf or less, 17 kgf or less, or even 16 kgf or less. kgf or less, with a holding force R of 20 kg or less f Some embodiments can provide: In R f >0.2A f , R f >0.3A f , R f >0.4A f , R f >0.5A f , R f >0.6Af , R f >0.7A f , R f >0.8A f , R f >0.9A f , or R f >1A f R f >0.1A f is.

[0059] In some embodiments, the tolerance ring 100 (including the substrate 119 and the coating layer 104) The thickness of the inner and outer members 306 and 302 is at least 10%, at least 2 5%, at least 35%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 92%, at least 95%, at least 97%, at least 99%, At least 5% of the annular contact surface, such as at least 99.5%, or at least 99.9% In some embodiments, the tolerance ring 100 (including the substrate 119 and The thickness of the insulating layer 104 (including the coating layer 104) between the inner member 306 and the outer member 302 is 99.5% or less. 99% or less, 97% or less, 95% or less, 92% or less, 90% or less, 85% or less, 80% or less lower, 75% or less, 70% or less, 65% or less, 60% or less, 50% or less, 35% or less, 25 %, 10% or less, or 5% or less. In some embodiments, the tolerance ring 100 (including the substrate 119 and the coating layer 104) The thickness of the inner member 306 and the outer member 302 is within a range of 70% to 99.5%. The contact area ratio may be as follows:

[0060] In some embodiments, the tolerance ring 100 (including the substrate 119 and the coating layer 104) (including) is the outer member 302 and 0.9 or less, 0.8 or less, 0.7 or less, 0.6 or less, 0. 0.95, such as 0.5 or less, 0.4 or less, 0.3 or less, 0.2 or less, or even 0.1 or less In some embodiments, the tolerance ring 100 (substrate 119 and the coating layer 104) and the outer member 302, 0.07 or more, 0.1 or more, 0 0.05 or greater, such as 0.15 or greater, 0.2 or greater, 0.25 or greater, or even 0.3 or greater In some embodiments, the tolerance ring 100 (substrate 119 and coating layer 104) with outer member 302 has a friction coefficient in the range of 0.12 to 0.95. It may have several μ.

[0061] In some embodiments, the cover layer 104 (including at least the retainer layer 104b) has an outer The side member 302 and the thickness of the side member 302 are 0.9 or less, 0.8 or less, 0.7 or less, 0.6 or less, 0.5 or less, 0. A friction coefficient of 0.95 or less, such as 4 or less, 0.3 or less, 0.2 or less, or even 0.1 or less In some embodiments, the cover layer 104 (at least the support layer 104 b) is the outer member 302 and 0.07 or more, 0.1 or more, 0.15 or more, 0.2 or more The friction coefficient may be 0.05 or greater, such as 0.25 or greater, or even 0.3 or greater. In some embodiments, the cover layer 104 (including at least the retainer layer 104b) has an outer The member 302 may have a coefficient of friction μ1 in the range of 0.12 to 0.95.

[0062] In some embodiments, the substrate 119 has a thickness of 0.9 or less, 0.8 or more, with respect to the outer member 302. below, 0.7 or less, 0.6 or less, 0.5 or less, 0.4 or less, 0.3 or less, 0.2 or less, or It may even have a coefficient of friction μ of 0.95 or less, such as 0.1 or less. In this case, the substrate 119 has a thickness of 0.07 or more, 0.1 or more, 0.15 or more, or a coefficient of friction μ2 of 0.05 or greater, such as 0.2 or greater, 0.25 or greater, or even 0.3 or greater In some embodiments, the substrate 119 may have a thickness of 0.12 to 1.5 mm. In some embodiments, μ > μ, μ1>1.1μ2, μ1>1.2μ2, μ1>1.5μ2, μ1>2μ2, or μ1>3 μ1>μ2, such as μ2.

[0063] In some embodiments, the tolerance ring 100 (including the substrate 119 and the coating layer 104) (including) is at least about 2 microns, or about 5 microns, at least about 10 microns, or and further have a surface roughness of at least about 1 micron, such as at least about 100 microns. The surface of the tolerance ring 100 (including the substrate 119 and the coating layer 104) Roughness of about 150 microns or less, about 100 microns or less, or even about 80 microns or less In some embodiments, the thickness may be about 200 microns or less. The sling 100 (including the substrate 119 and the coating layer 104) has a thickness in the range of 1 to 100 microns. The surface roughness may be within the range of 1000 nm to 1000 nm.

[0064] In some embodiments, the tolerance ring 100 may include an inner or outer member 302, 303. For example, the tolerance ring 100 may be secured to one of the bands 102. In this example, the cover layer 104 may be secured or held to the inner member 306 by a The protrusions 120 are provided only on the inner surface of the band 102, and extend from the band 102, e.g. The outer surface may extend radially outward toward the side member 302. may not have the cover layer 104, thereby providing more resistance to relative movement. Unwanted movement of the tolerance ring 100 within the bore 304 can be prevented. Additionally, unwanted movement within the bore 304 of the outer member 302 or the inner member 306 may be prevented. In some embodiments, the interface between the outer member 302 and the outer surface of the band 102 is provides sufficient friction to hold the tolerance ring 100 in place against the outer member 302. The tolerance ring 100 has a contact area between its surface and the band 102. The outer member 302 or the inner member 306 can be fixed by frictional engagement. , and a gap is formed between the outer member 302 and the inner member 306 for fitting the tolerance ring 100. The radial, axial or circumferential movement is very small, nearly non-existent or non-existent. A forward compression is applied.

[0065] The tolerance ring 100 provides the spring member characteristics required for the particular force control application for which it is intended. The tolerance ring may be formed with a protrusion 120 that may be designed to The tolerance ring geometry variation alone accounts for the range of typical performance. It can be designed to satisfy force control functions that are not possible within the system.

[0066] Typically, the mating members of the assembly 2 and the protrusions 120 of the tolerance ring are These themselves have dimensional variability within a predetermined tolerance. The amount, and therefore the force generated within the assembly 2, may vary from assembly to assembly. However, when the protrusions 120 are compressed beyond their "elastic region", they gradually become more The material behaves more plastically and limits the further increase in force due to further compression. If the sections 120 are designed to be compressed into their "plastic region", the tolerance ring The slider 100 applies sliding force control (either axial or rotational) to control the force change due to compression fluctuation. This can be important when minimizing movement.

[0067] As mentioned above, the protrusions 120 are positioned to protrude away from the band 102. There may be multiple individual contact surfaces with one of the side and outer members 302, 306. The protrusions 120 may be configured to deform or compress, which dissipates the load forces inward and outward. Individual connections that are radially transmitted within the tolerance ring 100 between the members 302, 306 The shape and size of each protrusion 120 may be determined based on the particular application. In some embodiments, the protrusions 120 may be located on the inner and outer members 30. 2, 306 and provide radial stiffness therebetween. In some variations, the trailer may be capable of transmitting directional forces (e.g., 200 N or more). The sling projections 120 provide a force of approximately 1200 N / m between the inner and outer members 302, 306. m or more, approximately 1300N / mm or more, approximately 1500N / mm or more, approximately 1700N / mm or more, Approx. 2000N / mm or more, Approx. 2100N / mm or more, Approx. 2200N / mm or more, Approx. 230 0N / mm or more, approximately 2400N / mm or more, approximately 2500N / mm or more, approximately 3000N / m m or more, about 1100 N / mm, about 3500 N / mm, or even about 4000 N / mm or more In yet another embodiment, the radial stiffness may be about 1000 N / mm or more, such as 1000 N / mm or more. In this case, the tolerance ring protrusion 120 is located between the inner and outer members 302, 306 by approximately 7000N / mm or less, approximately 6500N / mm or less, approximately 6000N / mm or less, approximately 5500 N / mm or less, or even about 7500 N / mm or less, such as about 5000 N / mm or less Each protrusion 120 may provide directional stiffness. The footprint area may be relatively small, and the covering layer 104 At the same time, frictional force is reduced.

[0068] According to yet another aspect, a method includes providing an inner member 306 and an outer member 302. This method can provide a tolerance ring 100 by assembling an inner member 306 and an outer member 308. 2, and the tolerance ring may be disposed radially inward or radially outward. The tolerance ring has a plurality of protrusions protruding outward, and the tolerance ring is connected to the substrate, the thermal improvement layer, and the protection layer. and a covering layer including at least one of a thermal enhancement layer and a thermal enhancement layer having a bit width of <400 VPM. ii) a thermal conductivity of >100 W / m K; The sling provides: a) heat transfer between the inner and outer members; b) friction between the retaining layer and the outer member; Coefficient μ1 and coefficient μ2 of friction are given between the substrate and the outer member, μ1>μ2, or c ) Holding force R between the inner and outer members f , and at least one of The assembly is performed with an assembly force A f and R f >0.1A f is.

[0069] In some embodiments, the assembly 2 has low weight and Space requirements; good damping of impact, shock and vibration of assembly 2; low installation and maintenance effort reduction in part count or part complexity; tighter tolerance requirements; simpler assembly procedures; Simple mechanism; joint stiffness isolates bearings from stator vibrations reduced magnetic noise quality; improved grease-free operation; or corrosion resistance It differentiates itself from commonly used sliding or rotating assemblies by providing In some embodiments, the tolerance ring 100 comprises an inner member 306 and an outer member 308. By filling the microcavities on the surface of the member 302 with the coating layer 104 of the tolerance ring 100, Therefore, and / or by changing the shape of the protrusion 120, the inner member 306 or the outer member 30 By creating more contact with at least one of the two Increasing joint conductivity between components can provide improved heat transfer. In some embodiments, the tolerance ring 100 may be attached to the inner member 306 or The application of the coating layer 104 to at least one of the outer members 302 provides a This may provide improved retention with at least one of the side members 302 .

[0070] Many different aspects and embodiments are possible. Some of these aspects and embodiments are listed below. After reading this specification, those skilled in the art will readily understand these aspects and embodiments. It will be understood that the embodiments are merely illustrative and do not limit the scope of the present invention. The embodiment may be according to one or more of the embodiments listed above.

[0071] Embodiment 1: Substrate with Vickers hardness <400 VPM or thermal conductivity >100 W / m K and a coating layer having a thermal improvement layer having at least one of the properties. The thermal improvement layer has a plurality of protrusions that protrude inward or outward in the radial direction. a tolerance ring defining a portion of the outer surface of the tolerance ring. Embodiment 2: An inner member, an outer member, and a tolerance belt disposed between the inner member and the outer member. and a tolerance ring, the tolerance ring being positioned radially inward or radially outward. a plurality of protrusions protruding toward the substrate, and the tolerance ring includes a substrate and a covering layer including a retention layer. a) a tolerance ring having a coefficient of friction μ1 between the retaining layer and the outer member and a substrate A friction coefficient μ2 is applied between the outer member and the outer member, and μ1>μ2, or b) a tolerance ring The gasket creates a holding force R between the inner and outer members. f and the assembly is subjected to an assembly force A f of Has R f >0.1A f That is, assembly. Embodiment 3: A heat-generating inner member, an outer member, and a heat-generating inner member and an outer member disposed between the inner member and the outer member. and a tolerance ring, wherein the tolerance ring is The tolerance ring has a plurality of protrusions protruding radially outward, and the tolerance ring is connected to the substrate, the thermal improvement layer, and and a coating layer comprising a retaining layer, wherein the thermal enhancement layer has: i) a Vickers hardness of <400 VPM; or ii) at least one of a thermal conductivity of >100 W / m·K and a tolerance ring , to provide heat transfer between the inner member and the outer member, and a tolerance ring A friction coefficient μ1 is applied between the support layer and the outer member, and a friction coefficient μ2 is applied between the base material and the outer member. μ1>μ2, and the tolerance ring has a holding force R between the inner and outer members. f of Applying an assembly force A f and R f >0.1A f That is, assembly. Embodiment 4: The thermal enhancement layer has a Vickers hardness of <400 VPM and a Vickers hardness of >100 W / m K. 4. The tolerance ring of any one of embodiments 1 and 3, is assembly. Embodiment 5: The transmission according to any one of embodiments 1 to 4, wherein the protrusion protrudes radially outward. Tolerance ring or assembly. Embodiment 6: R f >0.4A f , R f >0.5A f , R f >0.6A f , R f >0.7A f , R f >0.8A f , R f >0.9A f or R f >1A f R f >0.35A f 6. The assembly of any one of embodiments 2 to 5, wherein Embodiment 7: Embodiment 2, wherein the inner member comprises a stator and the outer member comprises a housing Assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 6. Embodiment 8: Any one of embodiments 1-7, wherein the covering layer comprises a deposited coating. Item 10. A tolerance ring or assembly according to item 10. Embodiment 9: The method of any one of embodiments 1 to 8, wherein the coating layer comprises a cladding. Tolerance ring or assembly. Embodiment 10: The tolerance of any one of embodiments 1 to 9, wherein the substrate comprises steel. Ring or assembly. Embodiment 11: The trailer of embodiment 10, wherein the metal comprises carbon steel or stainless steel. sling or assembly. Embodiment 12: The thermal enhancement layer is made of zinc, copper, magnesium, nickel, tin, lead, aluminum. Any of embodiments 1 to 11, comprising a metal comprising at least one of aluminum or an alloy thereof. 10. The tolerance ring or assembly according to claim 1. Embodiment 13: An embodiment in which the coating layer has a thickness in the range of 10 microns to 200 microns. 13. The tolerance ring or assembly according to any one of aspects 1 to 12. Embodiment 14: An embodiment in which the substrate has a thickness in the range of 0.075 mm to 0.8 mm. 14. The tolerance ring or assembly according to any one of 1 to 13. Embodiment 15: A practical example in which the tolerance ring has an outer radius in the range of 3 mm to 150 mm. The tolerance ring or assembly according to any one of embodiments 1 to 14. Embodiment 16: Any of embodiments 1 to 15, wherein the tolerance ring has an axial gap. 10. The tolerance ring or assembly of claim 1. Embodiment 17: An embodiment in which the tolerance ring has a length in the range of 6 mm to 250 mm. 17. The tolerance ring or assembly according to any one of aspects 1 to 16. Embodiment 18: The protrusion deforms between the inner member and the outer member, as in embodiments 1 to 1. 8. A tolerance ring or assembly according to any one of claims 7 to 7.

[0072] This written description uses examples, including the best mode, to illustrate, but not limit, the scope of the present invention. The patentable scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims. The present invention is defined by the claims and may include other examples that may occur to one skilled in the art. If they have structural elements that are not different from the claim language, or if they are different from the claim language, If the difference between the literal and the structural elements is insubstantial, the claim is considered to be within the scope of the claim. For example, embodiments may be used in windshield wiper motors and tolerance ring coils. It may relate to rotary devices such as electric motors, axial sliding applications such as ram adjustment mechanisms, etc.

[0073] While only certain aspects of the embodiments have been shown and described, they are not intended to be limiting. Those skilled in the art will recognize that various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention. It will be clear to

Claims

1. A heat-generating inner member; An outer member; a tolerance ring disposed between the inner member and the outer member; An assembly comprising: the tolerance ring includes a plurality of protrusions that protrude radially inward or radially outward, The tolerance ring is A substrate; a coating layer comprising a thermally enhancing layer and a retention layer, the thermally enhancing layer enhancing thermal conductivity and having a Vickers hardness of <400 VPM, the tolerance ring providing heat transfer between the inner member and the outer member; An assembly, wherein the tolerance ring imparts a coefficient of friction μ 1 between the retention layer and the outer member and a coefficient of friction μ 2 between the substrate and the outer member, μ 1 > μ 2 , the tolerance ring imparts a retention force R f between the inner member and the outer member, the assembly having an assembly force A f , R f > 0.1A f , the retention force R f being the force required to hold the tolerance ring in a static state against at least one of the inner member or the outer member, and the assembly force A f being the force required to assemble the tolerance ring into the assembly with at least one of the inner member or the outer member.

2. The assembly described in claim 1, wherein the axial length of the tolerance ring is within the range of 6 mm to 250 mm.

3. An assembly as described in claim 1, wherein the protrusion protrudes radially outward.

4. The assembly of claim 1, wherein R f > 0.35A f .

5. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the inner member comprises a stator and the outer member comprises a housing.

6. The assembly described in claim 1, wherein the coating layer comprises a deposited coating.

7. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the coating layer comprises a cladding.

8. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the substrate comprises steel.

9. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the thermal enhancement layer comprises a metal comprising at least one of zinc, copper, magnesium, nickel, tin, lead, aluminum or an alloy thereof.

10. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the coating layer has a thickness in the range of 10 microns to 200 microns.

11. The assembly described in claim 1, wherein the substrate has a thickness in the range of 0.075 mm to 0.8 mm.

12. The assembly described in claim 1, wherein the tolerance ring has an outer radius within the range of 3 mm to 150 mm.

13. The assembly described in claim 1, wherein the tolerance ring has an axial gap.

14. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the protrusion deforms between the inner member and the outer member.

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