Organic light-emitting device, display device, and electronic device

Abstract

To provide an organic light-emitting device that reduces leakage current to an adjacent pixel and reduces unintended light emission.SOLUTION: An organic light-emitting device of the present disclosure has, on an insulating layer, a first lower electrode, a second lower electrode adjacent to the first lower electrode, an upper electrode, and an organic compound layer arranged between the first lower electrode and the upper electrode. The organic compound layer has a first luminous layer, a fourth organic compound layer with low LUMOs, and a fifth organic compound layer with higher LUMOs than the fourth organic compound layer. The orthogonal projection of the organic compound layer includes the orthogonal projection of the first lower electrode and the orthogonal projection of the second lower electrode. The orthogonal projection of the fourth organic compound layer is smaller than the orthogonal projection of the fifth organic compound layer.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a light-emitting device, a display device, and an electronic device in which leakage current between organic light-emitting elements is reduced. [Background technology]

[0002] An organic light-emitting device (also called an organic electroluminescent device (organic EL device)) is an electronic device having a pair of electrodes and an organic compound layer disposed between the electrodes. By injecting electrons and holes from the pair of electrodes, excitons of the light-emitting organic compound in the organic compound layer are generated, and when the excitons return to the ground state, the organic light-emitting device emits light.

[0003] Recent advances in organic light-emitting devices have been remarkable, with progress being made in lowering driving voltages, diversifying emission wavelengths, achieving high-speed response, and reducing the thickness and weight of light-emitting devices.

[0004] 7 shows a conventional organic light-emitting device 700. The organic light-emitting device 700 has a lower electrode 701, a first stack 704, a charge generation layer 705, a second stack 706, an upper electrode 707, a protective layer 708, and a planarization layer 709 on an insulating layer 701. When an electric field is applied between the lower electrode and the upper electrode, carriers are generated in the charge generation layer and supplied to the first stack and the second stack, allowing both the light-emitting layer included in the first stack and the light-emitting layer included in the second stack to emit light efficiently.

[0005] Patent Document 1 describes an organic light-emitting device having multiple stacks between a first electrode and a second electrode, and a charge generation layer between the multiple stacks. It also describes that by forming a blue light-emitting layer as a common layer without dividing it between each sub-pixel, it is possible to reduce the number of times high-definition masks are used. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0006] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2020-004970 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0007] In Patent Document 1, as shown in Figure 7, a charge generation layer disposed between multiple stacks is provided continuously and commonly between pixels. However, since the charge generation layer generates charges when an electric field is applied, charges are also generated between subpixels when an electric field is applied. The generated charges can reach adjacent pixels due to the organic layer that is not divided between the subpixels, which can cause unintended light emission.

[0008] The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and has an object to provide an organic light-emitting element in which unintended light emission is reduced by reducing the region in which charges are generated. [Means for solving the problem]

[0009] The present invention provides a light-emitting device including a first lower electrode, a second lower electrode adjacent to the first lower electrode, an upper electrode, and an organic compound layer disposed between the first lower electrode and the upper electrode, on an insulating layer; a pixel isolation layer covering an edge of the first lower electrode; and the first lower electrode includes a first region in contact with the organic compound layer and a second region in contact with the pixel separation layer; the organic compound layer includes a first light-emitting layer, a fourth organic compound layer containing a compound having a lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy of −5.0 eV or less, and a fifth organic compound layer having a lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy higher than that of the fourth organic compound layer; an orthogonal projection of the organic compound layer onto the insulating layer includes an orthogonal projection of the first lower electrode onto the insulating layer and an orthogonal projection of the second lower electrode onto the insulating layer; an orthogonal projection of the fourth organic compound layer onto the insulating layer is smaller than an orthogonal projection of the fifth organic compound layer onto the insulating layer; Ku, an orthogonal projection of the fourth organic compound layer onto the insulating layer is smaller than an orthogonal projection of the first region onto the insulating layer; An organic light emitting device is provided. [Effects of the Invention]

[0010] According to the present invention, an organic light-emitting element can be provided in which unintended light emission is reduced by reducing the region in which charges are generated. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0011] [Figure 1] 1A is a schematic cross-sectional view of an organic light-emitting device according to one embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 1B is a schematic cross-sectional view of an organic light-emitting device according to one embodiment of the present invention, showing an example in which a microlens is added. [Figure 2] 1A is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example in which a first organic compound layer of an organic light-emitting device according to one embodiment of the present invention is not shared by a plurality of organic light-emitting elements, and a third organic compound layer of an organic light-emitting device according to one embodiment of the present invention is not shared by a plurality of organic light-emitting elements, and FIG. 1B is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example in which a second organic compound layer of an organic light-emitting device according to one embodiment of the present invention is not shared by a plurality of organic light-emitting elements, and [Figure 3] FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view showing an example in which the vertex of a microlens, the midpoint of the opening in the pixel separation layer, and the midpoint of the first organic compound layer of an organic light-emitting device according to one embodiment of the present invention are located at different positions. [Figure 4] 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of an optical resonator structure formed using a light-reflecting layer, a transparent insulating layer, and a color filter in an organic light-emitting device according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 5] 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating an example in which a first organic compound layer of an organic light-emitting device according to one embodiment of the present invention is in contact with a lower electrode. [Figure 6] FIG. 2 is a plan view showing an example of a deposition mask for manufacturing a light-emitting device according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 7] FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a conventional example of an organic light-emitting device having a charge generation layer. [Figure 8] 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating an example of a display device according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 9] 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a display device according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 10]1A is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of an imaging device according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 1B is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 11] 1A is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a display device according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 1B is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a foldable display device. [Figure 12] 1A is a schematic diagram showing an example of an illumination device according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 1B is a schematic diagram showing an example of an automobile having a vehicle lamp according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 13] 1A is a schematic diagram showing an example of a wearable device according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 1B is a schematic diagram showing an example of a wearable device according to an embodiment of the present invention, having an imaging device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0012] The organic light-emitting device according to the present invention is a light-emitting device having a first lower electrode and an upper electrode on an insulating layer, and an organic compound layer disposed between the first lower electrode and the upper electrode, and has the following configuration.

[0013] The organic compound layer includes a first light-emitting layer, a second light-emitting layer disposed between the first light-emitting layer and the upper electrode, and a first organic compound layer disposed between the first light-emitting layer and the second light-emitting layer. The first organic compound layer includes a second organic compound layer containing an alkali metal, and a third organic compound layer disposed between the second organic compound layer and the upper electrode and containing a compound with a lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy of −5.0 eV or less. The orthogonal projection of the third organic compound layer onto the insulating layer is smaller than the orthogonal projection of the first light-emitting layer onto the insulating layer. Because the orthogonal projection of the third organic compound layer onto the insulating layer is small, charge generation is reduced compared to conventional devices, reducing unintended light emission. Preferably, the first organic compound layer is disposed only in regions intended to emit light, and the first organic compound layer is not disposed in regions not intended to emit light, i.e., between light-emitting elements. The region without the first organic compound layer refers to a region without at least one of the second organic compound layer and the third organic compound layer, although either one may be disposed.

[0014] In this specification, a light-emitting device has a plurality of pixels. Each pixel has sub-pixels that emit different colors. The sub-pixels may emit different colors by separating light using color filters, or by emitting light from different light-emitting elements within the sub-pixels. When a light-emitting device has organic light-emitting elements, it may be called an organic light-emitting device.

[0015] Each subpixel has an organic light-emitting element and a pixel circuit that controls the light-emitting brightness and light-emitting period of the organic light-emitting element. The organic light-emitting element is an element that has a lower electrode, an organic compound layer, an upper electrode, a protective layer, and a resin layer in this order, and in some cases further includes components such as a color filter and optical components such as lenses. The edges of the lower electrode are covered with a pixel separation layer. The pixel separation layer is provided in contact with the edges and side surfaces of the lower electrode. If the resin layer is provided for the purpose of planarization, it may be called a planarization layer.

[0016] The light-emitting layer of an organic light-emitting device may be named according to the color of the light it emits, for example, a light-emitting layer that emits blue light is called a blue light-emitting layer.

[0017] The lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy is an energy inherent to organic compounds and is also called the LUMO (Lowest Unocuppied Molecular Orbital). The LUMO can be estimated from the reduction potential of an organic compound, or the difference between the band gap and the HOMO. The HOMO (Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital) is the highest occupied molecular orbital energy, and is an energy value inherent to organic compounds. The HOMO can also be estimated from the ionization potential.

[0018] An organic light-emitting device according to one embodiment of the present invention will be described below. The present invention is not limited to the following description, and it will be readily understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications in form and detail can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention should not be interpreted as being limited to the description of the embodiment shown below.

[0019] For ease of understanding, the position, size, range, etc. of each component shown in the drawings may not represent the actual position, size, range, etc. Therefore, the disclosed invention is not necessarily limited to the position, size, range, etc. disclosed in the drawings, etc.

[0020] [First embodiment] FIG. 1(a) is a cross-sectional view of an organic light-emitting device according to this embodiment. The organic light-emitting device 100 includes an insulating layer 101, multiple lower electrodes 102, a pixel separation layer 103, an organic compound layer 104, an upper electrode 110, a protective layer 111, and a resin layer 112 on a substrate. The configuration of a single lower electrode, the pixel separation layer covering it, the organic compound layer, the upper electrode, the protective layer, and the resin layer is sometimes referred to as an organic light-emitting element. While only the rightmost organic light-emitting element in FIG. 1 is labeled, it is understood that the same reference numerals are used for other organic light-emitting elements with similar configurations. The multiple lower electrodes include a first lower electrode and a second lower electrode. FIG. 1(b) is a cross-sectional view of an organic light-emitting device, showing a configuration in which a microlens 113 is further added. The organic light-emitting device according to this embodiment may or may not include a microlens.

[0021] The organic compound layer 104 includes an organic compound layer 105 including a first light-emitting layer, an organic compound layer 106 including a second light-emitting layer, and a first organic compound layer 107, and is shared by a plurality of organic light-emitting elements. It can also be said that the organic compound layer 104 is provided in common to a plurality of organic light-emitting elements. More specifically, the orthogonal projection of one organic compound layer onto the insulating layer overlaps with the orthogonal projections of a plurality of lower electrodes onto the insulating layers.

[0022] The first organic compound layer 107 includes a second organic compound layer 108 containing an alkali metal, and a third organic compound layer 109 disposed between the second organic compound layer and the upper electrode. The third organic compound layer 109 includes a compound having a lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy of −5.0 eV or less.

[0023] The first organic compound layer 107 can function as a charge generation layer because it contains a combination of an alkali metal and a compound having a lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy of −5.0 eV or less. The alkali metal may be Li, and Li may be contained as a metal, as part of a compound, or as part of an organometallic complex. The compound having a lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy of −5.0 eV or less may be, but is not limited to, a hexaazatriphenylene compound, a radialene compound, hexafluoroquinodimethane, etc. The lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy is low enough to extract an electron from the highest occupied molecular orbital of the second organic compound layer, thereby enabling charge generation.

[0024] In this embodiment, the lower electrode 102 is an anode, and therefore the first organic compound layer is formed in the order of the second organic compound layer and the third organic compound layer from the insulating layer side. When the lower electrode 102 is a cathode, the first organic compound layer may be formed in the order of the third organic compound layer and the second organic compound layer from the lower electrode side. In other words, the third organic compound layer can be said to be disposed between the second organic compound layer and the anode.

[0025] In this embodiment, the first organic compound layers are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with the lower electrodes, i.e., a so-called side-by-side configuration is adopted. More specifically, the orthogonal projection of each first organic compound layer onto the insulating layer is included in the orthogonal projection of each lower electrode onto the insulating layer.

[0026] The first light-emitting layer may emit any of the three primary colors. The first light-emitting layer may consist of one layer or multiple layers. The second light-emitting layer may emit any of the three primary colors. The first light-emitting layer and the second light-emitting layer may emit white light, which may be separated by a color filter or the like.

[0027] For example, when the lower electrode is light-reflective to obtain the effect of optical interference, the blue light-emitting layer, green light-emitting layer, and red light-emitting layer may be arranged in wavelength order from the lower electrode. Taking into consideration the charge balance of the light-emitting element, the red light-emitting layer, green light-emitting layer, and blue light-emitting layer may be arranged. The above combination of light-emitting layers may be divided into a first light-emitting layer and a second light-emitting layer. For example, a red light-emitting layer and a green light-emitting layer may be provided as the first light-emitting layer, and a blue light-emitting layer may be provided as the second light-emitting layer. Alternatively, a red light-emitting layer may be provided as the first light-emitting layer, and a green light-emitting layer and a blue light-emitting layer may be provided as the second light-emitting layer.

[0028] The pixel separation layer 103 is an insulating layer covering the edge of the first lower electrode 102. The first lower electrode 102 includes a first region in contact with the organic compound layer 104 and a second region in contact with the pixel separation layer 103. The first region is also called an opening in the pixel separation layer.

[0029] The orthogonal projection of the first organic compound layer 107 onto the insulating layer 101 may be larger or smaller than the orthogonal projection of the first region onto the insulating layer. The size of the first organic compound layer 107 or the first region, whichever has the smaller orthogonal projection onto the insulating layer, is the size of the light-emitting region.

[0030] The size relationship between the first organic compound layer 107 and the first region is preferably determined by the size relationship between the first region and an alignment error during deposition.

[0031] When the positional accuracy of forming the first organic compound layer 107 is low, the orthogonal projection of the first organic compound layer onto the insulating layer 101 is preferably smaller than that of the first region. In this case, the orthogonal projection of the first organic compound layer 107 onto the insulating layer 101 is smaller than the orthogonal projection of the first region onto the insulating layer 101. Furthermore, the orthogonal projection of the third organic compound layer 109 onto the insulating layer 101 may be made smaller than the orthogonal projection of the first region onto the insulating layer 101, thereby reducing the orthogonal projection of the first organic compound layer onto the insulating layer.

[0032] On the other hand, if the positional accuracy of forming the first organic compound layer 107 is high, the orthogonal projection of the first organic compound layer onto the insulating layer is preferably larger than that of the first region. The positional accuracy may take into consideration an alignment error between the deposition substrate and the deposition mask. Depending on the magnitude of the alignment error, the above relationship may vary.

[0033] The upper electrode 110 may be a light-transmitting electrode. The upper electrode is shared by a plurality of organic light-emitting elements. It can also be said that the upper electrode is provided in common to a plurality of organic light-emitting elements.

[0034] The protective layer 111 is provided on the upper electrode 111 to prevent moisture, oxygen, etc. from penetrating into the organic light-emitting element. The protective layer may be an organic layer or an inorganic layer, and may be a single layer or multiple layers. Both organic and inorganic layers may be used. The protective layer is also called a sealing layer.

[0035] The resin layer 112 is provided on a protective layer. The protective layer may have unevenness due to the configuration of the organic light-emitting element, such as a pixel separation film, and this layer reduces the unevenness. Due to the function of the resin layer, it may be called a planarization layer. A color filter, a microlens, a light-transmitting substrate, etc. may be provided on the planarization layer. A resin layer may be provided between each of these. This resin layer may be the same as or different from the resin layer 112.

[0036] The microlens 113 is provided on the resin layer. The microlens can improve the light extraction efficiency of the organic light-emitting device and change the emission direction of the emitted light. The microlens can also concentrate the light emitted from the organic light-emitting element to the front. In other words, while light emitted from the organic compound layer is emitted in all directions, the microlens can increase the light emission in the direction perpendicular to the insulating layer. Therefore, even if the light-emitting region is made small, the brightness in the front direction can be maintained high. Furthermore, even if the position of the light-emitting region varies due to variations in the formation position of the first organic compound layer, the microlens can maintain high brightness in the front direction.

[0037] The organic light-emitting element 114 having the above configuration may be connected to a pixel circuit (not shown) via an insulating layer 101. The pixel circuit has a transistor and controls the light emission luminance and light emission period of the organic light-emitting element. The transistor in the pixel circuit may be a transistor formed by doping impurities into a Si substrate, or a thin-film transistor. Since the pixel circuit controls the light emission luminance and light emission period of each organic light-emitting element, it can be controlled as an active matrix type. The pixel circuit may also be a passive type without a transistor.

[0038] The organic light-emitting device according to this embodiment has a so-called separate-color or side-by-side configuration in which the first organic compound layer 107 is provided for each subpixel. This reduces unnecessary charges generated by the first organic compound layer, thereby reducing leakage current to adjacent subpixels or pixels. This allows the organic light-emitting device according to this embodiment to reduce unintended light emission.

[0039] [Second embodiment] Figure 2 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of an organic light-emitting device according to this embodiment. The organic light-emitting device according to this embodiment shown in Figure 2(a) is the same as that of the first embodiment, except that the second organic compound layer 108 is shared by multiple organic light-emitting elements. In Figure 2, only the rightmost organic light-emitting element is labeled, but it will be understood that the same symbols are also used for other organic light-emitting elements with similar configurations.

[0040] Being provided so as to be shared by a plurality of organic light-emitting elements means being provided so as to cover a plurality of lower electrodes. Specifically, the orthogonal projection of one second organic compound layer onto the insulating layer can be said to overlap the orthogonal projection of a plurality of lower electrodes onto the insulating layer. The second organic compound layer is shared by a plurality of organic light-emitting elements, but the third organic compound layer is not shared by a plurality of organic light-emitting elements, so the first organic compound layer 107 is not shared by a plurality of organic light-emitting elements. Similarly, the third organic compound layer may be shared by a plurality of organic light-emitting elements, but the second organic compound layer may not be shared by a plurality of organic light-emitting elements. Figure 2(b) is a cross-sectional schematic diagram showing an example in which the second organic compound layer is not shared by a plurality of organic light-emitting elements, among examples in which the first organic compound layer is not shared by a plurality of organic light-emitting elements of an organic light-emitting device according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0041] Since the alkali metal contained in the second organic compound layer has a high deposition temperature, when the second organic compound layer is formed by deposition as a layer that is not shared by multiple organic light-emitting elements, i.e., as a separate color layer, the deposition temperature becomes higher than the temperature at which the organic compound is deposited. Since a high deposition temperature may affect the deposition mask required for separate coloring, it is preferable to separate the third organic compound layer rather than the second organic compound layer.

[0042] Although the organic light-emitting device according to this embodiment is described as being provided with a microlens, it is not necessary to provide a microlens.

[0043] According to this embodiment, the effects of the first embodiment can be obtained more simply than when both the second organic compound layer and the third organic compound layer are provided for each sub-pixel. Specifically, leakage current to adjacent sub-pixels or pixels can be reduced, and unintended light emission can be reduced.

[0044] [Third embodiment] FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of an organic light-emitting device according to this embodiment. The organic light-emitting device of this embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that, in a cross section perpendicular to the insulating layer, the vertex 115 of the microlens is disposed between the midpoint of the first region of the lower electrode and the midpoint of the first organic compound layer in a direction parallel to the insulating layer. As described above, the first region of the lower electrode is also referred to as the opening of the pixel separation layer. In FIG. 3, only the rightmost organic light-emitting element is labeled, but it will be understood that the same symbols are also used for other organic light-emitting elements with similar configurations.

[0045] In the organic light-emitting device of this embodiment, in a cross section perpendicular to the insulating layer, a midpoint 117 of the first organic compound layer in a direction parallel to the insulating layer is at a different position in the direction parallel to the insulating layer from a vertex 115 of the microlens. Also, in a cross section perpendicular to the insulating layer, a midpoint 117 of the first organic compound layer in a direction parallel to the insulating layer is at a different position in the direction parallel to the insulating layer from a midpoint 116 of the first region of the lower electrode in a direction parallel to the insulating layer.

[0046] Depending on the application of the organic light-emitting device, the microlenses may be arranged as shown in Fig. 3. In this case, the arrangement as in this embodiment is preferable because both the light emitted from the first light-emitting layer and the light emitted from the second light-emitting layer are efficiently utilized by the microlenses. "As in this embodiment" means that, in a cross section perpendicular to the insulating layer, the vertex 115 of the microlens is arranged between the midpoint of the first region of the lower electrode and the midpoint of the first organic compound layer in the direction parallel to the insulating layer.

[0047] When the first organic compound layer is provided as shown in FIG. 3 using a deposition mask, misalignment of the deposition mask may occur, and therefore the configuration of the organic light-emitting device of this embodiment is preferable.

[0048] 3, the entire first organic compound layer is provided for each organic light-emitting element as in the first embodiment, but the second organic compound layer may be shared by a plurality of organic light-emitting elements as in the second embodiment. In other words, the third organic compound layer may be provided in a form of separate coatings.

[0049] [Fourth embodiment] Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of an organic light-emitting device according to this embodiment. The organic light-emitting device of this embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that the organic light-emitting element has a light-reflecting electrode 119 and a transparent insulating layer 120 between the lower electrode and the insulating layer, and has a color filter 121. In Fig. 4, only the rightmost organic light-emitting element is labeled, but it is understood that the organic light-emitting elements on the left and center have the same configuration.

[0050] Of the three organic light-emitting devices shown in FIG. 4 , the first organic light-emitting device shown on the far right has a first light-reflecting layer and a first transparent insulating layer between the first lower electrode and the insulating layer. It also has a first color filter that transmits a first emission wavelength on the protective layer. Of the three organic light-emitting devices shown in FIG. 4 , the second organic light-emitting device shown in the center has a second light-reflecting layer and a second transparent insulating layer between the second lower electrode and the insulating layer. It also has a second color filter that transmits a second emission wavelength on the protective layer. And of the three organic light-emitting devices shown in FIG. 4 , the third organic light-emitting device shown on the far left has a third light-reflecting layer and a third transparent insulating layer between the third lower electrode and the insulating layer. It also has a third color filter that transmits a third emission wavelength on the protective layer.

[0051] The first and second transparent insulating layers have different thicknesses, the first and third transparent insulating layers have different thicknesses, and the second and third transparent insulating layers have different thicknesses.

[0052] More specifically, the thickness of the first transparent insulating layer is such that an interference structure is formed that enhances the first emission wavelength of the light emitted by the first organic light-emitting element. In other words, the optical distance between the first or second light-emitting layer and the first light-reflecting electrode is such that the first emission wavelength is enhanced. Similarly, the thickness of the second transparent insulating layer is such that an interference structure is formed that enhances the second emission wavelength of the light emitted by the second organic light-emitting element. In other words, the optical distance between the first or second light-emitting layer and the second light-reflecting layer is such that the second emission wavelength is enhanced. The thickness of the third transparent insulating layer is such that an interference structure is formed that enhances the third emission wavelength of the light emitted by the third organic light-emitting element. In other words, the optical distance between the first or second light-emitting layer and the third light-reflecting layer is such that the third emission wavelength is enhanced.

[0053] Although microlenses are shown in FIG. 4, the present invention is not limited to this, and in some cases, microlenses may not be provided.

[0054] The organic light-emitting device according to this embodiment is a preferred embodiment for improving the luminance of emitted light because, in addition to the effects of the first embodiment, it is possible to enhance the luminance of emitted light by optical interference according to the light extracted by the color filters.

[0055] [Fifth embodiment] 5 is a cross-sectional view of an organic light-emitting device according to this embodiment. The organic light-emitting device according to this embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that only the third organic compound layer 109 of the first organic compound layers is disposed in contact with the lower electrode. The third organic compound layer in this embodiment does not necessarily need to be used together with the second organic compound layer, and therefore is also referred to as the fourth organic compound layer 109 to distinguish it from other embodiments. Furthermore, the organic compound layer 104 is also referred to as the fifth organic compound layer to distinguish it from other embodiments.

[0056] Therefore, the organic light-emitting device according to this embodiment can be described as an organic light-emitting device having, on an insulating layer, a first lower electrode, an upper electrode, and an organic compound layer disposed between the first lower electrode and the upper electrode, wherein the organic compound layer includes a light-emitting layer, a fourth organic compound layer containing a compound having a lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy of −5.0 eV or less, and a fifth organic compound layer having a lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy higher than that of the fourth organic compound layer, and wherein the orthogonal projection of the fourth organic compound layer onto the insulating layer is smaller than the orthogonal projection of the fifth organic compound layer onto the insulating layer. The fifth organic compound layer may include multiple organic compound layers. A layer of the fifth organic compound layer in contact with the fourth organic compound layer is a layer in which holes are induced by electrons attracted by the fourth organic compound layer. The organic compound constituting the layer of the fifth organic compound layer in contact with the fourth organic compound layer preferably has a difference in highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level energy of 1.0 eV or less, more preferably 0.5 eV or less, between the HOMO level energy and the LUMO level energy of a compound contained in the fourth organic compound and having a LUMO of −5.0 eV or less. The definition and measurement of the HOMO are as described above.

[0057] In Figure 5, only the rightmost organic light-emitting element is labeled, but it is understood that the same reference numerals are also used for other organic light-emitting elements with similar configurations. Since no first organic compound layer is disposed between the first and second light-emitting layers, the first and second light-emitting layers may be in contact with each other or may be separated from each other. Furthermore, the first and second light-emitting layers may be configured to be regarded as a single light-emitting layer. "Regarded as a single light-emitting layer" means that the first and second light-emitting layers are disposed in contact with each other, have the same constituent components, and are indistinguishable.

[0058] In this embodiment, the first to third organic light-emitting elements may emit light of different wavelengths, or the first to third organic light-emitting elements may all emit white light, which is separated by a color filter (not shown).

[0059] In the organic light-emitting device according to this embodiment, the first organic compound layer is in contact with the lower electrode and is painted differently, so that leakage current to adjacent pixels or sub-pixels is reduced, and unintended light emission is reduced.

[0060] [Sixth embodiment] FIG. 6 is a plan view schematic diagram of an organic light-emitting device according to this embodiment. The organic light-emitting device is provided with organic light-emitting elements 118. The organic light-emitting elements 118 are labeled RGB, respectively, to indicate the light-emitting color of each organic light-emitting element. RGB stands for red, green, and blue, respectively. In other words, an R organic light-emitting element indicates that the organic light-emitting element is an organic light-emitting element that emits red light. The same applies to other colors. The organic light-emitting elements of each color may have different light-emitting layers or may be configured to separate light using color filters. Even if the configuration of the light-emitting layers differs between RGB, the other organic compound layers may be the same.

[0061] The first organic compound layer 107 may be a layer that is not shared by organic light-emitting elements that emit different colors among the plurality of organic light-emitting elements, i.e., a layer that is so-called "differently colored." When forming a first organic compound layer that is not shared by the plurality of organic light-emitting elements, the first organic compound layers of the organic light-emitting elements that emit the same color are connected, as shown in FIG. 6. On the other hand, the first organic compound layers of the organic light-emitting elements that emit different colors are not connected. In a form in which the first organic compound layer according to this embodiment is differently colored, the first organic compound layer may be differently colored by differently coloring the third organic compound layer.

[0062] The organic light-emitting device according to this embodiment can be manufactured using a deposition mask. By minimizing the number of areas that are painted differently, as in the organic light-emitting device according to this embodiment, the aperture ratio of the deposition mask can be reduced, resulting in a deposition mask with high strength. In the organic light-emitting device according to this embodiment, the first organic compound layer is not shared, thereby reducing leakage current to adjacent pixels or subpixels and reducing unintended light emission.

[0063] In the above embodiments, the features of each embodiment may be used in combination.

[0064] [Configuration of organic light-emitting element] The organic light-emitting element is provided by forming an insulating layer, a first electrode, an organic compound layer, and a second electrode on a substrate. A protective layer, a color filter, a microlens, etc. may be provided on the cathode. When a color filter is provided, a planarizing layer may be provided between the protective layer. The planarizing layer may be made of acrylic resin or the like. The same applies when a planarizing layer is provided between the color filter and the microlens.

[0065] [substrate] Examples of the substrate include quartz, glass, a silicon wafer, a resin, and a metal. Furthermore, the substrate may be provided with a switching element such as a transistor and wiring, and an insulating layer thereon. Any material can be used for the insulating layer, as long as it allows for the formation of a contact hole so that wiring can be formed between the first electrode and the insulating layer, and ensures insulation from wiring that is not connected. For example, resins such as polyimide, silicon oxide, silicon nitride, etc. can be used.

[0066] [electrode] A pair of electrodes can be used. The pair of electrodes may be an anode and a cathode. When an electric field is applied in the direction in which the organic light-emitting element emits light, the electrode with a higher potential is the anode, and the other is the cathode. It can also be said that the electrode that supplies holes to the light-emitting layer is the anode, and the electrode that supplies electrons is the cathode.

[0067] The anode material should have as high a work function as possible. Examples include simple metals such as gold, platinum, silver, copper, nickel, palladium, cobalt, selenium, vanadium, and tungsten, mixtures containing these metals, alloys of these metals, and metal oxides such as tin oxide, zinc oxide, indium oxide, indium tin oxide (ITO), and zinc indium oxide. Conductive polymers such as polyaniline, polypyrrole, and polythiophene can also be used.

[0068] These electrode materials may be used alone or in combination of two or more. The anode may be composed of one layer or multiple layers.

[0069] When used as a reflective electrode, for example, chromium, aluminum, silver, titanium, tungsten, molybdenum, or alloys or laminates thereof can be used. The above materials can also function as a light-reflecting layer without functioning as an electrode. Furthermore, when used as a transparent electrode, transparent conductive oxide layers such as indium tin oxide (ITO) and indium zinc oxide can be used, but are not limited to these. Photolithography techniques can be used to form the electrode.

[0070] On the other hand, materials with a low work function are preferred for the cathode. Examples include alkali metals such as lithium, alkaline earth metals such as calcium, and metals such as aluminum, titanium, manganese, silver, lead, and chromium, as well as mixtures containing these metals. Alternatively, alloys combining these metals can be used. For example, magnesium-silver, aluminum-lithium, aluminum-magnesium, silver-copper, and zinc-silver can be used. Metal oxides such as indium tin oxide (ITO) can also be used. These electrode materials can be used alone or in combination. The cathode can have either a single-layer or multi-layer structure. Among these, silver is preferred, and a silver alloy is even more preferred to reduce silver aggregation. The alloy ratio is not critical as long as silver aggregation can be reduced. For example, the silver:other metal ratio can be 1:1, 3:1, or the like.

[0071] The cathode may be a top-emission element using an oxide conductive layer such as ITO, or a bottom-emission element using a reflective electrode such as aluminum (Al), and is not particularly limited. The method for forming the cathode is not particularly limited, but DC and AC sputtering methods are more preferred because they provide good film coverage and make it easier to reduce resistance.

[0072] [Organic compound layer] The organic compound layer may be formed as a single layer or as multiple layers. When multiple layers are included, they may be called hole injection layer, hole transport layer, electron blocking layer, light-emitting layer, hole blocking layer, electron transport layer, or electron injection layer depending on their functions. The organic compound layer is mainly composed of organic compounds but may also contain inorganic atoms or inorganic compounds. For example, the organic compound layer may contain copper, lithium, magnesium, aluminum, iridium, platinum, molybdenum, zinc, or the like. The organic compound layer may be disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, or may be disposed in contact with the first electrode and the second electrode.

[0073] [Protective layer] A protective layer may be provided on the cathode. For example, by adhering glass with a moisture absorbent on the cathode, the intrusion of water and other contaminants into the organic compound layer can be reduced, thereby reducing the occurrence of display defects. In another embodiment, a passivation film such as silicon nitride may be provided on the cathode to reduce the intrusion of water and other contaminants into the organic compound layer. For example, after forming the cathode, the cathode may be transferred to another chamber without breaking the vacuum, and a 2 μm-thick silicon nitride film may be formed by CVD to serve as a protective layer. A protective layer may be provided using atomic layer deposition (ALD) after the CVD film formation. The material of the film formed by ALD is not limited, and may be silicon nitride, silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, or the like. Silicon nitride may be further formed on the film formed by ALD by CVD. The film formed by ALD may have a thickness smaller than that of the film formed by CVD. Specifically, the thickness may be 50% or less, or even 10% or less.

[0074] [Color Filter] A color filter may be provided on the protective layer. For example, a color filter taking into consideration the size of the organic light-emitting element may be provided on a separate substrate and then bonded to the substrate on which the organic light-emitting element is provided, or a color filter may be patterned on the protective layer described above using photolithography technology. The color filter may be made of a polymer.

[0075] [Planarization layer] A planarization layer may be provided between the color filter and the protective layer. The planarization layer is provided for the purpose of reducing the unevenness of the underlying layer. It may also be called a material resin layer without limiting its purpose. The planarization layer may be composed of an organic compound, and may be either a low molecular weight or a high molecular weight, but a high molecular weight is preferred.

[0076] The planarizing layer may be provided above or below the color filter, and may be made of the same or different materials, such as polyvinyl carbazole resin, polycarbonate resin, polyester resin, ABS resin, acrylic resin, polyimide resin, phenol resin, epoxy resin, silicone resin, and urea resin.

[0077] [Microlens] The organic light-emitting device may have an optical component such as a microlens on its light-emitting side. The microlens may be made of acrylic resin, epoxy resin, or the like. The microlens may be used to increase the amount of light extracted from the organic light-emitting device and to control the direction of the extracted light. The microlens may have a hemispherical shape. When the microlens has a hemispherical shape, among the tangents to the hemisphere, there is a tangent that is parallel to the insulating layer, and the point of contact between this tangent and the hemisphere is the vertex of the microlens. The vertex of the microlens can be determined in the same way in any cross-sectional view. In other words, among the tangents to the semicircle of the microlens in the cross-sectional view, there is a tangent that is parallel to the insulating layer, and the point of contact between this tangent and the semicircle is the vertex of the microlens.

[0078] It is also possible to define the midpoint of a microlens. In the cross section of the microlens, a line segment is imagined from the point where an arc shape ends to the point where another arc shape ends, and the midpoint of this line segment can be called the midpoint of the microlens. The cross section for determining the vertex and midpoint may be a cross section perpendicular to the insulating layer.

[0079] [Counter substrate] An opposing substrate may be provided on the planarization layer. The opposing substrate is called an opposing substrate because it is provided at a position corresponding to the aforementioned substrate. The constituent material of the opposing substrate may be the same as that of the aforementioned substrate. When the aforementioned substrate is defined as a first substrate, the opposing substrate may be a second substrate.

[0080] [Organic layer] The organic compound layers (hole injection layer, hole transport layer, electron blocking layer, light emitting layer, hole blocking layer, electron transport layer, electron injection layer, etc.) constituting the organic light emitting device according to one embodiment of the present invention are formed by the method shown below.

[0081] The organic compound layer constituting the organic light-emitting device according to one embodiment of the present invention can be formed by dry processes such as vacuum deposition, ionization deposition, sputtering, plasma, etc. Alternatively to the dry process, a wet process can be used in which the compound is dissolved in an appropriate solvent and a layer is formed by a known coating method (for example, spin coating, dipping, casting, LB method, inkjet method, etc.).

[0082] Here, when a layer is formed by a vacuum deposition method or a solution coating method, crystallization is unlikely to occur and the layer has excellent stability over time. When a film is formed by a coating method, the film can be formed by combining with an appropriate binder resin.

[0083] Examples of the binder resin include, but are not limited to, polyvinylcarbazole resin, polycarbonate resin, polyester resin, ABS resin, acrylic resin, polyimide resin, phenol resin, epoxy resin, silicone resin, and urea resin.

[0084] These binder resins may be used singly or in combination as homopolymers or copolymers, and may further contain known additives such as plasticizers, antioxidants, and ultraviolet absorbers, if necessary.

[0085] [Pixel circuit] The organic light-emitting device may have a pixel circuit connected to the organic light-emitting element. The pixel circuit may be an active matrix type that controls the emission of the first light-emitting element and the second light-emitting element independently. The active matrix type circuit may be voltage-programmed or current-programmed. One pixel circuit may be provided for each organic light-emitting element. The pixel circuit may include a light-emitting element, a transistor that controls the emission brightness of the light-emitting element, a transistor that controls the emission timing, a capacitor that holds the gate voltage of the transistor that controls the emission brightness, and a transistor for connecting to GND without going through the light-emitting element.

[0086] The magnitude of the drive current may be determined according to the size of the light-emitting area. Specifically, when the first light-emitting element and the second light-emitting element are caused to emit light with the same luminance, the current value passed through the first light-emitting element may be smaller than the current value passed through the second light-emitting element. This is because the required current may be small due to the small light-emitting area.

[0087] The pixel circuits receive image signals from signal circuits arranged around a display area where a plurality of pixels are arranged, and cause the organic light-emitting device to display a desired image.

[0088] [Pixels] An organic light emitting device includes a plurality of pixels, each of which includes sub-pixels that emit different colors, for example, RGB colors.

[0089] The pixel emits light from an area called the pixel aperture. This area is the same as the first area. The pixel aperture may be 15 μm or less, or 5 μm or more. More specifically, it may be 11 μm, 9.5 μm, 7.4 μm, 6.4 μm, etc.

[0090] The distance between the subpixels may be 10 μm or less, and specifically may be 8 μm, 7.4 μm, or 6.4 μm.

[0091] The pixels may be arranged in a known manner in a plan view. For example, they may be in a stripe arrangement, a delta arrangement, a pentile arrangement, or a Bayer arrangement. The shape of the subpixels in a plan view may be any known shape. For example, they may be rectangular, quadrilaterals such as diamonds, or hexagons. Of course, a shape that is close to a rectangle, rather than an exact shape, is included in the rectangle. The shape of the subpixels and the pixel arrangement may be used in combination.

[0092] [Use of the organic light-emitting device according to one embodiment of the present invention] The organic light-emitting device according to one embodiment of the present invention can be used as a component of a display device or a lighting device, and can also be used as an exposure light source for an electrophotographic image forming device, a backlight for a liquid crystal display device, a light-emitting device having a white light source and a color filter, etc.

[0093] The display device may be an image information processing device that has an image input unit that inputs image information from an area CCD, a linear CCD, a memory card, etc., has an information processing unit that processes the input information, and displays the input image on the display unit.

[0094] The display unit of the imaging device or inkjet printer may have a touch panel function. The driving method of this touch panel function may be an infrared method, a capacitance method, a resistive film method, or an electromagnetic induction method, and is not particularly limited. The display device may also be used in the display unit of a multifunction printer.

[0095] Next, the display device according to this embodiment will be described with reference to the drawings.

[0096] 8 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of an organic light-emitting device having an organic light-emitting element and a transistor connected to the organic light-emitting element. The transistor is an example of an active element. The transistor is not limited to the one configured as shown in FIG. 8, and may be a thin-film transistor (TFT).

[0097] The organic light-emitting device in Fig. 8 includes an organic light-emitting element 121 and a transistor 122. Although the organic compound layer is illustrated as a single layer in the organic light-emitting device in Fig. 8, the organic compound layer may be multiple layers. A first protective layer for reducing deterioration of the organic light-emitting element and a resin layer for planarizing the upper surface are provided on the cathode.

[0098] The transistors used in the organic light-emitting device of Fig. 8 are not limited to transistors using single-crystal silicon wafers, and compound semiconductors may also be used. Examples of materials for the active layer include single-crystal silicon, amorphous silicon, non-single-crystal silicon such as microcrystalline silicon, and non-single-crystal oxide semiconductors such as indium zinc oxide and indium gallium zinc oxide.

[0099] The transistor included in the organic light-emitting device of Figure 8 may be formed within a substrate such as a Si substrate. Here, "formed within a substrate" means that the substrate itself, such as a Si substrate, is processed to form the transistor. In other words, having a transistor within a substrate can be seen as the substrate and the transistor being integrally formed.

[0100] The organic light-emitting element according to this embodiment has its light emission brightness controlled by a transistor, which is an example of a switching element. By providing multiple organic light-emitting elements on a surface, an image can be displayed using the respective light emission brightnesses. "On the substrate" can also be referred to as "inside the substrate." Whether to provide a transistor in the substrate or to use a TFT is determined by the size of the display unit. For example, if the size is about 0.5 inches, it is preferable to provide the organic light-emitting element on a Si substrate.

[0101] 9 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a display device according to this embodiment. The display device 1000 may include a touch panel 1003, a display panel 1005, a frame 1006, a circuit board 1007, and a battery 1008 between an upper cover 1001 and a lower cover 1009. The touch panel 1003 and the display panel 1005 are connected by flexible printed circuits FPCs 1002 and 1004. Transistors are printed on the circuit board 1007. The battery 1008 may not be provided if the display device is not a portable device, and may be provided in a different position even if the display device is a portable device.

[0102] The display device according to this embodiment may have color filters having red, green, and blue colors, which may be arranged in a delta arrangement.

[0103] The display device according to the present embodiment may be used as a display unit of a mobile terminal. In this case, the display device may have both a display function and an operation function. Examples of the mobile terminal include a mobile phone such as a smartphone, a tablet, and a head-mounted display.

[0104] The display device according to this embodiment may be used as a display unit of an imaging device having an optical unit with a plurality of lenses and an imaging element that receives light that has passed through the optical unit. The imaging device may have a display unit that displays information acquired by the imaging element. The display unit may be a display unit exposed to the outside of the imaging device or a display unit disposed within a viewfinder. The imaging device may be a digital camera or a digital video camera.

[0105] 10(a) is a schematic diagram showing an example of an imaging device according to this embodiment. The imaging device 1100 may have a viewfinder 1101, a rear display 1102, an operation unit 1103, and a housing 1104. The viewfinder 1101 may have a display device according to this embodiment. In this case, the display device may display not only an image to be captured, but also environmental information, imaging instructions, and the like. The environmental information may include the intensity of external light, the direction of external light, the speed at which the subject is moving, the possibility that the subject will be blocked by an obstruction, and the like.

[0106] Since the optimum timing for capturing an image is very short, it is better to display information as soon as possible. Therefore, it is preferable to use a display device using the organic light-emitting element of the present invention. This is because the organic light-emitting element has a fast response speed. A display device using an organic light-emitting element can be used more preferably than a liquid crystal display device, which requires a high display speed.

[0107] The imaging device 1100 has an optical section (not shown). The optical section has multiple lenses, which form an image on an imaging element housed in a housing 1104. The focus of the multiple lenses can be adjusted by adjusting their relative positions. This operation can also be performed automatically. The imaging device may also be called a photoelectric conversion device. Instead of sequentially capturing images, the photoelectric conversion device can include an imaging method that detects the difference from the previous image, or a method of cutting out an image from a constantly recorded image, etc.

[0108] FIG. 10(b) is a schematic diagram showing an example of an electronic device according to this embodiment. The electronic device 1200 has a display unit 1201, an operation unit 1202, and a housing 1203. The housing 1203 may have a circuit, a printed circuit board having the circuit, a battery, and a communication unit. The operation unit 1202 may be a button or a touch panel type reaction unit. The operation unit may be a biometric recognition unit that recognizes a fingerprint to unlock the device, etc. An electronic device having a communication unit can also be called a communication device. The electronic device may further have a camera function by including a lens and an image sensor. An image captured by the camera function is displayed on the display unit. Examples of the electronic device include a smartphone and a laptop computer.

[0109] 11A and 11B are schematic diagrams illustrating an example of a display device according to this embodiment. Fig. 11A shows a display device such as a television monitor or a PC monitor. The display device 1300 has a frame 1301 and a display unit 1302. The light-emitting device according to this embodiment may be used in the display unit 1302.

[0110] It has a frame 1301 and a base 1303 that supports a display unit 1302. The base 1303 is not limited to the form shown in Fig. 11(a). The bottom side of the frame 1301 may also serve as the base.

[0111] The frame 1301 and the display unit 1302 may be curved. The radius of curvature may be 5000 mm or more and 6000 mm or less.

[0112] FIG. 11(b) is a schematic diagram illustrating another example of a display device according to this embodiment. The display device 1310 in FIG. 11(b) is configured to be bendable, and is a so-called foldable display device. The display device 1310 has a first display unit 1311, a second display unit 1312, a housing 1313, and a bending point 1314. The first display unit 1311 and the second display unit 1312 may include a light-emitting device according to this embodiment. The first display unit 1311 and the second display unit 1312 may be a single, seamless display unit. The first display unit 1311 and the second display unit 1312 can be separated by the bending point. The first display unit 1311 and the second display unit 1312 may each display different images, or the first and second display units may display a single image.

[0113] FIG. 12(a) is a schematic diagram showing an example of a lighting device according to this embodiment. The lighting device 1400 may include a housing 1401, a light source 1402, a circuit board 1403, an optical film 1404, and a light diffusion unit 1405. The light source may include an organic light-emitting element according to this embodiment. The optical filter may be a filter that improves the color rendering of the light source. The light diffusion unit can effectively diffuse light from the light source, such as for illumination, and deliver the light over a wide area. The optical filter and the light diffusion unit may be provided on the light output side of the lighting. If necessary, a cover may be provided on the outermost part.

[0114] The lighting device is, for example, a device for illuminating a room. The lighting device may emit white, daylight white, or any other color from blue to red. It may have a dimming circuit for dimming these colors. The lighting device may have the organic light-emitting element of the present invention and a power supply circuit connected thereto. The power supply circuit is a circuit for converting AC voltage to DC voltage. Furthermore, white has a color temperature of 4200K, and daylight white has a color temperature of 5000K. The lighting device may have a color filter.

[0115] The lighting device according to this embodiment may also include a heat dissipation unit, which dissipates heat from within the device to the outside, and may be made of a material such as a metal with a high specific heat capacity or liquid silicon.

[0116] 12(b) is a schematic diagram of an automobile, which is an example of a moving body according to this embodiment. The automobile has tail lamps, which are an example of lighting fixtures. The automobile 1500 has tail lamps 1501, and may be configured to turn on the tail lamps when braking or the like is performed.

[0117] A tail lamp 1501 may include an organic light-emitting element according to this embodiment. The tail lamp may include a protective member for protecting the organic EL element. The protective member may be made of any material as long as it has a certain degree of strength and is transparent, but it is preferably made of polycarbonate or the like. Polycarbonate may be mixed with a furandicarboxylic acid derivative, an acrylonitrile derivative, or the like.

[0118] An automobile 1500 may have a body 1503 and a window 1502 attached thereto. The window may be a transparent display as long as it is not a window for checking the front and rear of the automobile. The transparent display may have an organic light-emitting element according to this embodiment. In this case, constituent materials of the electrodes and the like of the organic light-emitting element are made of transparent materials.

[0119] The moving body according to this embodiment may be a ship, an aircraft, a drone, or the like. The moving body may have a body and a lighting device provided on the body. The lighting device may emit light to indicate the position of the body. The lighting device has the organic light-emitting element according to this embodiment.

[0120] 13 shows an example of a wearable device including an organic light-emitting device according to this embodiment. The organic light-emitting device can be applied to systems that can be worn as a wearable device, such as smart glasses, HMDs, and smart contact lenses. An image capturing and displaying device used in such an application example includes an image capturing device capable of photoelectrically converting visible light and a displaying device capable of emitting visible light.

[0121] 13(a) illustrates glasses 1600 (smart glasses) according to one application example. An imaging device 1602 such as a CMOS sensor or SPAD is provided on the front side of a lens 1601 of the glasses 1600. Furthermore, a display device according to any of the above-described embodiments is provided on the back side of the lens 1601.

[0122] The glasses 1600 further include a control device 1603. The control device 1603 functions as a power source that supplies power to the image capture device 1602 and the display device according to each embodiment. The control device 1603 also controls the operations of the image capture device 1602 and the display device. The lens 1601 is formed with an optical system for focusing light onto the image capture device 1602.

[0123] FIG. 13(b) illustrates glasses 1610 (smart glasses) according to one application example. The glasses 1610 include a control device 1612, which is equipped with an imaging device equivalent to the imaging device 1602 and a display device. A lens 1611 includes an optical system for projecting light emitted from the imaging device and the display device within the control device 1612, and an image is projected onto the lens 1611. The control device 1612 functions as a power source for supplying power to the imaging device and the display device and controls the operation of the imaging device and the display device. The control device may also include a gaze detection unit for detecting the wearer's gaze. Infrared light may be used for gaze detection. The infrared light emitter emits infrared light toward the eyeball of a user gazing at a displayed image. An imaging unit with a light receiving element detects the reflected light of the emitted infrared light from the eyeball, thereby obtaining an image of the eyeball. A reduction unit for reducing light from the infrared light emitter to the display unit in a planar view reduces degradation of image quality.

[0124] The gaze of the user relative to the displayed image is detected from an image of the eyeball obtained by capturing infrared light. Any known method can be used for gaze detection using an image of the eyeball. One example is a gaze detection method based on the Purkinje image formed by reflection of irradiated light on the cornea.

[0125] More specifically, gaze detection processing is performed based on the pupil-corneal reflex method, which calculates a gaze vector representing the direction (rotation angle) of the eyeball based on the pupil image and Purkinje image included in the captured image of the eyeball, thereby detecting the user's gaze.

[0126] A display device according to an embodiment of the present invention may have an imaging device having a light receiving element, and may control the image displayed on the display device based on information about the user's line of sight from the imaging device.

[0127] Specifically, the display device determines a first field of view area where the user gazes and a second field of view area other than the first field of view area based on the line-of-sight information. The first field of view area and the second field of view area may be determined by a control device of the display device, or may be determined by an external control device and received. In the display area of ​​the display device, the display resolution of the first field of view area may be controlled to be higher than the display resolution of the second field of view area. In other words, the resolution of the second field of view area may be lower than that of the first field of view area.

[0128] The display area includes a first display area and a second display area different from the first display area, and a high-priority area is determined from the first display area and the second display area based on line-of-sight information. The first field of view area and the second field of view area may be determined by a control device of the display device, or may be determined by an external control device and received. The resolution of the high-priority area may be controlled to be higher than the resolution of areas other than the high-priority area. In other words, the resolution of an area with a relatively low priority may be lowered.

[0129] Note that AI may be used to determine the first field of view area and areas with high priority. The AI ​​may be a model configured to estimate the angle of gaze and the distance to an object in the line of sight from an image of the eyeball, using as training data an image of the eyeball and the direction in which the eyeball in the image was actually looking. The AI ​​program may be included in the display device, the imaging device, or an external device. If included in an external device, it is transmitted to the display device via communication.

[0130] When display control is performed based on visual recognition detection, the smart glasses can be preferably applied to smart glasses that further include an imaging device for capturing images of the outside world. The smart glasses can display captured external information in real time.

[0131] As described above, by using a device using the organic light-emitting element according to this embodiment, it is possible to provide a stable display with good image quality even over a long period of time. [Explanation of symbols]

[0132] 100 Organic light-emitting device 101 Insulating layer 102 Lower electrode 103 Pixel isolation layer 104 Organic compound layer 105 Organic compound layer including first light-emitting layer 106 Organic compound layer including second light-emitting layer 107 First organic compound layer 108 Second organic compound layer 109 Third organic compound layer 110 Upper electrode 111 Protective layer 112 Resin layer 113 Microlens 114 Organic light-emitting devices 115 The pinnacle of microlenses 116 Midpoint of opening in pixel isolation layer 117 Midpoint of the first organic compound layer 118 Organic light-emitting devices 119 Light reflective electrode 120 Transparent insulating layer 121 Color Filter 122 transistors 123 Insulating Layer 124 Organic light-emitting devices 1000 display devices 1001 Top cover 1002 Flexible Printed Circuit 1003 Touch Panel 1004 Flexible Printed Circuit 1005 Display panel 1006 frames 1007 Circuit Board 1008 Battery 1009 Lower cover 1100 Imaging device 1101 Viewfinder 1102 Rear display 1103 Operation section 1104 Case 1200 Electronic equipment 1201 Display section 1202 Operation unit 1203 Case 1300 display device 1301 Picture Frame 1302 Display section 1303 Foundation 1310 Display device 1311 First display section 1312 Second display section 1313 Case 1314 bending point 1400 lighting equipment 1401 Case 1402 Light source 1403 Circuit Board 1404 Optical film 1405 Light diffusion part 1500 cars 1501 tail lamp 1502 Window 1503 Body 1600 Smart Glasses 1601 Lens 1602 Imaging device 1603 Control device 1610 Smart Glasses 1611 Lens 1612 control device

Claims

1. a first lower electrode, a second lower electrode adjacent to the first lower electrode, an upper electrode, an organic compound layer disposed between the first lower electrode and the upper electrode, and a pixel separation layer covering an edge of the first lower electrode, all disposed on an insulating layer; the first lower electrode includes a first region in contact with the organic compound layer and a second region in contact with the pixel separation layer; the organic compound layer includes a first light-emitting layer, a fourth organic compound layer containing a compound having a lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy of −5.0 eV or less, and a fifth organic compound layer having a lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy higher than that of the fourth organic compound layer; an orthogonal projection of the organic compound layer onto the insulating layer includes an orthogonal projection of the first lower electrode onto the insulating layer and an orthogonal projection of the second lower electrode onto the insulating layer; an orthogonal projection of the fourth organic compound layer onto the insulating layer is smaller than an orthogonal projection of the fifth organic compound layer onto the insulating layer; an orthogonal projection of the fourth organic compound layer onto the insulating layer that is smaller than an orthogonal projection of the first region onto the insulating layer;

2. an orthogonal projection of the fifth organic compound layer onto the insulating layer overlaps with an orthogonal projection of the second lower electrode onto the insulating layer; 2. The organic light-emitting device according to claim 1, wherein an orthogonal projection of the fourth organic compound layer onto the insulating layer overlaps with an orthogonal projection of the first lower electrode onto the insulating layer, and does not overlap with an orthogonal projection of the second lower electrode onto the insulating layer.

3. 3. The organic light-emitting device according to claim 1, wherein an orthogonal projection of the fourth organic compound layer onto the insulating layer is included in an orthogonal projection of the first lower electrode onto the insulating layer.

4. 4. The organic light-emitting device according to claim 1, further comprising an optical element on the upper electrode, wherein the orthogonal projection of the fourth organic compound layer onto the insulating layer is smaller than the orthogonal projection of the optical element onto the insulating layer.

5. The organic light-emitting device according to claim 4 , wherein the orthogonal projection of the optical member onto the insulating layer includes the orthogonal projection of the fourth organic compound layer onto the insulating layer.

6. 5. The organic light-emitting device according to claim 4, wherein the orthogonal projection of the first region onto the insulating layer is smaller than the orthogonal projection of the optical element onto the insulating layer and larger than the orthogonal projection of the fourth organic compound layer onto the insulating layer.

7. the optical element is a lens, 7. The organic light-emitting device according to claim 6, wherein in a cross section perpendicular to the insulating layer, the vertex of the lens is located between the midpoint of the first region and the midpoint of the fourth organic compound layer in a direction parallel to the insulating layer.

8. a first light-reflecting layer between the first lower electrode and the insulating layer, and a first transparent insulating layer between the first light-reflecting layer and the first lower electrode; a second light-reflecting layer between the second lower electrode and the insulating layer, and a second transparent insulating layer between the second light-reflecting layer and the second lower electrode; 8. The organic light-emitting device according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the first transparent insulating layer is different from the thickness of the second transparent insulating layer.

9. a first color filter that transmits a first emission wavelength is provided on the first lower electrode; a second light-emitting layer that emits a second emission wavelength and a second color filter that transmits the second emission wavelength are provided on the second lower electrode; 9. The organic light-emitting device according to claim 8, wherein an optical distance between the first light-emitting layer and the first light-reflecting layer is an optical distance that intensifies the first emission wavelength, and an optical distance between the second light-emitting layer and the second light-reflecting layer is an optical distance that intensifies the second emission wavelength.

10. a third lower electrode adjacent to the first lower electrode and between the fourth organic compound layer and the insulating layer; a first color filter that transmits a first emission wavelength over the first lower electrode, a second color filter that transmits a second emission wavelength over the second lower electrode, and a third color filter that transmits the first emission wavelength over the third lower electrode; the fifth organic compound layer, the orthogonal projection of which on the insulating layer overlaps with the first lower electrode, is disposed so as to be connected to the fifth organic compound layer, the orthogonal projection of which on the insulating layer overlaps with the third lower electrode; 10. The organic light-emitting device according to claim 1, wherein the fourth organic compound layer, the orthogonal projection of which on the insulating layer overlaps with the second lower electrode, is not connected to the fourth organic compound layer, the orthogonal projection of which on the insulating layer overlaps with the first lower electrode.

11. 11. The organic light-emitting device according to claim 1, wherein the size of the orthogonal projection onto the insulating layer is the length of the orthogonal projection onto the insulating layer in a cross section perpendicular to the insulating layer.

12. the organic compound layer has a second light-emitting layer between the first light-emitting layer and the upper electrode, 12. The organic light-emitting device according to claim 1, further comprising the fourth organic compound layer between the first light-emitting layer and the second light-emitting layer.

13. The organic light-emitting device according to claim 12 , wherein an orthogonal projection of the second light-emitting layer onto the insulating layer is larger than an orthogonal projection of the fourth organic compound layer onto the insulating layer.

14. a first lower electrode, a second lower electrode adjacent to the first lower electrode, an upper electrode, an organic compound layer disposed between the first lower electrode and the upper electrode, and a pixel separation layer covering an edge of the first lower electrode, all disposed on an insulating layer; the organic compound layer has a first light-emitting layer and a charge generating layer in contact with the first lower electrode, an organic light-emitting device, wherein the first lower electrode includes a first region in contact with the organic compound layer and a second region in contact with the pixel separation layer; an orthogonal projection of the organic compound layer onto the insulating layer includes an orthogonal projection of the first lower electrode onto the insulating layer and an orthogonal projection of the second lower electrode onto the insulating layer; An organic light-emitting device, wherein an orthogonal projection of the charge generating layer onto the insulating layer is smaller than an orthogonal projection of the first region onto the insulating layer.

15. 15. The organic light-emitting device according to claim 14, wherein the charge generation layer contains any one of a hexaazatriphenylene compound, a radialene compound, and a hexafluoroquinodimethane compound.

16. 16. The organic light-emitting device according to claim 14, further comprising an optical member on the upper electrode, wherein an orthogonal projection of the charge generating layer onto the insulating layer is smaller than an orthogonal projection of the optical member onto the insulating layer.

17. 17. The organic light-emitting device of claim 16, wherein the orthogonal projection of the optical element onto the insulating layer comprises the orthogonal projection of the charge generating layer onto the insulating layer.

18. An organic light-emitting device as described in Claim 16, characterized in that the orthogonal projection of the first region onto the insulating layer is smaller than the orthogonal projection of the optical element onto the insulating layer and larger than the orthogonal projection of the charge generating layer onto the insulating layer.

19. the optical element is a lens, 19. The organic light-emitting device of claim 18, wherein in a cross section perpendicular to the insulating layer, the apex of the lens is located between the midpoint of the first region and the midpoint of the charge generating layer in a direction parallel to the insulating layer.

20. 20. A display device comprising: the organic light-emitting device according to claim 1; and a signal circuit that supplies an image signal to the organic light-emitting device.

21. an optical unit having a plurality of lenses, an image pickup element that receives light that has passed through the optical unit, and a display unit that displays an image picked up by the image pickup element; The photoelectric conversion device, wherein the display section comprises the organic light-emitting element according to claim 1 .

22. 20. An electronic device comprising: a display unit having the organic light-emitting element according to claim 1; a housing in which the display unit is provided; and a communication unit provided in the housing and communicating with an external device.

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