Box forming machine

Abstract

To provide a production line for manufacturing coated boxes and a method for manufacturing coated boxes.SOLUTION: A forming machine (2) according to this invention for forming a box from a paper or cardboard blank including a base surface and a side surface joined to the base surface comprises: a work area for receiving the blank; a plurality of folders (21) that are placed in the work area and interact with the sides of the blank to fold them in juxtaposition and parallel to the vertical direction (V) such that each lateral boundary defines a vertical edge of the side wall of the box; and a plurality of heads (22) including each presser which is separable from each other; wherein each presser pushes each vertical edge from the outside of the space inside the box.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 4

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a forming machine for forming boxes and a method for forming boxes.The present invention also relates to a production line for manufacturing coated boxes and a method for manufacturing coated boxes. [Background technology]

[0002] In the field of box making, for example, from patent document EP 2991821 B1 in the name of the present applicant, forming machines or four-corner fixing machines for forming boxes from blank sheets of paper or cardboard are known, which include a die that acts on the base surface of the blank and is movable along the vertical direction, folding elements that interact with segments of the blank and fold and vertically position them side by side so that their outer lines (or outer edges) define the vertical edges of the box, several feeders that dispense heat-sealing tape and position pieces of tape facing the vertical edges, and several sealing heads with corresponding heatable pressers that can be moved toward and away from the box to press the pieces of heat-sealing tape against each edge and corresponding blades for cutting the heat-sealing tape. The vertically movable die must precisely abut the pressers to form the box into the correct shape, and its size must correspond to the size of the box to be formed. Therefore, every time the size of the box to be produced changes, the operator changes the die used to form the box. This takes time, and on top of that, it requires having as many different dies as there are sizes of boxes to be manufactured, with all the inventory management issues that entail.

[0003] In prior art production lines, such as that described in patent document EP 3 486 079 A1 in the name of the applicant, boxes formed by a forming machine are fed to a positioning device, where they are joined to a pre-glued covering blank. Finally, the boxes joined to the covering blank are fed to a coating machine, where the covering blank is folded and brought into contact with each box so as to cover the box. In this regard, there is a widespread need in the field for positioning devices that can improve the positioning accuracy of the boxes on the covering blank. There is also a widely recognized need to ensure accurate folding of the folding flaps and wings of the covering blank in the coating machine, even in areas where the folding flaps are not covered by adhesive.

[0004] Patent document US2012 / 115698A1 relates to a four-corner sealing machine for forming boxes of different sizes, and specifies that the boxes are sealed with a glue gun. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] The present invention has an object to provide a molding machine for molding a box and a method for molding a box, thereby overcoming the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art. The present invention also has an object to provide a production line for manufacturing a covered box and a method for manufacturing a covered box, thereby overcoming the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] According to the invention, this object is completely achieved by a forming machine and a method for forming boxes as characterized in the appended claims. According to the invention, this object is completely achieved by a production line for manufacturing covered boxes and a method for manufacturing covered boxes as characterized in the appended claims.

[0007] In particular, the present invention relates to a forming machine or (four corner fastening machine) for forming boxes from paper or cardboard (box) blanks that include a base surface that defines the base wall of the box and side surfaces that are joined to the base surface and are foldable to define the side walls of the box.

[0008] The forming machine includes a work area that receives the blanks, and includes a plurality of folders disposed within the work area that interact with the sides of the blanks to fold them parallel to the vertical with their respective lateral boundaries defining vertical edges of the side walls of the box, so that the sides of the blanks define the outer lines of the interior space inside the box.

[0009] Preferably, the forming machine includes a plurality of heads, which are preferably movable toward and away from one another (at least for changeover purposes, i.e., to accommodate forming boxes of different sizes), and each of the plurality of heads includes a presser that abuts against a corresponding vertical edge from outside the space inside the box.

[0010] In an embodiment, the heads seal the vertical edges of the box by applying a tape of sealing (or heat-sealing) material. In this embodiment, each head may include a feeder that places a segment of sealing (or heat-sealing) tape facing each vertical edge. In particular, the feeder unwinds the tape. Note that in another embodiment, the forming machine may include a feeder that is separate from the heads. In this embodiment, each head also includes a cutter that cuts the sealing tape to separate the segment from the head. Preferably, in this embodiment, the presser is movable in a horizontal plane relative to the heads to press the heat-sealing tape against the vertical edges. In particular, the presser has a fixed horizontal stroke for moving between a retracted position (out of the way of the vertical edges) and an advanced position (pressing the heat-sealing tape against the vertical edges).

[0011] In another embodiment, adhesive is spread on the connection lines between the base and the sides, so that when folded, the sides are held in a vertical position by the adhesive (without the use of sealing tape). In this embodiment, it is also beneficial to have pressers that abut the vertical edges from the outside during molding of the box.

[0012] Preferably, the molding machine also includes a plurality of columns extending vertically. The columns are movable vertically. Each of the plurality of columns can be positioned in front of each presser within the interior space of the box. As a result, each column abuts against a vertical edge of the box operatively disposed between the columns and the presser. Therefore, the columns can replace the dies of a conventional molding machine.

[0013] Desirably, the columns are movable toward and away from one another in a horizontal plane (preferably in a coordinated and / or synchronized manner), allowing the columns to accommodate a variety of different box sizes (effectively forming a variable size die). More specifically, the movable columns abut against a base surface of a box blank received within the forming machine, and each column of the plurality of columns is movable along a vertical direction to push the box blank vertically.

[0014] Preferably, each of the plurality of columns is associated with each of the plurality of heads. In particular, each of the plurality of columns is supported by (or mounted on or joined to) each of the plurality of heads. Desirably, each column is slidably joined to the head for vertical movement relative to the head.

[0015] Preferably, each of the plurality of heads is movable in a horizontal plane, perpendicular to the vertical direction, between a retracted position (where it does not interfere with boxes placed in the work area) and an advanced position (where it acts against each vertical edge of the box). Preferably, the heads are movable in a coordinated and / or synchronized manner. Thus, each of the plurality of heads moves a column associated with the head in the horizontal plane. Specifically, each of the plurality of heads includes a vertically oriented guide. Each of the plurality of columns is slidably joined to the guide of the respective head. Note that for each of the plurality of heads, the guide is positioned at a different vertical height relative to the corresponding presser, thereby preventing the guide from interfering with the presser. Preferably, the guide is positioned at a higher vertical position than the corresponding presser. The blank is fed into the space between the guide and the presser.

[0016] Preferably, the forming machine includes a plate that is movable along a vertical direction. The plate is preferably located above (or below) the guide. Each of the multiple columns is removably connectable (or connected) to the plate. Thus, the forming machine has (i.e., is operable in) both a working configuration in which the columns are connected to the plate for vertical movement therewith, and a switching configuration in which the columns are decoupled from (and therefore separated from) the plate and are movable horizontally (preferably integrally with the head).

[0017] Preferably, the columns are magnetically connectable to the plate. More specifically, the plate includes a ferromagnetic material, and each of the plurality of columns includes a magnet at its upper (or lower) end that is magnetically connectable to the plate. Thus, the magnet of each of the plurality of columns exerts an attractive force on the plate.

[0018] The forming machine also comprises a plate actuator for moving the plate along the vertical direction, in the working configuration the column is movable along the vertical direction by effect of the movement of the plate.

[0019] The forming machine may comprise, for each column, an electric circuit including an electric winding through which a current can be passed in order to generate a magnetic force capable of interrupting or neutralizing the magnetic force inherent in each magnet. Thus, in the absence of a current, the magnets exert an attractive force that keeps the column attached to the plate (the forming machine is in the working configuration), and in the presence of a current, the magnetic attractive force is neutralized and the column is pulled away from the plate (the forming machine is in the switching configuration). This configuration makes it possible to reduce power consumption. In practice, the power distribution circuit is kept in the OFF state while the machine is operating, and is switched ON only when it is necessary to disconnect the column for switching purposes.

[0020] It should be noted that for each head of the plurality of heads, a corresponding guide is located at a predetermined distance from each cutter in the direction of horizontal movement of the cutter in its advanced position toward the corresponding guide of another head of the plurality of heads. In practice, the column (associated with the head) must abut against the inner surface of the vertical edge of the box, while the sealing tape is applied to the outer surface of the vertical edge of the box (the cutter acts on the sealing tape). Since the box has a non-zero thickness, the column is located in an advanced position relative to the cutter (and presser). Preferably, for each head of the plurality of heads, the forming machine is provided with an adjustment device for changing the predetermined distance between the guide and the corresponding cutter (and / or the corresponding presser in each advanced position). This allows the relative position of the column with respect to the cutter and / or presser and / or feeder to be modified depending on the thickness of the box blank. In particular, the head is positioned so that the column adheres to the inner vertical edge of the box interior space, and the position of the presser and / or cutter and / or feeder is adjusted relative to the column guide depending on the paper thickness. The adjustment device itself may form part of the head. In an embodiment, the adjustment device may be manually operated (eg, using a knob). In an embodiment, the adjustment device comprises a control actuator.

[0021] The forming machine includes a pair of longitudinally oriented crossbars parallel to a horizontal plane and a pair of transversely oriented crossbar guides perpendicular to the longitudinal direction and parallel to the horizontal plane, each of a plurality of heads associated with a pair of longitudinal crossbars for movement along the longitudinal crossbars, which in turn are movable transversely along respective guides (to effect switching).

[0022] The present invention also relates to a forming method for forming a box from a paper or cardboard (box) blank, the (box) blank including a base surface defining the base wall of the box and side surfaces joined to the base surface and foldable to define the side walls of the box.

[0023] A method of forming a box includes the steps of positioning a (box) blank in a work area and folding the sides of the (box) blank so that they are arranged parallel to the vertical with their lateral boundaries juxtaposed to define vertical edges of side walls of the box, such that the sides of the blank define the outer lines of an interior space inside the box.

[0024] The method of forming the box includes sealing the vertical edges, the sealing being performed by a plurality of pressers and preferably also a plurality of corresponding cutters and a plurality of corresponding feeders.

[0025] Preferably, the sealing step includes, for each vertical edge, feeding a segment of sealing tape to face the vertical edge by a feeder (forming part of the head). Preferably, the sealing step includes, for each vertical edge, applying a segment of sealing tape to the vertical edge outside the box interior space by a presser (forming part of the head) positioned outside the box interior space and moving toward the vertical edge. Desirably, the sealing step includes, for each vertical edge, cutting the segment of sealing tape using a cutter (forming part of the head) to separate the segments.

[0026] The method of forming a box includes providing a plurality of columns, and during the sealing step, vertically moving the columns such that each vertical edge is operatively interposed between each presser and a respective column of the plurality of columns.

[0027] The method of forming the box includes a switching step that includes moving the columns toward and away from each other in a horizontal plane perpendicular to the vertical direction. Preferably, the columns move in a coordinated (or synchronized) manner.

[0028] The folding step may include moving the (box) blank along a vertical direction. Preferably, the step of moving the (box) blank is performed by each of a plurality of columns abutting a base surface of the blank and moving along the vertical direction, pushing the blank along the vertical direction. During the movement of the blank, the sides (to be folded vertically) interact with a plurality of folders arranged in a working area outside the plurality of columns.

[0029] During the folding step, the columns of the plurality of columns are integrated with a (horizontally oriented) plate and move along a vertical direction by raising and / or lowering the plate. During the folding step, the plate prevents each column of the plurality of columns from moving in a horizontal plane. On the other hand, during switching, each column of the plurality of columns is separated from the plate. During switching, the columns move in a horizontal plane (thereby changing the spacing between the columns). Preferably, the columns are associated with a head that also carries a presser and a cutter, and during switching, they move in a horizontal plane by the action of moving the head.

[0030] Thus, in the folding step, the column is attached to the plate and moves along the vertical direction, and in the switching configuration, the column is attached to the head and moves in a horizontal plane.

[0031] According to one aspect of the present invention, a forming machine includes a movement system that receives a horizontally oriented box blank and moves it along a vertical direction. As the box blank moves along the vertical direction, a folder interacts with the side surfaces to fold the side surfaces vertically. The movement system of the forming machine includes a plurality of columns. Thus, the plurality of columns move the (box) blank vertically. More specifically, the columns abut against a base surface of the (box) blank received within the forming machine and are movable along the vertical direction to push the box blank vertically. As the (box) blank moves along the vertical direction, a folder interacts with the side surfaces to fold the side surfaces vertically.

[0032] The invention also relates to a production line for manufacturing the coated cardboard box (or multiple coated cardboard boxes). According to any aspect of the invention, the production line comprises a forming machine.

[0033] The production line comprises a gluing unit (which may itself be an object of the invention) which receives the (paper) coated blanks and spreads adhesive onto the coated blanks.

[0034] The coated blank includes a base surface, a plurality of faces joined to the base surface, and a plurality of folded flaps joined to the faces. The coated blank preferably has a coating weight of 250 g / m 2 It should be noted that the coated blank has a basis weight of 275 g / m or more. Even more preferably, the coated blank has a basis weight of 275 g / m 2 or more (e.g., 300 g / m 2 The thickness of the covering blank is preferably 1 mm to 2 mm (for example, 1.5 mm). These figures for basis weight and / or thickness refer to a paper covering blank that is heavy enough to cover any imperfections in the sealing tape and / or to facilitate embossing.

[0035] In one embodiment, the gluing unit includes a roller that spreads adhesive evenly over the surface of the coated blank that will come into contact with the box.

[0036] In an embodiment, the gluing unit is of the type forming part of the device described in Italian patent 0001422093 (application number BO2013A000660) in the name of the applicant, which is incorporated herein by reference, and it will be appreciated that all the functional and structural features of the device of Italian patent 0001422093 are applicable to the gluing unit of this embodiment.

[0037] In particular, the bonding unit may include at least one delivery nozzle for selectively delivering hot melt adhesive (at elevated temperature) to various portions of the coated blank. The coated blank includes a base surface and a plurality of side surfaces joined to the base surface. The at least one nozzle delivers adhesive at elevated temperature selectively to various portions of the surfaces of the plurality of side surfaces.

[0038] The covering blank includes a plurality of folded flaps joined to its longitudinal sides. Preferably, the gluing unit releases a pre-glued covering blank having adhesive-free folded flaps.

[0039] The production line comprises a positioning device (which may itself be an object of the invention) which receives the boxes from the forming machine and the coated blanks from the gluing unit and positions the boxes on the coated blanks so that the base wall of the box rests on the base face of the coated blank.

[0040] Preferably, the positioning device comprises a belt which receives the coated blank (from the gluing unit) and conveys it along the feed direction.

[0041] The positioning device includes a placement element movable between a collection position for receiving a box (from the forming machine) and a placement position for placing the box in position on a coated blank being transported by the belt.

[0042] The positioning device comprises a control unit (it should be noted that the production line preferably comprises a line control unit, and therefore the control unit of the positioning device may be integrated into the line control unit).

[0043] The placement element includes a push element that acts against the inner surface of the base wall of the box and is movable along a vertical direction. The push element may include (or consist of) a die or multiple columns (similar to those described for the forming machine). Furthermore, the positioning device includes one or more strips that act against the outer surface of the base wall of the box (in particular, at least two strips that act on opposite sides of the outer surface of the base wall). The one or more strips are movable from a closed position, oriented horizontally to support the box, to an open position, oriented vertically to allow the push element to move the box downward to a placement position on the coated blank. Furthermore, the positioning device includes one or more actuators that move the one or more strips from the closed position to the open position, or vice versa. For example, the one or more strips may be driven by a mechanical actuator (piston), a hydraulic actuator, or a pneumatic actuator. Preferably, the control unit synchronizes the release of the strips with the downward movement of the pusher. This prevents the box from tearing and improves positioning accuracy.

[0044] Additionally, one or more of the strips may be movable in a horizontal plane to accommodate the size of the box.

[0045] The positioning device includes at least one camera that captures images of the coated blanks positioned on the belt and is connected to a control unit. The control unit compares the image captured by the camera with a pre-stored fiducial reference model. Furthermore, the control unit instructs the placing element to modify its placement position in response to the comparison of the image captured by the camera with the reference image. More specifically, if the image captured by the camera significantly differs from the reference model, the control unit instructs the placing element to move to modify the placement position of the box on the coated blank and / or modify the timing at which the placing element places the box on the coated blank. The reference model may be defined by a pre-stored image.

[0046] Specifically, the positioning device includes a first pair of cameras and a second pair of cameras. The first pair of cameras and the second pair of cameras define at least one camera. The belt includes at least one first portion having a first color and a second portion having a second color different from the first color. The belt transports the coated blanks in a feed direction. The first portion and the second portion extend in the feed direction. The first portion and the second portion are juxtaposed in the feed direction. The first pair of cameras captures images of various portions of the coated blanks located on the first portion of the belt. The second pair of cameras captures images of various portions of the coated blanks located on the second portion of the belt. The control unit selectively activates the first pair of cameras or the second pair of cameras to capture each image. For example, the control unit may selectively activate the first pair or the second pair of cameras in response to a selection made by a user and / or in response to the contrast of the images captured by the cameras. Generally speaking, the pair of cameras used is the pair directed toward the belt portion that provides the greatest contrast with the coated blanks. For example, if the coated blank is light in color, the control unit activates the camera pointed at the blank placed in the darker colored portion. Conversely, if the coated blank is dark in color, the control unit activates the camera pointed at the blank placed in the lighter colored portion. Specifically, each camera in the first and second pairs is pointed at each edge of the coated blank. The control unit alternates between activating the two cameras of the activated pair in succession.

[0047] The positioning device may include one or more illuminators that illuminate coated blanks positioned on the belt (particularly the portions of the blanks within the field of view of the cameras). In an embodiment, the positioning device includes an illuminator for each camera, and the control unit selectively activates a pair of cameras and a corresponding pair of illuminators.

[0048] The production line (particularly the positioning device) may also include a belt lighting system. In particular, the belt area within the camera's field of view is illuminated. Preferably, the belt zone is backlit by one or more lighting objects located on the opposite side of the camera from the belt illumination area (so that the belt illumination area is located between the lighting objects and the camera). For example, the lighting objects may be mounted within a frame supporting the belt.

[0049] The production line (in particular the positioning device) may also include a screen connected to the control unit and displaying the images captured by at least one camera (in particular the images captured by the two cameras of an activated pair), so that an operator (or user) can check on the screen the operations performed by the mounting elements.

[0050] The screen may be a touch screen and may be connected to a keyboard to allow the operator to change process parameters and / or stop and start the production line.

[0051] Preferably, the production line includes a line control unit connectable to a remote service system via the Internet, in particular the control unit allows an operator to adjust lighting or cameras and / or respond to alarms from a remote (and / or local) workstation.

[0052] The line control unit may generate reports (e.g., for a day or a week's work) containing one or more of the following items of information: size of boxes and / or coated blanks, number of rejected items, alarms issued, etc. The control unit allows the operator to order spare parts over the internet. The control unit is also connected to a memory (local or remote) containing one or more of the following sources of information: user / maintenance manuals for the machines in the production line, electrical wiring diagrams for the machines in the production line, instructional videos and / or 3D animations showing how to perform maintenance or install special kits.

[0053] The production line comprises a coating machine (which may itself be an object of the present invention) which receives the boxes joined to each coating blank from the positioning device and folds the coating blank so that it contacts each box and covers it.

[0054] In an embodiment, the coating machine is of the type described in Italian patent 0001422094 (application number BO2013A000661) in the name of the applicant, which is incorporated herein by reference. Naturally, all functional and structural features of the coating machine of Italian patent 0001422094 are applicable to the coating machine of this embodiment.

[0055] More specifically, the coating machine includes a plate movable along a vertical direction for receiving the coated blank and the box with the base surface of the coated blank joined to the base wall of the box, the vertical side walls of the box received by the plate being oriented along vertical vertical planes and parallel to the vertical and longitudinal directions, and the horizontal side walls being oriented along horizontal vertical planes and parallel to the vertical and horizontal directions.

[0056] On its underside, the plate of the coating machine includes suction cups that hold the inner surface of the base wall of the box. The coating machine includes a suction unit. The suction cups are connected to the suction unit. The plate also includes a number of spacers fixed to the suction surfaces of the suction cups, preferably near the corners of the suction cups. The spacers abut the inner surface of the base wall of the box. The spacers may be in the form of suction cups.

[0057] The coating machine includes a first folding station that folds the longitudinal sides of the coating blanks and positions them in a longitudinal vertical plane so that the longitudinal sides contact the outer surfaces of the corresponding longitudinal side walls of the box. The coating machine includes a second folding station that folds the transverse sides of the coating blanks and positions them in a horizontal vertical plane so that the transverse sides contact the outer surfaces of the corresponding horizontal side walls of the box. The coating machine includes a plurality of intermediate folders, each of which folds a corresponding fold flap so that the flap is folded from the longitudinal vertical plane into the horizontal vertical plane and reaches a position in contact with the transverse side wall of the box.

[0058] In particular, each of the first and second folding stations comprises a folder for folding a side (longitudinal or lateral) of the coated blank to place it in a vertical position with the lower wing in contact with the corresponding side wall of the box. Each of the first and second folding stations also comprises a folder for folding the upper wing of the blank from an upright position to a horizontal position towards the inside of the box. Each of the first and second folding stations comprises a folder for folding the upper wing of the side of the blank to contact the inner surface of the corresponding side wall of the box. Preferably, each of the first and second folding stations comprises a presser for pressing the upper and lower wings of the blank towards each other while they are joined to the inner and outer surfaces of the side wall itself, respectively, for each side wall of the box. The presser includes an abutment plate arranged outside the box to prevent the corresponding side wall of the box placed in contact therewith from being pressed outward, and a push element that is movable relative to the corresponding abutment plate by moving along a horizontal direction parallel to the base surface of the box, and that, when inside the box, is insertable into the box to move parallel to the corresponding abutment plate, thereby pressing the box side wall arranged between the abutment plate and the corresponding push element.

[0059] Preferably, the intermediate folders are movable between a retracted position where they are spaced apart from each other and an advanced position where they are close to each other. More specifically, the intermediate folders are movable along diagonal movement directions including a vertical component along the vertical direction and a horizontal component parallel to the horizontal direction, so that in the retracted position, the intermediate folders are at a first vertical height, and in the advanced position, the intermediate folders are at a second vertical height different from (preferably lower than) the first vertical height. In other words, when moving from the retracted position to the advanced position, the intermediate folders move downward toward the box. On the other hand, when moving from the advanced position to the retracted position, the movement direction is upward. This allows the intermediate folders to remain in the advanced position in contact with the folding flaps of the covering blank for a relatively long time until the folders of the second folding station fold the lower lateral surface over the folding flaps. This prevents the folded folding flaps from leaving the box before being covered by the lower lateral surface. It is noted that this is particularly beneficial in areas where the fold flaps are not pre-glued (e.g., in such areas, the fold flaps are not covered with adhesive to increase smoothness and avoid becoming too stiff).

[0060] The first folding station and the second folding station are positioned at separate heights offset along the vertical direction, and the second vertical height of the intermediate folder is between the height of the first folding station and the height of the second folding station.

[0061] The present invention also relates to a method for manufacturing a covered box (or multiple covered boxes). The method for forming a covered box includes forming a box from a cardboard box blank. The forming step is performed by a forming machine according to one or more aspects of the present invention. The box blank includes a base surface defining a base wall of the box and side surfaces joined to the base surface and foldable to define side walls of the box. Preferably, the forming step includes moving the box blank along a vertical direction. During this movement, the base surface of the box blank is oriented horizontally and the side surfaces interact with a folder that folds the side surfaces vertically.

[0062] A method for manufacturing a covering box includes a gluing step, which includes spreading adhesive on a covering blank including a base surface, a plurality of faces joined to the base, and a plurality of folded flaps joined to the faces, wherein the gluing step is performed by a gluing unit according to one or more aspects of the present invention.

[0063] A method for manufacturing a coated box includes positioning the box on a coated blank such that a base wall of the box rests on a base surface of the coated blank, the positioning step being performed by a positioning device as described in one or more aspects of the present invention.

[0064] A method for manufacturing a coated box includes a coating step, which includes folding a coated blank into contact with the box.

[0065] Preferably, the box blank is moved by a plurality of columns that extend along the vertical direction and move vertically to abut the base wall of the box blank for vertical pushing.

[0066] Preferably, the method for producing a covered box includes a size changeover step, which includes moving the columns toward and away from each other in a horizontal plane perpendicular to the vertical direction between a first arrangement for forming boxes of at least a first size and a second arrangement for forming boxes of a second size different from the first size.

[0067] In at least one embodiment, the bonding step includes selectively applying an adhesive at an elevated temperature onto various portions of the coated blank.

[0068] The molding step of the method of manufacturing the covered box may also include one or more of the aspects described in connection with the method of molding the box. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0069] This and other features of the invention will become more apparent from the following description of preferred embodiments, illustrated by way of non-limiting example in the accompanying drawings. [Figure 1] 1 shows a production line for manufacturing a covering box according to the present invention. [Figure 2] Shows box blank. [Figure 3] Coated blanks are shown. [Figure 4] 1 shows a forming machine according to the present invention. [Figure 5] Figure 4: Detailed view of the forming machine. [Figure 6] Figure 4 shows the details of the molding machine. [Figure 7A] 5 shows a detailed view of the forming machine of FIG. 4 during a size change. [Figure 7B] 5 shows a detailed view of the forming machine of FIG. 4 during a size change. [Figure 8] 1 shows the positioning device according to the invention with the belt removed. [Figure 8A] 9 shows the positioning device of FIG. 8 with a portion of the belt removed by breaking and the resting element removed. [Figure 9] 1 shows a coating machine according to the present invention. [Figure 10] 10 shows a detailed view of the coating machine of FIG. 9. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0070] The present invention provides a production line 1 for manufacturing coated boxes 8. The production line 1 comprises a forming machine 2. The forming machine 2 receives a cardboard box blank 6 and folds it to form a box 60 (without a coating).

[0071] Box blank 6 includes a base surface 6a and side surfaces 6b, 6c, 6d, and 6e joined to base surface 6a. Base surface 6a defines a base wall of box 60. Side surfaces 6b, 6c, 6d, and 6e are foldable to form the side walls of box 60.

[0072] The forming machine 2 comprises a work area in which a blank 6 is received.

[0073] The forming machine 2 is located in the working area and comprises a number of folders 21 which interact with the sides 6b, 6c, 6d, 6e of the blank 6. During the folding of the sides 6b, 6c, 6d, 6e, the folders 21 remain stationary. The folders 21 may move in a horizontal plane (by means of individual actuators) to adapt to the size of the box 60 to be formed.

[0074] The forming machine 2 includes a movement system that moves the blank 6 in a vertical direction V while maintaining a horizontal orientation of the base surface 6a of the blank 6. More specifically, the movement system moves the box blank 6 from a first vertical height (at which the box blank 6 is received in the work area) to a second vertical height that is lower than the first vertical height. During the movement from the first vertical height to the second vertical height, the sides 6b, 6c, 6d, 6e of the box blank 6 move to a vertical position and therefore interact with the folder 21 and are folded.

[0075] The forming machine 2 has multiple heads 22 (specifically, if the forming machine 2 is a four-corner stopper machine for forming a box 60 having four vertical edges, the forming machine 2 has four heads 22).

[0076] Each head 22 includes a feeder 221 that dispenses a section of sealing tape and deposits it adjacent the vertical edge of the box 60 .

[0077] Each head 22 is provided with a presser 222 that presses a piece of sealing tape onto each vertical edge from outside the interior space inside the box 60 .

[0078] Each head 22 includes a cutter 223 that cuts the sealing tape to separate the pieces from the head.

[0079] It should be noted that the presser 222 is positioned at a vertical height lower than the height of the box blank 6 as it is fed into the forming machine 2. In fact, the presser interacts with the vertical edges of the box 60 when the side walls of the box 60 are in an upright position (parallel to the vertical direction V).

[0080] The moving system comprises a plurality of columns 23 (in particular, if the forming machine 2 is a four-corner fixing machine for forming a box 60 having four vertical edges, the forming machine 2 comprises four columns 23). The columns 23 extend in a vertical direction V. The moving system comprises plates 25 located above the columns 23 and removably fixable to the columns 23 (in particular, to their upper ends). The plates 25 are oriented in a horizontal plane at right angles to the vertical direction V. Although the term "plate" is used in the present invention, any element (not necessarily plate-shaped) removably fixable to the columns 23 can be used instead of a plate.

[0081] The movement system comprises a plate actuator 251 that raises and lowers the plate 25. The plate actuator 251 comprises a rack (oriented vertically) and a pinion that is movable on the rack.

[0082] At each of its upper ends, each column 23 is provided with a magnet 231 which can be attached to the plate 25 by magnetic force.

[0083] The forming machine 2 is operable in a working position in which the column 23 is fixed to the plate 25 and moves back and forth in the vertical direction V, and in a size change position in which the column 23 is separated from the plate 25 and is at a minimum vertical height (due to the action of gravity).

[0084] Each head 22 includes a vertically oriented guide 224 to which each column 23 is slidably joined. In the size change configuration, the columns 23 are moved toward and away from each other by the heads 22.

[0085] Each head 22 comprises a beam 225 connecting a heat sealing unit including a cutter 223, a presser 222 and a feeder 221 to a guide 224. Preferably, the beam 225 is double-T shaped (to increase its mechanical strength). Preferably, the beam 225 extends between a first end joined to the heat sealing unit (i.e., the cutter 223, the presser 222 and the feeder 221) and a second end joined to the guide 224, the second end having a vertical height greater than the first end.

[0086] In each head 22, the heat sealing unit (including the cutter 223 and presser 222) is preferably movable relative to the beam and can be moved toward or away from the other heads 22. The heat sealing unit is movable relative to the beam 225 by a respective actuator (preferably pneumatic). In practice, the beam 225 moves during switching and remains stationary during operation (i.e., while the blank is being folded). During operation, the heat sealing unit moves forward to interact with the vertical edge of each box 60, sealing the vertical edge, and then moves back to eject the box 60 once edge sealing is complete.

[0087] Preferably, each head 22 also includes an adjustment device for varying the horizontal distance between the guide 224 of the column 23 and the heat sealing unit. This adjustment is useful to take into account the thickness of the paper or cardboard.

[0088] The forming machine 2 comprises a plurality of crossbars 26 (particularly, first and second crossbars). Each crossbar 26 is oriented in a crossbar direction perpendicular to the vertical direction V. Each head 22 is mounted on a crossbar 26 and is slidable on the crossbar 26 (by an actuator). Preferably, the crossbars 26 are parallel to each other. In particular, two heads 22 are mounted on each of the first and second crossbars 26.

[0089] The forming machine 2 further includes a plurality of guides 27 for the crossbars 26. The guides 27 extend in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the crossbars. The crossbars 26 are slidably joined to the guides 27 so as to move in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the crossbars. Therefore, the movement of the head 22 itself on the crossbars 26 and the movement of the crossbars 26 on the guides 27 allows the head 22 to move in a horizontal plane.

[0090] The forming machine 2 further comprises a plurality of guides 28 for feeding the blanks 6. The guides 28 are oriented parallel to one another and are located at an intermediate vertical height between the guide 224 of the column 23 and the presser 222.

[0091] The production line 1 comprises a gluing unit 3. The gluing unit 3 receives a coated blank 7 and spreads adhesive onto the coated blank 7. In particular, the gluing unit 3 selectively spreads adhesive onto different portions 70 of the coated blank 7.

[0092] The coated blank 7 includes a base surface 7a and a plurality of side surfaces 7b, 7c, 7d, and 7e joined to the base surface 7a. Specifically, the coated blank 7 includes a pair of longitudinal side surfaces 7b and 7c and a pair of transverse side surfaces 7d and 7e. The base surface 7a has a pair of longitudinal boundary lines joined to the longitudinal side surfaces 7b and 7c and a pair of transverse boundary lines joined to the transverse side surfaces 7d and 7e.

[0093] Each of the side surfaces 7b, 7c, 7d, 7e comprises a respective lower wing 7b', 7c', 7d', 7e' joined to the base surface 7a, and a respective upper wing 7b", 7c", 7d", 7e" joined to the respective lower wing 7b', 7c', 7d', 7e'. The covering blank 7 also comprises a plurality of folded flaps 7f, 7g, 7h, 7i joined to the longitudinal side surfaces 7b, 7c. In particular, the folded flaps 7f, 7g, 7h, 7i are joined to the lower wings 7b', 7c' of the longitudinal side surfaces 7b, 7c. In practice, each lower wing 7b', 7c' comprises a first longitudinal boundary line joined to the base surface 7a, a second longitudinal boundary line opposite to the first longitudinal boundary line joined to the respective upper wing 7b", 7c", a first transverse boundary line joined to the first folded flap 7f, 7h, and a second transverse boundary line opposite to the first transverse boundary line joined to the second folded flap 7g, 7i. It should be noted that the longitudinal sides 7b, 7c together with the folded flaps 7f, 7g, 7h, 7i form the longitudinal sides of the covering blank 7. The transverse sides 7d, 7e form the transverse sides of the covering blank 7.

[0094] The adhesive spreading portions 70 of the adhesive unit 3 are located on the upper wings 7b'', 7c'', 7d'', 7e'' (both vertical and horizontal) and on the lower horizontal wings 7e' and 7d'.

[0095] The production line 1 includes a positioning device 4. The production line (positioning device 4) includes a belt 41. The belt 41 receives and transports coated blanks 7 along a feed direction A. The belt 41 includes a first portion 41A having a first color and a second portion 41B having a second color different from the first color. The coated blanks 7 are received on the positioning device 4 with the first piece of the blank located on the first portion 41A of the belt 41 and the second piece of the blank located on the second portion 41B of the belt 41.

[0096] The production line (positioning device 4) includes a frame 44. The frame 44 has a function of supporting the belt 41. The frame 44 includes a box-shaped body defining an internal space therein. The frame 44 has an upper surface 44A and a lower surface. At least one (first) portion of the upper surface of the frame 44 is provided with a hole 45. It should be noted that the hole 45 shown in FIG. 8 only shows a limited portion of the upper surface of the frame for the sake of explanation. In reality, the hole 45 is formed over a wide surface of the upper surface of the frame 44.

[0097] The production line (positioning device 4) includes a suction pump or compressor to generate negative pressure in the internal space of the frame 44, creating a suction effect through the holes 45. The belt 41, which is slidably disposed on the upper surface of the frame 44 due to its elasticity, is air permeable, so that the air flow generated by the holes 45 facilitates the attachment of blanks to the belt 41.

[0098] At least one (second) portion 46 of the top surface of the frame 44 is transparent. Preferably, the hole 45 does not reach the transparent portion 46 (but may reach the entire remaining part of the top surface of the frame 44).

[0099] To illuminate the belt 41, the production line (positioning device 4) may also include one or more lighting bodies 47. In an embodiment, the frame 44 includes one or more lighting bodies 47 that illuminate the belt 41 from below, i.e., from the opposite side relative to the cameras 43A and 43B. For example, the lighting bodies 47 may be located inside the frame 44 (e.g., inside the interior space). Preferably, the lighting bodies 47 emit light that passes through a transparent portion 46 (on the top surface) of the frame. For example, the transparent portion 46 is (operably) positioned between the cameras 43A and 43B and the lighting bodies 47. In an example embodiment, the transparent portion 46 may also be provided with a hole 45.

[0100] Belt 41 may be backlit to enhance the color contrast of images captured by cameras 43A and 43B (eg, in embodiments using illuminator 47 described above).

[0101] The backlighting may be continuous or strobed. The backlighting may be at different frequencies (i.e., different wavelengths). For example, the backlighting may be in the visible, ultraviolet, or infrared spectrum.

[0102] The positioning device 4 further includes a first pair of cameras 43A arranged on the first portion 41A of the belt 41 and capturing an image of a first portion of the coated blank 7, and a second pair of cameras 43B arranged on the second portion 41B of the belt 41 and capturing an image of a second portion of the coated blank 7. The positioning device 4 includes a control unit that selectively activates the first pair or the second pair of cameras 43A, 43B and sequentially captures two images of the first or second portion of the coated blank 7 by the activated pair of cameras 43A, 43B.

[0103] The positioning device 4 comprises a mounting element 42 which includes a push element 421. The push element 421 is movable along the vertical direction. In particular, the mounting element 42 comprises an actuator which raises and lowers the push element 421. The actuator of the mounting element 42 may, for example, comprise a vertically oriented rail and a shoe which is slidable on the rail and integral with the push element 421. The push element 421 interacts with the base wall of the box 60 to move the base wall into a mounting position on the base surface 7a of the coating blank 7.

[0104] The production line 1 further includes a coating machine 5 that receives boxes 60 joined to each coated blank 7 from the positioning device 4 and folds the coated blank 7 to bring it into contact with the box 60 so as to coat the box and form a coated box 8.

[0105] The coating machine 5 comprises a plate movable along a vertical direction V. The plate receives the coating blanks 7 and the boxes 60 and moves them from top to bottom along the vertical direction V. The coating machine 5 comprises a plate actuator that moves the plate along the vertical direction V. The plate actuator may include, for example, a vertically oriented rail and a shoe slidably connected to the rail (if the plate is connected to the shoe).

[0106] The coating machine 5 comprises a first folding station 51 which interacts with the longitudinal sides of the coated blank 7 (during the downward movement of the coated blank 7 and the box 60) to position the longitudinal sides in a longitudinal vertical plane and bring the longitudinal faces 7b, 7c (in particular the lower wings 7b', 7c' of the longitudinal faces 7b, 7c) into contact with the outer surfaces of the corresponding longitudinal side walls of the box 60.

[0107] The first folding station 51 further comprises folders for folding the upper wings 7b", 7c" of the covering blank 7 from an upright position to a horizontal position towards the inside of the box. The first folding station 51 further comprises folders (which may be the same as the folders described above) for folding the upper wings 7b", 7c" of the vertical sides of the blank so that they come into contact with the inner surfaces of the corresponding side walls of the box. The first folding station 51 further comprises pressers for each side wall of the box for pressing the upper and lower wings of the blank, which are respectively joined to the inner and outer surfaces of the vertical side walls themselves, towards each other. The presser comprises an abutment plate 54 arranged outside the box 60 to prevent the outside of the corresponding vertical side wall of the box 60 in the contact position from being pressed outward, and a push element 55 which is movable relative to the corresponding abutment plate 54 by moving along a horizontal direction parallel to the base surface of the box, and which, when inside the box 60, can be inserted into the box 60 to move parallel to the corresponding abutment plate 54, thereby pressing the vertical side wall of the box 60 located between the corresponding abutment plate 54 and the corresponding push element 55.

[0108] The coating machine 5 comprises a plurality of intermediate folders 53, each of which folds a corresponding folding flap 7f, 7g, 7h, 7i from a longitudinal vertical plane to a horizontal vertical plane and places it in contact with the horizontal side wall of the box 60.

[0109] The intermediate folders 53 are movable between a retracted position where they are spaced apart from one another and an advanced position where they are close to one another and interact with the folding flaps 7f, 7g, 7h, 7i. The intermediate folders 53 are movable along diagonal movement directions D1, D2, D3, D4, each having a vertical component parallel to the vertical direction V and a horizontal component parallel to the horizontal direction T, so that in the retracted position, the intermediate folders 53 are at a first vertical height, and in the advanced position, the intermediate folders 53 are at a second vertical height lower than the first vertical height.

[0110] For each intermediate folder 53, the coating machine 5 is provided with a separate actuator 531 for moving the intermediate folder 53 between the retracted position and the approach position. Preferably, the actuator 531 of the intermediate folder 53 is driven by a brushless motor.

[0111] The coating machine 5 comprises a second folding station 52 which folds the lateral sides of the coating blank 7, places them in a lateral vertical plane and brings the lateral faces 7d, 7e (in particular the lower wings 7d', 7e' of the lateral faces 7d, 7e) into contact with the outer surfaces of the corresponding lateral side walls of the box 60 (and further with the folded flaps 7f, 7g, 7h, 7i which have already been folded by the intermediate folder 53).

[0112] The second folding station 52 further comprises folders for folding the upper wings 7d", 7e" of the coated blank 7 from an upright position to a horizontal position towards the inside of the box 60. The second folding station 52 further comprises folders (which may be identical to the folders described above) for folding the upper wings 7d", 7e" of the vertical sides of the blank so that they come into contact with the inner surfaces of the corresponding side walls of the box 60. The second folding station 52 further comprises pressers for each vertical side wall of the box, which press the upper and lower wings of the blank that are respectively joined to the inner and outer surfaces of the vertical side wall itself towards each other. The presser of the second folding station 52, like that of the first folding station 51, comprises an abutment plate 56 arranged outside the box to prevent the outside of the corresponding vertical side wall of the box 60 in the contact position from being pressed outward, and a pushing element 57 which is movable relative to the corresponding abutment plate 56 by moving along a horizontal direction parallel to the base surface of the box, and which, when inside the box 60, can be inserted into the box 60 to move parallel towards the corresponding abutment plate 56, thereby pressing the lateral side wall of the box 60 located between the corresponding abutment plate 56 and the corresponding pushing element 57.

[0113] The intermediate folder 53 is located along the vertical direction V between the first and second folding stations 51, 52.

[0114] Preferably, the changeover is performed by swapping the folders (and, if necessary, the plates) of the first folding station 51 and the second folding station 52. However, the changeover does not require the replacement of the intermediate folder 53.

[0115] The following paragraphs, listed alphabetically for reference, are in the form of non-limiting examples illustrating the present invention.

[0116] A0. 1. A forming machine for forming a box from a paper or cardboard blank including a base surface defining a base wall of the box and side surfaces joined to the base surface and foldable to define side walls of the box, the forming machine comprising: a work area for receiving the blanks; - a plurality of folders arranged in the working area and interacting with the sides of the blanks to fold them in juxtaposition with their transverse boundaries defining the vertical edges of the side walls of the box, and arranged parallel to the vertical, so that the sides of the blanks define the interior space inside the box; a plurality of vertically extending and vertically movable columns, each of which can be positioned within the interior space of the box and can abut against a respective vertical edge; Equipped with.

[0117] A. In the forming machine described in paragraph A0 having a plurality of heads, each head of the plurality of heads includes a presser for abutting a corresponding vertical edge from outside the space inside the box, so that each column of the plurality of columns can be positioned in front of each presser within the interior space inside the box to abut a respective vertical edge of the side wall of the box, the vertical edge being operatively located between the column itself and the presser.

[0118] A1. In the molding machine described in paragraph A, each of the plurality of heads is movable toward and away from one another.

[0119] A1.1. In the molding machine described in paragraph A, each of the plurality of heads is movable toward and away from one another in a synchronized manner.

[0120] A1.2. In a forming machine as described in paragraph A1 or paragraph A1.1, each head of the plurality of heads is movable in a horizontal plane, perpendicular to the vertical direction, between a retracted position (out of the way of a box placed in the work area) and an advanced position (acting against each vertical edge of the box).

[0121] A1.3. In the forming machine of paragraph A1 or A1.2, each head of the plurality of heads moves an associated column in a horizontal plane.

[0122] A2. 10. The molding machine of any one of paragraphs A-A1.1, wherein each head of the plurality of heads comprises: a feeder for placing a piece of sealing tape facing each vertical edge; a cutter for cutting the sealing tape and separating the pieces from the head; The presser presses pieces of sealing tape onto each vertical edge from the outside of the interior space inside the box.

[0123] A3. The molding machine of any one of paragraphs A-A2, wherein each column of the plurality of columns is associated with a respective head of the plurality of heads.

[0124] A3.1. The forming machine of paragraph A3, wherein each head of the plurality of heads includes a vertically oriented guide, and each column of the plurality of columns is slidably joined to the guide of each head.

[0125] A3.1.1. In the forming machine according to paragraph A3.1, for each head of the plurality of heads the guide is located at a different vertical height relative to the corresponding presser.

[0126] A3.1.1.1. In the forming machine according to paragraph A3.1.1, for each head of the plurality of heads, the guide is located at a higher vertical height than the corresponding presser.

[0127] A4. In any one of paragraphs A0 to A3.1.1.1, the forming machine includes a vertically movable plate positioned above the columns, and each of the multiple columns is removably connectable to the plate, such that the forming machine can be operated in a working configuration in which the columns are connected to the plate for vertical movement together, and a switching configuration in which the columns are disconnected from the plate and can move horizontally together with the head as a unit.

[0128] A4.1. In the forming machine described in paragraph A4, which has a plurality of heads, each head of the plurality of heads includes a vertically oriented guide, each column of the plurality of columns is slidably joined to the guide of each head, and the plate is located above the guide.

[0129] A4.2. In a forming machine as described in paragraph A4 or A4.1, the plate comprises a ferromagnetic material and each column of the plurality of columns comprises a magnet at its upper end that is magnetically joinable to the plate.

[0130] A4.2.1. A forming machine as described in paragraph A4.2, comprising, for each column, an electric circuit including an electric winding through which a current can be passed in order to generate a magnetic force capable of impeding or nullifying the magnetic force inherent in each magnet, the inherent magnetic force of the magnet being the force of attraction between the magnet and the plate.

[0131] A5. In a forming machine described in any one of paragraphs A to A4.2.1, each head of the plurality of heads includes a vertically oriented guide to which each column of the plurality of columns is joined and a cutter for cutting the sealing tape, and for each head of the plurality of heads, the corresponding guide is located at a predetermined distance from each cutter in the horizontal movement direction of the cutter in an advanced position toward the corresponding guide of another head of the plurality of heads.

[0132] A5.1. The forming machine of paragraph A5, comprising an adjustment device for each head of the plurality of heads to change the predetermined distance between the guide and the corresponding cutter.

[0133] B. 1. A method of forming a box from a paper or cardboard blank including a base surface defining a base wall of the box and side surfaces joined to the base surface and foldable to define side walls of the box, said method comprising the steps of: - positioning a blank in a work area; - folding the sides of the blank so that they are juxtaposed and parallel to the vertical with their lateral boundaries defining the vertical edges of the side walls of the box, so that the sides of the blank define the interior space inside the box; - sealing the vertical edges with a plurality of pressers, the sealing step including at least one sub-step of pressing the vertical edges with a plurality of pressers operatively arranged outside the box interior space; said method comprising the steps of: - providing a plurality of columns (23); - moving the columns (23) in a vertical direction (V) so that during the sealing step each vertical edge is placed between each presser (222) of the plurality of pressers and each column (23) of the plurality of columns (23); Includes:

[0134] B1. The method of paragraph B, wherein the pressers are adjacent to each other during the sealing step.

[0135] B1.1. The method of paragraph B1, wherein during the sealing step, the pressers approach each other in a synchronized manner.

[0136] B1.2. The method of any of paragraphs B to B1.1, wherein the sealing step comprises, for each vertical edge, the following substeps: feeding a section of sealing tape against the vertical edge by a feeder forming part of the head; applying a piece of sealing tape to the outer vertical edge of the box interior space by a presser positioned outside the box interior space and moving toward the vertical edge of the box; cutting the sealing tape to separate the pieces using a cutter forming part of the head; Includes:

[0137] B2. The method of any one of paragraphs B to B1.2, wherein during the folding step, each column of the plurality of columns is integral with a plate and moves along the vertical direction by raising and lowering the plate.

[0138] B2.1. In the method of paragraph B, during the folding step, the plate to which the columns are fixed prevents movement of each column of the plurality of columns in a horizontal plane.

[0139] B3. The method of any one of paragraphs B-B2.1, including a size-changing step that includes moving the columns toward and away from each other in a horizontal plane perpendicular to the vertical direction.

[0140] B3.1. In the method described in paragraph B3, during the folding step, each column of the plurality of columns is integrated with the plate and moves along a vertical direction as the plate is raised and lowered, and during the size changing step, each column of the plurality of columns is detached from the plate and moves in a horizontal plane.

[0141] B3.1.1. In the method described in paragraph B3.1, during the resizing step, the column is moved in a horizontal plane by each sealing head, on each of which one of the pressers is mounted.

[0142] B4. In the method of any one of paragraphs B to B3.1.1, the folding step includes moving the blank along a vertical direction with each column of a plurality of columns abutting against a base surface of the blank, moving along a vertical direction, and pushing the blank along the vertical direction, and while the blank is moving, the sides interact with a plurality of folders positioned in a working area outside the plurality of columns.

[0143] C. An adhesive unit receives a coated blank and spreads adhesive on the coated blank, the coated blank including a base surface, a plurality of faces joined to the surface, and a plurality of folded flaps joined to the faces.

[0144] C1. The bonding unit of paragraph C, including a delivery nozzle that delivers adhesive at an elevated temperature selectively onto various portions of the coated blank.

[0145] C1.1. In the bonding unit described in paragraph C1, the coated blank includes a base surface and a plurality of side surfaces bonded to the base surface, and at least one nozzle selectively applies adhesive at an elevated temperature onto various portions of the surface of each of the plurality of side surfaces.

[0146] C1.1.1. In the gluing unit described in paragraph C1.1, the coated blank further comprises a plurality of folded flaps joined to its longitudinal surfaces, and at least one nozzle delivers adhesive at an elevated temperature onto various portions of the coated blank different from the folded flaps, so that the folded flaps of the coated blank are free of adhesive when they exit the gluing unit.

[0147] D. A positioning device that receives the formed box and the covering blank and positions the box on the covering blank so that the base wall of the box rests on the base surface of the covering blank.

[0148] D1. 10. The positioning device of paragraph D, comprising: a belt for receiving and conveying coated blanks along a feed direction; a placement element movable between a collection position for receiving a box and a placement position for placing the box in a predetermined position on a coated blank being transported by the belt; a control unit; - at least one camera that captures images of the coated blanks located on the belt and that is connected to a control unit that compares the camera-captured images with a pre-stored fiducial reference model and corrects the placement position of the placement element depending on the comparison between the camera-captured image and the fiducial reference image; Includes:

[0149] D1.1. In the positioning device described in paragraph D1, the positioning device includes a first pair of cameras and a second pair of cameras defining at least one camera, and the control unit selectively activates the first pair of cameras or the second pair of cameras to capture each image.

[0150] D1.1.1. In the positioning device described in paragraph D1.1, the belt includes at least one first portion having a first color and a second portion having a second color different from the first color, and a first pair of cameras capture images of various portions of the coated blank located on the first portion of the belt, and a second pair of cameras capture images of various portions of the coated blank located on the second portion of the belt.

[0151] D2. The positioning device of any one of paragraphs D-D1.1.1, comprising a screen connected to the control unit and displaying images captured by the at least one camera.

[0152] E. A coating machine receives boxes joined to each coating blank with the base wall of the box resting on the coating blank, and folds the coating blank to contact each box so as to cover the box.

[0153] E1. The coating machine of paragraph E, wherein the coating blank includes a base surface and a plurality of side surfaces joined to the base surface, the plurality of side surfaces including longitudinal surfaces joined to the base surface along longitudinal sides of the base surface and transverse surfaces joined to the base surface along the longitudinal sides of the base surface transverse to the longitudinal sides, the coating blank further includes a plurality of folded flaps joined to the longitudinal surfaces, and the coating machine further comprises: a plate movable along a vertical direction, the plate receiving the covering blank and the box with the base surface of the covering blank joined to the base wall of the box, the vertical side walls of the box received by the plate being oriented along a vertical vertical plane and parallel to the vertical and longitudinal directions, and the horizontal side walls being oriented along a horizontal vertical plane and parallel to the vertical and lateral directions; a first folding station for folding longitudinal sides of the covering blank and positioning them in longitudinal vertical planes such that the longitudinal sides are in contact with the outer surfaces of the corresponding longitudinal side walls of the box; a second folding station for folding the lateral sides of the covering blank and placing them in a lateral vertical plane with the lateral sides in contact with the outer surfaces of the corresponding lateral side walls of the box; a plurality of intermediate folders, each of which folds a corresponding folding flap so that the flap folds from a longitudinal vertical plane to a horizontal vertical plane and reaches a position in contact with a lateral side wall of the box; Equipped with.

[0154] E1.1. In the coating machine according to paragraph E1, the intermediate folder is movable along each diagonal movement direction, which includes a vertical component along the vertical direction and a lateral component parallel to the lateral direction.

[0155] E1.2. A coating machine according to paragraph E1 or E1.1, wherein the intermediate folders are movable between a retracted position in which they are spaced apart from one another and an advanced position in which they are close to one another.

[0156] E1.2.1. The coating machine of paragraph E1.2, wherein in the retracted position the intermediate folder is at a first vertical height and in the advanced position the intermediate folder is at a second vertical height different from the first vertical height.

[0157] E1.2.1.1. In the coating machine described in paragraph E1.2.1, the first folding station and the second folding station are located at different heights and offset along the vertical direction, and the second vertical height of the intermediate folder is between the height of the first folding station and the height of the second folding station.

[0158] E1.3. The coating machine of any one of paragraphs E.1 to E1.2.1.1, wherein the plate of the coating machine includes suction cups that hold the inner surface of the base wall of the box.

[0159] E2.

[0023] The coating machine of any one of paragraphs E-E1.3, wherein each side of the plurality of sides includes a lower wing joined to the base surface and an upper wing joined to the lower wing, and the first and second folding stations fold the lower wing into contact with a side wall of the box, and the coating machine: a third folding station for folding the upper wings towards the inside of the box and positioning them horizontally; a fourth folding station for folding the top wings of the covering blank and positioning them in contact with the inner surface of the side wall of the box; a presser for pressing the upper and lower wings, which are respectively joined to the inner and outer surfaces of the side walls of the box, so that they approach each other; Includes:

[0160] F. 1. A production line for manufacturing a covering box, comprising: - the forming machine of any one of paragraphs A to A5.1, the forming machine including a plurality of folders and a transfer system for receiving horizontally oriented box blanks and moving them along a vertical direction, wherein as the box blanks move along the vertical direction, the folders interact with the sides to fold the sides vertically; - an adhesive unit according to any one of paragraphs C to C1.1.1; - a positioning device according to any one of paragraphs D to D2, which receives a box from a forming machine and a coated blank from a gluing unit; - a coating machine according to any one of paragraphs E to E2, which receives a box joined to each coated blank from the positioning device; Equipped with.

[0161] F1. In the production line described in paragraph F, the movement system of the forming machine includes a plurality of columns extending along a vertical direction and abutting against a base surface of a box blank received in the forming machine, and each of the plurality of columns is movable along the vertical direction to push the box blank vertically.

[0162] F1.1. In the production line described in paragraph F1, each of the plurality of columns is movable toward and away from one another in a horizontal plane perpendicular to the vertical direction between a first position for forming boxes of a first size and a second position for forming boxes of a second size different from the first size.

[0163] G. 1. A method for manufacturing a jacketed box, comprising the steps of: - forming a box from a cardboard box blank, the box blank including a base surface defining a base wall of the box and side surfaces joined to the base surface and foldable to define side walls of the box, the forming step including moving the box blank along a vertical direction, during which the base surface of the box blank is oriented horizontally and the side surfaces interact with folders that fold the side surfaces vertically; - a bonding step including spreading adhesive on a covering blank including a base surface, a plurality of faces joined to the base surface, and a plurality of folded flaps joined to the faces; - positioning the box on the covering blank so that the base wall of the box rests on the base face of the covering blank; a coating step including folding the coated blank into contact with the box; Includes:

[0164] G1. In the method of paragraph G, during the forming step, the box blank is moved by a plurality of columns that extend along the vertical direction and move vertically to abut against the base wall of the box blank so as to push the box blank vertically.

[0165] G1.1. The method of paragraph G1, including a size changing step that includes moving the columns toward and away from each other in a horizontal plane perpendicular to the vertical direction between a first configuration for forming boxes of a first size and a second configuration for forming boxes of a second size different from the first size.

[0166] G2. The method of paragraph G or paragraph G1, wherein the bonding step includes selectively applying adhesive onto various portions of the coated blank.

[0167] G2.1. In the method of paragraph G2, the coated blank includes a base surface and a plurality of side surfaces joined to the base surface, and the adhesive is selectively applied at an elevated temperature onto various portions of the surface of each of the plurality of side surfaces.

Claims

1. A forming machine (2) for forming boxes (60) from cardboard blanks (6), comprising: The cardboard blank (6) comprises a base surface (6a) that defines a base wall of the box (60), and side surfaces (6b, 6c, 6d, 6e) that are joined to the base surface (6a) and are foldable to define side walls of the box (60); The forming machine (2) a work area for receiving said cardboard blanks (6); a plurality of folders (21) arranged in the working area and interacting with the side surfaces (6b, 6c, 6d, 6e) of the cardboard blanks (6) to fold them in juxtaposition with their lateral boundaries defining the vertical edges of the side walls of the box (60) and aligning them parallel to the vertical direction (V), whereby the side surfaces (6b, 6c, 6d, 6e) of the cardboard blanks (6) define the boundaries of the interior space inside the box (60); A plurality of heads (22) that can be moved toward or away from each other, Each head (22) of the plurality of heads (22) a feeder (221) for placing a piece of sealing tape facing each vertical edge; a presser (222) for pressing pieces of sealing tape against each vertical edge from outside the interior space inside the box (60); a cutter (223) for cutting the sealing tape to separate the pieces; The forming machine (2) further comprises a plurality of columns (23) extending along a vertical direction (V) and movable along the vertical direction (V); Each column (23) can be positioned in the interior space of the box (60) at a position in front of each presser (222) so as to abut against each vertical edge, the vertical edge being operatively located between the column (23) itself and the presser (222); Each column (23) of the plurality of columns (23) is associated with each head (22) of the plurality of heads (22); Each head (22) of the plurality of heads (22) is movable in a horizontal plane, perpendicular to a vertical direction (V), between a retracted position and an advanced position; The retracted position is a position where each head does not interfere with the box (60) placed in the work area, and the advanced position is a position where each head acts against a vertical edge of the box (60), Each head (22) of the plurality of heads (22) moves an associated column (23) in a horizontal plane; The forming machine (2) further comprises a vertically movable plate (25), Each column of the plurality of columns (23) can be removably joined to the plate (25), whereby the forming machine (2) can be operated in a working position in which the columns (23) are joined to the plate (25) for vertical movement therewith, and a switching position in which the columns (23) are detached from the plate (25) and can move horizontally together with the head (22) as a unit.

2. 2. The forming machine (2) of claim 1, wherein each head (22) of the plurality of heads (22) includes a vertically oriented guide (224), and each column (23) of the plurality of columns (23) is slidably joined to the vertically oriented guide (224) of each head (22).

3. 3. The forming machine (2) of claim 2, wherein for each head (22) of the plurality of heads (22), the vertically oriented guide (224) is located at a greater vertical height relative to a corresponding presser (222).

4. 4. A forming machine (2) according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the plate (25) is located above the vertically oriented guide (224).

5. 2. The forming machine (2) of claim 1, wherein the plate (25) comprises a ferromagnetic material, and each of the plurality of columns comprises a magnet (231) at an upper end of each column that can be joined to the plate (25) by magnetic force.

6. an electric circuit including an electric winding through which an electric current can pass is provided for each column (23) in order to generate a magnetic force capable of interfering with or nullifying the magnetic force inherent in each of the magnets (231); 6. The forming machine (2) according to claim 5, wherein the intrinsic magnetic force of the magnet (231) is an attractive force between the magnet (231) and the plate (25).

7. The forming machine (2) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein each head (22) of the plurality of heads (22) includes a vertically oriented guide (224) to which each column (23) of the plurality of columns (23) is slidably joined.

8. 8. The forming machine (2) of claim 7, wherein for each head (22) of the plurality of heads (22), the corresponding vertical orientation guide (224) is located at a predetermined distance from each cutter (223) in the horizontal movement direction of the cutter (223) when in an advanced position toward the vertical orientation guide (224) corresponding to another head (22) of the plurality of heads (22).

9. 9. The forming machine (2) according to claim 8, further comprising an adjustment device for each head (22) of the plurality of heads (22) for changing the predetermined distance between the vertical orientation guide (224) and the corresponding cutter (223).

10. A forming machine (2) for forming a box (60) from a cardboard blank (6) made of cardboard, comprising: The cardboard blank (6) comprises a base surface (6a) that defines a base wall of the box (60), and side surfaces (6b, 6c, 6d, 6e) that are joined to the base surface (6a) and are foldable to define side walls of the box (60); The forming machine (2) a work area for receiving said cardboard blanks (6); a plurality of folders (21) arranged in the working area and interacting with the side surfaces (6b, 6c, 6d, 6e) of the cardboard blanks (6) to fold them in juxtaposition with their lateral boundaries defining the vertical edges of the side walls of the box (60) and aligning them parallel to the vertical direction (V), whereby the side surfaces (6b, 6c, 6d, 6e) of the cardboard blanks (6) define the boundaries of an internal space inside the box (60); a plurality of heads (22); Each head (22) of the plurality of heads (22) includes a presser (222) that abuts against a corresponding vertical edge from outside the space inside the box (60), The forming machine (2) further comprises a plurality of columns (23) extending along a vertical direction (V) and movable along the vertical direction (V); Each of the columns (23) of the plurality of columns (23) can be positioned in front of each presser (222) so as to abut against each vertical edge within the internal space of the box (60); The vertical edge is operatively located between the column (23) itself and the presser (222), Each column (23) of the plurality of columns (23) is associated with each head of the plurality of heads (22), Each of the plurality of columns (23) is supported by a respective one of the plurality of heads (22); Each head (22) of the plurality of heads (22) is movable in a horizontal plane, perpendicular to a vertical direction (V), between a retracted position and an advanced position; The retracted position is a position where each head does not interfere with the box (60) placed in the work area, and the advanced position is a position where each head acts against a vertical edge of the box (60), Each head (22) of the plurality of heads (22) moves an associated column (23) in a horizontal plane; The forming machine (2) further comprises a vertically movable plate (25), Each column of the plurality of columns (23) can be removably joined to the plate (25), whereby the forming machine (2) can be operated in a working position in which the columns (23) are joined to the plate (25) for vertical movement therewith, and a switching position in which the columns (23) are detached from the plate (25) and can move horizontally together with the head (22) as a unit.

11. A production line (1) for manufacturing coated cardboard boxes, comprising: A forming machine (2) according to any one of claims 1 to 10, a gluing unit (3) for receiving a coated blank (7) and spreading adhesive on said coated blank (7); a positioning device (4) for receiving the box (60) from the forming machine (2) and the coated blank (7) from the gluing unit (3) and for placing the box (60) on the coated blank (7); a coating machine (5) that receives the boxes (60) joined to each coating blank (7) from a positioning device (4) and folds the coating blank (7) to bring it into contact with the box (60) so as to cover the box.

12. A method for forming a box (60) from a cardboard blank (6), comprising the steps of: The cardboard blank (6) comprises a base surface (6a) that defines a base wall of the box (60), and side surfaces (6b, 6c, 6d, 6e) that are joined to the base surface (6a) and are foldable to define side walls of the box (60); The method comprises: Positioning said cardboard blank (6) in a working area; a step of folding the side surfaces (6b, 6c, 6d, 6e) of the cardboard blank (6) so that they are arranged parallel to the vertical direction (V) with their lateral boundary lines juxtaposed to define the vertical edges of the side walls of the box (60), whereby the side surfaces (6b, 6c, 6d, 6e) of the cardboard blank (6) delimit the interior space inside the box (60); sealing the vertical edges with a plurality of pressers (222), a plurality of corresponding cutters (223), and a plurality of corresponding feeders (221); Equipped with The sealing step includes: a sub-step of feeding a piece of sealing tape by a corresponding feeder (221) of the plurality of feeders (221) so as to face the vertical edge; applying the pieces of sealing tape to the vertical edge outside the interior space of the box (60) by a presser (222) of a plurality of pressers (222) positioned outside the interior space of the box (60) and moving toward the vertical edge; and cutting the sealing tape to separate the pieces using one cutter (223) of the plurality of cutters (223); The method further comprises: providing a plurality of columns (23); and during the sealing step, moving the columns (23) in the vertical direction (V) so that each vertical edge is located between each presser (222) of the plurality of pressers and each column (23) of the plurality of columns (23), The method comprises: supporting each of the plurality of columns (23) by a respective one of the plurality of heads (22); moving each head (22) of the plurality of heads (22) in a horizontal plane, perpendicular to a vertical direction (V), between a retracted position and an advanced position, the retracted position being a position where each head does not interfere with the box (60) positioned in the work area, and the advanced position being a position where each head acts against a respective vertical edge of the box (60); moving each column (23) in a horizontal plane by movement of each associated head (22); Providing a vertically movable plate (25); and removably joining each column of the plurality of columns (23) to the plate (25), whereby, in a working configuration, the columns (23) are joined to the plate (25) for vertical movement together, and, in a switching configuration, the columns (23) are detached from the plate (25) and can move horizontally together with the head (22) as a unit.

13. 13. A method for forming a box according to claim 12, comprising a switching step including a moving step of moving the columns (23) towards and away from each other in a horizontal plane perpendicular to the vertical direction (V).

14. 14. The method for forming a box according to claim 13, wherein the folding step comprises moving the cardboard blank (6) along the vertical direction (V) by a plurality of columns (23) abutting against a base surface (6a) of the cardboard blank (6), moving along the vertical direction (V) and pushing the cardboard blank (6) along the vertical direction (V), wherein during the movement of the cardboard blank (6), side surfaces (6b, 6c, 6d, 6e) interact with a plurality of folders (21) arranged in the working area outside the plurality of columns (23).

15. a size switching step including moving the plurality of columns toward and away from each other in a horizontal plane perpendicular to the vertical direction between a first arrangement for molding boxes of at least a first size and a second arrangement for molding boxes of a second size different from the first size; During the folding step, while the plate (25) prevents each of the columns (23) from moving in a horizontal plane, each of the columns (23) is integrated with the plate (25) and moves along a vertical direction (V) by raising and lowering the plate (25); 15. The method for forming a box according to claim 14, wherein during the size switching step, each column (23) of the plurality of columns (23) moves in a horizontal plane away from the plate (25).

16. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein during the switching step, each column of the plurality of columns is moved in a horizontal plane by a respective head on which each presser of the plurality of pressers is mounted.

17. A forming machine (2) for forming boxes (60) from cardboard blanks (6), comprising: The cardboard blank (6) comprises a base surface (6a) that defines a base wall of the box (60), and side surfaces (6b, 6c, 6d, 6e) that are joined to the base surface (6a) and are foldable to define side walls of the box (60); The forming machine (2) a work area for receiving said cardboard blanks (6); a plurality of folders (21) arranged in the working area and interacting with the side surfaces (6b, 6c, 6d, 6e) of the cardboard blanks (6) to fold them in juxtaposition with their lateral boundaries defining the vertical edges of the side walls of the box (60) and aligning them parallel to the vertical direction (V), whereby the side surfaces (6b, 6c, 6d, 6e) of the cardboard blanks (6) define the boundaries of the interior space inside the box (60); A plurality of heads (22) that can be moved toward or away from each other, Each head (22) of the plurality of heads (22) a feeder (221) for placing a piece of sealing tape facing each vertical edge; a presser (222) for pressing pieces of sealing tape against each vertical edge from outside the interior space inside the box (60); a cutter (223) for cutting the sealing tape to separate the pieces; The forming machine (2) further comprises a plurality of columns (23) extending along a vertical direction (V) and movable along the vertical direction (V); Each column (23) can be positioned in the interior space of the box (60) at a position in front of each presser (222) so as to abut against each vertical edge, the vertical edge being operatively located between the column (23) itself and the presser (222); Each head (22) of the plurality of heads (22) includes a vertically oriented guide (224) to which each column (23) of the plurality of columns (23) is slidably joined; In the forming machine (2), the vertical orientation guide (224) corresponding to each head (22) of the plurality of heads (22) is located at a predetermined distance from each cutter (223) in the horizontal movement direction of the cutter (223) when in an advanced position toward the vertical orientation guide (224) corresponding to another head (22) of the plurality of heads (22).

18. A method for forming a box (60) from a cardboard blank (6), comprising the steps of: The cardboard blank (6) comprises a base surface (6a) that defines a base wall of the box (60), and side surfaces (6b, 6c, 6d, 6e) that are joined to the base surface (6a) and are foldable to define side walls of the box (60); The method comprises: Positioning said cardboard blank (6) in a working area; a step of folding the side surfaces (6b, 6c, 6d, 6e) of the cardboard blank (6) so that they are arranged parallel to the vertical direction (V) with their lateral boundary lines juxtaposed to define the vertical edges of the side walls of the box (60), whereby the side surfaces (6b, 6c, 6d, 6e) of the cardboard blank (6) delimit the interior space inside the box (60); sealing the vertical edges with a plurality of pressers (222), a plurality of corresponding cutters (223), and a plurality of corresponding feeders (221); Equipped with The sealing step includes: a sub-step of feeding a piece of sealing tape by a corresponding feeder (221) of the plurality of feeders (221) so as to face the vertical edge; applying the pieces of sealing tape to the vertical edge outside the interior space of the box (60) by a presser (222) of a plurality of pressers (222) positioned outside the interior space of the box (60) and moving toward the vertical edge; and cutting the sealing tape to separate the pieces using one cutter (223) of the plurality of cutters (223); The method comprises: providing a plurality of columns (23); and during the sealing step, moving the columns (23) in the vertical direction (V) so that each vertical edge is located between each presser (222) of the plurality of pressers and each column (23) of the plurality of columns (23), The method includes a switching step including a moving step of moving the columns (23) toward and away from each other in a horizontal plane perpendicular to a vertical direction (V), The folding step includes moving the cardboard blank (6) along the vertical direction (V) by a plurality of columns (23) abutting against a base surface (6a) of the cardboard blank (6), moving along the vertical direction (V) and pushing the cardboard blank (6) along the vertical direction (V), and during the movement of the cardboard blank (6), the sides (6b, 6c, 6d, 6e) interact with a plurality of folders (21) arranged in the working area outside the plurality of columns (23); The method comprises: a size switching step including moving the plurality of columns toward and away from each other in a horizontal plane perpendicular to the vertical direction between a first arrangement for molding boxes of at least a first size and a second arrangement for molding boxes of a second size different from the first size; During the folding step, while the plate (25) prevents each of the columns (23) from moving in a horizontal plane, each of the columns (23) is integrated with the plate (25) and moves along a vertical direction (V) by raising and lowering the plate (25); During the size switching step, each column (23) of the plurality of columns (23) is moved away from the plate (25) in a horizontal plane.

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