Chuck system for powered surgical impactor

Abstract

To provide a chuck system for a powered surgical impactor.SOLUTION: A chuck for a powered surgical impactor can include: a first body being insertable into the powered surgical impactor and defining a first bit bore; a second body adapted to receive the first body; and a third body being receivable at least partially within the second body and defining a second bit bore. The third body can define a lock projection extending radially inward into the second bit bore. The third body and the second body can be adapted to rotate relative to the first body to move the lock projection between an unlocked position, in which the lock projection is located to allow insertion of a surgical instrument into the chuck, and a locked position, in which the lock projection is located to prevent removal of the surgical instrument from the chuck.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1A

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present disclosure relates generally, but not exclusively, to systems and methods for providing an axial impact force to a surgical instrument. More particularly, but not exclusively, the present disclosure relates to systems and methods for operably coupling a surgical instrument to a powered surgical impactor. [Background technology]

[0002] During orthopedic surgery, surgical instruments such as handheld impactors can be used to provide axial impact forces for various purposes, such as driving an implant into bone, cutting or shaping a bone surface, or moving a bone fragment or segment to a desired position. For example, in total hip arthroplasty (e.g., a hip replacement procedure), axial impact forces can be used to help prepare the patient's acetabular cup or femur to accommodate the implant, such as by driving an acetabular implant into the acetabular socket or a broach into the femur to shape the bone envelope for a femoral implant. Surgical instruments can be manually positioned by the surgeon relative to the patient, or they can be connected to a robotic arm to help the surgeon more precisely maintain the impactor in one or more positions relative to the patient. Typically, such axial impact forces have been applied manually to orthopedic surgical instruments using a mallet. However, powered surgical impactors have recently become available, which can provide more consistent and repeatable axial impact forces to orthopedic surgical instruments.

[0003] In the drawings, which are not necessarily drawn to scale, like numerals may depict similar components in different views. Like numerals with different letter suffixes may represent different instances of similar components. The drawings illustrate generally, by way of example, but not by way of limitation, various embodiments discussed herein. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0004] [Figure 1A] FIG. 1A illustrates a partial cross-sectional view of a chuck system in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present application. [Figure 1B] FIG. 1B illustrates a partial cross-sectional view of a chuck system in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present application. [Figure 1C] FIG. 1C illustrates a chuck coupled to a surgical impactor in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present application. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 illustrates an exploded view of a chuck, in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present application. [Figure 3] FIG. 3 illustrates an exploded view of a chuck system in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present application. [Figure 4A] FIG. 4A illustrates a cross section of a chuck coupled to a surgical impactor, according to at least one embodiment of the present application. [Figure 4B] FIG. 4B illustrates a partial cross-sectional view of a chuck system in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present application. [Figure 5] FIG. 5 illustrates a chuck partially inserted into a surgical impactor in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present application. [Figure 6] FIG. 6 illustrates a cross section of a chuck coupled to a surgical impactor 102, in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present application. [Figure 7] FIG. 7 illustrates several surgical instruments for use with the chuck of FIGS. 1-6, in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present application. [Figure 8] FIG. 8 illustrates a method of operably coupling a surgical instrument to a surgical impactor in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present application. [Figure 9A] FIG. 9A illustrates an exploded view of a chuck system in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present application. [Figure 9B] FIG. 9B illustrates a cross section of a chuck system in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present application. [Figure 9C]FIG. 9C illustrates a second cross section of a chuck system in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present application. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] The following description and drawings sufficiently illustrate embodiments to enable those skilled in the art to practice them. Other embodiments may include structural, process, or other changes. Portions and features of some embodiments may be included in or substituted for those of other embodiments. Embodiments set forth in the claims encompass all available equivalents of those claims.

[0006] A total hip replacement or total hip arthroplasty may involve making an access incision in the patient's hip region. Various surgical devices configured to ream, cut, broach, impact, or otherwise prepare the patient's bone surfaces during a total hip arthroplasty procedure may be inserted through the incision to access, for example, the proximal femur or acetabular cup. Preparation of the proximal femur, e.g., the femoral head, often involves broaching the femur to create a bone envelope for implant insertion, such as by repeatedly applying an axial impact force to a surgical instrument in contact with the femur. Preparation of the acetabular cup often involves inserting or otherwise placing an implant within the acetabular cup, such as by repeatedly applying an axial impact force to a surgical instrument holding or in contact with the implant.

[0007] As discussed above, such axial impact forces have generally been applied manually to orthopedic surgical instruments, for example, by a surgeon manually striking the instrument with a mallet repeatedly. However, this can be a difficult and potentially dangerous task for the surgeon. For example, carefully maintaining the surgical instrument in a single axially aligned position while repeatedly striking the impactor with a consistent force can be a challenging and tiring task, and manually striking the impactor with a handheld instrument can potentially lead to repetitive stress injuries over time. Recently, powered surgical impactors have become available that can improve clinical outcomes while helping to reduce surgeon fatigue and the likelihood of work-related injuries. For example, powered surgical impactors can provide consistent force to surgical instruments with a single squeeze of the trigger, helping to prevent injuries resulting from repetitive, powerful mallet strikes.

[0008] As can be appreciated, powered surgical impactors generally include a chuck adapted to receive a portion of a surgical instrument and provide an axial impact force thereto. However, existing chuck designs for use with surgical impactors can include a number of drawbacks. First, for example, existing chuck designs generally allow a significant amount of free play between the chuck and the surgical instrument. As a result, such chuck designs often provide limited axial or radial stability, which can increase the difficulty and time required to perform various surgical procedures according to a surgical plan, such as by allowing the surgical instrument to move axially in and out of alignment with the surgical impactor. Moreover, significant free play between the chuck and the surgical instrument can lead to increased wear on the chuck and the surgical instrument, fluctuations or reductions in the force imparted to the surgical instrument, or other undesirable effects. Therefore, a need exists for an improved chuck system for use with powered surgical impactors. [Means for solving the problem]

[0009] The systems and methods disclosed herein provide solutions to, among other things, the technical problems identified above, such as by providing a chuck system capable of precisely constraining a surgical instrument in six degrees of freedom. For example, the chuck can include a chuck defining a first cylindrical surface, a first face, and a locking protrusion, and various surgical instruments usable with the chuck can each define a second cylindrical surface, a second face, and a distal end surface. Surface engagement between the first and second cylindrical surfaces can radially constrain the surgical instrument within the chuck, surface engagement between the first and second faces can prevent the surgical instrument from moving in a proximal direction, and surface engagement between the locking protrusion and the distal end surface can prevent the surgical instrument from moving in a distal direction. The plurality of surgical instruments can also define a first plurality of planar surfaces, and the chuck can include a cross pin, and surface engagement between one of the plurality of planar surfaces and the cross pin can rotationally constrain the surgical instrument within the chuck.

[0010] The disclosed chuck system can provide many benefits to both the patient and the surgeon by precisely constraining a surgical instrument in six degrees of freedom. For example, the chuck system can assist the surgeon in improving the speed and precision with which a surgical instrument can be positioned during a plastic surgical procedure, for example, to help reduce the amount of force or concentration required to maintain the surgical instrument in a particular position relative to the patient or in alignment with an axis defined by the impactor. This can help shorten the length of various plastic surgical procedures for the patient while reducing fatigue for the surgeon.

[0011] Furthermore, the chuck system can help increase the consistency and predictability of the axial impact force applied to the surgical instrument by the powered surgical impactor. For example, the chuck system can reduce force fluctuations and energy losses caused by significant radial and axial movement of the surgical instrument within the chuck. This can help ensure that the impact force generated by the powered surgical impactor is efficiently and consistently transferred to the surgical instrument to help, for example, improve bone preservation and shorten the length of various orthodontic surgical procedures, thereby providing patients with shorter hospital stays and reduced recovery times. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0012] Although the above and following examples are generally discussed with respect to hip arthroplasty, the chuck system of the present disclosure may be utilized to aid in performing one or more tasks in a variety of other orthopedic surgical procedures that employ axial impact forces, such as, for example, but not limited to, total shoulder arthroplasty (e.g., total shoulder replacement) or knee arthroplasty (e.g., total knee replacement).

[0013] FIG. 1A illustrates a partial cross-sectional view of a chuck system 100 in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present application. FIG. 1B illustrates a partial cross-sectional view of the chuck system 100 in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present application. FIG. 1C illustrates an isometric view of a chuck 104 and a surgical impactor 102 in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present application. Also shown in FIG. 1C are a central axis A1 and a longitudinal axis A1. FIGS. 1A-1C are discussed simultaneously below. The surgical impactor 102 generally can be a device capable of generating a repeatable axial impact force in response to one or more user inputs thereto. In one embodiment, such as the one shown in FIG. 1C, the surgical impactor 102 can be a battery-powered device, such as an X Series® Power System or a HAMMR impactor, available from Zimmer Biomet Inc. of Warsaw, Indiana. The chuck system 100 can include the surgical impactor 102 and a surgical instrument 106.

[0014] 1A-1B, the surgical impactor 102 may include a first body 110, a second body 112, and a third body 114. The first body 110 may be insertable into the surgical impactor 102 to concentrically center the surgical impactor 102 relative to the chuck 104, such as by aligning a central axis A1 (see FIG. 1C) of the surgical impactor 102 with a longitudinal axis L1 (see FIG. 1C) defined by the chuck 104. Similarly, the second body 112 may be adapted to receive the first body 110 and position the second body 112 in a concentrically aligned position with the longitudinal axis L1, and the second body 112 may be adapted to receive the third body 114 and position the third body 114 relative to the first body 110, the second body 112, and the longitudinal axis L1. Surgical instrument 106 may generally refer to any device adapted to receive an axial impact force to aid in performing one or more tasks in orthopedic surgery.

[0015] The surgical instrument 106 may include a bit 108. The bit 108 may generally be a portion of the surgical instrument 106 adapted to be inserted into and housed within the chuck 104. The chuck 104 may be adapted to operably couple the surgical instrument 106 to the surgical impactor 102 by constraining the bit 108 in six degrees of freedom. First, for example, the first body 110 may define a first cylindrical surface 116, and the bit 108 may define a second cylindrical surface 118. The first cylindrical surface 116 may be adapted to contact and engage the second cylindrical surface 118 to maintain the bit 108 in a position centered concentrically with the central axis A1, such as by preventing the bit 108 from moving radially.

[0016] Additionally, the bit 108 can define a first plurality of planar surfaces 122 (see FIG. 1B) and a plurality of contact surfaces 123 (see FIG. 1B), and the chuck 104 can include a cross pin 124 (see FIG. 1A) and a third cylindrical surface 125 (see FIG. 1A). The cross pin 124 can be adapted to contact and engage the first plurality of planar surfaces 122 to maintain the bit 108 in a selected orientation relative to the central axis A1 and the longitudinal axis L1, such as by preventing the bit 108 from rotating about the central axis A1 and the longitudinal axis L1. The third cylindrical surface 125 can be adapted to contact and engage the plurality of contact surfaces 123 to maintain the bit 108 in a position centered concentrically with the central axis A1, such as by preventing the bit 108 from moving radially.

[0017] Additionally, the bit 108 can define a first plurality of planar surfaces 122 (see FIG. 1B) and a plurality of contact surfaces 123 (see FIG. 1B), and the chuck 104 can include a cross pin 124 (see FIG. 1A) and a third cylindrical surface 125 (see FIG. 1A). The cross pin 124 can be adapted to contact and engage the first plurality of planar surfaces 122 to maintain the bit 108 in a selected orientation relative to the central axis A1 and the longitudinal axis L1, such as by preventing the bit 108 from rotating about the central axis A1 and the longitudinal axis L1. The third cylindrical surface 125 can be adapted to contact and engage the plurality of contact surfaces 123 to maintain the bit 108 in a position centered concentrically with the central axis A1, such as by preventing the bit 108 from moving radially.

[0018] Second, the third body 114 can define a first surface 119 (see FIG. 1A ), and the bit 108 can define a second surface 121 (see FIG. 1B ). The first surface 119 can be adapted to contact and engage the second surface 121 to maintain the bit 108 in a position along the central axis A1 or the longitudinal axis A1, such as by preventing the bit 108 from axially moving proximally along the central axis A1 and the longitudinal axis L1. Third, the third body 114 can define a locking protrusion 126, and the bit 108 can define a distal end surface 128 (see FIG. 1A ). The locking protrusion 126 can be adapted to contact and engage the distal end surface 128 to maintain the bit 108 in an axial position along the central axis A1 and the longitudinal axis L1, such as by preventing the bit 108 from moving axially distally along the central axis A1 and the longitudinal axis L1. For example, the second body 112 and the third body 114 can be rotatable about the first body 110 to move the locking protrusion 126 between an unlocked position (shown in FIG. 1A ) in which the locking protrusion 126 can be positioned to allow the bit 108 to be inserted into the chuck 104, and a locked position (shown in FIG. 1B ) in which the locking protrusion 126 can be positioned to contact the bit 108 and prevent removal of the bit 108 from the chuck 104.

[0019] In some embodiment operations, for example, as preparation for or during a total hip arthroplasty, a surgeon may first select a surgical instrument 106 from among a plurality of surgical instruments including a bit 108, such as from among the plurality of surgical instruments 300 shown in FIG. 7. The surgeon may then selectively position the bit 108 relative to the chuck 104 by aligning the cross pin 124 with one surface of the first plurality of planar surfaces 122 to position the surgical instrument 106 in an orientation that is best suited for one or more tasks of the total hip arthroplasty. The surgeon may then insert the bit 108 of the surgical instrument 106 into the chuck 104 by moving the bit 108 proximally along the central axis A1 until the second surface 121 contacts the first surface 119, preventing further proximal movement of the surgical instrument 106 relative to the central axis A1 or longitudinal axis L1. Finally, the surgeon rotates the locking protrusion 126 from the unlocked position to the locked position to securely secure the bit 108 within the chuck 104, for example, by rotating the second body 112 approximately 180 degrees about the central axis A1 and then rotating the third body 114 housed therein approximately 180 degrees about the central axis A1.

[0020] FIG. 2 illustrates an exploded view of the chuck 104, in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present application. FIG. 3 illustrates an exploded view of the chuck system 100, in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present application. FIG. 4A illustrates a cross section of the chuck 104 coupled to the surgical impactor 102, in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present application. FIG. 4B illustrates a partial cross section of the chuck system 100, in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present application. Also illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 4A are proximal and distal orientation indicators and a central axis A1. Also illustrated in FIG. 4B are proximal and distal orientation indicators, a central axis A1, and a longitudinal axis L1. FIGS. 2-3 are discussed simultaneously below. The first body 110 can include a proximal portion 130 (FIGS. 2 and 4A) and a distal portion 132.

[0021] The proximal portion 130 can define a variety of three-dimensional shapes, including, for example, without limitation, a cylinder, a cubic prism, a triangular prism, a square prism, a hexagonal prism, an octagonal prism, etc. The proximal portion 130 can be sized and shaped to position the chuck 104 relative to the surgical impactor 102. For example, the proximal portion 130 can be sized and shaped to contact and engage one or more surfaces positioned within the surgical impactor 102, such as shown in FIG. 6, to prevent or limit radial and axial distal movement of the chuck 104 relative to the central axis A1. The distal portion 132 can define a first bit bore 134 (see FIG. 2). The first bit bore 134 can be an opening extending axially through the distal portion 132 and at least partially within the proximal portion 130. When the proximal portion 130 is housed within the surgical impactor 102 (FIGS. 4A and 4B), the first bit bore 134 can be centered concentrically with the longitudinal axis L1.

[0022] The first bit bore 134 may include a first portion 136 (see FIG. 4A) and a second portion 138 (see FIG. 4A). The first portion 136 and the second portion 138 may be opposite proximal and distal portions of the first bit bore 134, respectively. The first portion 136 may define a diameter smaller than the diameter defined by the second portion 138. The first cylindrical surface 116 (see FIG. 4A) may be a surface that partially or completely forms the first portion 136 of the first bit bore 134. The third cylindrical surface 125 (see FIGS. 4A-4B) may be a surface that partially or completely forms the second portion 138 of the first bit bore 134. The bit 108 may also include a first tapered surface 115 (see FIG. 4A). The first tapered surface 115 may form a frusto-conical, conical, or inwardly tapered shape. First tapered surface 115 may extend at various angles relative to central axis A1 between first portion 136 and second portion 138. For example, first tapered surface 115 may extend at angles of about 15 degrees and about 35 degrees relative to central axis A1, without limitation. In one embodiment, such as that shown in FIG. 4A, first tapered surface 115 may extend at an angle of 25 degrees relative to central axis A1.

[0023] The bit 108 can include a first cam surface 117 (see FIGS. 3 and 4B) and a second cylindrical surface 118 (see FIGS. 3 and 4B). The second cylindrical surface 118 of the bit 108 can be positioned proximal to the first cam surface 117. The second cylindrical surface 118 can contact and engage the first cylindrical surface 116 of the first body 110 within the first portion 136 of the first bit bore 134 to prevent or limit radial movement of the bit 108 relative to the central axis A1 of the chuck 104. In some embodiments, the bit 108 can define a fourth cylindrical surface 140 (see FIG. 3) and a second cam surface 141 (see FIG. 3). The first cam surface 117 and the second cam surface 141 can form a frustoconical, conical, or outwardly tapered shape. First cam surface 117 may correspond to first tapered surface 115. For example, first cam surface 117 may extend at an angle relative to central axis A1 similar to the angle at which first tapered surface 115 extends.

[0024] The second cam surface 141 may be positioned proximally along the bit 108 relative to the second cylindrical surface 118 and the fourth cylindrical surface 140. For example, the second cylindrical surface 118 may extend axially between the first cam surface 117 and the second cam surface 141. During insertion of the bit 108 into the chuck 104, the second cam surface 141 may contact and slidingly engage the first body 110, such as by contacting the first tapered surface 115 or the first face 119, to help guide the first cylindrical surface 116 of the bit 108 into the first portion 136 of the first bit bore 134. Thereafter, once the fourth cylindrical surface 140 is at least partially within the first portion 136, the first cam surface 117 can begin to contact and slide with the first cylindrical surface 116 to concentrically center the bit 108 within the chuck 104.

[0025] The third body 114 can define a first surface 119 (see FIGS. 2, 4A, and 4B), and the bit 108 can define a second surface 121 (see FIGS. 3 and 4B). The first surface 119 can be the distal-most portion or feature of the third body 114. For example, the first surface 119 can be positioned distally relative to a distal surface 145 (see FIG. 2) of the third body 114 or can otherwise project distally outward from the distal surface 145. The second surface 121 can be, for example, a planar surface of the bit 108 and surgical instrument 106 that extends perpendicular to the central axis A1 and the longitudinal axis L1 when the bit 108 is positioned within the chuck 104. The second surface 121 may be positioned proximal to the first cam surface 117 and may extend between the fourth cylindrical surface 140 and the second plurality of planar surfaces 178 of the bit 108 (see Figures 3 and 4B).

[0026] The first surface 119 can contact and engage the second surface 121 to prevent or limit axial movement of the bit 108 relative to the central axis A1 of the chuck 104. For example, the bit 108 can be fully inserted into the chuck 104 once the second surface 121 of the bit 108 contacts the first surface 119 of the third body 114, and the surface engagement between the first surface 119 and the second surface 121 can prevent or limit proximal axial movement of the bit 108 relative to the chuck 104 and the longitudinal axis L1. Additionally, when the bit 108 is fully inserted within the chuck 104, the surface engagement between the second cylindrical surface 118 and the first cylindrical surface 116 of the first body 110, and the surface engagement between the plurality of contact surfaces 123 (see FIG. 3 ) and the third cylindrical surface 125 of the first body 110, can help prevent or limit movement of the bit 108 in a radial direction relative to the central axis A1 or the longitudinal axis L1. Thus, the bit 108, the first body 110, and the third body 114 can engage with one another to precisely control or constrain the proximal axial and radial movement of the surgical instrument 106 relative to the surgical impactor 102.

[0027] The distal portion 132 can define an outer surface 142 (see FIGS. 2-3). The outer surface 142 can form a variety of three-dimensional shapes, including, for example, without limitation, a cylindrical shape. The second body 112 can define an inner surface 144 (see FIGS. 2-3). The inner surface 144 can form a variety of three-dimensional shapes, including, for example, without limitation, a cylindrical shape. The outer surface 142 can be sized and shaped to circumferentially encompass the inner surface 144, for example, so that the second body 112 partially accommodates the first body 110 therein. The second body 112 can define a second inner surface 146. The second inner surface 146 can form a variety of three-dimensional shapes, including, for example, without limitation, a cylinder, a cubic prism, a triangular prism, a square prism, a hexagonal prism, an octagonal prism, etc. Second inner surface 146 can define a diameter that is larger than the diameter defined by inner surface 144. Third body 114 can include a head portion 148 and a body portion 150 (see FIGS. 2-3 ). Head portion 148 and body portion 150 can generally be opposite proximal and distal portions, respectively, of third body 114.

[0028] The head portion 148 and the body portion 150 can form a variety of three-dimensional shapes, including, for example, without limitation, a cylinder, a cubic prism, a triangular prism, a square prism, a hexagonal prism, an octagonal prism, etc. The head portion 148 can be sized and shaped to be contained or otherwise received within the second inner surface 146 of the second body 112. In one embodiment, the head portion 148 can define a diameter that is larger than the diameter defined by the body portion 150. The second body 112 can define a second bit bore 152 (see FIGS. 2-3 ). The second bit bore 152 can be an opening extending axially through the head portion 148 and the body portion 150 of the second body 112.

[0029] The head portion 148 can be sized and shaped to contact the second inner surface 146 of the second body 112 and position the third body 114 within the second body 112. The first bit bore 134 can define a central axis A1. In some embodiments, the head portion 148 can define a protrusion 154 (see FIG. 2 ), and the second body 112 can define a notch 156 (see FIGS. 2-3 ). The protrusion 154 can be a projection extending radially outward beyond the outer diameter or outermost surface of the head portion 148. The notch 156 can be a groove or recess extending into the second body 112 that is recessed relative to the second inner surface 146. The protrusion 154 and the notch 156 can extend parallel to the central axis A1 and can be laterally offset from the central axis A1. The notch 156 may be sized and shaped to accommodate the protrusion 154 to help prevent relative rotation between the second body 112 and the third body 114.

[0030] Alternatively or additionally to the protrusion 154 and the notch 156, the second body 112 can define a first opening 158 (see FIG. 2 ), and the third body 114 can define a second opening 160 (see FIG. 2 ). The first opening 158 and the second opening 160 can be bores extending laterally through the second body 112 and the third body 114, respectively. The first opening 158 and the second opening 160 can be formed at corresponding radial positions relative to the central axis A1 such that the first opening 158 and the second opening 160 can be axially aligned, for example, when the protrusion 154 is received within the notch 156. In such an embodiment, the chuck 104 can include a first pin 162 (see FIG. 2 ). The first pin 162 may be sized and shaped to be simultaneously received within or extend through the first opening 158 and the second opening 160 to prevent or limit axial movement and relative rotation between the second body 112 and the third body 114.

[0031] The first body 110 can define a first annular groove 164 (see FIGS. 2-3 ), and the third body 114 can define a second annular groove 166 (see FIGS. 2-3 ). The first annular groove 164 can be a C- or U-shaped recess extending radially outward within the first body 110. The first annular groove 164 can be defined within the first body 110 at a location distal to the second portion 138 of the first bit bore 134. The second annular groove 166 can be a C- or U-shaped recess extending radially inward within the body portion 150 of the third body 114. The first annular groove 164 and the second annular groove 166 can be positioned concentrically with respect to the central axis A1 and the longitudinal axis L1 and can be positioned at corresponding axial positions along the central axis A1 or the longitudinal axis A1.

[0032] The chuck 104 may include a plurality of rolling bearings 168. The plurality of rolling bearings 168 may be adapted to be simultaneously received within the first annular groove 164 and the second annular groove 166. The plurality of rolling bearings 168 may rotatably support the third body 114 and the second body 112 relative to the first body 110. For example, the plurality of rolling bearings 168 may be sized and shaped to maintain a radial or annular gap between the body portion 150 and the first body 110 and between the inner surface 144 and the outer surface 142 of the distal portion 132 when the chuck 104 is in an assembled state as shown in FIGS. 4A-4B . From the above, the multiple rolling bearings 168 can transmit proximal or distal axial forces, such as an impact force applied to the first body 110 by the surgical impactor 102, to the third body 114 and the second body 112 while reducing rotational friction between the inner surface 144 and the outer surface 142.

[0033] The first body 110 can define a first bearing opening 170 (see FIGS. 2-3 ), and the second body 112 can define a second bearing opening 171 (see FIG. 3 ). The first bearing opening 170 can extend laterally or radially through the first body 110, and the second bearing opening 171 can extend laterally or radially through the second body 112. The first bearing opening 170 and the second bearing opening 171 can be formed at corresponding radial and axial positions relative to the central axis A1 such that the first bearing opening 170 and the second bearing opening 171 can be axially aligned during assembly of the chuck 104. The first bearing opening 170 and the second bearing opening 171 can also be formed at axial positions corresponding to the first annular groove 164 and the second annular groove 166, respectively. The plurality of rolling bearings 168 may be sized and shaped to pass through the first bearing opening 170 and the second bearing opening 171, respectively. Thus, the first bearing opening 170 and the second bearing opening 171 may allow the plurality of rolling bearings 168 to be inserted between the first body 110 and the third body 114.

[0034] The distal portion 132 of the first body 110 can define a third annular groove 172 (see FIG. 2 ). The third annular groove 172 can be a C- or U-shaped recess extending radially inward from the outer surface 142 into the first body 110. The chuck 104 can include a first sealing element 174 (see FIG. 2 ). The first sealing element 174 can be, without limitation, a polysiloxane, polymer, or elastomeric O-ring. The first sealing element 174 can be sized and shaped to be at least partially received within the third annular groove 172. For example, when the first sealing element 174 is received within the third annular groove 172, the first sealing element 174 can protrude radially outward beyond the outer surface 142 of the first body 110 and be compressively sandwiched between the inner surface 144 and the outer surface 142. The first sealing element 174 can thus establish a liquid-tight seal between the first body 110 and the second body 112 by increasing rotational friction between the first body 110 and the second body 112 while preventing fluid from escaping from the chuck 104 between the outer surface 142 and the inner surface 144.

[0035] The first body 110 can define a pin bore 176 (see FIG. 2). The pin bore 176 can be an opening extending laterally or radially through the first body 110. The cross pin 124 (FIG. 3) can be sized and shaped to contact and engage the first body 110 within the pin bore 176, such as via a press fit. The pin bore 176 can extend across a portion of the first bit bore 134, such as by extending through the first body 110 perpendicular to the central axis A1. For example, the pin bore 176 can extend across the first bit bore 134 within the second portion 138, thereby positioning the cross pin 124 to contact and engage one of the first plurality of planar surfaces 122 (see FIGS. 3 and 4B) to prevent rotation of the bit 108 within the chuck 104.

[0036] The first plurality of planar surfaces 122 and the plurality of contact surfaces 123 can be distributed about the bit 108 in an annular arrangement. Each contact surface of the plurality of contact surfaces 123 can separate or otherwise circumferentially or radially space a planar surface of the plurality of planar surfaces 122. Each contact surface of the plurality of contact surfaces 123 can be adapted to contact and engage with a third cylindrical surface 125 (see FIGS. 4A-4B ) of the first body 110. In some embodiments, the surgical instrument 106 (see FIGS. 3 and 4B ) can also include a second plurality of planar surfaces 178 (see FIGS. 3 and 4B ). The second plurality of planar surfaces 178 can likewise be distributed in an annular arrangement. The first plurality of planar surfaces 122 and the second plurality of planar surfaces 178 can include various numbers of individual planar surfaces, such as, but not limited to, two, three, four, five, or six planar surfaces spaced equidistantly about the bit 108 relative to the central axis A1. Each planar surface of the first plurality of planar surfaces 122 and each planar surface of the second plurality of planar surfaces 178 can be radially spaced apart from one another about the central axis A1 depending on the number of individual planar surfaces included in the first plurality of planar surfaces 122 and the second plurality of planar surfaces 178.

[0037] For example, if the first and second plurality of planar surfaces 122 and 178 each include four planar surfaces, such as those shown in Figures 3 and 4B, then each planar surface of the first and second plurality of planar surfaces 122 and 178 can be positioned orthogonally, i.e., at a 90-degree angle, relative to one another. Alternatively, if the first and second plurality of planar surfaces 122 and 178 each include three, five, or six planar surfaces, then each planar surface of the first and second plurality of planar surfaces 122 and 178 can be positioned at a 120-degree, 72-degree, or 60-degree angle, relative to one another, respectively.

[0038] As can be appreciated, such an embodiment may provide a surgeon with the option of selectively positioning (e.g., orienting) the surgical instrument 106 (see FIG. 3 ) in three, four, five, six, or other number of different orientations relative to the chuck 104. This may aid the surgeon in performing one or more tasks in orthopedic surgery. For example, changing the orientation of the surgical instrument 106 relative to the surgical impactor 102 may aid in extending the surgical instrument 106 around various anatomical features of a patient, such as to aid in the surgical instrument's 106 access to the acetabulum or femur in a total hip arthroplasty. In one such embodiment, the surgeon can remove the bit 108 from the chuck 104, rotate the surgical instrument 106 approximately 180 degrees about the central axis A1, and reinsert the bit 108 into the chuck 104 so that, for example, the battery 175 (see FIG. 1) or the handle 177 (see FIG. 1) of the surgical impactor 102 faces upward, thereby avoiding contact with the patient during one or more procedures of the orthopedic surgery.

[0039] The second plurality of planar surfaces 178 can be adapted to assist the surgeon in selectively positioning the bit 108 within the chuck 104. First, the number of individual planar surfaces included in the second plurality of planar surfaces 178 and their radial separation from one another can correspond to the number of individual planar surfaces defined by the first plurality of planar surfaces 122 and their radial separation from one another. The radial position of a planar surface in the second plurality of planar surfaces 178 can then indicate the radial position of a planar surface in the first plurality of planar surfaces 122 that extends parallel to the surface. Second, the second body 112 can define a reference surface 180 (see FIGS. 3 and 4B ).

[0040] Reference surface 180 may be an outer planar surface of second body 112, for example, forming a portion of the outer diameter. Reference surface 180 may be adapted to extend parallel to cross pin 124 when locking protrusion 126 is in the unlocked position. Thus, before or during insertion of bit 108 into chuck 104, a surgeon can visually align one planar surface of second plurality of planar surfaces 178 with reference surface 180 to ensure that a desired planar surface of first plurality of planar surfaces 122, for example, corresponding to a desired orientation of surgical instrument 106 relative to surgical impactor 102, will contact and engage cross pin 124 when bit 108 is housed within chuck 104.

[0041] The locking protrusion 126 (see FIGS. 4A-4B ) of the third body 114 can extend radially inward into the second bit bore 152 defined by the third body 114. The locking protrusion 126 can form a variety of three-dimensional shapes. In one embodiment, the locking protrusion 126 can form a semi-annular shape. For example, the locking protrusion 126 can extend, without limitation, from about 90 degrees to about 210 degrees about the central axis A1. In one embodiment, the locking protrusion 126 can extend about 140 degrees about the central axis A1. The locking protrusion 126 can extend radially inward into the second bit bore 152 defined by the third body 114. The locking protrusion 126 can define a proximal end surface 182 (see FIGS. 4A and 4B ). The proximal end surface 182 may be a surface of the locking protrusion 126 that extends perpendicular to the central axis A1. The distal end surface 128 (see FIGS. 3 and 4B) may, in some embodiments, be the distal-most surface of the bit 108. The distal end surface 128 may extend perpendicular to the central axis when the bit 108 is housed within the chuck 104.

[0042] The locking protrusion 126 can form a variety of three-dimensional shapes. In one embodiment, such as that shown in FIGS. 4A-4B , the locking protrusion 126 can form, for example, a semi-annular shape extending from about 170 degrees to about 190 degrees about the surface of the third body 114 that defines the second bit bore 152, without limitation. The locking protrusion 126 can be configured to move between a locked position and an unlocked position, or vice versa, by, without limitation, rotating the third body 114 about the central axis A1 by about 90 degrees to about 360 degrees. The locking protrusion 126 can be adapted to move eccentrically (e.g., both radially and laterally) relative to the central axis A1 during rotation of the third body 114 and the second body 112.

[0043] For example, when the locking protrusion 126 is in the unlocked position as shown in FIG. 4A, the proximal end surface 182 of the locking protrusion 126 is offset laterally from the central axis A1 to allow the bit 108 to be freely inserted into or removed from the chuck 104, and when the locking protrusion 126 is in the locked position as shown in FIG. 4B, the proximal end surface 182 intersects the central axis A1 at an orthogonal angle to prevent the bit 108 from being removed from the chuck 104, for example, by contacting and engaging the distal end surface 128 of the bit 108 (see FIGS. 3 and 4B) to limit distal translational movement of the bit 108 along the central axis A1.

[0044] In some embodiments, the chuck 104 may include a detent 184 (see FIG. 2 ). The detent 184 may be, for example, without limitation, a ball detent as shown in FIG. 2 . The detent 184 may include a ball 186, a detent pin 188, an insert 190, and a detent bore 192 (see FIG. 2 ). The detent bore 192 may be an opening extending laterally or radially within the distal portion 132 of the first body 110. The insert 190 may be a flanged insert adapted to be at least partially received within the detent bore 192. The insert 190 may be sized and shaped to receive the detent pin 188 and position the detent pin 188, for example, relative to the first body 110. When the detent pin 188 is received within the insert 190, the ball 186 may be at least partially received within the insert 190. For example, a portion of the ball 186 may protrude or extend radially outward from the insert 190 and beyond the outer surface 142 of the distal portion 132. In some embodiments, the detent 184 may also include a spring that may be housed within the insert 190 to help bias the ball 186 away from the first body 110.

[0045] The second body 112 can define an outermost surface 198 (see FIGS. 2-3 ). The outermost surface 198 can define a variety of three-dimensional shapes, including, for example, without limitation, a cylinder, a cubic prism, a triangular prism, a square prism, a hexagonal prism, an octagonal prism, etc. In some embodiments, the outermost surface 198 can include gripping features 199 (see FIG. 2 ) adapted to assist a surgeon in rotating the second body 112. The gripping features 199 can be, for example, without limitation, a plurality of grooves extending parallel to and offset laterally from the central axis A1, or a jagged, cross-hatched, or other recessed pattern extending radially inward into the second body 112.

[0046] The second body 112 can define a first recess 194 (see FIG. 2 ) and a second recess 196 (see FIG. 3 ). The first recess 194 and the second recess 196 can each be a bore or opening extending laterally or radially through the second body 112, for example, between its inner surface 144 and outermost surface 198. The first recess 194 and the second recess 196 can each be sized and shaped to partially receive the ball 186 of the detent 184. The first recess 194 and the second recess 196 can be formed at a corresponding axial position relative to the detent bore 192 of the first body 110, for example, to enable the first recess 194 and the second recess 196 to be axially aligned with the detent bore 192 based on the orientation or radial position of the second body 112 relative to the central axis A1.

[0047] For example, when locking protrusion 126 of third body 114 is in the unlocked position, ball 186 may be at least partially received within first recess 194 and at least partially received within insert 190. Similarly, when locking protrusion 126 of third body 114 is in the locked position, ball 186 may be at least partially received within first recess 194 and at least partially received within insert 190. First recess 194 and second recess 196 may be circumferentially offset or radially spaced apart from one another based on the configuration of locking protrusion 126. For example, if the locking protrusion 126 is configured to move between a locked position and an unlocked position when the third body 114 is rotated approximately 90 degrees, 180 degrees, 270 degrees, or 360 degrees about the central axis A1, the first recess 194 and the second recess 196 can be circumferentially offset or radially spaced apart within the second body 112 by approximately 90 degrees, 180 degrees, 270 degrees, or 360 degrees, respectively.

[0048] Therefore, the detent 184, together with the first recess 194 and the second recess 196, can increase the rotational force required to rotate the second body 112 and, therefore, to move the locking protrusion 126 out of the unlocked or locked position. This can maintain the locking protrusion 126 in the unlocked or locked position, for example, to prevent the locking protrusion 126 from being unintentionally rotated into a position that blocks the entry of the bit 108 into the chuck 104, or to prevent the locking protrusion 126 from being unintentionally rotated into a position that allows the bit 108 to be removed from the chuck 104.

[0049] The first body 110 can define a protrusion 200. The protrusion 200 can be the distal-most portion or segment of the first body 110. The protrusion 200 can extend parallel to the central axis A1 or the longitudinal axis L1 and be laterally offset therefrom. The protrusion 200 can form a variety of three-dimensional shapes, including, for example, a cylinder, a cubic prism, a triangular prism, a square prism, a hexagonal prism, an octagonal prism, etc. The head portion 148 of the second body 112 can define a semi-annular groove 202 (see FIG. 3). The semi-annular groove 202 can be a recessed region of the head portion 148 that is distally offset relative to a proximal surface 204 of the head portion 148 (see FIGS. 2-3 ). The semi-annular groove 202 may be sized and shaped to accommodate the protrusion 200 when the chuck 104 is in an assembled state, for example, to reduce radial and axial movement between the first body 110 and the third body 114 during rotation of the third body about the central axis A1.

[0050] Head portion 148 may include a first end surface 206 (see FIG. 3 ) and a second end surface 208 (see FIG. 3 ). First end surface 206 and second end surface 208 may be surfaces of head portion 148 extending perpendicular to proximal surface 204 of head portion 148. First end surface 206 and second end surface 208 may be end surfaces of semi-annular grooves 202 adapted to limit rotation of third body 114 and second body 112 relative to first body 110, for example, based on the configuration of locking protrusions 126. For example, if locking protrusions 126 are configured to move between locked and unlocked positions when third body 114 is rotated 180 degrees about central axis A1, first end surface 206 and second end surface 208 may be circumferentially offset or radially spaced apart within second body 112 by approximately 180 degrees. In some embodiments, the first end surface 206 may be positioned within the head portion 148 to contact the protrusion 200 when the ball 186 of the detent 184 is at least partially received within the first recess 194, and the second end surface 208 may be positioned within the head portion 148 to contact the protrusion 200 when the ball 186 of the detent 184 is at least partially received within the second recess 196.

[0051] The chuck 104 may include a first plug 210 (see FIG. 2), a second plug 212 (see FIG. 3), and a third plug 214 (see FIG. 3). The first plug 210 and the second plug 212 may generally be pins or other shaped cylindrical bodies sized and shaped to contact and engage with the second body 112 within the first recess 194 and the second recess 196, respectively, such as via a press-fit connection. In some embodiments, when the first plug 210 and the second plug 212 are received within the first recess 194 and the second recess 196, respectively, the first plug 210 and the second plug 212 may contact the ball 186 to limit radial movement of the ball 186 into or within the first recess 194 and the second recess 196. The third plug 214 may generally be a pin or a cylinder sized and shaped to contact and engage with the first body 110 within the second bearing opening 171. Thus, the first plug 210, the second plug 212, and the third plug 214 may help establish a fluid-tight seal between the first body 110 and the second body 112 by preventing fluid from exiting the chuck 104 through the first recess 194, the second recess 196, or the second bearing opening 171.

[0052] In some embodiments, the chuck 104 can include a chuck indicator 215 (see FIG. 2 ), and the surgical impactor 102 can include an impactor indicator 217. The chuck indicator 215 can be located, for example, but not by way of limitation, on the distal surface 145 of the head portion 148 or on the reference surface 180, which is positioned generally parallel to and axially offset from the proximal surface 204. The impactor indicator 217 can be located, for example, but not by way of limitation, on the guard 221 (see FIG. 4B ) of the surgical impactor 102. The chuck indicator 215 and the impactor indicator 217 can be adapted to provide an indication to the surgeon, for example, but not by way of limitation, of the radial position or orientation of the locking protrusion 126 or which direction the second body 112 and the third body 114 should be rotated to move the locking protrusion 126 between the unlocked position and the locked position, or vice versa.

[0053] For example, the chuck indicator 215 and the impactor indicator 217 may each include similar or corresponding symbols or graphics, directional indicators, or any visual or tactile element to indicate to the surgeon whether the locking protrusion 126 is in a locked or unlocked position, or in which direction the second body 112 and the third body 114 should be rotated to move the locking protrusion 126 between the unlocked and locked positions or vice versa, based on the radial position or orientation of the chuck indicator 215 relative to the impactor indicator 217.

[0054] FIG. 5 illustrates a chuck 104 partially inserted into a surgical impactor 102, according to at least one embodiment of the present application. FIG. 6 illustrates a cross-section of the chuck 104 coupled to a surgical impactor 102, according to at least one embodiment of the present application. Also shown in FIGS. 5-6 are distal and proximal orientation indicators, a central axis A1 and a longitudinal axis L1. FIGS. 5-6 are discussed simultaneously below. In some embodiments, such as those shown in FIGS. 5-6, the proximal portion 130 of the first body 110 can define a second tapered surface 216. The second tapered surface 216 can form a frustoconical, conical, or outwardly tapered shape. During insertion of the proximal portion 130 into the surgical impactor 102, the second tapered surface 216 can contact and slidingly engage one or more surfaces of the surgical impactor 102 to help guide the proximal portion 130 proximally thereof.

[0055] Thereafter, once the proximal portion 130 has at least partially entered the surgical impactor 102, the chuck 104 can be translated proximally toward the surgical impactor 102, for example, until the distal portion 132 contacts the guard 221 (see FIG. 6 ) to prevent further proximal movement of the bit 108 within the chuck 104. The surgical impactor 102 can include an impacting member 218. The impacting member 218 can generally be a component adapted to receive an axial impacting force, for example, from a reciprocating assembly within the surgical impactor 102. The proximal portion 130 of the first body 110 can define an inner annular surface 220 (see FIG. 6 ), and the impacting member 218 can define an outer annular surface 222 (see FIG. 6 ).

[0056] The inner annular surface 220 and the outer annular surface 222 can form a variety of three-dimensional shapes, such as, for example, a cylinder, a cubic prism, a triangular prism, a square prism, a hexagonal prism, or an octagonal prism. The inner annular surface 220 can be sized and shaped to be encompassed by or received within the outer annular surface 222 of the impacting member 218. When the proximal portion 130 is received within the surgical impactor 102, the inner annular surface 220 can contact and engage the outer annular surface 222 to concentrically center the first body 110, thereby helping to align the central axis A1 with respect to the longitudinal axis L1. The proximal portion 130 can further define a first surface 224 (see FIG. 6), a second surface 226 (see FIG. 6), and a fastener bore 228 (see FIG. 6). The first surface 224 and the second surface 226 may extend parallel to one another, may be axially offset from one another, and may extend perpendicular to the central axis A1 and the longitudinal axis L1.

[0057] The fastener bore 228 may be an opening extending axially between the first surface 224 and the second surface 226 within the first body 110. The fastener bore 228 may extend concentrically with the first bit bore 134 (see FIG. 6 ) and the longitudinal axis L1. The fastener bore 228 may define a diameter smaller than the diameter defined by the first portion 136 (see FIG. 6 ) and the second portion 138 (see FIG. 6 ) of the first bit bore 134. When the proximal portion 130 is housed within the surgical impactor 102, the fastener bore 228 may be axially aligned with a mating bore 230 (see FIG. 6 ) defined by the impacting member 218 of the surgical impactor 102. The chuck 104 may include a fastener 232. The fastener 232 may be, for example, but not limited to, a threaded fastener. Fastener 232 may be sized and shaped to extend axially through fastener bore 228 into mating bore 230 .

[0058] The fastener 232 can be adapted to removably couple the chuck 104 to the surgical impactor 102, for example, by preventing or otherwise limiting proximal or distal movement of the proximal portion 130 along the longitudinal axis A1. For example, the fastener 232 can define a first plurality of threads 234 (see FIG. 6 ) adapted to threadingly engage a second plurality of threads 235 (see FIG. 6 ) defined by the impaction member 218 within the coupling bore 230. In some embodiments, such as the one shown in FIG. 6 , an assembly tool 231 can be used to rotate the fastener 232, for example, to rotate the first plurality of threads 234 within the second plurality of threads 235 to pull the fastener 232 proximally toward the impaction member 218. The assembly tool 231 may generally be a tool or device sized and shaped to extend axially through the first bit bore 134 and the second bit bore 152 to access the fastener 232.

[0059] In some embodiments, the chuck 104 can also include a spacer 236. The spacer 236 can generally be a lock washer, a star washer, or various other types of anti-rotation washers. The spacer 236 can be sized and shaped to fit within the first portion 136 of the first bit bore 134. The spacer 236 can help prevent the fastener 232 from rotating relative to the impacting member, for example, by withstanding vibrations generated during operation of the surgical impactor 102. For example, the spacer 236 can be compressively sandwiched between the head 238 of the fastener 232 and the second surface 226 of the first body 110 when the second plurality of threads 235 of the impacting member 218 and the first plurality of threads 234 of the fastener 232 are fully engaged, as shown in FIG. 6 .

[0060] The chuck 104 may include a second sealing element 240 (see FIGS. 4A and 5). The second sealing element 240 may be, without limitation, a plug or cylinder of polysiloxane, polymer, or elastomer. The second sealing element 240 may be sized and shaped to reduce or eliminate axial clearance between the second cylindrical surface 118 (see FIG. 3) or the second cam surface 141 (see FIG. 3) of the bit 108 when the bit 108 is received within the chuck 104. The second sealing element 240 may likewise be sized and shaped to engage the first body 110 within the first portion 136 of the first bit bore 134, and may be inserted into the first portion 136 of the first bit bore 134 once the spacer 236 and fastener 232 are received therein.

[0061] The second sealing element 240 can thus establish a liquid-tight seal between the first body 110 and the surgical impactor 102 by preventing fluid from entering the surgical impactor 102 through the fastener bore 228, and by contacting the first body 110, can help limit proximal translational movement of the bit 108 within the chuck 104. The second sealing element 240 can similarly be sized and shaped to eliminate axial clearance between the second cylindrical surface 118 (see FIG. 3 ) or the second cam surface 141 (see FIG. 3 ) of the bit 108 when the bit 108 is fully inserted or received within the chuck 104. For example, the bit 108 can be fully inserted within the chuck 104 when the bit 108 contacts the second sealing element 240, thereby preventing further proximal movement of the bit 108 within the chuck 104.

[0062] The chuck system 100 discussed above in connection with any of FIGS. 1-6 , including, for example, the bit 108, first body 110, second body 112, third body 114 of the surgical instrument 106, or other components of the chuck 104, can be made of various plastics or composites, such as, but not limited to, thermoplastics, in some embodiments. In one embodiment, one or more of the above-listed components can be molded or otherwise made from PEEK (polyetheretherketone) plastic. In other embodiments, the chuck system 100 discussed above in connection with any of FIGS. 1-6 , including, for example, the bit 108, first body 110, second body 112, third body 114 of the surgical instrument 106, or other components of the chuck 104, can also be made from stainless steel or other metals via machining or metal forming.

[0063] 7 illustrates a plurality of surgical instruments 300 for use with the chuck 104 of FIGS. 1-6 in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present application. The plurality of surgical instruments 300 may generally represent a variety of surgical instruments adapted to utilize axial impact forces to aid in the performance of one or more tasks in a total hip arthroplasty. For example, the plurality of surgical instruments 300 may include, without limitation, a modular straight shell impactor 302, a femoral head impactor assembly 304, a curved shell impactor assembly 306, a bullet tip stem driver 308, a liner remover adapter 310, a striker plate adapter 312, a straight shell impactor 314, a straight broach adapter (anterior) 316, and a straight broach adapter (posterior) 318.

[0064] 8 illustrates a method 400 of operatively coupling a surgical instrument to a surgical impactor in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present application. The steps or operations of method 400 are illustrated in a particular order for convenience and clarity, and many of the operations discussed may be performed by a number of different actors, devices, or systems. It is understood that a subset of the operations discussed in method 400 may be attributable to a single actor, device, or system and may be considered a separate, stand-alone process or method.

[0065] Method 400 can include operation 402. Operation 402 can include securing a chuck relative to a surgical impactor. For example, a user can insert a proximal portion of a first body of the chuck into the surgical impactor, such as until the proximal portion of the first body contacts the surgical impactor, and the user can insert a fastener through a fastener bore into the first body to threadingly engage an impaction member of the surgical impactor. The user can then rotate the fastener, e.g., rotating a first plurality of threads of the fastener within a second plurality of mating threads of the impaction member, thereby preventing axial movement of the chuck relative to the surgical impactor.

[0066] Method 400 can optionally include operation 404. Operation 404 can include selectively positioning a surgical instrument relative to the chuck by aligning one of the first plurality of planar surfaces of the bit and one of the second plurality of planar surfaces of the surgical impactor with a reference surface of the chuck. For example, a surgeon can first determine a desired orientation relative to a central axis of the chuck or a longitudinal axis of the surgical impactor that is suitable for assisting the surgical instrument in performing one or more procedures of a total hip arthroplasty, and select one of the first plurality of planar surfaces or the second plurality of planar surfaces that is most closely aligned with or most closely corresponds to the desired orientation of the surgical instrument. Thereafter, the surgeon can next align the selected planar surface with the reference to ensure that the selected planar surface contacts and slides along a cross pin positioned within the chuck during insertion of the surgical instrument bit into the chuck.

[0067] Method 400 can include operation 406. Operation 406 can include inserting a surgical instrument bit into the chuck to concentrically center the bit within the chuck. For example, a user can translate the surgical instrument bit proximally into the chuck along, e.g., a central or longitudinal axis, until the bit passes axially through the second bit bore and is received within the first bit bore of the chuck. In some embodiments, operation 406 can include slidingly engaging a first cylindrical surface of the chuck with a second cylindrical surface of the bit to concentrically center the bit within the chuck. For example, a surgeon can translate the surgical instrument bit proximally into the chuck to slide the first cylindrical surface along the second cylindrical surface, and then guide the bit into axial alignment with the central axis of the chuck or the longitudinal axis of the surgical impactor.

[0068] In some embodiments, operation 406 can also include engaging the contact surfaces of the bit with a third cylindrical surface of the chuck to concentrically center the bit within the chuck. For example, the surgeon can translate the bit of the surgical instrument proximally into the chuck, sliding the contact surfaces along the third cylindrical surface, and then guiding the first cylindrical surface of the bit into axial alignment with the central axis of the chuck or the longitudinal axis of the surgical impactor.

[0069] Method 400 can include operation 408. Operation 408 can include locking the bit within the chuck by rotating a locking protrusion of the chuck from an unlocked position to a locked position. For example, once the bit is housed within the chuck, the surgeon can rotate the third body defining the locking protrusion from about 90 degrees to about 360 degrees about the central axis of the chuck to contact and engage a proximal end surface of the locking protrusion with a distal end surface of the bit, thereby preventing distal translation of the bit relative to the central axis. In some embodiments, operation 408 can include rotating the locking protrusion about 180 degrees relative to the central axis defined by the chuck. In some embodiments, operation 408 can include aligning a chuck indicator with an impactor indicator. For example, the surgeon can first view the chuck indicator and impactor indicator to receive an indication of whether the locking protrusion is in a locked or unlocked position, or in what direction and radial distance the third body defining the locking protrusion should be rotated to move the locking protrusion between the unlocked and locked positions or vice versa.

[0070] FIG. 9A shows an exploded view of a chuck system according to at least one embodiment of the present application. In this example, chuck 504 includes structures such as a chuck body 510, a locking knob 520, a rear threaded cap 530, ball plungers 540A, 540B (collectively referred to as ball plungers 540), an O-ring 550, and a front bearing 560. FIG. 9B shows a cross-section of chuck 504, while FIG. 9C shows a second cross-section of chuck 504. Chuck 504 is discussed below with reference to FIGS. 9A-9C.

[0071] The chuck body 510 is adapted to be securely secured within the surgical impactor 102 in a manner similar to the chuck 104 discussed above. Prior to insertion into the surgical impactor 102, the locking knob 520 is secured onto the chuck body 510 by threading its proximal end into a rear threaded cap 530. An O-ring 550 is positioned between the rear threaded cap 530 and the proximal face of the chuck body 510 to seal the internal components of the chuck 504. A front bearing 560 fits into a groove 514 in the distal face of the chuck body 510. In one embodiment, the front bearing 560 can be a solid bearing or a lubricated O-ring to allow rotation of the locking knob 520 relative to the chuck body 510. Prior to assembly of the chuck body 510 and the locking knob 520, a ball plunger 540 is inserted into the opposing side of the chuck body 510. Ball plunger 540 interacts with a recess within lock knob 520 to provide detents in locked and unlocked positions, which in this embodiment are 180 degrees apart.

[0072] In this embodiment, chuck 504, an improved version of chuck 104, is discussed with reference to at least FIGS. 1A through 6. Other than modifications illustrated in FIGS. 9A through 9C and discussed below, chuck 504 retains the structure of chuck 104. For example, locking knob 520 includes structure comparable to second body 112 and third body 114. However, locking knob 520 is formed as a unitary structure that effectively integrates second body 112 and third body 114. Locking knob 520 includes structure including, but not limited to, locking protrusion 126 and first surface 119 for engaging portions of bit 108. Locking knob 520 also includes an instrument bore 522 for receiving a bit, such as bit 108. Locking knob 520 also includes a distal internal threaded surface 524 adapted to engage rear threaded cap 530.

[0073] The chuck body 510 is similar in structure to the first body 110; specifically, all structure within the first body 110 that engages the bit 108 is replicated within the chuck body 510. For example, the first cylindrical surface 116 is replicated within the chuck body 510 as the first cylindrical surface 516, as is the third cylindrical surface 125, which is replicated within the chuck body 510 as the third cylindrical surface 515. For clarity, the chuck 504 does not specifically identify all of the common structure from the chuck 104 in order to highlight the differences. The chuck body 510 differs from the first body 110 only in a few external features, such as a cylindrical groove 514 on the distal surface for accommodating the front bearing 560.

[0074] Ball plunger 540 can be configured similarly to detent 184 first discussed with reference to FIG. 2. In this embodiment, ball plunger 540 can include an insert 544 and a ball 542. Ball plunger 540 can also include a spring for biasing ball 542 outward into engagement with a recess within locking knob 520.

[0075] In operation, the chuck 504 receives a bit, such as bit 108, within the instrument bore 522 with the locking knob 520 in the unlocked position. Once the bit is securely seated within the chuck body 510, the locking knob 520 can be rotated 180 degrees clockwise until the ball plunger 540 is received within a recess in the locking knob 520. As discussed with reference to the chuck 104, the locking knob 520 includes an eccentric cam structure for engaging the bit and locking it within the chuck body 510.

[0076] The systems, devices, etc. described above are merely illustrative of components, interconnections, communications, functionality, etc. that may be used to implement embodiments in accordance with the present disclosure. Different types and combinations of sensors or other portable electronic devices, computers including clients and servers, implants, and other systems and devices may be utilized in embodiments according to the present disclosure.

[0077] The foregoing detailed description includes references to the accompanying drawings, which form a part of the detailed description. The drawings show, by way of illustration, specific embodiments in which the invention may be practiced. These embodiments are also referred to herein as "examples." Such examples may include multiple elements in addition to those shown or described. However, the inventors also contemplate examples including only those elements shown or described.

[0078] Moreover, the inventors also contemplate embodiments using any combination or permutation of these illustrated or described elements (or one or more aspects thereof) with respect to a particular embodiment (or one or more aspects thereof), or with respect to any other embodiment (or one or more aspects thereof) illustrated or described herein. In the event of a conflict in usage between this specification and any document so incorporated by reference, the usage in this specification will control.

[0079] The words "a" or "an" are used herein, as is common in patent documents, to include one or more, regardless of any other instance or usage of "at least one" or "one or more." The word "or" is used herein to mean a non-exclusive "or," unless otherwise indicated, such that "A or B" includes "A but not B," "B but not A," and "A and B." The terms "including" and "in which" are used herein as plain English equivalents of the terms "comprising" and "wherein," respectively. Similarly, in the following claims, the terms "including" and "comprising" are open-ended, i.e., systems, devices, articles, compositions, formulations, or processes that include elements in addition to those recited after such terms in a claim are still deemed to be within the scope of that claim. Moreover, in the following claims, terms such as "first," "second," and "third" are used merely as labels and are not intended to impose numerical requirements on their objects.

[0080] The foregoing description is intended to be illustrative, not limiting. For example, the above-described examples (or one or more aspects thereof) may be used in combination with each other. Other embodiments may also be utilized, for example, upon review by one of ordinary skill in the art of the present disclosure. The Abstract is provided for purposes of complying with 37 C.F.R. §1.72(b) to allow the reader to quickly ascertain the content of the technical disclosure. It is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit the scope or meaning of the claims. Similarly, in the foregoing Detailed Description, various features may be grouped together to streamline the disclosure.

[0081] This should not be interpreted as intending that an unclaimed disclosed feature is essential to any claim. Rather, inventive subject matter may lie in fewer than all features of a particular disclosed embodiment. Accordingly, the following claims are incorporated into the detailed description as examples or embodiments, with each claim standing on its own as a separate embodiment, and it is contemplated that such embodiments can be combined with each other in various combinations or permutations. The scope of the invention should be determined with reference to the appended claims, along with the full range of equivalents to which such claims are entitled.

[0082] Notes and Examples The following non-limiting examples detail certain aspects of the subject matter to, among other things, solve the problems and provide the benefits discussed herein.

[0083] Example 1 is a chuck for a powered surgical impactor, the chuck including: a first body including a proximal portion insertable into a powered surgical impactor to position the first body relative to the powered surgical impactor and a distal portion defining a first bit bore; a second body adapted to receive the distal portion of the first body; and a third body at least partially receivable within the second body, the third body defining a second bit bore extending therethrough, wherein the third body A chuck for a powered surgical impactor defining a locking protrusion, wherein the third body and the second body are adapted to engage with each other to prevent relative rotation therebetween, and the third body and the second body are adapted to rotate relative to the first body to move the locking protrusion between an unlocked position, in which the locking protrusion is positioned to allow insertion of a surgical instrument into the chuck, and a locked position, in which the locking protrusion is positioned to prevent removal of the surgical instrument from the chuck.

[0084] In Example 2, the subject matter of Example 1 includes the locking protrusion extending radially inward within the second bit bore, the surgical instrument including a bit insertable into the chuck to operably couple the surgical instrument to the powered surgical impactor, the bit adapted to engage the first body within the first bit bore to concentrically center the bit within the chuck, and in the locked position, the locking protrusion of the third body positioned to prevent removal of the bit from the chuck, and in the unlocked position, the locking protrusion of the third body positioned to allow removal of the bit from the chuck.

[0085] In Example 3, the subject matter of Example 2 includes the first body defining a first cylindrical surface forming a portion of the first bit bore, and the bit defining a second cylindrical surface adapted to engage the first cylindrical surface to concentrically center the bit within the chuck.

[0086] In Example 4, the subject matter of Example 3 includes: the first bit bore includes a first portion and a second portion, the first portion defining a diameter smaller than a diameter defined by the second portion, a first tapered surface extending between the first portion and the second portion, and the bit including a first cam surface extending between the second cylindrical surface and a fourth cylindrical surface of the bit, the first cam surface adapted to correspond to the first tapered surface.

[0087] In Example 5, the subject matter of Examples 3-4 includes: the first body defining a third cylindrical surface positioned distally relative to the first cylindrical surface; and the bit defining a plurality of contact surfaces positioned distally relative to the second cylindrical surface, the plurality of contact surfaces forming an annular arrangement and adapted to engage the third cylindrical surface of the first body to concentrically center the bit within the chuck.

[0088] In Example 6, the subject matter of Example 5 includes the bit defining a first plurality of planar surfaces forming an annular arrangement, the chuck adapted to engage the first plurality of planar surfaces to prevent rotation of the bit within the chuck, and each contact surface of the plurality of planar surfaces radially spaced apart from each other.

[0089] In Example 7, the subject matter of Example 6 includes the chuck including a cross pin extending laterally through the first body and within the first portion perpendicular to the first bit bore, the cross pin positioned to engage one of the first plurality of planar surfaces to prevent rotation of the bit within the chuck.

[0090] In Example 8, the subject matter of Example 7 includes the surgical instrument including a second plurality of planar surfaces forming an annular arrangement, the second plurality of planar surfaces positioned externally relative to the chuck when the bit is housed within the chuck, each planar surface of the second plurality of planar surfaces corresponding to the orientation of one of the first plurality of planar surfaces, and the second body defining a reference surface extending parallel to the cross pin when the locking protrusion is in the unlocked position.

[0091] In Example 9, the subject matter of Examples 1 to 8 includes: the first body defining a first annular groove positioned distal to the second portion of the first bit bore; the third body defining a second annular groove; the chuck including a plurality of rolling bearings adapted to be simultaneously housed within the first annular groove and the second annular groove; and the plurality of rolling bearings adapted to rotatably support the third body and the second body relative to the first body.

[0092] In Example 10, the subject matter of Example 9 includes the first body defining an outer surface and a third annular groove extending radially inward into the outer surface; the second body defining an inner surface; and the chuck including a first sealing element adapted to be received within the third annular groove of the first body, the first sealing element adapted to engage the inner surface of the second body to establish a fluid-tight seal between the first body and the second body.

[0093] In Example 11, the subject matter of Example 10 includes the chuck including a second sealing element positioned within the first body, the second sealing element adapted to establish a fluid-tight seal between the first body and the powered surgical impactor and limit proximal translational movement of the bit within the chuck.

[0094] Example 12 is a chuck system for a powered surgical impactor, the chuck comprising: a first body including a proximal portion insertable into the powered surgical impactor to position the first body relative to the powered surgical impactor and a distal portion defining a first bit bore, the first body defining a first cylindrical surface forming a portion of the first bit bore; a second body adapted to receive the distal portion of the first body; and a third body at least partially receivable within the second body, the third body defining a second bit bore extending through the third body. a third body defining a locking protrusion extending radially inward into the second bit bore and forming a semi-annular profile, the third body and the second body adapted to engage one another to prevent relative rotation therebetween, and the third body and the second body adapted to rotate relative to the first body to move the locking protrusion between locked and unlocked positions; and a surgical instrument including a bit insertable into the chuck to operably couple the surgical instrument to the powered surgical impactor.

[0095] In Example 13, the subject matter of Example 12 includes wherein the bit defines a second cylindrical surface adapted to engage the first cylindrical surface of the first body to concentrically center the bit within the chuck, and wherein in the unlocked position, the locking protrusion of the third body is positioned to allow insertion of the bit into the chuck, and in the locked position, the locking protrusion of the third body is positioned to prevent removal of the bit from the chuck.

[0096] In Example 14, the subject matter of Example 13 includes the first bit bore and the second bit bore collectively defining a central axis, the locking protrusion defining a proximal end surface extending substantially perpendicular to the central axis, and the bit defining a distal end surface extending radially outward from the bit, the distal end surface extending substantially perpendicular to the central axis when the bit is housed within the chuck, and the proximal end surface positioned to engage the distal end surface to limit distal translational movement of the bit within the chuck when the locking protrusion is in the locked position.

[0097] In Example 15, the subject matter of Example 14 includes the third body including a head portion adapted to engage with the second body to support the third body within the second body and to position the second bit bore of the third body relative to the first bit bore and central axis of the first body, and a body portion extending proximally from the head portion, the body portion defining a second annular groove, wherein the first body defines the first annular groove positioned distally relative to the second portion of the first bit bore, and the chuck includes a plurality of rolling bearings adapted to be simultaneously housed within the first annular groove and the second annular groove, and the plurality of rolling bearings are adapted to rotatably support the third body and the second body relative to the first body.

[0098] In Example 16, the subject matter of Example 15 includes the first body defining a fastener bore positioned proximally relative to and extending concentrically with the first bit bore, and including a fastener extending axially through the fastener bore and adapted to removably couple the chuck to the powered surgical impactor.

[0099] In Example 17, the subject matter of Example 16 includes the powered surgical impactor including an impacting member including an outer annular surface, and a first body defining an inner annular surface positioned proximal to the fastener bore, the inner annular surface adapted to engage the outer annular surface to concentrically center the first body relative to the powered surgical impactor.

[0100] In Example 18, the subject matter of Example 17 includes the chuck including a first sealing element adapted to be received within the third annular groove of the first body, the first sealing element adapted to engage an inner surface of the second body to establish a liquid-tight seal between the first body and the second body, and a second sealing element positioned within the first body, the second sealing element adapted to establish a liquid-tight seal between the first body and the powered surgical impactor and to limit proximal translational movement of the bit within the chuck.

[0101] In Example 19, the subject matter of Example 18 includes the chuck system including a detent housed within the first body, the ball of the detent adapted to extend radially outward beyond an outer surface of the first body; the second body defining a first recess and a second recess, the first recess positioned to receive the ball of the detent when the locking protrusion of the third body is in the unlocked position, and the second recess positioned to receive the ball of the detent when the locking protrusion of the third body is in the locked position.

[0102] In Example 20, the subject matter of Example 19 includes the first body defining a protrusion positioned distally relative to the first annular groove, the protrusion extending parallel to and laterally offset from the central axis; and the head portion of the third body defining a first end surface and a second end surface, the first end surface positioned to contact the protrusion when the detent ball is received within the first recess, and the second end surface positioned to contact the protrusion when the detent ball is received within the second recess.

[0103] Example 21 is a method of operably coupling a surgical instrument to a surgical impactor, the method including: securely fastening a chuck to the surgical impactor; inserting a bit of the surgical instrument into the chuck to concentrically center the bit within the chuck; and locking the bit within the chuck by rotating a locking protrusion on the chuck from an unlocked position to a locked position.

[0104] In Example 22, the subject matter of Example 21 includes wherein inserting the bit of the surgical instrument into the chuck includes engaging a first cylindrical surface of the chuck with a second cylindrical surface of the bit to concentrically center the bit within the chuck.

[0105] In Example 23, the subject matter of Example 22 includes wherein inserting the bit of the surgical instrument into the chuck includes engaging a third cylindrical surface of the chuck with the plurality of contact surfaces of the bit to concentrically center the bit within the chuck.

[0106] In Example 24, the subject matter of Examples 21 to 23 includes an angle relative to a central axis defined by the chuck.

[0107] In Example 25, the subject matter of Example 24 includes wherein the step of locking the bit within the chuck by rotating the locking protrusion of the chuck from an unlocked position to a locked position includes aligning the chuck indicator and the impactor indicator.

[0108] In Example 26, the subject matter of Examples 21 to 25 includes selectively positioning the surgical instrument by aligning one of the first plurality of planar surfaces of the bit or one of the second plurality of planar surfaces of the surgical instrument with a reference surface of the chuck.

[0109] Example 27 is at least one machine-readable medium comprising instructions that, when executed by a processing circuit, cause the processing circuit to perform operations to implement any one of Examples 1 to 26.

[0110] Example 28 is an apparatus including means for implementing any one of Examples 1 to 26.

[0111] The twenty-ninth embodiment is a system for implementing any one of the first to twenty-sixth embodiments.

[0112] Example 30 is a method for implementing any one of Examples 1 to 26. According to aspect (1), there is provided a chuck for a powered surgical impactor, comprising: a first body, a proximal portion insertable into the powered surgical impactor to position the first body relative to the powered surgical impactor; a distal portion defining a first bit bore; a first body including: a second body adapted to receive the distal portion of the first body; a third body at least partially receivable within the second body, the third body defining a second bit bore extending therethrough; Equipped with the third body defines a locking protrusion; the third body and the second body are adapted to engage with each other to prevent relative rotation therebetween; The third body and the second body are adapted to rotate relative to the first body to move the locking protrusions between an unlocked position, in which the locking protrusions are positioned to allow insertion of a surgical instrument into the chuck, and a locked position, in which the locking protrusions are positioned to prevent removal of the surgical instrument from the chuck. A chuck for a powered surgical impactor. According to aspect (2), the locking protrusion extends radially inward into the second bit bore, the surgical instrument includes a bit insertable within the chuck to operably couple the surgical instrument to the powered surgical impactor, the bit adapted to engage the first body within the first bit bore to concentrically center the bit within the chuck; In the locked position, the locking projection of the third body is positioned to prevent removal of the bit from the chuck; In the unlocked position, the locking protrusion on the third body is positioned to allow removal of the bit from the chuck. According to aspect (3), the first body defines a first cylindrical surface that forms a portion of the first bit bore; The bit defines a second cylindrical surface adapted to engage the first cylindrical surface to concentrically center the bit within the chuck. According to aspect (4), the first bit bore includes a first portion and a second portion, the first portion defining a diameter smaller than a diameter defined by the second portion, and a first tapered surface extending between the first portion and the second portion; The bit includes a first cam surface extending between the second cylindrical surface and the fourth cylindrical surface of the bit, the first cam surface adapted to correspond to the first tapered surface. According to aspect (5), the first body defines a third cylindrical surface positioned distally relative to the first cylindrical surface; The bit defines a plurality of contact surfaces positioned distally relative to the second cylindrical surface, the plurality of contact surfaces forming an annular arrangement and adapted to engage the third cylindrical surface of the first body to concentrically center the bit within the chuck. According to aspect (6), the bit defines a first plurality of planar surfaces forming an annular arrangement, and the chuck is adapted to engage the first plurality of planar surfaces and prevent rotation of the bit within the chuck; Each contact surface of the plurality of contact surfaces radially separates each planar surface of the plurality of planar surfaces from one another. According to aspect (7), the chuck includes a cross pin extending laterally through the first body and perpendicular to the first bit bore within the first portion, the cross pin positioned to engage one of the first plurality of planar surfaces and prevent rotation of the bit within the chuck. According to aspect (8), the surgical instrument includes a second plurality of planar surfaces forming an annular arrangement, the second plurality of planar surfaces being positioned externally relative to the chuck when the bit is housed within the chuck, and each planar surface of the second plurality of planar surfaces corresponding to an orientation of one of the first plurality of planar surfaces; The second body defines a reference surface that extends parallel to the cross pin when the locking projection is in the unlocked position. According to aspect (9), the first body defines a first annular groove positioned distally relative to the second portion of the first bit bore; the third body defines a second annular groove; The chuck includes a plurality of rolling bearings adapted to be simultaneously housed within the first annular groove and the second annular groove, and the plurality of rolling bearings are adapted to rotatably support the third body and the second body relative to the first body. According to aspect (10), the first body defines an outer surface and a third annular groove extending radially inward into the outer surface; the second body defining an inner surface; The chuck includes a first sealing element adapted to be received within the third annular groove of the first body, the first sealing element adapted to engage the inner surface of the second body to establish a fluid-tight seal between the first body and the second body. According to aspect (11), the chuck includes a second sealing element positioned within the first body, the second sealing element adapted to establish a fluid-tight seal between the first body and the powered surgical impactor and to limit proximal translational movement of the bit within the chuck. According to aspect (12), there is provided a chuck system for a powered surgical impactor, comprising: A zipper a first body, a proximal portion insertable into the powered surgical impactor to position the first body relative to the powered surgical impactor; a distal portion defining a first bit bore; defining a first cylindrical surface forming a portion of said first bit bore; a first body; a second body adapted to receive the distal portion of the first body; a third body at least partially receivable within the second body, the third body defining a second bit bore extending therethrough; Including, the third body defines a locking protrusion extending radially inward into the second bit bore and forming a semi-annular profile; the third body and the second body are adapted to engage with each other to prevent relative rotation therebetween; the third body and the second body are adapted to rotate relative to the first body to move the locking protrusion between a locked position and an unlocked position. Chuck and A surgical instrument comprising: a surgical instrument including a bit insertable within the chuck to operatively couple the surgical instrument to the powered surgical impactor; The chuck system includes: According to aspect (13), the bit defines a second cylindrical surface adapted to engage the first cylindrical surface of the first body to concentrically center the bit within the chuck; In the unlocked position, the locking protrusion of the third body is positioned to allow insertion of the bit into the chuck; In the locked position, the locking protrusion on the third body is positioned to prevent removal of the bit from the chuck. According to aspect (14), the first bit bore and the second bit bore collectively define a central axis; the locking projection defines a proximal end surface extending substantially perpendicular to the central axis; The bit defines a distal end surface extending radially outward from the bit, the distal end surface extending substantially perpendicular to the central axis when the bit is housed within the chuck, and the proximal end surface positioned to engage the distal end surface to limit distal translational movement of the bit within the chuck when the locking protrusion is in the locked position. According to aspect (15), the third body is a head portion adapted to engage the second body to support the third body within the second body and to position the second bit bore of the third body relative to the first bit bore of the first body and the central axis; a body portion extending proximally from the head portion, the body portion defining a second annular groove; Including, the first body defines a first annular groove positioned distally relative to the first bit bore second portion; The chuck includes a plurality of rolling bearings adapted to be simultaneously housed within the first annular groove and the second annular groove, and the plurality of rolling bearings are adapted to rotatably support the third body and the second body relative to the first body. According to aspect (16), the first body defines a fastener bore positioned proximal to the first bit bore and extending concentrically with the first bit bore; The chuck system includes a fastener adapted to extend axially through the fastener bore and removably couple the chuck to the powered surgical impactor. According to aspect (17), the powered surgical impactor includes an impacting member including an outer annular surface; The first body defines an inner annular surface positioned proximally relative to the fastener bore, the inner annular surface adapted to engage the outer annular surface to concentrically center the first body relative to the powered surgical impactor. According to aspect (18), the chuck comprises: a first sealing element adapted to be received within a third annular groove of the first body and adapted to engage an inner surface of the second body to establish a liquid-tight seal between the first body and the second body; a second sealing element positioned within the first body, the second sealing element adapted to establish a fluid-tight seal between the first body and the powered surgical impactor and to limit proximal translational movement of the bit within the chuck; Includes: According to aspect (19), the chuck system includes a detent housed within the first body, the ball of the detent adapted to extend radially outward beyond an outer surface of the first body; The second body defines a first recess and a second recess, the first recess being positioned to receive the ball of the detent when the locking protrusion of the third body is in the unlocked position, and the second recess being positioned to receive the ball of the detent when the locking protrusion of the third body is in the locked position. According to aspect (20), the first body defines a protrusion positioned distally relative to the first annular groove, the protrusion extending parallel to and laterally offset from the central axis; The head portion of the third body defines a first end surface and a second end surface, the first end surface positioned to contact the protrusion when the ball of the detent is received within the first recess, and the second end surface positioned to contact the protrusion when the ball of the detent is received within the second recess. According to aspect (21), there is provided a method of operably coupling a surgical instrument to a surgical impactor, the method comprising: securing a chuck to the surgical impactor; inserting a bit of the surgical instrument into the chuck and concentrically centering the bit within the chuck; locking the bit within the chuck by rotating a locking protrusion on the chuck from an unlocked position to a locked position; The method includes: According to aspect (22), inserting the bit of the surgical instrument into the chuck includes engaging a first cylindrical surface of the chuck with a second cylindrical surface of the bit to concentrically center the bit within the chuck. According to aspect (23), inserting the bit of the surgical instrument into the chuck includes engaging a third cylindrical surface of the chuck with a plurality of contact surfaces of the bit to concentrically center the bit within the chuck. According to aspect (24), locking the bit within the chuck by rotating the locking protrusion of the chuck from the unlocked position to the locked position includes rotating the locking protrusion approximately 180 degrees relative to a central axis defined by the chuck. According to aspect (25), locking the bit within the chuck by rotating the locking protrusion of the chuck from the unlocked position to the locked position includes aligning a chuck indicator and an impactor indicator. According to aspect (26), the method includes selectively positioning the surgical instrument by aligning one of the first plurality of planar surfaces of the bit or one of the second plurality of planar surfaces of the surgical instrument with a reference surface of the chuck.

Claims

1. 1. A chuck for a powered surgical impactor, comprising: a first body, a proximal portion insertable into the powered surgical impactor to position the first body relative to the powered surgical impactor; a distal portion defining a first bit bore; defining a first cylindrical surface forming a portion of said first bit bore; the first body; a second body adapted to receive the distal portion of the first body; a third body at least partially receivable within the second body, the third body defining a second bit bore extending therethrough; Equipped with the third body defines a locking protrusion extending radially inward into the second bit bore and forming a semi-annular profile; the third body and the second body are adapted to engage with one another to prevent relative rotation therebetween; the third body and the second body are adapted to rotate relative to the first body to move the locking protrusions between an unlocked position, where the locking protrusions are positioned to allow insertion of a surgical instrument into the chuck, and a locked position, where the locking protrusions are positioned to prevent removal of the surgical instrument from the chuck; the surgical instrument includes a bit insertable within the chuck to operably couple the surgical instrument to the powered surgical impactor; the bit defines a second cylindrical surface adapted to engage the first cylindrical surface of the first body to concentrically center the bit within the chuck; In the unlocked position, the locking protrusion of the third body is positioned to allow insertion of the bit into the chuck; In the locked position, the locking projection of the third body is positioned to prevent removal of the bit from the chuck; the first bit bore and the second bit bore collectively define a central axis; the locking projection defines a proximal end surface extending substantially perpendicular to the central axis; the bit defines a distal end surface extending radially outward from the bit, the distal end surface extending substantially perpendicular to the central axis when the bit is housed within the chuck, and the proximal end surface positioned to engage the distal end surface to limit distal translational movement of the bit within the chuck when the locking protrusion is in the locked position. Chuck for powered surgical impactor.

2. The third body includes: a head portion adapted to engage the second body to support the third body within the second body and to position the second bit bore of the third body relative to the first bit bore of the first body and the central axis; a body portion extending proximally from the head portion, the body portion defining a second annular groove; Including, the first body defines a first annular groove positioned distally of the first bit bore; the chuck includes a plurality of rolling bearings adapted to be simultaneously housed within the first annular groove and the second annular groove, the plurality of rolling bearings adapted to rotatably support the third body and the second body relative to the first body; 2. The chuck of claim 1.

3. the first body defines a fastener bore positioned proximally relative to and extending concentrically with the first bit bore; the chuck including a fastener extending axially through the fastener bore and adapted to removably couple the chuck to the powered surgical impactor.

3. The chuck of claim 2.

4. the powered surgical impactor includes an impacting member including an outer annular surface; the first body defines an inner annular surface positioned proximally relative to the fastener bore, the inner annular surface adapted to engage the outer annular surface to concentrically center the first body relative to the powered surgical impactor; 4. The chuck of claim 3.

5. The chuck is a first sealing element adapted to be received within a third annular groove, the third annular groove being a recess formed along an outer surface of the first body, the first sealing element adapted to engage an inner surface of the second body to establish a liquid-tight seal between the first body and the second body; a second sealing element positioned within the first body, the second sealing element adapted to establish a fluid-tight seal between the first body and the powered surgical impactor and to limit proximal translational movement of the bit within the chuck; 5. The chuck of claim 4, comprising:

6. the chuck includes a detent housed within the first body, the ball of the detent adapted to extend radially outward beyond an outer surface of the first body; the second body defines a first recess and a second recess, the first recess being positioned to receive the ball of the detent when the locking protrusion of the third body is in the unlocked position, and the second recess being positioned to receive the ball of the detent when the locking protrusion of the third body is in the locked position; 6. The chuck of claim 5.

7. the first body defines a protrusion positioned distally relative to the first annular groove, the protrusion extending parallel to and laterally offset from the central axis; the head portion of the third body defines a first end surface and a second end surface, the first end surface positioned to contact the protrusion when the ball of the detent is received within the first recess, and the second end surface positioned to contact the protrusion when the ball of the detent is received within the second recess; 7. The chuck of claim 6.

8. 1. A chuck system for a powered surgical impactor, comprising: A zipper a first body, a proximal portion insertable into the powered surgical impactor to position the first body relative to the powered surgical impactor; a distal portion defining a first bit bore; defining a first cylindrical surface forming a portion of said first bit bore; the first body; a second body adapted to receive the distal portion of the first body; a third body at least partially receivable within the second body, the third body defining a second bit bore extending therethrough; Including, the third body defines a locking protrusion extending radially inward into the second bit bore and forming a semi-annular profile; the third body and the second body are adapted to engage with one another to prevent relative rotation therebetween; the third body and the second body are adapted to rotate relative to the first body to move the locking protrusion between a locked position and an unlocked position; Chuck and A surgical instrument comprising: the surgical instrument including a bit insertable into the chuck to operably couple the surgical instrument to the powered surgical impactor; Equipped with the bit defines a second cylindrical surface adapted to engage the first cylindrical surface of the first body to concentrically center the bit within the chuck; In the unlocked position, the locking protrusion of the third body is positioned to allow insertion of the bit into the chuck; In the locked position, the locking projection of the third body is positioned to prevent removal of the bit from the chuck; the first bit bore and the second bit bore collectively define a central axis; the locking projection defines a proximal end surface extending substantially perpendicular to the central axis; the bit defines a distal end surface extending radially outward from the bit, the distal end surface extending substantially perpendicular to the central axis when the bit is housed within the chuck, and the proximal end surface positioned to engage the distal end surface to limit distal translational movement of the bit within the chuck when the locking protrusion is in the locked position. Chuck system.

9. The third body includes: a head portion adapted to engage the second body to support the third body within the second body and to position the second bit bore of the third body relative to the first bit bore of the first body and the central axis; a body portion extending proximally from the head portion, the body portion defining a second annular groove; Including, the first body defines a first annular groove positioned distally of the first bit bore; the chuck includes a plurality of rolling bearings adapted to be simultaneously housed within the first annular groove and the second annular groove, the plurality of rolling bearings adapted to rotatably support the third body and the second body relative to the first body; The chuck system of claim 8 .

10. the first body defines a fastener bore positioned proximally relative to and extending concentrically with the first bit bore; the chuck system includes a fastener adapted to extend axially through the fastener bore and removably couple the chuck to the powered surgical impactor. The chuck system of claim 9.

11. the powered surgical impactor includes an impacting member including an outer annular surface; the first body defines an inner annular surface positioned proximally relative to the fastener bore, the inner annular surface adapted to engage the outer annular surface to concentrically center the first body relative to the powered surgical impactor; The chuck system of claim 10.

12. The chuck is a first sealing element adapted to be received within a third annular groove, the third annular groove being a recess formed along an outer surface of the first body, the first sealing element adapted to engage an inner surface of the second body to establish a liquid-tight seal between the first body and the second body; a second sealing element positioned within the first body, the second sealing element adapted to establish a fluid-tight seal between the first body and the powered surgical impactor and to limit proximal translational movement of the bit within the chuck; The chuck system of claim 11 , comprising:

13. the chuck system includes a detent housed within the first body, the ball of the detent adapted to extend radially outward beyond an outer surface of the first body; the second body defines a first recess and a second recess, the first recess being positioned to receive the ball of the detent when the locking protrusion of the third body is in the unlocked position, and the second recess being positioned to receive the ball of the detent when the locking protrusion of the third body is in the locked position; The chuck system of claim 12.

14. the first body defines a protrusion positioned distally relative to the first annular groove, the protrusion extending parallel to and laterally offset from the central axis; the head portion of the third body defines a first end surface and a second end surface, the first end surface positioned to contact the protrusion when the ball of the detent is received within the first recess, and the second end surface positioned to contact the protrusion when the ball of the detent is received within the second recess; The chuck system of claim 13.

15. A method for operably coupling a surgical instrument to a chuck for a powered surgical impactor in a chuck system for a powered surgical impactor as described in claim 8, wherein the surgical instrument includes a bit insertable into the chuck to operably couple the surgical instrument to the surgical impactor; securing a chuck to the surgical impactor; inserting the bit of the surgical instrument into the chuck and concentrically centering the bit within the chuck; locking the bit within the chuck by rotating the locking protrusion of the chuck from the unlocked position to the locked position; A method comprising:

16. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein inserting the bit of the surgical instrument into the chuck includes engaging the first cylindrical surface of the chuck with a second cylindrical surface of the bit to concentrically center the bit within the chuck.

17. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein inserting the bit of the surgical instrument into the chuck includes engaging a third cylindrical surface of the chuck with a plurality of contact surfaces of the bit to concentrically center the bit within the chuck.

18. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein locking the bit within the chuck by rotating the locking protrusions of the chuck from the unlocked position to the locked position comprises rotating the locking protrusions approximately 180 degrees relative to the central axis defined by the chuck.

19. 20. The method of claim 18, wherein locking the bit within the chuck by rotating the locking protrusion of the chuck from the unlocked position to the locked position includes aligning a chuck indicator with an impactor indicator.

20. 16. The method of claim 15, comprising selectively positioning the surgical instrument by aligning one of a first plurality of planar surfaces of the bit or one of a second plurality of planar surfaces of the surgical instrument with a reference surface of the chuck.

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