Aerosol fire extinguishing agent composition

Abstract

Provided is an aerosol fire-extinguishing agent composition which can be used as a fire extinguishing agent when a fire breaks out. The aerosol fire-extinguishing agent composition is characterized in that the amount of a fire extinguishing agent (fire extinguishing concentration of aerosol) required for fire extinguishing specified in a cup burner test is 1200-1800 g / m3.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to an aerosol fire extinguishing agent composition capable of generating an aerosol by combustion to extinguish and suppress a fire, and an aerosol generating automatic fire extinguishing device using the same.

Background Art

[0002] In general fire extinguishers and fire extinguishing devices, etc., a fire extinguishing agent in a fine powder state is filled as the fire extinguishing agent. In such fire extinguishers and fire extinguishing devices, at the time of operation, by diffusing the fire extinguishing agent in a fine powder state toward the flame, radicals such as potassium radicals are instantaneously generated, and the basic function is to capture hydrogen radicals, oxygen radicals, hydroxide radicals, etc. that promote the combustion reaction by the radicals to extinguish the fire.

[0003] Fire extinguishers and fire extinguishing devices using such powder-based fire extinguishing agents need to be containers that can withstand high pressure in order to instantaneously eject the fire extinguishing agent in powder form while diffusing it, so the containers become large and bulky and heavy.

[0004] Here, for example, in Patent Document 1 (Russian Patent No. RU2357778 C2), in order to realize a more compact fire extinguishing device, by using an explosive composition composed of dicyandiamide as a fuel component and potassium nitrate as an oxidizing agent component, it is possible to generate an aerosol containing potassium radicals derived from the oxidizing agent.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0005]

Patent Document 1

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0006] The present invention aims to provide an aerosol fire extinguishing agent composition that, when used as a fire extinguishing agent for fire extinguishers and fire extinguishing systems, allows for more compact and lightweight fire extinguishers and fire extinguishing systems compared to powder-based fire extinguishing agents, and an aerosol-generating automatic fire extinguishing system using the aerosol fire extinguishing agent composition. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] To solve the above problems, this invention addresses the issue of the amount of fire extinguishing agent (aerosol flame extinguishing concentration) required for extinguishing a fire as defined in the cup burner test being 10 to 1000 g / m³. 3 The present invention provides an aerosol fire extinguishing agent composition characterized by the following:

[0008] The aerosol fire extinguishing agent composition according to the present invention described above, (A) an aerosol generating agent component containing at least one of ammonia, alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, and halogens, (B) An oxidizing agent component comprising at least one of nitrates, chlorates, perchlorates, peroxides, and metal oxides, It is preferable that it includes.

[0009] In the aerosol fire extinguishing agent composition of the present invention described above, it is preferable that the aerosol generating agent component (A) is at least one of ammonium compounds, fluorides, chlorides, bromides, iodides, lithium compounds, sodium compounds, cesium compounds, magnesium compounds, and calcium compounds.

[0010] Furthermore, in the aerosol fire extinguishing agent composition of the present invention described above, it is preferable that the oxidizing agent component (B) is at least one of ammonium nitrate, lithium nitrate, sodium nitrate, strontium nitrate, sodium chlorate, cesium chlorate, strontium chlorate, ammonium chlorate, magnesium chlorate, calcium chlorate, lithium perchlorate, sodium perchlorate, cesium perchlorate, magnesium perchlorate, strontium perchlorate, strontium peroxide, iron oxide, copper oxide, and molybdenum oxide.

[0011] Furthermore, the aerosol fire extinguishing agent composition of the present invention described above has an apparent density of 1.0 g / cm³. 3 It is preferable that the above conditions are met.

[0012] Furthermore, the present invention also provides an aerosol generating automatic fire extinguishing device containing the aerosol fire extinguishing agent composition of the present invention described above. [Effects of the Invention]

[0013] The aerosol fire extinguishing agent composition of the present invention and the aerosol-generating automatic fire extinguishing device using it are not used by dispersing them in a powder state, but rather automatically ignite and burn upon receiving heat from a fire to generate an aerosol with fire extinguishing properties. Therefore, compared to cases where powder-based fire extinguishing agents are used, fire extinguishers and fire extinguishing devices can be made more compact and lighter. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0014] [Figure 1] This is an explanatory diagram showing a schematic configuration of a cup burner test apparatus used to measure the flame extinguishing concentration of the aerosol fire extinguishing agent composition according to the present invention. [Figure 2] This is an explanatory diagram of the test method for confirming the fire extinguishing performance using the aerosol fire extinguishing agent composition according to the present invention (combustion space volume is 5L). [Figure 3] This is an explanatory diagram including a schematic configuration of a cup burner test apparatus used to measure the flame extinguishing concentration of conventional fire extinguishing gases. [Figure 4] This is an explanatory diagram including a schematic configuration of a comparative cup burner test apparatus used to measure the flame extinguishing concentration of aerosol fire extinguishing agent compositions. [Figure 5] This is an explanatory diagram showing a schematic configuration of another comparative cup burner test apparatus used to measure the flame extinguishing concentration of aerosol fire extinguishing agent compositions. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0015] Hereinafter, an aerosol fire extinguishing agent composition according to a representative embodiment of the present invention and an aerosol generating automatic fire extinguishing device using the same will be described in detail while referring to the table. However, the present invention is not limited to these, various design changes are possible, and all aspects having the technical matters described in the claims are included in the present invention.

[0016] <Summary of the Present Invention> The present invention relates to an aerosol fire extinguishing agent composition. Specifically, the amount of fire extinguishing agent required for extinguishment (inflammation suppression concentration of aerosol) defined in the cup burner test is 10 to 1000 g / m 3 (more preferably 150 to 900 g / m 3 ). Therefore, although details will be described later, the present invention also relates to a test method for an aerosol fire extinguishing agent composition using the cup burner test method.

[0017] The cup burner test is a method generally used in performance tests of fire extinguishing gases. While supplying fuel in a prescribed manner, air is charged from an air cylinder at a predetermined flow rate (for example, 40 ml / min) to a cup burner device that is burning to maintain combustion. On the other hand, while changing the flow rate from a fire extinguishing gas cylinder, fire extinguishing gas (in this specification, aerosol) is also made to flow into the same cup burner device, and the amount of fire extinguishing agent (inflammation suppression concentration of aerosol) as the minimum inflow amount when the flame of the cup burner is extinguished is experimentally determined.

[0018] In addition, regarding the inflammation suppression concentration, when the inflammation suppression concentration is Tc (%) and the average value of the inflow amount of the fire extinguishing agent at the time of inflammation suppression is Vf (ml), the formula: Tc = 100 × Vf / (40 + Vf) is represented.

[0019] Since the present invention targets an aerosol fire extinguishing agent composition, in this specification, the inflammation suppression concentration is determined by aerosol instead of fire extinguishing gas. A combustion container that thermally decomposes an aerosol generating agent is connected instead of the fire extinguishing gas cylinder, and the experiment is conducted while obtaining the inflow amount from the weight change to determine the inflammation suppression concentration.

[0020] <Detailed description of the present invention> 1. Aerosol fire extinguishing agent composition The aerosol fire extinguishing agent composition according to the present invention comprises (A) an aerosol generating agent component containing at least one of ammonia, alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, and halogens, and (B) an oxidizing agent component containing at least one of nitrates, chlorates, perchlorates, peroxides, and metal oxides.

[0021] The aerosol-generating component (A), together with the oxidizing component (B), is a component that generates thermal energy through combustion to produce aerosols; in other words, it can be called a fuel, and contains at least one of ammonia, alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, and halogens. That is, the aerosol-generating component (A) is one or more types that contain at least one molecule or element from among ammonia, alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, and halogens.

[0022] Furthermore, the aerosol generating agent component (A) is preferably at least one of ammonium compounds, fluorides, chlorides, bromides, iodides, lithium compounds, sodium compounds, cesium compounds, magnesium compounds, and calcium compounds.

[0023] Next, the oxidizing agent component (B) is a component that generates thermal energy by combustion together with the aerosol generating agent component (A), and includes at least one of nitrates, chlorates, perchlorates, peroxides, and metal oxides.

[0024] In particular, the oxidizing agent component (B) is preferably at least one of ammonium nitrate, lithium nitrate, sodium nitrate, strontium nitrate, sodium chlorate, cesium chlorate, strontium chlorate, ammonium chlorate, magnesium chlorate, calcium chlorate, lithium perchlorate, sodium perchlorate, cesium perchlorate, magnesium perchlorate, strontium perchlorate, strontium peroxide, iron oxide, copper oxide, and molybdenum oxide.

[0025] Here, the content ratio of the aerosol generating agent component (A) and the oxidizing agent component (B) is approximately as follows, when the total amount of the aerosol generating agent component (A) and the oxidizing agent component (B) is taken as 100% by mass. Ingredient (A): 10-70% by mass, preferably 20-60% by mass, more preferably 30-50% by mass Ingredient (B): 30-90% by mass, preferably 40-80% by mass, more preferably 50-70% by mass

[0026] The aerosol fire extinguishing agent composition according to the present invention may contain additives necessary for molding, such as binders, plasticizers, and release agents, in addition to the aerosol generating agent component (A) and the oxidizing agent component (B).

[0027] Furthermore, the aerosol fire extinguishing agent composition according to the present invention preferably contains a molding aid component (C) in addition to the aerosol generating agent component (A) and the oxidizing agent component (B). The molding aid component (C) is a binder, plasticizer, lubricant, etc., necessary when molding the aerosol generating agent component (A) and the oxidizing agent component (B), and may be any of the following: CMC-Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium salt), ethylcellulose, PVA (polyvinyl alcohol), PVB (polyvinyl butyrate), PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone), starch, guar gum, carrageenan, gum arabic, natural rubber, synthetic rubber, silica, alumina, mica, silica alumina, carbon graphite, stearate, or whisker, with CMC-Na being preferred.

[0028] The content ratio of the molding aid component (C) may be 0.1 to 100 parts by mass, preferably 0.5 to 50 parts by mass, based on 100 parts by mass of the total amount of the aerosol generating agent component (A) and the oxidizing agent component (B).

[0029] The aerosol fire extinguishing agent composition of the present invention has a thermal decomposition initiation temperature in the range of over 90°C to 260°C, preferably over 150°C to 260°C. The thermal decomposition initiation temperature can be achieved by combining the above-mentioned aerosol generating agent component (A), oxidizing agent component (B), and molding aid component (C) in the above-mentioned proportions.

[0030] The composition of the present invention satisfies the above-mentioned thermal decomposition temperature range, and can extinguish a fire by automatically igniting and burning the aerosol generating agent component (A) and the oxidizing agent component (B) in response to the heat generated during a fire, without the need for an ignition device or the like, thereby generating an aerosol derived from the aerosol generating agent component (A).

[0031] Furthermore, since the ignition temperature of wood, a common combustible material found indoors, is 260°C, setting the pyrolysis temperature so that it does not activate below 90°C, the typical operating temperature of heat detectors in automatic fire alarm systems installed in areas where fire is handled, allows for rapid fire extinguishing and prevents false activation of the heat detectors. In particular, since the maximum setting temperature of the heat detector is 150°C, setting the lower limit of the pyrolysis start temperature above 150°C provides high versatility.

[0032] The form of the composition of the present invention is not particularly limited and can be a powder or a molded body of a desired shape. Examples of molded bodies include granules, pellets of a desired shape (such as cylindrical), tablets, spheres, discs, etc. In the case of a molded body, the apparent density is 1.0 g / cm³. 3 The above is preferable.

[0033] 2. Automatic fire extinguishing system for aerosol generation Next, the automatic fire extinguishing device according to the present invention can be in one form or one that does not have an ignition means for igniting the aerosol generating agent, or one that has an ignition means such as a known initiator or detonator for ignition.

[0034] Among the automatic fire extinguishing devices according to the present invention, an automatic fire extinguishing device that does not have an ignition means may be one in which the aerosol fire extinguishing agent composition according to the present invention is contained in a flammable or non-flammable container.

[0035] As an automatic fire extinguishing device, the aerosol fire extinguishing agent composition according to the present invention, in the form of being contained in a flammable container, can be used, for example, by dropping the container into the flames.

[0036] On the other hand, as an automatic fire extinguishing device, the aerosol fire extinguishing agent composition according to the present invention, in the form of a non-combustible container, can be used, for example, by sprinkling the composition through the opening of the container against a flammable object during cooking (such as the contents of a pot igniting).

[0037] Furthermore, in order to detect fires more quickly, the automatic fire extinguishing device according to the present invention can be configured in which the composition of the present invention is contained in a container made of a material with good thermal conductivity (aluminum, copper, etc.), and the container may also have a fin structure to increase the surface area in order to enhance the heat collection effect. This automatic fire extinguishing device can be used, for example, by being placed near various batteries, etc., to respond in the event of a fire caused by accidental ignition.

[0038] An automatic fire extinguishing system having an ignition means can be a combination of the aerosol fire extinguishing agent composition according to the present invention, which serves as the fire extinguishing agent, a container containing the ignition means, and a heat sensor or the like for transmitting the occurrence of a fire to the ignition means and activating it.

[0039] 3. Cup Burner Test Method As described above, the cup burner test is a method commonly used in performance testing of fire extinguishing gases. In this test, a cup burner device burns fuel supplied in a specified manner, and air is supplied from an air cylinder at a predetermined flow rate (e.g., 40 ml / min) while combustion is maintained. At the same time, fire extinguishing gas (aerosol in this specification) is introduced into the same cup burner device from a fire extinguishing gas cylinder at a varying flow rate, and the amount of fire extinguishing agent (flame extinguishing concentration of aerosol) that is the minimum amount that flows in when the flame of the cup burner is extinguished is experimentally determined.

[0040] The flame extinguishing concentration is used to evaluate the fire extinguishing performance of gaseous fire extinguishing agents, and is the ratio of the agent (fire extinguishing agent composition, fire extinguishing gas) to air when the flame is extinguished in a cup burner test. The flame extinguishing concentration Tc (%) is expressed by the following formula, where Vf (ml) is the average amount of fire extinguishing agent flowing in when the flame is extinguished. Formula: Tc=100×Vf / (40+Vf)

[0041] In conventional cup burner tests, an apparatus with the configuration shown in Figure 3 was used. However, since the aerosol fire extinguishing agent composition according to the present invention is generated and supplied by spontaneous combustion rather than being supplied from a fire extinguishing gas cylinder, such conventional apparatus cannot be used for experiments. Therefore, the inventors first investigated a method of mixing air supplied from an air cylinder with aerosol generated by burning the aerosol fire extinguishing agent composition in a combustion container, and supplying the resulting mixture to a cup burner apparatus.

[0042] Specifically, in the comparative cup burner test apparatus shown in Figure 4, the aerosol generated in the combustion chamber by the self-pressure during combustion of the aerosol fire extinguishing agent composition is mixed with air in a branched line, and this mixture is supplied to the cup burner device. In contrast, in another comparative cup burner test apparatus shown in Figure 5, an air supply line is drawn into the combustion chamber, and the aerosol generated by burning the aerosol fire extinguishing agent composition in the combustion chamber is mixed with air, and the mixture is discharged from a separate outlet and supplied to the cup burner device.

[0043] The combustion container will have a volume of 0.75 L. A solid (pellet-shaped) sample of the aerosol fire extinguishing agent composition will be placed on a filter, and a heater will be placed on top to burn it. The change in mass inside the combustion container will be continuously measured (10 times / s) using a weighing scale. In addition, the pressure inside the combustion container, the temperature inside the combustion container, and the temperature at the outlet of the combustion container will be continuously measured (100 times / s) using a data logger.

[0044] However, when using the apparatus shown in Figure 4, both the mass flow rate and aerosol concentration were extremely high, and abnormal fire extinguishing was observed. It was hypothesized that this was because a large amount of aerosol remained in the combustion container after the experiment, preventing it from being properly supplied to the cup burner device. The experimental conditions are as follows. • Air volume flow rate: 40 L / min Chamber volume: 0.75L • Tube inner diameter: 4mm • Sample diameter: 10mm, 20mm • Sample quantity: 1.3 pieces (φ10mm)

[0045] Furthermore, when using the apparatus shown in Figure 5, it was found that the aerosol concentration could be measured within a predetermined range, and that the mass flow rate could be manipulated by adjusting the cross-sectional area of ​​the solid (pellet-shaped) sample of the aerosol fire extinguishing agent composition. However, there were instances where fire extinguishing was not possible. This was presumed to be because the flow rate on the upstream side decreased due to pressure fluctuations (increases) during combustion, resulting in insufficient supply of aerosol. The experimental conditions are as follows. • Air volume flow rate: 40 L / min Chamber volume: 0.75L • Sample cross-sectional area: 52.8~78.54 mm² 2 • Number of samples: 1

[0046] Therefore, the inventors considered that pressure fluctuations could be mitigated by reducing the airflow rate into the combustion chamber, and devised a device having a configuration that divides the air supply line into two, as shown in Figure 1. In this device, the air is split into two 20 L / min branches, the combustion chamber is placed on one side, and then the two branches are merged.

[0047] Using the apparatus shown in Figure 1, the aerosols could be sufficiently mixed, and the phenomenon of fluctuations (decreases) in the upstream airflow rate was improved. The experimental conditions were as follows: • Air volume flow rate: 20 L / min and 20 L / min Chamber volume: 0.75L • Sample cross-sectional area: 35.84~68.8 mm² 2 • Number of samples: 1

[0048] However, the present invention also provides a cup burner test apparatus as shown in Figure 1, and a method for measuring the flame extinguishing concentration of an aerosol fire extinguishing agent composition using the said cup burner apparatus.

[0049] In particular, the cup burner test apparatus 100 according to the present invention, as shown in Figure 1, includes an air cylinder 10, a pipe (line) 12 coming out of the air cylinder 10, a first pipe (line) 14 and a second pipe (line) 16 branching off from the pipe 12 at point P, a combustion container 18 connected to the first pipe 14, and a weighing scale 20 on which the combustion container 18 is placed. The first pipe 14 and the second pipe 16 merge at point Q, and on the first pipe 14, the aerosol generated by combustion in the combustion container 18 and the air that has come through the second pipe 16 are mixed, and the mixture is supplied to the cup burner device 22. [Examples]

[0050] Examples 1-3, Comparative Examples 1-3 Components (A), (B), and (C) shown in Table 1 were thoroughly mixed in the proportions shown in Table 1 (as a dry product without water or solvents). Then, 10 parts by mass of deionized water was added to 100 parts by mass of the total amount of components (A), (B), and (C), and the mixture was further mixed to obtain a wet-water mixture. The resulting wet and wet mixture was dried in a constant temperature chamber at 110°C for 16 hours to obtain a dry product with a moisture content of 1% by mass or less. The obtained dry product was crushed in an agate mortar and granulated to a particle size of 500 μm or less to obtain a pulverized product. Next, 2.0g of the crushed material is filled into a designated mold (mortar) with an inner diameter of 9.6mm, a pestle is inserted, and a surface pressure of 220.5MPa (2250kg / cm²) is applied using a hydraulic pump. 2 A molded body of the aerosol fire extinguishing agent composition was obtained by applying pressure from both sides for 5 seconds each.

[0051] [Cup burner test] The cup burner test was performed using the apparatus shown in Figure 1 with the method described above, and the flame suppression concentration was determined. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0052] [Fire extinguishing test] The test was conducted using the apparatus shown in Figure 2. An iron wire mesh 2 was placed on a support stand 1, and the compositions (molded bodies) 6 of the examples and comparative examples were placed in the center. A transparent heat-resistant glass container (5L) was placed over the wire mesh 2, sealing all but the portion facing the wire mesh 2. A dish 5 containing 100 ml of n-heptane as an ignition agent was placed directly below the composition 6 through the wire mesh 2. In this state, n-heptane was ignited to generate a flame 7, and composition 6 was heated to generate an aerosol. The ability to extinguish the flame 7 was then observed. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0053] [Table 1]

[0054] As can be seen from Table 1, when the aerosol fire extinguishing agent composition according to the example was used, the fire was extinguished instantly in all cases. However, when the aerosol fire extinguishing agent composition according to the comparative example was used, the intensity of the fire temporarily decreased, but it was not extinguished. [Industrial applicability]

[0055] The aerosol fire extinguishing agent composition of the present invention can be used as a fire extinguishing agent when a fire occurs. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0056] 1, 11 Support stand 2, 12 wire mesh 3, 13 containers 5.15 Fire starter 6.16 Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Agent Compositions 7, 17 Flames

Claims

1. (A) an aerosol generating agent component containing one of ammonia, alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, and halogens, (B) An oxidizing agent component containing one of the following: chlorates, perchlorates, and peroxides, an aerosol fire extinguishing agent composition containing, In a cup burner test in which the aerosol generated by burning the aerosol fire extinguishing agent composition in a combustion container is mixed with air and the resulting mixture is supplied to a cup burner device, the amount of fire extinguishing agent required for extinguishing the fire (flame extinguishing concentration of the aerosol) is 150 to 900 g / m³. ３ And, An aerosol fire extinguishing agent composition characterized in that, when the total amount of the aerosol generating agent component (A) and the oxidizing agent component (B) is 100% by mass, the content ratio of the aerosol generating agent component (A) is 20 to 60% by mass, and the content ratio of the oxidizing agent component (B) is 40 to 80% by mass.

2. The aerosol generating agent component (A) is one of the following: ammonium compounds, fluorides, iodides, lithium compounds, sodium compounds, cesium compounds, magnesium compounds, and calcium compounds. The aerosol fire extinguishing agent composition according to claim 1, characterized by the above.

3. The aerosol generating agent component (A) is tripotassium citrate, dicyandiamide, or nitrocellulose. The aerosol fire extinguishing agent composition according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by the above.

4. The oxidizing agent component (B) is one of the following: sodium chlorate, cesium chlorate, strontium chlorate, ammonium chlorate, magnesium chlorate, calcium chlorate, lithium perchlorate, sodium perchlorate, cesium perchlorate, magnesium perchlorate, strontium perchlorate, and strontium peroxide. An aerosol fire extinguishing agent composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by the above.

5. The oxidizing agent component (B) is potassium chlorate. An aerosol fire extinguishing agent composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by the above.

6. The apparent density is 1.0 g / cm³ or more. An aerosol fire extinguishing agent composition according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by the above.

7. An aerosol-generating automatic fire extinguishing device comprising the aerosol-generating fire extinguishing agent composition according to any one of Claims 1 to 6.

8. (A) an aerosol generating agent component comprising one of ammonia, alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, and halogens, (B) an oxidizing agent component containing one of the following: chlorates, perchlorates, and peroxides, When preparing an aerosol fire extinguishing agent composition in which the total amount of the aerosol generating agent component (A) and the oxidizing agent component (B) is set to 100% by mass, the content ratio of the aerosol generating agent component (A) is 20 to 60% by mass, and the content ratio of the oxidizing agent component (B) is 40 to 80% by mass, A method for preparing an aerosol fire extinguishing agent composition, characterized in that, in a cup burner test in which the aerosol generated by burning the aerosol fire extinguishing agent composition in a combustion container is mixed with air and the resulting mixture is supplied to a cup burner device, the amount of fire extinguishing agent required for fire extinguishing (flame extinguishing concentration of aerosol) is set to 150 to 900 g / m³.

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