Heat-adjustable intraocular lens

Abstract

To provide an improved mechanism for noninvasively changing the base power of an ophthalmic lens.SOLUTION: An ophthalmic lens comprises: a lens body having a chamber therein; a reservoir fluidically connected with the chamber of the lens body and having a reservoir volume, the reservoir including multiple heat sensitive structures changing the reservoir volume by changing the shape from a first shape to a second shape in response to a temperature reaching a prescribed threshold; and an optical fluid residing in the chamber and the reservoir, where a change in the reservoir volume causes a portion of the optical fluid to flow between the reservoir and the chamber such that at least a portion of the lens body undergoes a shape change corresponding to a base power change.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1A

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure generally relates to ophthalmic lenses, and more particularly to heat-adjustable intraocular lenses.

Background Art

[0002] An intraocular lens (IOL) is implanted into a patient's eye to replace the patient's natural lens or, in the case of a phakic IOL, to supplement the patient's natural lens. Among conventional IOLs, there are monofocal IOLs and multifocal IOLs. A monofocal IOL has one focal length or one power. An object at the focal distance from the eye / IOL is in focus, but an object closer or farther from it may be out of focus. In contrast, a multifocal IOL has at least two focal lengths. A multifocal lens may assist patients with conditions such as myopia. Generally, a physician selects an IOL having an appropriate base power and other characteristics for the patient. In an ophthalmic surgery often performed for other conditions such as cataracts, the selected IOL is implanted.

[0003] While IOLs function to an acceptable degree in most patients, a selected IOL may have an inappropriate power for that patient. It is possible to remove the IOL, select a new one, and implant it. However, performing additional ophthalmic surgery for this purpose is undesirable. Other IOLs may have their power adjusted non-invasively. For example, some IOLs may be sensitive to ultraviolet (UV) light. Such IOLs may be exposed to UV light to change the lens power. Exposure to UV light can alter the shape of the IOL, and therefore the base power of the lens. While the base power of an IOL can be adjusted in this way, with such IOLs, the patient must wear UV-blocking glasses continuously until the adjustment phase is complete. The adjustment phase typically lasts about two weeks. Requiring a patient to wear UV-blocking glasses 24 hours a day for two weeks is inconvenient and undesirable. Once the adjustment phase is complete, the IOL's changes must be locked so that routine UV light exposure does not further alter its power. Once these changes are locked, the IOL's base power may no longer be adjustable. Other mechanisms exist for changing the base power of a lens, such as altering the tension. However, these mechanisms have their own drawbacks. [Overview of the Initiative] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]

[0004] Therefore, what is needed is an improved mechanism for non-invasively changing the base power of IOLs. [Means for solving the problem]

[0005] The method and system provide an ophthalmic lens comprising a lens body having a chamber therein, a storage module connected to the lens body, and an optical fluid. At least a portion of the lens body is flexible. The storage module includes a heat-sensitive portion and has a storage section therein. The storage section has a storage volume and is fluidly connected to the chamber. The heat-sensitive portion of the storage module is in contact with at least a portion of the storage section. The heat-sensitive portion has a shape that responds to a temperature of at least 45 degrees Celsius, and the storage volume changes in response to at least a portion of the heat-sensitive portion reaching that temperature. The optical fluid is located in the chamber and the storage section. The optical fluid has an optical fluid refractive index that matches the refractive index of the lens body by no more than 0.1. Changes in the storage volume cause a portion of the optical fluid to flow between the storage section and the chamber, and at least a portion of the lens body undergoes a shape change corresponding to the change in base power.

[0006] According to the methods and systems described herein, physicians can better, more easily, and non-invasively change the power of implantable ophthalmic devices such as IOLs.

[0007] To better understand this disclosure and its merits, the following description should be read in relation to the attached drawings, where similar reference numbers indicate similar features. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0008] [Figure 1A] Various diagrams illustrate exemplary embodiments of ophthalmic instruments that are adjustable by heat. [Figure 1B] Various diagrams illustrate exemplary embodiments of ophthalmic instruments that are adjustable by heat. [Figure 1C] Various diagrams illustrate exemplary embodiments of ophthalmic instruments that are adjustable by heat. [Figure 1D] Various diagrams illustrate exemplary embodiments of ophthalmic instruments that are adjustable by heat. [Figure 1E] Various diagrams illustrate exemplary embodiments of ophthalmic instruments that are adjustable by heat. [Figure 2A]Various diagrams of other exemplary embodiments of ophthalmic instruments adjustable by heat are shown. [Figure 2B] Various diagrams of other exemplary embodiments of ophthalmic instruments adjustable by heat are shown. [Figure 2C] Various diagrams of other exemplary embodiments of ophthalmic instruments adjustable by heat are shown. [Figure 2D] Various diagrams of other exemplary embodiments of ophthalmic instruments adjustable by heat are shown. [Figure 3A] Various diagrams of other exemplary embodiments of heat-adjustable ophthalmic lenses are shown. [Figure 3B] Various diagrams of other exemplary embodiments of heat-adjustable ophthalmic lenses are shown. [Figure 4] A cross-sectional perspective view of another exemplary embodiment of a heat-adjustable ophthalmic lens is shown. [Figure 5] This flowchart shows an exemplary embodiment of a method for providing a heat-adjustable ophthalmic instrument. [Figure 6] This flowchart shows an exemplary embodiment of a method using a heat-adjustable ophthalmic instrument. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0009] The exemplary embodiments relate to ophthalmic instruments such as intraocular lenses (IOLs). The following description is provided to enable those skilled in the art to manufacture and use the invention and is provided in terms of patent applications and their requirements. Various improvements to the exemplary embodiments and overall principles and features described herein will readily become apparent. The exemplary embodiments describe in terms of specific methods and systems provided in particular embodiments. However, the methods and systems will also function effectively in other embodiments. The terms “exemplary embodiments,” “one embodiment,” and “other embodiments” may refer to multiple embodiments, as well as the same or different embodiments. Embodiments are described in relation to systems and / or instruments having particular components. However, the systems and / or instruments may include more or fewer components than those illustrated, and the arrangement and types of components may be changed without departing from the scope of the invention. The exemplary embodiments also describe in terms of specific methods having particular steps. However, the methods and systems will also function effectively in terms of other methods having different and / or additional steps, as well as steps in a different order, that are not inconsistent with the exemplary embodiments. Therefore, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the illustrated embodiments, but rather to the broadest extent consistent with the principles and features described herein. Methods and systems are also described in relation to a single item rather than multiple items. Those skilled in the art will see that these singular terms encompass multiple items. For example, a chamber may include one or more chambers.

[0010] The method and system provide an ophthalmic lens comprising a lens body having a chamber therein, a storage module connected to the lens body, and an optical fluid. At least a portion of the lens body is flexible. The storage module includes a heat-sensitive portion and has a storage section therein. The storage section has a storage volume and is fluidly connected to the chamber. The heat-sensitive portion of the storage module is in contact with at least a portion of the storage section. The heat-sensitive portion has a shape that responds to a temperature of at least 45 degrees Celsius, and the storage volume changes in response to at least a portion of the heat-sensitive portion reaching that temperature. The optical fluid is located in the chamber and the storage section. The optical fluid has an optical fluid refractive index that matches the refractive index of the lens body by no more than 0.1. Changes in the storage volume cause a portion of the optical fluid to flow between the storage section and the chamber, and at least a portion of the lens body undergoes a shape change corresponding to the change in base power.

[0011] Figures 1A–1E show an exemplary embodiment of a heat-adjustable ophthalmic instrument 100, which may be used as an IOL. For brevity, the ophthalmic instrument 100 will hereafter be referred to as IOL 100. Figure 1A shows a plan view of IOL 100, and Figures 1B–1E show side views of the ophthalmic lens 110. For clarity, Figures 1A–1E are not to exact scale. IOL 100 includes the ophthalmic lens 110 as well as haptics 102 and 104. The portion of the ophthalmic lens 110 may contain various optical materials, including, but not limited to, one or more of silicone, hydrogel, and acrylic. The haptics 102 and 104 are used to hold the ophthalmic instrument 100 in place within the patient's eye (not explicitly shown). However, in other embodiments, other mechanisms may be used to hold the ophthalmic instrument in place within the eye. For clarity, the haptics are not depicted in Figures 1B–3C below. Although the ophthalmic lens 110 is depicted as having a circular cross-section in the plan view of Figure 1A, other shapes may be used in other embodiments.

[0012] The ophthalmic lens 110 (hereinafter referred to as "the lens") has an optical axis 106, a lens body 120, a storage module 130, and an optical fluid 140. Although the optical axis 106 is a labeled portion of the lens 110, it can be considered as an imaginary line passing through the centers of the front and rear surfaces. Therefore, the optical axis 106 is shown as a dashed line. The optical axis 106 may also be perpendicular to the surface at the point where it passes through the surface. Although not shown, the front and / or rear surfaces may have other features, including, but not limited to, a diffraction grating. Although shown as separate components, the storage module 130 and the lens body 120 may be integrated with each other as a single component. For example, some or all of the lens body 120 and the storage module may be formed as a monolithic structure.

[0013] The lens body 120 forms the main optical component of the IOL 100. Therefore, light passes through the lens body 120 and other components of the eye, allowing the patient to see. In some embodiments, the storage module 130 is not designed to transmit light used for vision. The lens body 120 includes a base 122, a flexible portion 124, and a chamber 126. In the embodiment shown in the figure, the flexible portion 124 is considered to be a flexible membrane 124. Consequently, the flexible portion 124 will hereafter be referred to as the flexible membrane 124. However, there is nothing preventing the flexible portion from having other components. The chamber 126 may be considered to be the space between the base 122 and the flexible membrane 124. The optical fluid 140, described later, is located at least in the chamber 126.

[0014] In the embodiment shown in the figure, the base 122 has stable optical properties. Therefore, the base 122 may be relatively constant in shape. In other embodiments, the base 122 may change shape somewhat in response to changes in the volume of the chamber 126. In contrast, the flexible film 124 is flexible and changes shape in response to changes in the volume of the storage section 126.

[0015] In some embodiments, the base 122 and the flexible membrane 124 may be made of the same material. For example, AcrySof®, AcrySof® 2, and / or other soft optical materials may be used. In other embodiments, the base 122 and the flexible membrane 124 may be made of different materials. The base 122 may be thick enough so that the base 122 remains substantially unchanged. However, the flexible membrane 124 may be thin enough to respond to changes in the volume of the chamber 126. For example, the flexible membrane 124 may be at least 80 micrometers thick and may be 300 micrometers thick or less. In other embodiments, other thicknesses are possible. In some embodiments, the flexible membrane 124 has a uniform thickness before the optical fluid 140 is provided. In other embodiments, the thickness of the flexible membrane 124 may be non-uniform.

[0016] The storage module 130 is located around the lens body 120 and includes storage portions 132A / 132B and a heat-sensitive portion 134. Cross-sections are shown in FIGS. 1B - 1D. Therefore, storage portions 132A and 132B (collectively referred to as storage portions 132A / 132B) and heat-sensitive portions 134A and 134B are shown. In some embodiments, the storage portions 132A and 132B are connected within the storage module 130 such that fluid can flow around the lens body 120. For example, the storage portions 132A and 132B may simply be part of a hollow annular body (i.e., a tube). In other embodiments, the storage portions 132A and 132B may be separated such that fluid flow between the storage portions 132A and 132B does not occur through the chamber 126 of the lens body 120. In other embodiments, the storage portions 132A and 132B may have different shapes.

[0017] The storage portions 132A and 132B are fluidly connected to the chamber 126 of the lens body 120. In the illustrated embodiment, there is simply an inlet / outlet (i.e., an opening or passageway) between the chamber 126 and the storage portions 132A and 132B. In other embodiments, the fluid path between the chamber 126 and the storage portions 132A and 132B may be more complex.

[0018] The optical fluid 140 is within the chamber 126 and the reservoirs 132A / 132B. For simplicity, in FIG. 1B, the optical fluid 140 is only individually labeled. In FIGS. 1C - 1E, the optical fluid is labeled together with the reservoirs 132A / 132B and the chamber 126. The optical fluid 140 may flow between the chamber 126 and the reservoirs 132A / 132B. Since the optical fluid 140 can be present within the chamber 126, the optical fluid 140 is in the path of the light used for vision. Therefore, the optical fluid 140 transmits light. Since the light is refracted by the lens body 120, the optical fluid 140 may also have a refractive index that matches that of the lens body 120 (e.g., the base 122 and, in some embodiments, the base 122 and the flexible membrane 124) to a certain extent. For example, in some embodiments, the refractive index of the optical fluid 140 is within 0.1 of that of the lens body 120. In some embodiments, the refractive index of the optical fluid 140 differs from that of the lens body 120 by no more than 0.05. If the lens body 120 is made of a material such as AcrySof® or AcrySof® 2, the optical fluid 140 may be a high molecular weight aromatic silicone copolymer liquid.

[0019] The heat - sensitive portions 134A and 134B of the storage module 130 may be part of one heat - sensitive portion. For example, the heat - sensitive portions 134A and 134B may be part of an annular body that occupies one wall of the reservoirs 132A / 132B. In other embodiments, the heat - sensitive portions 134A / 134B may have different shapes. For example, the heat - sensitive portion 134A and / or 134B may have a spherical, hemispherical, cubic, elliptical, or other different shapes. These shapes may be connected or separate. In addition, the heat - sensitive portion 134A may have a different shape from the heat - sensitive portion 134B. In the illustrated embodiment, the heat - sensitive portions 134A and 134B have different sizes. However, in other embodiments, the heat - sensitive portions 134A and 134B may have the same size.

[0020] The heat-sensitive portions 134A and 134B change shape in response to reaching a specific temperature (hereinafter referred to as the "glass transition temperature"). In the embodiment shown in the figure, the heat-sensitive portions 134A and 134B are formed of the same material and have the same glass transition temperature. In other embodiments, the heat-sensitive portions 134A and 134B may be formed of different materials and / or have different glass transition temperatures. It is desirable that this glass transition temperature of the heat-sensitive portions 134A and 134B is higher than the normal temperature of the eye. It is also desirable that the glass transition temperature is low enough so that the heat-sensitive portions 134A and 134B do not cause damage to the eye even when they reach the glass transition temperature. In some embodiments, the heat-sensitive portions 134A and 134B are small enough so that local heating of these portions 134A and 134B does not have a negative effect on the eye, even if the temperature reaches a temperature well above the normal temperature of the eye. For example, the normal temperature of the eye where IOL 100 is desired may be approximately 35°C to 40°C. The glass transition temperature of the heat-sensitive portions 134A and 134B may be at least 45°C. In some embodiments, the glass transition temperature may be at least 60°C. In other embodiments, the glass transition temperature may be at least 90°C. In addition, it may be desirable for the glass transition temperature to be less than 100°C.

[0021] At the normal temperature of the eye, the shapes of the heat-sensitive portions 134A and 134B remain constant. When one or both of the heat-sensitive portions 134A and 134B are heated to their glass transition temperature, their shapes change. Upon cooling, the heat-sensitive portions 134A and 134B retain their new shapes, which then remain constant. Therefore, normal wear of the IOL 100 does not affect the base power of the lens 110 or the shapes of the heat-sensitive portions 134A and 134B. For example, the heat-sensitive portions 134A and 134B may be formed from a shape-memory material, such as a shape-memory polymer (SMP). In addition, the SMP may contain additives (e.g., dyes or other materials) that absorb light within the wavelength range provided by the laser for heating.

[0022] The operation of IOL 100 can be seen from Figures 1B-1E. First, as shown in Figure 1B, the heat-sensitive portions 134A and 134B have specific shapes. The heat-sensitive portion 134A may be heated to or above its glass transition temperature. In some embodiments, this heating is achieved via a laser. For example, the laser may be aimed at and emitted onto the heat-sensitive portion 134A. The wavelength of the laser is selected to penetrate the cornea and vitreous fluid of the eye. In some embodiments, the laser may have a characteristic wavelength of about 1064 nm. In other embodiments, the laser may be in the wavelength range of 750-850 nanometers. The heat-sensitive portion 134A is heated to at least its glass transition temperature and changes shape.

[0023] Figure 1C shows the lens 110 after the heat-sensitive portion 134A has been heated to at least the glass transition temperature. The lens 110 may be cooled. The heat-sensitive portion 134A' has changed shape. As a result, the volume of the storage portion 132A' has decreased. This causes some of the optical fluid 140 to be pushed into the chamber 126'. Since the flexible film 124' is not rigid, the movement of the optical fluid 140 into the chamber 126' increases the deposition in the chamber 126', changing the shape of the flexible film 124'. Therefore, the power of the lens 110 has changed. Based on the changes in the volume of the storage portion 132A' and the chamber 126' and the properties of the flexible film 124' and the optical fluid 140, the change in the base power of the lens 110 may be determined.

[0024] Alternatively, the heat-sensitive portion 134B may be heated to or above its glass transition temperature. Heating may be achieved using a laser or a similar mechanism, as described above. Figure 1D shows the lens 110 after the heat-sensitive portion 134B has been heated. The lens 110 may be cooled. The heat-sensitive portion 134B' has changed shape. As a result, the volume of the storage portion 132B' has decreased. This causes some of the optical fluid 140 to be pushed into the chamber 126''. Since the flexible film 124'' is not rigid, the movement of the optical fluid 140 into the chamber 126'' increases the volume of the chamber 126'' and changes the shape of the flexible film 124''. Therefore, the power of the lens 110 has changed. Based on the changes in the volume of the storage portion 132B'' and the chamber 126'' and the properties of the flexible film 124'' and the optical fluid 140, the change in the base power of the lens 110 may be determined. However, because the change in volume of the storage section 132B'' is smaller, the change in the base power of the lens 110 is smaller in Figure 1D than in Figure 1C.

[0025] Both the heat-sensitive portions 134A and 134B may be heated to or above their glass transition temperature. Heating may be achieved using a laser or a similar mechanism, as described above. Figure 1E shows the lens 110 after the heat-sensitive portions 134A and 134B have been heated. The lens 110 may be cooled. The heat-sensitive portions 134A' and 134B' have changed shape. As a result, the volume of the storage portions 132A' and 132B' has decreased. This causes some of the optical fluid 140 to be pushed into the chamber 126'''. Since the flexible film 124''' is not rigid, the movement of the optical fluid 140 into the chamber 126''' increases the volume of the chamber 126''', changing the shape of the flexible film 124'''. Therefore, the power of the lens 110 has changed. The change in the base power of the lens 110 may be determined based on the volume changes of the storage sections 132A' and 132B' and the chamber 126''', and the properties of the flexible membrane 124''' and the optical fluid 140. Because the volume changes of the storage sections 132A' and 132B' are larger, the change in the base power of the lens 110 is greater in Figure 1E than in Figures 1C and 1D. For example, if the base power of the lens 110 changes by 0.25 diopters in the situation shown in Figure 1D, the base power may change by 0.5 diopters in the case shown in Figure 1C and by 0.75 diopters in the case shown in Figure 1E. Furthermore, the changes shown in Figures 1C, 1D, and 1E do not need to occur simultaneously. Instead, these changes may be made later based on updated information and / or changes in the patient's eye.

[0026] The base power of lens 110, i.e., IOL 100, may be changed if lens 110 has an inappropriate base power for the patient or if the patient's visual acuity changes over time. In some configurations, the power of lens 110 may be adjusted up or down based on whether or not there is an increase or decrease in volume in the storage section 132A / 132B. Since the heat-sensitive sections 134A and 134B may be changed by a laser, the power of lens 110 may be changed non-invasively. Therefore, the risks of invasive procedures such as IOL replacement can be avoided. Instead, the patient simply needs to go to the clinic. Changing the base power of lens 110 through laser heating may also be more cost-effective than replacing the entire IOL. In addition, the drawbacks of other non-invasive mechanisms for changing the base power of a lens may be avoided. For example, the need to lock the change into lens 110. Instead, additional heat may be applied at any time throughout the life of lens 110. Furthermore, the lens 110 does not require the wearer to wear special glasses, such as UV-protective glasses, at all times, especially when adjusting the base power. In addition, the power of the lens 110 can be adjusted simply by going to the clinic. The adjustment can also be performed more quickly. In some cases, heating, rapid changes in the shape of the heat-sensitive parts 134A / 134B, fluid flow between the storage parts 132A / 132B and the chamber 126, changes in the volume of the chamber 126, and the associated changes in the base power of the lens may take only a few minutes or less. Therefore, the lens 110 may be more easily adjusted to the patient's needs.

[0027] Figures 2A–2D show other exemplary embodiments of a thermally adjustable ophthalmic lens 150, which may be used as an IOL or within one. For brevity, the ophthalmic lens 150 will hereafter be referred to as lens 150. Figures 2A–2D show a side view of the ophthalmic lens 110. For clarity, Figures 2A–2D are not to exact scale. Lens 150 may be part of an IOL, such as IOL 100, which includes lens 150 and may also include a heptix (not shown in Figures 2A–2E).

[0028] The lens 150 has an optical axis 156, as well as a lens body 160, a storage module 170, and an optical fluid 190. The lens body 160, storage module 170, optical fluid 190, and optical axis 156 are the same as the lens body 120, storage module 130, optical fluid 140, and optical axis 106, respectively. Therefore, the lens body 160, base 162, flexible film 164, and chamber 166 are the same as the lens body 120, base 122, flexible film 124, and chamber 126, respectively. Similarly, the storage module 170, storage section 172A / 172B, and heat-sensitive sections 174A and 174B are the same as the storage module 130, storage section 132A / 132B, and heat-sensitive sections 134A and 134B, respectively. Finally, the optical fluid 190 is the same as the optical fluid 140. Therefore, the structure, function, and materials of these components may be similar to those described above. For example, the refractive index of the optical fluid 190 may match the refractive index of the lens body 160 within the aforementioned error. Although not shown, the front and / or rear surfaces may have other features, including, but not limited to, diffraction gratings. Although shown as separate components, the storage module 170 and the lens body 160 may be integrated with each other into a single component.

[0029] A microfluidic path 180 connecting the storage sections 172A / 172B to the chamber 166 is also shown. The ends of the microfluidic path 180 are shown as dashed lines, indicating the inlet / outlet of the chamber 166 and the storage sections 172A / 172B. In some embodiments, the microfluidic path 180 is simply a straight passage. However, in other embodiments, the microfluidic path 180 may have other, more complex structures.

[0030] The lens body 170 forms the main optical component of the lens 150. In contrast, the storage module 170 may not be designed to transmit light used for vision. In the illustrated embodiment, the flexible film 164 is pliable and may have optical properties that change in response to variations in the volume of the chamber 166. In contrast, the base 162 has stable optical properties and may be relatively constant in shape. In other embodiments, the base 162 may change shape somewhat in response to changes in the volume of the chamber 166.

[0031] The storage module 170 is located around the lens body 160. In some embodiments, the storage sections 172A and 172B are connected within the storage module 170, and the fluid may flow around the lens body 160. In some embodiments, the storage sections 172A and 172B are not connected, and no fluid flow between the storage sections 172A and 172B occurs through the chamber 166 of the lens body 160. In other embodiments, the storage sections 172A and 172B may have different shapes.

[0032] The heat-sensitive portions 174A and 174B of the storage module 130 may be part of a single heat-sensitive portion. For example, the heat-sensitive portions 174A and 174B may be part of an annular body occupying one wall of the storage section 172A / 172B. Alternatively, the heat-sensitive portions 174A and 174B may consist of separate units. For example, in Figures 2A-2D, each heat-sensitive portion 174A and 174B includes multiple capsules 175A and 17B, respectively. For simplicity, only one capsule 175A and 175B of each heat-sensitive portion 174A and 174B is indicated by a reference numeral. In some embodiments, each capsule 175A and / or 175B may be a single heat-sensitive structure, which may be insulated from other capsules. In other embodiments, capsules 175A and 175B are part of a single heat-sensitive structure. Selected areas of the heat-sensitive portions 174A and 174B may be individually heated to their glass transition temperatures or higher. In the illustrated embodiment, capsules 175A and 175B are substantially hemispherical. However, there is nothing preventing the use of other shapes. In the illustrated embodiment, each of capsules 175A and 175B has the same size. Therefore, each capsule 175A and 175B may contain / transport the same volume of optical fluid 190. In other embodiments, capsules 175A and / or 175B may have different sizes. It is still desirable that the volume of optical fluid contained / transported in each capsule 175A and 175B is known and corresponds to a known change in base power. For example, each capsule 175A and 175B may correspond to a change in base power of 0.25 diopters within a desired error. In some cases, this corresponds to a volume of 0.2 mm³ in each capsule 175A and 175B. However, other volumes and other changes in base power may also be used. For example, one capsule 175A may correspond to a change of 0.25 diopters, and another capsule 175A may correspond to a change of 0.5 diopters. In some embodiments, a power change of 4 diopters (e.g., ±2 diopters) may be provided.

[0033] Each of the capsules 175A and 175B changes shape in response to reaching its glass transition temperature. After cooling, this new shape stabilizes. Below the glass transition temperature, the shape remains substantially constant, either as a capsule or a flat surface. The glass transition temperature of the heat-sensitive portions 174A and 174B is preferably significantly higher than the normal temperature of the eye and low enough that the heat-sensitive portions 174A and 174B do not cause damage to the eye even when they reach their glass transition temperature. In some embodiments, the local heating of the capsules 175A and 175B is small enough that even if portions 174A and 174B reach a temperature well above the normal temperature of the eye, it does not negatively affect the eye. The capsules 175A and 175B may be formed from the aforementioned SMP and may have the aforementioned glass transition temperature.

[0034] As can be seen from Figure 2A, the orientations of capsules 175A and 175B with respect to storage sections 172A and 172B are different. In particular, each capsule 175A moves a substantially hemispherical volume of optical fluid 190 from storage section 172A. Each capsule 175B contains a substantially hemispherical volume of optical fluid 190 within storage section 172B. As a result, the base power of the lens 150 may be increased or decreased by different amounts depending on whether capsule 175A or capsule 175B is heated to or above its glass transition temperature, and the number of capsules 175A or 175B that are heated in this way.

[0035] The operation of lens 150 will be explained with reference to Figures 2A to 2D. In the following explanation, it will be assumed that lens 150 first has the configuration shown in Figure 2A. If the base power of lens 150 is too high, it is desirable that lens 150 refract light more. This may be achieved by reducing the curvature of the flexible film 164. Depending on their orientation relative to the storage section 172A, a change in the shape of capsule 175A / thermal section 174A may be utilized. More specifically, heat is applied to one or more capsules 175A, for example, through a laser. The temperature of capsule 175A is raised above its glass transition temperature. As a result, capsule 175A changes shape.

[0036] Figure 2B shows an exemplary embodiment of the lens 150 after sufficient heat has been applied to the capsule 175A closest to the microfluidic path 180 to raise its temperature to or above the glass transition temperature. The lens 150 may then be cooled to ambient temperature. The capsule 175A closest to the chamber 166' is flattened. This capsule has changed from a first shape (hemispherical) to a second shape (substantially flat). This shape change is stable after cooling. As a result, the storage section 172A' has increased in volume by approximately the volume of capsule 175A. The storage section 172B remains unchanged. As a result, the optical fluid 190 flows from the chamber 166' through the microfluidic path 180 to the storage section 172A'. The pressure exerted by the optical fluid 190 on the flexible film 164' decreases. The flexible film 164' becomes flattened, and the volume of the chamber 166' decreases accordingly. Therefore, the optical power of the lens body 160 decreases. As a result, the base power of lens 150 is reduced non-invasively.

[0037] In contrast, suppose we want to increase the optical base power of lens 150 from the situation shown in Figure 2A. To do this, it is desirable to increase the curvature of the flexible film 164. When one or more capsules 175B are heated to or above their glass transition temperature, the capsules 175B become flattened. Suppose heat is applied to one capsule 175B, for example, via a laser. The temperature of this capsule 175B is raised above its glass transition temperature. As a result, the capsule 175B changes shape.

[0038] Figure 2C shows an exemplary embodiment of the lens 150 after sufficient heat has been applied to the capsule 175B' closest to the microfluidic path 180 to raise the temperature of capsule 175B' to or above its glass transition temperature. The lens 150 may then be cooled to ambient temperature. In the heat-sensitive portion 174B' of the storage module 170, the capsule closest to the chamber 166'' is flattened. This capsule changes from hemispherical to substantially flat. As a result, the storage section 172B' has decreased in volume by approximately the volume of capsule 175B. The storage section 172A remains unchanged. As a result, the optical fluid 190 flows from the storage section 172B' through the microfluidic path 180 to the chamber 166''. The pressure exerted by the optical fluid 190 on the flexible film 164'' increases. The volume of the chamber 166'' increases, and the curvature of the flexible film 164'' increases accordingly. The change in the volume of chamber 166'' can be equal to the volume of capsule 175B, but this is not necessary. Therefore, the optical power of lens 110 increases. As a result, the base power of lens 150 is increased non-invasively.

[0039] It may be decided that it is desirable to further increase the power of lens 150. In such a case, more capsules 175B may be heat-treated. This situation is shown in Figure 2D. As can be seen from the heat-sensitive portion 174B'', the other capsules 175B have been heat-treated and are therefore flat. The volume of the storage portion 172B'' is further reduced. The optical fluid 190 flows from the storage portion 172B'' into the chamber 166''. Due to the increased pressure of the optical fluid in the chamber 164'', the flexible film 164'' deforms further, and the volume of the chamber 166'' increases. As a result, the optical power of lens 150 is further increased. Note that the optical power of lens 150 may be reduced again by heat-treating one or more capsules 175A.

[0040] The characteristics of lens 150 may be adjusted non-invasively. More specifically, the base power of lens 150 may be increased and / or decreased non-invasively. Therefore, the same advantages as those discussed for lens 110 may be obtained.

[0041] Figures 3A–3B show various illustrations of other exemplary embodiments of the heat-adjustable ophthalmic lens 200. For simplicity, the ophthalmic lens 200 will hereafter be referred to as lens 200. Figures 3A–3B show side and perspective views of parts of lens 200. For clarity, Figures 3A–3B are not to exact scale. Lens 200 may also be part of an IOL, such as IOL 100, which includes haptics (not shown in Figures 3A–3B) in addition to the lens. For simplicity, the optical axis is not shown.

[0042] The lens 200 comprises a lens body 210, a storage module 220, a microfluidic pathway 230, and an optical fluid (not specifically shown in Figures 3A-3B). The lens body 210, storage module 220, microfluidic pathway 230, and optical fluid are similar to the lens body 120 / 160, storage module 130 / 170, microfluidic pathway 180, and optical fluid 140 / 190, respectively. Therefore, the lens body 210, base 212, flexible membrane 214, and chamber 216 are similar to the lens body 120 / 160, base 122 / 162, flexible membrane 124 / 164, and chamber 126 / 166, respectively. Similarly, the storage module 220, storage section 222, and heat-sensitive section 224 are similar to the storage modules 130 / 170, storage sections 132A / 132B / 172A / 172B, and heat-sensitive sections 134A / 134B / 174A / 174B, respectively. The structure, function, and materials of these components may be the same as those described above. Although not shown, the front and / or rear surfaces may have other features, including but not limited to diffraction gratings. Although shown as separate components, the storage module 210 and the lens body 220 may be integrated with each other as a single part.

[0043] In the illustrated embodiment, the storage section 222 has a wall containing individually formed capsules. Each capsule has a heat-sensitive portion 224 that forms the wall of the capsule. Therefore, the heat-sensitive portion 224 and the capsule 224 are effectively synonymous with the lens 200. The capsule 224 may be SMP. In the illustrated embodiment, each capsule 224 is individual. Each capsule 224 is shown to have the same volume and orientation. In other embodiments, one or more capsules 224 may have different volumes and / or different orientations. For example, eight of the 16 capsules 224 shown may have orientations opposite to those shown. Therefore, the capsules 224 may have orientations similar to the heat-sensitive portions 174A and 174B shown in Figure 2A. Therefore, both an increase and decrease in the base power of the lens 200 may be provided.

[0044] Lens 200 functions similarly to lenses 110 and 150. Therefore, lens 200 may share the advantages of lenses 110 and / or 150. In particular, the base power of lens 200 may be non-invasively tailored to the patient. This may be achieved by heat-treating one or more capsules 224, for example, via a laser. As a result, the base power of lens 200 may be adjusted relatively quickly and easily throughout the lifespan of lens 200.

[0045] Figure 4 shows a cross-sectional perspective view of another exemplary embodiment of the heat-adjustable ophthalmic lens 200'. For brevity, the ophthalmic lens 200' will hereafter be referred to as lens 200'. For clarity, Figure 4 is not to exact scale. Lens 200' may also be part of an IOL, such as IOL 100, which includes haptics (not shown in Figure 4) in addition to the lens. For brevity, the optical axis is not shown.

[0046] Lens 200' comprises a lens body 210', a storage module 220', and an optical fluid (not specifically shown in Figure 4). The lens body 210', storage module 220', microfluidic pathway 230', and optical fluid are similar to those of lens bodies 120 / 160 / 210, storage modules 130 / 170 / 220, microfluidic pathways 180 / 230, and optical fluid 140 / 190, respectively. Therefore, the lens body 210', base 212', flexible membrane 214', and chamber 216' are similar to those of lens bodies 120 / 160 / 210, bases 122 / 162 / 212, flexible membranes 124 / 164 / 214, and chambers 126 / 166 / 216, respectively. Similarly, the storage module 220', storage section 222', and heat-sensitive section 224' are the same as the storage modules 130 / 170 / 220, storage sections 132A / 132B / 172A / 172B / 222, and heat-sensitive sections 134A / 134B / 174A / 174B / 220, respectively. The structure, function, and materials of these components may be the same as those described above. Although not shown, the front and / or rear surfaces may have other features, including but not limited to diffraction gratings. Although shown as separate components, the storage module 210' and the lens body 220' may be integrated with each other as a single part.

[0047] In the illustrated embodiment, the storage section 222' has a wall containing individually formed spherical capsules. Therefore, the capsules for the lens 200' are spherical, not hemispherical. Each capsule has a heat-sensitive portion 224' that forms the wall of the capsule. Therefore, the heat-sensitive portion 224' and the spherical capsule 224' are effectively synonymous with the lens 200. The spherical capsules 224' may be SMP. In the illustrated embodiment, each spherical capsule 224' is individual. Each capsule 224' is shown to have the same volume. In other embodiments, one or more capsules 224' may have different volumes. In the illustrated embodiment, the upper and lower hemispherical heat-sensitive portions 224' of the spherical capsule may be heat-treated individually.

[0048] Lens 200' functions similarly to lenses 110, 150, and 200. Therefore, lens 200' may share the advantages of lenses 110, 150, and / or 200. In particular, the base power of lens 200' may be non-invasively tailored to the patient. This may be achieved by heat-treating one or more of the capsules 224', for example, via a laser. As a result, the base power of lens 200' may be adjusted relatively quickly and easily throughout the lifespan of lens 200'.

[0049] Figure 5 is a flowchart illustrating one exemplary embodiment of Method 300 for providing an ophthalmic lens. For brevity, some steps may be omitted, inserted in between, and / or combined. Method 300 is also described in terms of an ophthalmic instrument 100 and an ophthalmic lens 110. However, Method 300 may be used with one or more ophthalmic lenses 110, 150, 200, 200' and / or similar ophthalmic instruments.

[0050] In step 302, the lens body 120 is provided. Step 302 includes providing a base 122, a flexible film 124, and a cavity 126. Some or all of the microfluidic pathways, such as the microfluidic pathways 180 or 230, may be provided in forming the lens body 120. Step 302 may also include forming and / or connecting the base 122 and the flexible film 124 such that the space of the chamber 126 is between them. Step 302 may also include forming a diffraction grating on the flexible film 124 and / or the base 122, if such a grating is to be formed thereon.

[0051] In step 304, the storage module 130 is provided. Step 304 may include providing heat-sensitive portions 134A and 134 at the boundary of the storage sections 132A / 132B. For example, a desired SMP having a suitable shape, size, glass transition temperature, and laser light absorption is provided. Step 304 may also include forming some or all of the microfluidic pathways.

[0052] If not yet completed in steps 302 and 304, the microfluidic pathway 180 or 230 is provided in step 306. Step 306 may simply involve providing an opening or passage between the chamber 126 and the storage section 132A / 132B. Alternatively, a more complex pathway may be formed.

[0053] In step 308, the optical fluid 140 is supplied to the lens 110. Step 308 may include filling the lens 110 with the desired optical fluid 140 and sealing the lens 110. Therefore, the optical fluid 140 may flow between the chamber 126 and the storage section 132A / 132B. Haptics 102 and 104 may optionally be supplied in step 310.

[0054] Using method 300, IOL 100 and ophthalmic lenses 110, 150, 200, and / or 200' may be provided. Thus, one or more advantages of lenses 110, 150, 200, and / or 200' may be obtained.

[0055] Figure 6 is a flowchart illustrating one exemplary embodiment of Method 350 for treating a patient's ophthalmic condition and adjusting a lens. For brevity, some steps may be omitted, inserted in between, and / or combined. Method 350 is also described in terms of using ophthalmic instruments 100 and ophthalmic lenses 110. However, Method 350 may be used with ophthalmic lenses 150, 200, and / or 200'.

[0056] In step 352, a thermally adjustable IOL 100 is selected for implantation in the patient's eye. The IOL 100 includes a lens body 120, a storage module 130, a chamber 126, and a connection between the storage section 132A / 132B and the optical fluid 140. Part of the selection process may include identifying the correction required for the patient's visual acuity and selecting an IOL 100 with appropriate power.

[0057] In step 354, the IOL 100 is implanted in the patient's eye. Step 354 may include replacing the patient's own lens with the IOL 100, or supplementing the patient's lens with the IOL 100.

[0058] Step 150 determines whether the implanted IOL 100 has the correct base power. Step 150 may include remeasuring the patient's visual acuity. This step may be performed immediately after implantation or some time later, because the IOL 100 may be adjusted throughout its lifespan in some embodiments. If the base power is appropriate, the method is completed.

[0059] However, if the base power is not appropriate, the base power of the IOL 100 may be non-invasively adjusted in step 358. If it is desired that an increase or decrease in base power be compensated for, a lens similar to lens 150 may be selected in step 352. Step 358 may include positioning the heat-sensitive portion 134A and / or 134B to heat desired areas. The laser may then be aimed at the desired portion of the heat-sensitive portion 134A and / or 134B and emitted until the glass transition temperature is reached or exceeded. In some embodiments, a low duty cycle may be used for the laser to reduce heating of the eye. Step 358 may be performed during a single outpatient visit. In addition, steps 356 and 358 may be repeated multiple times until the desired power of lens 110 is reached. Furthermore, steps 356 and 358 may be repeated at various times throughout the life of lens 110.

[0060] Using Method 350, physicians may be able to use heat to more quickly and easily adjust the base power of IOL 100. This may be achieved without requiring additional glasses for the patient or locking the change within IOL 100. As a result, the burden on both physician and patient may be reduced. Method 350 may also be safer for the patient, as it may be performed non-invasively. As a result, the advantages of thermally adjustable IOL 100 and lenses 110, 150, 200, and / or 200' may be achieved.

[0061] Methods and systems for providing thermally adjustable IOLs have been described. These methods and systems are illustrated by exemplary embodiments as shown in the figures, and those skilled in the art will readily recognize that modifications to these embodiments are possible, and any modifications will fall within the spirit and scope of these methods and systems. Accordingly, those skilled in the art may make numerous improvements without departing from the spirit and scope of the accompanying claims. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0062] 102 Haptics 106 Optical axis 110 Ophthalmic Lenses 120 Lens Body 122 base 124 Flexible part 126 Chamber 130 Storage Modules 132A Storage Section 132B Storage section 134A Thermal part 134B Thermal part 140 Optical fluid

Claims

1. In ophthalmic lenses, A lens body having a chamber inside, wherein at least a portion of the lens body is flexible; A first storage unit in fluid communication with the chamber of the lens body, the first storage unit includes a plurality of first heat-sensitive structures that change shape in response to receiving light energy from the laser; A second storage unit in fluid communication with the chamber of the lens body, the second storage unit includes a plurality of second heat-sensitive structures that change shape in response to receiving the light energy from the laser; The optical fluid contained in the chamber, the first storage section, and the second storage section, An ophthalmic lens containing, At least one of the plurality of first heat-sensitive structures is configured to absorb the light energy and change shape, thereby driving the optical fluid from the first storage unit to the chamber. At least one of the plurality of second heat-sensitive structures is configured to absorb the light energy and change shape, thereby driving the optical fluid from the second storage unit to the chamber. The shape change of one of the first heat-sensitive structures is configured to drive a first volume of the optical fluid from the first storage unit to the chamber, and the shape change of one of the second heat-sensitive structures is configured to drive a second volume of the optical fluid from the second storage unit to the chamber, wherein the first volume is different from the second volume. Ophthalmic lenses.

2. The ophthalmic lens according to claim 1, wherein the lens body has a refractive index, the optical fluid has an optical fluid refractive index, and the refractive index of the lens body matches the refractive index of the optical fluid within 0.

1.

3. The ophthalmic lens according to claim 1, further comprising a fluid path connecting the chamber and the first storage section.

4. The ophthalmic lens according to claim 1, further comprising a fluid path connecting the chamber and the second storage section.

5. The ophthalmic lens according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the first heat-sensitive structures has a shape different from at least one of the second heat-sensitive structures.

6. The ophthalmic lens according to claim 1, wherein the portion of the flexible lens body is a flexible film.

7. The ophthalmic lens according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the first heat-sensitive structure and the second heat-sensitive structure is configured to change shape in response to reaching a temperature of at least 45 degrees Celsius.

8. The ophthalmic lens according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the first and second heat-sensitive structures includes an additive that absorbs light energy within a selected wavelength range.

9. The ophthalmic lens according to claim 1, wherein the base power of the ophthalmic lens is changed by driving the optical fluid from the first storage unit to the chamber.

10. The ophthalmic lens according to claim 1, wherein the base power of the ophthalmic lens is changed by driving the optical fluid from the second storage unit to the chamber.

11. In ophthalmic lenses, A lens body having a chamber inside, wherein at least a portion of the lens body is flexible; A first storage unit in fluid communication with the chamber of the lens body, the first storage unit includes a plurality of first heat-sensitive structures that change shape in response to receiving light energy from the laser; A second storage unit in fluid communication with the chamber of the lens body, the second storage unit includes a plurality of second heat-sensitive structures that change shape in response to receiving the light energy from the laser; The optical fluid contained in the chamber, the first storage section, and the second storage section, An ophthalmic lens containing, At least one of the plurality of first heat-sensitive structures is configured to absorb the light energy and change shape, thereby driving the optical fluid from the first storage unit to the chamber. At least one of the plurality of second heat-sensitive structures is configured to absorb the light energy and change shape, thereby driving the optical fluid from the chamber to the second storage section. The shape change of one of the first heat-sensitive structures is configured to drive a first volume of the optical fluid from the first storage unit to the chamber, and the shape change of one of the second heat-sensitive structures is configured to drive a second volume of the optical fluid from the second storage unit to the chamber, wherein the first volume is different from the second volume. Ophthalmic lenses.

12. The ophthalmic lens according to claim 11, wherein the lens body has a lens body refractive index, the optical fluid has an optical fluid refractive index, and the lens body refractive index matches the optical fluid refractive index by 0.1 or less.

13. The ophthalmic lens according to claim 11, further comprising a fluid path connecting the chamber and the first storage section.

14. The ophthalmic lens according to claim 11, further comprising a fluid path connecting the chamber and the second storage section.

15. The ophthalmic lens according to claim 11, wherein at least one of the first heat-sensitive structures has a shape different from at least one of the second heat-sensitive structures.

16. The ophthalmic lens according to claim 11, wherein the portion of the flexible lens body is a flexible film.

17. The ophthalmic lens according to claim 11, wherein at least one of the first heat-sensitive structure and the second heat-sensitive structure is configured to change shape in response to reaching a temperature of at least 45 degrees Celsius.

18. The ophthalmic lens according to claim 11, wherein at least one of the first and second heat-sensitive structures includes an additive that absorbs light energy within a selected wavelength range.

19. The ophthalmic lens according to claim 11, wherein the base power of the ophthalmic lens is changed by driving the optical fluid from the first storage unit to the chamber.

20. The ophthalmic lens according to claim 11, wherein the base power of the ophthalmic lens is changed by driving the optical fluid from the chamber to the second storage section.

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