Evaluation method and evaluation apparatus

Abstract

To enable quantitative evaluation of chalk marks.SOLUTION: An evaluation method disclosed herein is for evaluating scratches on a surface of an evaluation target base material. The evaluation method comprises acquiring an image of the surface of the evaluation target base material, extracting a first range with scratches and a second range without scratches from the image, computing a difference between a luminance value of the first range and a luminance value of the second range, and obtaining an evaluation result based on the difference.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 5

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to an evaluation method and an evaluation apparatus for evaluating the surface of a substrate.

Background Art

[0002] For the evaluation of compositions and the like, the surface of a substrate may be evaluated. For example, as a method for evaluating the surface of a substrate, the substrate may be damaged by a friction tester, and the substrate may be evaluated based on the damage generated on the surface of the substrate (see, for example, Patent Document 1 or 2).

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0003]

Patent Document 1

Patent Document 2

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0004] In the evaluation method as described above, the evaluation is performed visually, and the surface of the substrate cannot be quantitatively evaluated.

[0005] Therefore, an object of the present disclosure is to provide a method and an apparatus capable of quantitatively evaluating the surface of a substrate.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0006] The evaluation method of the present disclosure is an evaluation method for evaluating the damage on the surface of a substrate as an evaluation object, acquiring an image of the surface of the substrate as the evaluation object, extracting, from the image, a first range with damage and a second range without damage, respectively, calculating the difference between the luminance value of the first range and the luminance value of the second range, and obtaining an evaluation result based on the difference. Evaluation method.

[0007] The evaluation method may involve, before acquiring the image, using a friction tester to scratch the surface of the substrate being evaluated by moving the terminals of the friction tester back and forth on the surface of the substrate.

[0008] In the evaluation method described above, the base material may be a textile.

[0009] In the evaluation method described above, the scratch may be a chalk mark on the textile.

[0010] In the evaluation method described above, the image may be an image captured by an imaging device in which the optical axis of the light emitted from the light source irradiating the substrate is set to be coaxial with the camera's shooting axis.

[0011] In the evaluation method described above, the friction testing machine may be used to scratch the object to be evaluated in a straight line with a width of 10 mm or less.

[0012] The evaluation method described above may involve 10 or fewer round trips of the terminal.

[0013] The evaluation method may involve using the friction testing machine to create scratches on the surface of the substrate being evaluated by reciprocating a terminal at a predetermined position with a predetermined load.

[0014] In the evaluation method described above, the predetermined load may be in the range of 100g to 4000g.

[0015] In the evaluation method described above, the predetermined load may be in the range of 1500g to 4000g.

[0016] The evaluation apparatus disclosed herein is an evaluation apparatus having a calculation circuit for evaluating surface defects of a substrate to be evaluated, An image of the surface of the substrate is obtained, The calculation circuit extracts a first area with damage and a second area without damage from the image, Calculate the difference between the luminance value of the first range and the luminance value of the second range, Output an evaluation result based on the difference, Evaluation device.

[0017] These general and specific aspects may be realized by a system, a method, a computer program, and combinations thereof.

Effect of the Invention

[0018] According to the evaluation method and evaluation device of the present disclosure, the surface of the base material can be quantitatively evaluated.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0019] [Figure 1] It is a block diagram showing the configuration of the evaluation device. [Figure 2A] It is a conceptual diagram showing the evaluation object. [Figure 2B] It is a conceptual diagram showing an example of the evaluation object area extracted from the evaluation object. [Figure 2C] It is a conceptual diagram showing another example of the evaluation object area extracted from the evaluation object. [Figure 3] It is a conceptual diagram explaining coaxial illumination, showing the coaxial illumination device and the imaging device together. [Figure 4] It is a data configuration diagram explaining the evaluation data. [Figure 5] It is a flowchart explaining the processing of the evaluation method.

Embodiments for Carrying Out the Invention

[0020] Hereinafter, an evaluation method and an evaluation device according to an embodiment will be described with reference to the drawings. Hereinafter, the evaluation method and the evaluation device will be described by taking an example of evaluating the chalk marks of a textile. In the following description, the same components are denoted by the same reference numerals and the description thereof is omitted.

[0021] In this disclosure, "substrate" may be textile, leather, packaging paper, nonwoven fabric, etc. Typically, the substrate is textile. The substrate under evaluation is treated with a repellent.

[0022] A "water-repellent agent" refers to a material applied to a substrate, typically the surface of a substrate, for purposes such as water repellency or oil repellency.

[0023] "Chalk marks" refer to streaks on the surface of a substrate caused by friction with other objects. Chalk marks are used to evaluate the quality of substrates.

[0024] 《Evaluation Subjects and Friction Testing Machines》 As described above, this disclosure describes an example in which the substrate to be evaluated is a processed textile treated with a repellent. Furthermore, the evaluation apparatus 1, described later with reference to Figure 1, evaluates using chalk marks made on the textile. The chalk marks on the textile to be evaluated are made using a general friction tester, as described later.

[0025] Figure 2A shows an example where three chalk marks M are placed near the center of textile T. The spacing and position of the three chalk marks M are fixed. This makes it possible to accurately extract the first area A1 with chalk marks and the second area A2 without chalk marks, as shown in Figure 2B, and use them for evaluation.

[0026] Here, the first area A1 includes only the damaged area and does not include the undamaged area. In other words, the first area A1 includes only the chalk mark area. Note that in Figure 2B, for clarity, the first area A1 is enclosed by a dashed line even in the area without chalk marks. Also, the second area A2 includes only the undamaged area and does not include the damaged area. In other words, the second area A2 includes only the area without chalk marks.

[0027] As shown in Figure 2B, the shapes and sizes of the first range A1 and the second range may be different. Although not shown in the illustration, the shapes and sizes of the first range A1 and the second range may also be the same. Furthermore, for example, if multiple chalk marks are made, multiple first ranges A11 to A13 may be set, as shown in Figure 2C. Note that while Figures 2A and 2B show an example with three chalk marks, the number and method of making the chalk marks are not limited.

[0028] Because the positions and sizes of the first range A1 and the second range are predetermined, at each evaluation timing, the user can utilize the information of the first range A1 and the second range A2 without having to select a range from the image.

[0029] 《Friction Testing Machine》 In this disclosure, a friction tester can make chalk marks on a textile treated with a repellent by moving a terminal in a straight line across the textile. The friction tester makes chalk marks at predetermined locations on the target textile. In this case, the target textile may be of a predetermined size. Furthermore, the friction tester can make chalk marks at predetermined locations on a textile of a predetermined size.

[0030] The friction tester leaves chalk marks on the textile in a straight area, for example, with a width of 10 mm or less. More specifically, the friction tester leaves chalk marks on the textile in a straight area, with a width of 5 mm or less. If the width is wider, it will be significantly wider than the chalk marks that typically occur on textiles. Therefore, the friction tester leaves chalk marks of 10 mm or less, preferably 5 mm or less.

[0031] For example, when a friction tester moves a terminal on a textile, the terminal may be moved back and forth. In this case, it is preferable that the friction tester makes a chalk mark when the terminal moves back and forth 10 times or less. For example, the number of times the terminal moves back and forth in the friction tester may be 3 or more but less than 5 times. Alternatively, the number of times the terminal moves back and forth in the friction tester may be 2 or more but less than 3 times. Furthermore, the number of times the terminal moves back and forth in the friction tester may be less than 2 times. Or, the number of times the terminal moves back and forth in the friction tester may be less than 1 time. More preferably, the friction tester makes a chalk mark with one one-way movement of the terminal. Moving the terminal multiple times on the textile may cause the chalk mark to become thicker. Also, moving the terminal multiple times on the textile may result in multiple chalk marks being processed.

[0032] For example, a friction testing machine applies a predetermined load to a terminal and moves the terminal in a straight line across the textile. This helps prevent variability when evaluating multiple objects.

[0033] Specifically, the specified load may be in the range of 100 to 4000g. More specifically, the specified load may be in the range of 1500 to 4000g. This is because if the load is too large, the chalk marks may become wider than those that occur on typical textiles. Conversely, if the load is too small, the chalk marks may be thinner than those that occur on typical textiles, making quantitative evaluation impossible.

[0034] The friction testing machine marks the designated location on the textile with a terminal using chalk marks. For example, the friction testing machine is 100 mm ×100 mm A 30mm long chalk mark is made on the center line of the textile. The friction tester then makes chalk marks parallel to the first chalk mark, 10mm away from each of the first marks.

[0035] In this way, by using a friction tester to apply chalk marks to the textile being evaluated under predetermined conditions, the variability of the chalk marks applied to the textile can be reduced. Consequently, the variability of the evaluation results can also be reduced.

[0036] Friction testing machines are also called wear testing machines or friction-wear testing machines.

[0037] 《Coaxial lighting》 Next, the lighting used when acquiring image data for the evaluation device will be described. The evaluation device 1 shown in Figure 1 (described later) uses image data of the surface of the substrate captured by the imaging device 2. Here, the imaging device 2 preferably uses coaxial lighting to capture the surface of the substrate. Coaxial lighting is lighting that irradiates light coaxially with the imaging axis (camera axis) of the imaging device, and as shown in Figure 3 as an example, it may be lighting in which the light emitted from the light source 31 is incorporated into the optical path of the lens 21 of the imaging device 2. Specifically, as shown in Figure 3, coaxial lighting is lighting that reflects the light from the light source 31 onto the evaluation target using a half mirror 32. In this disclosure, as described above, the evaluation target is a textile T processed with a repellent agent. Here, the configuration including the light source 31 used for this coaxial lighting and the half mirror 32 is referred to as the coaxial lighting device 3.

[0038] <Evaluation device> Next, with reference to Figure 1, an evaluation device 1 according to an embodiment will be described. The evaluation device 1 has a calculation circuit and is an evaluation device for evaluating scratches on the surface of a substrate to be evaluated, By acquiring an image of the substrate surface, The calculation circuit 11 extracts a first area A1 with damage and a second area A2 without damage from the image, The difference between the luminance value in the first range A1 and the luminance value in the second range A2 is calculated. Output evaluation results based on the difference.

[0039] The evaluation device 1 is an information processing device comprising an arithmetic circuit 11, a memory device 12, and a communication circuit 13. The arithmetic circuit 11 is a controller that oversees the control of the entire evaluation device 1. For example, the arithmetic circuit 11 realizes various evaluation-related processes by reading and executing the evaluation program P stored in the memory device 12. The arithmetic circuit 11 may be a device that realizes a predetermined function through the cooperation of hardware and software, or a hardware circuit specifically designed to realize a predetermined function. For example, the arithmetic circuit 11 can be realized by a CPU, MPU, GPU, FPGA, DSP, ASIC, etc.

[0040] The communication circuit 13 is an interface circuit (module) that enables data communication with external devices via the network 4. For example, the communication circuit 13 may perform data communication with the imaging device 2 that captures image data. The communication circuit 13 may also perform data communication with other external devices.

[0041] The evaluation device 1 may include an input device 14 and an output device 15. The input device 14 may be an operation button, mouse, keyboard, etc., used for inputting operation signals and data. The output device 15 may be a display, etc., used for outputting processing results and data.

[0042] The storage device 12 is a recording medium that stores various types of information. The storage device 12 can be implemented as, for example, RAM, ROM, flash memory, SSD (Solid State Drive), hard disk, other storage devices, or a combination thereof as appropriate. The storage device 12 stores various data, including the evaluation program P executed by the arithmetic circuit 11. For example, the storage device 12 stores evaluation data 121, image data 122, result data 123, and the evaluation program P.

[0043] The evaluation data 121 is data used for evaluating textiles. For example, as shown in Figure 4, the evaluation data 121 associates multiple evaluation levels with the range of brightness corresponding to each evaluation level. Here, since the evaluation data 121 differs depending on the conditions of the substrate, it is preferable to generate it for each condition of the substrate, etc.

[0044] Image data 122 is image data of the textile being evaluated. The image data may be a monochrome image (8-bit grayscale image). Using a monochrome image makes it easier to compare the brightness values ​​of the first range A1 and the second range A2, which will be described later.

[0045] Result data 123 is data showing the textile evaluation results obtained from image data 122.

[0046] The calculation circuit 11 acquires image data 122 from the imaging device 2. Image data 122 is an image of the surface of the textile to be evaluated. Chalk marks are made on the surface of the textile.

[0047] The calculation circuit 11 extracts a first range A1 with chalk marks and a second range A2 without chalk marks from the image data 122. As described above using Figure 2B, the size of the textile T to be evaluated is fixed. The position of the chalk marks M on the surface of the textile T is also fixed. Therefore, the positions of the first range A1 and the second range A2 can be determined based on the size and position.

[0048] The arithmetic circuit 11 calculates the brightness of the first range A1 as the first brightness value. The arithmetic circuit 11 also calculates the brightness of the second range A2 as the second brightness value. Specifically, the arithmetic circuit 11 determines the average value of the brightness values ​​of each pixel in the first range A1 as the first brightness value. The arithmetic circuit 11 also determines the average value of the brightness values ​​of each pixel in the second range A2 as the second brightness value.

[0049] The calculation circuit 11 calculates the difference between the first brightness value and the second brightness value.

[0050] As shown in Figure 2C, when multiple first ranges A11 to A13 are set, for example, the calculation circuit 11 first calculates the difference between each first range A11 to A13 and the second range A2. Then, the calculation circuit 11 can use the average of the multiple differences A11 to A13 obtained as the difference between the first luminance value and the second luminance value.

[0051] The calculation circuit 11 determines the evaluation result by determining the range containing the calculated difference in the evaluation data 121 and the corresponding evaluation level. The calculation circuit 11 also outputs the determined evaluation result to the output device 15.

[0052] Here, the evaluation device 1 may be implemented by a single computer, or by a combination of multiple computers connected via a network. Although not shown in the figures, for example, all or part of the data stored in the storage device 12 may be stored on an external recording medium connected via a network, and the evaluation device 1 may be configured to use the data stored on the external recording medium.

[0053] <Evaluation Method> The evaluation method according to this embodiment is an evaluation method for evaluating scratches on the surface of a substrate to be evaluated, An image of the surface of the substrate to be evaluated is obtained, From the aforementioned image, extract the first area with damage and the second area without damage, The difference between the luminance value in the first range and the luminance value in the second range is calculated, The evaluation results are obtained based on the aforementioned difference. Evaluation method.

[0054] The evaluation method using the evaluation device 1 will be explained below with reference to the flowchart shown in Figure 5. Note that the flowchart in Figure 5 includes the steps of making chalk marks on the textile using a friction tester and photographing the textile, before the series of evaluation steps performed by the evaluation device 1.

[0055] First, before evaluation, chalk marks are made on the textile to be evaluated using a friction testing machine (S01). The chalk marks are made under specified conditions.

[0056] Next, the textile marked with chalk in step S01 is photographed by the camera 2 (S02).

[0057] Once a chalk mark is made in step S01 and an image is taken in step S02, a series of processes related to the evaluation are performed using the evaluation device 1.

[0058] The arithmetic circuit 11 acquires the image data 122 captured by the imaging device 2 in step S02 (S03). The arithmetic circuit 11 stores the image data 122 in the memory device 12.

[0059] The calculation circuit 11 extracts a first area A1 with chalk marks and a second area without chalk marks from the image data 122 acquired in step S03 (S04). Because the positions and sizes of the first area A1 and the second area in the textile are predetermined, the calculation circuit 11 can utilize the information of the first area A1 and the second area A2 without requiring the user to manipulate the image.

[0060] The arithmetic circuit 11 calculates a first luminance value and a second luminance value from the first range A1 and the second range A2 extracted in step S04 (S05). Specifically, the arithmetic circuit 11 calculates the average of the luminance values ​​of each pixel in the first range A1 as the first luminance value. The arithmetic circuit 11 also calculates the average of the luminance values ​​of each pixel in the second range A2 as the second luminance value.

[0061] The calculation circuit 11 calculates the difference between the first luminance value and the second luminance value obtained in step S05 (S06). For example, in the case of light-colored fabric, conventional evaluation using color changes is difficult to understand in color images. In contrast, by using evaluation based on luminance values, evaluation can be performed without being affected by color. Therefore, by using a monochrome image for image data 122, the difference between the first luminance value and the second luminance value becomes easier to understand.

[0062] The arithmetic circuit 11 refers to the evaluation data 121 stored in the memory device 12 and determines the evaluation result according to the difference obtained in step S06 (S07).

[0063] The arithmetic circuit 11 outputs the evaluation result determined in step S07 (S08). For example, the arithmetic circuit 11 may output the evaluation result to the output device 15. Alternatively, the arithmetic circuit 11 may output the evaluation result to an external device connected via the communication circuit 13.

[0064] Thus, the evaluation method and evaluation apparatus relating to this disclosure evaluate the target using the luminance of the chalk mark. This makes it possible to quantitatively evaluate the chalk mark by utilizing the correspondence between predetermined luminance and evaluation levels.

[0065] <Example of experiment> For example, the fabric used for evaluation was a fabric treated with a repellent agent. The treated fabric was made of nylon, polyester, or spandex (spandex was used as needed). The size of the treated fabric was 100 mm x 100 mm. The experimental conditions and results are shown in Tables 2.1 to 5.

[0066] Experimental examples 1-13 show cases where chalk marks were made using a friction testing machine. Table 2-1 shows the experimental results for repellent A. Table 2-2 shows the experimental results for repellent B and repellent C. Table 2-3 shows the experimental results for repellent D and repellent E.

[0067] A commonly used friction tester (product name: Friction Player FPR2200, manufactured by Resca Co., Ltd.) was used for the friction testing. In the friction tester, a cylindrical measuring probe (5 mm in diameter) was pressed against the surface of the processed cloth and the surface was rubbed once. The friction load was 3000 g. The movement speed of the measuring probe was 30 mm / s, and the movement distance was 30 mm. In the friction tester, friction was performed at three points on one piece of processed cloth at 10 mm intervals under the same conditions. In the table below, the first chalk mark is referred to as n1, the second chalk mark as n2, and the third chalk mark as n3.

[0068] The evaluation level, which is the result of the experimental example, is determined using the brightness of each chalk mark. Specifically, the evaluation level is determined using the evaluation data 121 described above, as shown in Figure 4. The evaluation data 121 used for the evaluation level of the experimental results is shown in Table 1. [Table 1]

[0069] Furthermore, the visual evaluation of chalk marks is indicated by the following values ​​from 1 to 5. In some cases, intermediate values ​​(e.g., 2-3, 3-4, 4-5, etc.) were used depending on the condition. 5: No trace is visible 4: The trail is barely visible. 3: The trail is faintly visible. 2: You can see the trajectory. 1: The trajectory appears slightly darker.

[0070] [Table 2-1]

[0071] [Table 2-2]

[0072] [Table 2-3]

[0073] Reference example Examples 1-4 show chalk marks made with human fingernails. Table 3 shows: Reference example The results of experiments 1-4 are shown below. Reference example Examples 1 and 2 are examples of processing the same repellent A used in experimental examples 1-5. Reference example Examples 3 and 4 use the same repellent B as in experimental examples 6 and 7. When making chalk marks with a human fingernail, the test cloth was placed on a flat surface and the surface of the test cloth was lightly scratched with a fingernail.

[0074] [Table 3]

[0075] Reference example Case 5 shows the result of 100 friction cycles on the surface using the friction testing machine used in Experimental Example 1. Other conditions are the same as in Experimental Example 1. See Table 4. Reference example The experimental results for case 5 are shown below.

[0076] [Table 4]

[0077] Reference example Examples 6-7 show the same friction testing machine used in Experimental Example 1, but with varying loads. Table 5 shows: Reference example The results of experiments 6-7 are shown below. Reference example The load on object 6 is 50g. Reference example The load on object 7 is 6000g. Other conditions are the same as in Experimental Example 1.

[0078] [Table 5]

[0079] <Effects and supplementary information> As described above, the above embodiments have been explained as examples of the technology disclosed in this application. However, the technology in this disclosure is not limited thereto and can be applied to embodiments that are modified, replaced, added, or omitted as appropriate.

[0080] The evaluation methods and evaluation apparatus described in all claims of this disclosure are implemented by hardware resources, such as a processor, memory, and cooperation with computer programs. [Industrial applicability]

[0081] The evaluation method and evaluation apparatus disclosed herein are useful for quantitative evaluation of the surface of a substrate.

[0082] This application claims priority under Japanese Patent Application No. 2023-187049, filed in Japan on 31 October 2023, the entirety of which is incorporated herein by reference. [Explanation of symbols]

[0083] 1. Evaluation device 11 Arithmetic circuit 12 Storage device 13 Communication Circuits 14 Input devices 15 Output device 121 Evaluation data 122 Image Data 123 Result Data 2. Imaging device 3 Coaxial lighting device

Claims

1. An evaluation method for evaluating chalk marks on the surface of a substrate to be evaluated, wherein the substrate is a textile treated with a repellent agent. An image of the surface of the substrate to be evaluated is obtained, From the aforementioned image, extract the first area with chalk marks and the second area without chalk marks, The difference between the luminance value in the first range and the luminance value in the second range is calculated, Based on the aforementioned difference, the evaluation result is obtained. Evaluation method.

2. Before acquiring the aforementioned image, a friction tester is used to make chalk marks on the surface of the substrate to be evaluated by moving the terminals of the friction tester back and forth. The evaluation method according to claim 1.

3. The aforementioned image is an image captured by a camera device in which the optical axis of the light emitted from the light source irradiating the substrate is set to be coaxial with the camera's shooting axis. The evaluation method according to claim 1.

4. The friction testing machine is used to make chalk marks on the object to be evaluated in a straight line with a width of 10 mm or less. The evaluation method according to claim 2.

5. The number of times the terminal moves back and forth is 10 or less. The evaluation method according to claim 2.

6. The friction testing machine is used to make chalk marks on the surface of the substrate to be evaluated by moving the terminal back and forth with a predetermined load at a predetermined position. The evaluation method according to claim 2.

7. The aforementioned predetermined load is in the range of 100g to 4000g. The evaluation method according to claim 6.

8. The aforementioned predetermined load is in the range of 1500g to 4000g. The evaluation method according to claim 6.

9. An evaluation device having a calculation circuit for evaluating chalk marks on the surface of a substrate to be evaluated, wherein the substrate is a textile treated with a repellent agent. An image of the surface of the substrate is obtained, The aforementioned calculation circuit extracts a first range with chalk marks and a second range without chalk marks from the image, The difference between the luminance value in the first range and the luminance value in the second range is calculated, Output the evaluation result based on the aforementioned difference. Evaluation device.

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