Battery management device and method

Abstract

The present invention provides a battery management technology that can efficiently diagnose a battery and thereby improve the performance and safety of the battery. A battery management device according to one aspect of the present invention includes a measurement module that measures state information of the battery, and a control module configured to compare the state information measured by the measurement module with a diagnostic criterion in a multi-level form and determine a diagnostic stage of the battery, and perform a processing operation corresponding to the determined diagnostic stage.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application claims priority based on Korean Patent Application No. 10-2022-0114042 filed on September 8, 2022, and Korean Patent Application No. 10-2023-0117881 filed on September 5, 2023, and all the contents disclosed in the specifications and drawings of the said applications are incorporated into this application.

[0002] The present invention relates to battery management technology, and more particularly, to a technology capable of efficiently diagnosing a battery and improving the performance or protection effect of the battery through the diagnosis.

Background Art

[0003] Currently, commercially available secondary batteries include nickel-cadmium batteries, nickel-metal hydride batteries, nickel-zinc batteries, lithium secondary batteries, etc. Among them, lithium secondary batteries have attracted attention due to advantages such as almost no memory effect, free charge and discharge, very low self-discharge rate, and high energy density compared to nickel-based secondary batteries.

[0004] In recent years, batteries (secondary batteries) are widely used for driving or energy storage in medium and large-sized devices such as automobiles like electric two-wheelers and electric vehicles, or energy storage systems (ESS: Energy Storage System). Therefore, the interest in batteries has further increased, and related research and development are being carried out more actively. Furthermore, in electric two-wheelers and electric vehicles, commercialization or research on replaceable shared battery packs is also being actively carried out.

[0005] Lithium secondary batteries mainly use lithium-based oxides and carbon materials as the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode active material, respectively. And a lithium secondary battery includes an electrode assembly in which a positive electrode plate coated with such a positive electrode active material and a negative electrode plate coated with a negative electrode active material are arranged with a separator interposed therebetween, and an exterior material, for example, a battery case, for hermetically storing the electrode assembly together with an electrolytic solution.

[0006] Generally, lithium-ion batteries are classified into two types based on the shape of their casing: can-type batteries, in which the electrode assembly is housed in a metal can, and pouch-type batteries, in which the electrode assembly is housed in a pouch made of aluminum laminate sheet. Can-type batteries are further classified into prismatic batteries and cylindrical batteries based on their shape.

[0007] A battery module or battery pack is constructed by housing multiple rechargeable batteries together inside a module case (module housing) or pack case (pack housing) while electrically connected to each other. In this case, each rechargeable battery contained within the battery module or battery pack may be referred to as a battery cell.

[0008] To ensure stable performance for batteries in the form of battery cells, battery modules, and battery packs, and to protect devices equipped with such batteries and users who utilize them, it is crucial to diagnose the battery's condition and take appropriate measures. Therefore, a typical technology involves incorporating a control device such as a Battery Management System (BMS) into battery packs and ESSs (Energy Storage Systems) to diagnose the battery and implement related measures.

[0009] However, conventionally, a single criterion is set for the measured values ​​of diagnostic items, and the diagnostic results are judged in a dichotomous manner, such as normal state or fault state, and a response routine is defined based on that judgment. In this case, there is a disadvantage in that it is difficult to grasp in advance the risks to each part of the battery before the diagnostic measured values ​​reach the criterion for a fault state. Consequently, it is not possible to prevent or prepare in advance for the battery to reach a state where it becomes unusable or irreparable, such as a failure. [Overview of the project] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]

[0010] The present invention was devised to solve the above-mentioned problems, and aims to provide a battery management device and method that can efficiently diagnose a battery and thereby improve the performance and safety of the battery, as well as an application device such as a battery pack that includes the same.

[0011] Other objects and advantages of the present invention can be understood from the following description and will be more clearly shown by the embodiments of the present invention. Furthermore, the objects and advantages of the present invention can be realized by the means and combinations thereof set forth in the claims. [Means for solving the problem]

[0012] To achieve the above objective, a battery management device according to one aspect of the present invention includes a measurement module for measuring battery status information, and a control module configured to compare the status information measured by the measurement module with a multi-stage diagnostic criterion to determine the diagnostic stage of the battery, and to perform processing operations corresponding to the determined diagnostic stage.

[0013] Here, the battery management device may further include a memory for storing the multi-stage configuration of diagnostic criteria.

[0014] Furthermore, the control module may be configured to divide the abnormal state of the battery into multiple diagnostic stages.

[0015] Furthermore, the control module may be configured to determine the diagnostic stage for multiple diagnostic items.

[0016] Furthermore, the battery may be configured as a battery pack including a plurality of battery cells, and the control module may be configured to perform overvoltage and undervoltage diagnostics for at least some of the plurality of battery cells or the entire battery pack as diagnostic items.

[0017] Furthermore, the control module may be configured to perform diagnostics on at least one of the battery's current and temperature, including diagnostics during charging and during discharging, as part of the multiple diagnostic items.

[0018] Furthermore, the control module may be configured to include, as part of the plurality of diagnostic items, the diagnosis of inter-cell voltage imbalance during charging and the diagnosis of inter-cell voltage imbalance during idle.

[0019] Furthermore, the control module may be configured to change the diagnostic criteria for at least some of the multiple diagnostic items in accordance with the diagnostic results of the other diagnostic items.

[0020] Furthermore, the measurement module may be configured to change the timing of measurement of the battery status information for at least some of the multiple diagnostic items, in accordance with the diagnostic results of the other diagnostic items.

[0021] Furthermore, the control module may be configured to differentiate the processing operations based on whether or not automatic release is possible for different diagnostic stages.

[0022] Furthermore, the control module may be configured to differentiate the processing operation into limiting the battery output and shutting off the battery output for different diagnostic stages.

[0023] Furthermore, the control module may be configured to divide the processing operation into providing a warning signal and adjusting the output for different diagnostic stages.

[0024] Furthermore, a battery pack according to another aspect of the present invention includes a battery management device according to one aspect of the present invention.

[0025] Furthermore, an automobile according to yet another aspect of the present invention includes a battery management device according to one aspect of the present invention.

[0026] Furthermore, a battery supply system according to yet another aspect of the present invention includes a battery management device according to one aspect of the present invention.

[0027] Moreover, a battery management method according to yet another aspect of the present invention includes a step of measuring state information of a battery, a step of determining a diagnosis stage of the battery by comparing the measured state information with a diagnosis criterion in a multi-stage form, and a step of performing a processing operation corresponding to the diagnosis stage determined in the determining step.

Advantages of the Invention

[0028] According to one aspect of the present invention, more accurate diagnosis of a battery can be achieved through subdivision of the diagnosis criterion, and the monitoring function can be enhanced.

[0029] Also, according to one aspect of the present invention, the performance, safety, protection effect, etc. of the battery can be further improved through processing for each stage.

[0030] Also, according to one embodiment of the present invention, prior to the battery reaching a unusable or irreparable state such as fail, diagnosis such as a warning stage or a fault stage can be performed to take proactive measures. Therefore, it is possible to suppress or delay the progression of risk factors such as defects or failures to the battery itself or a vehicle equipped with such a battery or the spread or expansion to such a state.

[0031] In addition, various other additional effects can be achieved by many embodiments of the present invention. Such various effects of the present invention will be described in detail in each embodiment, but descriptions of effects that are easily understood by those skilled in the art will be omitted.

[0032] The following drawings accompanying this specification illustrate preferred embodiments of the invention and, together with the detailed description of the invention, serve to further illustrate the technical idea of ​​the invention; therefore, the invention should not be construed as being limited solely to what is shown in the drawings. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0033] [Figure 1] This is a block diagram schematically showing the functional configuration of a battery management device according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 2] This diagram schematically shows a multi-stage diagnostic configuration of a control module according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 3] This figure schematically shows a multi-stage diagnostic configuration of a control module according to another embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 4] This table shows examples of diagnostic items performed by a battery management device according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 5] This is a comparative graph showing the voltage measurement results obtained through diagnosis and control. [Figure 6] This is a graph of an embodiment of the present invention showing the voltage measurement results obtained through diagnosis and control. [Figure 7] This diagram schematically illustrates the configuration of changes in diagnostic criteria according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 8] This figure schematically illustrates the configuration of changes in diagnostic criteria according to other embodiments of the present invention. [Figure 9] This is a flowchart illustrating a battery management method according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0034] Preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the attached drawings. Prior to this, terms and words used herein and in the claims shall not be interpreted in their usual and dictionary sense, but rather in a sense and concept that corresponds to the technical idea of ​​the present invention, in accordance with the principle that the inventor himself may appropriately define the concept of terms in order to best describe the invention.

[0035] Therefore, the embodiments and configurations shown in the drawings described herein represent only one of the most preferred embodiments of the present invention and do not represent the entire technical concept of the invention. It should be understood that there are various equivalents and modifications that can be substituted for these at the time of filing this application.

[0036] This specification includes a variety of embodiments, but detailed descriptions of other embodiments will be omitted if the descriptions apply identically or similarly, and the differences between each embodiment will be described primarily.

[0037] Furthermore, while terms such as "module" are used in this specification, they represent logical structural units and not components that are physically separable or should be physically separable.

[0038] Figure 1 is a schematic block diagram showing the functional configuration of a battery management device according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0039] Referring to Figure 1, the battery management device according to the present invention includes a measurement module 100 and a control module 200.

[0040] The measurement module 100 may be configured to measure battery status information. Here, the battery may be a battery cell representing a single secondary battery, or a concept that includes a cell group containing multiple such battery cells, a battery module, a battery pack, or a battery rack.

[0041] Battery status information may include the internal and / or external state of the battery. For example, the measurement module 100 may measure information such as the battery's voltage, current, temperature, SOC (State of Charge), internal resistance, SOH (State of Health), charge / discharge state, idle state, overvoltage or overcurrent state, and balancing state as the internal state of the battery. Therefore, the measurement module 100 may be equipped with various sensors such as voltage sensors and current sensors. As another example, the measurement module 100 may measure information such as the temperature, humidity, and smoke around the battery as the external state of the battery. Therefore, the measurement module 100 may be equipped with sensors such as temperature sensors, humidity sensors, and smoke sensors. In this respect, the measurement module 100 may also be referred to as a sensor.

[0042] The measurement module 100 can measure voltage, current, temperature, etc., through sensors to first measure the state information of the battery. Furthermore, the measurement module 100 can perform secondary processing, such as calculations, on the information thus first acquired. For example, the measurement module 100 can calculate or estimate the state of the battery, such as its state of charge (SOC), internal resistance, state of health (SOH), and imbalance, based on state information such as voltage, current, and temperature, and measure the state information of the battery.

[0043] The measurement module 100 can transmit the battery status information measured in this manner to the control module 200.

[0044] The control module 200 can receive measured state information from the measurement module 100. The control module 200 can then use the received state information to perform battery diagnostics and / or control operations.

[0045] In particular, the control module 200 may be configured to compare the state information measured by the measurement module 100 with diagnostic criteria. The control module 200 can then determine the diagnostic stage of the battery based on the comparison result between the measurement information and the diagnostic criteria. Specifically, the control module 200 may determine the diagnostic stage of the battery as multiple diagnostic stages. That is, the control module 200 can diagnose the battery in multiple stages. This will be explained in more detail with further reference to Figure 2.

[0046] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram showing a multi-stage diagnostic configuration of a control module 200 according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0047] Referring to Figure 2, the diagnostic stages are divided into five levels. More specifically, there are five levels (Levels 1-5), and each level has a corresponding diagnostic stage, which is divided into Normal, Warning 1, Warning 2, Fault, and Fail. Here, Normal, Warning 1, Warning 2, Fault, and Fail are referred to or interpreted as normal, warning, danger, defect, and malfunction, respectively, but of course, such names and meanings can be modified into a variety of other forms.

[0048] The control module 200 can determine which of several diagnostic stages the battery to be diagnosed (target battery or diagnostic battery) belongs to. For example, in the embodiment shown in Figure 2, the control module 200 may determine that the battery to be diagnosed is in the Level 2 Warning 1 stage. Alternatively, in the embodiment shown in Figure 2, the control module 200 may determine that the battery to be diagnosed is in the Level 3 Warning 2 stage.

[0049] For multi-stage battery diagnosis, the diagnostic criteria can be structured in a multi-stage manner. And through such a multi-stage diagnostic criteria, multi-stage battery diagnosis can be performed.

[0050] In particular, diagnostic criteria may have multiple reference values. For example, the diagnostic criteria may have two or more reference values. Furthermore, the diagnostic criteria may have four or more reference values.

[0051] As a more specific example, if the battery is diagnosed in five stages, as in the embodiment shown in Figure 2, there may be four diagnostic criteria, R1 to R4. Here, R1, R2, R3, and R4 can be criteria for distinguishing between the normal stage and warning stage 1, between warning stage 1 and warning stage 2, between warning stage 2 and fault stage, and between fault stage and fail stage, respectively. In this case, each criterion value (R1, R2, R3, and R4) may be a value that represents a specific numerical value or a value that represents a specific range.

[0052] When diagnostic criteria are structured in a multi-stage manner and have multiple reference values, the diagnostic stages can be divided into three or more levels. In other words, the number of diagnostic stages can be one more than the number of reference values. For example, in the embodiment shown in Figure 2, since there are four reference values, the diagnostic stages can be divided into five levels.

[0053] On the other hand, while the embodiment in Figure 2 shows each diagnostic criterion separating two adjacent diagnostic stages, this is merely one example, and diagnostic criteria can be established in a variety of other forms. For example, diagnostic criteria can be expressed as a range for each diagnostic stage. As a more specific example, for a particular state of information, diagnostic criteria may be set such that values ​​from 0 to 1 are level 1 (normal), values ​​from 1 to 2 are level 2 (warning 1), values ​​from 2 to 3 are level 3 (warning 2), values ​​from 3 to 4 are level 4 (fault), and values ​​of 4 or higher are level 5 (fail).

[0054] In the embodiment shown in Figure 2, four diagnostic criteria and five diagnostic stages are indicated, but such a number of diagnostic criteria or diagnostic stages can be implemented in various other forms. For example, the control module 200 may perform multi-stage diagnosis with three diagnostic criteria and four diagnostic stages.

[0055] Once the diagnostic stage of the target battery is determined in this manner, the control module 200 may be configured to perform a processing operation corresponding to the determined diagnostic stage. Here, the corresponding processing operation can be implemented in a variety of forms or methods.

[0056] For example, the control module 200 may, as a processing operation for the diagnostic stage of the target battery, transmit or store information regarding the diagnostic stage of the target battery to other components. For instance, if the target battery is diagnosed as being in Warning 1, the control module 200 may transmit information that the target battery has been diagnosed as being in Warning 1 to other components.

[0057] Here, the other components may be components included inside the battery management device according to the present invention, or components included in other devices located outside the battery management device. In particular, when the target battery is mounted on a vehicle such as a motorcycle, the battery management device can transmit the determined diagnostic stage for the target battery to a higher-level control system on the vehicle side, such as a vehicle control unit (VCU) or an energy control unit (ECU).

[0058] The control module 200 can transmit diagnostic signals for the target battery using a variety of wired and wireless communication configurations or methods. For example, the control module 200 can use CAN (Controller Area Network) communication to transmit information about the determined diagnostic stage of the target battery to the vehicle's control system. The control module 200 can define and transmit such diagnostic signals using 4-bit signals. However, such diagnostic signals can be defined or transmitted using a variety of other methods.

[0059] As another example, the control module 200 may be configured to control the charging and discharging operations of the target battery as a processing operation for the diagnostic phase of the target battery. In this case, the charge and discharge control of the target battery can be performed directly by the control module 200. Alternatively, the control module 200 can indirectly instruct or control other components located inside or outside the battery management device to perform charge and discharge control. In this case, as in the embodiment described above, the control module 200 can transmit information about the diagnostic phase to other components and control those components to perform charge and discharge control, etc.

[0060] The control module 200 can perform processing operations for each of the multiple diagnostic stages. In this case, the control module 200 may be configured to perform different processing operations for each diagnostic stage. Furthermore, the control module 200 may perform at least partially the same processing operations for different diagnostic stages. Moreover, the processing operations performed by the control module 200 do not necessarily include only active operations, but may also include passive operations. In particular, the processing operations performed by the control module 200 may include operations that do not involve any control or communication.

[0061] Furthermore, if the control module 200 directly performs processing operations on the target battery, it can transmit the results of the processing to other components.

[0062] This embodiment enables more accurate diagnosis of the battery. Therefore, based on such diagnosis, the battery's performance can be made more effective, and / or prompt action can be taken before serious situations such as battery damage or unusable progress. Furthermore, while concern for battery safety has been increasing in recent years, this invention can contribute to improving battery safety.

[0063] Furthermore, in the case of the present invention, diagnosis and management are possible not only for a single battery cell, but also for units containing multiple battery cells, such as cell assemblies, battery modules, battery packs, battery racks, and energy storage systems.

[0064] In the battery management device according to the present invention, the control module 200 can perform related operations or functions by selectively including, at least in part, an industry-known processor, controller, ASIC (Application-Specific Integrated Circuit), other chipset, logic circuit, register, communication modem, data processing device, etc. Furthermore, these operations can be embodied as software, in which case the program can be stored in internal or external memory. In this respect, the control module 200 can be replaced by terms such as processor, controller, and chipset. Also, at least some of the functions of the measurement module 100 can be embodied by such known components.

[0065] The control module 200 does not necessarily have to be physically integrated or located in the same place. For example, some functions of the control module 200 may be performed on the battery pack side, while other functions of the control module 200 may be performed on the vehicle side.

[0066] More specifically, at least a portion of the control module 200 may be embodied by a BMS typically included in a battery pack or ESS. In this case, at least a portion of the control module 200 may be embodied in a form included in the battery (battery pack). Alternatively, at least a portion of the control module 200 may be located outside the battery. For example, at least some functions of the control module 200 may be embodied by a control device mounted in the vehicle, such as a VCU or ECU. The measurement module 100 may also be embodied as an integrated or separate component or component.

[0067] The battery diagnostic device according to the present invention may further include a memory 300.

[0068] In particular, the memory 300 can pre-store diagnostic criteria in a multi-stage configuration. The control module 200 can then access this memory 300 and read the stored diagnostic criteria. The memory 300 can also store various data and programs necessary for each component of the battery management device according to the present invention, such as the measurement module 100 and / or the control module 200, to perform their functions.

[0069] The memory 300 may be implemented in a form integrated into other components included in the battery management device, such as a component functioning as a control module 200. For example, the memory 300 may be implemented as an internal memory provided to a processor functioning as a control module 200.

[0070] The memory 300 is not limited in type, as long as it is a storage medium capable of recording and erasing information. For example, the memory 300 can be implemented as RAM (Random Access Memory), ROM (Read Only Memory), registers, hard disks, optical recording media, or magnetic recording media.

[0071] On the other hand, diagnostic criteria may be provided from components located outside the battery management device. For example, diagnostic criteria may be provided to the control module 200 from a higher-level system of the battery management device, such as the vehicle. As another example, diagnostic criteria may be provided to the control module 200 from a battery supply system that is communicatively connected to the battery management device, such as a battery charging system or a battery replacement system. In this case, when diagnostic criteria are provided from outside the battery management device, the memory 300 may temporarily store the provided diagnostic criteria. In this case, volatile memory such as RAM may be used as the memory 300.

[0072] In particular, the control module 200 may be configured to divide the abnormal state of the battery into multiple diagnostic stages. That is, the control module 200 diagnoses the battery into a normal state and an abnormal state, but the abnormal state may be configured to be further subdivided into two or more stages for diagnosis.

[0073] For example, referring to the embodiment in Figure 2, the control module 200 may be configured to diagnose the battery as an abnormal state that is not in a normal state, by dividing it into at least two stages from Warning 1, Warning 2, Fault, and Fail. In a more specific embodiment, the control module 200 may diagnose the battery's abnormal state by dividing it into four stages (Warning 1 / Warning 2 / Fault / Fail). As another example, the control module 200 may be configured to diagnose the battery's abnormal state by integrating Warning 1 and Warning 2 in the embodiment of Figure 2 into a single Warning stage, resulting in a total of three stages (Warning / Fault / Fail).

[0074] Furthermore, the multiple abnormal stages diagnose and categorized by the control module 200 can be further categorized by the degree of abnormality. Therefore, the multi-stage diagnostic criteria can be arranged in order from a normal state to an increasingly severe abnormal situation.

[0075] For example, in the embodiment shown in Figure 2, Warning Stage 1, Warning Stage 2, Fault Stage, and Fail Stage can all be diagnostic stages indicating an abnormal battery condition. In this case, Warning Stage 1 may be located after the Normal Stage. Then, Warning Stage 2, Fault Stage, and Fail Stage may be located sequentially after Warning Stage 1. That is, the order arranged sequentially in the direction away from the normal state is Warning Stage 1, Warning Stage 2, Fault Stage, and Fail Stage. In this case, Warning Stage 1 can be said to be the state in which the battery abnormality is weakest, and Fail Stage can be said to be the state in which the battery abnormality is most serious.

[0076] In this embodiment, warning stages 1 and 2 may be given when the battery is operating beyond its normal range, but the situation is not serious. Furthermore, warning stage 1 indicates a relatively lower degree of abnormality than warning stage 2. In other words, warning stage 1 can be said to represent the earliest stage of abnormality among multiple abnormal stages.

[0077] Warning Stage 2 indicates a more severe abnormality than Warning Stage 1, but it is not serious enough to warrant drastic measures such as power cut-off. For example, Warning Stage 1 may be a diagnostic stage determined when there is a possibility of a defect occurring if the battery or related components continue to maintain the condition. On the other hand, Warning Stage 2 may be a diagnostic stage determined when there is a high probability of a defect occurring if the battery or related components continue to maintain the condition. In this respect, Warning Stage 1 can also be called a warning stage, and Warning Stage 2 can be called a danger stage.

[0078] Next, the fault and fail stages represent more severe abnormalities than the warning 1 and warning 2 stages. Here, the fault stage may be a diagnostic stage determined when a defect has already occurred in the battery or related components and the condition persists, or when there is a very high probability that the battery or related devices or components will fail.

[0079] In particular, the fail stage may be the diagnostic stage determined in the most serious situations, such as when a failure has already occurred in the battery or related components, when the battery or related components can no longer be used, when normal recovery is impossible, when the use of the battery or related components needs to be immediately discontinued, or when inspection at a service center is required. From this perspective, the fault stage may also be called the defect stage, and the fail stage may also be called the failure stage.

[0080] As in the embodiment of FIG. 2, the diagnostic criteria may include a plurality of reference values, namely, a first reference value R1, a second reference value R2, a third reference value R3, and a fourth reference value R4. At this time, the first reference value R1, the second reference value R2, the third reference value R3, and the fourth reference value R4 may be reference values that respectively distinguish between the normal stage and the warning 1 stage, between the warning 1 stage and the warning 2 stage, between the warning 2 stage and the fault stage, and between the fault stage and the fail stage. And such first reference value R1, second reference value R2, third reference value R3, and fourth reference value R4 may be configured in a form in which the numerical values gradually increase or decrease. For example, the numerical values for each reference value may be configured as R1 < R2 < R3 < R4, or may be configured as R1 > R2 > R3 > R4.

[0081] FIG. 3 is a diagram schematically showing a multi-stage diagnostic configuration of the control module 200 according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0082] Referring to FIG. 3, the abnormal state of the battery can be located in both directions with respect to the normal state. For example, in FIG. 3, a plurality of multi-stage diagnostic stages are arranged vertically. At this time, in the vertical direction, each diagnostic stage may be arranged according to the high or low numerical value. That is, it may mean that a specific numerical value is higher as going upward, and a specific numerical value is lower as going downward.

[0083] In this case, the warning 1 stage, the warning 2 stage, the fault stage, and the fail stage may be sequentially arranged on both sides of the normal (normal) stage. That is, the warning 1 stage, the warning 2 stage, the fault stage, and the fail stage may be arranged two by two around the normal stage.

[0084] On the other hand, specific numerical ranges may be set as diagnostic criteria for normal and abnormal states. For example, referring to the embodiment in Figure 2, the diagnostic criteria may be set in a form that indicates a specific range, such as RN, R1', R1'', R2', R2'', R3', R3'', R4', R4''. In this case, R1', R2', R3', and R4' may be ranges with numerical values ​​lower than RN, and R1'', R2'', R3'', and R4'' may be ranges with numerical values ​​higher than RN.

[0085] In this embodiment, if the numerical value of a specific diagnostic item falls outside the range indicated by RN, the control module 200 may diagnose the battery in question as being in an abnormal state. The control module 200 may then classify and diagnose which stage the abnormal state of the battery falls into.

[0086] For example, if the value of a specific diagnostic item is determined to fall within the range indicated by R1' or R1'', the control module 200 may diagnose that the battery is in Warning Stage 1. As another example, if the value of a specific diagnostic item is determined to fall within the range indicated by R3' or R3'', the control module 200 may diagnose that the battery is in Fault Stage.

[0087] According to this embodiment of the present invention, diagnosis is performed in multiple stages according to the degree of battery abnormality, enabling more accurate and detailed diagnosis of the battery's abnormal state, thereby allowing for more effective countermeasures to be taken. In particular, with this embodiment, battery abnormality diagnosis is performed in stages before reaching a serious failure state, such as the fail stage, and preventive measures can be taken through such diagnosis. Furthermore, in this case, the battery's abnormal state can be continuously monitored, and appropriate corresponding measures can be taken to prevent, suppress, or delay the battery reaching a serious situation such as the fault or fail stage.

[0088] The control module 200 can be configured to determine the diagnostic stage for multiple diagnostic items. This will be explained in more detail with reference to Figure 4.

[0089] Figure 4 is a table showing examples of diagnostic items by a battery management device according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0090] Referring to Figure 4, the control module 200 can perform battery diagnostics for a wide variety of diagnostic items. For example, Figure 4 includes 14 diagnostic items, and the control module 200 can be configured to perform battery diagnostics for all or some of these items. In particular, several diagnostic items may include diagnostics related to battery voltage, current, temperature, balancing, etc.

[0091] The control module 200 can perform multi-stage diagnostics for each of the multiple diagnostic items. For example, for each of the battery voltage, current, and temperature, it can determine the abnormal situation in multiple stages, such as warning stage 1, warning stage 2, fault stage, and fail stage.

[0092] Alternatively, the control module 200 may diagnose some of the multiple diagnostic items using a different number of stages than the other diagnostic items. For example, it may determine the abnormal state stage in four stages for diagnostic items related to battery voltage and current, and in three stages for diagnostic items related to battery temperature.

[0093] According to this embodiment, by diagnosing multiple abnormal conditions for each of the many diagnostic items used to determine the battery's state, more accurate and effective diagnosis and response become possible. Furthermore, in this case, battery abnormality diagnosis and response can be performed more quickly and efficiently.

[0094] More specifically, as shown in Figure 4, diagnostic items may include cell overvoltage diagnosis. Cell overvoltage diagnosis can be performed by diagnosing whether the voltage of one or more battery cells is higher than the steady state. In particular, when multiple battery cells are included in a battery module, battery pack, or battery rack, the voltage of each of the multiple battery cells can be measured, and the highest voltage among them can be selected as the maximum voltage. Then, cell overvoltage diagnosis can be performed by diagnosing whether the selected maximum voltage is in an overvoltage state that is higher than the normal voltage state (diagnostic criterion).

[0095] Furthermore, diagnostic items may include cell low voltage diagnosis. Cell low voltage diagnosis can be performed by diagnosing whether the voltage of one or more battery cells is lower than the steady state. In particular, if there are multiple battery cells, the voltage of each of the battery cells may be measured, and the lowest voltage among them may be selected as the minimum voltage. Then, cell low voltage diagnosis can be performed by diagnosing whether the selected minimum voltage is lower than the normal voltage state (diagnostic criterion).

[0096] Furthermore, diagnostic items may include a battery pack overvoltage diagnosis. A battery pack overvoltage diagnosis may involve diagnosing whether the voltage of a battery pack containing multiple battery cells is higher than the steady state. Here, the battery pack voltage may refer to the voltage at the battery pack terminals, or it may refer to the average voltage of the multiple battery cells contained in the battery pack. For example, a battery pack overvoltage diagnosis can be performed by calculating the average cell voltage for multiple battery cells and diagnosing whether the calculated average cell voltage is higher than the normal voltage state (diagnostic criterion). Such a battery pack overvoltage diagnosis may also be called a cell average overvoltage diagnosis when the overvoltage is diagnosed relative to the average voltage of the entire battery cell.

[0097] On the other hand, in this specification, the term "battery pack" conceptually includes not only a battery pack in the narrow sense in which multiple battery cells are housed in a pack housing, but also, in a broader sense, battery modules housed inside a battery pack, and battery racks that house multiple battery modules or battery packs. Unless otherwise specified, "battery pack" in this specification may be interpreted in the broad sense described above.

[0098] Furthermore, the diagnostic items may include a battery pack low voltage diagnosis. A battery pack low voltage diagnosis may determine whether the voltage of a battery pack containing multiple battery cells is lower than the steady state. As mentioned above, the battery pack voltage may refer to the voltage at the pack terminals or the cell average voltage. Moreover, if the diagnosis is whether the cell average voltage is lower than the normal voltage range (diagnostic criteria), the battery pack low voltage diagnosis may also be called a cell average low voltage diagnosis.

[0099] In this embodiment, if overvoltage or undervoltage is diagnosed based on voltage, the measurement module 100 may include a voltage sensor. The voltage information measured by the voltage sensor can be transmitted to the control module 200 as battery status information. The control module 200 can then diagnose an overvoltage or undervoltage condition for the battery cell or battery pack based on the voltage information transmitted from the voltage sensor.

[0100] Furthermore, diagnostic items may include overcurrent charging diagnosis. Overcurrent charging diagnosis may involve diagnosing whether the charging current is higher than the steady state when charging is performed on a battery cell or battery pack. In this case, the charging current for which overcurrent is diagnosed may be the current flowing through one or more battery cells, or it may be the current flowing through the entire battery pack. For example, when charging a battery pack containing multiple battery cells, the maximum current among the currents of each battery cell may be selected as the maximum charging current, and it may be diagnosed whether the maximum charging current is higher than the normal current range (diagnostic criteria).

[0101] Furthermore, the diagnostic items may include discharge overcurrent diagnosis. Discharge overcurrent diagnosis may involve diagnosing whether the discharge current is higher than the steady state when discharging is performed on a battery cell or battery pack. In this case, the discharge current for which overcurrent is diagnosed may be the current flowing through one or more battery cells, or it may be the current flowing through the entire battery pack. For example, when discharging a battery pack containing multiple battery cells, the maximum current among the currents of each battery cell may be selected as the maximum discharge current, and it may be diagnosed whether the maximum discharge current is higher than the normal current range (diagnostic criteria).

[0102] In this embodiment, when overcurrent is diagnosed based on current, the measurement module 100 may include a current sensor. The current information measured by the current sensor can be transmitted to the control module 200 as battery status information. The control module 200 can then diagnose an overcurrent condition for the battery cell or battery pack based on the current information of the cell or pack transmitted from the current sensor.

[0103] Furthermore, the diagnostic items may include a high-temperature charging diagnosis. A high-temperature charging diagnosis may involve determining whether the temperature of the battery cell or battery pack is higher than the steady state during charging.

[0104] Furthermore, if a battery pack contains multiple battery cells, the temperatures of these cells can be measured during charging, and the highest of these measured temperatures can be selected as the maximum charging temperature. High charging temperature can then be diagnosed based on whether or not this maximum charging temperature is higher than the normal temperature range (diagnostic criterion).

[0105] Alternatively, the high-temperature charge diagnosis may be performed by measuring the temperature of multiple battery cells during charging and comparing the average value of the multiple temperature measurements to the normal temperature range. Alternatively, the high-temperature charge diagnosis may be performed by determining whether the highest temperature measurement among the temperature measurements taken at different points during charging is higher than the normal temperature range.

[0106] Furthermore, the diagnostic items may include discharge high temperature diagnosis. Discharge high temperature diagnosis may involve diagnosing whether the temperature of a battery cell or battery pack is higher than the steady state during discharge.

[0107] Furthermore, if a battery pack contains multiple battery cells, the temperatures of these cells can be measured during discharge, and the highest of these measured temperatures can be selected as the maximum discharge temperature. Discharge high temperature diagnosis can then be performed by determining whether or not this maximum discharge temperature is higher than the normal temperature range (diagnostic criterion).

[0108] Alternatively, high-temperature discharge diagnosis may be performed by measuring the temperature of multiple battery cells during discharge and comparing the average value of the multiple temperature measurements to the normal temperature range. Alternatively, high-temperature discharge diagnosis may be performed by determining whether the highest temperature measurement among the temperature measurements taken at different points in time during discharge is higher than the normal temperature range.

[0109] Furthermore, the diagnostic items may include low-temperature charging diagnostics. Low-temperature charging diagnostics may involve diagnosing whether the temperature of the battery cells or battery pack is lower than the steady state during charging.

[0110] Furthermore, if the temperatures of multiple battery cells are measured during charging, the lowest temperature among the measured temperatures can be selected as the minimum charging temperature. Low charging temperature diagnosis can then be performed by determining whether this minimum charging temperature is lower than the normal temperature range (diagnostic criterion).

[0111] Alternatively, the low-temperature charging diagnosis may be performed by measuring the temperature of multiple battery cells during charging and comparing the average value of the multiple temperature measurements to the normal temperature range. Alternatively, the low-temperature charging diagnosis may be performed by determining whether the lowest temperature measurement among the temperature measurements taken at different points during charging is below the normal temperature range.

[0112] Furthermore, the diagnostic items may include discharge low temperature diagnosis. Discharge low temperature diagnosis may involve diagnosing whether the temperature of a battery cell or battery pack is lower than the steady state during discharge.

[0113] Furthermore, if the temperature of multiple battery cells is measured during discharge, the lowest temperature among the measured temperatures can be selected as the minimum discharge temperature. Discharge low temperature diagnosis can then be performed by determining whether or not this minimum discharge temperature is below the normal temperature range (diagnostic criterion).

[0114] Alternatively, discharge low temperature diagnosis may be performed by measuring the temperature of multiple battery cells during discharge and comparing the average value of the multiple temperature measurements to the normal temperature range. Alternatively, discharge low temperature diagnosis may be performed by determining whether the lowest temperature measurement among the temperature measurements taken at different points in time during discharge is higher than the normal temperature range.

[0115] In this embodiment, when high or low temperature is diagnosed based on temperature, the measurement module 100 may include a temperature sensor such as a thermistor. In this case, the temperature sensor may be located on the outer or inner surface of a battery cell or battery pack, or in an external or internal space, and may measure the ambient temperature.

[0116] Temperature information measured by the temperature sensor can be transmitted to the control module 200 as battery status information. The control module 200 can then diagnose the high / low temperature state of the battery cell or battery pack based on the temperature information transmitted from the temperature sensor.

[0117] Furthermore, diagnostic items may include diagnosing inter-cell voltage imbalance during charging. Diagnosing inter-cell voltage imbalance during charging may involve determining whether or not an imbalance in voltage occurs between multiple battery cells when charging a battery pack containing multiple battery cells.

[0118] Furthermore, diagnostic items may include diagnosing inter-cell voltage imbalance during idle periods. Diagnosing inter-cell voltage imbalance during idle periods may involve determining whether an imbalance in voltage occurred between multiple battery cells in a battery pack containing multiple battery cells during idle periods when charging or discharging is not taking place.

[0119] Such diagnosis of inter-cell voltage imbalance during charging or standby can be performed by the control module 200 comparing the voltages of multiple battery cells based on voltage measurement information transmitted from a voltage sensor. For example, the control module 200 can calculate the voltage difference between multiple battery cells, determine whether the calculated voltage difference deviates from a reference voltage difference which is a diagnostic criterion, and to what extent, and diagnose an inter-cell voltage imbalance.

[0120] Furthermore, diagnostic items may include inter-cell temperature imbalance diagnosis. Inter-cell temperature imbalance diagnosis may involve diagnosing whether a temperature imbalance occurs between battery cells in a configuration containing multiple battery cells, such as a battery pack, during the operation of the battery pack.

[0121] In this embodiment, the measurement module 100 is equipped with a temperature sensor, and the temperatures of multiple battery cells can be measured. The temperature information of each cell measured can be transmitted to the control module 200 as battery state information. The control module 200 can then compare the temperatures of each transmitted cell to diagnose a temperature imbalance. For example, the control module 200 can calculate the temperature difference between multiple battery cells, determine whether the calculated temperature difference deviates from a reference temperature difference which is a diagnostic criterion, or to what extent it deviates, and diagnose a temperature imbalance between cells.

[0122] Furthermore, diagnostic items may include inter-cell SOC imbalance diagnosis. Inter-cell SOC imbalance diagnosis may involve diagnosing whether an SOC imbalance occurs between battery cells in a configuration containing multiple battery cells, such as a battery pack, during the operation of the battery pack.

[0123] In such an embodiment, the measurement module 100 is equipped with a voltage sensor and / or a current sensor, and the voltage or current to multiple battery cells can be measured and transmitted to the control module 200. The control module 200 can then calculate the State of Charge (SOC) of each cell based on the transmitted voltage or current information. The control module 200 can also compare the SOCs of each cell calculated in this way to diagnose an inter-cell SOC imbalance. For example, the control module 200 can calculate the SOC difference between multiple battery cells, determine whether the calculated SOC difference deviates from a reference SOC difference (which is a diagnostic criterion), and to what extent, and diagnose an inter-cell SOC imbalance.

[0124] The control module 200 can perform a diagnosis on all or at least one of the multiple diagnostic items shown in Figure 4.

[0125] In particular, when the battery is configured as a battery pack containing multiple battery cells, the control module 200 may be configured to perform overvoltage and undervoltage diagnostics for at least some of the battery cells among the multiple battery cells or for the entire battery pack as multiple diagnostic items. For example, the control module 200 may perform at least cell overvoltage diagnostics, cell undervoltage diagnostics, pack overvoltage diagnostics, and pack undervoltage diagnostics from among the multiple diagnostic items shown in Figure 4.

[0126] In this embodiment, the measurement module 100 is equipped with a voltage sensor to measure the voltage of the battery cells and battery pack and can transmit the measured voltage information to the control module 200. The control module 200 can then diagnose all overvoltage and undervoltage conditions for the battery cells and battery pack based on the voltage information transmitted from the measurement module 100.

[0127] Furthermore, the control module 200 can perform corresponding actions based on the results of such a diagnosis. For example, if an overvoltage or undervoltage to a battery cell or battery pack is diagnosed, the control module 200 can transmit a diagnostic signal containing the diagnostic information to a higher-level system on the vehicle side.

[0128] Furthermore, the control module 200 may be configured to perform diagnostics on at least one of the battery current and temperature, including diagnostics during charging and during discharging, as multiple diagnostic items.

[0129] For example, the control module 200 can perform at least charging overcurrent diagnosis and discharging overcurrent diagnosis from among the multiple diagnostic items shown in Figure 4. In addition, the control module 200 can perform charging high temperature diagnosis, discharging high temperature diagnosis, charging low temperature diagnosis and discharging low temperature diagnosis from among the multiple diagnostic items shown in Figure 4.

[0130] In this embodiment, the measurement module 100 is equipped with a current sensor and / or a temperature sensor and can transmit the measured current information or temperature information to the control module 200. The control module 200 can then diagnose overcurrent conditions, high temperature conditions, low temperature conditions, etc., for the battery cell or battery pack based on the current information or temperature information transmitted from the measurement module 100.

[0131] In particular, the control module 200 can perform both charging and discharging diagnoses when diagnosing overcurrent, high temperature, and low temperature conditions. In this embodiment, the control module 200 can perform a comprehensive condition diagnosis by considering all the diagnostic results from charging and discharging, thereby enabling more accurate and detailed battery diagnosis.

[0132] Furthermore, the control module 200 may be configured to perform multiple diagnostic items, including the diagnosis of inter-cell voltage imbalance during charging and the diagnosis of inter-cell voltage imbalance during idle. For example, the control module 200 may perform at least the diagnosis of inter-cell voltage imbalance during charging and the diagnosis of inter-cell voltage imbalance during idle from among the multiple diagnostic items shown in Figure 4.

[0133] In this embodiment, the measurement module 100 may be equipped with a voltage sensor or a current sensor to measure the voltage or current of multiple battery cells. In particular, such measurements may be taken in both the charging and idle states of the battery pack. The measurement information is then transmitted to the control module 200, which can diagnose the inter-cell voltage imbalance state during charging and idle, respectively. The control module 200 may also transmit a diagnostic signal containing such diagnostic information to a higher-level system such as a vehicle.

[0134] Furthermore, the diagnostic items may include additional or alternative items beyond the many items mentioned above, as shown in Figure 4.

[0135] The control module 200 can determine the diagnostic stage in multiple stages for at least one of the multiple diagnostic items. The control module 200 can then perform corresponding control operations according to the diagnostic results for the diagnostic items. This will be explained in more detail with further reference to Figures 5 and 6.

[0136] Figures 5 and 6 are graphs showing voltage measurement results during charging for the same type of battery under different diagnostic and control conditions. In particular, Figure 6 is data from an example where the battery management technology according to one embodiment of the present invention is applied, while Figure 5 is comparative example data where the battery management technology according to the present invention is not applied, for comparison with the example data. Furthermore, Figures 5 and 6 may also show the results of cell overvoltage diagnosis.

[0137] In the graphs in Figures 5 and 6, the vertical axis represents the voltage axis in mV units, and the horizontal axis represents the measurement number. The horizontal axis can also be replaced with time, SOC, charge capacity, etc.

[0138] First, looking at Figure 5, which shows a comparative example, only one reference value is set for the voltage measurement, as indicated by RA. This reference value is set to approximately 4250mV and may be used to distinguish between failure (malfunction) states.

[0139] In the configuration shown in Figure 5, only whether the battery is in a faulty state can be determined through a single reference value RA. Therefore, if the measured voltage of the battery exceeds 4250mV, the battery is diagnosed as being in a faulty state, and if the measured voltage of the battery does not exceed 4250mV, the battery is diagnosed as being in a normal state. In this configuration, no action is taken until the measured voltage reaches 4250mV, which is the faulty state. For example, if the measured voltage of the battery is 4230mV, the battery is diagnosed as being in a normal state, and no action is taken. Therefore, with this configuration, it is not possible to prevent or suppress battery failure in advance.

[0140] On the other hand, as shown in Figure 6 according to an embodiment of the present invention, multiple reference values ​​are set for diagnosing battery overvoltage. For example, four reference values ​​may be set, as shown in Figure 6 as RB1, RB2, RB3, and RB4. Here, the four reference values ​​may have different values ​​as diagnostic criteria for diagnosing abnormal battery conditions. In particular, the values ​​may gradually increase from RB1 to RB4. In this case, it can be said that the diagnostic level for abnormal battery conditions is composed of four stages.

[0141] In this embodiment, RB4 can be set to approximately 4250mV, similar to the reference value set in RA in Figure 5. That is, RB4 can be a diagnostic criterion for classifying the battery's fail state. RB3 has a lower value than RB4, for example, 4200mV, and can be a diagnostic criterion for classifying a fault state before battery failure. RB2 has a lower value than RB3 and can be a diagnostic criterion for classifying Warning 2 (danger) before battery defect. RB1 has a lower value than RB2 and can be a diagnostic criterion for classifying Warning 1 (warning) before battery danger.

[0142] As shown in Figure 6, multiple diagnostic criteria for multi-stage diagnosis can be reflected in the software of the control module 200 through modifications to the source code of the diagnostic portion. After the multi-stage diagnosis, the control module 200 can then perform processing routines for each stage.

[0143] For example, in the embodiment shown in Figure 6, if the voltage measurement reaches RB1 during battery charging, as indicated by P1, the control module 200 may transmit a warning signal to a higher-level system or notify the user as a corresponding processing operation. Subsequently, if battery charging continues and the measured voltage reaches RB2, as indicated by P2, the control module 200 may, as a corresponding processing operation, limit or reduce the charging current to the battery to suppress an increase in the battery voltage. Thus, the battery voltage is prevented from reaching not only the failure stage indicated by RB4, but also the defective stage indicated by RB3. In this case, it is possible to prevent or delay the deterioration of the battery condition to a stage close to failure.

[0144] Figure 6 shows an embodiment in which multi-stage (four-stage) diagnosis is performed for cell overvoltage, but such multi-stage diagnosis and processing operations at each stage can be performed for a variety of other diagnostic items as well. For example, the control module 200 can perform such multi-stage diagnosis and processing operations for all or at least two of the multiple diagnostic items shown in Figure 4.

[0145] Furthermore, the control module 200 may include a display unit or provide relevant data to an external display device in order to provide the user with the diagnostic results. For example, the control module 200 may transmit the diagnostic results to the vehicle's system, and the vehicle may provide these diagnostic results to the occupants through a vehicle monitor.

[0146] The control module 200 may be configured to change the diagnostic criteria provided for multi-stage diagnosis. In particular, when the control module 200 performs diagnosis and control using multiple diagnostic criteria, the range or numerical values ​​of all or part of the multiple diagnostic criteria may be changed. Such embodiments will be described in more detail with further reference to Figure 7 and the like.

[0147] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating the configuration of changes in diagnostic criteria according to one embodiment of the present invention. In Figure 7, the vertical axis represents temperature, and the horizontal axis may represent measurement number, time, etc., as in Figure 6.

[0148] Referring to Figure 7, four diagnostic criteria RC1, RC2, RC3, and RC4 may be provided for diagnosing battery temperature. For example, Figure 7 may show the diagnostic criteria related to high-temperature charging diagnosis among the diagnostic items in Figure 4. Here, RC4 may have the highest temperature value and RC1 may have the lowest temperature value. In this case, the control module 200 may change one or more of the four diagnostic criteria.

[0149] For example, the control module 200 can change three of the four diagnostic criteria, RC1, RC2, and RC3. More specifically, the control module 200 can change the first diagnostic criterion RC1, which distinguishes the Warning 1 stage, to a new diagnostic criterion RC1' by moving it downward as indicated by arrow a1. The control module 200 can also change the second diagnostic criterion RC2, which distinguishes the Warning 2 stage, to a new diagnostic criterion RC2' by moving it downward as indicated by arrow a2. And the control module 200 can change the third diagnostic criterion RC3, which distinguishes the Fault stage, to a new diagnostic criterion RC3' by moving it downward as indicated by arrow a3.

[0150] When the diagnostic criteria change in this way, the abnormality diagnosis result for temperature may also change. For example, in the embodiment shown in Figure 7, if the measured temperature of the battery corresponds to P3, before the diagnostic criteria were changed, it has a value smaller than the first diagnostic criterion RC1, so the control module 200 can determine that the high-temperature diagnosis result for the battery is normal. However, after the diagnostic criteria were changed, the first diagnostic criterion was changed to RC1', and the measured temperature P3 has a value higher than this. Therefore, the control module 200 can diagnose the high-temperature charge diagnosis result for the battery as Warning 1, which is one of the abnormal conditions.

[0151] In particular, when the control module 200 performs a diagnosis on multiple diagnostic items, it may change the diagnostic criteria for at least some of the diagnostic items in accordance with the diagnostic results of the other diagnostic items. Furthermore, if another diagnostic item is diagnosed as a specific abnormality stage, the control module 200 may change the diagnostic criteria for that diagnostic item.

[0152] For example, the control module 200 may change the diagnostic criteria for high-temperature diagnostic items, as shown in Figure 7, in response to the diagnostic results for overvoltage diagnostic items, as shown in Figure 6. As a more specific example, if a particular battery cell is diagnosed with a Warning 2 (danger) stage in the cell overvoltage diagnostic, the control module 200 may change the diagnostic criteria for high-temperature diagnostic items, which are other diagnostic items for that battery cell, as shown in Figure 7.

[0153] The control module 200 can change the reference value upward or downward when changing the diagnostic criteria.

[0154] In particular, for items where a measurement value is higher than the diagnostic criterion and is diagnosed as abnormal, if the diagnostic results for other diagnostic items are also abnormal, the criterion value used for the diagnostic criterion may be lowered, as shown in Figure 7. For example, this applies to diagnostic items such as cell overvoltage diagnosis, pack overvoltage diagnosis, charge / discharge overcurrent diagnosis, and charge / discharge high temperature diagnosis.

[0155] Furthermore, for diagnostic items where a measurement value lower than the diagnostic criteria indicates an abnormality, such as low cell voltage, low pack voltage, and low charging / discharging temperature, the threshold value used for the diagnostic criteria may be raised if the diagnostic results for other diagnostic items are abnormal.

[0156] According to this embodiment of the present invention, if an abnormality is diagnosed for another diagnostic item, the abnormality diagnosis criteria for that specific diagnostic item are lowered or relaxed, enabling faster diagnosis and proactive action against the abnormal situation. In particular, when an abnormality occurs in the battery, it is highly likely that many diagnostic items will be diagnosed as abnormal. For example, voltage, current, and temperature-related diagnostic items are highly interrelated, so if one of them is diagnosed as abnormal, it is highly likely that the others will also be diagnosed as abnormal.

[0157] However, there may be a time lag in diagnosing abnormalities in such a large number of diagnostic items. According to this embodiment, if an abnormality is diagnosed in a specific diagnostic item, the status of other diagnostic items that are highly likely to be abnormal can be grasped more quickly. Therefore, in this case, related actions can be taken more quickly.

[0158] For example, in the embodiment shown in Figure 7, if the measured temperature of the battery corresponds to P4, before changing the diagnostic criteria, the battery is only diagnosed as a Warning 2 (dangerous) stage because it is higher than the second diagnostic criterion RC2 but lower than the third diagnostic criterion RC3. However, if it is diagnosed as an abnormal stage in at least one of the other diagnostic items, such as the charging overcurrent diagnostic item, and the charging high temperature diagnostic criterion is adjusted downward as shown by arrows a1 to a3 in Figure 7, the measured temperature P4 will be higher than the new third diagnostic criterion RC3'. Therefore, the control module 200 can diagnose the charging high temperature item as a fault stage for the battery and take more proactive and enhanced response actions. Thus, in this case, more proactive and rapid action against the charging high temperature item becomes possible.

[0159] On the other hand, while the embodiment shown in Figure 7 mainly describes an embodiment applied to high-temperature charging diagnosis or high-temperature discharging diagnosis, such changes in diagnostic criteria can also be applied to a variety of other diagnostic items. For example, the diagnostic criteria can be changed for all 14 diagnostic items shown in Figure 4.

[0160] As shown in the embodiment of Figure 7 and other examples, the control module 200 can consider the diagnostic results of many diagnostic items, not just one, when changing the diagnostic criteria. For example, when diagnosing cell overvoltage, the control module 200 can change the diagnostic criteria by considering the results of the pack overvoltage diagnosis, the charging overcurrent diagnosis, and the charging high temperature diagnosis. As another example, when diagnosing cell undervoltage, the control module 200 can change the diagnostic criteria by considering the results of the pack undervoltage diagnosis and the discharge low temperature diagnosis together.

[0161] On the other hand, Figure 7 shows an embodiment in which each diagnostic criterion changes only once, but the present invention is not limited to such an embodiment. In particular, the control module 200 can change at least one diagnostic criterion in two or more stages. This will be explained in more detail with reference to Figure 8 and other figures.

[0162] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating the configuration of changes in diagnostic criteria according to another embodiment of the present invention. In Figure 8, the vertical axis represents current, and the horizontal axis may represent measurement number, time, etc., as in Figure 6.

[0163] Referring to Figure 8, three diagnostic criteria RD1, RD2, and RD3 may be provided for diagnosing battery current, for example, for diagnosing charging overcurrent. In this case, battery overcurrent diagnosis can be performed by dividing the abnormal condition into three stages. Here, RD3 is the highest current value and may be a diagnostic criterion for the fail stage. RD2 may be a diagnostic criterion for the fault stage, and RD1 may be a diagnostic criterion for the integrated warning stage.

[0164] For example, in the embodiment shown in Figure 8, the control module 200 may change the diagnostic criterion RD3 to RD3' or to RD3'' depending on the diagnostic results of other diagnostic items. Alternatively, the control module 200 may, after first changing RD3 to RD3' depending on the diagnostic results of other diagnostic items, secondarily change it to RD3'' if certain conditions are met.

[0165] As shown in Figure 8, in an embodiment in which the diagnostic criteria can be changed to multiple levels, the level of change in the diagnostic criteria may be determined by taking into account the abnormality stage in other diagnostic items. Furthermore, the control module 200 may be configured to further increase the level of change in the diagnostic criteria when the abnormal state of other diagnostic items is relatively more severe.

[0166] For example, in the embodiment shown in Figure 6, if the cell overvoltage diagnosis is diagnosed as Warning 2 (Danger), the control module 200 may lower the diagnostic criteria RD2 and RD3 for fault and fail for the charging overcurrent diagnosis shown in Figure 8 to RD2' and RD3'. On the other hand, if the diagnosis for the cell overvoltage diagnosis item in Figure 6 changes from Warning 2 (Danger) to Fault, the control module 200 may further lower the diagnostic criteria RD2' and RD3' for the charging overcurrent diagnosis in Figure 8 to RD2'' and RD3''. These final modified diagnostic criteria, RD2'' and RD3'', are two levels lower than the initial diagnostic criteria RD2 and RD3, and may be changed to a higher level than RD2' and RD3'.

[0167] Furthermore, in the cell overvoltage diagnosis shown in Figure 6, the fault stage can be diagnosed directly without going through the warning 2 (danger) stage. In this case, the control module 200 can directly lower the diagnostic criteria for the charging overcurrent diagnostic items in Figure 8 from RD2 and RD3 to RD2'' and RD3''. That is, each diagnostic criterion can be changed to many levels, but the control module 200 may change the diagnostic criteria sequentially according to the level, or it may change them while skipping specific levels.

[0168] As another example, in an embodiment where the diagnostic criteria are changed in many stages, as shown in Figure 8, the stages of change may be determined by considering together the diagnostic results of several other diagnostic items. For example, during the charging overcurrent diagnosis in Figure 8, the diagnostic criteria may be changed by considering together several other diagnostic items, such as the cell overvoltage diagnostic item, the pack overvoltage diagnostic item, the charging high temperature diagnostic item, and the inter-cell voltage imbalance diagnostic item during charging.

[0169] In particular, the control module 200 can determine the level of change in the diagnostic criteria for the charging overcurrent diagnostic item in Figure 8, depending on the number of other diagnostic items diagnosed as abnormal. As a more specific example, if two or fewer of the other diagnostic items receive a warning level 1 or higher, the control module 200 may change the diagnostic criteria for the fault and fail stages in Figure 8 from RD2 and RD3 to RD2' and RD3', respectively. On the other hand, if more than three of the other diagnostic items receive a warning level or higher, the control module 200 may change the diagnostic criteria for the fault and fail stages in Figure 8 from RD2 and RD3 or RD2' and RD3' to RD2" and RD3", respectively.

[0170] Furthermore, the control module 200 may restore the diagnostic criteria to a previous level when certain conditions are met. For example, in the embodiment shown in Figure 8, if the diagnostic criteria for fault and fail stages are changed from RD2' and RD3' to RD2'' and RD3'', and then an abnormal condition for other diagnostic items is resolved or mitigated, the control module 200 may revert the diagnostic criteria from RD2'' and RD3'' back to RD2' and RD3'.

[0171] According to this embodiment of the present invention, the diagnostic criteria are adaptively changed in accordance with the diagnostic results of other diagnostic items, thereby enabling more accurate and efficient diagnosis and response to battery abnormalities.

[0172] The control module 200 can change the diagnostic criteria according to the rate of change of the battery status information measured by the measurement module 100. In particular, the control module 200 can strengthen the diagnostic criteria when the rate of change of the battery status information is above a certain level. Here, "strengthening the diagnostic criteria" means lowering the diagnostic criteria for abnormal conditions so that the same measurement result is more easily diagnosed as an abnormal condition.

[0173] For example, in the charging high temperature diagnosis item of FIG. 7, when lowering the three diagnosis criteria RC1, RC2, and RC3 to RC1', RC2', and RC3', it can be said that the diagnosis criteria are strengthened. Therefore, before strengthening the diagnosis criteria, the P3 position is diagnosed as normal, but after strengthening the diagnosis criteria, the P3 position is diagnosed as an abnormal state (warning stage).

[0174] In such an embodiment, the control module 200 may consider the change rate of the corresponding diagnosis item, or may consider the change rate of other diagnosis items. For example, in the process of performing charging high temperature diagnosis as in the embodiment of FIG. 7, the control module 200 can measure the temperature of the battery during charging every time, and calculate the change rate of the temperature according to time. At this time, when the change rate of the temperature, especially the temperature rise rate, is above a certain level, the control module 200 can lower the three diagnosis criteria RC1, RC2, and RC3 as shown by the arrows a1, a2, and a3.

[0175] Furthermore, the change of the diagnosis criteria according to the change rate of such battery state information may be performed in multiple stages. For example, in the embodiment of FIG. 8, the control module 200 can change the diagnosis criterion RD2 to RD2' or RD2" according to the change rate of the battery state information, such as the current rise rate.

[0176] In particular, the control module 200 can compare the current rise rate with two reference current rates. For example, the two reference current rates can be VR1 and VR2 (VR1 < VR2). At this time, if the current rise rate is greater than the first current rate reference value VR1 and less than the second current rate reference value VR2, the control module 200 can relatively slightly change the diagnosis criteria, such as lowering RD2 to RD2'. On the other hand, if the current rise rate is greater than the second current rate reference value VR2, the control module 200 can relatively greatly change the diagnosis criteria, such as lowering RD2 to RD2".

[0177] According to this embodiment of the present invention, more efficient diagnosis and processing become possible in response to the rate at which battery status information changes. In particular, the faster the battery status information changes, the higher the likelihood that the battery abnormality is serious or will deteriorate in a short period of time. According to this embodiment, it is possible to respond quickly and effectively to such situations.

[0178] The measurement module 100 can vary the timing of measurements when measuring battery status information. For example, the measurement module 100 can measure the battery voltage, current, temperature, etc., and such measurements can be performed at predetermined specific times. The measurement module 100 can vary the timing of such measurement of status information. Furthermore, the measurement module 100 can periodically measure specific battery status information, and in this case, the measurement period can be varied.

[0179] Furthermore, when diagnosis is performed on multiple diagnostic items, the measurement module 100 may be configured to change the timing of battery status information measurement for at least some of the diagnostic items in accordance with the diagnostic results of the other diagnostic items. In particular, if the diagnostic result of the other diagnostic items is diagnosed as abnormal, the measurement module 100 may shorten the information measurement time compared to when it is in a normal state.

[0180] For example, in the embodiment shown in Figure 4, the measurement module 100 can periodically measure the voltage of the battery cells as battery status information for the cell overvoltage diagnostic item. In such a situation, if an abnormal condition such as Warning 2 (danger) or Fault (defect) is diagnosed in another diagnostic item, such as pack overvoltage diagnosis or charging overcurrent diagnosis, the measurement module 100 can shorten the voltage measurement cycle for cell overvoltage diagnosis.

[0181] In an embodiment in which the measurement module 100 changes the timing of information measurement considering the diagnostic results of other diagnostic items, the measurement module 100 may receive the diagnostic results of other diagnostic items from the control module 200. Then, the measurement module 100 may change the timing of measurement of battery status information according to the diagnostic results of other diagnostic items received in this manner from the control module 200.

[0182] Alternatively, the measurement timing of the measurement module 100 may be changed under the control of the control module 200. For example, the control module 200 may transmit a control signal to the measurement module 100 to change the measurement timing of state information for a specific diagnostic item, taking into account the diagnostic results of other diagnostic items. The measurement module 100 may then change the measurement timing of state information according to the control signal transmitted from the control module 200.

[0183] As a more specific example, the measurement module 100 may measure the voltage of a battery cell every 0.02 seconds (s) for cell overvoltage diagnosis. That is, the cell voltage measurement cycle may be 0.02 seconds. However, the control module 200 may transmit information to the measurement module 100 indicating that at least one abnormal stage among warning / danger / defect / failure stages is present for other diagnostic items other than cell overvoltage diagnosis, such as pack overvoltage diagnosis or charging overcurrent diagnosis. In this case, the measurement module 100 may shorten the battery cell voltage measurement cycle.

[0184] In particular, the measurement module 100 can change the measurement timing according to the diagnostic stage of other diagnostic items. Furthermore, the measurement timing can be shortened even further as the abnormal condition of other diagnostic items worsens.

[0185] For example, if the pack overvoltage diagnostic item receives a Warning 1 (warning) diagnosis, the measurement module 100 can shorten the voltage measurement cycle for cell overvoltage diagnosis from 0.02 seconds to 0.018 seconds, a reduction of approximately 0.002 seconds. As another example, if the pack overvoltage diagnostic item receives a Warning 2 (danger) diagnosis, the measurement module 100 can further significantly shorten the voltage measurement cycle for cell overvoltage diagnosis from 0.02 seconds to 0.015 seconds, a reduction of approximately 0.005 seconds.

[0186] Furthermore, the measurement module 100 can change the timing of measurement of status information, taking into account the number of diagnostic items diagnosed as abnormal. In particular, when the number of diagnostic items diagnosed as abnormal is large, the measurement module 100 can further shorten the measurement time compared to when the number is small.

[0187] For example, if an abnormal condition is diagnosed in more than a certain number of other diagnostic items (such as pack overvoltage diagnosis, charging overcurrent diagnosis, and charging high temperature diagnosis), the measurement module 100 can shorten the voltage measurement time compared to when an abnormal condition is diagnosed in fewer than a certain number of diagnostic items. More specifically, if a diagnosis of warning level or higher is received in fewer than three other diagnostic items, the measurement module 100 can shorten the voltage measurement cycle for cell overvoltage diagnosis from 0.02 seconds to 0.015 seconds, a reduction of approximately 0.005 seconds. On the other hand, if a diagnosis of warning level or higher is received in three or more other diagnostic items, the measurement module 100 can further significantly shorten the voltage measurement cycle for cell overvoltage diagnosis from 0.02 seconds to 0.01 seconds, a reduction of approximately 0.01 seconds.

[0188] According to this embodiment of the present invention, the timing of battery status information measurement changes in consideration of the diagnostic results of other diagnostic items, enabling more efficient diagnosis and countermeasures. In particular, the measurement frequency is reduced in normal conditions to reduce resource consumption due to measurement, and the measurement frequency is increased in abnormal conditions or situations where there is a high probability of abnormal conditions occurring or worsening to enable faster measurement. Furthermore, if an abnormality is diagnosed in other diagnostic items, there is a high probability that an abnormality will also be diagnosed in other related items, so the measurement frequency or cycle can be changed to enable faster diagnosis and countermeasures.

[0189] On the other hand, in this embodiment, a configuration was described in which the measurement timing of state information for a specific diagnostic item is changed considering the diagnostic results of other diagnostic items. However, the measurement module 100 may also change the measurement timing according to the diagnostic results of the relevant diagnostic item. In particular, if the abnormal condition of the relevant diagnostic item progresses to a more serious stage, the measurement module 100 may shorten the voltage measurement timing or cycle.

[0190] For example, the voltage measurement cycle for a cell overvoltage diagnostic item may be 0.02 seconds. However, if the cell overvoltage diagnostic item is diagnosed as a Warning 1 (warning) stage, the voltage measurement cycle by the measurement module 100 can be shortened to 0.017 seconds. Furthermore, if the cell overvoltage diagnostic item is diagnosed as a Warning 2 (danger) stage, the voltage measurement cycle by the measurement module 100 can be significantly shortened to 0.014 seconds. Moreover, if the cell overvoltage diagnostic item is diagnosed as a Fault (defect) stage, the voltage measurement cycle by the measurement module 100 can be significantly shortened even further to 0.010 seconds.

[0191] According to this embodiment, it becomes possible to diagnose and respond to the relevant diagnostic item as quickly and accurately as possible before it progresses to a serious situation such as a fault diagnosis.

[0192] The control module 200 may be configured to differentiate processing operations based on whether or not automatic release is possible for different diagnostic stages. Here, automatic release may mean that after the control module 200 has determined the diagnostic stage, the control module 200 changes the diagnostic stage on its own.

[0193] In particular, the control module 200 can diagnose abnormal conditions for specific diagnostic items in a multi-stage manner. In this case, the control module 200 may be configured to allow automatic disengagement for some diagnostic stages, while making automatic disengagement impossible for other diagnostic stages.

[0194] For example, if a cell overvoltage diagnostic item, as shown in Figure 6, is diagnosed in four stages: warning / danger / defect / failure, the control module 200 can be configured to automatically clear the warning and danger stages. In this case, the control module 200 may automatically clear the warning or danger stage if the measured or calculated value exceeds the corresponding diagnostic criterion and is diagnosed as a warning or danger stage, but the measured or calculated value falls back below the diagnostic criterion. As a more specific example, in the case of a high-temperature charging diagnosis, even if a warning or danger stage is diagnosed, if the temperature drops, the control module 200 may clear the warning or danger stage and convert it to the normal stage or lower the abnormal stage to the warning stage.

[0195] On the other hand, the control module 200 may be configured so that it cannot be automatically released from fault and failure stages. That is, if a measured value or calculated value exceeds the relevant diagnostic criteria and is diagnosed as a fault or failure stage, the control module 200 may be configured so that it cannot automatically release the diagnosis of the fault or failure stage even if the relevant measured value or calculated value falls below the diagnostic criteria. In such cases, the diagnostic status of the fault or failure stage can be released by other devices or systems outside of the battery management device according to the present invention. For example, if a fault stage is diagnosed, it can only be released at the request of a higher-level system such as an ECU or VCU. Furthermore, if a failure stage is diagnosed, it cannot be released even at the request of a higher-level system, and can only be released after the battery and battery management device have been inspected at a service center or similar facility.

[0196] Furthermore, the control module 200 may be configured to differentiate its processing operations into output limiting and output shutoff for the battery for different diagnostic stages. Here, output limiting may mean that charging and discharging of the battery are possible, but the magnitude of the charge / discharge voltage or current is reduced or the charge / discharge time is shortened. Output shutoff may mean that charging and discharging are shut off altogether.

[0197] For example, the control module 200 may limit output during the warning and critical phases, and shut off output during the fault and failure phases. Furthermore, the control module 200 may vary the degree of output limiting between the warning and critical phases. For example, the control module 200 may limit output more during the critical phase than during the warning phase.

[0198] In particular, the control module 200 may perform output limiting and / or output cutoff control using switching elements such as FETs (Field Effect Transistors) and relays. Furthermore, the control module 200 may perform all of the output limiting and / or output cutoff operations, or a higher-level system such as the vehicle's system may share at least some of the operations.

[0199] Furthermore, the control module 200 can perform different processing actions for different diagnostic items, even if they are at the same level of abnormality. For example, if a cell overvoltage item is diagnosed as a defect, the control module 200 may shut off charging to the battery cell in question. As another example, if a cell undervoltage item is diagnosed as a defect, the control module 200 may shut off discharging to the battery cell in question.

[0200] Furthermore, the control module 200 may be configured to divide its processing operations into providing warning signals and output adjustment for different diagnostic stages. Here, output adjustment means or includes output limiting and / or output shutdown. That is, the control module 200 may output warning signals for some diagnostic stages and adjust the output for other diagnostic stages.

[0201] For example, if the discharge high-temperature diagnosis is determined to be a warning or dangerous stage, the control module 200 may transmit only a warning message to the higher-level system or user without performing any additional output restrictions or shutdowns for charging or discharging. On the other hand, if the discharge high-temperature diagnosis is determined to be a defect or failure stage, the control module 200 may perform output restrictions or shutdowns for charging and discharging.

[0202] When the control module 200 performs diagnostics on multiple diagnostic items, it can perform a comprehensive diagnosis by considering the diagnostic results for multiple diagnostic items together. For example, the control module 200 can perform a comprehensive diagnosis as an overall evaluation result for the battery. In this case, the comprehensive diagnostic result can also be provided in multiple stages, for example, four stages (warning / danger / defect / failure).

[0203] The battery pack according to the present invention includes the battery management device according to the present invention as described above. In addition to the battery management device according to the present invention, the battery pack according to the present invention may further include components that are normally included in a battery pack, such as battery cells, pack housings, fuses, relays, and electrical components such as a BMS. Furthermore, at least some functions, configurations, and operations of the battery management device according to the present invention may be embodied by a BMS and various sensors included in the battery pack.

[0204] Furthermore, the battery pack according to the present invention may be a replaceable, shared battery pack for automobiles, particularly electric motorcycles. The battery management device according to the present invention may be mounted on such a replaceable, shared battery pack for electric motorcycles.

[0205] Furthermore, the automobile according to the present invention includes a battery management device or a battery pack according to the present invention. Moreover, the automobile according to the present invention may be electrically driven and include a drive battery pack. In this case, the battery management device according to the present invention may be provided entirely on the battery pack side. Alternatively, the battery management device according to the present invention may be configured such that some functions and configurations are shared between the battery pack and the automobile side. For example, the operation and functions of the control module 200 are mostly performed by the BMS of the battery pack, but some operations and functions may be implemented by a higher-level system on the automobile side, such as an ECU or VCU.

[0206] Furthermore, the automobile according to the present invention may further include other components generally applicable to vehicles, in addition to a battery management device and a battery pack. In particular, the automobile according to the present invention may be an electric motorcycle.

[0207] Furthermore, the battery supply system according to the present invention includes a battery management device according to the present invention. Here, the battery supply system may be a concept that includes a battery charging system that provides a charging service for discharged batteries, or a battery exchange system that provides a service for exchanging discharged batteries for charged batteries. The battery supply system may also include a battery inspection and repair system, such as a service center that repairs or inspects batteries. The battery supply system may also include a battery sales system where batteries can be purchased.

[0208] Figure 9 is a schematic flowchart illustrating a battery management method according to one embodiment of the present invention. In Figure 9, the entity executing each step may be a component of the battery management device according to the present invention.

[0209] Referring to Figure 9, the battery management method according to the present invention includes a state information measurement step S110, a diagnostic stage determination step S120, and a corresponding processing operation execution step S130.

[0210] First, the status information measurement step S110 may be a step to measure the status information of the battery. Step S110 may be performed by the measurement module 100. Many of the above-mentioned descriptions of the functions and operation of the measurement module 100 may apply to step S110.

[0211] Next, the diagnostic stage determination step S120 may be a step in which the diagnostic stage for the battery is determined by comparing the battery state information measured in step S110 with a multi-stage form of diagnostic criteria. Such a step S120 may be performed by the control module 200 of the battery management device. Furthermore, many diverse explanations of the diagnostic configuration of the control module 200 described above can be applied to step S120.

[0212] The corresponding processing operation execution step S130 may be a step that executes a processing operation corresponding to the diagnostic stage determined in step S120. Step S130 may also be performed by the control module 200. Therefore, various explanations of the processing operation execution configuration of the control module 200 described above can be applied to step S130. Alternatively, at least a part of the operation of step S130 may be performed by the measurement module 100. For example, in step S130, the timing of measurement of battery status information may be changed as the corresponding processing operation.

[0213] Furthermore, the details of the battery management device according to the present invention described in detail above can be applied identically or similarly to the battery management method according to the present invention, so a detailed explanation is omitted.

[0214] Although the present invention has been described above with reference to limited embodiments and drawings, it goes without saying that the present invention is not limited thereto, and that various modifications and variations can be made by persons with ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention belongs, within the equivalent scope of the technical concept and claims of the present invention. [Explanation of symbols]

[0215] 100: Measurement module 200: Control Module 300: Memory

Claims

1. A measurement module that measures battery status information, The control module includes a control module configured to determine the diagnostic stage of the battery by comparing the state information measured by the measurement module with a multi-stage diagnostic criterion, and to perform a processing operation corresponding to the determined diagnostic stage. The control module is configured to differentiate the processing operation into limiting the battery output and shutting off the battery output for different diagnostic stages. A battery management device in which the output limiting of the battery means that charging and discharging of the battery is possible, but the magnitude of the charge / discharge voltage or current is reduced or the charge / discharge time is shortened.

2. The battery management device according to claim 1, further comprising a memory for storing the multi-stage configuration of diagnostic criteria.

3. The battery management device according to claim 1, wherein the control module is configured to divide the abnormal state of the battery into a plurality of diagnostic stages.

4. The battery management device according to claim 1, wherein the control module is configured to determine the diagnostic stage for a plurality of diagnostic items.

5. The aforementioned battery is configured in the form of a battery pack including a plurality of battery cells, The battery management device according to claim 4, wherein the control module is configured to perform overvoltage diagnosis and undervoltage diagnosis for at least some of the battery cells among the plurality of battery cells or for the entire battery pack as the plurality of diagnostic items.

6. The battery management device according to claim 4, wherein the control module is configured to perform diagnostics on at least one of the battery current and temperature as the plurality of diagnostic items, including diagnostics during charging and diagnostics during discharging.

7. The battery management device according to claim 4, wherein the control module is configured to include, as a plurality of diagnostic items, the diagnosis of inter-cell voltage imbalance during charging and the diagnosis of inter-cell voltage imbalance during idle.

8. The battery management device according to claim 4, wherein the control module is configured to change the diagnostic criteria for at least some of the plurality of diagnostic items in accordance with the diagnostic results of the other diagnostic items.

9. The battery management device according to claim 4, wherein the measurement module is configured to change the timing of measurement of the battery status information for at least some of the plurality of diagnostic items in accordance with the diagnostic results of the other diagnostic items.

10. The battery management device according to claim 1, wherein the control module is configured to differentiate the processing operation based on whether or not automatic release is possible for different diagnostic stages.

11. The battery management device according to claim 1, wherein the control module is configured to divide the processing operation into providing a warning signal and adjusting the output for different diagnostic stages.

12. A battery pack including a battery management device according to any one of claims 1 to 11.

13. An automobile comprising a battery management device according to any one of claims 1 to 11.

14. A battery supply system including a battery management device according to any one of claims 1 to 11.

15. Steps to measure battery status information, A step of determining the diagnostic stage of the battery by comparing the measured state information with a multi-stage form of diagnostic criteria, The step includes performing a processing operation corresponding to the diagnostic stage determined in the aforementioned determination step, The step of performing the processing operation includes dividing the processing operation into limiting the battery output and shutting off the battery output for different diagnostic stages, A battery management method in which the output limit of the battery means that charging and discharging of the battery is possible, but the magnitude of the charge / discharge voltage or current is reduced or the charge / discharge time is shortened.

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