Optimization of arrival and departure angles by using antenna information

Abstract

In one aspect, a user equipment (UE) determines one or more angle-based measurements of one or more reference signal resources transmitted by or received at the UE on one or more antennas of the UE, and reports the one or more angle-based measurements, beam patterns associated with the one or more reference signal resources, types of the one or more antennas, locations of the one or more antennas on the UE, orientations of the one or more antennas, or any combination thereof, to a positioning entity.

Description

Claim of priority

[0001] Cross-reference of related applications

[0001] This patent application claims priority to Greek Patent Application No. 20200100620, filed on 14 October 2020, entitled "ANGLE OF ARRIVAL AND ANGLE OF DEPARTURE SYSTEM OPTIMIZATION BY USING ANTENNA INFORMATION," which has been assigned to the assignee of this application and is expressly incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. [Technical Field]

[0002]

[0002] The aspects of this disclosure generally relate to wireless communications. [Background technology]

[0003]

[0003] Wireless communication systems have evolved through various generations, including first-generation analog wireless telephone services (1G), second-generation (2G) digital wireless telephone services (including intermediate 2.5G and 2.75G networks), third-generation (3G) high-speed data, internet-enabled wireless services, and fourth-generation (4G) services (e.g., Long-Term Evolution (LTE®) or WiMax®). Currently, there are many different types of wireless communication systems in use, including cellular and personal communication service (PCS) systems. Known examples of cellular systems include cellular analog advanced mobile phone systems (AMPS), and digital cellular systems based on code division multiple access (CDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), global system for mobile communications (GSM®), etc.

[0004]

[0004] The fifth-generation (5G) wireless standard, also known as New Radio (NR), enables improvements such as higher data transfer speeds, a greater number of connections, and better coverage. The 5G standard by the Next Generation Mobile Network Alliance is designed to provide higher data rates, more accurate positioning (based on reference signals for positioning (RS-P), such as downlink, uplink, or sidelink positioning reference signals (PRS)), and other technological enhancements compared to previous standards. These enhancements, as well as the use of higher frequency bands, advances in PRS processes and technology, and high-density deployment of 5G, enable extremely accurate 5G-based positioning. [Overview of the Initiative]

[0005]

[0005] The following provides a simplified overview relating to one or more embodiments disclosed herein. Therefore, the following overview should not be considered a broad overview relating to all intended embodiments, nor should it be considered to identify major or important elements relating to all intended embodiments, or to define the scope relating to a particular embodiment. Accordingly, the following overview has the sole purpose of presenting, in a simplified form, some concepts relating to one or more embodiments relating to the mechanisms disclosed herein, prior to the embodiments for carrying out the invention presented below.

[0006]

[0006] In one embodiment, a method for wireless communication positioning by a user device (UE) includes determining one or more angle-based measurements of one or more reference signal resources transmitted by the UE on one or more antennas of the UE or received in the UE, and reporting to a positioning entity one or more angle-based measurements, beam patterns associated with one or more reference signal resources, one or more antenna types, locations of one or more antennas on the UE, orientation of one or more antennas, or any combination thereof.

[0007]

[0007] In one embodiment, the user equipment (UE) includes a memory, at least one transceiver, and at least one processor communicatively coupled to the memory and the at least one transceiver, wherein the at least one processor is configured to determine one or more angle-based measurements of one or more reference signal resources transmitted by the UE on one or more antennas of the UE or received in the UE, and to report to a positioning entity via the at least one transceiver one or more angle-based measurements, beam patterns associated with one or more reference signal resources, one or more antenna types, locations of one or more antennas on the UE, orientations of one or more antennas, or any combination thereof.

[0008]

[0008] In one embodiment, the user equipment (UE) includes means for determining one or more angle-based measurements of one or more reference signal resources transmitted by the UE on one or more antennas of the UE or received in the UE, and means for reporting to a positioning entity one or more angle-based measurements, beam patterns associated with one or more reference signal resources, one or more antenna types, locations of one or more antennas on the UE, orientation of one or more antennas, or any combination thereof.

[0009]

[0009] A non-temporary computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a user device (UE), cause the UE to determine one or more angle-based measurements of one or more reference signal resources transmitted by the UE on one or more antennas of the UE or received in the UE, and to report to a positioning entity one or more angle-based measurements, beam patterns associated with one or more reference signal resources, one or more antenna types, locations of one or more antennas on the UE, orientation of one or more antennas, or any combination thereof.

[0010]

[0010] Other objectives and advantages relating to the embodiments disclosed herein will become apparent to those skilled in the art based on the accompanying drawings and embodiments for carrying out the invention.

[0011]

[0011] The accompanying drawings are provided to aid in describing various aspects of the present disclosure and are provided merely as examples of aspects, not as an limitation of aspects. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0012] [Figure 1]

[0012] A diagram illustrating an exemplary wireless communication system according to an aspect of the present disclosure. [Figure 2A]

[0013] A diagram illustrating an exemplary wireless network structure according to an aspect of this disclosure. [Figure 2B] A diagram illustrating an exemplary wireless network structure according to an aspect of this disclosure. [Figure 3A]

[0014] Simplified block diagrams of several exemplary embodiments of components that may be employed in a user equipment (UE) and configured to support the communications taught herein. [Figure 3B] Simplified block diagrams of several exemplary embodiments of components that may be employed in a base station and configured to support the communications taught herein. [Figure 3C]Schematic block diagrams of some exemplary aspects of components that may be employed in a network entity and configured to support the communications taught herein. [Figure 4]

[0015] A diagram showing an exemplary base station communicating with an exemplary UE according to an aspect of the present disclosure. [Figure 5]

[0016] A diagram showing an exemplary format of antenna placement and calibration information element (IE) that a device may report for the purpose of angle-based positioning. [Figure 6]

[0017] A diagram showing an exemplary long term evolution (LTE) positioning protocol (LPP) call flow between a UE and a location server for performing a positioning operation. [Figure 7]

[0018] A diagram showing the definition of a coordinate system by the x-axis, y-axis, z-axis, spherical angles, and spherical unit vectors according to an aspect of the present disclosure. [Figure 8A]

[0019] A diagram showing a sequence of rotations that relate a global coordinate system (GCS) to a local coordinate system (LCS) according to an aspect of the present disclosure. [Figure 8B]

[0020] A diagram showing the definition of spherical coordinates and unit vectors in both the GCS and LCS according to an aspect of the present disclosure. [Figure 9]

[0021] A diagram showing an exemplary method of wireless positioning according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

Best Mode for Carrying Out the Invention

[0013]

[0022] Aspects of the present disclosure are provided in the following description and associated drawings directed to various examples provided for illustrative purposes. Alternative aspects may be devised without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Further, well-known elements of the present disclosure are not described in detail or are omitted so as not to obscure the relevant details of the present disclosure.

[0014]

[0023] The words “exemplary” and / or “example” are used herein to mean “to serve as an example, case, or illustration.” Any aspect described herein as “exemplary” and / or “example” should not necessarily be construed as being preferable or advantageous to any other aspect. Similarly, the term “aspects of the disclosure” does not require that all aspects of the disclosure include the described features, advantages, or modes of operation.

[0015]

[0024] Those skilled in the art will understand that the information and signals described below may be represented using any of the various different techniques and methods. For example, the data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be mentioned throughout the following description may be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, light fields or optical particles, or any combination thereof, depending in part with the specific application, in part with the desired design, in part with the corresponding technology.

[0016]

[0025] Furthermore, many embodiments are described, for example, with respect to a set of actions to be performed by elements of a computing device. It will be recognized that the various actions described herein may be performed by a particular circuit (e.g., an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC)), by program instructions executed by one or more processors, or a combination of both. Furthermore, the set of actions described herein may be considered to be performed as a whole within any form of non-temporary computer-readable storage medium storing a corresponding set of computer instructions that, at runtime, will cause or instruct the relevant processors of the device to perform the functions described herein. Thus, the various embodiments of this disclosure may be performed in several different forms, all of which are intended to fall within the scope of the claimed subject matter. Furthermore, for each of the embodiments described herein, any corresponding form of such embodiment may be described herein, for example, as “logic configured to perform” the described actions.

[0017]

[0026] As used herein, the terms “User Equipment” (UE) and “Base Station” are not intended to be specific to or otherwise limited to any particular Radio Access Technology (RAT), unless otherwise noted. Generally, a UE may be any wireless communication device used by a user to communicate over a wireless communication network (e.g., a mobile phone, router, tablet computer, laptop computer, consumer asset location device, wearable (e.g., smartwatch, glasses, augmented reality (AR) / virtual reality (VR) headset, etc.), vehicle (e.g., car, motorcycle, bicycle, etc.), Internet of Things (IoT) device, etc.). A UE may be mobile or (e.g., at some time) stationary and may communicate with a Radio Access Network (RAN). As used herein, the terms “UE” may be interchangeably referred to as “Access Terminal” or “AT,” “Client Device,” “Wireless Device,” “Subscriber Device,” “Subscriber Terminal,” “Subscriber Station,” “User Terminal” or “UT,” “Mobile Device,” “Mobile Terminal,” “Mobile Station,” or variations thereof. Generally, a UE can communicate with the core network via the RAN, and through the core network, the UE can connect to external networks such as the Internet and other UEs. Of course, other mechanisms for connecting to the core network and / or the Internet are also possible for the UE, such as via wired access networks, wireless local area network (WLAN) networks (for example, based on the IEEE 802.11 specification, etc.).

[0018]

[0027] A base station may operate according to one of several RATs communicating with a UE, depending on the network in which it is deployed, and may alternatively be called an access point (AP), network node, node B, advanced node B (eNB), next-generation eNB (ng-eNB), or new radio (NR) node B (also called gNB or g node B). Base stations may be used primarily to support wireless access by UEs, including supporting data, voice, and / or signaling connections for supported UEs. In some systems, a base station may provide purely edge node signaling functionality, while in others it may provide additional control and / or network management functionality. The communication link through which a UE can signal to a base station is called an uplink (UL) channel (e.g., reverse traffic channel, reverse control channel, access channel, etc.). The communication link through which a base station can signal to a UE is called a downlink (DL) or forward link channel (e.g., paging channel, control channel, broadcast channel, forward traffic channel, etc.). As used herein, the term Traffic Channel (TCH) may refer to either an uplink / reverse traffic channel or a downlink / forward traffic channel.

[0019]

[0028] The term “base station” can refer to a single physical transmit / receive point (TRP), or to multiple physical TRPs, which may or may not be colocated. For example, when the term “base station” refers to a single physical TRP, the physical TRP could be the base station’s antennas corresponding to the base station’s cells (or several cell sectors). When the term “base station” refers to multiple colocated physical TRPs, the physical TRPs could be an array of antennas at the base station (for example, in a multi-input multiple-output (MIMO) system, or if the base station employs beamforming). When the term “base station” refers to multiple uncolocated physical TRPs, the physical TRPs could be a distributed antenna system (DAS) (a network of spatially separated antennas connected to a common source via a transport medium) or a remote radio head (RRH) (a remote base station connected to a serving base station). Alternatively, uncolocated physical TRPs could be a serving base station receiving measurement reports from a UE and a neighbor base station where the UE is measuring its reference radio frequency (RF) signal. Since a TRP is the point from which a base station transmits and receives wireless signals, references to transmission from or reception at a base station used herein should be understood to refer to a specific TRP of the base station.

[0020]

[0029] In some implementations that support UE positioning, a base station may not support wireless access by the UE (for example, it may not support data, voice, and / or signaling connections for the UE), but instead may transmit a reference signal to the UE to be measured by the UE, and / or receive and measure signals transmitted by the UE. Such a base station may be called a positioning beacon (for example, when transmitting a signal to the UE) and / or a location measurement unit (for example, when receiving and measuring a signal from the UE).

[0021]

[0030] An "RF signal" comprises an electromagnetic wave of a given frequency that transports information through the space between a transmitter and a receiver. A transmitter used herein may transmit a single "RF signal" or multiple "RF signals" to a receiver. However, due to the propagation characteristics of RF signals through multipath channels, a receiver may receive multiple "RF signals" corresponding to each transmitted RF signal. The same transmitted RF signal on different paths between the transmitter and receiver may be called a "multipath" RF signal. As used herein, an RF signal may be called a "wireless signal," or simply a "signal" where the term "signal" is clear from the context that it refers to either a wireless signal or an RF signal.

[0022]

[0031] Figure 1 shows an exemplary wireless communication system 100 according to an aspect of the present disclosure. The wireless communication system 100 (sometimes called a wireless wide area network (WWAN)) may include various base stations 102 (marked "BS") and various UEs 104. The base stations 102 may include macrocell base stations (high-power cellular base stations) and / or small cell base stations (low-power cellular base stations). In one aspect, the macrocell base station may include an eNB and / or ng-eNB that the wireless communication system 100 corresponds to an LTE network, or a gNB that the wireless communication system 100 corresponds to an NR network, or a combination of both, and the small cell base station may include femtocells, picocells, microcells, etc.

[0023]

[0032] The base stations 102 collectively form a RAN and interface with the core network 170 (e.g., an Advanced Packet Core (EPC) or a 5G core (5GC)) through a backhaul link 122, and may interface with one or more location servers 172 (e.g., a Location Management Function (LMF) or a Secure User Plane Location (SUPL) Location Platform (SLP)) through the core network 170. The (one or more) location servers 172 may be part of the core network 170 or may be outside the core network 170. The location servers 172 may be integrated with the base stations 102. The UE 104 may communicate with the location servers 172 directly or indirectly. For example, the UE 104 may communicate with the location servers 172 via the base station 102 currently servicing the UE 104. UE104 may also communicate with location server 172 through another path, such as via an application server (not shown), or through another network, such as via a wireless local area network (WLAN) access point (AP) (e.g., AP150 described below). For signaling purposes, communication between UE104 and location server 172 may be represented as an indirect connection (e.g., through core network 170) or a direct connection (e.g., shown by direct connection 128), and intervening nodes (if any) are omitted from the signaling diagram for clarity.

[0024]

[0033] In addition to other functions, base stations 102 may perform functions related to the transfer of user data, radio channel encryption and decryption, integrity protection, header compression, mobility control functions (e.g., handover, dual connectivity), inter-cell interference coordination, connection setup and release, load balancing, distribution for non-access layer (NAS) messages, NAS node selection, synchronization, RAN sharing, multimedia broadcast multicast service (MBMS), subscriber and equipment tracing, RAN information management (RIM), paging, positioning, and delivery of warning messages. Base stations 102 may communicate with each other directly or indirectly (e.g., through EPC / 5GC) via backhaul links 134, which may be wired or wireless.

[0025]

[0034] Base station 102 can communicate wirelessly with UE 104. Each base station 102 can provide communication coverage to its respective geographical coverage area 110. In one embodiment, one or more cells may be supported by base stations 102 in each geographical coverage area 110. A “cell” is a logical communication entity used for communication with a base station (over some frequency resource, such as carrier frequency, component carrier, carrier, or band), and may be associated with an identifier (e.g., Physical Cell Identifier (PCI), Extended Cell Identifier (ECI), Virtual Cell Identifier (VCI), Cell Global Identifier (CGI), etc.) to distinguish cells operating over the same or different carrier frequencies. In some cases, different cells may be configured according to different protocol types (e.g., Machine Type Communications (MTC), Narrowband IoT (NB-IoT), Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB), or others) that may provide access to different types of UEs. Since a cell is supported by a particular base station, the term “cell” may, depending on the context, refer to either or both the logical communication entity and the base station that supports it. Furthermore, since TRP is generally the physical transmission point of a cell, the terms “cell” and “TRP” can be used interchangeably. In some cases, the term “cell” can also refer to the geographical coverage area (e.g., sector) of a base station, insofar as the carrier frequency can be detected and used for communications within some portion of the geographical coverage area 110.

[0026]

[0035] The geographical coverage areas 110 of neighboring macrocell base stations 102 may partially overlap (for example, in the handover area), but some of the geographical coverage areas 110 may largely overlap with larger geographical coverage areas 110. For example, a small cell base station 102' (marked "SC" for "small cell") may have a geographical coverage area 110' that largely overlaps with the geographical coverage areas 110 of one or more macrocell base stations 102. A network that includes both small cell base stations and macrocell base stations may be known as a heterogeneous network. A heterogeneous network may also include a home eNB (HeNB) that can serve a limited group known as a limited subscriber group (CSG).

[0027]

[0036] The communication link 120 between base station 102 and UE 104 may include uplink transmissions from UE 104 to base station 102 (also called a reverse link) and / or downlink (DL) transmissions from base station 102 to UE 104 (also called a forward link). The communication link 120 may use MIMO antenna technology, including spatial multiplexing, beamforming, and / or transmit diversity. The communication link 120 may be traversed by one or more carrier frequencies. Carrier allocation may be asymmetric with respect to the downlink and uplink (for example, more or fewer carriers may be allocated to the downlink than to the uplink).

[0028]

[0037] The wireless communication system 100 may further include a WLAN access point (AP) 150 communicating with a wireless local area network (WLAN) station (STA) 152 via a communication link 154 in an unlicensed frequency spectrum (e.g., 5 GHz). When communicating in an unlicensed frequency spectrum, the WLAN STA 152 and / or WLAN AP 150 may perform a clear channel assessment (CCA) procedure or a listen-before-talk (LBT) procedure before communication to determine whether the channel is available.

[0029]

[0038] Small cell base station 102' may operate in licensed and / or unlicensed frequency spectrums. When operating in an unlicensed frequency spectrum, small cell base station 102' may employ LTE or NR technology and use the same 5GHz unlicensed frequency spectrum used by WLAN AP150. Small cell base station 102' employing LTE / 5G in an unlicensed frequency spectrum may boost coverage to the access network and / or increase the capacity of the access network. NR in an unlicensed spectrum may be referred to as NR-U. LTE in an unlicensed spectrum may be referred to as LTE-U, License-Assisted Access (LAA), or MulteFire.

[0030]

[0039] The wireless communication system 100 may further include a millimeter-wave (mmW) base station 180 that communicates with UE 182 and may operate in millimeter-wave (mmW) and / or near-mmW frequencies. Extremely high frequency (EHF) is a part of RF in the electromagnetic spectrum. EHF has a range of 30 GHz to 300 GHz and wavelengths between 1 millimeter and 10 millimeters. Radio waves in this band are sometimes called millimeter waves. Near-mmW can extend down to frequencies of 3 GHz with wavelengths of 100 millimeters. The very high frequency (SHF) band, also called centimeter waves, extends between 3 GHz and 30 GHz. Communication using the mmW / near-mmW radio frequency bands has high path loss and relatively short range. The mmW base station 180 and UE 182 may utilize beamforming (transmit and / or receive) via the mmW communication link 184 to compensate for the extremely high path loss and short range. Furthermore, in alternative configurations, it will be understood that one or more base stations 102 may also transmit using mmW or near-mmW and beamforming. Accordingly, it will be understood that the above description is merely illustrative and should not be construed as limiting the various embodiments disclosed herein.

[0031]

[0040] Transmit beamforming is a technique for focusing RF signals in a specific direction. Traditionally, when a network node (e.g., a base station) broadcasts an RF signal, it broadcasts the signal in all directions (omnidirectionally). In transmit beamforming, the network node determines where a given target device (e.g., a UE) is located (relative to the transmitting network node) and projects a stronger downlink RF signal in that specific direction, thereby providing a faster and stronger RF signal (in terms of data rate) to one or more receiving devices. To change the directionality of an RF signal when transmitting, the network node can control the phase and relative amplitude of the RF signal at each of the one or more transmitters broadcasting the RF signal. For example, the network node may use an array of antennas (called a "phased array" or "antenna array") that can create beams of RF waves that can be "steered" to point in different directions without actually moving the antennas. Specifically, the RF current from the transmitter is supplied to individual antennas with the appropriate phase relationship so that the radio waves from separate antennas are added together to increase radiation in the desired direction, while canceling out and suppressing radiation in undesirable directions.

[0032]

[0041] Transmit beams can be pseudo-collocated, meaning that the transmit beam appears to the receiver (e.g., UE) to have the same parameters regardless of whether the network node's transmit antenna itself is physically collocated. In NR, there are four types of pseudo-collocation (QCL) relationships. In particular, a given type of QCL relationship means that several parameters relating to a second reference RF signal on a second beam can be derived from information about the source reference RF signal on the source beam. Thus, if the source reference RF signal is QCL type A, the receiver can use the source reference RF signal to estimate the Doppler shift, Doppler spread, mean delay, and delay spread of a second reference RF signal transmitted on the same channel. If the source reference RF signal is QCL type B, the receiver can use the source reference RF signal to estimate the Doppler shift and Doppler spread of a second reference RF signal transmitted on the same channel. If the source reference RF signal is QCL type C, the receiver can use the source reference RF signal to estimate the Doppler shift and mean delay of a second reference RF signal transmitted on the same channel. If the source reference RF signal is QCL type D, the receiver can use the source reference RF signal to estimate the spatial reception parameters of a second reference RF signal transmitted on the same channel.

[0033]

[0042] In receive beamforming, a receiver uses a received beam to amplify an RF signal detected on a given channel. For example, a receiver may increase the gain setting of an antenna array in a particular direction and / or adjust the phase setting to amplify an RF signal received from that direction (e.g., increase its gain level). Therefore, when a receiver is said to beamform in a certain direction, it means that the beam gain in that direction is higher than the beam gain along other directions, or that the beam gain in that direction is the highest compared to the beam gain in that direction of all other receive beams available to the receiver. This results in a stronger received signal intensity (e.g., reference signal received power (RSRP), reference signal received quality (RSRQ), signal-to-interference plus noise ratio (SINR), etc.) of the RF signal received from that direction.

[0034]

[0043] The transmit beam and receive beam can be spatially related. This spatial relationship means that parameters for a second beam (e.g., a transmit beam or a receive beam) for a second reference signal can be derived from information about a first beam (e.g., a receive beam or a transmit beam) for a first reference signal. For example, a UE might use a specific receive beam to receive a reference downlink reference signal (e.g., a synchronization signal block (SSB)) from a base station. The UE can then form a transmit beam to send an uplink reference signal (e.g., a sounding reference signal (SRS)) to that base station, based on the parameters of the receive beam.

[0035]

[0044] It should be noted that a “downlink” beam can be either a transmit beam or a receive beam, depending on the entity forming it. For example, if a base station forms a downlink beam to transmit a reference signal to a UE, then the downlink beam is a transmit beam. However, if a UE forms a downlink beam, then it is a receive beam for receiving a downlink reference signal. Similarly, an “uplink” beam can be either a transmit beam or a receive beam, depending on the entity forming it. For example, if a base station forms an uplink beam, then it is an uplink receive beam, and if a UE forms an uplink beam, then it is an uplink transmit beam.

[0036]

[0045] The electromagnetic spectrum is often subdivided into various classes, bands, channels, etc., based on frequency / wavelength. In 5G NR, two initial operating bands are identified as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz to 7.125 GHz) and FR2 (24.25 GHz to 52.6 GHz). It should be understood that although a portion of FR1 is greater than 6 GHz, FR1 is often (interchangeably) referred to as the “sub-6 GHz” band in various documents and papers. A similar naming issue sometimes arises with respect to FR2, which is often (interchangeably) referred to as the “millimeter wave” band in documents and papers, even though it is different from the extremely high frequency (EHF) band (30 GHz to 300 GHz) identified by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) as the “millimeter wave” band.

[0037]

[0046] The frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are often referred to as intermediate band frequencies. Recent 5G NR research identifies the operating band of these intermediate band frequencies as frequency range designation FR3 (7.125 GHz to 24.25 GHz). The frequency bands falling within FR3 can inherit the characteristics of FR1 and / or FR2, and thus the characteristics of FR1 and / or FR2 can be effectively extended to the intermediate band frequencies. Furthermore, higher frequency bands are currently being explored to extend 5G NR operation beyond 52.6 GHz. For example, three higher operating bands have been identified as frequency range designations FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz to 71 GHz), FR4 (52.6 GHz to 114.25 GHz), and FR5 (114.25 GHz to 300 GHz). Each of these higher frequency bands falls within the EHF band.

[0038]

[0047] With the above aspects in mind, unless otherwise specified, terms such as "sub-6GHz" can broadly refer to frequencies that may be less than 6GHz, may be within FR1, or may include intermediate band frequencies, as used herein. Furthermore, unless otherwise specified, terms such as "millimeter wave" can broadly refer to frequencies that may include intermediate band frequencies, may be within FR2, FR4, FR4-a or FR4-1, and / or FR5, or may be within the EHF band, as used herein.

[0039]

[0048] In multi-carrier systems such as 5G, one of the carrier frequencies is called the "primary carrier," "anchor carrier," "primary serving cell," or "PCell," while the remaining carrier frequencies are called "secondary carriers," "secondary serving cells," or "SCells." In carrier aggregation, the anchor carrier is the carrier operating on the primary frequency (e.g., FR1) utilized by UE104 / 182 and the cell from which UE104 / 182 either performs the initial radio resource control (RRC) connection establishment procedure or initiates the RRC connection re-establishment procedure. The primary carrier carries a common and UE-specific control channel and may be a carrier in an authorized frequency (though this is not always the case). The secondary carrier is the carrier operating on a second frequency (e.g., FR2) that may be configured once an RRC connection is established between UE104 and the anchor carrier and may be used to provide additional radio resources. In some cases, the secondary carrier may be a carrier in an unauthorized frequency. The secondary carrier may contain only the necessary signaling information and signals, and since both the primary uplink carrier and primary downlink carrier are typically UE-specific, there may be no UE-specific information in the secondary carrier. This means that different UE104 / 182s in a cell can have different downlink primary carriers. The same is true for uplink primary carriers. The network can change the primary carrier of any UE104 / 182 at any time. This is done, for example, to distribute the load across different carriers. Since a “serving cell” (whether PCell or SCell) corresponds to the carrier frequency / component carrier through which some base station is communicating, terms such as “cell,” “serving cell,” “component carrier,” and “carrier frequency” can be used interchangeably.

[0040]

[0049] For example, still referring to Figure 1, one of the frequencies utilized by the macrocell base station 102 could be the anchor carrier (or "PCell"), and the other frequencies utilized by the macrocell base station 102 and / or the mmW base station 180 could be the secondary carriers ("SCell"). Simultaneous transmission and / or reception of multiple carriers allows UE 104 / 182 to significantly increase its data transmission and / or reception rates. For example, two 20MHz aggregated carriers in a multicarrier system would theoretically lead to a doubling of the data rate (i.e., 40MHz) compared to what would be achieved with a single 20MHz carrier.

[0041]

[0050] The wireless communication system 100 may further include a UE 164 that can communicate with a macrocell base station 102 via a communication link 120 and / or with an mmW base station 180 via an mmW communication link 184. For example, the macrocell base station 102 may support a PCell and one or more SCells for the UE 164, and the mmW base station 180 may support one or more SCells for the UE 164.

[0042]

[0051] In some cases, UE164 and UE182 may be capable of sidelink communication. Sidelink-enabled UEs (SL-UEs) may communicate with base station 102 via communication link 120 using the Uu interface (i.e., the air interface between the UE and the base station). SL-UEs (e.g., UE164, UE182) may also communicate directly with each other via wireless sidelink 160 using the PC5 interface (i.e., the air interface between sidelink-enabled UEs). Wireless sidelink (or simply “sidelink”) is an adaptation of core-cellular (e.g., LTE, NR) standards that enables direct communication between two or more UEs without the need for that communication to go through a base station. Sidelink communication can be unicast or multicast and may be used for device-to-device (D2D) media sharing, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication (e.g., cellular V2X (cV2X) communication, enhanced V2X (eV2X) communication, etc.), emergency rescue applications, etc. One or more of the groups of SL-UEs utilizing sidelink communication may be within the geographical coverage area 110 of base station 102. Other SL-UEs in such a group may be outside the geographical coverage area 110 of base station 102, or otherwise unable to receive transmissions from base station 102. In some cases, groups of SL-UEs communicating via sidelink communication may utilize a one-to-many (1:M) system where each SL-UE transmits to any other SL-UE in the group. In some cases, base station 102 facilitates the scheduling of resources for sidelink communication. In other cases, sidelink communication occurs between SL-UEs without the involvement of base station 102.

[0043]

[0052] In one embodiment, the sidelink 160 may operate over a wireless communication medium of interest, which may be shared with other vehicles and / or infrastructure access points, as well as with other wireless communications between other RATs. The “medium” may consist of one or more time, frequency, and / or spatial communication resources (e.g., encompassing one or more channels across one or more carriers) related to wireless communications between one or more transmitter / receiver pairs. In one embodiment, the medium of interest may correspond to at least a portion of an unlicensed frequency band shared among various RATs. While different licensed frequency bands are reserved for certain communication systems (e.g., by government agencies such as the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) in the United States), these systems, particularly those employing small cell access points, have recently extended their operation to unlicensed frequency bands, such as the unlicensed National Information Infrastructure (U-NII) band used by wireless local area network (WLAN) technology, most notably the IEEE 802.11x WLAN technology commonly known as “Wi-Fi®”. This type of exemplary system includes different variations such as CDMA systems, TDMA systems, FDMA systems, orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA) systems, and single-carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA) systems.

[0044]

[0053] Figure 1 shows only two of the UEs (i.e., UE164 and UE182) as SL-UEs, but it should be noted that any of the illustrated UEs could be SL-UEs. Furthermore, although only UE182 is described as being capable of beamforming, any of the illustrated UEs, including UE164, could be capable of beamforming. If SL-UEs are capable of beamforming, they can beamform toward each other (i.e., toward other SL-UEs), toward other UEs (e.g., UE104), toward base stations (e.g., base stations 102, 180, small cell 102', access point 150), etc. Therefore, in some cases, UE164 and 182 could utilize beamforming via sidelink 160.

[0045]

[0054] In the example in Figure 1, any of the illustrated UEs (shown in Figure 1 as a single UE104 for simplicity) may receive a signal 124 from one or more Earth-orbiting space vehicles (SVs) 112 (e.g., satellites). In one embodiment, the SVs 112 may be part of a satellite positioning system that the UEs 104 can use as an independent source of location information. A satellite positioning system generally includes a system of transmitters arranged to enable a receiver (e.g., the UEs 104) to determine the receiver's location on or above the Earth based at least in part on a positioning signal (e.g., signal 124) received from a transmitter (e.g., the SVs 112). Such transmitters generally transmit signals marked with a set number of repeating pseudo-random noise (PN) codes. While generally located in the SVs 112, the transmitters may sometimes be located on a ground-based control station, base station 102, and / or other UEs 104. The UEs 104 may include one or more dedicated receivers specifically designed to receive the signal 124 for deriving geolocation information from the SVs 112.

[0046]

[0055] In satellite positioning systems, the use of signal 124 can be augmented by various satellite-based augmentation systems (SBAS) that are associated with or enabled for use with one or more global and / or regional navigation satellite systems. For example, an SBAS may include (one or more) augmentation systems that provide integrity information, differential corrections, etc., such as a Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS), European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service (EGNOS), Multi-functional Satellite Augmentation System (MSAS), or GPS-Aided Geo Augmented Navigation or GPS and Geo Augmented Navigation system (GAGAN). Therefore, the satellite positioning systems used herein may include any combination of one or more global and / or regional navigation satellites associated with one or more such satellite positioning systems.

[0047]

[0056] In one embodiment, SV112 may, as an addition or alternative, be part of one or more non-terrestrial networks (NTN). In an NTN, SV112 is connected to an earth station (also called a ground station, NTN gateway, or gateway), which is connected to an element in the 5G network, such as a network node in a modified base station 102 (without a terrestrial antenna) or 5GC. This element will provide access to other elements in the 5G network and, ultimately, to entities outside the 5G network, such as internet web servers and other user devices. In this way, UE104 may receive communication signals from SV112 (e.g., signal 124) in place of, or in addition to, communication signals from terrestrial base station 102.

[0048]

[0057] The wireless communication system 100 may further include one or more UEs, such as UE 190, which are indirectly connected to one or more communication networks via one or more device-to-device (D2D) peer-to-peer (P2P) links (called “sidelinks”). In the example in Figure 1, UE 190 has a D2D P2P link 192 with one of UEs 104 connected to one of base stations 102 (through which UE 190 can indirectly obtain cellular connectivity), and a D2D P2P link 194 with a WLAN STA 152 connected to a WLAN AP 150 (through which UE 190 can indirectly obtain WLAN-based internet connectivity). In one example, D2D P2P links 192 and 194 may be supported using any well-known D2D RAT, such as LTE Direct (LTE-D), WiFi Direct® (WiFi®-D), or Bluetooth®.

[0049]

[0058] Figure 2A shows an exemplary wireless network structure 200. For example, 5GC210 (also called Next Generation Core (NGC)) can be functionally considered as control plane (C-plane) functions 214 (e.g., UE registration, authentication, network access, gateway selection, etc.) and user plane (U-plane) functions 212 (e.g., UE gateway functions, access to data networks, IP routing, etc.), working collaboratively to form the core network. User plane interface (NG-U) 213 and control plane interface (NG-C) 215 connect gNB222 to 5GC210, in particular to user plane functions 212 and control plane functions 214, respectively. In an additional configuration, ng-eNB224 may also be connected to 5GC210 via NG-C215 to control plane functions 214 and NG-U213 to user plane functions 212. Furthermore, ng-eNB224 may communicate directly with gNB222 via backhaul connection 223. In some configurations, the next-generation RAN (NG-RAN) 220 may have one or more gNB222s, while other configurations may include one or more of both ng-eNB224 and gNB222. Either (or both) of the gNB222 or ng-eNB224 may communicate with one or more UE204s (e.g., any of the UEs described herein).

[0050]

[0059] Another optional aspect may include a location server 230, which may communicate with the 5GC210 to provide location assistance to (one or more) UE204. The location server 230 may be implemented as multiple separate servers (e.g., physically separate servers, different software modules on a single server, different software modules spread across multiple physical servers, etc.) or alternatively, each corresponding to a single server. The location server 230 may be configured to support one or more location services for UE204 that can connect to the location server 230 via the core network, the 5GC210, and / or the internet (not shown). Furthermore, the location server 230 may be integrated into the core network components or alternatively located outside the core network (e.g., a third-party server, such as an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) server or service server).

[0051]

[0060] Figure 2B shows another exemplary wireless network structure 250. 5GC260 (which may correspond to 5GC210 in Figure 2A) can functionally be considered as control plane functions provided by the Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) 264 and user plane functions provided by the User Plane Function (UPF) 262, working collaboratively to form the core network (i.e., 5GC260). The functions of AMF264 include registration management, connection management, reachability management, mobility management, lawful interception, transport for session management (SM) messages between one or more UE204 (e.g., any of the UEs described herein) and Session Management Function (SMF) 266, transparent proxy services for routing SM messages, access authentication and access permission, transport for short message service (SMS) messages between UE204 and Short Message Service Function (SMSF) (not shown), and security anchor function (SEAF). The AMF264 also interacts with the Authentication Server Function (AUSF) (not shown) and the UE204, and receives the intermediate key established as a result of the UE204 authentication process. In the case of authentication based on the UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) Subscriber Identification Module (USIM), the AMF264 retrieves security information from the AUSSF. The AMF264's functions also include Security Context Management (SCM). The SCM receives a key from the SEAF that it uses to derive an access network-specific key. The AMF264's functions also include location service management for regulatory services, transport for location service messages between the UE204 and the Location Management Function (LMF) 270 (acting as a location server 230), transport for location service messages between the NG-RAN 220 and the LMF270, EPS bearer identifier allocation for interaction with the Advanced Packet System (EPS), and UE204 mobility event notification.Furthermore, the AMF264 also supports features for non-3GPP® (Third Generation Partnership Project) access networks.

[0052]

[0061] The functions of UPF262 include (when applicable) acting as an anchor point for intra-RAT mobility, acting as an external protocol data unit (PDU) session point for interconnection to a data network (not shown), providing packet routing and forwarding, packet inspection, user plane policy rule enforcement (e.g., gating, redirection, traffic steering), lawful interception (user plane collection), traffic usage reporting, quality of service (QoS) handling for the user plane (e.g., uplink / downlink rate enforcement, reflective QoS marking on the downlink), uplink traffic verification (service data flow (SDF) versus QoS flow mapping), transport level packet marking on the uplink and downlink, downlink packet buffering and downlink data notification triggering, and sending and forwarding one or more “termination markers” to the source RAN node. UPF262 may also support the forwarding of location service messages over the user plane between UE204 and location servers such as SLP272.

[0053]

[0062] The functions of the SMF266 ​​include session management, UE Internet Protocol (IP) address allocation and management, selection and control of user plane functions, configuration of traffic steering in the UPF262 for routing traffic to appropriate destinations, policy enforcement and some QoS control, and downlink data notification. The interface through which the SMF266 ​​communicates with the AMF264 is called the N11 interface.

[0054]

[0063] Another optional embodiment may include an LMF270 that may communicate with 5GC260 to provide location assistance to UE204. LMF270 may be implemented as multiple separate servers (e.g., physically separate servers, different software modules on a single server, different software modules spread across multiple physical servers, etc.) or alternatively, each corresponding to a single server. LMF270 may be configured to support one or more location services for UE204 that can connect to LMF270 via the core network, 5GC260, and / or via the internet (not shown). The SLP272 may support similar functionality to the LMF270, but the LMF270 can communicate with the AMF264, NG-RAN220, and UE204 on the control plane (for example, using interfaces and protocols intended to transmit signaling messages rather than voice or data), while the SLP272 can communicate with the UE204 and external clients (e.g., third-party server 274) on the user plane (for example, using protocols intended to carry voice and / or data, such as Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and / or IP).

[0055]

[0064] Another optional aspect may include a third-party server 274 that may communicate with the LMF270, SLP272, 5GC260 (e.g., via AMF264 and / or UPF262), NG-RAN220, and / or UE204 to obtain location information (e.g., location estimates) for the UE204. Thus, in some cases, the third-party server 274 may be referred to as a Location Services (LCS) client or external client. The third-party server 274 may be implemented as multiple separate servers (e.g., physically separate servers, different software modules on a single server, different software modules spread across multiple physical servers, etc.) or alternatively, each may correspond to a single server.

[0056]

[0065] The user plane interface 263 and the control plane interface 265 connect the 5GC260, in particular the UPF262 and AMF264, respectively, to one or more gNB222 and / or ng-eNB224 in the NG-RAN220. The interface between (one or more) gNB222 and / or (one or more) ng-eNB224 and the AMF264 is called the "N2" interface, and the interface between (one or more) gNB222 and / or (one or more) ng-eNB224 and the UPF262 is called the "N3" interface. The (one or more) gNB222 and / or (one or more) ng-eNB224 in the NG-RAN220 can communicate directly with each other via a backhaul connection 223 called the "Xn-C" interface. One or more of the gNB222 and / or ng-eNB224 can communicate with one or more UE204 via a wireless interface called the "Uu" interface.

[0057]

[0066] The functions of gNB222 can be divided among a gNB central unit (gNB-CU) 226, one or more gNB distributed units (gNB-DU) 228, and one or more gNB radio units (gNB-RU) 229. The gNB-CU 226 is a logical node that includes base station functions such as user data transfer, mobility control, radio access network sharing, positioning, and session management, with the exception of functions exclusively allocated to (one or more) gNB-DU 228. More specifically, the gNB-CU 226 generally hosts the radio resource control (RRC), service data adaptive protocol (SDAP), and packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) of gNB222. The gNB-DU 228 is generally a logical node that hosts the radio link control (RLC) layer and medium access control (MAC) layer of gNB222. Its operation is controlled by the gNB-CU 226. A single gNB-DU228 can support one or more cells, and a single cell is supported by only one gNB-DU228. Interface 232 between the gNB-CU226 and one or more gNB-DU228s is called the "F1" interface. The physical (PHY) layer functions of the gNB222 are generally hosted by one or more standalone gNB-RU229s that perform functions such as power amplification and signal transmission / reception. The interface between the gNB-DU228 and the gNB-RU229 is called the "Fx" interface. Thus, the UE204 communicates with the gNB-CU226 via the RRC layer, the SDAP layer, and the PDCP layer; with the gNB-DU228 via the RLC layer and the MAC layer; and with the gNB-RU229 via the PHY layer.

[0058]

[0067] Figures 3A, 3B, and 3C show several exemplary components (represented by corresponding blocks) that may be incorporated into UE 302 (which may correspond to any of the UEs described herein), base station 304 (which may correspond to any of the base stations described herein), and network entity 306 (which may correspond to or perform any of the network functions described herein, including location server 230 and LMF 270, or alternatively, may be unrelated to the NG-RAN220 and / or 5GC210 / 260 infrastructure shown in Figures 2A and 2B, such as a private network) to support the file transmission operations taught herein. It will be understood that these components may be implemented in different types of devices in different implementation forms (e.g., in ASICs, in system-on-chip (SoCs), etc.). The illustrated components may also be incorporated into other devices in the communication system. For example, other devices in the system may include similar components to those described to provide similar functionality. Also, a given device may include one or more of the components. For example, the device may include multiple transceiver components that enable the device to operate on multiple carriers and / or communicate using different technologies.

[0059]

[0068] UE302 and base station304 each include one or more wireless wide area network (WWAN) transceivers 310 and 350, respectively, and provide means (e.g., means for transmitting, means for receiving, means for measuring, means for adjusting, means for refraining from transmitting, etc.) for communicating over one or more wireless communication networks (not shown), such as NR networks, LTE networks, and GSM networks. WWAN transceivers 310 and 350 may each be connected to one or more antennas 316 and 356, respectively, for communicating with other network nodes such as other UEs, access points, and base stations (e.g., eNBs, gNBs) over at least one designated RAT (e.g., NR, LTE, GSM, etc.) over the wireless communication medium (e.g., some set of time / frequency resources in a particular frequency spectrum). The WWAN transceivers 310 and 350 can be configured in various ways, respectively, to transmit and encode signals 318 and 358 (e.g., messages, instructions, information, etc.) according to a specified RAT, and conversely, to receive and decode signals 318 and 358 (e.g., messages, instructions, information, pilots, etc.). In particular, the WWAN transceivers 310 and 350 each include one or more transmitters 314 and 354, respectively, for transmitting and encoding signals 318 and 358, and one or more receivers 312 and 352, respectively, for receiving and decoding signals 318 and 358.

[0060]

[0069] UE 302 and base station 304 also each include, in at least some cases, one or more short-range wireless transceivers 320 and 360, respectively. The short-range wireless transceivers 320 and 360 are each connected to one or more antennas 326 and 366 and may provide means for communicating with other network nodes such as other UEs, access points, and base stations via at least one designated RAT (e.g., WiFi, LTE-D, Bluetooth, Zigbee®, Z-Wave®, PC5, dedicated short-range communications (DSRC), wireless access for vehicular environments (WAVE), near-field communications (NFC), etc.) on the wireless communication medium (e.g., means for transmitting, means for receiving, means for measuring, means for adjusting, means for refraining from transmitting, etc.). Short-range wireless transceivers 320 and 360 can be configured in various ways, respectively, to transmit and encode signals 328 and 368 (e.g., messages, instructions, information, etc.) according to a specified RAT, and conversely, to receive and decode signals 328 and 368 (e.g., messages, instructions, information, pilots, etc.), respectively. In particular, short-range wireless transceivers 320 and 360 each include one or more transmitters 324 and 364, respectively, for transmitting and encoding signals 328 and 368, and one or more receivers 322 and 362, respectively, for receiving and decoding signals 328 and 368. As a specific example, short-range wireless transceivers 320 and 360 may be WiFi transceivers, Bluetooth transceivers, Zigbee and / or Z-Wave® transceivers, NFC transceivers, or vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and / or vehicle-to-anything (V2X) transceivers.

[0061]

[0070] UE302 and base station 304 also include, in at least some cases, satellite signal receivers 330 and 370. Satellite signal receivers 330 and 370 may be connected to one or more antennas 336 and 376, respectively, and may provide means for receiving and / or measuring satellite positioning / communication signals 338 and 378, respectively. If satellite signal receivers 330 and 370 are satellite positioning system receivers, the satellite positioning / communication signals 338 and 378 may be Global Positioning System (GPS) signals, Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS) signals, Galileo signals, Beidou signals, Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (NAVIC), Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS), etc. If satellite signal receivers 330 and 370 are non-terrestrial network (NTN) receivers, the satellite positioning / communication signals 338 and 378 may be communication signals originating from a 5G network (e.g., carrying control data and / or user data). Satellite signal receivers 330 and 370 may be equipped with any suitable hardware and / or software for receiving and processing satellite positioning / communication signals 338 and 378, respectively. Satellite signal receivers 330 and 370 may request information and operations from other systems as appropriate and, in at least some cases, perform calculations to determine the locations of UE 302 and base station 304, respectively, using measurements obtained by any suitable satellite positioning system algorithm.

[0062]

[0071] Each base station 304 and network entity 306 each include one or more network transceivers 380 and 390, respectively, and provide means (e.g., means for transmitting, means for receiving, etc.) for communicating with other network entities (e.g., other base stations 304, other network entities 306). For example, base station 304 may employ one or more network transceivers 380 to communicate with other base stations 304 or network entities 306 via one or more wired or wireless backhaul links. As another example, network entity 306 may employ one or more network transceivers 390 to communicate with one or more base stations 304 via one or more wired or wireless backhaul links, or to communicate with other network entities 306 via one or more wired or wireless core network interfaces.

[0063]

[0072] Transceivers may be configured to communicate over wired or wireless links. Whether wired or wireless, a transceiver includes a transmitter circuit (e.g., transmitters 314, 324, 354, 364) and a receiver circuit (e.g., receivers 312, 322, 352, 362). The transmitter may be an integrated device in some implementations (e.g., implemented as transmitter and receiver circuits in a single device), in some implementations it may have separate transmitter and receiver circuits, or in other implementations it may be implemented in other ways. The transmitter and receiver circuits of a wired transceiver (e.g., network transceivers 380 and 390 in some implementations) may be coupled to one or more wired network interface ports. Wireless transmitter circuits (e.g., transmitters 314, 324, 354, 364) may include or be coupled to multiple antennas, such as antenna arrays (e.g., antennas 316, 326, 356, 366), enabling each device (e.g., UE 302, base station 304) to perform transmit beamforming. Similarly, wireless receiver circuits (e.g., receivers 312, 322, 352, 362) may include or be coupled to multiple antennas, such as antenna arrays (e.g., antennas 316, 326, 356, 366), enabling each device (e.g., UE 302, base station 304) to perform receive beamforming. In one embodiment, the transmitter circuits and receiver circuits may share the same multiple antennas (e.g., antennas 316, 326, 356, 366), so that each device can perform either receive or transmit only at a given time, rather than both receiving and transmitting simultaneously. Wireless transceivers (e.g., WWAN transceivers 310 and 350, short-range wireless transceivers 320 and 360) may also include network listening modules (NLMs) for performing various measurements.

[0064]

[0073] The various wireless transceivers used herein (e.g., transceivers 310, 320, 350, and 360 in some implementations, as well as network transceivers 380 and 390) and wired transceivers (e.g., network transceivers 380 and 390 in some implementations) can generally be characterized as “transceivers,” “at least one transceiver,” or “one or more transceivers.” Thus, whether a particular transceiver is a wired transceiver or a wireless transceiver can be inferred from the type of communication being performed. For example, backhaul communication between network devices or servers generally involves signaling via wired transceivers, while wireless communication between a UE (e.g., UE 302) and a base station (e.g., base station 304) generally involves signaling via wireless transceivers.

[0065]

[0074] The UE 302, the base station 304, and the network entity 306 also include other components that may be used in conjunction with the operations disclosed herein. The UE 302, the base station 304, and the network entity 306 each include one or more processors 332, 384, and 394, for example, to provide functions related to wireless communication and to provide other processing functions. The processors 332, 384, and 394 may therefore provide means for processing, such as means for determining, means for calculating, means for receiving, means for transmitting, and means for directing. In one embodiment, the processors 332, 384, and 394 may include, for example, one or more general-purpose processors, multi-core processors, central processing units (CPUs), ASICs, digital signal processors (DSPs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), other programmable logic devices or processing circuits, or various combinations thereof.

[0066]

[0075] The UE302, the base station 304, and the network entity 306 each include memory circuits that implement memories 340, 386, and 396, respectively (including, for example, memory devices, each) for maintaining information (e.g., information indicating reserved resources, thresholds, parameters, etc.). Memories 340, 386, and 396 can therefore provide means for storing, retrieving, maintaining, etc. In some cases, the UE302, the base station 304, and the network entity 306 may each include positioning components 342, 388, and 398. Positioning components 342, 388, and 398 may be hardware circuits that, when executed, cause the UE302, the base station 304, and the network entity 306 to perform the functions described herein, either as part of or coupled to processors 332, 384, and 394, respectively. In other embodiments, positioning components 342, 388, and 398 may be external to processors 332, 384, and 394 (e.g., as part of a modem processing system, integrated with another processing system, etc.). Alternatively, positioning components 342, 388, and 398 may be memory modules stored in memory 340, 386, and 396, respectively, which, when executed by processors 332, 384, and 394 (or a modem processing system, another processing system, etc.), cause the UE 302, base station 304, and network entity 306 to perform the functions described herein. Figure 3A shows possible locations for positioning component 342, which may be part of, for example, one or more WWAN transceivers 310, memory 340, one or more processors 332, or any combination thereof, or may be a standalone component. Figure 3B shows possible locations for the positioning component 388, which may be part of, for example, one or more WWAN transceivers 350, memory 386, one or more processors 384, or any combination thereof, or it may be a standalone component.Figure 3C shows possible locations for the positioning component 398, which may be part of, for example, one or more network transceivers 390, a memory 396, one or more processors 394, or any combination thereof, or it may be a standalone component.

[0067]

[0076] UE302 may include one or more sensors 344 coupled to one or more processors 332 to provide means for sensing or detecting motion and / or orientation information that is independent of motion data derived from signals received by one or more WWAN transceivers 310, one or more short-range wireless transceivers 320, and / or satellite signal receivers 330. For example, one or more sensors 344 may include accelerometers (e.g., microelectromechanical system (MEMS) devices), gyroscopes, geomagnetic sensors (e.g., compasses), altimeters (e.g., barometric altimeters), and / or any other type of motion detection sensor. Furthermore, one or more sensors 344 may include multiple different types of devices and combine their outputs to provide motion information. For example, one or more sensors 344 may use a combination of a multi-axis accelerometer and an orientation sensor to provide the ability to calculate position in a two-dimensional (2D) and / or three-dimensional (3D) coordinate system.

[0068]

[0077] Furthermore, UE302 includes a user interface 346 that provides means for providing instructions to the user (e.g., audible and / or visual instructions) and / or means for receiving user input (e.g., when a sensing device such as a keypad, touchscreen, or microphone is activated). Although not shown, base stations 304 and network entities 306 may also include user interfaces.

[0069]

[0078] Referring more specifically to one or more processors 384, in the downlink, IP packets from network entity 306 may be provided to processor 384. One or more processors 384 may implement functions for the RRC layer, the Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer, the Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, and the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer. One or more processors 384 may provide RRC layer functions related to broadcasting system information (e.g., Master Information Block (MIB), System Information Block (SIB)), RRC connection control (e.g., RRC connection paging, RRC connection establishment, RRC connection modification, and RRC connection release), inter-RAT mobility, and measurement configuration for UE measurement reporting; PDCP layer functions related to header compression / decompression, security (encryption, decryption, integrity protection, integrity verification), and handover support functions; RLC layer functions related to the transfer of upper layer PDUs, error correction via automatic retransmission requests (ARQ), concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC service data units (SDUs), resegmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functions related to mapping between logical channels and transport channels, scheduling information reporting, error correction, priority handling, and logical channel prioritization.

[0070]

[0079] The transmitter 354 and receiver 352 may implement Layer 1 (L1) functions related to various signal processing functions. Layer 1, including the physical (PHY) layer, may include error detection on the transport channel, forward error correction (FEC) coding / decoding of the transport channel, interleaving, rate matching, mapping to the physical channel, modulation / demodulation of the physical channel, and MIMO antenna processing. The transmitter 354 handles mapping to signal constellations based on various modulation schemes (e.g., two-phase-shift keying (BPSK), four-phase-shift keying (QPSK), M-phase-shift keying (M-PSK), multi-level quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM)). Coded and modulated symbols can then be split into parallel streams. Each stream can then be mapped to an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) subcarrier to generate a physical channel that carries a time-domain OFDM symbol stream, multiplexed with a reference signal (e.g., a pilot) in the time and / or frequency domains, and then synthesized with each other using an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT). The OFDM symbol stream is spatially precoded to generate multiple spatial streams. Channel estimates from a channel estimator can be used to determine the coding and modulation scheme, as well as for spatial processing. Channel estimates can be derived from the reference signal and / or channel state feedback transmitted by UE302. Each spatial stream can then be supplied to one or more different antennas 356. Transmitter 354 can modulate RF carriers on each spatial stream for transmission.

[0071]

[0080] In UE302, receiver 312 receives signals through its respective (one or more) antennas 316. Receiver 312 reconstructs the information modulated on the RF carrier and provides this information to one or more processors 332. Transmitter 314 and receiver 312 implement Layer 1 functions related to various signal processing functions. Receiver 312 may perform spatial processing on the information to reconstruct the spatial streams destined for UE302. If multiple spatial streams are destined for UE302, they can be combined into a single OFDM symbol stream by receiver 312. Receiver 312 then uses a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to convert the OFDM symbol stream from the time domain to the frequency domain. The frequency domain signal has a separate OFDM symbol stream for each subcarrier of the OFDM signal. The symbols on each subcarrier and the reference signal are reconstructed and demodulated by determining the most likely signal constellation point transmitted by base station 304. These soft decisions are obtained based on channel estimates calculated by a channel estimator. The soft decisions are then decoded and deinterleaved to reconstruct the data and control signals initially transmitted by the base station 304 on the physical channel. The data and control signals are then provided to one or more processors 332 implementing Layer 3 (L3) and Layer 2 (L2) functions.

[0072]

[0081] In the uplink, one or more processors 332 provide demultiplexing between the transport channel and logical channel, packet reassembly, decoding, header reconstruction, and control signal processing to reconstruct IP packets from the core network. One or more processors 332 are also responsible for error detection.

[0073]

[0082] Similar to the functions described with respect to downlink transmission by base station 304, one or more processors 332 provide RRC layer functions related to system information (e.g., MIB, SIB) acquisition, RRC connection, and measurement reporting; PDCP layer functions related to header compression / decompression and security (encryption, decryption, integrity protection, integrity verification); RLC layer functions related to the transfer of upper layer PDUs, error correction via ARQ, concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC SDUs, resegmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functions related to mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing MAC SDUs onto transport blocks (TBs), demultiplexing MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction via hybrid automatic retransmission requests (HARQs), priority handling, and logical channel prioritization.

[0074]

[0083] The channel estimate derived by the channel estimator from a reference signal or feedback transmitted by the base station 304 may be used by the transmitter 314 to select an appropriate coding and modulation scheme and to enable spatial processing. The spatial stream generated by the transmitter 314 may be supplied to (one or more) different antennas 316. The transmitter 314 may modulate the RF carrier in each spatial stream for transmission.

[0075]

[0084] Uplink transmission is processed at base station 304 in a manner similar to that described with respect to the receiver function in UE302. Receiver 352 receives the signal through its respective (one or more) antennas 356. Receiver 352 reconstructs the information modulated on the RF carrier and provides this information to one or more processors 384.

[0076]

[0085] In the uplink, one or more processors 384 provide demultiplexing between the transport channel and logical channel, packet reassembly, decoding, header reconstruction, and control signal processing to reconstruct IP packets from the UE302. IP packets from one or more processors 384 can be delivered to the core network. One or more processors 384 are also responsible for error detection.

[0077]

[0086] For convenience, the UE302, base station 304, and / or network entity 306 are shown in Figures 3A, 3B, and 3C as including various components that may be configured according to the various examples described herein. However, it should be understood that the illustrated components may have different functions in different designs. In particular, the various components in Figures 3A to 3C are optional in alternative configurations, and various embodiments include configurations in which the configuration may vary depending on design choices, cost, device usage, or other considerations. For example, in Figure 3A, a particular implementation of the UE302 may omit (one or more) WWAN transceivers 310 (e.g., a wearable device or tablet computer or PC or laptop may have Wi-Fi and / or Bluetooth capabilities without cellular capabilities), or omit (one or more) short-range wireless transceivers 320 (e.g., cellular only), or omit the satellite signal receiver 330, or omit (one or more) sensors 344, and so on. In another example, in Figure 3B, a particular implementation of the base station 304 may omit (one or more) WWAN transceivers 350 (e.g., a Wi-Fi "hotspot" access point without cellular capabilities), or (one or more) short-range wireless transceivers 360 (e.g., cellular only), or the satellite signal receiver 370, and so on. For the sake of brevity, descriptions of various alternative configurations are not provided herein, but will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art.

[0078]

[0087] Various components of UE302, base station 304, and network entity 306 can be coupled to each other in a communicative manner via data buses 334, 382, ​​and 392, respectively. In one embodiment, data buses 334, 382, ​​and 392 may form or be part of the communication interfaces of UE302, base station 304, and network entity 306, respectively. For example, if different logical entities are implemented in the same device (e.g., gNB functionality and location server functionality integrated into the same base station 304), data buses 334, 382, ​​and 392 may provide communication between them.

[0079]

[0088] The components in Figures 3A, 3B, and 3C can be implemented in various ways. In some implementations, the components in Figures 3A, 3B, and 3C can be implemented in one or more circuits, such as one or more processors and / or one or more ASICs (which may include one or more processors). Here, each circuit may use and / or incorporate at least one memory component for storing information or executable code used by the circuit to provide the functionality. For example, some or all of the functionality represented by blocks 310-346 can be implemented by the processor and (one or more) memory components of UE302 (for example, by the execution of appropriate code and / or by the appropriate configuration of the processor components). Similarly, some or all of the functionality represented by blocks 350-388 can be implemented by the processor and (one or more) memory components of base station 304 (for example, by the execution of appropriate code and / or by the appropriate configuration of the processor components). Furthermore, some or all of the functions represented by blocks 390-398 may be implemented by the processor and (one or more) memory components of the network entity 306 (for example, by the execution of appropriate code and / or by appropriate configuration of the processor components). For simplicity, various operations, actions, and / or functions are described herein as being performed “by the UE,” “by the base station,” “by the network entity,” etc. However, as should be understood, such operations, actions, and / or functions may actually be performed by specific components or combinations of components such as the UE 302, base station 304, and network entity 306, including processors 332, 384, 394, transceivers 310, 320, 350, and 360, memories 340, 386, and 396, positioning components 342, 388, and 398.

[0080]

[0089] In some designs, network entity 306 may be implemented as a core network component. In other designs, network entity 306 may be separate from the network operator or operation of the cellular network infrastructure (e.g., NG RAN220 and / or 5GC 210 / 260). For example, network entity 306 may be a component of a private network that can be configured to communicate with UE 302 via base station 304 or independently of base station 304 (e.g., via a non-cellular communication link such as WiFi).

[0081]

[0090] NR supports several cellular network-based positioning techniques, including downlink-based positioning methods, uplink-based positioning methods, and downlink and uplink-based positioning methods. Downlink-based positioning methods include Observed Time of Arrival (OTDOA) in LTE, Downlink Time of Arrival (DL-TDOA) in NR, and Downlink Departure Angle (DL-AoD) in NR. In the OTDOA or DL-TDOA positioning procedure, the UE measures the difference between the Time of Arrival (ToA) of a reference signal (e.g., positioning reference signal (PRS)) received from a pair of base stations, called Reference Signal Time Difference (RSTD) or Time of Arrival (TDOA) measurement, and reports them to the positioning entity. More specifically, the UE receives identifiers (IDs) of a reference base station (e.g., serving base station) and several non-reference base stations in the supporting data. The UE then measures the RSTD between each of the reference base station and the non-reference base stations. Based on the known locations of the base stations involved and the RSTD measurements, a positioning entity (e.g., a UE for UE-based positioning or a location server for UE-assisted positioning) can estimate the location of the UE.

[0082]

[0091] In DL-AoD positioning, the positioning entity uses measurement reports from the UE of received signal intensity measurements of multiple downlink transmit beams to determine one or more angles between the UE and one or more transmitting base stations. The positioning entity can then estimate the location of the UE based on one or more determined angles and one or more known locations of the one or more transmitting base stations.

[0083]

[0092] Uplink-based positioning methods include the uplink time-to-arrival difference (UL-TDOA) and the uplink angle-to-arrival (UL-AoA). UL-TDOA is similar to DL-TDOA but is based on uplink reference signals (e.g., sounding reference signals (SRS)) transmitted by the UE to multiple base stations. Specifically, the UE transmits one or more uplink reference signals measured by a reference base station and multiple non-reference base stations. Each base station then reports the reception time of the reference signal (called the relative time of arrival (RTOA)) to a positioning entity (e.g., a location server) that knows the locations and relative timings of the base stations involved. Based on the reception-to-reception (Rx-Rx) time difference between the reference base station's reported RTOA and each non-reference base station's reported RTOA, the known locations of the base stations, and their known timing offsets, the positioning entity can use the TDOA to estimate the UE's location.

[0084]

[0093] In UL-AoA positioning, one or more base stations measure the received signal strength of one or more uplink reference signals (e.g., SRS) received from the UE on one or more uplink receiving beams. The positioning entity uses the signal strength measurement and the angles of the receiving beams to determine one or more angles between the UE and the base stations. Based on the determined angles and the known locations of the base stations, the positioning entity can then estimate the location of the UE.

[0085]

[0094] Downlink and uplink-based positioning methods include Extended Cell ID (E-CID) positioning and multi-round-trip time (RTT) positioning (also known as "multi-cell RTT" and "multi-RTT"). In the RTT procedure, a first entity (e.g., a base station or UE) transmits a first RTT-related signal (e.g., a PRS or SRS) to a second entity (e.g., a UE or base station), and the second entity replies with a second RTT-related signal (e.g., a SRS or PRS) to the first entity. Each entity measures the time difference between the time of arrival (ToA) of the received RTT-related signal and the time of transmission of the transmitted RTT-related signal. This time difference is called the receive-transmit (Rx-Tx) time difference. The Rx-Tx time difference measurement may be made to include only the time difference between the nearest slot boundaries for the received and transmitted signals, or it may be adjusted accordingly. Both entities can then send their Rx-Tx time difference measurements to a location server (e.g., LMF270), which calculates the round-trip propagation time (i.e., RTT) between the two entities from the two Rx-Tx time difference measurements (e.g., as the sum of the two Rx-Tx time difference measurements). Alternatively, one entity can send its Rx-Tx time difference measurement to the other entity, which then calculates the RTT. The distance between the two entities can be determined from the RTT and a known signal speed (e.g., the speed of light). In the case of multi-RTT positioning, the first entity (e.g., a UE or base station) performs an RTT positioning procedure with multiple second entities (e.g., multiple base stations or UEs) to allow the location of the first entity to be determined based on the distance to the second entity and the known location of the second entity (e.g., using multilateration). RTT and multi-RTT methods can be combined with other positioning techniques, such as UL-AoA and DL-AoD, to improve location accuracy.

[0086]

[0095] The E-CID positioning method is based on Radio Resource Management (RRM) measurements. In E-CID, the UE reports the serving cell ID, timing advance (TA), and the identifier, estimated timing, and signal strength of the detected neighbor base station. The UE's location is then estimated based on this information and the known locations of (one or more) base stations.

[0087]

[0096] To assist positioning operations, location servers (e.g., location servers 230, LMF270, SLP272) may provide support data to the UE. For example, the support data may include the identifier of the base station (or base station cell / TRP) from which the reference signal should be measured, reference signal configuration parameters (e.g., the number of consecutive slots containing the PRS, the periodicity of the consecutive slots containing the PRS, the muting sequence, the frequency hopping sequence, the reference signal identifier, the reference signal bandwidth, etc.), and / or other parameters applicable to a particular positioning method. Alternatively, the support data may originate directly from the base station itself (e.g., in periodically broadcast overhead messages). In some cases, the UE may be able to discover neighbor network nodes on its own without using support data.

[0088]

[0097] For OTDOA or DL-TDOA positioning procedures, the supporting data may further include the expected RSTD value and associated uncertainty, or a search window around the expected RSTD. In some cases, the expected RSTD value range may be + / -500 microseconds (μs). In some cases, when any of the resources used for positioning measurements are in FR1, the expected RSTD uncertainty value range may be + / -32 μs. In other cases, when all (one or more) of the resources used for positioning measurements are in FR2, the expected RSTD uncertainty value range may be + / -8 μs.

[0089]

[0098] Location estimates may also be called by other names such as location estimate, location, position, position fix, or fix. A location estimate may be geodetic and comprise coordinates (e.g., latitude, longitude, and possibly altitude), or it may be urban and comprise a place address, mailing address, or any other wording of the location. A location estimate may further be defined for some other known location, or it may be defined in absolute terms (e.g., using latitude, longitude, and possibly altitude). A location estimate may include expected error or uncertainty (e.g., by including an area or volume that the location is expected to encompass at some specified or default confidence level).

[0090]

[0099] Figure 4 is a Figure 400 showing a base station (BS) 402 (which may correspond to one of the base stations described herein) communicating with a UE 404 (which may correspond to one of the UEs described herein). Referring to Figure 4, base station 402 may transmit beamformed signals to UE 404 on one or more transmit beams 402a, 402b, 402c, 402d, 402e, 402f, 402g, 402h, each having a beam identifier that can be used by UE 404 to identify each beam. If base station 402 is beamforming toward UE 404 using a single array of antenna elements (for example, a single antenna panel corresponding to a single TRP), base station 402 may perform a "beam sweep" by transmitting a first beam 402a, then beam 402b, and so on until finally transmitting beam 402h. Alternatively, base station 402 may transmit beams 402a–402h in some pattern, such as beam 402a, then beam 402h, then beam 402b, then beam 402g, and so on. If base station 402 is beamforming toward UE404 using multiple antenna panels (e.g., multiple TRPs), each antenna panel may perform a beam sweep of a subset of beams 402a–402h. Alternatively, each of beams 402a–402h may correspond to a single antenna or antenna panel.

[0091]

[0100] UE404 can receive beamformed signals from base station 402 on one or more received beams 404a, 404b, 404c, and 404d. For simplicity, note that the beams shown in Figure 4 represent either a transmit beam or a receive beam, depending on whether base station 402 or UE404 is transmitting and receiving. Thus, UE404 can also transmit beamformed signals to base station 402 on one or more of beams 402a to 404d, and base station 402 can receive beamformed signals from UE404 on one or more of beams 404a to 402h.

[0092]

[0101] In one embodiment, base station 402 and UE404 may perform beam training to match the transmit beam and receive beam of base station 402 and UE404. For example, depending on environmental conditions and other factors, base station 402 and UE404 may determine that the best transmit beam and receive beam are 402d and 404b, respectively, or beams 402e and 404c, respectively. The direction of the best transmit beam relative to base station 402 may or may not be the same as the direction of the best receive beam, and similarly, the direction of the best receive beam relative to UE404 may or may not be the same as the direction of the best transmit beam. However, it should be noted that matching the transmit beam and receive beam is not required to perform AoD or AoA positioning procedures.

[0093]

[0102] NR currently supports DL-AoD and UL-AoA positioning, but does not support UL-AoD (angle of the uplink transmit beam used to send a reference signal to base station 402) or DL-AoA (angle of the downlink receive beam used to receive a reference signal from base station 402). However, these positioning techniques are expected to be supported in future releases of 5G NR. To perform the UL-AoD positioning procedure, UE404 may transmit an uplink reference signal (e.g., UL-PRS, SRS, DMRS, etc.) to base station 402 on one or more of the beams 404a-404d, each beam having a different weight. The different weights of the beams will result in different received signal intensities at base station 402 (e.g., RSRP, RSRQ, SINR, etc.). Furthermore, the channel impulse response will be smaller for transmit beams further from the actual line-of-sight (LOS) path 410 between base station 402 and UE404 than for transmit beams closer to the LOS path 410. Similarly, the received signal strength will be lower for transmit beams further from LOS path 410 than for transmit beams closer to LOS path 410.

[0094]

[0103] In the example in Figure 4, when UE404 transmits a reference signal to base station 402 on uplink transmit beams 404a, 404b, and 404c, transmit beam 404b may best match the LOS path 410, while transmit beams 404a and 404c may not. Therefore, beam 404b will have a stronger channel impulse response and higher received signal strength at base station 402 than beams 404a and 404c. Base station 402 can report the measured channel impulse response and received signal strength of each transmit beam 404a, 404b, and 404c to UE404 (or other positioning entity), or alternatively, it can report identification information for the transmit beam with the strongest channel impulse response and best received signal strength (beam 404b in the example in Figure 4). In either case, UE404 (or other positioning entity) can estimate the angle from itself to base station 402 as the AoD of the transmit beam having the highest received signal strength and strongest channel impulse response at base station 402, in this case the transmit beam 404b.

[0095]

[0104] In one embodiment of AoD-based positioning, base station 402 and UE404 can perform an RTT procedure to determine the distance between base station 402 and UE404. Thus, UE404 (or a location server or other positioning entity) can determine both the direction to base station 402 (using UL-AoD positioning) and the distance to base station 402 (using RTT positioning) in order to estimate the location of UE404. It should be noted that the AoD of the transmit beam having the best received signal strength and strongest channel impulse response does not necessarily lie along the LOS path 410, as shown in Figure 4. However, for the purpose of AoD-based positioning, it is assumed that it lies along the LOS path. Using UL-AoD measurements up to base station 402, knowledge of base station 402's geographical location, and optionally the distance between UE404 and base station 402 (determined using RTT), a positioning entity (UE404 or others) can estimate the location of UE404 as a determined distance from base station 402 along a determined angle.

[0096]

[0105] To perform the DL-AoA positioning procedure, base station 402 transmits a downlink reference signal (e.g., PRS, TRS, PTRS, CRS, CSI-RS, etc.) to UE404 on one or more of the downlink transmit beams 402a-402h. UE404 receives the downlink reference signal on one or more of the downlink receive beams 404a-404d. UE404 determines the best angle of the receive beams 404a-404d used to receive one or more reference signals from base station 402 as the DL-AoA from UE404 itself to base station 402. In detail, each of the receive beams 404a-404d will result in a different received signal intensity (e.g., RSRP, RSRQ, SINR, etc.) of one or more reference signals in UE404. Furthermore, the channel impulse response of one or more reference signals is smaller for the received beams 404a-404d that are further from the actual LOS path 410 between base station 402 and UE404 than for the received beams 404a-404d that are closer to the LOS path 410. Similarly, the received signal strength is lower for the received beams 404a-404d that are further from the LOS path 410 than for the received beams 404a-404d that are closer to the LOS path 410. Therefore, UE404 identifies the received beams 404a-404d that yield the best received signal strength and strongest channel impulse response, and estimates the DL-AoA of those received beams 404a-404d by the angle from UE404 itself to base station 402. Similar to AoA-based positioning, it should be noted that the AoA of the received beams 404a-404d, which yields the best received signal strength and strongest channel impulse response, does not necessarily lie along the LOS path 410. However, for the purpose of AoA-based positioning, it is assumed that it lies along the LOS path.

[0097]

[0106] Similar to the UL-AoD positioning procedure, the UE404 can also estimate the distance between itself and base station 402 by performing an RTT positioning procedure with base station 402, or more coarsely from the timing advance of the UE404. The timing advance is based roughly on the propagation delay between the base station and the UE, and therefore can provide a coarse estimate of the distance between base station 402 and UE404.

[0098]

[0107] If UE404 is estimating its location (i.e., UE is a positioning entity), it needs to obtain the geographic location of base station 402. UE404 can obtain the location from, for example, base station 402 itself or from a location server (e.g., location server 230, LMF270, SLP272). Given the distance to base station 402 (based on RTT or timing advance), the angle between UE404 and base station 402 (based on AoA of the best received beams 404a-404d), and knowledge of the known geographic location of base station 402, UE404 can estimate its location.

[0099]

[0108] Alternatively, if another positioning entity, such as base station 402 or a location server, is estimating the location of UE404, UE404 may report the DL-AoA of the received beams 404a-404d that yield the best received signal intensity and strongest channel impulse response of the reference signal received from base station 402, or the received signal intensity and channel impulse response for all received beams 404a-404d (allowing the positioning entity to determine the best received beam 404a-404d). UE404 may also report the distance to base station 402. The positioning entity can then estimate the location of UE404 based on the distance of UE404 to base station 402, the AoA of the identified received beams 404a-404d, and the known geographical location of base station 402.

[0100]

[0109] The above describes the UL-AoD positioning technique and the DL-AoA positioning technique. It should be noted that the DL-AoD (angle of the downlink transmit beam used to transmit a reference signal to UE404) positioning technique and the UL-AoA (angle of the uplink receive beam used to receive a reference signal from UE404) positioning technique are identical except that the roles of base station 402 and UE404 are reversed. These techniques are described in the current NR specification and therefore will not be described in detail here.

[0101]

[0110] Direction finding is a critical location function. Many wireless systems, including the Bluetooth 5.1 specification, the Ultra Wideband (UWB) 802.15.4z specification, the IEEE 802.11az specification (known as "Wi-Fi"), and the 5G NR Release 16 standard (the current set of 5G NR standards), provide standards support to facilitate AoA and / or AoD estimation for positioning. AoA and AoD estimation algorithms (collectively, angle estimation algorithms) are typically designed independently of the antenna type (e.g., directional vs. omnidirectional) of the devices that may utilize the algorithm (e.g., base stations and UEs). This means that the algorithms are generally designed to work with any type of antenna and any antenna configuration (e.g., the distance between antennas may differ between the UE and the base station). However, angle estimation accuracy is closely related to the antenna type and / or antenna configuration on the device. Therefore, AoA and AoD estimation algorithms can be optimized in entirely different ways, for example, for directional antennas versus omnidirectional antennas, and for antennas placed close together versus antennas placed further apart. Consequently, using a general-purpose algorithm instead of optimizing the algorithm based on antenna information can lead to a significant decrease in accuracy in angle estimation.

[0102]

[0111] This disclosure provides techniques for optimizing angle estimation algorithms by using antenna information such as antenna type, antenna configuration, antenna beamwidth, and antenna coordinates. This disclosure further proposes standard modifications to provide antenna beamwidth information for the IEEE 802.11az and 5G NR Release 17 standards (and other standards supporting angle-based measurement). This information is crucial for optimizing angle estimation algorithms, particularly AoD estimation algorithms. While the following description primarily refers to the IEEE 802.11az and 5G NR Release 17 standards, these are merely examples, and it should be noted that the techniques described herein are equally applicable to other wireless standards supporting angle-based positioning.

[0103]

[0112] To optimize the angle estimation algorithm (for AoA or AoD), the antenna type and antenna arrangement must be known for the device (e.g., base station or UE) that receives the reference signal (for AoA) or transmits the reference signal (for AoD). Referring first to the antenna type, it refers to whether the antenna is omnidirectional or directional (i.e., beamforming is possible). For an omnidirectional antenna, the beamwidth is considered to be 360 ​​degrees. For a directional antenna, the beamwidth is W degrees (less than 360 degrees). The beamwidth determines the optimal distance between the antennas of the device (i.e., the device may have multiple antennas, and those antennas are separated by a certain distance). For example, the optimal antenna spacing "D" opt " is D opt It can be given as =λ*180 / W, where λ is the wavelength of the reference signal transmitted by or received on the antenna. For an omnidirectional antenna, D opt =λ / 2 (i.e., λ*180 / 360). For a directional antenna with a beam width of 40 degrees, D opt = 4.5λ (i.e., λ * 180 / 40). For a directional antenna with a beam width of 120 degrees, D opt= 1.5λ (i.e., λ * 180 / 120).

[0104]

[0113] Referring to the antenna arrangement, the antenna arrangement means the coordinates (e.g., x, y, z) of each antenna on the device. The coordinates can specify the center point of the antenna, the length and width of the antenna, the area of the antenna, or any combination thereof. The coordinates can be relative to a fixed point on the device or relative to a reference antenna among a plurality of antennas. The device can report the coordinates of its antennas, or the type of the device (e.g., manufacturer and model), and / or the number and type of the antennas (e.g., manufacturer and model). In the latter case, the positioning entity can use a look-up table to determine the coordinates of the antennas.

[0105]

[0114] The coordinates of the antenna arrangement parameters can be used to calculate the antenna spacing between antennas. If the actual antenna spacing “D” is greater than D opt , the antenna spacing “D” can cause ambiguity in angle estimation. However, if the actual antenna spacing “D” is less than D opt , the antenna spacing “D” can reduce the angle estimation resolution. Therefore, it is preferable that the actual antenna spacing “D” is equal to the optimal antenna spacing “D opt ”. However, this is not always the case. Knowing the beam width gives D opt , and knowing the antenna coordinates gives D. If the two parameters are not equal, this information indicates whether the angle estimation algorithm needs to be designed to solve the ambiguity problem, and what angle estimation resolution can be achieved.

[0106]

[0115] Figure 5 shows an exemplary format of antenna arrangement and calibration information elements (IEs) as defined in the IEEE 802.11az standard, which a device may report for angle-based positioning purposes. In detail, Figure 5 shows two 48-bit antenna arrangement and calibration IEs for the first and last antennas of the device (where the reporting device is indicated as "N_Tx_sel" in the figure). Tx_sel (Having 1 antenna). If a device has three or more antennas (for example, a Wi-Fi client may have two omnidirectional antennas, but a Wi-Fi access point including a UE, which is also a Wi-Fi access point, may have four omnidirectional antennas), the antenna configuration and calibration IE for the other antennas will be the same as the illustrated IE. Each antenna configuration and calibration IE includes a 10-bit x-coordinate field 502, a 10-bit y-coordinate field 504, a 10-bit z-coordinate field 506, a 10-bit common phase adjustment field 508, and an 8-bit delay field 510. The UE or access point may provide this information to a positioning entity (e.g., location server 230, LMF270, SLP272) or other entity performing an angle estimation algorithm.

[0107]

[0116] The x-coordinate field 502, the y-coordinate field 504, and the z-coordinate field 506 provide the coordinates of each antenna on the device, thereby providing the antenna arrangement on the device for each antenna. However, the antenna beamwidth is not currently reported. This disclosure proposes adding a new field (for example, after the delay field 510) to report the antenna beamwidth for each antenna. Such a beamwidth field may be a 9-bit field that conveys values ​​from 1 degree to 360 degrees in 1-degree steps (increments). As another example, the beamwidth field may be 10 bits or more to further improve the angular resolution beyond 1 degree. Alternatively, if a 1-degree step resolution is not required, the beamwidth field may be less than 9 bits.

[0108]

[0117] Using the proposed antenna configuration and information from the calibration IE, the positioning entity can optimize its angle estimation algorithm based on the antenna type (assumed to be omnidirectional in the IEEE 802.11az standard) and the antenna configuration.

[0109]

[0118] To refer to positioning in 5G NR, the positioning procedure in 5G NR is modeled as an LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP) transaction. An LPP procedure consists of a single action of one of the following types: (1) exchange of positioning capability, (2) transfer of supporting data, (3) transfer of location information (positioning measurements and / or location estimates), (4) error handling, or (5) abort.

[0110]

[0119] Figure 6 shows an exemplary LPP procedure 600 between UE604 and a location server (indicated as LMF670) for performing positioning operations. As shown in Figure 6, positioning of UE604 is supported through the exchange of LPP messages between UE604 and LMF670. LPP messages may be exchanged between UE604 and LMF670 via UE604's serving base station (indicated as serving gNB602) and the core network (not shown). LPP procedure 600 may be used to position UE604 to support various location-related services, such as navigation for UE604 (or for users of UE604), or for routing, or to provide accurate location to a public safety answering point (PSAP) in relation to an emergency call from UE604 to a PSAP, or for several other reasons. LPP procedure 600 is sometimes called a positioning session, and multiple positioning sessions may exist for different types of positioning methods (e.g., Downlink Arrival Time Difference (DL-TDOA), Round Trip Time (RTT), Extended Cell Identification Information (E-CID), etc.).

[0111]

[0120] First, in step 610, UE604 may receive a request from LMF670 for its positioning capability (e.g., an LPP capability request message). In step 620, UE604 provides LMF670 with its positioning capability to the LPP protocol by sending an LPP capability provision message to LMF670 indicating the positioning methods supported by UE604 using LPP and the characteristics of these positioning methods. The capability indicated in the LPP capability provision message may, in some embodiments, indicate that UE604 supports angle-based positioning and may indicate UE604's capability to support angle-based positioning.

[0112]

[0121] Upon receiving an LPP capability provision message, the LMF670, in step 620, decides to use an angle-based positioning method (e.g., AoD or AoA) based on the indicated support of the UE604 for angle-based positioning, and determines a set of one or more transmit / receive points (TRPs) where the UE604 should measure a downlink positioning reference signal or transmit an uplink positioning reference signal. In step 630, the LMF670 sends an LPP support data provision message to the UE604 identifying the set of TRPs.

[0113]

[0122] In some implementations, the LPP support data provision message in step 630 may be sent by the LMF670 to the UE604 in response to an LPP support data request message (not shown in Figure 6) sent by the UE604 to the LMF670. The LPP support data request message may include the identifier of the serving TRP of the UE604 and a request for the positioning reference signal (PRS) configuration of the neighboring TRP.

[0114]

[0123] In stage 640, LMF670 sends a request to UE604 for location information. This request may be an LPP location information request message. This message typically includes information elements defining the location information type, the desired accuracy of the location estimate, and the response time (i.e., the desired latency). Note that low latency requirements allow for longer response times, while high latency requirements require shorter response times. However, long response times are referred to as high latency, and short response times as low latency.

[0115]

[0124] In some implementations, for example, if UE604 receives a request for location information in step 640 and then sends a request for support data to LMF670 (for example, in an LPP support data request message not shown in Figure 6), it should be noted that the LPP support data provision message sent in step 630 may be sent after the LPP location information request message in 640.

[0116]

[0125] In step 650, UE604 utilizes the support information received in step 630 and any additional data received in step 640 (e.g., desired location accuracy or maximum response time) to perform angle-based measurements (e.g., AoA and / or AoD) for an angle-based positioning method. For example, in the case of UL-AoD, UE604 may transmit an SRS to a TRP identified in the support information on the time and / or frequency resource specified by gNB602. In the case of DL-AoA, UE604 may receive a PRS from one or more TRPs identified in the support information on the time and / or frequency resource specified in the support information. UE604 may also determine the best receiving beam for receiving the PRS.

[0117]

[0126] In step 660, UE604 may send an LPP location information message to LMF670 conveying the angle-based measurements acquired in step 650, before or when any maximum response time (for example, the maximum response time provided by LMF670 in step 640) has expired. The LPP location information message in step 660 may also include some time (or more time) when the angle-based measurements were acquired and TRP identification information for the angle-based measurements. The LPP location information message may further include antenna information as described herein. Note that the time between the request for location information in 640 and the response in 660 is the "response time" and indicates the latency of the positioning session.

[0118]

[0127] In step 660, the LMF670 calculates the estimated location of the UE604 using an angle-based positioning technique, at least partially based on the measurements received in the LPP location information message.

[0119]

[0128] This disclosure provides a technique for reporting antenna configuration and beam pattern information of a UE for NR positioning. During a positioning session (for example, when a UE is expected to receive an LPP location information request message and respond with an LPP location information provision message), the UE may send its antenna configuration (in local or global coordinates) and the beam patterns of each antenna and / or each antenna panel to a location server (e.g., LMF). As further described below, the UE may also send its antenna orientation to the location server.

[0120]

[0129] As a first option, the UE may provide this information in a UE capability report (e.g., an LPP capability provision message in 610 of Figure 6). As a second option, the UE may provide this information in an assistance data request (e.g., an LPP assistance data request message, not shown in Figure 6). For example, when the UE requests assistance data, it may notify the location server of the antenna pattern (e.g., beamwidth) and antenna location (i.e., antenna arrangement) of its active antenna. For example, the UE may have two to four antennas (e.g., antenna panels), some or all of which may be active for an angle-based positioning session. As a third option, the UE may include the antenna pattern and antenna location of its active antenna in a location information message (e.g., an LPP location information provision message in 660 of Figure 6). More specifically, when the UE reports its positioning measurements, it may also notify the location server of the antenna pattern and antenna location of the antenna panels that were active when the UE performed the positioning measurements.

[0121]

[0130] In one embodiment, the UE may dynamically report antenna placement, orientation, and / or beam information for an antenna (for example, in uplink control information (UCI) or MAC control element (MAC-CE)). Alternatively, the UE may report these parameters semi-statically (for example, in RRC signaling or LPP messages). The UE may report these parameters to a serving base station, a location server (e.g., an LMF), or another UE connected to the reporting UE via a sidelink.

[0122]

[0131] The above description generally applies to both the reception of downlink reference signals at the UE from one or more base stations (for DL-AoA) and the transmission of uplink reference signals by the UE toward one or more base stations (for UL-AoD). That is, the angle-based positioning techniques mentioned above can be either DL-AoA positioning techniques or UL-AoD positioning techniques. In particular, for UL-AoD positioning techniques, boresight (i.e., direction) and beamwidth reporting may be associated separately with each SRS resource.

[0123]

[0132] More specifically, in 5G NR, the uplink positioning reference signal is generally an SRS. Therefore, the reference signal transmitted by the UE for UL-AoD positioning is an SRS. The set of resource elements used for transmitting an SRS (in 5G, a resource element consists of one OFDM symbol in the time domain and one subcarrier or tone in the frequency domain) is called an "SRS resource" and can be identified by the parameter "SRS-ResourceId". The set of resource elements can span multiple consecutive physical resource blocks (PRBs) in the frequency domain and N (e.g., one or more) consecutive symbols in a slot in the time domain. In a given OFDM symbol, the SRS resource occupies consecutive PRBs. An "SRS resource set" is a set of SRS resources used for transmitting an SRS signal and is identified by the SRS resource set ID ("SRS-ResourceSetId").

[0124]

[0133] SRS resources can correspond to uplink transmit beams. That is, an UE can transmit each SRS resource on a different uplink transmit beam. In other words, each uplink transmit beam can carry a different SRS resource. Therefore, boresite and beamwidth reporting can be associated with and reported separately for each SRS resource.

[0125]

[0134] The following parameters may be used to define the boresight and beamwidth of the SRS resource (i.e., the beam carrying the SRS resource). These parameters may be reported to the location server (e.g., LMF) via LPP as described above. For example, these parameters may be provided in an LPP support data request message or an LPP location information provision message. These parameters may be added to the antenna placement parameters described above.

[0126]

[0135] The first parameter is the SRS-Azimuth parameter. This parameter specifies the azimuth angle in the boresight direction from which the SRS resource associated with this SRS resource identifier (e.g., "SRS-ResourceId") in the SRS resource set (e.g., "SRS-ResourceSetId") is sent. The azimuth angle is measured clockwise from geographical north. The value of this parameter is reported in increments of 0.5 degrees, for example, and can range from 0 to 359.5 degrees.

[0127]

[0136] The second parameter is the SRS-Elevation parameter. This parameter specifies the elevation angle in the boresite direction from which the SRS resource associated with this SRS resource identifier in the SRS resource set is transmitted. The elevation angle is the angle between the horizontal plane and the boresite direction at the antenna reference point location, measured in the vertical plane. A positive angle indicates an upward direction above the horizontal plane, and a negative angle indicates a downward direction below the horizontal plane. If this field is not present, the boresite direction is the same along the vertical plane. The value of this parameter is reported in increments of 0.5 degrees, for example, and can range from -90 degrees to +90 degrees.

[0128]

[0137] The third parameter is the SRS-HPBW-Az parameter. This parameter specifies the half-power beam width (HPBW) in the horizontal (azimuth) plane of the beam transmitted by the SRS resource associated with this SRS resource identifier in the SRS resource set. HPBW-Az is the angle determined by the power half-power point of the main lobe in the horizontal (azimuth) plane. The value of this parameter is reported in increments of 0.5 degrees, for example, and can range from 0 to 120 degrees.

[0129]

[0138] The fourth parameter is the SRS-HPBW-El parameter. This parameter specifies the HPBW in the vertical (elevation) plane of the beam from which the SRS resource associated with this SRS resource identifier in the SRS resource set is transmitted. HPBW-El is the angle determined by the power half-maximum point of the main lobe in the vertical (elevation) plane. The value of this parameter is reported in increments of, for example, 0.5 degrees and can range from, for example, 0 to 120 degrees.

[0130]

[0139] In one embodiment, the UE can report measured / estimated / derived / calculated angular values ​​(e.g., DL-AoA, UL-AoD) to a positioning entity (e.g., a serving base station, location server 230, LMF270, SLP272, etc.) in either the UE's local coordinate system (LCS) or global coordinate system (GCS). The coordinate system is defined by the x-axis, y-axis, z-axis, spherical angles, and spherical unit vectors, as shown in Figure 7. Figure 7 shows the definitions of spherical angles and spherical unit vectors in a Cartesian coordinate system 700 according to an embodiment of this disclosure. In Figure 7, in the Cartesian coordinate system 700, θ is the zenith angle and φ is the azimuth angle. Furthermore,

[0131]

number

[0132] This is a given direction,

[0133]

number

[0134] and

[0135]

number

[0136] These are spherical basis vectors. Note that θ=0 points to the zenith and θ=90 points to the horizon.

[0137]

number

[0138] The field component in the direction is F θ Given by,

[0139]

number

[0140] The field component in the direction is F φ It is given by.

[0141]

[0140] A GCS is defined for a system comprising multiple base stations and UEs. An array antenna for a UE (or base station) may be defined in an LCS. The GCS has an absolute reference frame (for example, with respect to absolute latitude and absolute longitude), while the LCS has a relative reference frame (for example, with respect to a vehicle, base station, antenna array, etc.). The LCS is used as a reference for defining the vector far-field, i.e., pattern and polarization, of each antenna element in the array. It is assumed that the far-field is known by a formula in the LCS. The arrangement of the antenna array in the GCS is defined by a transformation between the GCS and the LCS for the antenna array. The orientation of the antenna array relative to the GCS is generally defined by a series of rotations (described in 3GPP Technical Specifications (TS) 38.900 and TS 38.901, which are published and are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety). Since this orientation is generally different from the orientation of the GCS, it is necessary to map the vector fields of the array elements from the LCS to the GCS. This mapping is dependent on the array orientation and is given by the formula in 3GPP TS38.900. Note that any mechanical orientation of the array can be achieved by rotating the LCS relative to the GCS.

[0142]

[0141] In Figures 8A and 8B, the coordinates (x, y, z, θ, φ) and unit vectors are shown.

[0143]

number

[0144] GCS having a primed coordinate system (x', y', z', θ', φ') and a primed unit vector.

[0145]

number

[0146] An LCS having a common origin is defined. Figure 8A shows the GCS coordinates (x,y,z) and LCS coordinates according to an aspect of this disclosure.

[0147]

number

[0148] Figure 800A shows a series of rotations relating to the LCS. More specifically, Figure 8A shows an arbitrary three-dimensional (3D) rotation of the LCS relative to the GCS, given by angles α, β, and γ. The set of angles α, β, and γ can also be called the orientation of the antenna array relative to the GCS. In detail, α (alpha) specifies the azimuth angle for the LCS to GCS transformation. The value of this parameter is reported, for example, in increments of 1 degree and can range, for example, from 0 to 359 degrees. β (beta) specifies the downtilt angle for the LCS to GCS transformation. The value of this parameter is reported, for example, in increments of 1 degree and can range, for example, from 0 to 359 degrees. γ (gamma) specifies the slant angle for the LCS to GCS transformation. The value of this parameter is reported, for example, in increments of 1 degree and can range, for example, from 0 to 359 degrees. In one embodiment, the UE may be able to determine angles α, β, and γ based on orientation data from its accelerometer, gyroscope, magnetometer, and / or other orientation sensors.

[0149]

[0142] Any 3D rotation can be specified by at most three elemental rotations, according to the framework of Figure 8A, z axis,

[0150]

number

[0151] axis, and

[0152]

number

[0153] A series of rotations around the axis are assumed in that order. The marks of points and double points indicate that the rotations are inherent, meaning that they are the result of one (·) or two (··) intermediate rotations. In other words,

[0154]

number

[0155] The axis is the original y-axis after the first rotation around the z-axis.

[0156]

number

[0157] The axis is the first rotation around the z axis and

[0158]

number

[0159] This is the original x-axis after the second rotation around the axis.

[0160]

[0143] The first rotation α around z sets the antenna azimuth angle (i.e., the sector pointing direction for the base station antenna element).

[0161]

number

[0162] The second rotation β around sets the antenna down-tilt angle. Finally,

[0163]

number

[0164] The third rotation γ around sets the antenna tilt angle. The orientation of the x, y, and z axes after all three rotations is:

[0165]

number

[0166] These can be shown as follows. The axes of these three junctions represent the final orientation of the LCS and are shown for notational purposes as the x', y', and z' axes (local or "primed" coordinate system). Note that the transformation from LCS to GCS depends only on angles α, β, and γ. Angle α is called the azimuth angle, β is called the down-tilt angle, and γ is called the tilt angle.

[0167]

[0144] Figure 8B is a figure showing the definitions of spherical coordinates and unit vectors in both the GCS and LCS according to an aspect of this disclosure. Figure 8B shows the coordinate directions and unit vectors of the GCS coordinates (x,y,z) and LCS coordinates (x',y',z'). Note that the vector field of the antenna array elements is defined in the LCS.

[0168]

[0145] In one embodiment, the beamwidth, orientation, boresight direction, and antenna location (arrangement) of different antennas or antenna panels (or SRS resources) may be reported differentially or relatively, thereby reducing signaling overhead. For example, one antenna or antenna panel may be a reference antenna, and the UE may report the absolute values ​​of the parameters for this antenna. The UE may then report the values ​​of the parameters for the remaining antennas relative to the absolute values ​​of the reference antenna. For example, if the beamwidth of the reference antenna is 39.5 degrees and the beamwidth of the second antenna is 41 degrees, the UE may report a value of 39.5 degrees for the beamwidth parameter of the reference antenna and a value of +1.5 degrees for the beamwidth parameter of the second antenna.

[0169]

[0146] While the above description primarily refers to the IEEE 802.11az and 5G NR Release 17 standards, it should be noted that these standards are merely examples, and the techniques described herein are equally applicable to other wireless technologies that support angle-based positioning. For example, the techniques described above are equally applicable to Bluetooth, UWB, and any other wireless technologies in which the UE transmits or receives a reference signal for positioning.

[0170]

[0147] Figure 9 shows an exemplary method 900 of wireless positioning according to an aspect of the present disclosure. In one aspect, the method 900 may be performed by a UE (for example, any of the UEs described herein).

[0171]

[0148] In 910, the UE determines one or more angle-based measurements of one or more reference signal resources transmitted by the UE on one or more antennas of the UE or received in the UE. In one embodiment, operation 910 may be performed by one or more WWAN transceivers 310, one or more processors 332, memory 340, and / or positioning components 342, any or all of which may be considered means for performing this operation.

[0172]

[0149] In 920, the UE reports to a positioning entity (e.g., a location server, a serving base station, another UE connected via a sidelink) one or more angle-based measurements, a beam pattern (e.g., beamwidth) associated with one or more reference signal resources, one or more antenna types, the location of one or more antennas on the UE, the orientation of one or more antennas, or any combination thereof. In one embodiment, operation 920 may be performed by one or more WWAN transceivers 310, one or more processors 332, memory 340, and / or positioning components 342, any or all of which may be considered means for performing this operation.

[0173]

[0150] As should be understood, the technical advantage of method X00 is that a positioning entity can optimize an angle estimation algorithm based on one or more angle-based measurements, beamwidths associated with one or more reference signal resources, one or more antenna types, the locations of one or more antennas on the UE, and / or the orientations of one or more antennas.

[0174]

[0151] As can be seen from the detailed description above, different features are grouped together in the examples. This format of disclosure should not be understood as an intention that the exemplary clauses have more features than those explicitly stated in each clause. Rather, the various aspects of this disclosure may contain fewer features than all features of the individual exemplary clauses disclosed. Accordingly, the following clauses should be considered incorporated herein, and each clause may exist by itself as a distinct example. Each dependent clause may, in the clause, refer to a specific combination with one of the other clauses, but the (one or more) aspects of that dependent clause are not limited to a specific combination. It will be understood that other exemplary clauses may also include combinations of (one or more) dependent clause aspects with the subject matter of any other dependent clause or independent clause, or any combination of features with other dependent and independent clauses. The various aspects disclosed herein explicitly include certain combinations (for example, contradictory aspects such as defining an element as both an insulator and a conductor) unless it is explicitly stated or easily inferred that such combinations are not intended. Furthermore, it is also intended that the form of the clause may be included in any other independent clause, even if that clause is not directly subordinate to that independent clause.

[0175]

[0152] Implementation examples are described in the following numbered clauses.

[0176]

[0153] Clause 1. A method for wireless communication positioning by a user device (UE), comprising determining one or more angle-based measurements of one or more reference signal resources transmitted by the UE on one or more antennas of the UE or received in the UE, and reporting to a positioning entity one or more angle-based measurements, beam patterns associated with one or more reference signal resources, one or more antenna types, locations of one or more antennas on the UE, orientation of one or more antennas, or any combination thereof.

[0177]

[0154] The method according to Clause 2.1, wherein the angle-based measurement comprises an uplink release angle (UL-AoD) measurement.

[0178]

[0155] Clause 3. The method according to Clause 2, wherein one or more reference signal resources comprise one or more sounding reference signal (SRS) resources.

[0179]

[0156] Clause 4. The method according to Clause 3, wherein the UL-AoD measurement comprises an azimuth angle in the boresight direction from which one or more SRS resources are transmitted and an elevation angle in the boresight direction from which one or more SRS resources are transmitted.

[0180]

[0157] Clause 5. The method of Clause 4, wherein reporting comprises reporting an azimuth angle in the SRS azimuth field to the positioning entity and reporting an elevation angle in the SRS elevation field to the positioning entity.

[0181]

[0158] Clause 6. The method of Clause 4 or 5, wherein the azimuth angle is reported as a value from 0 to 359.5 degrees in steps of 0.5 degrees, and the elevation angle is reported as a value from -90 degrees to +90 degrees in steps of 0.5 degrees.

[0182]

[0159] Clause 7. The method according to any one of Clauses 3 to 6, wherein the beam pattern comprises the power half-width (HPBW) in the horizontal plane of the beam through which one or more SRS resources are transmitted, and the HPBW in the vertical plane of the beam through which one or more SRS resources are transmitted.

[0183]

[0160] Clause 8. The method of Clause 7, wherein reporting is the reporting of HPBW in the horizontal plane in the SRS-HPBW-Az field to the positioning entity and the reporting of HPBW in the vertical plane in the SRS-HPBW-El field to the positioning entity.

[0184]

[0161] Clause 9. The method according to Clause 7 or 8, wherein the HPBW in the horizontal plane is reported as a value from 0 to 120 degrees with a step size of 0.5 degrees, and the HPBW in the vertical plane is reported as a value from 0 to 120 degrees with a step size of 0.5 degrees.

[0185]

[0162] Clause 10. The orientation of one or more antennas is reported in the local coordinate system (LCS) of the UE, as described in any of Clauses 1 to 9.

[0186]

[0163] The method according to Clause 10, wherein reporting the orientation of one or more antennas comprises reporting the azimuth angle (α) of one or more antennas for conversion to the Global Coordinate System (GCS) of the LCS, reporting the down-tilt angle (β) of one or more antennas for conversion to the GCS of the LCS, and reporting the inclination angle (γ) of one or more antennas for conversion to the GCS of the LCS.

[0187]

[0164] Clause 12. The method of any one of Clauses 1 to 11, in which one or more angle-based measurements, beam patterns associated with one or more reference signal resources, one or more antenna types, the locations of one or more antennas on the UE, the orientation of one or more antennas, or any combination thereof, is reported in a UE positioning capability report, a request for support data, a location information message, or any combination thereof.

[0188]

[0165] Clause 13. The method of any one of Clauses 1 to 12, wherein one or more angle-based measurements, beam patterns associated with one or more reference signal resources, one or more antenna types, the location of one or more antennas on the UE, the orientation of one or more antennas, or any combination thereof, is reported in uplink control information (UCI), media access control element (MAC-CE), radio resource control (RRC) signaling, one or more Long-Term Evolution (LTE) positioning protocol (LPP) messages, or any combination thereof.

[0189]

[0166] Clause 14. The method of any of Clauses 1 to 13, wherein the positioning entity comprises a location server, a serving base station of the UE, or another UE connected to the UE via a sidelink.

[0190]

[0167] The method according to Clause 15.1, wherein the angle-based measurement comprises a downlink arrival angle (DL-AoA) measurement.

[0191]

[0168] Clause 16. The method according to Clause 15, wherein one or more reference signal resources comprises one or more positioning reference signal (PRS) resources.

[0192]

[0169] Clause 17. The method according to Clause 16, wherein the DL-AoA measurement comprises an azimuth angle in the boresight direction from which one or more PRS resources are received, and an elevation angle in the boresight direction from which one or more PRS resources are received.

[0193]

[0170] Clause 18. The method according to Clause 16 or 17, wherein the beam pattern comprises the power half-width (HPBW) in the horizontal plane of the beam from which one or more PRS resources are received, and the HPBW in the vertical plane of the beam from which one or more PRS resources are received.

[0194]

[0171] Clause 19. The beam pattern and location of one or more antennas related to one or more reference signal resources are reported in one or more antenna arrangement and calibration information elements (IE) as described in any of Clauses 1 to 18.

[0195]

[0172] Clause 20. The method according to Clause 19, wherein the location of one or more antennas comprises the x coordinate, y coordinate, and z coordinate of one or more antennas.

[0196]

[0173] Clause 21. The beam pattern having values ​​from 1 degree to 360 degrees, as described in Clause 19 or 20.

[0197]

[0174] Clause 22. The method according to any one of Clauses 1 to 21, wherein reporting comprises reporting one or more angle-based measurements of one or more antennas relative to a reference antenna, beam patterns associated with one or more reference signal resources, locations of one or more antennas, orientations of one or more antennas, or any combination thereof.

[0198]

[0175] The method according to Clause 22, wherein one or more antennas comprises a plurality of antennas, one or more angle-based measurements comprises angle-based measurements associated with each of the plurality of antennas, one or more beam patterns associated with reference signal resources comprises beam patterns associated with each of the plurality of antennas, one or more antenna locations comprises the locations of each of the plurality of antennas, and one or more antenna orientations comprises the orientations of each of the one or more antennas.

[0199]

[0176] Clause 24. The method of Clause 23, wherein reporting is the reporting of absolute values ​​for angle-based measurements, beam pattern, location, orientation, or any combination thereof for a reference antenna, and reporting of values ​​for angle-based measurements, beam pattern, location, orientation, or any combination thereof for the remaining antennas of a plurality of antennas relative to the absolute values ​​of the reference antenna.

[0200]

[0177] Clause 25.1 or more types of antennas comprising an omnidirectional antenna, as described in any of Clauses 1 to 24.

[0201]

[0178] Clause 26.1 or more types of antennas comprising a directional antenna capable of beamforming, according to any one of Clauses 1 to 24.

[0202]

[0179] The method of any one of the clauses 1 to 26, further comprising transmitting one or more reference signal resources on one or more antennas of the UE.

[0203]

[0180] The method of any one of the clauses 1 to 26, further comprising receiving one or more reference signal resources on one or more antennas of the UE.

[0204]

[0181] Clause 29. The method according to any one of Clauses 1 to 28, wherein the beam pattern comprises a beam width associated with one or more reference signal resources.

[0205]

[0182] Clause 30.UE operates in accordance with a radio access technology (RAT), and one or more reference signal resources are configured in accordance with the RAT, and the RAT comprises LTE, 5th generation new radio (5G NR), Wi-Fi, ultra-wideband (UWB), or Bluetooth, as described in any of Clauses 1 to 29.

[0206]

[0183] Clause 31. User equipment (UE) comprising memory, at least one transceiver, and at least one processor communicatively coupled to the memory and the at least one transceiver, wherein the at least one processor is configured to determine one or more angle-based measurements of one or more reference signal resources transmitted by the UE on one or more antennas of the UE or received in the UE, and to report to a positioning entity via the at least one transceiver one or more angle-based measurements, beam patterns associated with one or more reference signal resources, one or more antenna types, locations of one or more antennas on the UE, orientations of one or more antennas, or any combination thereof.

[0207]

[0184] Clause 32.1 or more angle-based measurements comprising uplink departure angle (UL-AoD) measurements, as described in Clause 31.

[0208]

[0185] Clause 33. One or more reference signal resources is a UE as described in Clause 32, comprising one or more sounding reference signal (SRS) resources.

[0209]

[0186] Clause 34. The UL-AoD measurement comprises the azimuth angle in the boresight direction from which one or more SRS resources are transmitted and the elevation angle in the boresight direction from which one or more SRS resources are transmitted, as described in Clause 33.

[0210]

[0187] Clause 35. The UE according to Clause 34, comprising at least one processor configured to report an azimuth angle in the SRS azimuth field to a positioning entity via at least one transceiver, and at least one processor configured to report an elevation angle in the SRS elevation field to a positioning entity via at least one transceiver.

[0211]

[0188] Clause 36. The azimuth angle shall be reported as a value from 0 to 359.5 degrees with a step size of 0.5 degrees, and the elevation angle shall be reported as a value from -90 degrees to +90 degrees with a step size of 0.5 degrees, as described in Clause 34 or 35 of the UE.

[0212]

[0189] Clause 37. The UE according to any one of Clauses 33 to 36, wherein the beam pattern comprises the power half-width (HPBW) in the horizontal plane of the beam through which one or more SRS resources are transmitted, and the HPBW in the vertical plane of the beam through which one or more SRS resources are transmitted.

[0213]

[0190] Clause 38. The UE according to Clause 37, comprising at least one processor configured to report HPBW in the horizontal plane in the SRS-HPBW-Az field to a positioning entity via at least one transceiver, and at least one processor configured to report HPBW in the vertical plane in the SRS-HPBW-El field to a positioning entity via at least one transceiver.

[0214]

[0191] Clause 39. The HPBW in the horizontal plane is reported as a value from 0 to 120 degrees with a step size of 0.5 degrees, and the HPBW in the vertical plane is reported as a value from 0 to 120 degrees with a step size of 0.5 degrees, as described in Clause 37 or 38.

[0215]

[0192] Clause 40. The orientation of one or more antennas is reported in the local coordinate system (LCS) of the UE as described in any of Clauses 31 to 39.

[0216]

[0193] The UE according to Clause 40, comprising at least one processor configured to report the orientation of one or more antennas, wherein the processor is configured to report the azimuth angle (α) of one or more antennas for conversion of the LCS to the global coordinate system (GCS) via at least one transceiver, report the down tilt angle (β) of one or more antennas for conversion of the LCS to the GCS via at least one transceiver, and report the tilt angle (γ) of one or more antennas for conversion of the LCS to the GCS via at least one transceiver.

[0217]

[0194] Clause 42. One or more angle-based measurements, beam patterns associated with one or more reference signal resources, one or more antenna types, locations of one or more antennas on the UE, orientation of one or more antennas, or any combination thereof, reported in a UE positioning capability report, a request for support data, a location information message, or any combination thereof, as described in any of Clauses 31 to 41 of the UE.

[0218]

[0195] Clause 43. One or more angle-based measurements, beam patterns associated with one or more reference signal resources, one or more antenna types, locations of one or more antennas on the UE, orientation of one or more antennas, or any combination thereof, reported in uplink control information (UCI), media access control element (MAC-CE), radio resource control (RRC) signaling, one or more Long-Term Evolution (LTE) positioning protocol (LPP) messages, or any combination thereof, as described in any of Clauses 31 to 42 of the UE.

[0219]

[0196] Clause 44. A positioning entity is a UE as described in any of Clauses 31 to 43, comprising a location server, a serving base station of the UE, or another UE connected to the UE via a side link.

[0220]

[0197] Clause 45.1 or more angle-based measurements comprising downlink arrival angle (DL-AoA) measurements, as described in Clause 31.

[0221]

[0198] Clause 46. One or more reference signal resources is a UE as described in Clause 45, comprising one or more positioning reference signal (PRS) resources.

[0222]

[0199] Clause 47. The DL-AoA measurement is a UE as described in Clause 46, comprising an azimuth angle in the boresight direction from which one or more PRS resources are received, and an elevation angle in the boresight direction from which one or more PRS resources are received.

[0223]

[0200] Clause 48. The UE according to Clause 46 or 47, wherein the beam pattern comprises the power half-width (HPBW) in the horizontal plane of the beam from which one or more PRS resources are received, and the HPBW in the vertical plane of the beam from which one or more PRS resources are received.

[0224]

[0201] Clause 49. The beam pattern and location of one or more antennas related to one or more reference signal resources are reported in one or more antenna arrangement and calibration information elements (IE) as described in any of Clauses 31 to 48.

[0225]

[0202] Clause 50. The location of one or more antennas is a UE as described in Clause 49, comprising the x, y, and z coordinates of one or more antennas.

[0226]

[0203] Clause 51. The beam pattern has values ​​from 1 degree to 360 degrees, as specified in Clause 49 or 50.

[0227]

[0204] Clause 52. The UE according to any one of Clauses 31 to 51, comprising at least one processor configured to report, via at least one transceiver, one or more angle-based measurements of one or more antennas relative to a reference antenna, beam patterns related to one or more reference signal resources, locations of one or more antennas, orientations of one or more antennas, or any combination thereof.

[0228]

[0205] The UE described in Clause 53.1, comprising one or more antennas, comprising a plurality of antennas, comprising one or more angle-based measurements relating to each of the plurality of antennas, comprising one or more beam patterns relating to a reference signal resource relating to a beam pattern relating to each of the plurality of antennas, comprising one or more antenna locations relating to each of the plurality of antennas, and comprising one or more antenna orientations relating to each of the one or more antennas.

[0229]

[0206] Clause 54. The UE as described in Clause 53, comprising at least one processor configured to report, via at least one transceiver, absolute values ​​for angle-based measurements, beam patterns, locations, orientations, or any combination thereof for a reference antenna, and via at least one transceiver, values ​​for angle-based measurements, beam patterns, locations, orientations, or any combination thereof for the remaining antennas of a plurality of antennas, relative to the absolute values ​​of the reference antenna.

[0230]

[0207] Clause 55.1 or more antenna types include omnidirectional antennas, as described in any of Clauses 31 to 54.

[0231]

[0208] Clause 56.1 or more antenna types comprising directional antennas capable of beamforming, as described in any of Clauses 31 to 54.

[0232]

[0209] Clause 57. The UE described in any of Clauses 31 to 56, wherein at least one processor is further configured to transmit one or more reference signal resources on one or more antennas of the UE via at least one transceiver.

[0233]

[0210] Clause 58. The UE described in any of Clauses 31 to 56, wherein at least one processor is further configured to receive one or more reference signal resources on one or more antennas of the UE via at least one transceiver.

[0234]

[0211] Clause 59. The beam pattern comprises a beam width associated with one or more reference signal resources, as described in any of Clauses 31 to 58.

[0235]

[0212] Clause 60. An UE operates in accordance with a Radio Access Technology (RAT), and one or more reference signal resources are configured in accordance with the RAT, and the RAT is an UE as described in any of Clauses 31 to 59, comprising LTE, 5th Generation New Radio (5G NR), Wi-Fi, Ultra Wideband (UWB), or Bluetooth.

[0236]

[0213] Clause 61. User equipment (UE) comprising means for determining one or more angle-based measurements of one or more reference signal resources transmitted by the UE on one or more antennas of the UE or received in the UE, and means for reporting to a positioning entity one or more angle-based measurements, beam patterns associated with one or more reference signal resources, one or more antenna types, locations of one or more antennas on the UE, orientation of one or more antennas, or any combination thereof.

[0237]

[0214] Clause 62.1 or more angle-based measurements comprising uplink departure angle (UL-AoD) measurements, as described in Clause 61.

[0238]

[0215] Clause 63. One or more reference signal resources is a UE as described in Clause 62, comprising one or more sounding reference signal (SRS) resources.

[0239]

[0216] Clause 64. The UL-AoD measurement is the UE as described in Clause 63, comprising the azimuth angle in the boresight direction from which one or more SRS resources are transmitted and the elevation angle in the boresight direction from which one or more SRS resources are transmitted.

[0240]

[0217] Clause 65. The UE as described in Clause 64, comprising means for reporting an azimuth angle in the SRS azimuth field to a positioning entity and means for reporting an elevation angle in the SRS elevation field to a positioning entity.

[0241]

[0218] Clause 66. The azimuth angle shall be reported as a value from 0 to 359.5 degrees with a step size of 0.5 degrees, and the elevation angle shall be reported as a value from -90 degrees to +90 degrees with a step size of 0.5 degrees, as set forth in Clause 64 or 65 of the UE.

[0242]

[0219] Clause 67. The UE according to any one of Clauses 63 to 66, wherein the beam pattern comprises the power half-width (HPBW) in the horizontal plane of the beam through which one or more SRS resources are transmitted, and the HPBW in the vertical plane of the beam through which one or more SRS resources are transmitted.

[0243]

[0220] Clause 68. The UE as described in Clause 67, comprising means for reporting HPBW in the horizontal plane in the SRS-HPBW-Az field to a positioning entity, and means for reporting HPBW in the vertical plane in the SRS-HPBW-El field to a positioning entity.

[0244]

[0221] Clause 69. The HPBW in the horizontal plane is reported as a value from 0 to 120 degrees with a step size of 0.5 degrees, and the HPBW in the vertical plane is reported as a value from 0 to 120 degrees with a step size of 0.5 degrees, as described in Clause 67 or 68.

[0245]

[0222] Clause 70.1 The orientation of one or more antennas is reported in the local coordinate system (LCS) of the UE as described in any of Clauses 61 to 69.

[0246]

[0223] The UE according to Clause 70, wherein the means for reporting the orientation of one or more antennas comprises means for reporting the azimuth angle (α) of one or more antennas for conversion to the global coordinate system (GCS) of the LCS, means for reporting the down tilt angle (β) of one or more antennas for conversion to the GCS of the LCS, and means for reporting the inclination angle (γ) of one or more antennas for conversion to the GCS of the LCS.

[0247]

[0224] Clause 72.1 or more angle-based measurements, beam patterns associated with one or more reference signal resources, one or more antenna types, locations of one or more antennas on the UE, orientations of one or more antennas, or any combination thereof, as described in any of Clauses 61 to 71, which are reported in a UE positioning capability report, a request for support data, a location information message, or any combination thereof.

[0248]

[0225] Clause 73. One or more angle-based measurements, beam patterns associated with one or more reference signal resources, one or more antenna types, locations of one or more antennas on the UE, orientation of one or more antennas, or any combination thereof, reported in uplink control information (UCI), media access control elements (MAC-CE), radio resource control (RRC) signaling, one or more Long-Term Evolution (LTE) positioning protocol (LPP) messages, or any combination thereof, as described in any of Clauses 61 to 72 of the UE.

[0249]

[0226] Clause 74. A positioning entity is a UE as described in any of Clauses 61 to 73, comprising a location server, a serving base station of the UE, or another UE connected to the UE via a side link.

[0250]

[0227] Clause 75.1 or more angle-based measurements comprising downlink arrival angle (DL-AoA) measurements, as described in Clause 61.

[0251]

[0228] Clause 76. One or more reference signal resources is a UE as described in Clause 75, comprising one or more positioning reference signal (PRS) resources.

[0252]

[0229] Clause 77. The DL-AoA measurement is a UE as described in Clause 76, comprising an azimuth angle in the boresight direction from which one or more PRS resources are received, and an elevation angle in the boresight direction from which one or more PRS resources are received.

[0253]

[0230] Clause 78. The UE according to Clause 76 or 77, wherein the beam pattern comprises the power half-width (HPBW) in the horizontal plane of the beam from which one or more PRS resources are received, and the HPBW in the vertical plane of the beam from which one or more PRS resources are received.

[0254]

[0231] Clause 79. The beam pattern and location of one or more antennas related to one or more reference signal resources are reported in one or more antenna arrangement and calibration information elements (IE) as described in any of Clauses 61 to 78.

[0255]

[0232] Clause 80. The location of one or more antennas is a UE as described in Clause 79, comprising the x, y, and z coordinates of one or more antennas.

[0256]

[0233] Clause 81. The beam pattern has values ​​from 1 degree to 360 degrees, as described in Clause 79 or 80.

[0257]

[0234] Clause 82. The UE described in any of Clauses 61 to 81, comprising means for reporting one or more angle-based measurements of one or more antennas relative to a reference antenna, beam patterns related to one or more reference signal resources, locations of one or more antennas, orientations of one or more antennas, or any combination thereof.

[0258]

[0235] Clause 83. The UE according to Clause 82, wherein one or more antennas comprise a plurality of antennas, one or more angle-based measurement values comprise angle-based measurement values associated with each of the plurality of antennas, a beam pattern associated with one or more reference signal resources comprises beam patterns associated with each of the plurality of antennas, one or more antenna locations comprise locations of each of the plurality of antennas, and one or more antenna orientations comprise orientations of each of the one or more antennas.

[0259]

[0236] Clause 84. The means for reporting comprises means for reporting an absolute value for a reference antenna with respect to an angle-based measurement value, a beam pattern, a location, an orientation, or any combination thereof, and means for reporting a value for the remaining antennas of the plurality of antennas with respect to the absolute value of the reference antenna, with respect to an angle-based measurement value, a beam pattern, a location, an orientation, or any combination thereof. The UE is as described in Clause 83.

[0260]

[0237] Clause 85. The UE according to any one of Clauses 61 to 84, wherein the type of one or more antennas comprises an omnidirectional antenna.

[0261]

[0238] Clause 86. The UE according to any one of Clauses 61 to 84, wherein the type of one or more antennas comprises a directional antenna capable of beamforming.

[0262]

[0239] Clause 87. The UE according to any one of Clauses 61 to 86, further comprising means for transmitting one or more reference signal resources on one or more antennas of the UE.

[0263]

[0240] Clause 88. The UE according to any one of Clauses 61 to 86, further comprising means for receiving one or more reference signal resources on one or more antennas of the UE.

[0264] Clause 89. The UE according to any one of Clauses 61 to 88, wherein the beam pattern comprises a beam width associated with one or more reference signal resources.

[0265] Clause 90. The UE according to any one of Clauses 61 to 89, wherein the UE operates according to a radio access technology (RAT), one or more reference signal resources are configured according to the RAT, and the RAT comprises LTE, 5th generation new radio (5G NR), Wi-Fi, ultra-wideband (UWB), or Bluetooth.

[0266] Clause 91. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a user equipment (UE), cause the UE to determine one or more angle-based measurements of one or more reference signal resources transmitted or received at one or more antennas of the UE, and report to a positioning entity one or more angle-based measurements, a beam pattern associated with one or more reference signal resources, a type of one or more antennas, a location of one or more antennas on the UE, an orientation of one or more antennas, or any combination thereof.

[0267] Clause 92. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to Clause 91, wherein the one or more angle-based measurements comprise uplink departure angle (UL-AoD) measurements.

[0268] Clause 93. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to Clause 92, wherein the one or more reference signal resources comprise one or more sounding reference signal (SRS) resources.

[0269] Clause 94. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to Clause 93, wherein the UL-AoD measurements comprise an azimuth angle of the boresight direction in which one or more SRS resources are transmitted and an elevation angle of the boresight direction in which one or more SRS resources are transmitted.

[0270]

[0247] A non-temporary computer-readable medium as described in Clause 94, which, when executed by the UE, causes the UE to report a computer-executable instruction to the UE, when executed by the UE, causes the UE to report an azimuth angle in the SRS azimuth field and an elevation angle in the SRS elevation field to the positioning entity.

[0271]

[0248] Clause 96. Non-temporary computer-readable media as described in Clause 94 or 95, where the azimuth angle is reported as a value from 0 to 359.5 degrees in steps of 0.5 degrees, and the elevation angle is reported as a value from -90 degrees to +90 degrees in steps of 0.5 degrees.

[0272]

[0249] Clause 97. A non-transient computer-readable medium according to any one of Clauses 93 to 96, wherein the beam pattern comprises the power half-width (HPBW) in the horizontal plane of the beam through which one or more SRS resources are transmitted, and the HPBW in the vertical plane of the beam through which one or more SRS resources are transmitted.

[0273]

[0250] Non-temporary computer-readable medium as described in Clause 97, wherein the computer-executable instructions that cause the UE to report when executed by the UE include, when executed by the UE, computer-executable instructions that cause the UE to report the HPBW in the horizontal plane in the SRS-HPBW-Az field to the positioning entity and the HPBW in the vertical plane in the SRS-HPBW-El field to the positioning entity.

[0274]

[0251] Clause 99. Non-transient computer-readable media as described in Clause 97 or 98, wherein HPBW in the horizontal plane is reported as a value from 0 to 120 degrees with a step size of 0.5 degrees, and HPBW in the vertical plane is reported as a value from 0 to 120 degrees with a step size of 0.5 degrees.

[0275]

[0252] Clause 100.1 or more antenna orientations are reported in the UE's local coordinate system (LCS) in a non-temporary computer-readable medium as described in any of Clauses 91 to 99.

[0276]

[0253] A non-temporary computer-readable medium as described in Clause 100, wherein a computer-executable instruction that causes the UE to report the orientation of one or more antennas when executed by the UE comprises a computer-executable instruction that causes the UE to report the azimuth angle (α) of one or more antennas for the conversion of the LCS to the global coordinate system (GCS), the down-tilt angle (β) of one or more antennas for the conversion of the LCS to the GCS, and the inclination angle (γ) of one or more antennas for the conversion of the LCS to the GCS.

[0277]

[0254] Clause 102. One or more angle-based measurements, beam patterns associated with one or more reference signal resources, one or more antenna types, locations of one or more antennas on the UE, orientations of one or more antennas, or any combination thereof, reported in a UE positioning capability report, a request for assistance data, a location information message, or any combination thereof, in a non-temporary computer-readable medium as described in any of Clauses 91 to 101.

[0278]

[0255] Clause 103. One or more angle-based measurements, beam patterns associated with one or more reference signal resources, one or more antenna types, one or more antenna locations on the UE, one or more antenna orientations, or any combination thereof, reported in uplink control information (UCI), media access control elements (MAC-CE), radio resource control (RRC) signaling, one or more Long-Term Evolution (LTE) positioning protocol (LPP) messages, or any combination thereof, in a non-transient computer-readable medium as described in any of Clauses 91 to 102.

[0279]

[0256] Clause 104. A positioning entity comprises a location server, a serving base station of a UE, or another UE connected to the UE via a sidelink, in a non-transient computer-readable medium as described in any of Clauses 91 to 103.

[0280]

[0257] Clause 105.1 or more angle-based measurements, comprising downlink arrival angle (DL-AoA) measurements, in a non-temporary computer-readable medium as described in Clause 91.

[0281]

[0258] Clause 106. One or more reference signal resources is a non-temporary computer-readable medium as described in Clause 105, comprising one or more positioning reference signal (PRS) resources.

[0282]

[0259] Clause 107. A non-temporary computer-readable medium as described in Clause 106, comprising an azimuth angle in the boresight direction from which one or more PRS resources are received, and an elevation angle in the boresight direction from which one or more PRS resources are received.

[0283]

[0260] Clause 108. A non-temporary computer-readable medium according to Clause 106 or 107, wherein the beam pattern comprises the power half-width (HPBW) in the horizontal plane of the beam from which one or more PRS resources are received, and the HPBW in the vertical plane of the beam from which one or more PRS resources are received.

[0284]

[0261] Clause 109. The beam pattern and the location of one or more antennas relating to one or more reference signal resources are reported in one or more antenna arrangement and calibration information elements (IE) in a non-temporary computer-readable medium as described in any of Clauses 91 to 108.

[0285]

[0262] Clause 110. The location of one or more antennas is a non-temporary computer-readable medium as described in Clause 109, which includes the x, y, and z coordinates of one or more antennas.

[0286]

[0263] Clause 111. The beam pattern is a non-transitory computer-readable medium according to Clause 109 or 110, having values from 1 degree to 360 degrees.

[0287]

[0264] Clause 112. When executed by a UE, the computer-executable instructions for causing the UE to report include computer-executable instructions for causing the UE, when executed by the UE, to report one or more angle-based measurement values for one or more antennas with respect to a reference antenna, a beam pattern related to one or more reference signal resources, a location of one or more antennas, an orientation of one or more antennas, or any combination thereof, in any of Clauses 91 to 111 of the non-transitory computer-readable medium described.

[0288]

[0265] Clause 113. One or more antennas include a plurality of antennas, one or more angle-based measurement values include angle-based measurement values related to each of the plurality of antennas, a beam pattern related to one or more reference signal resources includes a beam pattern related to each of the plurality of antennas, a location of one or more antennas includes a location of each of the plurality of antennas, and an orientation of one or more antennas includes an orientation of each of the plurality of antennas, in the non-transitory computer-readable medium described in Clause 112.

[0289]

[0266] Clause 114. When executed by a UE, the computer-executable instructions for causing the UE to report include computer-executable instructions for causing the UE, when executed by the UE, to report an absolute value for an angle-based measurement value, a beam pattern, a location, an orientation, or any combination thereof, for a reference antenna, and to report a value for an angle-based measurement value, a beam pattern, a location, an orientation, or any combination thereof, for the remaining antennas among the plurality of antennas with respect to the absolute value of the reference antenna, in the non-transitory computer-readable medium described in Clause 113.

[0290]

[0267] Clause 115. One or more types of antennas comprising omnidirectional antennas, a non-temporary computer-readable medium as described in any of Clauses 91 to 114.

[0291]

[0268] Clause 116.1 or more antenna types comprising beamforming directional antennas, a non-temporary computer-readable medium as described in any of Clauses 91 to 114.

[0292]

[0269] A non-temporary computer-readable medium as described in any of the clauses 91 to 116, further comprising a computer-executable instruction that causes the UE to transmit one or more reference signal resources on one or more antennas of the UE when executed by the UE.

[0293]

[0270] A non-temporary computer-readable medium as described in any of the clauses 91 to 116, further comprising a computer-executable instruction that causes the UE to receive one or more reference signal resources on one or more antennas of the UE when executed by the UE.

[0294]

[0271] Clause 119. A beam pattern comprising a beam width associated with one or more reference signal resources, in a non-temporary computer-readable medium as described in any of Clauses 91 to 118.

[0295]

[0272] Clause 120.UE is a non-temporary computer-readable medium as described in any of Clauses 91 to 119, which operates in accordance with a Radio Access Technology (RAT), and one or more reference signal resources are configured in accordance with a RAT, and the RAT comprises LTE, 5th Generation New Radio (5G NR), Wi-Fi, Ultra Wideband (UWB), or Bluetooth.

[0296]

[0273] Those skilled in the art will understand that information and signals can be represented using any of the various different techniques and methods. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips which may be mentioned throughout the above description may be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, light fields or optical particles, or any combination thereof.

[0297]

[0274] Furthermore, those skilled in the art will understand that various exemplary logic blocks, modules, circuits, and algorithmic steps described in relation to the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or a combination of both. To clearly demonstrate this hardware- and software compatibility, various exemplary components, blocks, modules, circuits, and steps have been described above in general terms with respect to their function. Whether such function is implemented as hardware or as software depends on the specific application and the design constraints imposed on the overall system. Those skilled in the art may implement the described function in various ways for each specific application, but such decisions should not be construed as resulting in a departure from the scope of this disclosure.

[0298]

[0275] Various exemplary logic blocks, modules, and circuits described in relation to the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented or carried out using general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), ASICs, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but alternatively, the processor may be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. The processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, for example, a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors working with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.

[0299]

[0276] The methods, sequences and / or algorithms described in relation to the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented directly in hardware, in software modules executed by a processor, or in a combination of both. The software modules may reside in random access memory (RAM), flash memory, read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM®), registers, hard disks, removable disks, CD-ROMs, or any other form of storage medium known in the art. An exemplary storage medium is coupled to the processor so that the processor can read information from and write information to the storage medium. Alternatively, the storage medium may be integrated with the processor. The processor and storage medium may reside in an ASIC. The ASIC may reside in a user terminal (e.g., a UE). Alternatively, the processor and storage medium may reside as separate components in a user terminal.

[0300]

[0277] In one or more exemplary embodiments, the functions described may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software, the functions may be stored on or transmitted via computer-readable media as one or more instructions or codes. Computer-readable media include both computer storage media and communication media, including any media that enables the transfer of computer programs from one place to another. Storage media may be any available media that can be accessed by a computer. Such computer-readable media may include, but not limited to, RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other media that can be used to carry or store desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed by a computer. Any connection is also appropriately referred to as computer-readable media. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL), or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave, then coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included in the definition of media. As used herein, disk and disc include compact disc (CD), laserdisc (disc), optical disc (disc), digital versatile disc (disc) (DVD), floppy disk (disc), and Blu-ray (disc), where disk typically reproduces data magnetically and disc optically reproduces data by laser. Any combination of the above should also be included within the scope of computer-readable media.

[0301]

[0278] While the above disclosures illustrate exemplary aspects of the Disclosure, it should be noted that various changes and modifications can be made herein without departing from the scope of the Disclosure as defined by the appended claims. The functions, steps, and / or actions of the method claims in the aspects of the Disclosure described herein do not need to be performed in a particular order. Furthermore, while elements of the Disclosure may be described or claimed in the singular, the plural is intended unless explicitly stated to limit them to the singular. The invention described in the original claims of this application is listed below. [C1] A method for wireless communication positioning using user equipment (UE), Determining one or more angle-based measurements of one or more reference signal resources transmitted by the UE on one or more antennas of the UE or received in the UE, Reporting to the positioning entity the one or more angle-based measurements, the beam patterns associated with the one or more reference signal resources, the type of the one or more antennas, the location of the one or more antennas on the UE, the orientation of the one or more antennas, or any combination thereof, A method that includes [a certain feature]. [C2] The method according to C1, comprising one or more angle-based measurements, wherein the measurement is an uplink release angle (UL-AoD) measurement. [C3] The method according to C2, wherein the one or more reference signal resources comprises one or more sounding reference signal (SRS) resources. [C4] The aforementioned UL-AoD measurement values ​​are The azimuth angle in the boresight direction from which the one or more SRS resources are transmitted, The elevation angle in the boresite direction to which the one or more SRS resources are transmitted, A method of C3 comprising: [C5] The aforementioned report is, Reporting the azimuth angle to the positioning entity in the SRS azimuth field, Reporting the elevation angle to the positioning entity in the SRS elevation angle field, A method for C4 comprising: [C6] The aforementioned azimuth angle is reported as a value from 0 to 359.5 degrees, with a step size of 0.5 degrees. The elevation angle is reported as a value from -90 degrees to +90 degrees in steps of 0.5 degrees, as described in C4. [C7] The aforementioned beam pattern is The power half-maximum beamwidth (HPBW) in the horizontal plane of the beam transmitted by the one or more SRS resources, The HPBW in the vertical plane of the beam from which one or more SRS resources are transmitted, A method of C3 comprising the same as described above. [C8] The aforementioned report is, In the SRS-HPBW-Az field, the HPBW in the horizontal plane is reported to the positioning entity, In the SRS-HPBW-El field, the HPBW in the vertical plane is reported to the positioning entity, A method of C7 comprising the same. [C9] The HPBW in the horizontal plane is reported as a value from 0 to 120 degrees with a step size of 0.5 degrees. The method according to C7, wherein the HPBW in the vertical plane is reported as a value from 0 to 120 degrees with a step size of 0.5 degrees. [C10] The orientation of the one or more antennas is reported in the local coordinate system (LCS) of the UE, as described in C1. [C11] Reporting the orientation of the one or more antennas is: To report the azimuth angle (α) of one or more antennas for the conversion of the LCS to the global coordinate system (GCS), To report the down-tilt angle (β) of one or more antennas for the conversion of the LCS to the GCS, To report the inclination angle (γ) of one or more antennas for the conversion of the LCS to the GCS, A method for C10 comprising: [C12] The one or more angle-based measurements, the beam pattern relating to the one or more reference signal resources, the type of the one or more antennas, the location of the one or more antennas on the UE, the orientation of the one or more antennas, or any combination thereof, UE positioning capability report, Request for support data, Location information message, or Any combination of those, The method described in C1, as reported in [location]. [C13] The one or more angle-based measurements, the beam pattern relating to the one or more reference signal resources, the type of the one or more antennas, the location of the one or more antennas on the UE, the orientation of the one or more antennas, or any combination thereof, Uplink control information (UCI), Media access control element (MAC-CE), Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, One or more Long-Term Evolution (LTE®) Positioning Protocol (LPP) messages, or Any combination of those, The method described in C1, as reported in [location]. [C14] The positioning entity is, Location server, The serving base station of the aforementioned UE, or Another UE connected to the aforementioned UE via a side link, A method of C1 comprising: [C15] The method according to C1, wherein the one or more angle-based measurements include a downlink arrival angle (DL-AoA) measurement. [C16] The method according to C15, wherein the one or more reference signal resources comprises one or more positioning reference signal (PRS) resources. [C17] The DL-AoA measurement values ​​are, The azimuth angle in the boresight direction from which the one or more PRS resources are received, The elevation angle in the boresite direction from which the one or more PRS resources are received, A method for C16 comprising the same method. [C18] The aforementioned beam pattern is The power half-width (HPBW) in the horizontal plane of the beam received by one or more PRS resources, The HPBW in the vertical plane of the beam from which one or more PRS resources are received, A method for C16 comprising the same method. [C19] The method according to C1, wherein the beam pattern and the location of the one or more antennas related to the one or more reference signal resources are reported in one or more antenna arrangement and calibration information elements (IE). [C20] The method according to C19, wherein the location of the one or more antennas comprises the x, y, and z coordinates of the one or more antennas. [C21] The beam pattern is provided with values ​​ranging from 1 degree to 360 degrees, according to the method described in C19. [C22] The aforementioned report is, To report the angle-based measurements of the one or more antennas relative to a reference antenna, the beam pattern related to the one or more reference signal resources, the location of the one or more antennas, the orientation of the one or more antennas, or any combination thereof. A method of C1 comprising: [C23] The one or more antennas comprises multiple antennas, The one or more angle-based measurements include angle-based measurements associated with each of the plurality of antennas, The beam pattern associated with the one or more reference signal resources comprises a beam pattern associated with each of the plurality of antennas, The location of the one or more antennas comprises the location of each of the plurality of antennas, The method according to C22, wherein the orientation of the one or more antennas is such that each of the one or more antennas has an orientation. [C24] The aforementioned report is, With respect to the aforementioned reference antenna, absolute values ​​for the angle-based measurement, the beam pattern, the location, the orientation, or any combination thereof shall be reported. For the remaining antennas among the plurality of antennas, report the values ​​for the angle-based measurement, the beam pattern, the location, the orientation, or any combination thereof, relative to the absolute value of the reference antenna. A method for C23 comprising the same equipment. [C25] The method according to C1, wherein the type of the one or more antennas comprises an omnidirectional antenna. [C26] The method according to C1, wherein the type of the one or more antennas comprises a directional antenna capable of beamforming. [C27] Transmitting the one or more reference signal resources on the one or more antennas of the UE, A method of C1 that further includes the following: [C28] Receiving the one or more reference signal resources on the one or more antennas of the UE, A method of C1 that further includes the following: [C29] The method according to C1, wherein the beam pattern comprises a beam width associated with one or more reference signal resources. [C30] The aforementioned UE operates according to radio access technology (RAT), The one or more reference signal resources are configured according to the RAT, The aforementioned RAT, LTE, 5th generation new radio (5G NR), Wi-Fi (registered trademark), Ultra-wideband (UWB), or Bluetooth (registered trademark) A method of C1 comprising: [C31] User equipment (UE), Memory and At least one transceiver, The system comprises the memory and at least one processor communicatively coupled to the at least one transceiver, wherein the at least one processor is Determining one or more angle-based measurements of one or more reference signal resources transmitted by the UE on one or more antennas of the UE or received in the UE, Reporting to the positioning entity via the at least one transceiver the one or more angle-based measurements, the beam pattern associated with the one or more reference signal resources, the type of the one or more antennas, the location of the one or more antennas on the UE, the orientation of the one or more antennas, or any combination thereof, User equipment (UE) configured to perform the following actions. [C32] The UE described in C31 comprises one or more angle-based measurements, including an uplink release angle (UL-AoD) measurement. [C33] The UE according to C32 comprises one or more sounding reference signal (SRS) resources. [C34] The aforementioned UL-AoD measurement values ​​are The azimuth angle in the boresight direction from which the one or more SRS resources are transmitted, The elevation angle in the boresite direction to which the one or more SRS resources are transmitted, A UE as described in C33, comprising: [C35] The at least one processor configured to report, Reporting the azimuth angle to the positioning entity in the SRS azimuth field via at least one of the transceivers, Reporting the elevation angle to the positioning entity in the SRS elevation field via at least one of the transceivers, The UE according to C34, comprising at least one processor configured to perform the following. [C36] The aforementioned azimuth angle is reported as a value from 0 to 359.5 degrees, with a step size of 0.5 degrees. The aforementioned elevation angle is reported as a value from -90 degrees to +90 degrees in steps of 0.5 degrees, as described in C34. [C37] The aforementioned beam pattern is The power half-maximum beamwidth (HPBW) in the horizontal plane of the beam transmitted by the one or more SRS resources, The HPBW in the vertical plane of the beam from which one or more SRS resources are transmitted, A UE as described in C33, comprising: [C38] The at least one processor configured to report, Reporting the HPBW in the horizontal plane in the SRS-HPBW-Az field to the positioning entity via at least one of the transceivers, Reporting the HPBW in the vertical plane to the positioning entity via at least one of the transceivers, The UE according to C37, comprising at least one processor configured to perform the following. [C39] The HPBW in the horizontal plane is reported as a value from 0 to 120 degrees with a step size of 0.5 degrees. The HPBW in the vertical plane is reported as a value from 0 to 120 degrees with a step size of 0.5 degrees, as described in C37. [C40] The orientation of the one or more antennas is reported in the local coordinate system (LCS) of the UE as described in C31. [C41] The at least one processor configured to report the orientation of one or more antennas, Reporting the azimuth angle (α) of one or more antennas for conversion to the global coordinate system (GCS) of the LCS via the at least one transceiver, Reporting the down-tilt angle (β) of one or more antennas for the conversion of the LCS to the GCS via the at least one transceiver, Reporting the tilt angle (γ) of one or more antennas for the conversion of the LCS to the GCS via the at least one transceiver, The UE according to C40, comprising at least one processor configured to perform the following. [C42] The one or more angle-based measurements, the beam pattern relating to the one or more reference signal resources, the type of the one or more antennas, the location of the one or more antennas on the UE, the orientation of the one or more antennas, or any combination thereof, UE positioning capability report, Request for support data, Location information message, or Any combination of those, The UE described in C31, as reported in [location]. [C43] The one or more angle-based measurements, the beam pattern relating to the one or more reference signal resources, the type of the one or more antennas, the location of the one or more antennas on the UE, the orientation of the one or more antennas, or any combination thereof, Uplink control information (UCI), Media access control element (MAC-CE), Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, One or more Long-Term Evolution (LTE) Positioning Protocol (LPP) messages, or Any combination of those, The UE described in C31, as reported in [location]. [C44] The positioning entity is, Location server, The serving base station of the aforementioned UE, or Another UE connected to the aforementioned UE via a side link, A UE as described in C31, comprising: [C45] The UE according to C31, comprising one or more angle-based measurements, including a downlink arrival angle (DL-AoA) measurement. [C46] The UE according to C45, wherein the one or more reference signal resources comprises one or more positioning reference signal (PRS) resources. [C47] The DL-AoA measurement values ​​are, The azimuth angle in the boresight direction from which the one or more PRS resources are received, The elevation angle in the boresite direction from which the one or more PRS resources are received, A UE as described in C46, ​​comprising: [C48] The aforementioned beam pattern is The power half-width (HPBW) in the horizontal plane of the beam received by one or more PRS resources, The HPBW in the vertical plane of the beam from which one or more PRS resources are received, A UE as described in C46, ​​comprising: [C49] The UE according to C31, wherein the beam pattern and the location of the one or more antennas related to the one or more reference signal resources are reported in one or more antenna arrangement and calibration information elements (IE). [C50] The location of the one or more antennas comprises the x, y, and z coordinates of the one or more antennas, as described in C49. [C51] The beam pattern has values ​​ranging from 1 degree to 360 degrees, as described in C49. [C52] The at least one processor configured to report, Reporting via the at least one transceiver the one or more angle-based measurements of the one or more antennas relative to a reference antenna, the beam pattern related to the one or more reference signal resources, the location of the one or more antennas, the orientation of the one or more antennas, or any combination thereof. The UE according to C31, comprising at least one processor configured as described above. [C53] The one or more antennas comprises multiple antennas, The one or more angle-based measurements include angle-based measurements associated with each of the plurality of antennas, The beam pattern associated with the one or more reference signal resources comprises a beam pattern associated with each of the plurality of antennas, The location of the one or more antennas comprises the location of each of the plurality of antennas, The orientation of the one or more antennas is as described in C52, wherein the orientation of each of the one or more antennas is as described in C52. [C54] The at least one processor configured to report, Reporting absolute values ​​for the angle-based measurement, beam pattern, location, orientation, or any combination thereof for the reference antenna via the at least one transceiver, Reporting, via at least one transceiver, values ​​for the remaining antennas among the plurality of antennas, relative to the absolute value of the reference antenna, for the angle-based measurement, the beam pattern, the location, the orientation, or any combination thereof, The UE according to C53, comprising at least one processor configured to perform the following. [C55] The type of the one or more antennas is the UE according to C31, comprising an omnidirectional antenna. [C56] The UE according to C31, wherein the type of one or more antennas comprises a directional antenna capable of beamforming. [C57] The aforementioned at least one processor is Transmitting the one or more reference signal resources on one or more antennas of the UE via the at least one transceiver, The UE described in C31 is further configured as follows. [C58] The aforementioned at least one processor is The UE receives the one or more reference signal resources on one or more antennas via the at least one transceiver. The UE described in C31 is further configured as follows. [C59] The UE according to C31, wherein the beam pattern comprises a beam width associated with one or more reference signal resources. [C60] The aforementioned UE operates according to radio access technology (RAT), The one or more reference signal resources are configured according to the RAT, The aforementioned RAT, LTE, 5th generation new radio (5G NR), Wifi, Ultra-wideband (UWB), or Bluetooth A UE as described in C31, comprising: [C61] User equipment (UE), Means for determining one or more angle-based measurements of one or more reference signal resources transmitted by the UE on one or more antennas of the UE or received in the UE, Means for reporting to a positioning entity the one or more angle-based measurements, the beam patterns associated with the one or more reference signal resources, the types of the one or more antennas, the locations of the one or more antennas on the UE, the orientation of the one or more antennas, or any combination thereof, User equipment (UE) equipped with these features. [C62] A non-temporary computer-readable medium for storing computer-executable instructions, wherein, when the computer-executable instructions are executed by a user device (UE), the UE receives the following information: Determining one or more angle-based measurements of one or more reference signal resources transmitted by the UE on one or more antennas of the UE or received in the UE, Reporting to the positioning entity the one or more angle-based measurements, the beam patterns associated with the one or more reference signal resources, the type of the one or more antennas, the location of the one or more antennas on the UE, the orientation of the one or more antennas, or any combination thereof, A non-temporary computer-readable medium that enables the operation of [the process].

Claims

1. A method for wireless communication positioning using user equipment (UE), Determining one or more angle-based measurements of one or more reference signal resources transmitted by or received by the UE on multiple antennas of the UE, wherein the one or more angle-based measurements include uplink departure angle (UL-AoD) measurements or downlink arrival angle (DL-AoA) measurements. Reporting one or more angle-based measurements to the positioning entity, For the estimation of the DL-AoA and the UL-AoD, the positioning entity is reported the beam pattern associated with the one or more reference signal resources, the type of antenna, the location of the antenna on the UE, and the orientation of the antenna. A method that includes [a certain feature].

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the one or more angle-based measurements include uplink-ahead angle (UL-AoD) measurements, and the one or more reference signal resources include one or more sounding reference signal (SRS) resources.

3. The UL-AoD measurement values ​​are, The azimuth angle in the boresight direction to which the one or more SRS resources are transmitted, The elevation angle in the boresite direction to which the one or more SRS resources are transmitted, The method according to claim 2, comprising:

4. The aforementioned report is, Reporting the azimuth angle in the SRS azimuth field to the positioning entity, Reporting the elevation angle in the SRS elevation field to the positioning entity, to include, and / or, The aforementioned azimuth angle is reported as a value from 0 to 359.5 degrees, with a step size of 0.5 degrees. The method according to claim 3, wherein the elevation angle is reported as a value from -90 degrees to +90 degrees in steps of 0.5 degrees.

5. The aforementioned beam pattern is The power half-width (HPBW) in the horizontal plane of the beam from which the one or more SRS resources are transmitted, The HPBW in the vertical plane of the beam from which the one or more SRS resources are transmitted, The method according to claim 2, comprising:

6. The aforementioned report is, In the SRS-HPBW-Az field, the HPBW in the horizontal plane is reported to the positioning entity, In the SRS-HPBW-El field, the HPBW in the vertical plane is reported to the positioning entity, The method according to claim 5, comprising, The HPBW in the horizontal plane is reported as a value from 0 to 120 degrees with a step size of 0.5 degrees. The method according to claim 5, wherein the HPBW in the vertical plane is reported as a value from 0 to 120 degrees with a step size of 0.5 degrees.

7. The orientation of the antenna is reported in the local coordinate system (LCS) of the UE. Reporting the orientation of the antenna is, To convert the LCS to the global coordinate system (GCS), the azimuth angle (α) of the antenna is reported, To report the down-tilt angle (β) of the antenna for the conversion of the LCS to the GCS, To report the inclination angle (γ) of the antenna for the conversion of the LCS to the GCS, The method according to claim 1, comprising:

8. The one or more angle-based measurements, the beam pattern relating to the one or more reference signal resources, the type of the antenna, the location of the antenna on the UE, and the orientation of the antenna are UE positioning capability report, Request for support data, Location information message, or Any combination of those, The method described in claim 1, as reported in, The one or more angle-based measurements, the beam pattern relating to the one or more reference signal resources, the type of the antenna, the location of the antenna on the UE, and the orientation of the antenna are Uplink control information (UCI), Media access control element (MAC-CE), Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, One or more Long-Term Evolution (LTE®) Positioning Protocol (LPP) messages, or Any combination of those, The method described in claim 1, as reported in, The positioning entity is, Location server, The Serving Base Station of the UE, or Another UE connected to the UE via a side link, The method according to claim 1, comprising:

9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the one or more angle-based measurement comprises a downlink arrival angle (DL-AoA) measurement, and the one or more reference signal resources comprises one or more positioning reference signal (PRS) resources.

10. The DL-AoA measurement values ​​are, The azimuth angle in the boresight direction from which the one or more PRS resources are received, The elevation angle in the boresite direction from which the one or more PRS resources are received, The method according to claim 9, comprising, The aforementioned beam pattern is The power half-width (HPBW) in the horizontal plane of the beam received by one or more PRS resources, The HPBW in the vertical plane of the beam from which the one or more PRS resources are received, The method according to claim 9, comprising:

11. The beam pattern and the location of the antenna related to the one or more reference signal resources are reported in one or more antenna arrangement and calibration information elements (IE). The method according to claim 1, wherein the location of the antenna comprises the x, y, and z coordinates of the antenna, and / or the beam pattern comprises values ​​from 1 degree to 360 degrees.

12. The aforementioned report is, To report the one or more angle-based measurements of the antenna relative to a reference antenna, the beam pattern related to the one or more reference signal resources, the location of the antenna, and the orientation of the antenna. Equipped with, The aforementioned antenna comprises multiple antennas, The one or more angle-based measurements include angle-based measurements associated with each of the plurality of antennas, The beam pattern associated with one or more reference signal resources comprises a beam pattern associated with each of the plurality of antennas. The location of the antenna comprises the respective locations of the plurality of antennas, The orientation of the antenna comprises the respective orientations of the antenna, The aforementioned report is, Regarding the aforementioned reference antenna, the absolute values ​​of the angle-based measurement, beam pattern, location, and orientation shall be reported. For the remaining antennas among the aforementioned plurality of antennas, the angle-based measurement values, beam pattern, location, and orientation values ​​are reported relative to the absolute value of the reference antenna. The method according to claim 1, comprising:

13. The method according to claim 1, wherein the type of the antenna comprises an omnidirectional antenna, or the type of the antenna comprises a beamforming directional antenna.

14. Transmitting the one or more reference signal resources on the antenna of the UE, or Receiving the one or more reference signal resources on the antenna of the UE, The method according to claim 1, further comprising:

15. The method according to claim 1, wherein the beam pattern comprises a beam width associated with one or more reference signal resources.

16. The aforementioned UE operates in accordance with radio access technology (RAT), The one or more reference signal resources are configured according to the RAT, The aforementioned RAT is LTE, 5th generation new radio (5G NR), Wi-Fi (registered trademark), Ultra-wideband (UWB), or Bluetooth (registered trademark) The method according to claim 1, comprising:

17. User equipment (UE), Memory and At least one transceiver, The system comprises the memory and at least one processor which is communicatively coupled to the at least one transceiver, and the at least one processor is Determining one or more angle-based measurements of one or more reference signal resources transmitted by or received by the UE on multiple antennas of the UE, wherein the one or more angle-based measurements include uplink departure angle (UL-AoD) measurements or downlink arrival angle (DL-AoA) measurements. Reporting the one or more angle-based measurements to the positioning entity via the at least one transceiver, For the estimation of DL-AoA and UL-AoD, the positioning entity is reported via the at least one transceiver to the beam pattern associated with the one or more reference signal resources, the type of antenna, the location of the antenna on the UE, and the orientation of the antenna, wherein the beam pattern comprises the beam width associated with the one or more reference signal resources. Configured to perform, User equipment (UE).

18. The UE according to claim 17, wherein the UE is configured to perform the method described in any one of claims 2 to 16.

19. A non-temporary computer-readable medium for storing computer-executable instructions, wherein, when executed by a user device (UE), the computer-executable instructions cause the UE to execute the method according to any one of claims 1 to 16.

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