Articular implants

Abstract

To address the requirement for improving glenoid implants used for shoulder arthroplasty surgery.SOLUTION: A glenoid implant 100 comprises a base plate 140 including a central opening penetrating therethrough, a first leg 110 extending from the base plate 140 in a first direction, a second leg 120 extending in a second direction, and a third leg 130 extending substantially in a third direction. The first to third legs 110, 120 and 130 respectively penetrated by fastening elements 115, 125 and 135 for assisting to fix the legs to corresponding parts of the patient's shoulder blades, include apertures 111, 121, and 131 configured to receive portions of the fastening elements.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] (Cross-reference of related applications) This application claims priority to and benefit from U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 797,866, filed on 28 January 2019, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0002] This disclosure relates to an articular implant for cases of severe bone loss. [Background technology]

[0003] Shoulder replacement surgery is currently used to treat patients suffering from immobile pain resulting from a worn or injured shoulder joint, which can be caused by arthritis and / or injury. Humeral implants currently in use are typically made from metal, and the implants are fixed to the bone by press-fitting them into the bone using bone cement (e.g., polymethyl methacrylate) or by using a roughened outer coating on the metal for bone integration. Most glenoid (shoulder socket) implants are made entirely from polyethylene and are fixed to the cortical bone using bone cement. Some glenoid implants have a metal base plate with a polyethylene insert. Current glenoid implants are fabricated to seat on the reamed surface of the glenoid fossa, which is prepared by removing any remaining cartilage and flattening the bone surface. These implants are fixed into the glenoid fornix using either a keel or multiple elongated pegs on the back of the prosthetic glenoid implant.

[0004] Kelvedobal implants with keels and pegs have several disadvantages, limiting their lifespan after implantation and reducing the number of indications for which they can be used, especially when the patient's age is a factor. For example, glenoid implants can loosen due to insufficient fixation within the bone, and are also prone to polyethylene wear and fatigue failure due to adhesion, abrasion, and shear stress. Because of these defects, surgeons hesitate to perform glenoid replacement surgery on young or middle-aged patients with glenoid cartilage injury or damage resulting from early arthritis, fearing that the implant may not last more than 10-15 years in the body, thus exposing patients to the possibility of more than two surgeries during their lifetime to maintain joint function and pain-free status. Finally, current glenoid implants with long keels or pegs may be contraindicated in patients with significant glenoid bone loss. As arthritis progresses, the humeral head can wear inward, damaging the foundation of the glenoid bone. In such cases, the glenoid fornix can be significantly reduced in volume and depth. Therefore, typical keel or peg designs can broach the glenoid fornix, damaging the suprascapular nerve along the suprascapular notch or glenoid notch of the scapula, resulting in denervation of the rotator cuff muscles. Broaching through the glenoid fornix can also fracture the body of the scapula, leading to premature implant laxity.

[0005] With over 20,000 shoulder arthroplasty surgeries performed annually, a large number of U.S. patients face risks such as persistent pain and disability, neuromuscular injury, or shoulder prosthesis malfunctions, requiring corrective surgery. Therefore, the need for improved glenoid implants remains. This disclosure aims to address these issues and other needs. [Overview of the Initiative]

[0006] According to some implementations of this disclosure, the articular implant comprises a base element, a connecting element, and a reinforcement. The base element has a central opening, a second opening, and a wedge element. The connecting element has a first portion and a second portion. The first portion has a first plurality of openings, and the second portion has a central opening aligned with the central opening of the base element. The reinforcement is received within the receiving space of the connecting element. The reinforcement has a second plurality of openings, each of which is aligned with each of the first plurality of openings and receives its respective second fastening element. The connecting element and the reinforcement are configured to rotate about the axis of the base element so that the connecting element and the reinforcement are movable relative to the base element.

[0007] According to some implementations of this disclosure, the glenoid implant comprises a base element, a connecting element, and a reinforcement. The base element has a central opening through which it passes, a second opening through which it passes, and a wedge element extending from the posterior surface of the base element. The second opening is configured to receive a portion of the first fastening element passing through therein, thereby assisting in the fixation of the base element to a first portion of the patient's scapula. The connecting element has a first portion and a second portion. The first portion has a first plurality of openings through which it passes, and the second portion has a central opening aligned with the central opening of the base element. The reinforcement is configured to be received within the receiving space of the first portion of the connecting element. The reinforcement has a second plurality of openings through which it passes. Each of the first plurality of openings is aligned with each of the second plurality of openings to receive each of the second fastening elements passing through therein, thereby assisting in the fixation of the connecting element and the reinforcement to a second portion of the patient's scapula. The connecting elements and reinforcing members are configured to rotate around the axis of the base element, so that the connecting elements and reinforcing members are movable relative to the base element.

[0008] According to some implementations of this disclosure, a glenoid implant comprises a base element, a connecting element, and a reinforcement. The base element has a trunnion forming a central opening through which it passes, and an attachment portion adjacent to the trunnion. The base element further forms a second opening configured to receive a portion of a first fastening element passing through therein, thereby assisting in connecting the base element to a first portion of the patient's scapula. The connecting element has a first portion and a second portion. The first portion has a plurality of openings through which it passes, and the second portion has a central opening aligned with the central opening of the base element. The reinforcement is configured to be received within the receiving space of the first portion of the connecting element. The reinforcement has a plurality of second openings through which it passes. Each of the first plurality of openings is aligned with each of the second plurality of openings to receive each of the second fastening elements passing through therein, thereby assisting in fixing the connecting element and the reinforcement to a second portion of the patient's scapula. The connecting elements and reinforcing members are configured to rotate around the axis of the base element, so that the connecting elements and reinforcing members are movable relative to the base element.

[0009] According to some implementations of this disclosure, the glenoid implant includes a base plate, a first leg, and a second leg. The base plate includes a central opening through which it passes. The first leg extends generally from the base plate along a first arc. The first leg includes a first opening configured therein to receive a portion of a first fastening element passing therethrough, thereby assisting in the fixation of the first leg to a first portion of the patient's scapula. The second leg extends generally from the base plate along a second arc. The second leg includes a second opening configured therein to receive a portion of a second fastening element passing therethrough, thereby assisting in the fixation of the second leg to a second portion of the patient's scapula.

[0010] In some implementations, the radius of curvature of the first arc is greater than the radius of curvature of the second arc. In alternative implementations, the radius of curvature of the first arc is the same as the radius of curvature of the second arc. In alternative implementations, the radius of curvature of the second arc is greater than the radius of curvature of the first arc. The first part of the patient's scapula may be the acromion. The second part of the patient's scapula may be the coracoid.

[0011] The glenoid implant may also include a third leg extending from the base plate, generally along a third arc. The third leg may have a third opening within it, configured to receive a portion of a third fastening element passing through it, thereby assisting in the fixation of the third leg to a third portion of the patient's scapula. In some implementations, the radius of curvature of the third arc is smaller than that of the second and first arcs. In some alternative implementations, the radius of curvature of the third arc is the same as that of the second and first arcs. The third portion of the patient's scapula may be the subglennoid tubercle (also called the axillary rim of the scapula) and / or the subscapularis muscle.

[0012] In some implementations, the base plate includes a first portion coupled to a second portion such that a central opening is defined by the second portion. The first portion, first leg, and second leg of the base plate can form a first monolithic portion. Furthermore, the second portion and third leg of the base plate can form a second monolithic portion separate from and distinct from the first monolithic portion.

[0013] In some implementations, the first, second, and third legs are curved to compensate for the curvature of the first, second, and third portions of the patient's scapula. The first, second, and third legs can extend generally along the first, second, and third arcs, respectively, such that each of the first, second, and third legs has a radius of curvature.

[0014] The radii of curvature of the first, second, and third legs can help direct contact with the first, second, and third portions of the patient's scapula, respectively, for a significant portion of the glenoid implant. In some implementations, at least 75 percent of the posterior surface of the glenoid implant is in direct contact with the patient's scapula before bone graft material is applied. In some implementations, the first leg is longer than the second and third legs.

[0015] The glenoid implant may also include a central fastening element configured to be at least partially positioned through a central opening in the base plate to assist in fixing the base plate to a fourth portion of the patient's scapula. The fourth portion of the patient's scapula may be the glenoid fossa. In some implementations of this disclosure, the head of the central fastening element is configured to connect to one or more additional components using a Morse taper press fit. The head of the central fastening element may be configured to connect to the humeral head. In an alternative implementation, the central fastening element includes a compression screw. In a further alternative implementation of this disclosure, the central fastening element includes a locking screw.

[0016] In some implementations, the first and second fastening elements are configured to provide an articular implant having bicortical supports. In an alternative implementation of this disclosure, the first and second fastening elements are configured to provide an articular implant having a monocortical support.

[0017] According to some implementations of this disclosure, the glenoid implant includes a base plate, a first leg, and a second leg. The base plate includes a central opening through which it passes. The first leg extends from the base plate in a first direction. The first leg includes a first opening configured therein to receive a portion of a first fastening element passing therethrough, thereby assisting in the fixation of the first leg to a first portion of the patient's scapula. The second leg extends from the base plate in a second direction. The second leg includes a second opening configured therein to receive a portion of a second fastening element passing therethrough, thereby assisting in the fixation of the second leg to a second portion of the patient's scapula.

[0018] According to some implementations of this disclosure, the articular implant includes a base, a first leg, a second leg, and an adjustable third leg. The base includes a first portion and a second portion. The first portion includes a first opening through which it passes, and the second portion has a second opening through which it passes. In response to the coupling of the first portion with the second portion, the first opening is configured to align with the second opening to define a central opening of the base.

[0019] The first leg extends generally along a first arc from the first portion of the base. The first leg includes a first opening configured to receive a portion of a first fastening element passing therethrough, thereby assisting in securing the first leg to a first portion of the patient's scapula. The second leg extends generally along a second arc from the first portion of the base. The second leg includes a second opening configured to receive a portion of a second fastening element passing therethrough, thereby assisting in securing the second leg to a second portion of the patient's scapula. The adjustable portion extends generally along a third arc from the second portion of the base in response to the first portion being joined to the second portion. The third leg has a third opening configured to receive a portion of a third fastening element passing therethrough, thereby assisting in securing the third leg to a third portion of the patient's scapula.

[0020] According to some implementations of the present disclosure, the glenoid implant includes a base element, a coupling element, and a reinforcement. The base element includes a central opening therethrough, a second opening therethrough, and a keel element extending from the back surface of the base element. The keel element is configured to fix the base element to a first portion of the patient's scapula. The second opening is configured to receive a portion of a first fastening element therethrough to assist in fixing the base element to a first portion of the patient's scapula. The coupling element includes a first elongated portion and a second portion. The first elongated portion includes a plurality of openings therethrough, and the second portion includes a central opening aligned with the central opening of the base element.

[0021] The reinforcement is configured to be received within the receiving space of the first elongated portion of the coupling element. The reinforcement includes a second plurality of openings therethrough. Each opening of the first plurality of openings is aligned with each opening of the second plurality of openings to receive a portion of a second fastening element therethrough to assist in fixing the coupling element and the reinforcement to a second portion of the patient's scapula. The coupling element and the reinforcement are configured to rotate relative to the base element and / or relative to the axis of the base element when coupled.

[0022] According to some implementations of the present disclosure, the glenoid implant includes a base element and a coupling element. The base element includes a central opening therethrough and a second opening therethrough. The second opening is configured to receive a portion of a first fastening element therethrough to assist in coupling the base element to a first portion of the patient's scapula. The coupling element includes a plurality of openings therethrough and a central opening aligned with the central opening of the base element. Each opening of the plurality of openings is configured to receive a portion of a second fastening element therethrough to assist in fixing the coupling element to a second portion of the patient's scapula. The coupling element is configured to rotate relative to the base element and / or relative to the axis of the base element.

[0023] According to some implementations of the present disclosure, a glenoid implant includes a base element, a coupling element, and a reinforcement. The base element includes a central opening therethrough, a second opening therethrough, and a keel element extending from the back surface of the base element. The keel element is configured to fix the base element to the first portion of the patient's scapula. The second opening is configured to receive a portion of a first fastening element therethrough to assist in fixing the base element to the first portion of the patient's scapula. The coupling element includes a first elongated portion and a second portion. The first elongated portion includes a plurality of openings therethrough. The second portion includes a central opening aligned with the central opening of the base element.

[0024] The reinforcement is configured to be received within the receiving space of the first elongated portion of the coupling element. The reinforcement includes a second plurality of openings therethrough. Each opening of the first plurality of openings is aligned with each opening of the second plurality of openings to receive a portion of a second fastening element therethrough to assist in fixing the coupling element and the reinforcement to the second portion of the patient's scapula. The coupling element and the reinforcement are configured to rotate relative to the base element and / or relative to the axis of the base element when coupled.

[0025] According to some implementations of this disclosure, the glenoid implant includes a base element, a connecting element, and a reinforcement. The base element includes a central opening through which it passes, a second opening through which it passes, and a male receiving element at the posterior end of the base element. The second opening is configured to receive a portion of the first fastening element through which it passes, thereby assisting in connecting the base element to a first portion of the patient's scapula. The connecting element includes a first elongated portion and a second portion. The first elongated portion includes a plurality of openings through which it passes. The second portion includes a central opening aligned with the central opening of the base element. The reinforcement is configured to be received within the receiving space of the first elongated portion of the connecting element. The reinforcement includes a plurality of second openings through which it passes. Each opening of the first plurality of openings is aligned with each opening of the second plurality of openings to receive a portion of the second fastening element through which it passes, thereby assisting in fixing the connecting element and the reinforcement to a second portion of the patient's scapula. The connecting elements and reinforcing members are configured to rotate relative to the base element and / or the axis of the base element when joined.

[0026] According to some implementations of this disclosure, the glenoid implant includes a base element, a removable wedge element, a central fastening element, and a glenoid bulb. The base element includes a central opening through which it passes, a second opening through which it passes, and a male receiving element at the posterior end of the base element. The second opening is configured to receive a portion of the first fastening element through which it passes, thereby assisting in the fixation of the base element to a first portion of the patient's scapula. The removable wedge element includes an opening. The opening is configured to receive the male receiving element of the base element and a third fastening element through which it passes, thereby assisting in the fixation of the removable wedge element to the base element. The central fastening element is configured to be at least partially positioned through the central opening of the base element, thereby assisting in the fixation of the base element to a first portion of the patient's scapula. The glenoid bulb is configured to be coupled to the base element via the central fastening element.

[0027] According to some implementations of this disclosure, the glenoid implant includes a base element and a connecting element. The base element includes a central opening through which it passes, a second opening through which it passes, and a keel element extending from the posterior surface of the base element. The keel element is configured to secure the base element to a first portion of the patient's scapula. The second opening is configured to receive a portion of the first fastening element through which it passes, thereby assisting in securing the base element to the first portion of the patient's scapula. The connecting element includes a first elongated portion and a second portion. The first elongated portion includes a plurality of openings through which it passes, and the second portion includes a central opening aligned with the central opening of the base element. Each of the plurality of openings is configured to receive a portion of the second fastening element through which it passes, thereby assisting in securing the connecting element to the second portion of the patient's scapula. The first elongated portion of the connecting element is positioned on the first side of the base element.

[0028] According to some implementations of this disclosure, the glenoid implant includes a base element, a connecting element, and a reinforcement. The base element includes a central opening through which it passes, a second opening through which it passes, and a keel element extending from the posterior surface of the base element. The keel element is configured to fix the base element to a first portion of the patient's scapula. The second opening is configured to receive a portion of the first fastening element through which it passes, thereby assisting in fixing the base element to the first portion of the patient's scapula. The connecting element includes a first elongated portion and a second portion. The first elongated portion includes a plurality of openings through which it passes, and the second portion includes a central opening aligned with the central opening of the base element. The reinforcement is configured to be received within the receiving space of the first elongated portion of the connecting element. The reinforcement includes a plurality of second openings through which it passes. Each opening of the first set of openings aligns with each opening of the second set of openings to receive a portion of the second fastening element passing through it, thereby assisting in the fixation of the connecting element and augment to the second portion of the patient's scapula. The connecting element and augment are positioned on the first side of the base element.

[0029] According to some implementations of this disclosure, the glenoid implant includes a base element, a connecting element, and a reinforcement. The base element includes a central opening, a second opening through the central opening, and a wedge element extending from the posterior surface of the base element. The wedge element is configured to fix the base element to a first portion of the patient's scapula. The second opening is configured to receive a portion of the first fastening element through which it passes, thereby assisting in fixing the base element to the first portion of the patient's scapula. The connecting element includes a first elongated portion and a second portion. The first elongated portion includes a plurality of openings through which it passes, and the second portion includes a central opening aligned with the central opening of the base element. The reinforcement is configured to be received within the receiving space of the first elongated portion of the connecting element. The reinforcement includes a plurality of second openings through which it passes. Each opening of the first set of openings aligns with each opening of the second set of openings to receive a portion of the second fastening element passing through it, thereby assisting in fixing the connecting element and augmentation material to the second portion of the patient's scapula.

[0030] According to some implementations of this disclosure, the glenoid implant includes a base plate and a keel element extending from the posterior surface of the base plate. The base plate includes a central opening through which it passes and a plurality of openings through which it passes. Each of the plurality of openings is positioned around the central opening. The keel element includes a central opening aligned with the central opening of the base element and a plurality of grooves. Each opening of the plurality of openings aligns with each groove of the plurality of grooves to receive a portion of a second fastening element passing through therein, thereby assisting in fixing a wedge element to a first portion of the patient's scapula. The keel element is shaped to compensate for a cavity defect in the first portion of the patient's scapula.

[0031] According to some implementations of this disclosure, the glenoid implant includes a base plate and a keel element extending from the posterior surface of the base plate. The base plate includes a central opening through which it passes and a first plurality of openings through which it passes. Each of the plurality of openings is positioned around the central opening. The keel element includes a central opening aligned with the central opening of the base element and a second plurality of openings. At least one opening of the first plurality of openings is aligned with at least one opening of the second plurality of openings to receive a portion of a second fastening element passing through it, thereby assisting in fixing the wedge element to a first portion of the patient's scapula.

[0032] According to some implementations of this disclosure, the glenoid implant includes a lining plate, a keel element, a glenoid bulb, and a central fastening element. The lining plate includes a projection element having a first central opening through which it passes, a receiving element opposite to the projection element, and a first plurality of openings through which it passes. Each of the plurality of openings is positioned around the central opening. The keel element includes a second central opening, a threaded element for assisting in fixing the keel element to a first portion of the patient's scapula, and a connecting element configured to connect with the receiving element of the lining plate. The glenoid bulb includes a third central opening and a receiving space configured to receive the projection element of the lining plate.

[0033] The central fastening element is positioned at least partially through the first central opening of the back plate, the second central opening of the keel element, and the third central opening of the glenoid fossa, and is configured to assist in coupling the glenoid fossa to the back plate and the keel element to the back plate.

[0034] According to some implementations of this disclosure, an articular implant includes a back plate, a keel element, an articular bulb, and a central fastening element. The back plate includes a first receptive element having a first central opening through which it passes, a second receptive element opposite to the first receptive element, and a first plurality of openings through which it passes. Each of the plurality of openings is positioned around the first receptive element. The keel element includes a second central opening, a threaded element for assisting in fixing the keel element to a first portion of the patient's scapula, and a connecting element configured to bond with the second receptive element of the back plate. The articular bulb includes a third central opening and a protruding element configured to be received within the first receptive element of the back plate. The central fastening element is at least partially positioned through the first central opening of the back plate, the second central opening of the keel element, and the third central opening of the articular bulb, and is configured to assist in bonding the articular bulb to the back plate and the keel element to the back plate.

[0035] The foregoing and additional aspects and implementations of this disclosure will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the detailed descriptions of various embodiments and / or implementations, which are then outlined and provided with reference to the drawings.

[0036] The aforementioned and other advantages of this disclosure will become apparent upon reading the detailed description below and referring to the drawings. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0037] [Figure 1] This is an exploded view of the articular implant in a first configuration, according to several implementations of the present disclosure. [Figure 2] Figure 1 is an iso-frontal perspective view of the glenoid implant surgically interfaced to the scapula. [Figure 3] Figure 1 is a lateral isometric perspective view of the articular implant. [Figure 4] Figure 1 is a front view of the articular implant having the first, second, and third cross-sections. [Figure 5]This is a side view of the articular implant in Figure 4 in the first cross-section. [Figure 6] This is a side view of the articular implant in Figure 4, in the second cross-section. [Figure 7] This is a side view of the articular implant in Figure 4, in the third cross-section. [Figure 8] Figure 1 is a frontal view of the glenoid implant surgically interfaced to the scapula, with fourth and fifth cross-sections. [Figure 9] This is a side view of the articular implant in Figure 8 in the first cross-section. [Figure 10] This is a side view of the articular implant in Figure 8, in the second cross-section. [Figure 11] This is a frontal isometric exploded view of an articular implant in a second configuration, according to several implementations of the present disclosure. [Figure 12] Figure 11 is a lateral isometric perspective view of the glenoid implant surgically interfaced to the scapula. [Figure 13] Figure 11 is a lateral isometric perspective view of the articular implant. [Figure 14] Figure 11 is a front view of the articular implant with a cross-section. [Figure 15] Figure 14 is a side view of the articular implant in cross-section. [Figure 16] Figure 11 is a posterior isometric view of an articular implant. [Figure 17] This is a frontal isometric exploded view of an articular implant in a third configuration, according to several implementations of the present disclosure. [Figure 18] Figure 17 is a posterior isometric view of an articular implant. [Figure 19] Figure 17 shows a lateral cross-sectional view of an articular implant surgically interfaced to the scapula. [Figure 20] This is a dorsal isometric exploded view of a glenoid implant in a fourth configuration, according to several implementations of the present disclosure. [Figure 21] Figure 20 is a frontal isometric exploded view of an articular implant. [Figure 22]Figure 20 is a first lateral view of the articular implant. [Figure 23] Figure 20 is a second lateral view of the articular implant. [Figure 24] This is a dorsal isometric exploded view of a glenoid implant in a fifth configuration, according to several implementations of the present disclosure. [Figure 25] Figure 24 is a frontal isometric exploded view of an articular implant. [Figure 26] Figure 24 is a lateral isometric view of the articular implant. [Figure 27] Figure 24 is a lateral cross-sectional view of an articular implant. [Figure 28] This is a frontal isometric exploded view of a glenoid implant in a sixth configuration, according to several implementations of the present disclosure. [Figure 29] Figure 28 is a posterior isometric exploded view of an articular implant. [Figure 30] Figure 28 is a frontal isometric view of the articular implant. [Figure 31] Figure 28 is a dorsal isometric view of the articular implant. [Figure 32] Figure 28 is an isometric cross-sectional view of an articular implant. [Figure 33] Figure 28 is a side view of the articular implant in the first implementation configuration. [Figure 34] Figure 28 is a side view of the articular implant in the second implementation configuration. [Figure 35] Figure 28 is a side view of the articular implant in the third implementation configuration. [Figure 36] This is a dorsal isometric exploded view of a glenoid implant in a seventh configuration, according to several implementations of the present disclosure. [Figure 37] Figure 36 is a frontal isometric exploded view of an articular implant. [Figure 38] This is a frontal isometric view of an articular implant in an eighth configuration, according to several implementations of the present disclosure. [Figure 39] Figure 38 is a dorsal isometric view of the articular implant. [Figure 40]Figure 38 is an isometric cross-sectional view of an articular implant. [Figure 41] This is a frontal isometric view of the articular implant in a ninth configuration, according to several implementations of the present disclosure. [Figure 42] Figure 41 is a dorsal isometric view of the articular implant. [Figure 43] Figure 41 is an isometric cross-sectional view of an articular implant. [Figure 44] This is a frontal isometric exploded view of a glenoid implant in a 10th configuration, according to several implementations of the present disclosure. [Figure 45] Figure 44 is a dorsal isometric exploded view of an articular implant. [Figure 46] Figure 44 is an isometric view of the right posterior aspect of the articular implant. [Figure 47] Figure 44 is an isometric view of the left posterior aspect of the articular implant. [Figure 48] Figure 44 is a lateral cross-sectional view of an articular implant. [Figure 49] Figure 44 is a frontal isometric view of a partially assembled articular implant. [Figure 50] Figure 44 is a frontal isometric view of a partially assembled articular implant. [Figure 51] This is a posterior isometric view of the glenoid sphere in a first configuration, according to several implementations of the present disclosure. [Figure 52] This is a dorsal isometric view of the glenoid sphere in a second configuration, according to several implementations of the present disclosure. [Figure 53] This is a dorsal isometric view of the glenoid sphere in a third configuration, according to several implementations of the present disclosure. [Figure 54] This is a dorsal isometric exploded view of an articular implant in an eleventh configuration, according to several implementations of the present disclosure. [Figure 55] Figure 54 is a frontal isometric exploded view of an articular implant. [Figure 56] This is a frontal isometric exploded view of an articular implant in a twelfth configuration, according to several implementations of the present disclosure. [Figure 57]Figure 56 is an isometric view of the right posterior aspect of the articular implant. [Figure 58] Figure 56 is a lateral cross-sectional view of an articular implant. [Figure 59] This is a frontal isometric exploded view of an articular implant in a 13th configuration, according to several implementations of the present disclosure. [Figure 60] Figure 59 is a dorsal isometric view of the articular implant. [Figure 61] This is a frontal isometric exploded view of an articular implant in a 14th configuration, according to several implementations of the present disclosure. [Figure 62] Figure 61 is a dorsal isometric view of the articular implant. [Figure 63] This is a frontal isometric exploded view of an articular implant in a 15th configuration, according to several implementations of the present disclosure. [Figure 64] Figure 63 is a dorsal isometric view of the articular implant. [Figure 65] This is a frontal isometric exploded view of an articular implant in a 16th configuration, according to several implementations of the present disclosure. [Figure 66] Figure 65 is a dorsal isometric view of the articular implant. [Figure 67] This is a frontal isometric exploded view of an articular implant in configuration 17, according to several implementations of the present disclosure. [Figure 68] Figure 67 is a dorsal isometric view of the articular implant. [Figure 69] This is a frontal isometric exploded view of an articular implant in configuration 18, according to several implementations of the present disclosure. [Figure 70] Figure 69 is a dorsal isometric view of the articular implant. [Figure 71] This is a frontal isometric exploded view of an articular implant in a 19th configuration, according to several implementations of the present disclosure. [Figure 72] Figure 71 is a dorsal isometric view of the articular implant. [Figure 73] This is a frontal isometric exploded view of a glenoid implant in a 20th configuration, according to several implementations of the present disclosure. [Figure 74] Figure 73 is a dorsal isometric view of the articular implant. [Figure 75] This is a frontal isometric exploded view of an articular implant in a 21st configuration, according to several implementations of the present disclosure. [Figure 76] Figure 75 is a dorsal isometric view of the articular implant. [Figure 77] This is a frontal isometric view of an articular implant in a 22nd configuration, according to several implementations of the present disclosure. [Figure 78] Figure 77 is a top view of the articular implant with a cross-section. [Figure 79] This is a side view of the articular implant in Figure 78 in cross-section. [Figure 80] Figure 77 is a first side view of the articular implant with a cross-section. [Figure 81] Figure 80 is a cross-sectional view of the first lateral view of the articular implant. [Figure 82] This is a second side view of the articular implant shown in Figure 77, which has a cross-section. [Figure 83] This is a second lateral view of the articular implant in Figure 82 in cross-section. [Figure 84] This is an isometric view of the apex of an articular implant in a 23rd configuration, according to several implementations of the present disclosure. [Figure 85] Figure 84 is a side view of the articular implant with a cross-section. [Figure 86] Figure 85 is a side view of the articular implant in cross-section. [Figure 87] Figure 84 is a top view of the articular implant, showing a cross-section. [Figure 88] This is a side view of the articular implant in Figure 87, in cross-section. [Figure 89] This is an isometric view of the top surface of an articular implant in a 24th configuration, according to several implementations of the present disclosure. [Figure 90] Figure 89 is a side view of the articular implant with a cross-section. [Figure 91]Figure 90 is a lateral view of the articular implant in cross-section. [Figure 92] Figure 89 is a top view of the articular implant, showing a cross-section. [Figure 93] This is a lateral view of the articular implant in Figure 92 in cross-section. [Figure 94] This is a dorsal isometric exploded view of a glenoid implant in a 25th configuration, according to several implementations of the present disclosure. [Figure 95] Figure 94 is a frontal isometric view of the articular implant. [Figure 96] This is a dorsal isometric exploded view of a glenoid implant in a 26th configuration, according to several implementations of the present disclosure. [Figure 97] Figure 96 is a frontal isometric view of the articular implant. [Figure 98] This is an exploded view of the articular implant in configuration 27, according to several implementations of the present disclosure. [Figure 99] Figure 98 is an iso-frontal perspective view of the glenoid implant surgically interfaced to the scapula. [Figure 100] This is an exploded view of a glenoid implant in a 28th configuration, according to several implementations of the present disclosure. [Figure 101] Figure 100 shows a frontal isometric perspective view of the glenoid implant surgically interfaced to the scapula. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0038] While various modifications and alternative forms are possible, specific implementations and embodiments are illustrated in the drawings and described in detail herein. However, it should be understood that this disclosure is not intended to limit itself to any particular form disclosed. Rather, this disclosure encompasses all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives that fall within the spirit and scope of this disclosure as defined by the appended claims.

[0039] Generally, the glenoid implant 100 is shown with reference to Figures 1 to 10. Figure 1 is an exploded view of the glenoid implant 100. Figure 3 is a lateral isometric perspective view of the glenoid implant 100. The glenoid implant 100 can be implemented in cases of severe bone loss and / or fractured glenoids, for example, by using the glenoid implant 100 to hold the glenoid together so that it can be restored. The glenoid implant 100 includes a base plate 140 and a first leg 110, a second leg 120, and a third leg 130 extending from the base plate 140. In some implementations, the first leg 110 can extend from the base plate 140 in a first direction, the second leg 120 can extend from the base plate 140 in a second direction, and the third leg 130 can extend from the base plate 140 in a third direction. The legs can be curved relative to the base plate 140. In an alternative mounting configuration, the legs 110, 120, and 130 can extend radially outward from the base plate 140 without curvature.

[0040] The base plate 140 includes a central opening 141 through which it passes. The first leg 110 also includes an opening 111. The opening 111 may be configured to receive a portion of a first fastening element 115 through which it passes. The second leg 120 includes an opening 121. The opening 121 may be configured to receive a portion of a second fastening element 125 through which it passes. Similarly, the third leg 130 includes an opening 131. The opening 131 may be configured to receive a portion of a third fastening element 135 through which it passes. While the first leg 110, the second leg 120, and the third leg 130 are described with respect to one opening, it should be understood that each leg may contain more than one opening. In some implementations, the second leg 120 is longer than both the first leg 110 and the third leg 130.

[0041] The glenoid implant 100 may also include a central fastening element 150 configured to be at least partially positioned through a central opening 141 of a base plate 140. The central fastening element 150 may be configured as a compression screw or a locking screw. The fastening element 150 includes a threaded component or threaded shaft 152, a head element 153, and a receiving element 151. The receiving element 151 is molded to receive a tool for turning and / or setting the central fastening element 150. In some implementations, the head 153 of the central fastening element 150 is configured to be coupled to one or more additional components using a Morse taper press fit. In an alternative implementation, the head 153 of the central fastening element 150 is configured to be coupled to a humeral head.

[0042] As best illustrated in Figure 2, the glenoid implant 100 can be surgically interfaced and / or placed in the patient's scapula 50. For the purposes of this disclosure, the scapula 50 is shown in four parts. The first part 51 of the scapula is the subglenoid tubercle (also referred to as the lateral edge of the scapula) and / or the subscapularis muscle; the second part 53 is the acromion; the third part 52 is the coracoid bone; and the fourth part 54 is the glenoid fossa. A first fastening element 115 can assist in fixing the first leg 110 to the subglenoid tubercle and / or the subscapularis muscle. A second fastening element 125 can assist in fixing the second leg 120 to the acromion. A third fastening element 135 can assist in fixing the third leg 130 to the coracoid bone. A central fastening element 150 can assist in fixing the base plate 140 to the glenoid fossa. For example, the central fastening element 150 can press the base plate 140 into the articular cavity. In an alternative implementation, the central fastening element 150 can simply be attached to the base plate 140 without pulling the base plate 140 into the articular cavity.

[0043] In some implementations, the first fastening element 115, the second fastening element 125, and the third fastening element 135 are configured to provide a glenoid implant 100 having bicortical supports. In this way, the first fastening element 115, the second fastening element 125, and the third fastening element 135 are configured to project from the scapula 50 opposite to the glenoid implant 100, potentially connecting two cortical plates. This is shown in Figures 8, 9, and 10. In some implementations, the first fastening element 115, the second fastening element 125, and the third fastening element 135 are configured to provide a glenoid implant 100 having a monocortical support. In some implementations, the first fastening element 115, the second fastening element 125, and the third fastening element 135 are self-tapping.

[0044] The first leg 110, the second leg 120, and the third leg 130 are curved to compensate for the curvature of the infraglenoid tubercle, acromion, and coracoid bone. In this way, the radii of curvature of the first leg 110, the second leg 120, and the third leg 130 help a substantial portion of the glenoid implant 100 to directly abut the infraglenoid tubercle, acromion, and coracoid bone, respectively. In some implementations, at least 75 percent of the posterior surface of the glenoid implant 100 directly abuts the scapula 50 before the application of bone graft material. In some implementations, at least 80 percent, 85 percent, 90 percent, or 95 percent of the posterior surface of the glenoid implant 100 directly abuts the scapula 50 before the application of bone graft material.

[0045] Figure 4 is a front view of the glenoid implant 100 having a first cross section 5-5, a second cross section 6-6, and a third cross section 7-7. Figure 5 is a side cross section of the glenoid implant 100 in the first cross section 5-5. Figure 6 is a side cross section of the glenoid implant 100 in the second cross section 6-6. Figure 7 is a side cross section of the glenoid implant 100 in the third cross section 7-7. As best shown in Figure 5, the first leg 110 is generally a first arc θ 1It can extend from the base plate 140 along. As shown in FIG. 7, the second leg 120 generally follows the third arc θ 3 It can extend from the base plate 140 along. As shown in FIG. 6, the third leg 130 generally follows the second arc θ 2 It can extend from the base plate 140 along.

[0046] The radius of curvature of each of the legs can be varied relative to each other. For example, the radius of curvature between the first arc θ 1 can be made larger than the radius of curvature of the second arc θ 2 In some alternative implementations, the radius of curvature of the second arc θ 2 is larger than the radius of curvature of the first arc θ 1 Furthermore, the radius of curvature of the first arc θ 1 can be made the same as the radius of curvature of the second arc θ 2 This is the same for the radius of curvature of the third arc θ 3 In some implementations, the radius of curvature of the third arc θ 3 is smaller than the radius of curvature of the second arc θ 2 and the radius of curvature of the first arc θ 1 In an alternative embodiment, the radius of curvature of the third arc θ 3 is the same as the radius of curvature of the second arc θ 2 and the radius of curvature of the first arc θ 1

[0047] ​As shown herein, the base plate 140, the first leg portion 110, the second leg portion 120, and the third leg portion 130 form a single monolithic part. However, in some implementations, the base plate 140 may include a first portion coupled to the second portion, such that a central opening is defined by the first and second portions. In this case, the first portion of the base plate, the first leg portion 110, and the second leg portion 120 form a first monolithic part, and the second portion of the base plate and the third leg portion 130 form a second monolithic part separate from the first monolithic part. This will be discussed in more detail with respect to Figure 11.

[0048] Referring here to Figures 11-16, the glenoid implant 200 is shown. Figure 11 is a front isometric exploded view of the glenoid implant 200. Figure 13 is a lateral isometric perspective view of the glenoid implant 200 in its assembled form. Figure 14 is a front view of the glenoid implant 200 having section 15-15. Figure 15 is a lateral cross-sectional view of the glenoid implant 200 at section 15-15. Figure 16 is a posterior isometric exploded view of the glenoid implant 200. The glenoid implant 200 includes a base having a first portion 230 and a second portion 260. The first portion 230 includes a first opening 240 through which it passes. The second portion 260 includes a second opening 265 through which it passes. In response to the coupling of the first portion 230 with the second portion 260, the first opening 240 may be configured to align with the second opening 265, thereby defining a central opening of the base.

[0049] The first leg 210 extends generally along a first arc from the first portion 230 of the base. The second leg 220 extends generally along a second arc from the first portion 230 of the base. The first leg 210 may include a first opening 211. The second leg 220 may include a second opening 221. The first opening 211 may be configured to receive a portion of a first fastening element 215 passing through it. Similarly, the second opening 221 may be configured to receive a portion of a second fastening element 225 passing through it. The articular implant 200 may also include a central fastening element 250 configured to be at least partially positioned through a first opening 240 and an aligned second opening 265.

[0050] In response to the coupling of the first portion 230 to the second portion 260, an adjustable third leg 270 extends from the second portion 260 of the base generally along a third arc. The adjustable third leg 270 may include a third opening 271 configured to receive a portion of a third fastening element 275 passing through it.

[0051] As best illustrated in Figure 12, the glenoid implant 200 can be surgically interfaced and / or implanted in the scapula 50. A first fastening element 215 (Figure 11) can assist in fixing the first leg 210 to the coracoid bone. A second fastening element 225 (Figure 11) can assist in fixing the second leg 220 to the acromion. A third fastening element 275 (Figure 11) can assist in fixing the adjustable third leg 270 to the infraglenoid tubercle. A central fastening element 250 can assist in fixing the base to the glenoid fossa. Similar to the glenoid implant 100, the first fastening element 215 and the second fastening element 225 are configured to project from the scapula 50 opposite the glenoid implant 200, potentially connecting two cortical plates. In an alternative implementation, the first fastening element 215 and the second fastening element 225 are configured to provide an articular implant 100 having a monocortical support.

[0052] The separation of the base into two components allows for the rotation of the second part 260 around the first part 230. In this way, the glenoid implant 200 can be adjusted to alter the anatomical structure of the scapula 50. Specifically, the angle between the adjustable third leg 270 and the first leg 210 can be adjusted to compensate for the distance between the first part of the scapula 52 and the third part of the scapula 51. This also applies to the angle between the adjustable third leg 270 and the second leg 220.

[0053] Generally, referring to Figures 17-19, the glenoid implant 300 is shown. As shown in Figure 17, the glenoid implant 300 may include a base having a first portion 330 and a second portion 360, which are similar to the first portion 230 and the second portion 260 of the base described above in relation to the glenoid implant 200. The first portion 330 may include a first trunnion 337 extending outward. The glenoid implant 300 may further include a glenoid bulb 350 having a central opening 351 and a first receptive space 352 (shown in Figure 18). The central opening 351 of the glenoid bulb 350 may be coupled to a first trunnion 337 of the first portion 330. The first trunnion 337 may include a central opening 340 through which it passes. The glenoid fossa 350 can be configured to be fixed to the glenoid implant 300 via a central fastening element 355 through a central opening 351, a central opening 340, and a central opening 365.

[0054] Figure 18 is a dorsal isometric exploded view of the glenoid implant 300. The dorsal surface of the first portion 330 may include a second trunnion 336 extending laterally. The first trunnion 337 and the second trunnion 336 may include a central opening 340 through which they pass. The second trunnion 336 may include a spline configured to rotatably connect to a corresponding groove in the second opening 365 of the second portion 360. In an alternative implementation, the second trunnion 336 may include a groove configured to rotatably connect to a corresponding spline in the second opening 365 of the second portion 360. The first receptive space 352 of the glenoid sphere 350 may be configured to receive an augmentation, which will be described in more detail below.

[0055] As shown in Figure 19, the glenoid implant 300 can be surgically interfaced to the patient's scapula 50. A first fastening element 315 (not shown), a second fastening element 325, a third fastening element 375, and a central fastening element 355 can assist in fixing the glenoid implant 300 to the glenoid fossa. The central fastening element 355 can press the glenoid implant 300 into the glenoid fossa. In an alternative implementation, the central fastening element 355 can be attached to the glenoid implant 300 without pulling the glenoid implant 300 into the glenoid fossa.

[0056] Generally, the glenoid implant 400 is shown with reference to Figures 20-23. Figures 20 and 21 are frontal and posterior isometric exploded views of the glenoid implant 400. Figures 22 and 23 are the first and second lateral views of the assembled glenoid implant 400. The glenoid implant 400 may include a first portion 430 and a second portion 360, which are the same as or similar to the first portion 330 and second portion 360 of the base described above in relation to the glenoid implant 300. Specific to the glenoid implant 400, the second leg 420 of the glenoid implant 400 may have a different geometric shape from the first leg 410. Specifically, the second leg 420 may be thicker than the first leg 410. In some implementations, the variation in leg thickness can be constant. In other implementations, the leg thickness can be adjusted during the surgical procedure. This is shown in the glenoid implant 500 in Figure 24.

[0057] Generally, the glenoid implant 500 is shown with reference to Figures 24 to 27. Figures 24 and 25 are frontal and posterior isometric exploded views of the glenoid implant 500. Figure 26 is a posterior lateral isometric view of the glenoid implant 500. Figure 27 is a lateral cross-sectional view of the glenoid implant 500. The glenoid implant 500 may include a first portion 530 and a second portion 360, which are the same as or similar to the first portion 430 and the second portion 360 of the base described above in relation to the glenoid implant 400.

[0058] Specific to the glenoid implant 500, the second leg 520 may be configured to connect to a reinforcement 590 to increase the thickness of the second leg 520. Specifically, the reinforcement 590 may include a slot 592 configured to receive a projection 523 extending from the second leg 520 so that the reinforcement 590 slides onto and connects to the second leg 520. The reinforcement 590 may include at least one opening 591. The opening 591 can be aligned with an opening 521 of the second leg 521. In this way, the second fastening element 525 can be received through the second opening 521 of the second leg 520 and the reinforcement opening 591 to help connect the second leg 520 and the reinforcement 590 to the glenoid fossa (similar to the glenoid fossa 300 in Figure 19). The articular implant 500 shows an augmentation member 590 coupled to a second leg 520, but it should be understood that the augmentation member 590 can be coupled to a first leg 510, a second leg 520, or an adjustable third leg 370.

[0059] The glenoid implant 500 may also include an offset element 570. The offset element 570 may include a base having a first trunnion 572 projecting from a first surface and a second trunnion 571 projecting from a second surface opposite to the first surface. The first trunnion 572 and the second trunnion 571 may have two different central axes. The first trunnion 572 can be aligned with the central opening 540 of the first portion 530 and the central opening 365 of the second portion 360. The second trunnion 571 can be aligned with the central opening 551 of the glenoid sphere. In this way, the glenoid sphere is coupled to the base such that the central axis of the central opening 540 of the base is not aligned with the central axis of the opening 551 in the glenoid sphere 550.

[0060] Generally, the glenoid implant 600 is shown with reference to Figures 28 to 35. Figures 28 and 29 are frontal and posterior isometric exploded views of the glenoid implant 600. Figures 30 and 31 are frontal and posterior isometric views of the glenoid implant 600. Figure 32 is a cross-sectional isometric view of the glenoid implant 600. The glenoid implant 600 may include a first portion 630 and a second portion 360, which are the same as or similar to the first portion 530 and the second portion 360 of the base described above in relation to the glenoid implant 500.

[0061] Specific to the glenoid implant 600, the first leg 610 and the second leg 620 may be configured with additional openings. As shown herein, the first leg 610 may include four openings 611. Each opening 611 may be configured to receive a portion of a first fastening element 615 passing through it. The second leg 620 may also include four openings 621. Each opening 621 may be configured to receive a portion of a second fastening element 625 passing through it. The additional openings in the first leg 610 and the second leg 620 assist in the lateralization of the glenoid implant 600.

[0062] While the second component 360 is illustrated by the multiple implementation forms discussed above, it should be understood that the geometric shape of the second component 360 can also be varied. Figures 33, 34, and 35 are side views of the articular implant 600 in the first, second, and third implementation forms, respectively. As best shown in Figure 33, the second component 360 may include a first thickness Δ1. The first leg 610 and the second leg 620 may also have a first thickness to compensate for the first thickness Δ1 of the second component 360. Figure 34 shows the second component 360 having a second thickness Δ2. The second thickness Δ2 may include an offset of 5 mm from the first thickness Δ1. The first leg 610 and the second leg 620 may have a second thickness to compensate for the second thickness Δ2 of the second component 360. Figure 35 shows the second component 360 having a third thickness Δ3. The third thickness Δ3 may include an offset of 10 mm from the first thickness Δ1. The first leg 610 and the second leg 620 may also have a third thickness to compensate for the third thickness Δ3 of the second component 360. In this way, when the first component 630 and the second component 360 are assembled, the dorsal surface of the articular implant 600 may have a continuous surface.

[0063] Generally, the glenoid implant 700 is shown with reference to Figures 36 and 37. Figures 36 and 37 are isometric and posterior views of the glenoid implant 700. The glenoid implant 700 may include a first portion 730 and a second portion 360, which are the same as or similar to the first portion 630 and the second portion 360 of the base described above in relation to the glenoid implant 600.

[0064] Specific to the glenoid implant 700, the scapular contact surface 712 of the first leg 710 may have a different geometric shape from the scapular contact surface 722 of the second leg 720. The scapular contact surface 712 of the first leg 710 may include a convex surface, while the scapular contact surface 722 of the second leg 720 and the adjustable third leg 370 may include a concave surface. Furthermore, the thickness of each leg may be varied as discussed above. Although the scapular contact surface 712 of the first leg 710 is illustrated with a convex surface, it should be understood that the contact surface 722 of the second leg 720 or the adjustable third leg 360 may also have a convex surface.

[0065] Referring temporarily to Figures 98 and 99, the glenoid implant 2500 is shown. Figure 98 is an exploded view of the glenoid implant 2500. Figure 99 is a lateral isometric perspective view of the glenoid implant 2500. The glenoid implant 2500 may include a first portion 2530 and a second portion 360, which are the same as or similar to the first portion 730 and the second portion 360 of the base described above in relation to the glenoid implant 700.

[0066] Specific to the glenoid implant 2500, the first leg 2510 and the second leg 2520 may have a flat surface and a rounded back surface configured to contact the scapula. In this configuration, each leg of the glenoid implant can be designed based on the contour of the scapula.

[0067] Referring temporarily to Figures 100 to 101, the glenoid implant 2600 is shown. Figure 100 is an exploded view of the glenoid implant 2600. Figure 101 is a lateral isometric perspective view of the glenoid implant 2600. The glenoid implant 2600 may include a first portion 2630 and a second portion 360, which are the same as or similar to the first portion 2530 and the second portion 360 of the base described above in relation to the glenoid implant 2500.

[0068] Specific to the glenoid implant 2500, the first leg 2510 and the second leg 2520 can each have a unique arc. In this configuration, each leg of the glenoid implant can be designed based on the contour of the scapula. Specifically, the first leg 2510 and the second leg 2520 are bent in appropriate places according to the anatomical structure of the scapula.

[0069] Generally, the second part 460 is shown with reference to Figures 38 to 40. Figures 38 and 39 are front and rear isometric views of the second part 460. Figure 40 is a cross-sectional isometric view of the second part 460. The second part 460 may include an adjustable leg 470 having an opening 471 and a body 466. The adjustable leg 470 may be configured to extend from the body 466. The body 466 may include a central opening 465. The second part 460 may also include a keel component 476 extending from the rear of the second part 460. The keel component 476 may be configured to be inserted into a cavity defect in the glenoid fossa of the scapula. This will be discussed in more detail below.

[0070] Generally, the second part 560 is shown by referring to Figures 41 to 43. Figures 41 and 42 are isometric front and rear views of the second part 560. Figure 43 is an isometric cross-sectional view of the second part 560. The second part 560 may include adjustable legs 570 and a body 566, which are similar to the adjustable legs 470 and the body 466 of the second part 460 described above.

[0071] Specific to the second part 560, the adjustable leg 570 may have a wider geometric shape than the adjustable leg 470 of the second part 460. In addition, the body 566 may have a greater thickness than the body 466 of the second part 460. It should be understood that the second part can vary in size and geometric shape based on the amount of bone loss in the patient. As best shown in Figures 40 and 43, the second part 560 can be angled for more severe bone loss. For example, the body 466 and the adjustable third leg 470 can be spaced 130-135 degrees apart. On the other hand, the body 566 and the adjustable third leg 570 can be spaced approximately 45 degrees apart. The glenoid fossa can be attached to the body 466 or 566. This will be discussed in more detail below.

[0072] Generally, the glenoid implant 800 is shown by referring to Figures 44 to 50. Figures 44 and 45 are frontal and posterior isometric exploded views of the glenoid implant 800. Figures 46 and 47 are right and left posterior isometric views of the glenoid implant 800. Figure 48 is a lateral cross-sectional view of the glenoid implant 800. Figures 49 and 50 are frontal isometric views of the partially assembled glenoid implant 800.

[0073] The glenoid implant 800 may include a first portion 830 and a second portion 560, which are similar to the first portion 730 and the second portion 360 of the base described above in relation to the glenoid implant 700. Specific to the glenoid implant 800, the first leg 810 and the second leg 820 may include different geometric shapes. The first leg 810 may have a single opening 811, and the second leg 820 may have a single opening 812. Furthermore, the first leg 810 and the second leg 820 do not extend far from the first trunnion 837. In fact, the first portion 830 is smaller in size than the earlier implementations considered herein. The first trunnion 837 may include a central opening 840 configured to align with the central opening 565 of the second portion 560.

[0074] As best shown in Figure 45, the first leg portion 810 may have a receiving space 812 configured to receive a reinforcement 805. Similarly, the second leg portion 820 may have a receiving space 822 configured to receive a reinforcement. The back surface of the first portion 830 may also include a second trunnion 836 configured to be received within a central opening 565 of the second portion 560. The reinforcement 805 may be provided to provide additional support to the articular implant 800 by increasing the relative thickness of the leg portions. Each reinforcement 805 may include a corresponding opening 806 that aligns, for example, with a first opening 811 of the first leg portion 810. The alignment of the openings allows the first fastening element 815 to be received through the first opening 811 of the first leg portion 810 and the opening 806 of the reinforcement 805.

[0075] The glenoid implant 800 may also include a central fastening element 855 configured to be at least partially positioned through the central opening 840 of the first portion 830 and the central opening 565 of the second portion 560. The glenoid implant 800 may also include a glenoid sphere 850 configured to be fixed to the first portion 830 and the second portion 560 via the central fastening element 855. As best shown in Figures 46 and 47, the glenoid sphere 850 may include a receptive space 852 configured to receive a reinforcement 804. The reinforcement 804 at the bottom of the glenoid sphere 850 may be attached by screw. Alternatively, the reinforcement 804 may be tapered and driven into the glenoid sphere 850.

[0076] As best illustrated in Figure 49, in some implementations, the head 856 of the central fastening element 855 is threaded. The threaded head 856 can be configured to connect with a threaded element 857. The threaded element 857 is configured to be received within a central opening 840 of the first portion 830, which is also threaded to receive the threaded element 857 in a threaded engagement. The central fastening element 855 and the threaded element 857 are configured to screw into place in alternative directions. That is, in some implementations, the central fastening element 855 is screwed into place in a first rotational direction (e.g., clockwise), and the threaded element 857 is screwed into place in a second opposing rotational direction (e.g., counterclockwise). In an alternative implementation shown in Figure 50, the head 856 of the central fastening element 855 is not threaded. The unthreaded head 856 is configured to connect with different versions of the threaded element 857. In this configuration shown in Figure 50, the central fastening element 855 is typically installed as described above (e.g., screwed into place in a first rotational direction), and then the threaded element 857 of Figure 50 is fitted and installed on the head 856 of the central fastening element 855. In this configuration of Figure 50, the interior of the threaded element 857 is not threaded. Rather, the interior of the threaded element 857 of Figure 50 can be an unthreaded cylindrical bore that slides over the head 856. This configuration of Figure 50 can accommodate minute movements between the central fastening element 855 and the threaded element 857, which can help prevent the central fastening element 855 from retracting from its installed position. The threaded element 857 of Figure 49 or Figure 50 may be included in any of the articular implants of this disclosure for the same or similar purposes as described herein.

[0077] The threaded element 857 is configured to be received within the central opening 840 of the first portion 830, which is also threaded. The threaded element 857 is configured to lock the central fastening element 855 in place. As best shown in Figure 48, the central opening 851 of the glenoid bulb 850 may be configured to receive the first trunnion 837. In this way, the glenoid bulb 850 is fixed to the base of the glenoid implant 800.

[0078] While the glenoid sphere 850 is shown as discussed above, it should be understood that the geometric shape of the glenoid sphere 850 can also be varied. Figures 51, 52, and 53 are posterior isometric views of the glenoid sphere 850 in the first, second, and third configurations, respectively. Figure 51 shows the glenoid sphere 850 with a central opening 851 and receptive slots 852 for one or two augmentations (not shown). Figure 52 shows the glenoid sphere 850 with a central opening 851, receptive slots 852, and a tab or wedge feature 853. Due to the position of the tab or wedge feature 853 on the glenoid sphere 850 (Figure 52), the position and size of the receptive slots 852 in the second configuration differ from the position and size of the receptive slots 852 in the first configuration (Figure 51). Figure 53 shows an articular sphere 850 having a central opening 851, a first tab or wedge feature 853, and a second tab or wedge feature 854 opposite the first tab or wedge feature 853. These tab / wedge features can assist in fixing the articular sphere 850 to other elements of the articular implant of this disclosure. They can also provide additional support to the scapula.

[0079] Generally, the glenoid implant 900 is shown with reference to Figures 54 and 55. Figure 54 is a dorsal isometric or perspective exploded view of the glenoid implant 900, while Figure 55 is a frontal isometric or perspective exploded view of the glenoid implant 900. The glenoid implant 900 includes a base element 960, a connecting element 930, and a reinforcement 940. The base element 960 has a central opening 961 and an adjustable third leg 970 including a second opening 971. The adjustable third leg 970 is adjustable relative to the connecting element 930 in such a way that the adjustable third leg 970 can rotate relative to the connecting element 930. The base element 960 includes a keel element 965 extending or protruding from the dorsal side of the base element 960. The keel element 965 is configured to assist in fixing the base element 960 to a first portion of the patient / user's scapula. The second opening 971 of the base element 960 is configured to receive a portion of the first fastening element 975 passing through it, thereby assisting in fixing the base element 960 to the first portion of the scapula. In some implementations, the first portion of the scapula is the glenoid fossa. The connecting element 930 includes a first elongated portion 910 and a second portion 935. The first elongated portion 910 includes a receiving space 920 (Figure 54) and an opening 911 passing through it. Furthermore, the second portion 935 includes a central opening 938 aligned with the central opening 961 of the base element 960 when the base element 960 is coupled to the connecting element 930.

[0080] The augmentation material 940 is sized and configured to be at least partially received within the receiving space 920 of the first elongated portion 910 of the connecting element 930. The augmentation material 940 includes an opening 941 through which it passes. Each opening 911 of the connecting element 930 aligns with each opening 941 of the augmentation material 940 to receive a portion of a second fastening element 915 passing through it. The second fastening element 915 can assist in securing the connecting element 930 and / or the augmentation material 940 to a second portion of the patient / user's scapula 50.

[0081] The second portion 935 of the connecting element 930 may include a first trunnion 937 and a second trunnion 936 opposite the first trunnion 937. The first trunnion 937 is configured to receive, or to be received within, the glenoid bulb (not shown). The second trunnion 936 may be configured to be received within the central opening 961 (Figure 55) of the base element 960. As a result, the connecting element 960 and the augmentation 940 are configured to rotate relative to the base element 960 and / or the axis of the base element 960 (e.g., the central axis of the central opening 961) when connected. Although three second fastening elements 915 are illustrated herein, it should be understood that not all second fastening elements 915 are necessary, for example, if the connecting element 960 and the augmentation 940 are to be rotated in one direction. The glenoid implant 900 can be implemented in cases of severe bone loss. The base element 960 may be configured as an inlay component, meaning that the keel element 965 may be shaped to compensate for a cavity defect or bone loss.

[0082] The glenoid implant 900 may also include a central fastening element 955 configured to be positioned at least partially through the central opening 961 of the base element 960 and the central opening 938 of the connecting element 930. The central fastening element 955 is similar to the variant having a central fastening element 855 in the glenoid implant 800.

[0083] The head 956 of the central fastening element 955 may be the same as or similar to the head 856 described above. Similarly, the glenoid implant 900 may include a threaded element 957, which is the same as or similar to the threaded element 857 described above.

[0084] Generally, Figures 56 to 58 illustrate the glenoid implant 1000. Figure 56 is a frontal isometric exploded view of the glenoid implant 1000. Figure 57 is a right posterior isometric view of the glenoid implant 1000. Figure 58 is a lateral cross-sectional view of the glenoid implant 1000.

[0085] The glenoid implant 1000 may include a base element 1060, a connecting element 1030, a reinforcement 1040, a central fastening element 1055 having a threaded head 1056 and a threaded element 1057, a first fastening element 1075, and a second fastening element 1015, which are similar to the base element 960, the connecting element 930, the reinforcement 940, the central fastening element 955 having a threaded head 956 and a threaded element 957, the first fastening element 975, and the second fastening element 915 of the glenoid implant 900. Specific to the glenoid implant 1000, the connecting element 1030 may have a shallower receiving area (not shown) than the receiving area of ​​the connecting element 930. The connecting element 1030 includes a first elongated portion 1010 and a second portion 1035. As shown in Figure 57, the first elongated portion 1010 includes a receptive space therein for receiving the reinforcement 1040. The first elongated portion 1010 also includes an opening 911 through which the second fastening element 1015 passes at least partially during installation to secure the articular implant 1000. Furthermore, the second portion 1035 includes a central opening 1038 aligned with the central opening 1061 of the base element 1060 when the base element 1060 is coupled to the coupling element 1030.

[0086] The reinforcement member 1040 includes an opening 1041 through which it passes. Each opening 1011 of the connecting element 1030 aligns with each opening 1041 of the reinforcement member 1040 to receive one portion of each of the second fastening elements 1015 passing through there. The second fastening elements 1015 can help secure the connecting element 1030 and / or the reinforcement member 1040 to the second portion of the patient / user's scapula 50.

[0087] Furthermore, the base element 1060 may include a tab or wedge feature 1072 extending from the opening 1071 of the adjustable third leg 1070. Additionally, the connecting element 1030 may have a single trunnion 1036 extending from the rear and configured to be received within the central opening 1061 of the base element 1060. Like the base element 960, the base element 1060 may include a keel element 1065 extending or protruding from the rear of the base element 1060.

[0088] The glenoid implant also includes a glenoid sphere 1050 connected to a connecting element 1030 via a trunnion 1052 of the glenoid sphere 1050 extending from the glenoid sphere 1050. The trunnion 1052 may be configured to be received within a central opening 1038 of the connecting element 1030. The glenoid sphere 1050 may include one or more receptive spaces 1053 (Figure 57) configured to receive one or more corresponding augmentations (not shown, but may be the same as or similar to augmentation 804). The augmentation at the base of the glenoid sphere 1050 may be attached by screw, or the augmentation may be tapered and driven into the glenoid sphere 1050. The glenoid sphere 1050 also includes a central opening 1051 (Figure 56) which allows a central fastening element 1055 and / or a threaded element 1057 to pass through (at least partially) during placement of the glenoid implant 1000 into the patient's bone.

[0089] Generally, the glenoid implant 1100 is shown with reference to Figures 59 to 60. Figures 59 and 60 are isometric and posterior views of the glenoid implant 1100. The glenoid implant 1100 includes a base element 1160, a connecting element 1130, a central fastening element 1155, a first fastening element 1175, and a second fastening element 1115, which are the same as or similar to the base element 1060, the connecting element 1030, the central fastening element 1055, the first fastening element 1075, and the second fastening element 1015 of the glenoid implant 1000. The base element 1160 has a central opening 1161 and an adjustable third leg 1170 including a second opening 1171. The adjustable third leg 1170 is adjustable with respect to the connecting element 1130 in such a way that the adjustable third leg 1170 can rotate relative to the connecting element 1130. The second opening 1171 of the base element 1160 is configured to receive a portion of the first fastening element 1175 passing through it, thereby assisting in fixing the base element 1160 to the first portion of the scapula 50.

[0090] The connecting element 1130 includes a first elongated portion 1110 and a second portion 1135 (Figure 60). The first elongated portion 1110 includes an opening 1111 through which it passes. Furthermore, the second portion 1135 includes a central opening 1138 that aligns with the central opening 1161 of the base element 1160 when the base element 1160 is connected to the connecting element 1130. Specific to the glenoid implant 1100, the connecting element 1130 has no receiving region because there are no augmentation components for attachment. The first elongated portion 1110 of the connecting element 1130 has an extended geometric shape and is not flat like its perforation discussed above. Furthermore, the second trunnion 1136 is relatively shorter than the trunnion 1036 discussed above. This is because the base component 1160 has a narrower contour than the base component 1060 discussed above.

[0091] The base element 1160 has a flat back surface when it is configured as an onlay component. The glenoid implant also includes a glenoid sphere 1150 connected to a connecting element 1130 via a trunnion 1152 of the glenoid sphere 1150 that extends from the glenoid sphere 1150. The trunnion 1152 may be configured to be received within a central opening 1138 of the connecting element 1130. The glenoid sphere 1150 may include one or more receptive spaces 1153 (Figure 60) configured to receive one or more corresponding augmentations (not shown, but may be the same as or similar to augmentation 804). The augmentations at the bottom of the glenoid sphere 1150 may be attached by screw, or the augmentations may be tapered and driven into the glenoid sphere 1150. The glenoid fossa 1150 also includes a central opening 1151 (Figures 59–60) which allows a central fastening element 1155 and / or a threaded element 1157 to pass through (at least partially) during placement of the glenoid implant 1100 into the patient's bone.

[0092] The head 1156 of the central fastening element 1155 may be the same as or similar to the head 856 described above. Similarly, the glenoid implant 1100 may include a threaded element 1157 which is the same as or similar to the threaded element 857 described above.

[0093] Generally, the glenoid implant 1200 is shown by referring to Figures 61 and 62. Figure 61 is a frontal isometric or perspective exploded view of the glenoid implant 1200, while Figure 62 is a posterior isometric view of the perspective exploded view of the glenoid implant 1200. The glenoid implant 1200 includes a base element 1260, a connecting element 1230, and a reinforcement 1240, which are the same as or similar to the base element 960, connecting element 930, and reinforcement 940 of the glenoid implant 900.

[0094] The base element 1260 has a central opening 1261 and an adjustable third leg 1270 including a second opening 1271. The adjustable third leg 1270 is adjustable relative to the coupling element 1230 in such a way that the adjustable third leg 1270 can rotate relative to the coupling element 1230. The base element 1260 includes a keel element 1265 extending or protruding from the back of the base element 1260. The keel element 1265 is configured to assist in securing the base element 1260 to a first portion of the patient / user's scapula. The second opening 1271 of the base element 1260 is configured to receive a portion of the first fastening element 1275 passing through it, thereby assisting in securing the base element 1260 to the first portion of the scapula. In some implementations, the first portion of the scapula 50 is the glenoid cavity. The connecting element 1230 includes a first elongated portion 1210 and a second portion 1235. The first elongated portion 1210 includes a receiving space 1220 (Figure 62) and an opening 1211 passing through it. Furthermore, the second portion 1235 includes a central opening 1238 that aligns with the central opening 1261 of the base element 1260 when the base element 1260 is connected to the connecting element 1230.

[0095] The augmentation member 1240 is sized and configured to be at least partially received within the receiving space 1220 of the first elongated portion 1210 of the connecting element 1230. The augmentation member 1240 includes an opening 1241 through which it passes. Each opening 1211 of the connecting element 1230 aligns with each opening 1241 of the augmentation member 1240 to receive a portion of a second fastening element 1215 passing through therein. The second fastening elements 1215 can assist in securing the connecting element 1230 and / or the augmentation member 1240 to a second portion of the patient / user's scapula 50.

[0096] The second portion 1235 of the connecting element 1230 includes a trunnion 1236, but compared to the glenoid implant 900, the glenoid implant 1200 does not include a first trunnion opposite to the trunnion 1236 that extends from the connecting element 1230 toward the glenoid sphere 1250. The trunnion 1236 can be configured to be received within the central opening 1261 (Figure 61) of the base element 1260. As a result, the connecting element 1230 and the reinforcement 1240 are configured to rotate relative to the base element 1260 and / or with respect to the axis of the base element 1260 (e.g., the central axis of the central opening 1261) when connected. Although three second fastening elements 1215 are illustrated herein, it should be understood that not all second fastening elements 1215 are necessary, for example, to rotate the connecting element 1260 and the reinforcement 1240 in one direction. The glenoid implant 1200 can be implemented in cases of severe bone loss. The base element 1260 can be configured as an inlay component, meaning that the keel element 1265 can be shaped to compensate for cavity defects or bone loss.

[0097] Instead of a connecting element 1230 that includes a trunnion such as the first trunnion 937 of the glenoid implant 900, the glenoid implant 1200 includes a double trunnion element 1280 that includes a first end 1281 and a second end 1282. The central fastening element 1255 can be received through the opening 1251 of the glenoid sphere 1250 and generally positioned through the double trunnion element 1280 such that at least a portion of the head 1256 of the central fastening element 1255 is inside the double trunnion element 1280. The threaded element 1257 can also be received through the opening 1251 of the glenoid sphere 1250 and generally positioned at the second end 1282 of the double trunnion element 1280. The threaded element 1257 is configured to assist in locking the double trunnion element 1280 to the coupling element 1230 and to assist in preventing the central fastening element 1255 from retracting (for example, from the double trunnion element 1280 and / or the glenoid bulb 1250). The threaded element 1257 is threaded onto the head 1256 of the central fastening element 1255 and / or onto the threads inside the second end 1282 of the double trunnion element 1280.

[0098] The glenoid fossa 1250 may include a receiving element 1253. The receiving element 1253 is configured to receive a reinforcement (not shown, but may be the same as or similar to the reinforcement 804). The reinforcement at the base of the glenoid fossa 1250 can be attached by screw. Alternatively, the reinforcement can be tapered and pressed into the glenoid fossa 1250 (e.g., by press-fitting or Morse taper fitting).

[0099] Generally, the glenoid implant 1300 is shown by referring to Figures 63 and 64. Figure 63 is a frontal isometric or perspective exploded view of the glenoid implant 1300, while Figure 64 is a posterior isometric view of the perspective exploded view of the glenoid implant 1300. The glenoid implant 1300 includes a base element 1360, a connecting element 1330, a reinforcement 1340, and a glenoid sphere 1350, which are the same as or similar to the base element 1160, the connecting element 1230, the reinforcement 1240, and the glenoid sphere 1250.

[0100] The base element 1360 has a central opening 1361 and an adjustable third leg 1370 including a second opening 1371. The adjustable third leg 1370 is adjustable relative to the coupling element 1330 in such a way that the adjustable third leg 1370 can rotate relative to the coupling element 1330. The base element 1360 includes a rear trunnion 1362 that extends from or protrudes from the rear of the base element 1360. The rear trunnion 1362 is configured to abut against a removable wedge reinforcement 1380.

[0101] The base element 1360 includes a receiving element or mounting portion 1363 positioned adjacent to the rear trunnion 1362. The removable wedge reinforcement 1380 includes one or more contact surfaces 1382 configured to contact one or more corresponding portions of the rear trunnion 1362 when the removable wedge reinforcement 1380 is coupled to the base element 1360. As shown, one or more contact surfaces 1382 are generally curved in a manner that aligns with and / or engages with the curvature and / or cylindrical outer surface of the rear trunnion 1362. Alternatively, one or more contact surfaces 1382 can have any shape and / or curve, or be flat and / or angled with respect to the central axis of the central opening 1381.

[0102] The removable wedge reinforcement 1380 includes a central opening, slot, or slit 1381 configured to receive a fastening element 1395 (e.g., a screw or bolt, or a threaded fastening element) passing through it. That is, in some implementations, the central opening 1381 is open on one side, either on the upper or end, so as not to be a through-hole type opening. When the fastening element 1395 is at least partially positioned through the central opening 1381, it engages with the mounting portion 1363 (e.g., in a threaded manner) to hold the removable wedge reinforcement 1380 on and engaged with the base element 1360.

[0103] The removable wedge reinforcement 1380 also includes a wedge portion 1390, which can have any size and / or shape to modify the overall shape and size of the base element 1360 when the removable wedge reinforcement 1380 is coupled to the base element 1360. Thus, the removable wedge reinforcement 1380 can be coupled to the base element 1360 to provide a base element 1360 having a unique geometric shape configured to be inserted into a cavity defect in the scapula. Various shapes and sizes of the removable wedge reinforcement 1380 can be provided, for example, in a kit to provide various combinations for the overall shape and size of the glenoid implant 1300.

[0104] The second opening 1371 of the base element 1360 is configured to receive a portion of the first fastening element 1375 passing through it, thereby assisting in fixing the base element 1360 to the first portion of the scapula. In some implementations, the first portion of the scapula 50 is the glenoid fossa. The connecting element 1330 includes a first elongated portion 1310 and a second portion 1335. The first elongated portion 1310 includes a receiving space 1320 (Figure 64) and an opening 1311 passing through it. Furthermore, the second portion 1335 includes a central opening 1338 aligned with the central opening 1361 of the base element 1360 when the base element 1360 is connected to the connecting element 1330.

[0105] The augmentation member 1340 is sized and configured to be at least partially received within the receiving space 1320 of the first elongated portion 1310 of the connecting element 1330. The augmentation member 1340 includes an opening 1341 through which it passes. Each opening 1311 of the connecting element 1330 aligns with each opening 1341 of the augmentation member 1340 to receive a portion of a second fastening element 1315 passing through therein. The second fastening elements 1315 can assist in securing the connecting element 1330 and / or the augmentation member 1340 to a second portion of the patient / user's scapula 50.

[0106] The second portion 1335 of the connecting element 1330 includes a trunnion 1336, but compared to the glenoid implant 900, the glenoid implant 1300 does not include a first trunnion opposite to the trunnion 1336 that extends from the connecting element 1330 toward the glenoid sphere 1350. The trunnion 1336 can be configured to be received within the central opening 1361 (Figure 63) of the base element 1360. As a result, the connecting element 1330 and the augmentation member 1340 are configured to rotate relative to the base element 1360 and / or with respect to the axis of the base element 1360 (e.g., the central axis of the central opening 1261) when connected. Although three second fastening elements 1315 are illustrated herein, it should be understood that not all second fastening elements 1315 are necessary, for example, if the connecting element 1360 and the augmentation member 1340 are to be rotated in one direction. The glenoid implant 1300 can be implemented in cases of severe bone loss. The base element 1360 can be configured as an inlay component, meaning that the keel element 1380 can be shaped to compensate for cavity defects or bone loss.

[0107] The glenoid sphere 1350 includes a trunnion element 1352 that engages with the central opening 1338 of a second portion 1335 of the connective element 1330, instead of a connective element 1330 that includes a trunnion such as the first trunnion 937 of the glenoid implant 900.

[0108] The central fastening element 1355 can be positioned through the trunnion element 1352, with at least a portion of the head of the central fastening element 1355 located within the central opening 1361 of the trunnion 1336 and / or base element 1360.

[0109] The glenoid fossa 1350 may include a receiving element 1353. The receiving element 1353 is configured to receive a reinforcement (not shown, but may be the same as or similar to the reinforcement 804). The reinforcement at the base of the glenoid fossa 1350 can be attached by screw. Alternatively, the reinforcement can be tapered and pressed into the glenoid fossa 1350 (e.g., by press-fitting or Morse taper fitting).

[0110] Generally, the glenoid implant 1400 is shown with reference to Figures 65 and 66. Figure 65 is a frontal isometric or perspective exploded view of the glenoid implant 1400, while Figure 66 is a posterior isometric view of the perspective exploded view of the glenoid implant 1400. The glenoid implant 1400 includes a base element 1460, a removable wedge reinforcement 1480, and a glenoid sphere 1450, which are the same as or similar to the base element 1360, removable wedge reinforcement 1380, and glenoid sphere 1350 of the glenoid implant 1300.

[0111] The base element 1460 has a central opening 1461 and an adjustable leg 1470 including a second opening 1471. The adjustable leg 1470 is adjustable relative to the glenoid fossa 1450 in that the adjustable leg 1470 can rotate relative to the trunnion 1454. The base element 1460 includes a dorsal trunnion 1462 extending from or protruding from the dorsal surface of the base element 1460. The dorsal trunnion 1462 is configured to abut against a removable wedge reinforcement 1480.

[0112] The glenoid implant 1400 differs from the glenoid implant 1300 in that it does not include a connecting element (e.g., connecting element 1330) and does not include a reinforcement (e.g., a reinforcement 1340). Since the glenoid bulb 1450 is directly connected to the base element 1460, these elements are at least partially removed from the glenoid implant 1400. Specifically, the trunnion 1454 of the glenoid bulb 1450 is connected to the central opening 1461 of the posterior trunnion 1462 of the base element 1460.

[0113] Like the removable wedge reinforcement 1380, the removable wedge reinforcement 1480 includes a central opening or slot or slit 1481, one or more contact surfaces 1482, a wedge portion 1490, and a fastening element 1495, which are the same as or similar to the central opening or slot or slit 1381, one or more contact surfaces 1382, the wedge portion 1390, and the fastening element 1395 of the removable wedge reinforcement 1380. Furthermore, the base element 1460 includes a mounting portion 1463 which can receive a portion of the fastening element 1495 and help hold the removable wedge reinforcement 1480 engaged with the base element 1460.

[0114] The glenoid implant 1400 also includes a first fastening element 1475 and a central fastening element 1455, which are the same as or similar to the first fastening element 1375 and central fastening element 1355 of the glenoid implant 1300. The central fastening element 1455 can be positioned generally through the dorsal trunnion 1462, receiving through the opening 1451 of the glenoid sphere 1450, such that at least a portion of the head of the central fastening element 1455 is located within the central opening 1461 of the trunnion 1454 and / or base element 1460.

[0115] The glenoid fossa 1450 may include a receiving element 1453. The receiving element 1453 is configured to receive a reinforcement (not shown, but may be the same as or similar to the reinforcement 804). The reinforcement at the base of the glenoid fossa 1450 can be attached by screw. Alternatively, the reinforcement can be tapered and pressed into the glenoid fossa 1450 (e.g., by press-fitting or Morse taper fitting).

[0116] Generally referring to Figures 67-68, the glenoid implant 1500 is shown, which is the same as or similar to the glenoid implant 1300, except that the trunnion element 1352 of the glenoid sphere 1350 is replaced by the central opening 1551 of the glenoid sphere 1550, and that an offset element 1566 is included. Therefore, for the glenoid implant 1500, similar elements are used similarly, and disclosures of such similar elements are not repeated.

[0117] Figure 67 is a frontal isometric or perspective exploded view of the glenoid implant 1500, while Figure 68 is a posterior isometric view of the perspective exploded view of the glenoid implant 1500. The glenoid implant 1500 includes a base element 1360, a connecting element 1330, a reinforcement 1340, a removable wedge reinforcement 1380, a glenoid sphere 1550, and an offset element 1566, and similar components use the same reference numbers from the glenoid implant 1300.

[0118] The glenoid sphere 1550 does not contain a trunnion, as it is connected to the connecting element 1330 using an offset element 1566. The offset element 1566 includes a base having a first trunnion 1567 protruding from a first surface and a second trunnion 1568 protruding from a second surface opposite to the first surface. The first trunnion 1567 and the second trunnion 1568 have two distinct central axes that are offset from each other. The first trunnion 1567 is aligned with the central opening 1338 of the connecting element 1330 and the central opening 1361 of the base element 1360. The second trunnion 1568 is aligned with the central opening 1551 of the glenoid sphere 1550. In this way, the glenoid sphere 1550 is connected to the connecting element 1330 such that the central axis x1 of the central opening 1338 of the connecting element 1330 does not align with the central axis x2 of the opening 1551 within the glenoid sphere 1550.

[0119] The glenoid fossa 1550 may include a receiving element 1553. The receiving element 1553 is configured to receive a reinforcement (not shown, but may be the same as or similar to the reinforcement 804). The reinforcement at the base of the glenoid fossa 1550 can be attached by screw. Alternatively, the reinforcement can be tapered and pressed into the glenoid fossa 1550 (e.g., by press-fitting or Morse taper fitting).

[0120] Generally, referring to Figures 69–70, the glenoid implant 1600 is shown, which is the same as or similar to the glenoid implant 1200, except that the coupling element 1630 of the glenoid implant 1600 differs from the coupling element 1230 of the glenoid implant 1200. Therefore, for the glenoid implant 1600, similar elements are used with the same reference, and the disclosure of such similar elements is not repeated.

[0121] Figure 69 is a frontal isometric or perspective exploded view of the glenoid implant 1600, while Figure 70 is a posterior isometric view of the perspective exploded view of the glenoid implant 1600. The glenoid implant 1600 includes a base element 1260, a double trunnion element 1280, a glenoid sphere 1250, and a connecting element 1630, and similar components use the same reference numbers from the glenoid implant 1200.

[0122] The coupling element 1630 is generally positioned or biased to one side of the base element 1260. The coupling element 1630 includes a first elongated portion 1610 and a central opening 1638. The elongated portion 1610 includes openings 1611 through which each is configured to receive a portion of the second fastening element 1315. The coupling element 1630 also includes a trunnion 1636 configured to be inserted into the central opening 1361 of the base element 1360.

[0123] Generally, referring to Figures 71 and 72, the glenoid implant 1700 is shown, which is the same as or similar to the glenoid implant 900, except that the coupling element 1730 of the glenoid implant 1700 is different from the coupling element 930 of the glenoid implant 900. Therefore, for the glenoid implant 1700, similar elements are used similarly, and the disclosure of such similar elements is not repeated.

[0124] Figure 70 is a dorsal isometric or perspective exploded view of the glenoid implant 1700, while Figure 71 is a frontal isometric view of the perspective exploded view of the glenoid implant 1700. The glenoid implant 1700 includes a base element 960, a first fastening element 975, a central fastening element 955, a threaded element 957, a connecting element 1630, and a reinforcement element 1740, and similar components are given the same reference numbers from the glenoid implant 900.

[0125] Both the connecting element 1730 and the reinforcement 1740 are generally positioned or biased to one side of the base element 960. The connecting element 1730 includes a first elongated portion 1710 and a second portion 1735. The elongated portion 1710 includes an opening 1711 through which each is configured to receive a portion of the second fastening element 915. The second portion 1735 of the connecting element 1730 includes and / or is the trunnion 1737, configured to be inserted into an opening or cavity of the glenoid fossa (not shown). The elongated portion 1710 of the connecting element 1730 includes a receiving space 1720 configured to receive the reinforcement 1740. The elongated portion 1710 has a relatively thinner contour compared to the elongated portion 1610 of the glenoid implant 1600. The reinforcement 1740 includes an opening 1741 through which it passes. Each opening 1711 of the connecting element 1730 is aligned with each opening 1741 of the reinforcing member 1740, and each receives a portion of the second fastening element 915 passing through it.

[0126] Generally referring to Figures 73-74, the glenoid implant 1800 is shown, which is the same as or similar to the glenoid implant 1500, except that the base element 1360 is replaced by the base element 1860, the removable wedge reinforcement 1380 is not included in the glenoid implant 1800, and the threaded element 1856 is included. The threaded element 1856 is configured to engage by thread with the corresponding threaded hole of the base element 1860. The threaded element 1856 helps to prevent the central fastening element 1355 from retracting (e.g., retracting into the first trunnion 1567 of the offset element 1566). Thus, for the glenoid implant 1800, similar elements are used similarly, and disclosures of such similar elements are not repeated. As shown, the threaded element 1856 is a cylindrical ring having an outer and inner surface. The outer surface is threaded, and the inner surface is threaded. In some configurations, the threaded outer surface is threaded in a first direction, and the threaded inner surface is threaded in a second, opposing direction. Thus, the threaded element 1856 can be screwed into the head of the central fastening element 1355 and into the threaded hole portion of the trunnion 1336. In some configurations, the threaded outer surface is threaded in a first direction, and the threaded inner surface is also threaded in a first direction.

[0127] Figure 73 is a frontal isometric or perspective exploded view of the glenoid implant 1800, while Figure 74 is a posterior isometric view of the perspective exploded view of the glenoid implant 1800. The glenoid implant 1800 includes a connecting element 1330, a reinforcement element 1340, a glenoid sphere 1550, an offset element 1566, and a base element 1860, and similar components use the same reference numbers from glenoid implants 1300 and 1500.

[0128] The base element 1860 has a single wedge shape. As best shown in Figure 74, the left side or first rear side 1870 of the base element 1860 is longer than the right side or second rear side 1872 opposite the base element 1860 in order to create a unique contour for a particular cavity defect. In other words, the first part of the base element 1860 surrounds the central opening 1861, and the second part of the base element 1860 surrounds the second opening 1871. The second part of the base element 1860 can be divided into two opposing sides, namely the first or left side 1870 and the second or right side 1872 as referred above. As shown, the thickness or width of the first or left side 1870 is greater than the thickness or width of the second or right side 1872, which provides a base element shape that is generally wedge-shaped (for example, from left to right, the wedge thickness transitions from a relatively thick state to a relatively thin state).

[0129] Generally, the glenoid implant 1900 is shown with reference to Figures 75 and 76. Figure 75 is a frontal isometric or perspective exploded view of the glenoid implant 1900, while Figure 76 is a posterior isometric or perspective exploded view of the glenoid implant 1900. The glenoid implant 1900 includes a base element 1960, a connecting element 1930, and a reinforcement 1940. The base element 1960 has a central opening 1961 and an adjustable third leg 1970 including a second opening 1971. The adjustable third leg 1970 is adjustable with respect to the connecting element 1930 in such a way that the adjustable third leg 1970 can rotate relative to the connecting element 1930. Base element 1960 is similar to base element 960, except that its overall shape is wedge-shaped, in contrast to those containing a keel element such as keel element 965 (Figure 55). A second opening 1971 of base element 1960 is configured to receive a portion of the first fastening element 1975 passing through it, thereby assisting in fixing base element 1960 to the first portion of the scapula. In some implementations, the first portion of the scapula is the glenoid cavity. Connecting element 1930 includes a first elongated portion 1910 and a second portion 1935. The first elongated portion 1910 includes a receiving space 1920 (Figure 76) and an opening 1911 passing through it. Furthermore, the second portion 1935 includes a central opening 1938 that aligns with the central opening 1961 of the base element 1960 when the base element 1960 is joined to the connecting element 1930.

[0130] The augmentation member 1940 is sized and configured to be at least partially received within the receiving space 1920 of the first elongated portion 1910 of the connecting element 1930. The augmentation member 1940 includes an opening 1941 through which it passes. Each opening 1911 of the connecting element 1930 aligns with each opening 1941 of the augmentation member 1940 to receive a portion of a second fastening element 1915 passing through therein. The second fastening elements 1915 can assist in securing the connecting element 1930 and / or the augmentation member 1940 to a second portion of the patient / user's scapula 50.

[0131] The second portion 1935 of the coupling element 1930 may include a first trunnion 1937 and a second trunnion 1936 opposite the first trunnion 1937. The first trunnion 1937 is configured to receive, or to be received within, an articular bulb (not shown). The second trunnion 1936 may be configured to be received within the central opening 1961 (Figure 75) of the base element 1960. As a result, the coupling element 1960 and the reinforcement 1940 are configured to rotate relative to the base element 1960 and / or with respect to the axis of the base element 1960 (e.g., the central axis of the central opening 1961) when coupled. Although three second fastening elements 1915 are illustrated herein, it should be understood that not all second fastening elements 1915 are necessary, for example, to rotate the coupling element 1960 and the reinforcement 1940 in one direction. The glenoid implant 1900 can be implemented in cases of severe bone loss.

[0132] The glenoid implant 1900 may also include a central fastening element 1955 configured to be positioned at least partially through the central opening 1961 of the base element 1960 and the central opening 1938 of the connecting element 1930. The central fastening element 1955 is similar to the variant having a central fastening element 1855 in the glenoid implant 800.

[0133] The head of the central fastening element 1955 may be the same as or similar to the head 856 described above. Similarly, the glenoid implant 1900 may include a threaded element 1956 which is the same as or similar to the threaded element 857 (or other threaded element) described above.

[0134] Generally, the glenoid implant 2000 is shown by referring to Figures 77 to 83. Figure 77 is a frontal isometric view of the glenoid implant 2000. Figure 78 is a top view of the glenoid implant 2000 with section 79-79. Figure 79 is a side view of the glenoid implant 2000 with section 79-79. Figure 80 is a first top view of the glenoid implant 2000 with section 81-81. Figure 81 is a first side view of the glenoid implant 2000 with section 81-81. Figure 82 is a second top view of the glenoid implant 2000 with section 83-83. Figure 83 is a second side view of the glenoid implant 2000 with section 83-83.

[0135] The glenoid implant 2000 may include a base plate 2010, a trunnion 2035 extending therefrom (for example, for engaging with the glenoid bulb), and a keel element 2020. The glenoid implant 2000 may include a central opening 2040 through which a central fastening element 2055 passing through is configured to receive. The glenoid implant 2000 may also include an opening 2011 through which each opening 2011 may be positioned around the central opening 2040. The keel element 2020 may extend from the back surface of the base plate 2010. The central opening 2040 may extend through the keel element 2020 so that the keel element 2020 and the base plate 2010 are aligned. The keel element 2020 may also include a groove 2021. Each opening 2011 of the base plate 2010 aligns with each groove 2021 of the keel element 2020, allowing it to receive a portion of the second fastening element 2015 passing through it. The keel element 2020 is molded to compensate for a cavity defect within the patient's scapula.

[0136] Generally, the glenoid implant 2100 is shown by referring to Figures 84 to 88. Figure 84 is a top isometric view of the glenoid implant 2100. Figure 85 is a side view of the glenoid implant 2100 with section 86-86. Figure 86 is a side view of the glenoid implant 2100 with section 86-86. Figure 87 is a top view of the glenoid implant 2100 with section 88-88. Figure 88 is a side view of the glenoid implant 2100 with section 88-88.

[0137] The glenoid implant 2100 includes a base plate 2110, a trunnion 2137 extending therefrom (for example, for engaging with the glenoid bulb), a first keel portion 2120, and a second keel portion 2130. The glenoid implant 2100 may include a central opening 2140 through which a central fastening element 2155 passing through is configured to receive therein.

[0138] The first keel portion 2120 and the second keel portion 2130 together form a stepped keel element. The first keel portion 2120 is generally adjacent to one side of the base plate 2110, and the second keel portion is generally adjacent to the center of the base plate 2110. In this way, as best shown in Figures 84 and 85, at least one second fastening element 2115 does not pass through the keel element.

[0139] Generally, the glenoid implant 2200 is shown by referring to Figures 89 to 93. Figure 89 is a perspective view of the glenoid implant 2200. Figure 90 is a first side view of the glenoid implant 2200. Figure 91 is a side cross-sectional view of the glenoid implant 2200 at cross-section 91-91 in Figure 90. Figure 92 is a second side view of the glenoid implant 2200. Figure 93 is a side cross-sectional view of the glenoid implant 2200 at cross-section 93-93 in Figure 92.

[0140] The glenoid implant 2200 includes a base plate 2210, a trunnion 2237 extending therefrom (for example, for engaging with the glenoid fossa), and a keel element 2230. The glenoid implant 2100 may include a central opening 2240 through which a central fastening element 2255 passes. The keel element 2230 is a single central wedge component. In such a configuration, more than one second fastening element 2215 does not pass through the keel element 2230 (see Figure 90) but enters directly into the scapula.

[0141] Generally, the glenoid implant 2300 is shown with reference to Figures 94 and 95. Figures 94 and 95 are isometric and anterior views of the glenoid implant 2300, respectively. The glenoid implant 2300 includes a posterior plate 2330, a keel element 2360, a glenoid sphere 2350, and a central fastening element 2310. The posterior plate 2330 includes a projection element 2336 (Figure 95) having a first central opening 2340 through which it passes. The posterior plate 2330 may also include a receiving element 2335 opposite the projection element 2336. The receiving element 2335 may have a raised contour. The posterior plate 2330 may also include openings 2331 through which it passes. Each opening 2331 is positioned around the central opening 2340. The keel element 2360 may include a second central opening 2363. The keel element 2360 may include a threaded element 2365 to assist in fixing the keel element to a portion of the scapula. Furthermore, the keel element 2360 may include a locking element 2361 configured to connect with a receiving element 2335 of the lining plate 2330. The glenoid sphere 2350 may include a third central opening 2352. The glenoid sphere 2350 may also include a receiving space 2351 having a unique contour corresponding to a protruding element 2336 of the lining plate 2330.

[0142] The central fastening element 2310 can be configured to be positioned at least partially through the first central opening 2340 of the back plate 2330, the second central opening 2363 of the keel element 2360, and the third central opening 2352 of the glenoid fossa 2350. The central fastening element 2310 can assist in connecting the glenoid fossa 2350 to the back plate 2330 and the keel element 2360 to the back plate 2330.

[0143] In some implementations, the receiving element 2335 of the back plate 2330 includes a spline configured to non-rotatably connect to the corresponding groove of the connecting element 2361 of the keel element 2360. In an alternative implementation, the receiving element 2335 of the back plate 2330 includes a groove configured to non-rotatably connect to the corresponding spline of the connecting element 2361 of the keel element 2360.

[0144] Generally, the glenoid implant 2400 is shown with reference to Figures 96 and 97. Figures 96 and 97 are anterior and posterior isometric exploded views of the glenoid implant 2400. The glenoid implant 2400 includes a lining plate 2430, a keel element 2460, a glenoid bulb 2450, and a central fastening element 2410, which are similar to the lining plate 2330, keel element 2360, glenoid bulb 2350, and central fastening element 2310 of the glenoid implant 2300. The lining plate 2430 may include a receiving element 2440 instead of a protruding element 2336. The glenoid bulb 2450 may include a protruding element 2452 configured to be received within the receiving element 2440 of the lining plate 2430. The glenoid bulb 2450 may also include a wedge element 2453 configured to abut against the lining plate 2430 when coupled to the glenoid bulb 2450.

[0145] (Alternative implementation) Alternative Implementation Form 1. A glenoid implant comprising: a base plate having a central opening through which it passes; a first leg extending generally along a first arc from the base plate and having a first opening therein configured to receive a portion of a first fastening element passing therein to assist in fixing the first leg to a first portion of the patient's scapula; and a second leg extending generally along a second arc from the base plate and having a second opening therein configured to receive a portion of a second fastening element passing therein to assist in fixing the second leg to a second portion of the patient's scapula.

[0146] Alternative implementation form 2. An articular implant as described in Alternative Implementation Form 1, wherein the radius of curvature of the first arc is greater than the radius of curvature of the second arc.

[0147] Alternative implementation form 3. An articular implant as described in Alternative Implementation Form 1, wherein the radius of curvature of the first arc is the same as the radius of curvature of the second arc.

[0148] Alternative implementation form 4. An articular implant as described in Alternative Implementation Form 1, wherein the radius of curvature of the second arc is greater than the radius of curvature of the first arc.

[0149] Alternative implementation form 5. The glenoid implant described in Alternative implementation form 1, wherein the first part of the patient's scapula is the acromion.

[0150] Alternative implementation form 6. The articular implant described in Alternative Implementation Form 1, wherein the second part of the patient's scapula is the coracoid bone.

[0151] Alternative implementation form 7. An articular implant according to alternative implementation form 1, further comprising a third leg extending from a base plate generally along a third arc, the third leg having a third opening configured therein to receive a portion of a third fastening element passing through it, thereby assisting in fixing the third leg to a third portion of the patient's scapula.

[0152] Alternative implementation form 8. The articular implant according to alternative implementation form 7, wherein the radius of curvature of the third arc is smaller than the radius of curvature of the second arc and the radius of curvature of the first arc.

[0153] Alternative implementation form 9. The articular implant described in Alternative Implementation Form 7, wherein the radius of curvature of the third arc is the same as the radius of curvature of the second arc and the radius of curvature of the first arc.

[0154] Alternative implementation form 10. The glenoid implant described in Alternative Implementation Form 7, wherein the third portion of the patient's scapula is the inglenoid tubercle.

[0155] Alternative implementation form 11. The articular implant according to alternative implementation form 7, wherein the base plate, first leg, second leg, and third leg form a single monolithic portion.

[0156] Alternative implementation form 12. An articular implant according to alternative implementation form 7, wherein the base plate includes a first part coupled to a second part such that a central opening is defined by the first and second parts.

[0157] Alternative implementation form 13. An articular implant according to alternative implementation form 12, wherein the first portion, first leg, and second leg of the base plate form a first monolithic portion, and the second portion and third leg of the base plate form a second monolithic portion separate from and distinct from the first monolithic portion.

[0158] Alternative implementation form 14. The glenoid implant according to alternative implementation form 7, wherein the first leg, second leg, and third leg are curved to compensate for the curvature of the first, second, and third portions of the patient's scapula.

[0159] Alternative implementation form 15. The articular implant according to alternative implementation form 7, wherein the first leg, second leg, and third leg extend generally along the first arc, second arc, and third arc, respectively, such that each of the first leg, second leg, and third leg has a radius of curvature.

[0160] Alternative Implementation Mode 16. The glenoid implant according to Alternative Implementation Mode 15, wherein the radii of curvature of the first leg, second leg, and third leg help to directly contact the first, second, and third portions of the patient's scapula, respectively, with a substantial portion of the glenoid implant.

[0161] Alternative implementation form 17. The glenoid implant according to alternative implementation form 16, wherein at least 75 percent of the posterior surface of the glenoid implant is in direct contact with the patient's scapula before the bone graft material is applied.

[0162] Alternative implementation form 18. The articular implant according to alternative implementation form 7, wherein the second leg is longer than the second and third legs.

[0163] Alternative Implementation Mode 19. The glenoid implant according to Alternative Implementation Mode 1, further comprising a central fastening element configured to assist in securing the base plate to a fourth portion of the patient's scapula, at least partially positioned through a central opening of the base plate.

[0164] Alternative implementation form 20. The glenoid implant described in alternative implementation form 19, wherein the fourth portion of the patient's scapula is the glenoid fossa.

[0165] Alternative implementation form 21. The articular implant according to alternative implementation form 19, wherein the head of the central fastening element is configured to be coupled with one or more additional components using Morse taper press-fitting.

[0166] Alternative implementation form 22. The glenoid implant according to alternative implementation form 19, wherein the head of the central fastening element is configured to connect with the humeral head.

[0167] Alternative implementation form 23. An articular implant according to alternative implementation form 19, wherein the central fastening element includes a compression screw.

[0168] Alternative implementation form 24. An articular implant according to alternative implementation form 19, wherein the central fastening element includes a locking screw.

[0169] Alternative implementation form 25. The articular implant according to alternative implementation form 1, wherein the first fastening element and the second fastening element are configured to provide an articular implant having both cortical supports.

[0170] Alternative Implementation Mode 26. The articular implant according to Alternative Implementation Mode 1, wherein the first fastening element and the second fastening element are configured to provide an articular implant having a monocortical support.

[0171] Alternative Implementation Form 27. A glenoid implant comprising: a base plate having a central opening through which it passes; a first leg extending from the base plate in a first direction, having a first opening therein configured to receive a portion of a first fastening element passing therein and to assist in fixing the first leg to a first portion of the patient's scapula; and a second leg extending from the base plate in a second direction, having a second opening therein configured to receive a portion of a second fastening element passing therein and to assist in fixing the second leg to a second portion of the patient's scapula.

[0172] Alternative implementation form 28. The glenoid implant described in alternative implementation form 27, wherein the first part of the patient's scapula is the acromion.

[0173] Alternative implementation form 29. The articular implant described in Alternative Implementation Form 27, wherein the second part of the patient's scapula is the coracoid bone.

[0174] Alternative implementation form 30. An articular implant according to alternative implementation form 27, further comprising a third leg extending from a base plate in a generally third direction, the third leg having a third opening configured therein to receive a portion of a third fastening element passing through it, thereby assisting in fixing the third leg to a third portion of the patient's scapula.

[0175] Alternative implementation form 31. The glenoid implant described in alternative implementation form 30, wherein the third portion of the patient's scapula is the inglenoid tubercle.

[0176] Alternative implementation form 32. An articular implant according to alternative implementation form 30, wherein the base plate, first leg, second leg, and third leg form a single monolithic portion.

[0177] Alternative implementation form 33. An articular implant according to alternative implementation form 30, wherein the base plate includes a first part coupled to a second part such that a central opening is defined by the first and second parts.

[0178] Alternative implementation form 34. An articular implant according to alternative implementation form 33, wherein the first portion, first leg, and second leg of the base plate form a first monolithic portion, and the second portion and third leg of the base plate form a second monolithic portion separate from and distinct from the first monolithic portion.

[0179] Alternative implementation form 35. The glenoid implant according to alternative implementation form 30, wherein the first leg, second leg, and third leg are curved to compensate for the curvature of the first, second, and third portions of the patient's scapula.

[0180] Alternative implementation form 36. An articular implant according to alternative implementation form 30, wherein the first leg, second leg, and third leg extend generally along the first arc, second arc, and third arc, respectively, such that each of the first leg, second leg, and third leg has a radius of curvature.

[0181] Alternative implementation form 37. The glenoid implant according to alternative implementation form 36, wherein the radii of curvature of the first leg, second leg, and third leg help to directly contact the first, second, and third portions of the patient's scapula, respectively, with a substantial portion of the glenoid implant.

[0182] Alternative implementation form 38. The glenoid implant according to alternative implementation form 37, wherein at least 75 percent of the posterior surface of the glenoid implant is in direct contact with the patient's scapula before the bone graft material is applied.

[0183] Alternative implementation form 39. The glenoid implant according to alternative implementation form 27, further comprising a central fastening element configured to assist in securing the base plate to a fourth portion of the patient's scapula, at least partially positioned through a central opening of the base plate.

[0184] Alternative Implementation Form 40. A glenoid implant comprising a base comprising a first portion and a second portion, wherein the first portion has a first opening through which it passes, and the second portion has a second opening through which it passes, and the first opening is configured to align with the second opening in response to the first portion being coupled to the second portion, thereby defining a central opening of the base; and a first leg extending generally along a first arc from the first portion of the base, having a first opening therein that is configured to receive a portion of a first fastening element passing therein, thereby assisting in fixing the first leg to a first portion of the patient's scapula; and a second leg generally A glenoid implant comprising: a second leg extending from a first portion of a base along an arc, having a second opening therein configured to receive a portion of a second fastening element passing therethrough, thereby assisting in fixing the second leg to a second portion of a patient's scapula; and a third adjustable third leg extending generally along a third arc from the second portion of the base in response to the first portion being coupled to the second portion, having a third opening therein configured to receive a portion of a third fastening element passing therethrough, thereby assisting in fixing the third leg to a third portion of a patient's scapula.

[0185] Alternative implementation form 41. The glenoid implant described in alternative implementation form 40, wherein the first part of the patient's scapula is the acromion.

[0186] Alternative implementation form 42. The articular implant described in alternative implementation form 40, wherein the second part of the patient's scapula is the coracoid bone.

[0187] Alternative implementation form 43. The glenoid implant described in alternative implementation form 40, wherein the third portion of the patient's scapula is the inglenoid tubercle.

[0188] Alternative implementation form 44. The glenoid implant according to alternative implementation form 40, further comprising a central fastening element configured to assist in fixing the base to a fourth portion of the patient's scapula, at least partially positioned through a central opening of the base.

[0189] Alternative implementation form 45. The glenoid implant described in alternative implementation form 44, wherein the fourth portion of the patient's scapula is the glenoid fossa.

[0190] Alternative implementation form 46. An articular implant according to alternative implementation form 44, further comprising an articular sphere configured to be fixed to a base via a central fastening element.

[0191] Alternative implementation form 47. The articular implant according to alternative implementation form 46, further comprising an offset element, the offset element assisting in the coupling of the articular sphere to the base such that the central axis of the central opening of the base does not align with the central axis of the opening within the articular sphere.

[0192] Alternative implementation form 48. An articular implant according to alternative implementation form 47, wherein the offset element comprises a base, a first coupling element protruding from a first surface of the base adjacent to a first end of the base, and a second coupling element protruding from a second opposing surface of the base adjacent to a second opposing end of the base.

[0193] Alternative implementation form 49. An articular implant according to alternative implementation form 40, wherein a spline is configured to rotatably connect a first opening of a first portion of the base to a corresponding groove of a second opening of a second portion of the base.

[0194] Alternative implementation form 50. An articular implant according to alternative implementation form 49, wherein the angle between the adjustable third leg and the adjustable first leg can be adjusted to compensate for the distance between the first portion of the patient's scapula and the third portion of the patient's scapula.

[0195] Alternative implementation form 51. An articular implant according to alternative implementation form 40, wherein a first opening of a first portion of the base includes a groove configured to be non-rotatably coupled to a corresponding spline of a second opening of a second portion of the base.

[0196] Alternative implementation form 52. The articular implant according to alternative implementation form 40, further comprising a reinforcing member coupled to at least one of a first leg, a second leg, and an adjustable third leg, configured to increase its relative thickness.

[0197] Alternative implementation form 53. The articular implant according to alternative implementation form 40, further comprising a reinforcing member connected to the first leg and configured to increase the relative thickness of the first leg.

[0198] Alternative implementation form 54. The articular implant according to alternative implementation form 53, wherein the augmentation material comprises at least one slot configured to receive at least one projection extending from the first leg, such that the augmentation material slides onto and connects to the first leg.

[0199] Alternative implementation form 55. The glenoid implant according to alternative implementation form 53, wherein the augmentation material has a corresponding opening that aligns with the first opening of the first leg, so that the first fastening element is received through the first opening of the first leg and the augmentation material opening, and is configured to assist in connecting the first leg and the augmentation material to the first portion of the patient's scapula.

[0200] Alternative implementation form 56. The articular implant according to alternative implementation form 40, further comprising a reinforcing member connected to a third leg and configured to increase the relative thickness of the third leg.

[0201] Alternative implementation form 57. The articular implant according to alternative implementation form 56, wherein the augmentation material comprises at least one slot configured to receive at least one projection extending from the third leg, such that the augmentation material slides onto and connects to the third leg.

[0202] Alternative implementation form 58. An articular implant of alternative implementation form 56, wherein the augmentation material has a corresponding opening that aligns with the third opening of the third leg, such that a third fastening element is received through the third opening of the third leg and the augmentation material opening to assist in bonding the third leg and the augmentation material to the third portion of the patient's scapula.

[0203] Alternative implementation form 59. The glenoid implant according to alternative implementation form 40, wherein the first leg, the second leg, and the removable leg have a first thickness that allows for a 5 mm offset of the glenoid implant from the patient's scapula.

[0204] Alternative implementation form 60. The glenoid implant according to alternative implementation form 40, wherein the first leg, the second leg, and the removable leg have a first thickness that allows for a 10 mm offset of the glenoid implant from the patient's scapula.

[0205] Alternative implementation form 61. The glenoid implant according to alternative implementation form 40, wherein one or more scapular contact surfaces of the first leg, second leg, and adjustable third leg include a convex surface, and one or more scapular contact surfaces of the first leg, second leg, and adjustable third leg include a concave surface.

[0206] Alternative implementation form 62. An articular implant according to alternative implementation form 40, wherein an adjustable third leg has a convex surface along a third arc, the convex surface contacts a third portion of the patient's scapula.

[0207] Alternative implementation form 63. An articular implant according to alternative implementation form 40, wherein the first leg portion has a convex surface along a first arc, the convex surface contacts a first portion of the patient's scapula.

[0208] Alternative implementation form 64. The articular implant according to alternative implementation form 40, wherein the second leg has a convex surface along a third arc, the convex surface contacts the second portion of the patient's scapula.

[0209] Alternative implementation form 65. An articular implant according to alternative implementation form 40, wherein the first leg, second leg, and third leg extend generally along the first arc, second arc, and third arc, respectively, such that each of the first leg, second leg, and third leg has a radius of curvature.

[0210] Alternative implementation form 66. The glenoid implant according to alternative implementation form 65, wherein the radii of curvature of the first leg, second leg, and third leg help to directly contact the first, second, and third portions of the patient's scapula, respectively, with a substantial portion of the glenoid implant.

[0211] Alternative implementation form 67. The glenoid implant according to alternative implementation form 40, wherein the first leg is configured as a wedge shape with a flat first surface adjacent to a first opening, and the curved second surface is configured to match the surface of a first portion of the patient's scapula.

[0212] Alternative implementation form 68. The glenoid implant according to alternative implementation form 40, wherein the second leg is configured as a wedge shape with a flat first surface adjacent to a second opening, and the curved second surface is configured to coincide with the surface of the second portion of the patient's scapula.

[0213] Alternative Implementation Form 69. A glenoid implant comprising a base including a first portion and a second portion, wherein the first portion has a first opening through which it passes, and the second portion has a second opening through which it passes, and the first opening is configured to align with the second opening in response to the first portion being coupled to the second portion, thereby defining a central opening of the base; a first leg extending generally along a first arc from the first portion of the base, having a first opening therein that is configured to receive a portion of a first fastening element passing therethrough, thereby assisting in fixing the first leg to a first portion of the patient's scapula; and a second leg extending generally along a second arc from the first portion of the base. An articular implant comprising: a second leg having a second opening configured therein to receive a portion of a second fastening element passing therethrough, thereby assisting in fixing the second leg to a second portion of the patient's scapula; an adjustable third leg extending generally along a third arc from the second portion of the base in response to the first portion being coupled to the second portion, the adjustable third leg having a third opening configured therein to receive a portion of a third fastening element passing therethrough, thereby assisting in fixing the third leg to a third portion of the patient's scapula; and a keel element extending from the dorsal surface of the adjustable third leg, configured to fit into a cavity defect in the third portion of the patient's scapula.

[0214] Alternative implementation form 70. The glenoid implant described in Alternative Implementation Form 69, wherein the first part of the patient's scapula is the acromion.

[0215] Alternative implementation form 71. The glenoid implant described in Alternative Implementation Form 69, wherein the second part of the patient's scapula is the glenoid fossa.

[0216] Alternative implementation form 72. The articular implant described in Alternative Implementation Form 69, wherein the third portion of the patient's scapula is the coracoid bone.

[0217] Alternative Embodiment 73. The glenoid implant according to alternative embodiment 69, wherein the fourth part of the patient's scapula is the subarticular tubercle.

[0218] Alternative Embodiment 74. The glenoid implant according to alternative embodiment 69, wherein the base plate includes a first part coupled to a second part such that a central opening is defined by the first part and the second part.

[0219] Alternative Embodiment 75. The glenoid implant according to alternative embodiment 74, wherein the first part of the base plate and the third adjustable leg form a first monolithic part, and the second part of the base plate, the first leg, and the second leg form a second monolithic part separate and different from the first monolithic part.

[0220] Alternative Embodiment 76. The glenoid implant according to alternative embodiment 69, further comprising a central fastening element configured to be at least partially positioned through a central opening of the base to assist in fixing the base to the fourth part of the patient's scapula.

[0221] Alternative Embodiment 77. The glenoid implant according to alternative embodiment 76, wherein the fourth part of the patient's scapula is the glenoid fossa.

[0222] Alternative Embodiment 78. The glenoid implant according to alternative embodiment 76, further comprising a glenoid ball configured to be fixed to the base via a central fastening element.

[0223] Alternative Embodiment 79. The glenoid implant according to alternative embodiment 78, further comprising a reinforcement configured to be coupled to an opening within the glenoid ball.

[0224] Alternative Embodiment 80. The glenoid implant according to alternative embodiment 69, wherein the first opening of the first part of the base includes a spline configured to non-rotatably couple with a corresponding groove of the second opening of the second part of the base.

[0225] Alternative implementation 81. An alternative implementation 80 of the glenoid implant, which can adjust the angle between the adjustable third leg and the adjustable first leg to compensate for the distance between the first part of the patient's scapula and the third part of the patient's scapula.

[0226] Alternative implementation 82. The glenoid implant according to alternative implementation 69, wherein the first opening of the first part of the base includes a groove configured to be non-rotatably coupled to the corresponding spline of the second opening of the second part of the base.

[0227] Alternative implementation 83. The glenoid implant according to alternative implementation 69, further comprising an insert coupled to the first leg and configured to increase the relative thickness of the first leg.

[0228] Alternative implementation 84. The insert of the glenoid implant of alternative implementation 83 is provided with a corresponding opening that aligns with the first opening of the first leg, such that the first fastening element is received through the first opening of the first leg and the insert opening to assist in coupling the first leg and the insert to the first part of the patient's scapula.

[0229] Alternative implementation 85. The glenoid implant according to alternative implementation 69, wherein one or more of the scapula contact surfaces of the first leg, the second leg, and the adjustable third leg include a convex surface, and one or more of the scapula contact surfaces of the first leg, the second leg, and the adjustable third leg include a concave surface.

[0230] Alternative implementation 86. The glenoid implant according to alternative implementation 69, wherein the adjustable third leg has a convex surface along a third arc, and the convex surface contacts the third part of the patient's scapula.

[0231] Alternative implementation 87. The glenoid implant according to alternative implementation 69, wherein the first leg has a convex surface along a first arc, and the convex surface contacts the first part of the patient's scapula.

[0232] Alternative implementation form 88. The articular implant according to alternative implementation form 69, wherein the second leg has a convex surface along a third arc, the convex surface contacts the second portion of the patient's scapula.

[0233] Alternative implementation form 89. An articular implant according to alternative implementation form 69, wherein the first leg, second leg, and third leg extend generally along the first arc, second arc, and third arc, respectively, such that each of the first leg, second leg, and third leg has a radius of curvature.

[0234] Alternative implementation form 90. The glenoid implant according to alternative implementation form 89, wherein the radii of curvature of the first leg, second leg, and third leg help to directly contact the first, second, and third portions of the patient's scapula, respectively, with a substantial portion of the glenoid implant.

[0235] Alternative Implementation Form 91. A glenoid implant comprising a base element having a central opening through which it passes, a second opening through which it passes, and a keel element extending from the posterior surface of the base element, wherein the keel element is configured to fix the base element to a first portion of the patient's scapula, and the second opening is configured to receive a portion of the first fastening element through which it passes, thereby assisting in fixing the base element to the first portion of the patient's scapula; and a connecting element having a first elongated portion and a second portion, wherein the first elongated portion comprises a plurality of openings through which it passes A glenoid implant comprising: a connecting element having a second portion having a central opening aligned with the central opening of a base element; and a reinforcing member configured to be received within the receiving space of a first elongated portion of the connecting element, the reinforcing member having a second plurality of openings through which it passes, each opening of the first plurality of openings being aligned with each opening of the second plurality of openings to receive a portion of the second fastening element passing through therein, thereby assisting in fixing the connecting element and the reinforcing member to the second portion of the patient's scapula, and configured so that the connecting element and the reinforcing member rotate about the axis of the base element.

[0236] Alternative implementation form 92. The glenoid implant described in Alternative Implementation Form 91, wherein the first part of the patient's scapula is the glenoid fossa.

[0237] Alternative implementation form 93. An articular implant according to alternative implementation form 91, wherein the base element is configured as an inlay component.

[0238] Alternative implementation form 94. The glenoid implant according to alternative implementation form 91, further comprising a central fastening element configured to assist in connecting the base element and the connective element to a first portion of the patient's scapula, at least partially positioned through the central opening of the base element and the central opening of the connective element.

[0239] Alternative implementation form 95. An articular implant according to alternative implementation form 94, wherein the head of the central fastening element is configured to secure additional components using Morse taper press-fitting.

[0240] Alternative implementation form 96. The glenoid implant according to alternative implementation form 95, wherein the head of the central fastening element is configured to fix the humeral head.

[0241] Alternative implementation form 97. An articular implant according to alternative implementation form 94, wherein the central fastening element includes a compression screw.

[0242] Alternative implementation form 98. An articular implant according to alternative implementation form 94, wherein the central fastening element includes a locking screw.

[0243] Alternative implementation form 99. An articular implant according to alternative implementation form 91, further comprising an articular sphere configured to be fixed to a connecting element via a central fastening element.

[0244] Alternative implementation form 100. An articular implant according to alternative implementation form 99, wherein the base of the articular bulb comprises a male receptive element configured to receive a central fastening element.

[0245] Alternative Embodiment 101. The glenoid implant according to alternative embodiment 91, wherein the second fastening element is configured to provide a glenoid implant having a bicortical support.

[0246] Alternative Embodiment 102. The glenoid implant according to alternative embodiment 91, wherein the second fastening element is configured to provide a glenoid implant having a unicortical support.

[0247] Alternative Embodiment 103. A glenoid implant comprising: a base element having a central opening therethrough and a second opening therethrough, the second opening being configured to receive a portion of a first fastening element therethrough to assist in coupling the base element to a first portion of the patient's scapula; and a coupling element having a plurality of openings therethrough and a central opening aligned with the central opening of the base element, each of the plurality of openings being configured to receive a portion of a second fastening element therethrough to assist in securing the coupling element to a second portion of the patient's scapula, the coupling element being configured to rotate about the axis of the base element.

[0248] Alternative Embodiment 104. The glenoid implant according to alternative embodiment 103, wherein the first portion of the patient's scapula is the glenoid fossa.

[0249] Alternative Embodiment 105. The glenoid implant according to alternative embodiment 103, wherein the base element is configured as an anular component.

[0250] Alternative Embodiment 106. The glenoid implant according to alternative embodiment 103, further comprising a central fastening element at least partially positioned through the central opening of the base element and the central opening of the coupling element and configured to assist in securing the base element and the coupling element to a first portion of the patient's scapula.

[0251] Alternative implementation form 107. An articular implant according to alternative implementation form 106, wherein the head of the central fastening element is configured to secure additional components using Morse taper press-fitting.

[0252] Alternative implementation form 108. The glenoid implant according to alternative implementation form 107, wherein the head of the central fastening element is configured to fix the humeral head.

[0253] Alternative implementation form 109. An articular implant according to alternative implementation form 106, wherein the central fastening element includes a compression screw.

[0254] Alternative implementation form 110. An articular implant according to alternative implementation form 106, wherein the central fastening element includes a locking screw.

[0255] Alternative implementation form 111. An articular implant according to alternative implementation form 103, further comprising an articular sphere configured to be fixed to a connecting element via a central fastening element.

[0256] Alternative implementation form 112. The articular implant according to alternative implementation form 111, further comprising a reinforcement configured to connect to an opening within the articular bulb.

[0257] Alternative implementation form 113. An articular implant according to alternative implementation form 111, wherein the articular bulb comprises a male receptive element configured to receive a central fastening element.

[0258] Alternative implementation form 114. The articular implant according to alternative implementation form 103, wherein the second fastening element is configured to provide an articular implant having bilateral cortical supports.

[0259] Alternative implementation form 115. The articular implant according to alternative implementation form 103, wherein the second fastening element is configured to provide an articular implant having a monocortical support.

[0260] Alternative Implementation Form 116. A glenoid implant comprising a base element having a central opening through which it passes, a second opening through which it passes, and a keel element extending from the posterior surface of the base element, wherein the keel element is configured to fix the base element to a first portion of the patient's scapula, and the second opening is configured to receive a portion of the first fastening element through which it passes, thereby assisting in fixing the base element to the first portion of the patient's scapula; and a connecting element having a first elongated portion and a second portion, wherein the first elongated portion comprises a plurality of openings through which it passes. A glenoid implant comprising: a connecting element having a central opening aligned with the central opening of a base element in its second portion; and an augmenting member configured to be received within the receiving space of a first elongated portion of the connecting element, the augmenting member having a second plurality of openings through which it passes, each opening of the first plurality of openings being aligned with each opening of the second plurality of openings to receive a portion of the second fastening element passing through therein, thereby assisting in fixing the connecting element and the augmenting member to the second portion of the patient's scapula, and configured so that the connecting element and the augmenting member rotate about the axis of the base element.

[0261] Alternative implementation form 117. An articular implant as described in alternative implementation form 116, wherein the first part of the patient's scapula is the articular fossa.

[0262] Alternative implementation form 118. The glenoid implant according to alternative implementation form 116, further comprising a central fastening element configured to assist in fixing the base element and the connective element to a first portion of the patient's scapula, at least partially positioned through the central opening of the base element and the central opening of the connective element.

[0263] Alternative implementation form 119. An articular implant according to alternative implementation form 118, wherein the central fastening element includes a compression screw.

[0264] Alternative implementation form 120. An articular implant according to alternative implementation form 118, wherein the central fastening element includes a locking screw.

[0265] Alternative implementation form 121. An articular implant according to alternative implementation form 118, further comprising a double trunnion element configured to receive a central fastening element at a first end of the double trunnion element and a threaded element at a second end of the double trunnion element.

[0266] Alternative implementation form 122. An articular implant according to alternative implementation form 121, further comprising an articular sphere configured to be fixed to a connecting element via a threaded element.

[0267] Alternative implementation form 123. The articular implant according to alternative implementation form 122, wherein the articular bulb comprises a female receptive element configured to receive the second end of a threaded element and a double trunnion element.

[0268] Alternative implementation form 124. The articular implant according to alternative implementation form 116, wherein the second fastening element is configured to provide an articular implant having bilateral cortical supports.

[0269] Alternative implementation form 125. The articular implant according to alternative implementation form 116, wherein the second fastening element is configured to provide an articular implant having a monocortical support.

[0270] Alternative Implementation Form 126. A glenoid implant comprising: a base element having a central opening through which it passes, a second opening through which it passes, and a male receiving element at the posterior end of the base element, wherein the second opening is configured to receive a portion of a first fastening element through which it passes, thereby assisting in connecting the base element to a first portion of the patient's scapula; a connecting element having a first elongated portion and a second portion, wherein the first elongated portion has a plurality of openings through which it passes, and the second portion has a central opening aligned with the central opening of the base element; and a reinforcement configured to be received within the receiving space of the first elongated portion of the connecting element, wherein the reinforcement has a plurality of second openings through which it passes, and each opening of the first plurality of openings is aligned with each opening of the second plurality of openings to receive a portion of a second fastening element through which it passes, thereby assisting in fixing the connecting element and the reinforcement to a second portion of the patient's scapula, wherein the connecting element and the reinforcement are configured to rotate about the axis of the base element.

[0271] Alternative implementation form 127. An articular implant according to alternative implementation form 126, further comprising a removable wedge element having an opening, the opening being configured to receive a male receiving element of a base element and a third fastening element passing through it, thereby assisting in securing the removable wedge element to the base element.

[0272] Alternative implementation form 128. An articular implant according to alternative implementation form 127, wherein a removable wedge element is configured to fit into a cavity defect in the first portion of the patient's scapula.

[0273] Alternative implementation form 129. An articular implant as described in alternative implementation form 126, wherein the first part of the patient's scapula is the articular fossa.

[0274] Alternative implementation form 130. The glenoid implant according to alternative implementation form 126, further comprising a central fastening element configured to assist in fixing the base element and the connective element to a first portion of the patient's scapula, at least partially positioned through the central opening of the base element and the central opening of the connective element.

[0275] Alternative implementation form 131. An articular implant according to alternative implementation form 130, wherein the head of the central fastening element is configured to secure additional components using Morse taper press-fitting.

[0276] Alternative implementation form 132. The glenoid implant according to alternative implementation form 131, wherein the head of the central fastening element is configured to fix the humeral head.

[0277] Alternative implementation form 133. An articular implant according to alternative implementation form 130, wherein the central fastening element includes a compression screw.

[0278] Alternative implementation form 134. An articular implant according to alternative implementation form 130, wherein the central fastening element includes a locking screw.

[0279] Alternative implementation form 135. An articular implant according to alternative implementation form 130, further comprising an articular sphere configured to be fixed to a connecting element via a central fastening element.

[0280] Alternative implementation form 136. The articular implant according to alternative implementation form 135, further comprising a reinforcement configured to connect to an opening within the articular fossa.

[0281] Alternative implementation form 137. The glenoid implant according to alternative implementation form 135, wherein the glenoid bulb comprises a male receptive element configured to receive a central fastening element.

[0282] Alternative implementation form 138. The articular implant according to alternative implementation form 126, wherein the second fastening element is configured to provide an articular implant having bilateral cortical supports.

[0283] Alternative implementation form 139. The articular implant according to alternative implementation form 126, wherein the second fastening element is configured to provide an articular implant having a monocortical support.

[0284] Alternative implementation form 140. An articular implant according to alternative implementation form 135, further comprising an offset element, wherein the offset element assists in bonding the articular sphere to the base so that the central axis of the central opening of the base does not align with the central axis of the opening within the articular sphere.

[0285] Alternative implementation form 141. An articular implant according to alternative implementation form 140, wherein the offset element comprises a base, a first coupling element protruding from a first surface of the base adjacent to a first end of the base, and a second coupling element protruding from a second opposing surface of the base adjacent to a second opposing end of the base.

[0286] Alternative Implementation Form 142. A glenoid implant comprising: a base element having a central opening through which it passes, a second opening through which it passes, and a male receiving element at the posterior end of the base element, wherein the second opening is configured to receive a portion of a first fastening element through which it passes, thereby assisting in fixing the base element to a first portion of the patient's scapula; a removable wedge element having an opening, wherein the opening is configured to receive the male receiving element of the base element and a third fastening element through which it passes, thereby assisting in fixing the removable wedge element to the base element; a central fastening element at least partially positioned through the central opening of the base element and configured to assist in fixing the base element to a first portion of the patient's scapula; and a glenoid sphere configured to be coupled to the base element via the central fastening element.

[0287] Alternative implementation form 143. The articular implant according to alternative implementation form 142, wherein the first fastening element is configured to provide an articular implant having a monocortical support.

[0288] Alternative implementation form 144. An articular implant as described in alternative implementation form 142, wherein the first part of the patient's scapula is the articular fossa.

[0289] Alternative implementation form 145. An articular implant according to alternative implementation form 142, wherein the central fastening element includes a compression screw.

[0290] Alternative implementation form 146. An articular implant according to alternative implementation form 142, wherein the central fastening element includes a locking screw.

[0291] Alternative implementation form 147. An articular implant according to alternative implementation form 142, wherein the articular bulb comprises a male receptive element configured to receive a central fastening element.

[0292] Alternative implementation form 148. An articular implant according to alternative implementation form 142, further comprising a reinforcement configured to connect to an opening within the articular bulb.

[0293] Alternative Implementation Form 149. A glenoid implant comprising: a base element having a central opening through which it passes, a second opening through which it passes, and a keel element extending from the dorsal surface of the base element, wherein the keel element is configured to fix the base element to a first portion of the patient's scapula, and the second opening is configured to receive a portion of a first fastening element through which it passes, thereby assisting in fixing the base element to the first portion of the patient's scapula; and a coupling element having a first elongated portion and a second portion, wherein the first elongated body has a plurality of openings through which it passes, and the second portion has a central opening aligned with the central opening of the base element, and each of the plurality of openings is configured to receive a portion of a second fastening element through which it passes, thereby assisting in fixing the coupling element to a second portion of the patient's scapula, and the first elongated portion of the coupling element is positioned on the first side of the base element.

[0294] Alternative implementation form 150. An articular implant as described in Alternative implementation form 149, wherein the first part of the patient's scapula is the articular fossa.

[0295] Alternative implementation form 151. The glenoid implant according to alternative implementation form 149, further comprising a central fastening element configured to assist in fixing the base element and the connective element to a first portion of the patient's scapula, at least partially positioned through the central opening of the base element and the central opening of the connective element.

[0296] Alternative implementation form 152. An articular implant according to alternative implementation form 151, wherein the central fastening element includes a compression screw.

[0297] Alternative implementation form 153. An articular implant according to alternative implementation form 151, wherein the central fastening element includes a locking screw.

[0298] Alternative implementation form 154. An articular implant according to alternative implementation form 151, further comprising a double trunnion element configured to receive a central fastening element at a first end of the double trunnion element and a threaded element at a second end of the double trunnion element.

[0299] Alternative implementation form 155. An articular implant according to alternative implementation form 154, further comprising an articular sphere configured to be fixed to a connecting element via a threaded element.

[0300] Alternative implementation form 156. The articular implant according to alternative implementation form 155, wherein the articular bulb comprises a female receptive element configured to receive the second end of a threaded element and a double trunnion element.

[0301] Alternative implementation form 157. The articular implant according to alternative implementation form 149, wherein the second fastening element is configured to provide an articular implant having bilateral cortical supports.

[0302] Alternative implementation form 158. The articular implant according to alternative implementation form 149, wherein the second fastening element is configured to provide an articular implant having a monocortical support.

[0303] Alternative Implementation Form 159. A glenoid implant comprising a base element having a central opening through which it passes, a second opening through which it passes, and a keel element extending from the posterior surface of the base element, wherein the keel element is configured to fix the base element to a first portion of the patient's scapula, and the second opening is configured to receive a portion of the first fastening element through which it passes, thereby assisting in fixing the base element to the first portion of the patient's scapula; and a connecting element having a first elongated portion and a second portion, wherein the first elongated portion has multiple openings through which it passes A glenoid implant comprising: a connecting element having a mouth, the second portion having a central opening aligned with the central opening of a base element; and a reinforcement configured to be received within the receiving space of a first elongated portion of the connecting element, the reinforcement having a second plurality of openings through which it passes, each opening of the first plurality of openings aligned with each opening of the second plurality of openings to receive a portion of the second fastening element passing through therein, thereby assisting in fixing the connecting element and the reinforcement to a second portion of the patient's scapula, the connecting element and the reinforcement being positioned on the first side of the base element.

[0304] Alternative implementation form 160. An articular implant as described in Alternative implementation form 159, wherein the first part of the patient's scapula is the articular fossa.

[0305] Alternative implementation form 161. An articular implant according to alternative implementation form 159, wherein the base element is configured as an inlay component.

[0306] Alternative implementation form 162. The glenoid implant according to alternative implementation form 159, further comprising a central fastening element configured to assist in connecting the base element and the connective element to a first portion of the patient's scapula, at least partially positioned through the central opening of the base element and the central opening of the connective element.

[0307] Alternative implementation form 163. An articular implant according to alternative implementation form 162, wherein the head of the central fastening element is configured to secure additional components using Morse taper press-fitting.

[0308] Alternative implementation form 164. The glenoid implant according to alternative implementation form 163, wherein the head of the central fastening element is configured to fix the humeral head.

[0309] Alternative implementation form 165. An articular implant according to alternative implementation form 162, wherein the central fastening element includes a compression screw.

[0310] Alternative implementation form 166. An articular implant according to alternative implementation form 162, wherein the central fastening element includes a locking screw.

[0311] Alternative Implementation Form 167. A glenoid implant comprising a base element having a central opening through which it passes, a second opening through which it passes, and a wedge element extending from the dorsal surface of the base element, wherein the wedge element is configured to fix the base element to a first portion of the patient's scapula, and the second opening is configured to receive a portion of the first fastening element through which it passes, thereby assisting in fixing the base element to the first portion of the patient's scapula; and a connecting element having a first elongated portion and a second portion, wherein the first elongated portion has a plurality of openings through which it passes. A glenoid implant comprising: a connecting element having a central opening aligned with the central opening of a base element in its second portion; and a reinforcing member configured to be received within a receiving space of a first elongated portion of the connecting element, the reinforcing member having a plurality of second openings through which it passes, each opening of the first plurality of openings being aligned with each opening of the second plurality of openings to receive a portion of the second fastening element passing through therein, thereby assisting in fixing the connecting element and the reinforcing member to a second portion of the patient's scapula, and configured so that the connecting element and the reinforcing member rotate about the axis of the base element.

[0312] Alternative implementation form 168. The glenoid implant described in Alternative implementation form 167, wherein the first part of the patient's scapula is the glenoid fossa.

[0313] Alternative implementation form 169. The glenoid implant according to alternative implementation form 167, further comprising a central fastening element configured to assist in fixing the base element and the connective element to a first portion of the patient's scapula, at least partially positioned through the central opening of the base element and the central opening of the connective element.

[0314] Alternative implementation form 170. An articular implant according to alternative implementation form 169, wherein the head of the central fastening element is configured to secure additional components using Morse taper press-fitting.

[0315] Alternative implementation form 171. An articular implant according to alternative implementation form 170, wherein the head of the central fastening element is configured to fix the humeral head.

[0316] Alternative implementation form 172. An articular implant according to alternative implementation form 169, wherein the central fastening element includes a compression screw.

[0317] Alternative implementation form 173. An articular implant according to alternative implementation form 169, wherein the central fastening element includes a locking screw.

[0318] Alternative implementation form 174. An articular implant according to alternative implementation form 169, further comprising an articular sphere configured to be fixed to a connecting element via a central fastening element.

[0319] Alternative implementation form 175. The articular implant according to alternative implementation form 174, further comprising a reinforcement configured to connect to an opening within the articular bulb.

[0320] Alternative implementation form 176. An articular implant according to alternative implementation form 174, further comprising an offset element, the offset element assisting in bonding the articular sphere to the base so that the central axis of the central opening of the base does not align with the central axis of the opening within the articular sphere.

[0321] Alternative implementation form 177. An articular implant according to alternative implementation form 176, wherein the offset element comprises a base, a first coupling element protruding from a first surface of the base adjacent to a first end of the base, and a second coupling element protruding from a second opposing surface of the base adjacent to a second opposing end of the base.

[0322] Alternative implementation form 178. An articular implant according to alternative implementation form 167, wherein the wedge element has a first thickness at the central opening and a second thickness at the second opening, and the first thickness is greater than the second thickness.

[0323] Alternative implementation form 179. An articular implant according to alternative implementation form 167, wherein the wedge element has a first thickness at the central opening and a second thickness at the second opening, the second thickness being greater than the first thickness.

[0324] Alternative Implementation Form 180. A glenoid implant comprising: a base plate having a central opening and a plurality of openings through which each of the plurality of openings is positioned around the central opening; and a keel element extending from the back surface of the base plate, the keel element having a central opening aligned with the central opening of the base element and a plurality of grooves, each opening of the plurality of openings being aligned with each groove of the plurality of openings to receive a portion of a second fastening element passing therethrough, thereby assisting in fixing a wedge element to a first portion of the patient's scapula, and the keel element being shaped to compensate for a cavity defect in the first portion of the patient's scapula.

[0325] Alternative implementation form 181. An articular implant according to alternative implementation form 180, wherein the keel element has a non-uniform shape.

[0326] Alternative Implementation Form 182. A glenoid implant comprising: a base plate having a central opening and a first plurality of openings through which the central opening is located, each of which is positioned around the central opening; and a keel element extending from the back surface of the base plate, the keel element having a central opening aligned with the central opening of the base element and a second plurality of openings, wherein at least one of the first plurality of openings is aligned with at least one of the second plurality of openings to receive a portion of a second fastening element passing through therein, thereby assisting in fixing a wedge element to a first portion of the patient's scapula.

[0327] Alternative implementation form 183. An articular implant according to alternative implementation form 182, wherein the keel element comprises an elongated quadrilateral portion and a second portion extending from the elongated quadrilateral portion.

[0328] Alternative implementation form 184. An articular implant according to alternative implementation form 183, wherein the elongated quadrilateral portion comprises a central opening and at least two openings from a second plurality of openings, and the second portion comprises one opening from the second plurality of openings.

[0329] Alternative implementation form 185. An articular implant according to alternative implementation form 182, wherein the keel element comprises an elongated quadrilateral portion having a central opening and at least two of a second plurality of openings.

[0330] Alternative Implementation Form 186. A glenoid implant comprising: a posterior plate having a protruding element having a first central opening through which it passes, a receptive element facing the protruding element, and a first plurality of openings through which it passes, each of which openings is positioned around the central opening; a keel element having a second central opening, a threaded element for assisting in fixing the keel element to a first portion of the patient's scapula, and a connecting element configured to connect with the receptive element of the posterior plate; a glenoid bulb having a third central opening and a receptive space configured to receive the protruding element of the posterior plate; and a central fastening element at least partially positioned through the first central opening of the posterior plate, the second central opening of the keel element, and the third central opening of the glenoid bulb, configured to assist in connecting the glenoid bulb to the posterior plate and the keel element to the posterior plate.

[0331] Alternative implementation form 187. An articular implant according to alternative implementation form 186, wherein the receiving element of the back plate includes a spline configured to non-rotatably connect with the corresponding groove of the connecting element of the keel element.

[0332] Alternative implementation form 188. An articular implant according to alternative implementation form 186, wherein the receiving element of the back plate includes a groove configured to non-rotatably connect with the corresponding spline of the connecting element of the keel element.

[0333] Alternative Implementation Form 189. A glenoid implant comprising: a first receptive element having a first central opening through which it passes; a second receptive element opposite to the first receptive element; and a lining plate having a first plurality of openings through which it passes, each of which openings is positioned around the first receptive element; a keel element having a second central opening; a threaded element for assisting in fixing the keel element to a first portion of the patient's scapula; and a connecting element configured to connect with the second receptive element of the lining plate; a glenoid bulb having a third central opening and a protruding element configured to be received within the first receptive element of the lining plate; and a central fastening element at least partially positioned through the first central opening of the lining plate, the second central opening of the keel element, and the third central opening of the glenoid bulb, configured to assist in connecting the glenoid bulb to the lining plate and the keel element to the lining plate.

[0334] Alternative implementation form 190. An articular implant according to alternative implementation form 189, wherein the receiving element of the back plate includes a spline configured to non-rotatably connect with the corresponding groove of the connecting element of the keel element.

[0335] Alternative implementation form 191. An articular implant according to alternative implementation form 189, wherein the receiving element of the back plate includes a groove configured to non-rotatably connect with the corresponding spline of the connecting element of the keel element.

[0336] Alternative implementation form 192. A glenoid implant comprising a base element having a central opening through which it passes, a second opening through which it passes, and a wedge element extending from the dorsal surface of the base element, wherein the second opening is configured to receive a portion of a first fastening element through which it passes, thereby assisting in fixing the base element to a first portion of the patient's scapula; and a connecting element having a first portion and a second portion, wherein the first portion has a first plurality of openings through which it passes, and the second portion has a central opening aligned with the central opening of the base element. A glenoid implant comprising: a connecting element; and a reinforcing element configured to be received within a receiving space of a first portion of the connecting element, the reinforcing element having a plurality of second openings through which each of the first plurality of openings is aligned with each of the second plurality of openings to receive each second fastening element passing through therein, thereby assisting in fixing the connecting element and the reinforcing element to a second portion of the patient's scapula; and the connecting element and the reinforcing element are configured to rotate about an axis of the base element so that the connecting element and the reinforcing element are movable relative to the base element.

[0337] Alternative implementation form 193. An articular implant as described in alternative implementation form 192, wherein the first part of the patient's scapula is the articular fossa.

[0338] Alternative implementation form 194. An articular implant according to alternative implementation form 192 or alternative implementation form 193, further comprising a central fastening element configured to assist in fixing the base element and the joint element to a first portion of the patient's scapula, at least partially positioned through the central opening of the base element and the central opening of the joint element.

[0339] Alternative implementation form 195. The articular implant according to alternative implementation form 194, wherein the head of the central fastening element is configured to secure additional components using Morse taper press-fitting.

[0340] Alternative implementation form 196. The glenoid implant according to alternative implementation form 195, wherein the head of the central fastening element is configured to fix the glenoid fossa.

[0341] Alternative implementation form 197. An articular implant according to any one of the alternative implementation forms 194 to 196, wherein the central fastening element is a compression screw or a locking screw.

[0342] Alternative implementation form 198. An articular implant according to any one of the alternative implementation forms 192-197, further comprising an articular sphere configured to be fixed to a connecting element.

[0343] Alternative implementation form 199. An articular implant according to alternative implementation form 198, further comprising a second augmentation material connected to the articular fossa so that a portion of the second augmentation material protrudes from the articular fossa.

[0344] Alternative implementation form 200. An articular implant according to alternative implementation form 198 or alternative implementation form 199, further comprising an offset element positioned between the connecting element and the articular fossa.

[0345] Alternative implementation form 201. An articular implant according to alternative implementation form 200, wherein an offset element assists in coupling the articular sphere to the connecting element, such that the central axis of the central opening of the base element does not align with the central axis of the opening within the articular sphere.

[0346] Alternative implementation form 202. An articular implant according to alternative implementation form 200 or alternative implementation form 201, wherein the offset element includes a base, a first coupling element protruding from a first side of the base, and a second coupling element protruding from a second opposing side of the base.

[0347] Alternative implementation form 203. An articular implant according to alternative implementation form 202, wherein the first connecting element is a first trunnion and the second connecting element is a second trunnion.

[0348] Alternative implementation form 204. An articular implant according to alternative implementation form 202 or alternative implementation form 203, wherein a first coupling element is configured to be press-fitted into the central opening of a second portion of the coupling element, and the second coupling element is configured to be press-fitted into the opening of the articular fossa.

[0349] Alternative implementation form 205. An articular implant according to alternative implementation form 194, further comprising a threaded element configured to connect in a threaded manner to the central opening of a second portion of the connecting element.

[0350] Alternative implementation form 206. An articular implant according to alternative implementation form 205, wherein the head of the central fastening element includes a threaded portion configured to engage with a threaded element in a screw-in manner.

[0351] Alternative implementation form 207. An articular implant according to alternative implementation form 205 or alternative implementation form 206, wherein the threaded element is a cylindrical ring having an outer surface and an inner surface, with at least a portion of the outer surface being threaded and at least a portion of the inner surface being threaded.

[0352] Alternative implementation form 208. An articular implant according to alternative implementation form 207, wherein the threaded outer surface is threaded in a first direction and the threaded inner surface is threaded in a second opposing direction.

[0353] Alternative implementation form 209. An articular implant according to any one of the alternative implementation forms 192 to 208, wherein the wedge element includes a first side and a second opposing side, and the thickness of the first side is different from the thickness of the second opposing side.

[0354] Alternative implementation form 210. An articular implant according to any one of the alternative implementation forms 192 to 209, wherein the base element has a first thickness adjacent to the central opening and a second thickness adjacent to the second opening, and the thickness of the base element adjacent to the second opening is greater than the thickness of the base element adjacent to the first opening.

[0355] Alternative Implementation Form 211. A glenoid implant comprising a base element having a trunnion through which a central opening is formed, and an attachment portion adjacent to the trunnion, wherein the base element further forms a second opening configured to receive a portion of a first fastening element through which a first fastening element is formed, thereby assisting in connecting the base element to a first portion of the patient's scapula; and a connecting element having a first portion and a second portion, wherein the first portion has a plurality of openings through which a central opening is formed, and the second portion has a central opening aligned with the central opening of the base element. An articular implant comprising: a connecting element; and an augmenting member configured to be received within a receiving space of a first portion of the connecting element, wherein the augmenting member has a plurality of second openings through which it passes, each of which of the first plurality of openings is aligned with each of the second plurality of openings to receive each second fastening element passing through therein, thereby assisting in fixing the connecting element and the augmenting member to a second portion of the patient's scapula, and the connecting element and the augmenting member are configured to rotate about the axis of the base element so that the connecting element and the augmenting member are movable relative to the base element.

[0356] Alternative implementation form 212. An articular implant according to alternative implementation form 211, further comprising a removable wedge reinforcement connected to a base element.

[0357] Alternative implementation form 213. An articular implant according to alternative implementation form 212, wherein a removable wedge reinforcement is coupled to a base element via a threaded fastening element.

[0358] Alternative implementation form 214. An articular implant according to alternative implementation form 213, comprising a central opening configured to receive at least a portion of a threaded fastening element through which a removable wedge reinforcement passes.

[0359] Alternative implementation form 215. The articular implant according to alternative implementation form 214, wherein the central opening of the removable wedge reinforcement is sized and positioned to receive at least a portion of the mounting portion of the base element when the removable wedge reinforcement is coupled to the base element.

[0360] Alternative implementation form 216. An articular implant according to alternative implementation form 214 or alternative implementation form 215, wherein the central opening of the removable wedge reinforcement is an open slot.

[0361] Alternative implementation form 217. The articular implant according to any one of the alternative implementation forms 212 to 216, wherein the removable wedge reinforcement includes one or more contact surfaces configured to contact each portion of the trunnion of the base element when the removable wedge reinforcement is coupled to the base element.

[0362] Alternative implementation configuration 218. An articular implant according to alternative implementation configuration 217, wherein one or more contact surfaces are positioned adjacent to and on the opposite side of the central opening of a removable wedge reinforcement.

[0363] Alternative implementation form 219. An articular implant according to any one of the alternative implementation forms 212-218, wherein a removable wedge augmentation is sized and molded to fit into a cavity defect in the first portion of the patient's scapula.

[0364] Alternative implementation form 220. An articular implant according to any one of the alternative implementation forms 211 to 219, further comprising a central fastening element configured to assist in fixing the base element and the joint element to a first portion of the patient's scapula, at least partially positioned through the central opening of the base element and the central opening of a second portion of the joint element.

[0365] Alternative implementation form 221. An articular implant according to any one of the alternative implementation forms 211-220, further comprising an articular sphere configured to be fixed to a connecting element.

[0366] One or more elements, aspects, or steps, or any part thereof, from one or more of the above alternative implementations 1 to 221 may be combined with one or more elements, aspects, or steps, or any part thereof, from one or more other alternative implementations 1 to 221, or any combination thereof, to form one or more additional implementations and / or claims of the present disclosure.

[0367] While this disclosure has been described with reference to one or more specific embodiments or implementations, those skilled in the art will recognize that numerous modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of this disclosure. These implementations and obvious variations thereof are conceivable to fall within the spirit and scope of this disclosure. It is also conceivable that additional implementations in the manner of this disclosure may combine any number of features from any of the implementations described herein.

Claims

1. A base plate having a central opening that penetrates through it, A first leg extending in a first direction from the base plate, having a first opening configured to receive a portion of a penetrating first fastening element and to assist in fixing the first leg to a first portion of the patient's scapula, A second leg extending in a second direction from the base plate, the second leg having a second opening configured to receive a portion of a penetrating second fastening element and to assist in fixing the second leg to the second portion of the patient's scapula, A third leg extending generally in a third direction from the base plate, the third leg having a third opening configured to receive a portion of a penetrating third fastening element and to assist in fixing the third leg to the third portion of the patient's scapula, Equipped with, The first leg generally extends from the base plate along a first arc, and the second leg generally extends from the base plate along a second arc. Glenoid implant.

2. The articular implant according to claim 1, wherein the base plate, the first leg, the second leg, and the third leg form a single monolithic portion.

3. The articular implant according to claim 1, wherein the base plate includes a first portion coupled to the second portion such that a central opening is defined by the first portion and the second portion.

4. The articular implant according to claim 3, wherein the first portion, the first leg, and the second leg of the base plate form a first monolithic portion, and the second portion and the third leg of the base plate form a second monolithic portion separate from and distinct from the first monolithic portion.

5. The glenoid implant according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising a central fastening element that penetrates the central opening of the base plate and is at least partially positioned thereto, and is configured to assist in fixing the base plate to a fourth portion of the scapula of the patient.

6. The articular implant according to claim 1, wherein the radius of curvature of the first arc is greater than the radius of curvature of the second arc.

7. The articular implant according to claim 1, wherein the third leg generally extends from the base plate along a third arc.

8. The articular implant according to claim 7, wherein the radius of curvature of the third arc is smaller than the radius of curvature of the second arc and the radius of curvature of the first arc, or the radius of curvature of the third arc is larger than the radius of curvature of the second arc and the radius of curvature of the first arc.

9. The articular implant according to claim 5, wherein the head of the central fastening element includes a Morse taper.

10. The glenoid implant according to claim 5, wherein the head of the central fastening element is configured to be coupled to the glenoid fossa.

11. The glenoid implant according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the first leg and the second leg each have a unique arc, and the first and second legs are bent in appropriate places according to the anatomical structure of the scapula.

12. The articular implant according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the trunnion extends from the first portion of the base plate into the second portion of the base plate.

13. The articular implant according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the trunnion extends from the first portion of the base plate.

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