Schematic representation of hemodynamic state

Abstract

Methods and devices disclosed herein relate to a graphical representation of a patient's hemodynamic status. In various embodiments, one or more measured physiological parameters of the patient are analyzed. Based on the analysis, a graphical user interface (GUI) is drawn. The GUI includes a figure-of-eight schematic representing the patient's circulatory system. The figure-of-eight schematic includes a first loop representing the patient's pulmonary circulation, a second loop representing the patient's systemic circulation, and a central object connecting the first and second loops and representing the patient's heart. In various embodiments, each of the first and second loops includes a plurality of arc segments, each arc segment shaped to convey one or more of the patient's measured physiological parameters.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The various embodiments described herein generally relate to healthcare. More particularly, and without limitation, the various methods and apparatuses disclosed herein relate to graphical representations of a patient's cardiovascular system state.

Background Art

[0002] In particular, when a patient is in a high surveillance state, such as in an intensive care unit (ICU), a number of physiological parameters are measured for the patient. It can be difficult to present these measured physiological parameters to medical staff such as physicians and nurses. If there are too many measured physiological parameters to present, it may become impossible to handle them, and if there are too few measured physiological parameters to present, sufficient information about the state of the patient's cardiovascular system, particularly changes in the state, may not be provided to the medical staff.

[0003] In the context of patient monitoring, many existing patient monitors are specialized in displaying numerical values and waveforms as part of a graphical user interface (GUI). However, there are various problems with existing cardiovascular system GUIs. Existing cardiovascular GUIs cannot keep up with the spread of new non-invasive techniques that provide more and more reliable hemodynamic measurements. Some are too detailed and / or too complex, overtaxing the clinician's cognitive abilities. Others are too lacking in detail, which may cause changes in the patient's hemodynamic state to go unnoticed. Some cardiovascular displays employ gratuitous naturalistic representations of the patient's organs, such representations being unnecessary for experienced clinicians and often used as an illustrative backdrop for relatively sparse numerical data in somewhat information-poor cases.

[0004] U.S. Patent Application Publication 2019 / 110760(A1) discloses a method for dynamically displaying changes in parameters measured at intervals. The method includes the steps of: dynamically monitoring at least one type of hemodynamic parameter of a patient by a sensor on a monitor; obtaining a first monitoring value for the monitored type of hemodynamic parameter during a first monitoring time; displaying a first form corresponding to the first monitoring value in a simulated graph corresponding to each type of hemodynamic parameter on a graphic display interface; obtaining a second monitoring value for the monitored type of hemodynamic parameter during a second monitoring time and determining a second form of the corresponding simulated graph; and adjusting the simulated graph corresponding to each type of hemodynamic parameter on the graphic display interface from the first form to the second form. A corresponding system and dynamic monitor are also provided.

[0005] U.S. Patent Application Publication US2017 / 100082(A1) discloses a patient monitoring and display system. The system enables clinicians to trigger the occurrence of clinical events and record the patient's condition after the clinical event. The system calculates and displays changes in the patient's condition resulting from the clinical event. The system allows for the tracking and display of multiple parameters on a single screen. The system can also display various animated organs, such as the heart or lungs, corresponding to the function of the patient's organs. [Overview of the Initiative]

[0006] This disclosure relates to a method and apparatus for a graphical representation of a patient's circulatory system condition. For example, in various embodiments, a GUI displayed on a screen includes one or more graphical elements that convey various measured physiological parameters associated with the patient's hemodynamic state and the relationships between those parameters in an intuitive and readily understandable manner. In various embodiments, these graphical elements have various spatial dimensions selected to convey the measured physiological parameters associated with the circulatory system condition.

[0007] For example, a GUI configured using selected embodiments of this disclosure includes a figure-eight schematic representing the patient's circulatory system. The first loop of the figure-eight schematic represents the patient's pulmonary circulation. In some embodiments, a second loop of the figure-eight schematic, presented below the first loop, represents the patient's systemic circulation. A central circular object connecting the first and second loops represents the patient's heart and, in some embodiments, is shaped to convey the patient's end diastolic volume (EDV). In some embodiments, one or both of the first and second loops include a plurality of arc segments. Each arc segment is shaped to convey one or more of the patient's measured physiological parameters. As used herein, the verb “shape” in its various forms refers to selecting any spatial dimensions of a graphical element, either alone and / or relative to other embodiments of the graphical element, including the size of any part of the graphical element. Therefore, for example, various arc fragments may have relative widths or thicknesses that convey various medical conditions, and depending on those medical conditions, the arc fragments may become thicker or thinner.

[0008] The embodiments described herein offer various technical advantages. The figure-eight schema allows healthcare professionals to easily confirm / understand / intuitively perceive a patient's circulatory status without needing to consult electronic medical records (EMRs) and / or patient data management systems (PDMSs). Furthermore, in embodiments where the components of the figure-eight schema are given relative thickness, clinicians can quickly determine where problems originate and / or which other areas those problems affect. For example, by normalizing different measured physiological parameters so that they are transmitted or "encoded" within various points of one or more continuous shapes (e.g., a figure-eight schema), clinicians can clearly recognize what is "normal" or "baseline" and how a particular patient's measured physiological parameters diverge from normal / baseline. Furthermore, given the compact nature of the figure-eight schema, it is possible to draw it in small areas, such as the display of a smartwatch, a patient monitor (which generally has a small display), and / or a small area of ​​a nurse's station monitor (which can also display information about other patients simultaneously), while still conveying a large amount of information. In some implementations, the figure-eight schema is also drawn in paper documents or electronic documents such as EMRs as a snapshot of the patient's circulatory system.

[0009] Generally, in one embodiment, the method is carried out using one or more processors and comprises the steps of analyzing one or more measured physiological parameters of a patient, and drawing a graphical user interface based on the analysis step, wherein the graphical user interface includes a figure-eight schema representing the patient's circulatory system, the first loop of the figure-eight schema representing the patient's pulmonary circulation, the second loop of the figure-eight schema representing the patient's systemic circulation, a central object connecting the first and second loops representing the patient's heart and shaped to convey the patient's end-diastolic volume (EDV), each of the first and second loops including a plurality of arc segments, each arc segment shaped to convey one or more of the patient's measured physiological parameters, the patient's cardiac output being conveyed by the length of the arc segment of the second loop extending from the central circular object.

[0010] In various embodiments, the method comprises the steps of drawing a first arc segment of a first loop having a first thickness selected to convey the mean pulmonary artery pressure (MPAP) of the patient's pulmonary circulation; drawing a second arc segment of the first loop having a second thickness selected to convey the pulmonary artery occlusion pressure (PAOP) of the patient's pulmonary circulation; drawing a first arc segment of a second loop having a third thickness selected to convey the mean arterial pressure (MAP) of the patient's systemic circulation; and / or drawing a second arc segment of a second loop having a fourth thickness selected to convey the central venous pressure (CVP) of the patient's systemic circulation.

[0011] In various embodiments, the patient's stroke volume is communicated by the length of a secondary arc-shaped element extending from within the arc segment of the second loop.

[0012] In various embodiments, the method comprises the step of drawing an arcuate envelope having an arcuate channel, the bore of the arcuate channel being sized to transmit vascular resistance by compressing the thickness of a portion of a first loop or a second loop. In various embodiments, one or more of the multiple arcuate segments include visual annotations of normal or baseline ranges for one or more of the patient's measured physiological parameters.

[0013] In various embodiments, at least a portion of the first loop is superimposed on a drawn pair of lungs. In various embodiments, the method includes the step of animating the drawn pair of lungs to show the patient's breathing. In various embodiments, the method includes the step of drawing the pair of lungs with visual annotations representing the patient's extravascular lung water (EVLW) level.

[0014] Furthermore, some implementations include one or more processors in one or more computing devices, one or more processors operable to execute instructions stored in associated memory, those instructions causing the execution of any of the methods described above. Also, some implementations include one or more non-temporary computer-readable storage media that store computer instructions executable by one or more processors to perform any of the methods described above.

[0015] Please understand that all combinations of the above concepts and any additional concepts described in more detail below are intended to be part of the inventive subject matter disclosed herein (provided that such concepts are not mutually contradictory). In particular, all combinations of claimed subject matter appearing at the end of this disclosure are intended to be part of the inventive subject matter disclosed herein. Please also understand that any terms expressly adopted herein, which may also appear in any disclosure incorporated by reference, should be given meanings that best correspond to the specific concepts disclosed herein.

[0016] In the drawings, the same reference numerals across different drawings generally refer to the same part. Furthermore, the drawings are not necessarily to a fixed scale; instead, the emphasis is generally on illustrating the various principles of the embodiments described herein. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0017] [Figure 1] This figure shows an exemplary environment in which a selected aspect of this disclosure is implemented. [Figure 2A] This figure shows an example of a figure-eight schema without encoded physiological measurements, according to a selected aspect of the present disclosure. [Figure 2B] This figure shows an example of a figure-eight schema without encoded physiological measurements, according to a selected aspect of the present disclosure. [Figure 3] This figure shows examples of how end-diastolic volume, stroke volume, and cardiac output are communicated in various embodiments. [Figure 4] This figure shows examples of how end-diastolic volume, stroke volume, and cardiac output are communicated in various embodiments. [Figure 5A] This figure shows a further exemplary figure-eight schematic configured using selected embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 5B] This figure shows a further exemplary figure-eight schematic configured using selected embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 6] This figure shows examples of how the figure-eight schema appears under various health conditions, according to selected embodiments of this disclosure. [Figure 7] This figure shows examples of how the figure-eight schema appears under various health conditions, according to selected embodiments of this disclosure. [Figure 8] This figure shows examples of how the figure-eight schema appears under various health conditions, according to selected embodiments of this disclosure. [Figure 9]A diagram showing examples of how the figure-eight schematic appears under various health conditions according to selected aspects of the present disclosure. [Figure 10] A diagram showing a deformed form of the figure-eight schematic according to selected aspects of the present disclosure. [Figure 11] A diagram showing a deformed form of the figure-eight schematic according to selected aspects of the present disclosure. [Figure 12] A diagram showing an alternative figure-eight schematic configured using selected aspects of the present disclosure. [Figure 13] A diagram showing an exemplary method for implementing selected aspects of the present disclosure. [Figure 14] A diagram showing an exemplary computing system architecture.

MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

[0018] In particular, when a patient is in a high-level monitoring state, such as being in an intensive care unit (ICU), a large number of physiological parameters of the patient are measured. The intellectual processing of these measured physiological parameters by medical staff, such as doctors and nurses, may severely strain the recognition ability of the medical staff. For example, the circulation information presented by a large number of existing circulatory displays may not be effective when demonstrating how various measured physiological parameters associated with the state of the patient's circulatory system interact. In view of the above, various embodiments and implementations of the present disclosure are directed to improving the graphical representation of the state of the patient's circulatory system.

[0019] Figure 1 shows an exemplary environment having various components for implementing selected embodiments of the present disclosure. Patient 100 has various physiological parameters measured, for example, by various types of probes, electrodes, clinical trials, swabs, etc. One or more of these measured physiological parameters are provided to a local computing device 102 operably coupled with a patient monitor 104. In some embodiments, the patient monitor 104 is a standalone computing device with onboard logic such as a processor and memory, in which case the computing device 102 may be omitted. The patient monitor 104 displays a graphical user interface ("GUI", not shown in Figure 1) configured using selected embodiments of the present disclosure to convey information about the patient 100's cardiovascular system.

[0020] Healthcare professionals 106, such as physicians, nurses, and clinicians, operate various types of client computing devices 108 to directly read the patient monitor 104 and / or to view a GUI drawn using a selected aspect of the Disclosure. The computing device 108 (or other computing devices referred to herein) can take various forms, including desktop computing devices, laptop computing devices, tablet computing devices, mobile phone computing devices, computing devices in the user's vehicle (e.g., in-vehicle communication systems, in-vehicle entertainment systems, in-vehicle navigation systems), standalone interactive speakers (including vision sensors, in some cases), smart appliances such as smart televisions (or standard televisions with network dongles with automatic assistant functions), and / or wearable devices for the user that include computing devices (e.g., the user's wristwatch with a computing device, the user's glasses with a computing device, virtual or augmented reality computing devices). Additional and / or alternative client computing devices may be provided.

[0021] Various components shown in Figure 1, such as computing device 102, computing device 108, and / or patient monitor 104, communicate with each other via one or more computer networks 110. One or more computer networks 110 include wired and / or wireless local area and / or wide area networks (e.g., the Internet). Various computer networking technologies, such as Wi-Fi, cellular, Ethernet, and fiber optics, may be implemented to facilitate communication between the various components.

[0022] Various information systems are provided that are accessible to obtain various data points relevant to this disclosure. For example, a hospital information system (HIS) 112 and / or an EMR / PDMS system 114 receive and / or maintain measured physiological parameters, for example, as part of EMR for a patient. A user interface (UI) engine 116 is configured to implement selected aspects of this disclosure to cause various display devices, such as a patient monitor 104, a computing device 108, or a laptop computer 118 controlled by the patient 100 (for example, at the patient's residence or the residence of a close relative of the patient) and / or other devices such as a smartwatch 120 worn by a healthcare professional 106 (or the patient), to display a GUI configured using selected aspects of this disclosure.

[0023] In some implementations, the UI engine 116 delivers data in various forms to cause a GUI configured using selected aspects of this disclosure to be drawn on a remote computing device. In some implementations, the UI engine 116 delivers markup language documents (e.g., HTML, XML) that are rendered by a web browser or other application. In some embodiments, the UI engine 116 delivers graphics data that can be used on the remote computing device to draw a figure-eight schema configured using selected aspects of this disclosure. In various implementations, this graphics data can take the form of vector graphics, rasterized / bitmap graphics, etc. In other implementations, the UI engine 116 is implemented, for example, entirely or partially, on a client device based on data received from the UI engine 116 on the client device.

[0024] In some implementations, the UI engine 116 obtains measured physiological parameters from other information systems (e.g., 112, 114), from a laboratory, and / or from equipment used to monitor the physiological parameters of patient 100, normalizes and analyzes these data points, and, based on the analysis, draws graphical elements that convey various aspects of patient 100's circulatory system. Although shown separately from the HIS 112 and EMR / PDMS 114 in Figure 1, in other embodiments, the UI engine 116 is integrated with any of these other information systems. In some embodiments, the patient also wears a smartwatch and / or wearable patient monitor (not shown) which includes a display on which a GUI configured using the embodiments of this disclosure is drawn.

[0025] Figures 2A and 2B show exemplary figure-eight schematics 222 as depicted as part of a GUI in various embodiments. Figure 2A includes several visual annotations in the form of arrows, showing how different parts can be shaped to convey various physiological information about patient 100. Figure 2B shows in more detail how the figure-eight schematic is logically divided into multiple arc segments, each corresponding to a different measured physiological parameter of patient 100.

[0026] Referring to both Figures 2A and 2B, the figure-eight schematic 222 includes a first loop 224 representing the pulmonary circulation of patient 100 (e.g., a perfect circle, an ellipse, or some other circular shape). The figure-eight schematic 222 also includes a second loop 226 representing the systemic circulation of patient 100 (e.g., a perfect circle or an ellipse). In other words, the upper loop 224 represents the circulation in the lungs of patient 100, and the lower loop 226 represents the circulation elsewhere in patient 100. Just as the lungs and the rest of the circulatory system are connected by the heart, the figure-eight schematic also includes a central object 228 representing the heart of patient 100 (e.g., a perfect circle or an ellipse).

[0027] In various embodiments, one or both of the first loop 224 and the second loop 226 include multiple arc segments (e.g., logically divided into multiple arc segments). These segments are also indicated in Figure 2A, but this is best seen in Figure 2B. Each arc segment is shaped to convey one or more measured physiological parameters of patient 100, more specifically, various pressures and / or resistances measured within patient 100's body. Various arrows are given in Figure 2A to illustrate an example of how these various physiological parameters are conveyed. In various implementations, one or more measured physiological values ​​are normalized relative to other measured physiological values ​​so that different measured physiological parameters with different values ​​can be viewed together on a single figure-eight schema. This allows the relative thickness of the arc segments to effectively convey the patient's hemodynamic state in an intuitive and useful manner.

[0028] In some implementations, the central object 228 is shaped (e.g., sized) to convey the end-diastolic volume (EDV) of the patient 100. In some embodiments, the patient's cardiac output is conveyed by the arc length 232 of an arc segment 230 (referred to herein as the “CO arc segment”) of a second loop 226 extending from the central object 228. Although not shown in Figures 2A–2B, in some embodiments, the stroke volume of the patient 100 is conveyed by the length of a secondary arc-shaped element extending from within the CO arc segment 230 (see 352 in Figure 4).

[0029] Immediately downstream of the CO arc segment 230 is the mean arterial pressure (MAP) arc segment 234. The MAP arc segment 234 has a thickness selected based on the MAP measure of patient 100 (indicated by the double arrow 235). For example, in the case of a patient with high blood pressure, the MAP arc segment 234 will be relatively thick. In the case of a patient with low blood pressure, the MAP arc segment 234 will be relatively thin. The thickness of the CO arc segment 230 follows that of the MAP coded arc 234 (for example, it is the same as the MAP coded arc 234).

[0030] Immediately downstream of the MAP arc segment 234, an arc-shaped envelope 236 is depicted with an arc-shaped channel 238. The arc-shaped channel 238 has a bore that is either bored out or sized to transmit systemic vascular resistance (SVR) by compressing the thickness of a portion of the second loop 226, as indicated by the inward arrow 239 in the lower right of Figure 2A. For example, in patients with high SVR, the arc segment 238 will be relatively thin. In patients with low SVR, the arc segment 238 will be relatively thick.

[0031] Downstream of the arc-shaped envelope 236, a central venous pressure (CVP) arc segment 240 is shaped to convey the CVP measurement of patient 100, also as a reasonable approximation of right atrial pressure (RAP) and / or as a surrogate for preload. After the CVP arc segment 240, blood flow returns to the central object 228 corresponding to the heart of patient 100, as described above. Thus, for example, the thickness of the CVP arc segment 240 represents the pressure of venous blood returning to the heart of patient 100.

[0032] Next, we focus on the first loop 224 representing the pulmonary circulation of patient 100. The mean pulmonary artery pressure (MPAP) arc segment 241 is shaped to have a width that conveys the MPAP of patient 100 (indicated by the double-headed arrow 243). Similarly, the pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP) or pulmonary artery occlusion pressure (PAOP) arc segment 242 is shaped to have a width that conveys the PAWP / PAOP measurement of patient 100 (indicated by the double-headed arrow 245).

[0033] Similar to the arcuate envelope 236 in the second loop 226 (systemic circulation) of patient 100, another arcuate envelope 244 with an arcuate channel 246 is provided between the MPAP arcuate segment 241 and the PAWP arcuate segment 242. The arcuate channel 246 has a bore that is sized over a portion of the first loop 224 to transmit pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) by boring it open or by compressing its thickness, as indicated by the inward arrow 247 in the upper left of Figure 2A. As an example, in patients with high PVR, the arcuate segment 246 will be relatively thin.

[0034] In Figures 2A and 2B, the figure-eight schematic 222 was shown without any underlying physiological measurements. The various additional figures described below illustrate how the figure-eight schematic 222 appears under various circumstances. Beginning with Figure 3, the figure-eight schematic 222 is depicted with a CO arc segment 230 of a second loop 226 extending from a central object 228 by an arc length 232 that conveys the cardiac output (CO) of patient 100. In some embodiments, as shown in Figure 4, the stroke volume (SV) of patient 100 is conveyed by the length of a secondary arc-shaped element 352 extending from within the CO arc segment 230.

[0035] The thickness of the arc segments in Figure 3 is relatively uniform, suggesting that the patient's physiological measurements are within the normal range. Figure 3 therefore illustrates the possible normalization target mentioned above to ensure that the thickness of the various arc segments is roughly uniform for patients whose measured physiological parameters are within the normal range. Although not shown in the figure, in some implementations, the various arc segments may be further visually annotated to convey what they represent. For example, the MPAP arc segment 241 may be labeled "MPAP," and may or may not be labeled with a numerical value. Other arc segments may or may not be annotated.

[0036] Figures 5A and 5B show modified forms of the figure-eight schematic 222 without visual annotations indicating normal or baseline values, and modified forms of the figure-eight schematic 222 with such visual annotations. In both Figures 5A and 5B, the pulmonary circulation of patient 100 is indicated by the first loop 224 as having low pressure and low resistance. For example, the arcuate channel 246 is enlarged or expanded. In contrast, the systemic circulation of patient 100 is indicated by the second loop 226 with high pressure and high resistance, but the preload (EDV) is close to normal. For example, the arcuate channel 238 is compressed. In Figure 5B, visual annotations in the form of lines 550, 552 are shown on the underlying arcuate segment to show clinicians how various measured physiological parameters compare to normal or baseline measures. These visual annotations are not present in Figure 5A.

[0037] Figures 6–9 illustrate examples of how the figure-eight schematic 222 manifests under various health conditions according to selected embodiments of the present disclosure. In Figure 6, patient 100 is experiencing hypovolemic shock, a life-threatening condition that occurs when patient 100 loses more than a certain percentage (e.g., 20%) of their blood supply. Accordingly, the PAOP arc segment 242, MAP arc segment 234, CVP arc segment 240, and MPAP arc segment 241 are drawn narrowly to convey their respective low pressures. The arc channel 246 of the arc envelope 244 and the arc channel 238 of the arc envelope 236 are drawn in a compressed configuration to show high PVR and high SVR, respectively.

[0038] In Figure 7, patient 100 is experiencing cardiogenic shock, a life-threatening condition that occurs when the patient's heart is unable to pump enough oxygen to organs such as the brain and kidneys. One common cause of cardiogenic shock is a heart attack. In Figure 7, the PAOP arc segment 242, the CVP arc segment 240, and the MPAP arc segment 241 are each drawn with relatively wide thicknesses to convey their respective high pressures. In contrast, the MAP arc segment 234 is drawn relatively narrowly to indicate relatively low pressures. The arc channel 246 of the arc envelope 244 and the arc channel 238 of the arc envelope 236 are also drawn with compressed configurations to indicate high PVR and high SVR, respectively. A well-trained clinician can quickly conclude that patient 100 is experiencing cardiogenic shock by reviewing the configurations shown in Figure 7.

[0039] In Figure 8, patient 100 is experiencing septic shock, a life-threatening condition that occurs when a patient's blood pressure drops to dangerously low levels, often following an infection, though not exclusively, that is caused by bacteria. Therefore, the PAOP arc segment 242, MAP arc segment 234, CVP arc segment 240, and MPAP arc segment 241 are depicted narrowly to convey their respective low pressures. The arc channel 246 of arc envelope 244 and the arc channel 238 of arc envelope 236 are depicted in uncompressed or expanded configurations to indicate low PVR and low SVR, respectively. A well-trained clinician can quickly conclude, by reviewing the configuration shown in Figure 8, that patient 100 is experiencing septic shock.

[0040] In Figure 9, patient 100 has pulmonary embolism, or occlusion of one of the pulmonary arteries in patient 100's lungs. Therefore, the PAOP arc segment 242 and the MAP arc segment 234 are drawn narrowly to convey their respective low pressures. In contrast, the CVP arc segment 240 and the MPAP arc segment 241 are drawn relatively thickly to convey their respective high pressures. The arc channel 246 of the arc envelope 244 is drawn in a compressed configuration to indicate a high PVR. In contrast, the arc channel 238 of the arc envelope 236 is drawn uncompressed or expanded to indicate a normal SVR. A well-trained clinician can quickly conclude that patient 100 has pulmonary embolism by reviewing the configuration shown in Figure 9.

[0041] Figures 10 and 11 show variations of the figure-eight schematic according to selected embodiments of the present disclosure. In each figure, a portion of the first loop 224 is superimposed on a drawn pair of lungs 260. The pair of lungs 260 are visually annotated and / or drawn in various ways to convey various information. In Figure 10, for example, the pair of lungs 260 includes a schematic depiction of fluid 262 rising within the pair of lungs 260 to convey extravascular pulmonary water volume (EVLW) or extravascular lung water index (ELWI).

[0042] In Figure 11, a pair of lungs 260 are animated to show the patient's breathing. For example, the pair of lungs 260 are animated to expand when the patient inhales and contract when the patient exhales. Another animation informs the user of aortic blood movement, for example, by showing that a CO arc segment 230 expands and contracts in sync with the heart rate, and arterial blood movement helps in the recognition of abnormalities.

[0043] In some embodiments, the figure-eight schematic 222 is animated to show changes in the patient's hemodynamic state over time. For example, the thickness of various arc segments changes over time to show the patient's progressing hemodynamic state. If the patient falls into a state such as one of the states shown in Figures 6–9, this change will be evident in these animations and can be used as part of a clinical decision support (CDS) analysis. In some such embodiments, the clinician can scroll through the timeline to “fast forward” and / or “rewind” these animations, for example, to determine how a particular state developed and / or to obtain a holistic overview of the patient's hemodynamic state at various points in time.

[0044] The figure-eight schematic is not limited to the mostly circular loops shown in the previous figure. In various embodiments, the figure-eight schematic includes loops of different shapes. Figure 12 shows an exemplary figure-eight schematic 1222 with components that are labeled similarly to the components in the other figures, except that the reference numerals begin with "12" instead of "2". The first loop 1224 is mostly circular in shape, but the boundary between the central object 1228 and the first loop 1224 differs from that shown in the previous figure.

[0045] Furthermore, in Figure 12, the central object 1228 is shaped differently from the central object 228 in the previous figure, and the central object 1228 is slightly heart-shaped. In addition, in Figure 12, the second loop 1226 has a somewhat circular shape, but, similar to the first loop 1224, the boundary between the second loop 1226 and the central object 1228 is different from the boundary between the second loop 226 and the central object 228 in the previous figure.

[0046] Next, with reference to Figure 13, an exemplary method 1300 for carrying out a selected aspect of the present disclosure will be described. For convenience, the operations will be described with reference to a system that performs the operations of the flowchart. This system may include various components of various computer systems. For example, various operations may be performed by one or more components of the UI engine 116 or other components of Figure 1. Furthermore, although the operations of method 1300 are shown in a particular order, this is not limiting. One or more operations may be rearranged, omitted, or added.

[0047] In block 1302, the system analyzes one or more measured physiological parameters of the patient, particularly parameters related to the patient's circulatory system, such as PVR, MPAP, EDV, CVP, PAOP, CO, SV, MAP, and / or SVR. Based on this analysis, in block 1304, the system displays a GUI. In various implementations, the GUI includes a figure-eight schema (e.g., 222) representing the patient's circulatory system. For example, as shown in the previous figure, the figure-eight schema 222 includes a first loop 224 representing the patient's pulmonary circulation, a second loop 226 representing the patient's systemic circulation, and a central circular object 228 connecting the first and second loops and representing the patient's heart. In some embodiments, the central circular object 228 is shaped to convey the patient's EDV (e.g., having a diameter selected to do so).

[0048] In various embodiments, one or both of the first and second loops include a plurality of arc segments. Each arc segment is shaped to convey a patient's respective measured physiological parameter. For example, in block 1306, the system draws a first arc segment 241 of the first loop 224 having a first thickness selected to convey a first measured physiological parameter of patient 100, such as patient 100's MPAP. In block 1308, the system draws a second arc segment 242 of the first loop 224 having a second thickness selected to convey a second measured physiological parameter of patient 100, such as patient PAOP.

[0049] As an additional example, in block 1310, the system draws a first arc segment 234 of a second loop 226 having a third thickness selected to convey a third measured physiological parameter of patient 100, such as patient 100's MAP. In block 1312, the system draws a second arc segment 240 of a second loop 226 having a fourth thickness selected to convey a fourth measured physiological parameter of patient 100, such as patient CVP.

[0050] Figure 14 is a block diagram of an exemplary computing device 1410, which may be used as appropriate to perform one or more embodiments of the techniques described herein. The computing device 1410 generally includes at least one processor 1414 that communicates with several peripheral devices via a bus subsystem 1412. These peripheral devices include a storage subsystem 1424, which includes, for example, a memory subsystem 1425 and a file storage subsystem 1426, a user interface output device 1420, a user interface input device 1422, and a network interface subsystem 1416. The input and output devices enable user interaction with the computing device 1410. The network interface subsystem 1416 provides an interface to an external network and is coupled to a corresponding interface device in another computing device.

[0051] The user interface input device 1422 includes pointing devices such as keyboards, mice, trackballs, touchpads, or graphics tablets, audio input devices such as scanners, touchscreens embedded in displays, speech recognition systems, microphones, and / or other types of input devices. Generally, the use of the term “input device” includes all possible types of devices and means for inputting information into the computing device 1410 or onto a communication network.

[0052] The user interface output device 1420 includes non-visual displays such as a display subsystem, printer, fax machine, or audio output device. The display subsystem includes flat panel devices such as cathode ray tubes (CRTs), liquid crystal displays (LCDs), projection devices, or any other mechanism for creating visible images. The display subsystem may also provide non-visual displays, such as via an audio output device. In general, the use of the term “output device” includes all possible types of devices and means for outputting information from the computing device 1410 to the user or to another machine or computing device.

[0053] The storage subsystem 1424 stores programming and data structures that provide some or all of the functionality of the modules described herein. For example, the storage subsystem 1424 may include logic for performing selected embodiments of the method shown in Figure 13, as well as for implementing the various components shown in Figure 1.

[0054] These software modules are generally executed by processor 1414 alone or in combination with other processors. The memory 1425 used in the storage subsystem 1424 may include several memories, including main random access memory (RAM) 1430 for storing instructions and data during program execution, and read-only memory (ROM) 1432 in which fixed instructions are stored. The file storage subsystem 1426 can provide persistent storage for program and data files and may include hard disk drives, floppy disk drives with associated removable media, CD-ROM drives, optical drives, or removable media cartridges. Modules performing functions in several implementation forms may be stored by the file storage subsystem 1426 in the storage subsystem 1424, or in other machines accessible by processor 1414.

[0055] The bus subsystem 1412 provides a mechanism for various components of the computing device 1410 to communicate with each other, as intended. Although the bus subsystem 1412 is schematically shown as a single bus, alternative implementations of the bus subsystem use multiple buses.

[0056] The computing device 1410 can be of various types, including workstations, servers, computing clusters, blade servers, server farms, or any other data processing systems or computing devices. Due to the constantly changing nature of computers and networks, the description of the computing device 1410 shown in Figure 14 is merely a specific example for the purpose of illustrating several implementation forms. Many other configurations of the computing device 1410 are possible, having more or fewer components than the computing device shown in Figure 14.

[0057] According to this disclosure, easily recognizable visual patterns are generated and drawn, enabling a faster and more reliable diagnosis than the cumbersome process of combining several numerical values ​​to create an equivalent mental image. This disclosure ensures that multiple factors are combined and no available facts are overlooked. This, therefore, makes things easier for the user, reduces mental burden, and creates a useful diagnostic tool.

[0058] Because any changes in pulmonary circulation measures in response to a treatment are reflected, allowing users (e.g., caregivers or clinicians) to respond immediately to any suspicious changes in pulmonary circulation, the effectiveness of a patient's treatment becomes directly, immediately visible, and easily understandable.

[0059] For example, if a user recognizes that a certain operation of a machine used for treatment (e.g., a ventilator) or a certain drug (e.g., administered intravenously) leads to a significant change in the patient's EDV and / or cardiac output, this is immediately reflected in the figure-eight schema and can therefore be quickly recognized and addressed by the user, for example, by changing the parameters of the machine's operation or by changing the drug. Thus, using this disclosure enables both rapid diagnosis and immediate treatment, i.e., a direct and rapid interaction between diagnosis and treatment.

[0060] While several inventive embodiments have been described and shown herein, those skilled in the art will readily imagine a variety of other means and / or structures for performing the functions described herein and / or obtaining one or more of the results and / or advantages described herein, and each of such variations and / or modifications will be considered within the scope of the inventive embodiments described herein. More generally, those skilled in the art will readily understand that all parameters, dimensions, materials and configurations described herein are illustrative, and that actual parameters, dimensions, materials and / or configurations depend on the specific one or more applications for which the inventive teachings are used. Those skilled in the art will be able to recognize numerous equivalents of the specific inventive embodiments described herein, or to verify such equivalents by simply using routine experimentation. Therefore, it should be understood that the embodiments described above are presented merely as examples, and that within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents, the inventive embodiments may be carried out in ways other than those specifically described and claimed. The inventive embodiments of this disclosure cover each individual feature, system, article, material, kit, and / or method described herein. Furthermore, any combination of two or more such features, systems, articles, materials, kits, and / or methods is included within the inventive scope of this disclosure, provided that such features, systems, articles, materials, kits, and / or methods are not inconsistent with each other.

[0061] It should be understood that all definitions defined and used herein govern dictionary definitions, definitions in documents incorporated by reference, and / or the ordinary meanings of the terms defined.

[0062] As used herein and in the claims, the singular form should be understood to mean "at least one" unless explicitly stated otherwise.

[0063] When used herein and in the claims, the phrase “and / or” should be understood to mean “either or both” of the elements thus combined, that is, elements that are sometimes conjunctive and sometimes disjunctive. Multiple elements listed using “and / or” should be interpreted in the same manner, that is, “one or more” of the elements thus combined. Other elements other than those specifically identified by the “and / or” clause may be present, whether related to those specifically identified elements or not. Thus, as a non-restrictive example, when used with open-ended wording such as “equipped with,” in one embodiment it may refer only to A (optionally including elements other than B), in another embodiment it may refer only to B (optionally including elements other than A), and in yet another embodiment it may refer to both A and B (optionally including other elements).

[0064] As used herein and in the claims, “or” should be understood to have the same meaning as “and / or” as defined above. For example, when separating items in a list, “or” or “and / or” should be interpreted as inclusive, that is, including not only at least one of several elements or lists of elements, but two or more of them, and optionally, any additional unlisted items. Only terms that explicitly state the opposite, such as “exactly one of” or “strictly one of” or “consisting of” as used in the claims, refer to including exactly one element of several elements or lists of elements. In general, as used herein, the term “or” should be interpreted only when preceded by a term of exclusivity, such as “either,” “one of,” “exactly one of,” or “strictly one of,” to indicate an exclusive choice (i.e., “one or the other, but not both”). “Essentially consisting of” as used in the claims should have its usual meaning as used in the field of patent law.

[0065] When used herein and in the claims, the phrase “at least one” with respect to a list of one or more elements should be understood to mean at least one element selected from any one or more of the elements in the list of elements, but not necessarily including at least one of each element specifically described in the list of elements, and not excluding any combination of elements in the list of elements. This definition also allows for the optional presence of elements other than those specifically identified in the list of elements to which the phrase “at least one” refers, whether or not they are related to the specifically identified elements. Therefore, as a non-restrictive example, "at least one of A and B" (or, equivalently, "at least one of A or B", or, equivalently, "at least one of A and / or B") may, in one embodiment, refer to at least one A which optionally includes two or more A's, but no B (optionally including elements other than B); in another embodiment, refer to at least one B which optionally includes two or more B's, but no A (optionally including elements other than A); and in yet another embodiment, refer to at least one A which optionally includes two or more A's, and at least one B which optionally includes two or more B's (optionally including other elements), and so on.

[0066] Furthermore, unless otherwise expressly stated, in any method claimed herein that includes two or more steps or actions, the order of the steps or actions of that method is not necessarily limited to the order in which the steps or actions of that method are presented.

[0067] In the claims and in this specification above, all transitional phrases, such as “equipped with,” “include,” “carry,” “possess,” “contain,” “accompany,” “hold,” and “consist of,” should be understood to be open-ended, meaning “include but not limit.” Only the transitional phrases “consist of” and “essentially consist of” are considered closed or semi-closed transitional phrases, respectively, as defined in Section 2111.03 of the U.S. Patent and Trademark Examination Manual. It should be understood that certain expressions and reference symbols used in the claims in accordance with Rule 6.2(b) of the Patent Cooperation Treaty ("PCT") do not limit their scope.

[0068] In another embodiment, a method and a corresponding system are presented, the method comprising the steps of analyzing one or more measured physiological parameters of a patient, and drawing a graphical user interface based on the analysis step, wherein the graphical user interface includes a figure-eight schema representing the patient's circulatory system, the first loop of the figure-eight schema representing the patient's pulmonary circulation, the second loop of the figure-eight schema representing the patient's systemic circulation, a central object connecting the first and second loops representing the patient's heart, and each of the first and second loops including a plurality of arc segments, each arc segment being shaped to convey one or more of the patient's measured physiological parameters.

Claims

1. A step of analyzing one or more measured physiological parameters of a patient, A step of drawing a graphical user interface based on the analysis step, wherein the graphical user interface includes a figure-eight schema representing the patient's circulatory system. It has, The first loop of the figure-eight schematic represents the pulmonary circulation of the patient. The second loop of the figure-eight schematic represents the patient's systemic circulation. The central object connecting the first loop and the second loop is shaped to represent the patient's heart and to convey the patient's end-diastolic volume (EDV), Each of the first and second loops includes a plurality of arc segments, each arc segment being shaped to transmit one or more of the patient's measured physiological parameters, and the patient's cardiac output is transmitted by the length of the arc segment of the second loop extending from the central object. A method carried out by one or more processors.

2. The steps include drawing a first arc segment of the first loop having a first thickness selected to convey the mean pulmonary artery pressure (MPAP) of the patient's pulmonary circulation, The steps include drawing a second arc segment of the first loop having a second thickness selected to convey the pulmonary artery occlusion pressure (PAOP) of the pulmonary circulation of the patient, and A method carried out by one or more processors according to claim 1, having the following:

3. The steps include drawing a first arc segment of the second loop having a third thickness selected to convey the mean arterial pressure (MAP) of the patient's systemic circulation, The steps include drawing a second arc segment of the second loop having a fourth thickness selected to transmit the central venous pressure (CVP) of the patient's systemic circulation, and A method carried out by one or more processors according to claim 1, having the following:

4. The method, carried out by one or more processors according to claim 1, wherein the stroke volume of the patient is conveyed by the length of a secondary arc-shaped element extending from within the arc segment of the second loop.

5. A method carried out by one or more processors according to claim 1, comprising the step of drawing an arc-shaped envelope having an arc-shaped channel, wherein the bore of the arc-shaped channel is sized to transmit vascular resistance by compressing the thickness of a portion of the first loop or the second loop.

6. A method performed by one or more processors according to claim 1, wherein one or more of the plurality of arc segments include a visual annotation of the normal range or baseline range for each of the one or more of the measured physiological parameters of the patient.

7. The method according to claim 1, performed by one or more processors, wherein at least a portion of the first loop is superimposed on a pair of drawn lungs.

8. A method carried out by one or more processors according to claim 7, comprising the step of animating the drawn pair of lungs to show the patient's breathing.

9. A method carried out by one or more processors according to claim 7, comprising the step of drawing the pair of lungs together with a visual annotation indicating the level of extravascular pulmonary water (EVLW) of the patient.

10. A system comprising one or more processors and memory for storing instructions, wherein the instructions are, in response to the execution of the instructions by the one or more processors, the one or more processors, Analyzing one or more measured physiological parameters of a patient, Based on the above analysis, the graphical user interface is to draw a graphical user interface that includes an eight-shaped schematic representing the patient's circulatory system. Have them do it, The first loop of the figure-eight schematic represents the pulmonary circulation of the patient. The second loop of the figure-eight schematic represents the patient's systemic circulation. The central object connecting the first loop and the second loop is shaped to represent the patient's heart and to convey the patient's end-diastolic volume (EDV), A system in which each of the first loop and the second loop includes a plurality of arc segments, each arc segment being shaped to transmit one or more of the measured physiological parameters of the patient, and the patient's cardiac output is transmitted by the length of the arc segment of the second loop extending from the central object.

11. To draw a first arc segment of the first loop having a first thickness selected to convey the mean pulmonary artery pressure (MPAP) of the patient's pulmonary circulation, To draw a second arc segment of the first loop having a second thickness selected to convey the pulmonary artery occlusion pressure (PAOP) of the pulmonary circulation of the patient, The system according to claim 10, including instructions for performing the following actions.

12. To draw a first arc segment of the second loop having a third thickness selected to convey the mean arterial pressure (MAP) of the patient's systemic circulation, To draw a second arc segment of the second loop having a fourth thickness selected to transmit the central venous pressure (CVP) of the patient's systemic circulation, The system according to claim 10, including instructions for performing the following actions.

13. At least one non-temporary computer-readable medium comprising an instruction, wherein the instruction causes one or more processors to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 9 in response to the execution of the instruction by one or more processors.

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