Ship greenhouse gas emission reduction devices and ships or offshore structures equipped with them

Abstract

The present invention discloses a greenhouse gas emission reduction device for a ship that can mineralize and atomize CO2 for storage on board the ship, comprising: a seawater supply unit 110 that supplies seawater; an absorption liquid circulation supply unit 120 that provides and circulates an absorption liquid that absorbs CO2; an absorption tower 130 including a CO2 removal unit 131 that reacts exhaust gas emitted from a ship engine 10 with seawater to cool it, and reacts the cooled exhaust gas with the absorption liquid to convert CO2 into a carbonate aqueous solution and capture CO2; an absorption liquid regeneration unit 140 that reacts the carbonate aqueous solution with a divalent metal oxide or a divalent metal hydroxide to regenerate the absorption liquid and produce a precipitate; and an onboard storage unit 150 that separates, dries, and atomizes the precipitate and stores it on board the ship.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a device for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from ships and a ship or offshore structure equipped therewith, and more particularly to a device for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from ships and a ship or offshore structure equipped therewith that collects CO2 from exhaust gas, mineralizes it, crushes it, and then atomizes it so that it can be stored on board the ship without polluting the marine environment and can be used to facilitate cargo handling. [Background technology]

[0002] In recent years, the indiscriminate use of fossil fuels has led to greenhouse gas emissions, causing global warming and the resulting natural disasters.

[0003] Therefore, a series of technologies related to capturing and storing carbon dioxide, a representative greenhouse gas, without releasing it, are called CCS (Carbon dioxide Capture and Storage) technologies, and have attracted considerable attention in recent years. Among CCS technologies, chemical absorption is the most commercially advanced due to its ability to handle large-scale processing.

[0004] Furthermore, while carbon dioxide emissions are regulated by the IMO's EEDI (Economic Development Initiative), the goal is to reduce emissions by more than 50% compared to 2008 levels by 2050, and by 40% compared to 2008 levels by 2030. Therefore, technologies that either eliminate CO2 emissions or capture emitted CO2 are attracting attention.

[0005] Of the carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies that directly capture and store carbon dioxide, CO2 capture technology can be approached in various ways depending on the CO2 generation conditions of the target process. Currently, the representative technologies are absorption, adsorption, and membrane separation. Among these, wet absorption is considered the capture technology closest to commercialization of CCS technology because it is highly mature in onshore plants and can easily handle large quantities of CO2. The main absorbents used are amines and ammonia.

[0006] On the other hand, the aforementioned technologies for reducing carbon dioxide emissions or capturing generated carbon dioxide have not yet been commercialized for ships, and methods using hydrogen or ammonia as fuel are still under development and have not yet reached the commercialization stage.

[0007] Furthermore, in ships equipped with scrubbers that use high-sulfur fuel oil, SOx has a high solubility and is converted to NaSO3 compounds first. This presents a disadvantage in that CO2 removal is difficult until the SOx is completely dissolved. In particular, the use of separate, consumable absorbent liquid raw materials for CO2 removal increases the cost of greenhouse gas removal.

[0008] Therefore, there is a need to apply technology to ships that do not have separate consumable absorbent liquid raw materials and use fossil fuels, to convert CO2 from exhaust gases emitted from the ship's engines into environmentally harmless substances and store them instead of releasing them into the sea. [Overview of the project] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]

[0009] The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and its object is to provide a greenhouse gas emission reduction device for ships that can capture CO2 from exhaust gas, mineralize it, crush it, and then atomize it to store it on board the ship without polluting the marine environment, thereby facilitating cargo handling, and a ship or offshore structure equipped therewith. [Means for solving the problem]

[0010] To achieve the aforementioned objectives, one embodiment of the present invention provides a greenhouse gas emission reduction device for ships, comprising: an absorbent liquid circulation supply unit that provides and circulates an absorbent liquid that absorbs CO2; an exhaust gas cooling unit that cools exhaust gas discharged from a ship's engine; an absorption tower that includes a CO2 removal unit that reacts the cooled exhaust gas with the absorbent liquid to convert CO2 into a carbonate aqueous solution and collect the CO2; an absorbent liquid regeneration unit that regenerates the absorbent liquid by reacting the carbonate aqueous solution with a regeneration reactant and generates a precipitate; and an onboard storage unit that separates the precipitate and stores it on board the ship.

[0011] In this case, the onboard storage unit can separate the sediment, dry it, and then atomize it for storage on board the ship.

[0012] At this time, the onboard storage unit can filter the turbid liquid, which is a mixture of the sediment and the absorbent liquid, to separate the sediment, dry and remove the sediment by passing it through high-temperature dry air, and pulverize the sediment into fine particles while supplying high-temperature compressed air.

[0013] Specifically, the onboard storage section may include a separator comprising an outer wall and an internal filter, which allows the turbidity to flow between the outer wall and the internal filter to accumulate solid-phase sediment between the outer wall and the internal filter and returns the absorbent liquid to the absorbent liquid circulation supply section or the absorbent liquid regeneration section; an air heater which blows high-temperature dry air into the separator to dry the sediment at high temperature; a grinder which consists of an internal rotating cylinder and an external rotating cylinder, each having a mesh of a certain size, which passes the high-temperature dried sediment between the internal rotating cylinder and the external rotating cylinder to grind it and uniformly atomize it; and a sediment storage tank which stores and contains the ground sediment.

[0014] Here, the air heater can supply high-temperature dry air to the pulverizer by blowing it.

[0015] In this case, the air heater can heat and provide air to 90°C to 100°C.

[0016] Also, when the separation and high-temperature drying of the precipitate in the separator are completed, the separator can remove the precipitate adhering to the outer surface of the internal filter and discharge it to the pulverizer.

[0017] Here, compressed air can be passed through the separator to remove the precipitate.

[0018] Also, the precipitate can be removed through the contraction and expansion structure of the internal filter.

[0019] Furthermore, it includes a filter for collecting the dust generated during pulverization by the pulverizer, or a cyclone dust collector for collecting the dust, and the collected powder or the dust-collected powder can be supplied to the precipitate storage tank.

[0020] [[ID=I5]] Also, the precipitate contains carbonate, and the absorption liquid is a monovalent alkali aqueous solution, which can include any one of an aqueous LiOH solution, an aqueous NaOH solution, an aqueous KOH solution, and an aqueous NH4OH solution.

[0021] Furthermore, it further includes a seawater supply unit for supplying seawater from outside the ship. The seawater supply unit can include a seawater pump that receives the supply of the seawater from outside the ship through a sea chest and pumps it to the absorption tower, and a seawater control valve for adjusting the injection amount of the seawater supplied from the seawater pump to the absorption tower according to the amount of exhaust gas.

[0022] Here, the exhaust gas cooling unit can cool the exhaust gas discharged from the ship engine by reacting it with the seawater supplied from the seawater supply unit.

[0023] 。 Also, the exhaust gas cooling unit can cool the exhaust gas discharged from the ship engine by reacting it with fresh water. <00K0090> Furthermore, the exhaust gas cooling unit can cool the exhaust gas by circulating fresh water provided from the in-ship cooling system through a heat exchange pipe that wraps the exhaust gas discharge pipe.

[0025] Further, the exhaust gas cooling unit can be provided inside the absorption tower.

[0026] Furthermore, the absorption liquid circulation supply unit can include an absorption liquid storage tank for storing the absorption liquid, an absorption liquid pump for pumping and transferring the absorption liquid from the absorption liquid storage tank, an absorption liquid circulation tank for mixing and storing the aqueous carbonate solution discharged from the absorption tower and the absorption liquid supplied from the absorption liquid pump, and an absorption liquid circulation pump for supplying the absorption liquid from the absorption liquid circulation tank to the upper stage of the CO2 removal unit and circulating it.

[0027] Here, the absorption liquid pump can supply the absorption liquid to the absorption liquid circulation tank so as to fill the shortage of the absorption liquid discharged to the in-ship storage unit.

[0028] Also, the absorption liquid can be generated by electrolyzing seawater and fresh water respectively, and stored in the absorption liquid storage tank.

[0029] Furthermore, it further includes a seawater supply unit for supplying seawater from outside the ship. The exhaust gas cooling unit is provided inside the absorption tower. The absorption tower, as the exhaust gas cooling unit, further includes a SOx absorption unit for reacting the exhaust gas with the seawater supplied from the seawater supply unit to cool it while dissolving and removing SOx. The CO2 removal unit can react the cooled exhaust gas from which SOx has been removed with the absorption liquid from the absorption liquid circulation supply unit to convert it into an aqueous carbonate solution and collect CO2.

[0030] Alternatively, it further includes a seawater supply unit for supplying seawater from outside the ship. The absorption tower further includes a NOx absorption unit for absorbing and removing NOx in the exhaust gas. The exhaust gas cooling unit is provided inside the absorption tower. The exhaust gas from which NOx has been removed is reacted with the seawater supplied from the seawater supply unit to be cooled. The CO2 removal unit can react the cooled exhaust gas with the absorption liquid from the absorption liquid circulation supply unit to convert it into an aqueous carbonate solution and collect CO2.

[0031] Alternatively, the system may further include a seawater supply unit that supplies seawater from outside the ship, and the exhaust gas cooling unit is provided inside the absorption tower, and the absorption tower may be sequentially stacked and formed comprising: a NOx absorption unit that absorbs and removes NOx from the exhaust gas; an SOx absorption unit that cools the exhaust gas from which NOx has been removed by reacting it with seawater supplied from the seawater supply unit, dissolving and removing SOx; and a CO2 removal unit that reacts the cooled exhaust gas from which SOx has been removed with an absorbent liquid from the absorbent liquid circulation supply unit to convert it into a carbonate aqueous solution, which is then collected and used to remove CO2.

[0032] Furthermore, the NOx absorption section may include an SCR (Science Critical Regeneration Unit).

[0033] Here, the NOx absorption unit may further include a urea water storage tank for storing urea water and a urea water supply pump for pumping urea water from the urea water storage tank and supplying it to an injection nozzle drawn into the lower stage of the SCR.

[0034] Furthermore, the SOx absorption unit may include a passage through which exhaust gas passes, and a multi-stage seawater injection nozzle that, by opening and closing a seawater control valve, injects seawater supplied from the seawater supply unit downward to dissolve SOx, remove dust, and cool the exhaust gas.

[0035] Here, the SOx absorption unit includes a first temperature sensor and a second temperature sensor that measure the temperature before and after the exhaust gas passing through the seawater injection nozzle, respectively, and the amount of seawater injected by the seawater injection nozzle can be adjusted according to the amount of exhaust gas or the measured temperature.

[0036] Furthermore, the flow path may have alternatingly arranged holes through which exhaust gas passes, numerous laminated plates spaced apart vertically, a structure forming a curved flow path, or an absorbent filled with packing material, and partitions or umbrella-shaped barriers to prevent backflow of cleaning water may be formed.

[0037] Furthermore, the CO2 removal unit may include a first injection nozzle for injecting absorbent liquid supplied from the absorbent liquid regeneration unit, a first packing material formed below the first injection nozzle for causing a primary reaction between exhaust gas and absorbent liquid, a second injection nozzle for injecting circulating absorbent liquid provided from the absorbent liquid circulation supply unit, and a second packing material formed below the second injection nozzle for causing a secondary reaction between exhaust gas and absorbent liquid.

[0038] Here, the CO2 removal unit may further include a bent multi-plate mist removal plate formed above the second injection nozzle to block the discharge of the absorbent liquid, and a partition wall or umbrella-shaped blocking plate to prevent backflow of the absorbent liquid.

[0039] Furthermore, the CO2 removal unit may include a cooling jacket for cooling the heat generated in the first and second fillers.

[0040] Furthermore, the CO2 removal unit can adjust the amount of absorbent solution sprayed by monitoring the pH corresponding to the degree of reaction in the first and second packing materials.

[0041] Furthermore, the absorption liquid regeneration unit may include a regeneration reaction material storage tank for storing the regeneration reaction material, a transfer pump for pumping and transferring the carbonate aqueous solution, and a mixing tank for mixing and reacting the regeneration reaction material and the carbonate aqueous solution to regenerate the absorption liquid, generate solid-phase carbonate, and return the regenerated absorption liquid to the absorption tower.

[0042] Here, the regenerated reaction product may contain a divalent metal oxide or a divalent metal hydroxide.

[0043] Furthermore, the system may include a water treatment device comprising a wash water tank for storing wash water discharged from the absorption tower, a filtering unit for adjusting the turbidity of wash water transferred from the wash water tank to meet the conditions for overboard discharge, a neutralizing agent injection unit for pH adjustment, and a wash water treatment device comprising a sludge storage tank for separating and storing solid waste.

[0044] The system further includes a seawater supply unit that supplies seawater from outside the vessel, and when the treated washing water is discharged overboard, it can be dissolved or diluted with seawater supplied from the seawater supply unit before being discharged.

[0045] Furthermore, the washing water processing unit may further include a freshwater cooler that cools the seawater supplied from the seawater supply unit into cooling freshwater.

[0046] Furthermore, it may further include an EGE formed between the NOx absorption section and the SOx absorption section, which facilitates heat exchange between the waste heat of the ship's engine and the boiler water.

[0047] This may further include an auxiliary boiler that receives a mixture of heat-exchanged steam and saturated water, separates the steam, and supplies it to a steam consumption destination; a boiler water circulation pump that circulates boiler water from the auxiliary boiler to the EGE; a cascade tank that recovers condensed water from the steam consumption destination; and a steam generation unit that includes a supply pump and a control valve that adjusts and supplies boiler water from the cascade tank to the auxiliary boiler.

[0048] Furthermore, the exhaust gas cooling unit branches off and cools at least a portion of the exhaust gas discharged from the ship's engine, and the CO2 removal unit reacts the cooled exhaust gas with the absorbent liquid to convert CO2 into the carbonate aqueous solution and collect the CO2.

[0049] Here, a blowing means can be provided to supply at least a portion of the branched exhaust gas to the exhaust gas cooling unit.

[0050] In this case, the blowing means may be a blower.

[0051] Furthermore, of the exhaust gas discharged from the ship's engine, the remaining exhaust gas that is not branched to the exhaust gas cooling unit is discharged through the main exhaust pipe, and at least a portion of the exhaust gas that is branched to the exhaust gas cooling unit can be discharged after CO2 has been collected, either by joining the main exhaust pipe or by being discharged through a separate discharge pipe.

[0052] Furthermore, the sediment storage tank may have an openable / closable structure to allow loading and unloading of the sediment contained inside, or it may have a structure that allows it to be separated from the ship's deck for loading and unloading.

[0053] Furthermore, the air heater can heat the air using the waste heat from the exhaust gas discharged from the ship's engine.

[0054] On the other hand, another embodiment of the present invention provides a ship or offshore structure equipped with the aforementioned greenhouse gas emission reduction device for ships. [Effects of the Invention]

[0055] According to the present invention, CO2 can be captured from exhaust gas, mineralized, crushed, and then atomized for storage on board a ship, facilitating cargo handling. Since greenhouse gases are mineralized and stored and not discharged into the ocean, environmental pollution can be reduced. NOx, SOx, and CO2 can be removed simultaneously, and stored in a solid state with few impurities such as Na2CO3, NaHCO3, (NH4)2CO3, and NH4HCO3. After removing SOx, CO2 can be removed to suppress side reactions caused by SOx remaining in the exhaust gas, thereby improving the solubility of CO2 and the efficiency of CO2 removal. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0056] [Figure 1] This diagram shows the configuration of a greenhouse gas emission reduction device for a ship according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 2] This figure shows a system circuit diagram illustrating the greenhouse gas emission reduction device for the ship shown in Figure 1. [Figure 3] This diagram shows the seawater supply section and absorption tower separated from Figure 2. [Figure 4] Figure 2 shows the absorbent liquid circulation supply unit and absorbent liquid regeneration unit separated. [Figure 5] This diagram shows the ship's internal storage section separated from Figure 2. [Figure 6] This diagram shows the washing water treatment section of Figure 2 in a separate view. [Figure 7] This diagram shows the steam generation section separated from Figure 2. [Figure 8] Figure 3 illustrates the CO2 removal section. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0057] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention having the features described above will be described in more detail with reference to the attached drawings.

[0058] An embodiment of the present invention provides a ship greenhouse gas emission reduction device that includes a seawater supply unit 110 for supplying seawater, an absorbent liquid circulation supply unit 120 for providing and circulating an absorbent liquid for absorbing CO2, an absorption tower 130 including a CO2 removal unit 131 that cools exhaust gas discharged from a ship engine 10 by reacting it with seawater, and collects CO2 by reacting the cooled exhaust gas with the absorbent liquid to convert CO2 into a carbonate aqueous solution, an absorbent liquid regeneration unit 140 for regenerating the absorbent liquid and generating a precipitate by reacting the carbonate aqueous solution with a divalent metal oxide or divalent metal hydroxide, and an onboard storage unit 150 for separating the precipitate, drying it, atomizing it, and storing it on board the ship. The aim is to mineralize and atomize CO2 and store it on board the ship without polluting the marine environment.

[0059] Here, depending on the type and specifications of the marine engine used as the main engine or power generation engine (low-pressure engine or high-pressure engine) and the type of fuel supplied to the marine engine (HFO, MDO, LNG, MGO, LSMGO, ammonia, etc.), the absorption tower may be configured to selectively include a NOx absorption section or a SOx absorption section, or to include both, in addition to the CO2 removal section.

[0060] In particular, when using LNG as fuel for a ship's engine, no SOx is generated, so there is no need to install a separate SOx absorption unit. However, when using low-sulfur fuel oil (LSMGO), a small amount of SOx may be generated, so it is possible to further equip the engine with an SOx absorption unit that can simultaneously cool the exhaust gas and absorb SOx by dissolving it.

[0061] The following describes an embodiment in which an absorption tower is sequentially layered with a NOx absorption section, an SOx absorption section for exhaust gas cooling, and a CO2 removal section, but is not limited to this embodiment.

[0062] In particular, the exhaust gas cooling unit cools the exhaust gas discharged from the ship's engine, lowering the temperature of the exhaust gas and facilitating the absorption of CO2 by the absorbent liquid. However, a SOx absorption unit using seawater can perform this role instead, or the exhaust gas can be cooled using a fresh water heat exchange method. Specifically, fresh water supplied from the ship's cooling system (not shown) is circulated through a heat exchange pipe (not shown) surrounding the exhaust gas discharge pipe through which the exhaust gas flows, and the exhaust gas can be cooled to a temperature of 27°C to 33°C by heat exchange with the fresh water.

[0063] In this case, a water-cooling system that directly cools the exhaust gas with fresh water may have a reduced greenhouse gas absorption capacity because the temperature of the absorbent solution decreases when fresh water is added. Therefore, it is preferable to cool the exhaust gas using a heat exchange system to prevent the concentration of the absorbent solution from decreasing and to maintain a constant greenhouse gas absorption capacity.

[0064] The greenhouse gas emission reduction device for the ship with the above configuration will be specifically described below, with reference to Figures 1 to 8.

[0065] First, the seawater supply unit 110 is configured to supply seawater to the absorption tower 130 and the washing water processing unit 160. Specifically, as shown in Figures 2 and 3, it includes a seawater pump 112 that receives seawater by drawing it in from outside the ship through a sea chest 111 and pumping it to the SOx absorption unit 132, and a seawater control valve 113 that adjusts the amount of seawater injected from the seawater pump 112 to the SOx absorption unit 132 according to the amount of exhaust gas. Preferably, the seawater pump 112 is a quenching seawater pump.

[0066] Furthermore, depending on whether the vessel is docked or at sea, seawater can be selectively supplied to the seawater pump 112 from either a high-sea chest that draws in seawater from the upper part of the water or a low-sea chest that draws in seawater from the lower part of the water, depending on the water depth. That is, when the vessel is docked, the seawater from the upper part of the water is cleaner than the seawater from the lower part of the water, so the high-sea chest can be used, and when the vessel is at sea, the seawater from the lower part of the water is cleaner than the seawater from the upper part of the water, so the low-sea chest can be used.

[0067] Here, the seawater control valve 113 is a manually operated diaphragm valve or solenoid valve that adjusts the flow rate of seawater, and can adjust the amount of seawater injected through the seawater injection nozzle according to the amount of exhaust gas.

[0068] Next, the absorbent liquid circulation supply unit 120 is configured to provide an absorbent liquid that absorbs CO2 contained in the exhaust gas and circulate it to the absorption tower 130. Specifically, as shown in Figures 2 and 4, it may include an absorbent liquid storage tank 121 for storing the absorbent liquid, an absorbent liquid pump 122 for pumping the absorbent liquid from the absorbent liquid storage tank 121 and transferring it to the absorbent liquid circulation tank 123, an absorbent liquid circulation tank 123 for mixing and storing the carbonate aqueous solution discharged from the absorption tower 130 after cleaning the exhaust gas with the absorbent liquid supplied by the absorbent liquid pump 122, and an absorbent liquid circulation pump 124 for providing and circulating the absorbent liquid from the absorbent liquid circulation tank 123 to the upper stage of the CO2 removal unit 131.

[0069] In this case, the absorbent solution is a monovalent alkaline aqueous solution containing an aqueous solution of LiOH (lithium hydroxide), an aqueous solution of NaOH (sodium hydroxide), an aqueous solution of KOH (potassium hydroxide), or an aqueous solution of NH4OH (ammonia), and is preferably an aqueous solution of NaOH and / or an aqueous solution of NH4OH.

[0070] In this first step, where exhaust gas is reacted with an absorbent solution, which is a monovalent alkaline aqueous solution, to convert it into a carbonate aqueous solution, the CO2 in the exhaust gas reacts with water to produce H2CO3 (carbonic acid) according to Equation 1 below. At this time, the water that reacts with CO2 may be water that is present in the monovalent alkaline aqueous solution, which is the absorbent solution.

[0071] [ka]

[0072] After the first stage, if the absorbent monovalent alkaline aqueous solution is an NaOH aqueous solution, then the following equation 2 will produce a carbonate, either NaHCO3 (sodium bicarbonate) or Na2CO3 (sodium carbonate), and water, thus converting it into a carbonate aqueous solution.

[0073] [ka]

[0074] Alternatively, after the first step, if the absorbent monovalent alkaline aqueous solution is an NH4OH aqueous solution, then the following equation 3 will produce the carbonate NH4HCO3 (ammonium bicarbonate) or (NH4)2CO3 (ammonium carbonate) and water, converting it into a carbonate aqueous solution.

[0075] [ka]

[0076] Furthermore, the absorbent fluid pump 122 can supply a certain amount of absorbent fluid to the absorbent fluid circulation tank 123 to compensate for any shortage of absorbent fluid that may occur during the onboard storage of solid-phase CaCO3 carbonate in the onboard storage unit 150.

[0077] On the other hand, the NaOH absorption solution can be produced by electrolyzing seawater and freshwater, respectively, and stored in the absorption solution storage tank 121. By producing electricity through the reduction and oxidation of Na and supplying a certain ratio of electricity applied for electrolysis, it is also possible to reduce some of the electricity required for the production of NaOH(aq).

[0078] Furthermore, in the absorption tower 130, the absorbent liquid comes into contact with the exhaust gas and the CO2 is ionized into ions, and the ionized absorbent liquid flows into the absorbent liquid circulation tank 123, but in the absorbent liquid discharged from the lower part of the CO2 removal unit 131, CO3 2- If all of the CO2 absorption by HCO3 occurs, - The ion concentration is high, CO3 2- The concentration of HCO3 becomes relatively low, and the absorption solution is at a relatively high temperature, so the amount of precipitate is small, and most of it exists in ionic form, with CO2 dissolving as HCO3 is formed. - As the ion concentration increases, it can be continuously used for CO2 absorption until a certain concentration is reached.

[0079] Next, the absorption tower 130 includes a CO2 removal unit 131 that cools the exhaust gas discharged from the ship engine 10 by reacting it with seawater, and then reacts the cooled exhaust gas with an absorbent liquid to convert the CO2 into a carbonate aqueous solution and collect the CO2.

[0080] For example, the absorption tower 130 further includes an SOx absorption unit 132 that cools the exhaust gas by reacting it with seawater supplied from the seawater supply unit 110, dissolving and removing SOx. The CO2 removal unit 131 cools the exhaust gas from which SOx has been removed by reacting it with seawater supplied from the seawater supply unit 110, and then reacts the cooled exhaust gas with the absorbent liquid from the absorbent liquid circulation supply unit 120 to convert it into a carbonate aqueous solution, thereby capturing CO2.

[0081] Alternatively, the absorption tower 130 further includes a NOx absorption section 133 that absorbs and removes NOx from the exhaust gas, and the CO2 removal section 131 cools the exhaust gas from which NOx has been removed by reacting it with seawater supplied from the seawater supply section 110, and then reacts the cooled exhaust gas with the absorbent liquid from the absorbent liquid circulation supply section 120 to convert it into a carbonate aqueous solution and capture CO2.

[0082] Alternatively, the absorption tower 130 can be sequentially stacked and formed with the following components: a NOx absorption section 133 that absorbs and removes NOx from exhaust gas; a SOx absorption section 132 that reacts the exhaust gas from which NOx has been removed with seawater supplied from the seawater supply section 110 to cool and dissolve and remove SOx; and a CO2 removal section 131 that reacts the exhaust gas from which SOx has been removed with an absorbent liquid from the absorbent liquid circulation supply section 120 to convert it into a carbonate aqueous solution, which is then collected and used to remove CO2.

[0083] Specifically, referring to Figure 3, the CO2 removal unit 131 may include a first injection nozzle 131a that injects absorbent liquid supplied from the absorbent liquid regeneration unit 140, a first packing material 131b formed below the first injection nozzle 131a to cause a primary reaction between the exhaust gas and the absorbent liquid, a second injection nozzle 131c that injects circulating absorbent liquid provided from the absorbent liquid circulation supply unit 120, and a second packing material 131d formed below the second injection nozzle 131c to cause a secondary reaction between the exhaust gas and the absorbent liquid.

[0084] Here, the second injection nozzle 131c can be configured to branch off to the upper sections of the first packing material 131b and the second packing material 131d, respectively, and simultaneously inject the absorbent liquid downwards.

[0085] Furthermore, as shown in Figure 8, the CO2 removal section 131 may further include a bent multi-plate mist removal plate 131e formed above the second injection nozzle 131c to form droplets to block the loss of absorbent liquid due to external discharge, and a partition wall 131f or umbrella-shaped barrier plate 131g to prevent backflow of absorbent liquid into the exhaust gas piping.

[0086] Furthermore, the CO2 removal unit 131 can be configured to maintain the exhaust gas temperature at 80°C to 100°C by including a cooling jacket (not shown) to cool the heat generated in the first packing material 131b and the second packing material 131d, or by further lowering the temperature of the absorbent liquid supplied from the first injection nozzle 131a and the second injection nozzle 131c by 10°C to 20°C, thereby increasing the absorption rate during the heat-generating process in which CO2 is absorbed into the absorbent liquid while minimizing losses due to the vaporization of H2O.

[0087] Furthermore, the first packing material 131b and the second packing material 131d can be formed in a multi-stage configuration of distilling column packing designed to increase the contact area per unit volume. The appropriate distilling column packing can be selected considering the contact area per unit area, the gas pressure drop, and the flooding velocity. A solution redistributor can be formed between the multi-stage distilling column packing to prevent the channeling phenomenon of the solution.

[0088] Furthermore, the CO2 removal unit 131 continuously monitors the pH corresponding to the degree of reaction in the first packing material 131b and the second packing material 131d via the pH sensor P, and can adjust the amount of absorbent liquid sprayed through the first spray nozzle 131a and the second spray nozzle 131c according to the degree of reaction.

[0089] Specifically, referring to Figure 3, the SOx absorption unit 132 may include a flow path 132a through which exhaust gas passes, and a multi-stage seawater injection nozzle 132b that, by opening and closing the seawater control valve 113, injects seawater supplied from the seawater supply unit 110 downwards to dissolve SOx, remove dust such as soot, and cool the exhaust gas.

[0090] Furthermore, the SOx absorption unit 132 includes a first temperature sensor T1 and a second temperature sensor T2 that measure the temperature before and after the exhaust gas passing through the seawater injection nozzle 132b, respectively, and the amount of seawater injected by the seawater injection nozzle 132b can be adjusted according to the amount of exhaust gas or the temperature measured by the first temperature sensor T1 and the second temperature sensor T2, respectively.

[0091] Furthermore, the flow path 132a may have multiple laminated plates arranged vertically and spaced apart to lengthen the flow path of the exhaust gas and increase the connection time and contact area, a structure that forms a curved flow path, or an absorbent filled with packing material (not shown) which increases the contact area between seawater and exhaust gas to facilitate cooling and absorption. A partition wall 132c or an umbrella-shaped barrier plate 132d may also be formed to prevent backflow of wash water, which is a reaction product of the exhaust gas and absorbent liquid.

[0092] This allows for the removal of SOx first through the SOx absorption section 132, followed by the removal of CO2 through the CO2 removal section 131. This solves the problem that SOx has high solubility and is converted first into compounds such as Na2SO4, making it difficult to remove CO2 until all SOx has dissolved. As a result, the efficiency of CO2 removal can be improved.

[0093] Furthermore, the washing water drained from the lower end of the SOx absorption section 132 contains SO3 - SO4 2- The mixture may contain ions other than NaSO3, Na2SO4, MgCO3, MgSO4, and other ionic compounds.

[0094] On the other hand, the NOx absorption unit 133 includes an SCR (Selective Catalyst Reduction) 133c to remove NOx and a urea water storage tank 133a for storing urea water, and a urea water supply pump 133b for pumping urea water from the urea water storage tank 133a and supplying it to an injection nozzle drawn into the lower stage of the SCR 133c.

[0095] Furthermore, it may include an EGE 134 formed between the NOx absorption section 133 and the SOx absorption section 132, which exchanges heat between the waste heat of the ship engine 10 and the boiler water from the steam generation section 170.

[0096] Furthermore, as shown in Figure 3, the absorption tower 130 can divert (branch) at least a portion of the exhaust gas discharged from the ship's engine 10, cool it by reacting it with seawater, and then react the cooled exhaust gas with an absorbent liquid to convert CO2 into a carbonate aqueous solution, thereby capturing the CO2.

[0097] In other words, by providing a blowing means 135 that branches off at least a portion of the exhaust gas and supplies it to the SOx absorption section 132, the back pressure generated by the piping system of the absorption tower 130 can be minimized, the diameter of the absorption tower 130 can be minimized, and its height can be increased to overcome constraints on installation space.

[0098] Here, the air supply means 135 can be composed of a blower 135a and an air supply control valve 135b. The blower 135a is preferably designed to blow or pressurize exhaust gas at 40°C to 50°C when a SOx absorption unit 132 is installed, and to blow or pressurize exhaust gas at around 300°C when a SOx absorption unit 132 is not installed.

[0099] In this configuration, the remaining exhaust gas from the ship's engine that is not branched to the absorption tower 130 is discharged through the main exhaust pipe, while at least a portion of the exhaust gas that is branched to the absorption tower 130 can be discharged after CO2 has been collected by joining the main exhaust pipe, or it can be discharged through a separate discharge pipe.

[0100] Next, the absorbent solution regeneration unit 140 regenerates the absorbent solution by reacting an aqueous carbonate solution with a divalent metal oxide or divalent metal hydroxide, thereby generating a precipitate.

[0101] Specifically, referring to Figure 4, the absorbent liquid regeneration unit 140 may include a regeneration reaction product storage tank 141 for storing regeneration reaction products of divalent metal oxide (CaO) or divalent metal hydroxide (Ca(OH)2), a transfer pump 142 for pumping carbonate aqueous solution from the absorbent liquid circulation tank 123 to the mixing tank 143, and a mixing tank 143 for mixing and reacting the regeneration reaction products with the carbonate aqueous solution to regenerate the absorbent liquid, generating solid-phase carbonate (CaCO3(s)), and returning the regenerated absorbent liquid to the absorption tower 130 for reuse.

[0102] First, when NaOH and CO2 react to produce the carbonate NaHCO3 (sodium bicarbonate) or Na2CO3 (sodium carbonate), the carbonate NaHCO3 (sodium bicarbonate) or Na2CO3 (sodium carbonate) reacts with CaO (calcium oxide) according to equation 4 below to produce the carbonate CaCO3 while regenerating NaOH, or reacts with Ca(OH)2 (calcium hydroxide) according to equation 5 below to produce the carbonate CaCO3 while regenerating NaOH.

[0103] [ka]

[0104] [ka]

[0105] Alternatively, when NH4OH reacts with CO2 to produce NH4HCO3 (ammonium bicarbonate) or (NH4)2CO3 (ammonium carbonate), the carbonate NH4HCO3 (ammonium bicarbonate) or (NH4)2CO3 (ammonium carbonate) reacts with CaO (calcium oxide) according to equation 6 below to produce the carbonate CaCO3 while regenerating NH4OH, or reacts with Ca(OH)2 (calcium hydroxide) according to equation 7 below to produce the carbonate CaCO3 while regenerating NH4OH.

[0106] [Chemistry]

[0107] [Chemistry]

[0108] Here, when the concentration of HCO3 - ions in the absorption liquid circulation tank 123 becomes high, the absorption liquid can be transferred to the mixing tank 143 through the transfer pump 142, and the absorption liquid can be transferred at a concentration that can continuously absorb CO2 during the progress of the mineralization process in the subsequent steps.

[0109] In addition, the mixing tank 143 regenerates the absorption liquid by reacting the absorption liquid in which CO2 is ionized with CaO or Ca(OH)2, converts CO2 into the form of CaCO3, and supplies OH - ions from CaO or Ca(OH)2 through the reactions of [Chemical Reaction 4] to [Chemical Reaction 7], and CO3 2- ions can combine with Ca 2+ ions to form insoluble solid-phase CaCO3.

[0110] Next, the in-ship storage section 150 can filter the turbid liquid in which the precipitate and the absorption liquid are mixed to separate the precipitate and the absorption liquid, dry and remove the precipitate through high-temperature dry air, and pulverize and atomize the precipitate dried at high temperature while supplying high-temperature compressed air.

[0111] Specifically, referring to Figure 5, the onboard storage section 150 may include a separator 153 consisting of an outer wall 151 and an internal filter 152, which allows turbidity to flow between the outer wall 151 and the internal filter 152 to accumulate solid-phase sediment between the outer wall 151 and the internal filter 152, and returns the absorbent liquid to the absorbent liquid circulation supply section 120 and / or absorbent liquid regeneration section 140, respectively; an air heater 154 that blows high-temperature dry air into the separator 153 to dry the sediment at high temperature; a pulverizer 155 consisting of an internal rotating cylinder and an external rotating cylinder formed with 190-210 mesh, which passes the high-temperature dried sediment between the internal rotating cylinder and the external rotating cylinder to pulverize it and make it uniformly fine; and a sediment storage tank 156 for storing and containing the pulverized sediment.

[0112] Here, the air heater 154 supplies high-temperature dry air to the pulverizer 155, thereby lowering the moisture content of the pulverized precipitate particles during pulverization and preventing solidification due to moisture.

[0113] Furthermore, the air heater 154 heats and provides air to 90°C to 100°C, preventing the internal filter 152 and components related to the crusher 155 from deforming or being damaged by high temperatures. It can also heat the air using steam generated by the waste heat of the marine engine 10, and remove moisture from the heated air to provide high-temperature dry air.

[0114] Furthermore, once the separation and high-temperature drying of the precipitate in the separator 153 are complete, the separator 153 can remove the precipitate adhering to the outer surface of the internal filter 152 and discharge it to the grinder 155.

[0115] For example, the sediment can be physically removed from the outer surface of the internal filter 152 by flowing dry compressed air through the separator 153, or by physically removing the sediment from the outer surface of the internal filter 152 through the contraction and expansion structure of the internal filter 152.

[0116] Here, the on / off valve 157 formed in the piping between the separator 153 and the crusher 155 can be operated to open during removal and close when removal is complete.

[0117] Furthermore, the system includes a filter or a cyclone dust collector 158 for collecting dust generated during pulverization by the crusher 155, and the collected powder can be supplied to the sediment storage tank 156, with only air being released to the outside.

[0118] Furthermore, the turbid liquid collected on the outside of the outer wall 151 of the separator 153 can be returned to the mixing tank 143 of the absorbent liquid regeneration unit 140 by a separate pump or a structure combining a separation pump, a valve 159, and piping.

[0119] Furthermore, the sediment storage tank 156 has an openable and closable structure to allow loading and unloading of the sediment that has been heated, dried, and crushed into granular material and is contained inside, or it has a structure that allows the entire tank to be separated from the ship's deck for loading and unloading, thereby allowing the collected sediment to be removed.

[0120] Next, as shown in Figure 6, the washing water treatment unit 160 includes a washing water tank 161 for storing washing water discharged from the absorption tower 130, a water treatment device 162 equipped with a filtering unit that adjusts the turbidity of the washing water transferred from the washing water tank 161 to meet the conditions for overboard discharge, and a neutralizing agent injection unit for pH adjustment, and a sludge storage tank 163 for separating and storing solid waste.

[0121] Furthermore, when discharging the treated cleaning water from the water treatment device 162 overboard, it can be dissolved (diluted) with seawater supplied from the seawater supply unit 110 before discharge. In this case, the system further includes a freshwater cooler 164 that cools the seawater supplied from the seawater supply unit 110 into cooling freshwater, and the cooled seawater from the freshwater cooler 164 can be supplied to the treated cleaning water from the water treatment device 162 to dissolve (dilute) it before discharge.

[0122] Next, as shown in Figure 3, the steam generation unit 170 may further include an EGE 134 formed between the NOx absorption unit 133 and the SOx absorption unit 132, which exchanges heat between the waste heat of the ship's engine and the boiler water. Specifically, as shown in Figure 7, the steam generation unit 170 consists of an auxiliary boiler 171 that receives a mixture of steam and saturated water that has passed through the EGE 134 and separated the steam by a steam drum (not shown) and supplied it to steam consumption points on board the ship; a boiler water circulation pump 172 that circulates boiler water from the auxiliary boiler 171 to the EGE 134; a cascade tank 173 that recovers condensed water that has condensed and changed phase after being consumed from steam consumption points; and a supply pump 174 and control valve 175 that adjust and supply the amount of boiler water from the cascade tank 173 to the auxiliary boiler 171, thereby generating and supplying the steam necessary for heating devices on board the ship.

[0123] Here, if the load on the ship's engine 10 is high, the amount of heat that can be supplied from the exhaust gas is high, and the required amount of steam on board can be sufficiently produced through the EGE 134. Otherwise, the auxiliary boiler 171 itself can burn fuel to produce the necessary steam.

[0124] On the other hand, another embodiment of the present invention provides a ship or offshore structure equipped with the aforementioned greenhouse gas emission reduction device for ships.

[0125] Therefore, with the configuration of the embodiment of the present invention, CO2 can be captured from exhaust gas, mineralized, crushed, and then atomized for storage on board the ship to facilitate cargo handling. Since greenhouse gases are mineralized and stored and not discharged into the ocean, environmental pollution can be reduced. NOx, SOx, and CO2 can be removed simultaneously, and the material can be stored in a solid state with few impurities such as Na2CO3, NaHCO3, (NH4)2CO3, and NH4HCO3. By removing CO2 after removing SOx, side reactions caused by SOx remaining in the exhaust gas can be suppressed, improving the solubility of CO2 and the efficiency of CO2 removal.

[0126] The embodiments and configurations shown in the drawings described herein represent only one of the most preferred embodiments of the present invention and do not represent the entire technical concept of the invention. It should be understood that there are various equivalents and modifications that can be substituted for these embodiments at the time of filing.

Claims

1. CO ２ An absorbent liquid circulation supply unit provides and circulates an absorbent liquid containing a monovalent alkaline aqueous solution that absorbs, An exhaust gas cooling unit that cools the exhaust gas discharged from a ship's engine using seawater, fresh water, or heat exchange, The cooled exhaust gas and the absorbent liquid react to form CO ２ Replace it with a carbonate solution and CO ２ CO2 is collected ２ An absorption tower including a removal section, The absorption solution regeneration unit regenerates the absorption solution by reacting the carbonate aqueous solution with a regeneration reaction product containing a divalent metal oxide or a divalent metal hydroxide, and generates a precipitate. An onboard storage unit for separating and storing the aforementioned sediment inside the ship, Includes, The aforementioned onboard storage unit filters the turbid liquid, which is a mixture of the sediment and the absorbent liquid, to separate the sediment, dries and removes the sediment by passing it through high-temperature dry air, and crushes the sediment while supplying high-temperature compressed air. A separator comprising an outer wall and an internal filter, wherein the turbid liquid is allowed to flow between the outer wall and the internal filter, the solid phase precipitate is accumulated between the outer wall and the internal filter, and the absorbent liquid is returned to the absorbent liquid circulation supply unit or the absorbent liquid regeneration unit, An air heater that blows high-temperature dry air into the separator and dries the precipitate at high temperature, A grinder comprising an inner rotating cylinder and an outer rotating cylinder, each having a mesh of a predetermined size, which passes the high-temperature dried precipitate between the inner rotating cylinder and the outer rotating cylinder to uniformly grind it, A sediment storage tank for storing and containing the aforementioned crushed sediment, A device for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from ships, characterized by including [a certain element].

2. The aforementioned air heater is The greenhouse gas emission reduction device for a ship according to claim 1, characterized in that high-temperature dry air is supplied to the pulverizer.

3. The aforementioned air heater is The greenhouse gas emission reduction device for ships according to claim 2, characterized in that it heats and provides air to 90°C to 100°C.

4. The greenhouse gas emission reduction device for a ship according to claim 1, characterized in that, once the separation and high-temperature drying of the sediment in the separator is completed, the separator removes the sediment adhering to the outer surface of the internal filter by flowing compressed air through the separator or by the contraction and expansion structure of the internal filter and discharges it to the pulverizer.

5. The greenhouse gas emission reduction device for a ship according to claim 1, comprising a filter for collecting dust generated during grinding by the pulverizer, or a cyclone dust collector for collecting the dust, and supplying the collected powder or the collected dust to the sediment storage tank.

6. The aforementioned precipitate contains carbonate, The absorbent solution is a monovalent alkaline aqueous solution, and includes LiOH aqueous solution, NaOH aqueous solution, KOH aqueous solution and NH ４ The greenhouse gas emission reduction device for a ship according to claim 1, characterized by containing any one of the OH aqueous solutions.

7. It further includes a seawater supply unit that supplies seawater from outside the vessel, The aforementioned seawater supply unit is A seawater pump that receives the seawater from outside the ship through the sea chest and pumps it to the absorption tower, A seawater control valve adjusts the amount of seawater injected from the seawater pump to the absorption tower according to the amount of exhaust gas, A greenhouse gas emission reduction device for a ship according to claim 1, characterized by including the following.

8. The exhaust gas cooling unit is The greenhouse gas emission reduction device for a ship according to claim 7, characterized in that it cools the exhaust gas discharged from the ship's engine by reacting it with the seawater supplied from the seawater supply unit.

9. The exhaust gas cooling unit is The greenhouse gas emission reduction device for a ship according to claim 1, characterized in that it cools the exhaust gas discharged from the ship's engine by reacting it with fresh water.

10. The exhaust gas cooling unit is A greenhouse gas emission reduction device for a ship according to claim 1, characterized in that it cools the exhaust gas by circulating fresh water provided from the ship's cooling system through heat exchange piping surrounding the exhaust gas discharge pipe.

11. The greenhouse gas emission reduction device for a ship according to claim 1, characterized in that the exhaust gas cooling unit is provided inside the absorption tower.

12. The absorbent liquid circulation supply unit is, An absorbent liquid storage tank for storing the absorbent liquid, An absorbent liquid pump for pumping and transferring the absorbent liquid from the absorbent liquid storage tank, An absorbent liquid circulation tank that mixes and stores the carbonate aqueous solution discharged from the absorption tower and the absorbent liquid supplied from the absorbent liquid pump, The absorbent liquid is supplied from the absorbent liquid circulation tank to the CO ２ An absorption liquid circulation pump is provided to the upper part of the removal section for circulation, A greenhouse gas emission reduction device for a ship according to claim 1, characterized by including the following.

13. The aforementioned absorbent liquid pump is The greenhouse gas emission reduction device for a ship according to claim 12, characterized in that the absorbent liquid is supplied to the absorbent liquid circulation tank to make up for any shortage of absorbent liquid discharged to the onboard storage section.

14. The absorbent liquid is The greenhouse gas emission reduction device for a ship according to claim 12, characterized in that it is a monovalent alkaline aqueous solution produced by electrolyzing seawater and freshwater, respectively, and is stored in the absorbent storage tank.

15. It further includes a seawater supply unit that supplies seawater from outside the ship, and the exhaust gas cooling unit is provided inside the absorption tower. The aforementioned absorption tower is The exhaust gas cooling unit further includes an SOx absorption unit that cools the exhaust gas by reacting it with seawater supplied from the seawater supply unit, while dissolving and removing SOx. The aforementioned CO ２ The removed part is, The cooled exhaust gas from which SOx has been removed reacts with the absorbent liquid from the absorbent liquid circulation supply unit to convert it into a carbonate aqueous solution and CO ２ A greenhouse gas emission reduction device for a ship according to claim 1, characterized by collecting [unclear].

16. It further includes a seawater supply unit that supplies seawater from outside the vessel, The aforementioned absorption tower is It further includes a NOx absorption section that absorbs and removes NOx from exhaust gases. The exhaust gas cooling unit is located inside the absorption tower and cools the exhaust gas from which NOx has been removed by reacting it with seawater supplied from the seawater supply unit. The CO ２ removal unit is The cooled exhaust gas reacts with the absorbent liquid from the absorbent liquid circulation supply unit to convert it into a carbonate aqueous solution, which is then converted to CO2. ２ A greenhouse gas emission reduction device for a ship according to claim 1, characterized by collecting [unclear].

17. It further includes a seawater supply unit that supplies seawater from outside the vessel, The exhaust gas cooling unit is provided inside the absorption tower. The aforementioned absorption tower is NOx absorption unit that absorbs and removes NOx from exhaust gas, The exhaust gas cooling unit includes an SOx absorption unit that cools the exhaust gas from which NOx has been removed by reacting it with seawater supplied from the seawater supply unit, while dissolving and removing SOx, The cooled exhaust gas from which SOx has been removed reacts with the absorbent liquid from the absorbent liquid circulation supply unit to convert it into a carbonate aqueous solution, which is then collected as CO2. ２ The CO2 that removes ２ The greenhouse gas emission reduction device for a ship according to claim 1, characterized in that the removal sections are sequentially stacked.

18. The greenhouse gas emission reduction device for a ship according to claim 16 or 17, characterized in that the NOx absorption section includes an SCR.

19. The absorbent liquid regeneration unit is, A regenerated reaction material storage tank for storing the aforementioned regenerated reaction material, A transfer pump for pumping and transferring the carbonate aqueous solution, A mixing tank that mixes the regenerated reaction product and the carbonate aqueous solution to regenerate the absorption solution, generates a solid-phase carbonate, and returns the regenerated absorption solution to the absorption tower, A greenhouse gas emission reduction device for a ship according to claim 1, characterized by including the following.

20. A washing water tank for storing washing water discharged from the aforementioned absorption tower, A filtering unit that adjusts the turbidity of the wash water transferred from the wash water tank to meet the conditions for discharge overboard the ship, A water treatment device equipped with a neutralizing agent injection unit for pH adjustment, A washing water treatment section includes a sludge storage tank for separating and storing solid waste, A greenhouse gas emission reduction device for a ship according to claim 1, further comprising the following:

21. The greenhouse gas emission reduction device for a ship according to claim 20, further comprising a seawater supply unit that supplies seawater from outside the ship, characterized in that when the washing water treated by the water treatment device is discharged overboard, it is dissolved or diluted with seawater supplied from the seawater supply unit before being discharged.

22. The aforementioned washing water treatment unit is The greenhouse gas emission reduction device for a ship according to claim 21, further comprising a freshwater cooler for cooling seawater supplied from the seawater supply unit into cooling freshwater.

23. The exhaust gas cooling unit is At least a portion of the exhaust gas discharged from the aforementioned ship engine is diverted and cooled. The aforementioned CO ２ The removed part is, The cooled exhaust gas and the absorbent liquid react to form CO ２ Replace it with a carbonate solution and CO ２ A greenhouse gas emission reduction device for a ship according to claim 1, characterized by collecting [unclear].

24. The greenhouse gas emission reduction device for a ship according to claim 23, further comprising a blowing means for supplying at least a portion of the branched exhaust gas to the exhaust gas cooling unit.

25. The greenhouse gas emission reduction device for a ship according to claim 24, characterized in that the blowing means is a blower.

26. Of the exhaust gas discharged from the aforementioned ship engine, the residual exhaust gas that is not branched off to the exhaust gas cooling section is discharged through the main exhaust pipe. At least a portion of the exhaust gas that is branched to the exhaust gas cooling section is CO ２ After being collected, it is either discharged by joining the main exhaust pipe or discharged through a separate exhaust pipe. A greenhouse gas emission reduction device for a ship according to claim 23, characterized by the above.

27. The aforementioned sediment storage tank is The greenhouse gas emission reduction device for a ship according to claim 1, characterized in that it has an open / closed type structure in which the outlet opens and closes, so that only the sediment contained inside is loaded and unloaded, or a structure in which the entire tank is separated from the ship's deck so that it is loaded and unloaded.

28. A ship or offshore structure equipped with a greenhouse gas emission reduction device for ships according to any one of claims 1 to 17.

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