A method for simultaneously controlling weeds and planting target plants using plant materials.

Abstract

This method for simultaneously controlling weeds and planting target plants using plant material comprises the following steps: covering a carrier with a 0.1-12 cm thick layer of plant material to form a plant material layer; controlling the moisture content of the plant material during the covering period, immediately prior to planting the crop, and after planting; planting the target plants on the surface of the plant material layer and / or within the plant material layer; ensuring that seedlings or seeds of target plants such as rice survive on straw such as rapeseed, with their root systems penetrating the straw layer into a carrier such as soil and growing healthily; achieving weed control and a high target plant survival rate. This represents a major innovation in cultivation methods for agricultural crops and other crops compared to conventional methods of planting target plants in soil.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for planting crops, and more specifically, to a method for simultaneously achieving weed control and planting of target plants using plant materials. [Background technology]

[0002] Common planting methods for agricultural crops involve either tilling the soil before planting or planting without tilling. Weeds grow alongside cultivated plants, competing with them for light, water, and nutrients, and are one of the major pests that affect the growth of cultivated plants. There are over 1,400 species of weeds, and over 200 species of rice paddy weeds alone, among which barnyard grass (Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv.), sedge (Cyperus difformis), Monochoria vaginalis, Ammannia arenaria, Euphorbia lathyris, and Ludwigia prostrata are particularly harmful (Figures 8 and 25A). Over a long evolutionary process, weeds have developed biological characteristics adapted to farmland, including morphological polymorphism, life history polymorphism, diversity in nutritional modes, strong adaptability, stress tolerance, plasticity, mimicry, strong (growth) potential, heterozygosity, diversity in reproductive modes, large seed production, and seed detachment (for example, Ammannia arenaria can produce as many as 800,000 seeds per plant). Therefore, weeds are highly adaptable and competitive. From 2015 to 2017, the average annual area of ​​weeds in China was approximately 1.444 billion mu, and the area under control was approximately 1.575 billion mu. Despite the adoption of various prevention and control measures, weed damage in Chinese farmland continues to increase, with the area of ​​weeds in 2017 increasing by 16.3% compared to 2007. Weeds cause serious food losses; according to statistics from relevant sectors of global food production, weed damage to farmland accounts for approximately one-tenth of global crop production. In recent years, food losses due to weeds in China have exceeded 3 million tons annually, and economic losses due to invasive plants have exceeded US$15 billion. Weeds and invasive plants seriously threaten the security of agricultural production in China.

[0003] Currently, weed control in Chinese farmland relies primarily on herbicides, and the effectiveness of chemical herbicides is steadily declining. For example, herbicides are generally applied 2-3 times, or even 4-5 times, during the rice harvest season. Although the Ministry of Agriculture is implementing a "dual reduction" initiative for chemicals and fertilizers, reducing herbicide use is proving difficult. Herbicide use in 2015 increased by approximately 20% compared to 2010, reaching 107,000 tons (calculated as a percentage of the total content) (Shu Fang, Han Mei. Overview of the Chinese Agricultural Chemicals Market in 2010 and Outlook for 2011 [J]. China Plant Protection Guide, 2011, 32(3):37-39; Shu Fang. Analysis of Agricultural Chemicals Production and Use in China 2015 [J] Agricultural Chemicals Market Information, 2016(21).).). Currently, the main reason weed control is difficult is pesticide resistance. As of May 2018, 254 weed species worldwide had acquired resistance to 163 herbicides (Heap, I. International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Online. Internet. (2018 / 05 / 30) URL: http: / / www.weedscience.org). The problem of weed herbicide resistance is causing widespread concern and anxiety in countries around the world. In China, weed herbicide resistance has developed rapidly over the past decade. To date, 30 weed species have developed resistance to 48 herbicides across 11 categories. Among these, barnyard grass, a stubborn weed in rice paddies, has developed resistance to 14 commonly used herbicides (Zhu J, Wang J, Ditommaso A et al. The Status, Challenges, and Opportunities of Weed Research in China [J]. Crop Protection, 2018. DOI:10.1016 / j.cropro. 2018.02.001). The use of chemical fertilizers is extremely high; in 2016, nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers were used at 23.105 million tons and 8.3 million tons respectively (calculated as net amounts). While the application of large amounts of chemical fertilizers ensures consistently high food yields, their utilization rate is very low. The serious waste of chemical fertilizers not only increases production costs but also exacerbates environmental damage.

[0004] China boasts a diverse array of plants and abundant plant resources, including straw. It is the world's largest producer of straw, with a total harvestable crop yield of 900 million tons. However, the disposal of agricultural straw remains a long-term problem. Current disposal methods primarily involve incineration, which not only leads to a serious waste of straw resources but also severe environmental pollution. The utilization rate of other plant resources also needs to be improved.

[0005] Traditionally, to improve the utilization rate of plant resources, straw was returned to the fields, meaning that the straw in the fields was moved underground and tilled, effectively utilizing the straw resources. However, this method does not have any effect on controlling weeds in the fields.

[0006] To effectively solve the weed problem, the inventors previously filed a Chinese patent CN106342612A, which discloses a method for controlling weeds in rice paddies by covering them with rapeseed straw (application number: CN201610733699.1). However, although covering the rice paddies with sun-dried and cut rapeseed straw or rapeseed pods and mixtures thereof after a certain period of time has been done to control weeds, there are clear limitations (Figures 5 and 6). First, because the rice is planted first and then covered with rapeseed straw, the weakened rice seedlings that were sown directly are easily overwhelmed when the straw is scattered, and the straw layer casts shadows on later-sown or short seedlings, easily inhibiting the emergence and growth of the rice (Figures 5 and 6). In the case of transplanted rice, the root system of the rice has not yet penetrated into the soil in the initial stages of transplanting, so the rice seedlings themselves are unstable and are easily toppled over when the straw is scattered. Secondly, in the initial stages of direct rice sowing, irrigation of the fields is not possible to avoid drowning the rice seedlings. As a result, the straw covering absorbs less water, and the straw layer is relatively loose, lightweight, and not compact. Consequently, its weed suppression and shading effects are limited, and its weed control effect is not ideal; as shown in the test results of Comparative Example 1 in Table 1, the weed control effect of 3mm thick rapeseed straw is only 68%; thirdly, the work is complicated, and turning and sun-drying the straw requires a large area and a lot of labor. It requires physical strength, and in transplanted fields, a small amount of straw must be scattered between the rows before being evenly distributed across the field, resulting in low labor efficiency and high labor costs. Referring to Table 10, actual experiments and calculations show that planting rice directly using existing technology incurs a labor cost of 1619 yuan per 666.7 square meters (of which bundling and transporting the straw, rotating and sun-drying the straw for several days, crushing and bagging it, storing it, and returning it to the field requires approximately 3 units of labor more than the present invention, and at 180 yuan / job, the total cost increases by 540 yuan), making the widespread adoption and application of existing technology difficult.

[0007] Another conventional method is, as shown in FIG. 7, when the harvester harvests the previous crop, cut the straw, cover the ground, and use a seeder to plant the seeds of the subsequent crop in the soil under the straw. This technique has the advantage that the straw returns to the field and can be directly sown without tillage, improving labor productivity. However, since the straw is too long (usually more than 8 cm) and a water layer cannot exist to promote the germination of crop seeds, the gap after covering the straw is large, and weeds are likely to grow from the gap, resulting in a very poor weed control effect.

[0008] As people pay more and more attention to the safety and ecological security of agricultural products, people are exploring environmentally friendly weed control methods in weed control practices, such as biological control, physical control, and other weed control methods. However, these methods have some drawbacks and limitations, and it is difficult to meet the needs of large-scale weed control in production.

[0009] In agricultural production, since the target plants of conventional planting techniques are planted in the soil, the weed control effect of existing technologies is insufficient, the survival rate of planted target plants such as rice is low, and especially the labor cost is high. For these drawbacks, existing technologies cannot simultaneously achieve the three effects of low cost, weed control, and ensuring the survival rate of planted target plants.

[0010] Controlling weeds in the present invention means preventing the harm caused by weeds to the growth of target plants. The quantitative index is that 10 days after the implementation of weed control measures, and from 15 days after the planting of the target plants to before harvest, the weed density is less than 200 plants / m 2 less, the weed control effect is 50% or more and less than 80%, or the control effect of the fresh weight of weeds is 50% or more and less than 80%; ensuring the survival rate of planted target plants means that the survival rate of planted target plants is 10% or more. The calculation method of the survival rate is: plant survival rate = number of surviving plants / total number of planted plants × 100%.

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0011] Content of the Invention To overcome the shortcomings of conventional technology, the present invention provides a method for simultaneously achieving weed control and target planting using plant materials. This method breaks away from conventional methods, making maximum use of plant resources such as agricultural crop straw, planting target plants on the surface or in layers of the plant material, controlling weeds at their most vulnerable stage, and precisely controlling the water content of the plant material layer at specific times (covering period, the period immediately before planting, and after planting). In particular, it exhibits synergistic effects with different planting methods for each target plant, while simultaneously guaranteeing low cost, weed control, and a high survival rate of the planted target plants, thus solving the problems of conventional technology. Specifically, taking rice planting as an example, the present invention can achieve the best results, with a 99.1% reduction in the number of plants 30 days after planting and a 100% survival rate 10 days after planting (see Example 41). Furthermore, another unexpected benefit of the method of the present invention is its ease of operation. After harvesting the previous crop, the straw can be directly crushed and spread on the field, and after irrigation, the target plant for the next crop can be planted after an appropriate amount of time. This significantly saves time, effort, and labor in agriculture. By directly sowing rice using the technology of the present invention, 666.7 m² 2 The labor cost per unit is reduced by 540 yuan compared to conventional technology. This invention has a remarkable effect in increasing output and yield, skillfully solves technical problems in production, provides a nearly perfect solution for planting green organic produce, and represents the future direction of development for green planting technology. [Means for solving the problem]

[0012] In this invention, the definitions of the noun terms that appear are as follows: Target plants: This refers to plants or plant tissues that are intentionally cultivated or grown by humans, such as rice.

[0013] Planting: Intentionally cultivating the target plant by sowing reproductive organs or transplanting seedlings (see Figures 1-8).

[0014] Target plants become able to take root: This refers to a survival rate of 10% or more but less than 50% of the planted plants; the method for calculating the survival rate is: Plant survival rate = Number of plants that take root / Total number of plants planted × 100%.

[0015] Target plants generally take root: The survival rate of the planted plants is 50% or more but less than 75%. The target plants are highly established: The survival rate of the planted plants is 75% or higher.

[0016] Water layer depth: This refers to the depth of water above the plant material layer, after the plant material has sunk and the thickness of the plant material layer has been subtracted.

[0017] Reproductive organs: Refers to any part of a plant that can be used to reproduce an individual, and includes, but is not limited to, at least one of the plant's roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits, seeds, or mixtures thereof.

[0018] Seedling: A young plant that sprouts from a plant, referring to the growth stage before the second true leaf develops in monocots, or before the second pair of true leaves develops in dicots (see Figures 11-16).

[0019] Seedling: Refers to the growth stage of a plant after germination but before flowering or fruiting. Direct sowing: A method of planting plants by directly using their reproductive organs, without going through the seedling cultivation step (see Figure 24B).

[0020] Transplantation: A planting method in which seedlings are first grown using the reproductive organs, and then the seedlings are cultivated. Seedling throwing: A planting method in which the reproductive organs or seedlings of a target plant are thrown into the air with a certain force, such as throwing rice seedlings into a rice paddy, and then fall or sink into the surface of a certain substance due to gravity. The force can be applied by a person or a machine (such as a seedling throwing machine), and the certain substance refers to a material that can sustain the reproductive organs or seedlings, such as plant material or soil.

[0021] Seedling placement: This refers to a planting method in which seedlings of a target plant are placed on the surface or surface layer of a certain substance, such as rice seedlings in a rice paddy. The substance refers to a material that can sustain the reproductive organs or seedlings, such as plant material or soil.

[0022] Transplanting: Refers to any method of planting plants other than direct sowing, and includes, but is not limited to, transplanting, seedling placement, and seedling throwing.

[0023] Carrier: Refers to a substance that can support other substances, and the carrier can be soil, sand, stone, matrix, container, or any combination of two or more of these. The container is a flowerpot, pot, etc.

[0024] Carrier surface: The part that comes into contact with the air, formed on the uppermost adjacent portion of a carrier after a certain number of carriers have been stacked.

[0025] Inside the carrier: This refers to the part of the carrier that is below the surface. Aquatic plants: Plants that typically grow in water, such as rice (Oryza sativa L.).

[0026] Xerophilic plants: Plants other than aquatic plants that typically grow in environments without a water layer, such as wheat, rapeseed, corn, and soybeans.

[0027] Plant material: Any substance derived from a plant, regardless of the type or part of the plant, and may be selected from at least one or any mixture of the roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits of any plant, and includes, but is not limited to, rapeseed straw, rice straw, wheat straw, clover (Astragalus sinicus) stems and leaves, or mixtures thereof. The shape of the plant material is not limited (see Figure 9).

[0028] The carbon-nitrogen ratio in plants: The mass ratio of carbon to nitrogen in plants, that is, the value obtained by dividing the mass of carbon by the mass of nitrogen, can be expressed as C / N.

[0029] Plant material infiltration: The voids between plant material fragments are substantially filled with water, but there is no water layer on the surface of the plant material layer (see Figure 24B).

[0030] Saturated water content of plant material: The percentage of water content at which the plant material becomes saturated after absorbing water under conditions of 25°C.

[0031] Method for measuring the saturated water content of plant material: Crush the plant material to be measured to an average length of approximately 1 cm on its longest side. Place a representative 100g of plant material in a nylon mesh bag and immerse it completely in water at 25°C for 48 hours; remove the nylon mesh bag, and once no more dripping occurs within 1 minute, weigh the total weight (T) of the plant material; then heat the plant material in an oven at 80°C for 72 hours and weigh the dry weight (S); calculate the saturated water content (P) of the plant material using the formula P = (TS) / T * 100%, and repeat this three times to calculate the average value.

[0032] Placement: This refers to placing plant materials into a carrier. Covering: Place the plant material on the carrier to form a plant material layer 0.1 cm to 12 cm thick (see Figure 24B).

[0033] To scatter: To disperse small objects into the air through the action of a certain force and then fall onto a carrier. Plant material layer surface: After a certain amount of plant material is placed on the carrier, this is the portion that comes into contact with air, formed on the uppermost adjacent part of the plant material.

[0034] Within the plant material layer: After placing a certain amount of plant material on the carrier, a plant material layer of a certain thickness is formed. Within the plant material layer refers to the portion between the surface of the plant material layer and the carrier, including the interface between the plant material layer and the carrier; the portion from the surface of the plant material layer to the carrier, which is more than half the thickness of the plant material layer, is called the upper half of the plant material layer (see Figure 10A); the portion that is more than one-third the thickness of the plant material layer is called the upper 1 / 3 layer of the plant material (see Figure 10A).

[0035] Method for measuring the thickness of the plant material layer: Randomly select n survey points in the area to be measured, where n is a positive integer greater than or equal to 30. If necessary, drain the water from the carrier before testing until more than 90% of the carrier surface is no longer submerged in water. At each survey point, carefully remove any plant material no more than 4 cm in diameter to form a round hole and determine the position of the bottom surface of the plant material layer until the carrier beneath the plant material layer is exposed. Place a plastic ruler with dimensions of approximately 200*30*2 mm (length, width, height) over the round hole and use a ruler with millimeter markings to measure the vertical distance between the bottom surface of the horizontal ruler and the bottom surface of the plant material layer. Calculate the average of the n measurements as the thickness value of the plant material layer to be measured.

[0036] Plant material size: The length of the longest side of the plant material refers to the maximum distance between two endpoints of the plant material fragment in any direction (see Figure 27).

[0037] Average size of plant material: The average size of 100 or more randomly selected plant material fragments.

[0038] Plant material residue layer: A layer of tangible material visible to the naked eye that remains within a plant material layer after a certain period of time has elapsed.

[0039] Thickness of the plant material residue layer: The vertical distance between the top and bottom surfaces of the plant material residue layer. Method for measuring the thickness of the plant material residue layer: Randomly select n survey points in the area to be measured, where n is a positive integer greater than or equal to 30. If necessary, drain the water from the carrier before testing until more than 90% of the carrier surface is no longer submerged in water. At each survey point, carefully remove plant material residue no more than 4 cm in diameter to form a round hole and determine the position of the bottom surface of the plant material residue layer until the carrier beneath the plant material residue layer is exposed. Place a plastic ruler with a length, width, and height of approximately 200*30*2 mm over the round hole, and using a ruler with millimeter markings, measure the vertical distance between the bottom surface of the horizontal ruler and the bottom surface of the plant material residue layer. Calculate the average of the n measurements as the thickness value of the plant material residue layer to be measured.

[0040] Complete decay: Decay is the process in which a large portion of plant tissue is broken down and destroyed, and the original shape is gradually lost. Complete decay is defined as the mass of tangible material visible to the naked eye remaining after the decay of plant material being less than 10% of the original mass.

[0041] Plant nutrition refers to natural or synthetic substances that provide nutrients necessary for plant growth, such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and trace elements, and specifically includes urea and compound fertilizers.

[0042] Composting: Using high temperatures to pile up plant materials and allow them to decompose. The initial stem-root differentiation point of plants: This is the boundary between the stem and root system in a seedling during the early stages of plant germination. Typically, the area above this point is the stem, and the area below is the root system (as shown in Figures 10-17). Figures 10-17 show the effects of using the method of the present invention when planting target plants such as rice, wheat, rapeseed, corn, cucumber, and soybean.

[0043] Height of the initial stem-root differentiation point of a plant: This is the vertical distance between the initial stem-root differentiation point of a plant and the surface of the carrier excluding the plant material, and is denoted as HP. When the soil surface is covered with plant material and the target plant is cultivated in the plant material layer, HP refers to the vertical distance from the initial stem-root differentiation point to the soil surface (as shown in Figure 10 A, B, C, and D).

[0044] Method for measuring the height of the early stem-root differentiation point in plants: Randomly select n representative plants of the normally growing plant to be measured, where n is a positive integer greater than or equal to 30. Determine the location of the initial stem-root differentiation point and measure the vertical distance between the initial stem-root differentiation point of each plant and the carrier plane excluding the plant material layer using a millimeter-scale ruler. Calculate the average of the n measurements as the height value of the initial stem-root differentiation point of the plant being measured. When measuring the height of the initial stem-root differentiation point of weeds in farmland, randomly select normally growing weeds, and if there are multiple weeds, select a total of n different types of weeds, preferably with an equal number of each type of weed being measured (as shown in Figures 10 A, B, C, and D).

[0045] Stem base point: This can be divided into three categories: In plants where the root system is concentrated at the base of the stem (e.g., Lindernia procumbens), it refers to the most basal point of the stem where no root system is present, and this part is visible to the naked eye, with root tissue or a stem containing a root system below it (Figure 18A); In plant species with roots in two or more places on the stem, or in creeping plants and climbing plants (e.g., Euphorbia lathyris, Alternanthera philoxeroides), it refers to the most basal point of the stem in the most basal part of the plant where no roots are present (Figure 18B, C); In plant species without a distinct stem (e.g., Marsilea quadrifolia), it refers to the highest point of the plant body where the root system is present (Figure 18D).

[0046] Stem base height: The vertical distance between the stem base of a plant and the carrier surface excluding the plant material layer. When the soil surface is covered with plant material and the target plant is cultivated in the plant material layer, the stem base height of the target plant refers to the vertical distance from the stem base of the target plant to the soil surface (as shown in Figure 10, D). For weeds in farmland, the stem base height refers to the vertical distance from the stem base of the weed to the soil surface.

[0047] Method for measuring stem base height: Randomly select n representative plants of the plant to be measured that are growing normally, where n is a positive integer greater than or equal to 30. Determine the position of the stem base and measure the vertical distance from the stem base of each plant to the plane of the carrier below the plant material using a ruler with millimeter markings. Calculate the average of the n measurements as the stem base height value of the plant being measured. When measuring the initial stem base height of weeds in farmland, randomly select weeds that are growing normally. If there are multiple weeds, select a total of n different types of weeds, preferably with an equal number of each type of weed to be measured.

[0048] Relative position of stem base and plant material residue layer: The relative position of the stem base and the plant material residue layer of a plant growing normally in vertical space.

[0049] Method for measuring the relative position of the stem base and the plant material residue layer: Randomly select n representative plants that grow normally, where n is a positive integer greater than or equal to 30. Determine the positions of the top and bottom surfaces of the plant material residue layer, and measure the vertical distance between the top and bottom surfaces of the plant material residue layer using a ruler with millimeter markings to determine the thickness of the plant material residue layer (H). Determine the position of the stem base of the plant to be measured, and using a ruler with millimeter markings, measure the vertical distance (X) between the stem base and the top surface of the plant material residue layer. If the stem base is higher than the top surface, use a positive value; if the stem base is lower than the top surface, use a negative value; and if the stem base is lower than the bottom surface of the plant material residue layer, use a value less than -H. There is no need to measure a specific value. Calculate the average of the n measurements as the relative position value between the stem base and the plant material residue layer of the plant to be measured. If X is greater than 0, it means the stem base is higher than the plant material residue layer; if X is less than 0, and the absolute value of X is less than H, it means the stem base is in the plant material residue layer, and if the absolute value of X is less than 1 / 3H, it means the stem base is in the layer at least 1 / 3 of the way up from the plant material residue layer; if the absolute value of X is greater than H, it means the stem base is below the plant material residue layer.

[0050] Weeds: Plants other than those intended for intentional cultivation. For example, in a rice paddy, all plants other than rice are considered weeds (Figure 8, Figure 25A, Figure 26A).

[0051] Weed density: The number of weeds per unit area, usually referring to the number of weeds per square meter, and the unit is "weeds / m". 2 "

[0052] Method for measuring weed density: If the area to be measured is less than 20 hectares, measurements are taken from n days after planting the target plant until before harvest, where n is a positive integer of 10 or greater. At least 20 survey points are taken in the area to be measured, with each survey point measuring 0.25 m². 2The sampling frame is a square with sides of 50 cm, using iron wire with a diameter of 2 mm or more, and its area is determined. When selecting survey points, if the number of field blocks in the area to be measured exceeds 10, 10 representative fields in different locations are selected, and two survey points are taken on the diagonal of each field; if the number of field blocks in the area to be measured is between 5 and 10, 5 representative fields in different locations are selected, and four survey points are taken on the double diagonal of each field; if the number of field blocks in the area to be measured is less than 5, a considerable number of survey points are taken on the double diagonal of each field. In addition, the survey points are located at least 1 m away from the field's levees or boundaries. If necessary, water is drained from the fields before the survey until more than 90% of the area is no longer submerged in water. During the survey, the plane of the sampling frame is positioned horizontally at a height higher than the vegetation in the field, and then, while keeping the plane of the sampling frame horizontal, the sampling frame is positioned vertically downwards from the ground. When the sampling frame comes into contact with a plant, the above-ground parts of plants whose roots fall within the vertical projection range of the sampling frame are placed within the frame, and the above-ground parts of plants whose roots are outside the vertical projection range are moved outside the frame. When investigating the number of remaining weeds within the sampling frame and counting the number of plants, for grasses and sedges, weeds that have tillers growing within a 5cm radius circle from the base of the main stem and within 10cm of the ground, and whose tillers are longer than 10cm, are recorded as individual plants. For broadleaf weeds, weeds that have branches within a 3cm radius circle from the base of the main stem and within 5cm of the ground, and whose branches are longer than 10cm, are recorded as individual plants. Weeds that float completely on the water surface in their normal growing state, such as duckweed, are not counted. The average number of weeds from 20 survey points is calculated and converted to the number of weeds per square meter to obtain the weed density value for the area being measured. If the area to be measured exceeds 20 hectares, measurements will be taken every 20 hectares.

[0053] Weed control effectiveness: This refers to the percentage reduction in the number of weeds in the treated area compared to the untreated control area when weed control measures were applied. Untreated means no weed control measures were used at all.

[0054] Measurement method for weed control effectiveness: Measurements are taken 10 days after the application of weed control measures, and from n days after planting the target plant until before harvest, where n is a positive integer of 10 or greater. If there are no repeats in the test area, 10 or more survey points are taken on the double diagonal lines of the control area and the treatment area, with each survey point having an area of ​​0.25 m². 2 Equal to that, use iron wire with a diameter of 2 mm or more to form a square sampling frame with sides of 50 cm and determine the area; if there are repetitions in the test area, take at least three survey points on the double diagonal of each repeated test area for control and treatment, so that the total number of survey points for control and treatment reaches at least 10 each, and the area of ​​each survey point is 0.25 m². 2 Furthermore, the survey points are located at least 1 meter away from the field's ridges and boundaries. If necessary, water is drained from the fields before the survey until more than 90% of the area is no longer submerged. During the survey, the plane of the sampling frame is positioned horizontally at a height higher than the plants in the fields, and then, while keeping the plane of the sampling frame horizontal, the sampling frame is positioned vertically downwards on the ground. In this case, if the sampling frame comes into contact with a plant, the above-ground parts of plants whose roots fall within the vertical projection range of the sampling frame are placed within the frame, and the above-ground parts of plants whose roots are outside the vertical projection range are moved outside the frame. When investigating the number of remaining weeds within the sampling area and counting the number of plants, for grasses and sedges, weeds that grow tillers within a 5cm radius circle from the base of the main stem and within 10cm of the ground, and whose tillers are longer than 10cm, are recorded as individual plants. For broadleaf weeds, weeds that produce branches within a 3cm radius circle from the base of the main stem and within 5cm of the ground, and whose branches are longer than 10cm, are recorded as individual plants. Weeds that float completely on the water surface in their normal growing state, such as duckweed, are not counted. The average number of weeds from 10 or more survey points is calculated and the weed control effect is calculated using the following formula: Weed control effect = (Average number of weeds in the control area - Average number of weeds in the treatment area) / Average number of weeds in the control area × 100%.

[0055] Effectiveness in controlling weed growth weight: When weed control measures were applied, the growth weight of the above-ground portion of weeds in the treated area decreased compared to the untreated control area. The untreated area is where no weed control measures were used at all.

[0056] Measurement method for weed growth control effectiveness: Measurements are taken 10 days after the application of weed control measures, and from n days after planting the target plant until before harvest, where n is a positive integer of 10 or greater. If there are no repeats in the test area, 10 or more survey points are taken on the double diagonal lines of the control area and the treatment area, with each survey point having an area of ​​0.25 m². 25 Equal to that, use iron wire with a diameter of 2 mm or more to form a square sampling frame with sides of 50 cm and determine the area; if there are repetitions in the test area, take at least three survey points on the double diagonal of each repeated test area for control and treatment, so that the total number of survey points for control and treatment reaches at least 10 each, and the area of ​​each survey point is 0.25 m². 2 The survey points are located at least 1 meter away from the field's ridges and boundaries. If necessary, the area is submerged in water to a maximum of 90%, and water droplets are present on more than 95% of the surface of the grass stems and leaves until they are no longer wet, and the field is drained before the survey. During the survey, the plane of the sampling frame is positioned horizontally at a height higher than the plants in the field, and then, while keeping the plane of the sampling frame horizontal, the sampling frame is positioned vertically downwards on the ground. At this time, if the sampling frame comes into contact with a plant, the above-ground parts of plants whose roots fall within the vertical projection range of the sampling frame are placed inside the frame, and the above-ground parts of plants whose roots are outside the vertical projection range are moved outside the frame. The above-ground parts of weeds within the sampling frame are cut with scissors, placed in a plastic bag and sealed, and stored in a cool, dry place to minimize moisture loss in the sample. Care should be taken to ensure that soil and other contaminants attached to the weeds do not affect their fresh weight. If necessary, cut weed samples should be washed with water and any moisture absorbed by absorbent paper. Within two hours of collection, the fresh weight of the weeds should be weighed using a scale with an accuracy of 0.01 g or better, and recorded to two decimal places. The average value of the fresh weight of the weeds from 10 or more survey points should be calculated using the following formula: Weed fresh weight effect = (Average number of weeds in the target area - Average number of weeds in the treatment area) / Average number of weeds in the control area * 100%.

[0057] Weed control: It means suppressing the damage caused by weeds to the growth of target plants. The quantitative index is that 10 days after the weed control measure and from 15 days after the planting of the target plant until harvest, the weed density is less than 200 plants / m 2 ², the weed control effect is 50% or more and less than 80%, or the fresh weight control effect of weeds is 50% or more and less than 80%.

[0058] Effective weed control: It means effectively suppressing the harm of weeds and basically having no impact on the normal growth of target plants or the damage being relatively minor. The quantitative index is that 10 days after the weed control measure and from 15 days after the planting of the target plant until harvest, the weed density is less than 100 plants / m 2 ², the weed control effect is 80% or more and less than 95%, or the fresh weight control effect of weeds is 80% or more and less than 95%.

[0059] Complete weed control: It means completely suppressing the harm of weeds and having very little harm to target plants. The quantitative index is that 10 days after the weed control measure and from 15 days after the planting of the target plant until harvest, the weed density is less than 25 plants / m 2 ², the weed control effect is 95% or more or the fresh weight control effect of weeds is 95% or more.

[0060] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopted the following technical solutions: The present invention provides a method for simultaneously achieving weed control and planting of target plants with plant materials. The method includes the following: a. Placing the plant materials on a carrier to form a plant material layer; b. Planting the target plants on the surface of the plant material layer and / or in the plant material layer.

[0061] The present invention provides a method for simultaneously achieving weed control and planting of target plants with plant materials, including the following steps: By controlling the coating thickness and water content of the plant material layer, plant the target plants while suppressing weeds.

[0062] In one preferred embodiment, the above method includes the following steps: a. The period from placing the plant material on the carrier and covering the plant material layer until planting the target plant is defined as the covering period, and during the covering period, the size, thickness, and water content of the plant material layer are controlled; b. Next, plant the target plant on the surface and / or within the plant material layer so that the target plant is planted on and / or within the layer; Here, in order to obtain the actual weed control effect required, the plant material layer is uniformly covered on the carrier with a covering thickness of 0.1 to 12 cm; and in order to create the conditions necessary for the growth of the target plant, the water content of the plant material is set to 10% or more of its saturation water content.

[0063] During the covering period of the plant material layer, weed growth can be suppressed by controlling conditions such as covering thickness, covering time, and water content. Furthermore, the target plants are planted on and / or within the plant material layer, and the conditions such as covering thickness, covering time, and water content work synergistically to achieve a synergistic effect of effectively controlling weeds while cultivating the target plants.

[0064] This invention provides a method for simultaneously controlling weeds and planting target plants using plant materials, and includes the following steps: a. To form a plant material layer, plant material with a thickness of 0.1 to 12 cm is covered on the carrier; preferably, plant material with a thickness of 0.3 to 8 cm is covered on the carrier, preferably the covering thickness is 0.3 to 5 cm. Preferably, the covering thickness is 0.6 to 3 cm. Preferably, the covering thickness is 0.6 to 1.2 cm. Preferably, the covering thickness is 0.6 to 1 cm. Preferably, plant material with a thickness of 0.1 to 12 cm is uniformly covered on the carrier.

[0065] Control the water content of the plant material during the covering period, the period immediately before planting the crop, and after planting; b. The period from covering the plant material layer to planting the target plant is defined as the covering period, and during the covering period, the water content of the plant material is controlled to 1% or more of its saturated water content; preferably, the water content of the plant material is controlled to 50% or more of its saturated water content; preferably, the water content of the plant material is controlled to 100% of its saturated water content; preferably, the plant material is prevented from being soaked in water; more preferably, the plant material is immersed in water. c. Plant the target plant on the surface of the plant material layer and / or within the plant material layer; Controlling moisture during the period immediately before planting crops: The period within one day before planting the target plant is defined as the period immediately before planting crops, and during this period, the water content of the plant material is adjusted to 30% or more of its saturated water content; preferably, the water content of the plant material is adjusted to 100% or more of its saturated water content; more preferably, the water content of the plant material is adjusted to permeate the plant material; more preferably, the water layer depth of the plant material is adjusted to 5 cm or less.

[0066] d. Control moisture after planting: 1) When the target plant is an aquatic plant and the planting method is direct sowing, if the target plant is planted on the surface of the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material after planting is maintained from 70% of its saturation water content until the plant material is permeated; if the target plant is planted within a layer of the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material after planting is maintained at 40% to 100% of its saturation water content; 2) When the target plant is a xerophilic plant and the planting method is direct sowing, if the target plant is planted on the surface of the plant material layer, the moisture content of the plant material after planting will be maintained at 40% to 100% of its saturation moisture content; if the target plant is planted within the plant material layer, the moisture content of the plant material after planting will be maintained at 30% to 90% of its saturation moisture content; 3) When the target plant is an aquatic plant and the planting method is transplanting, if the target plant is planted on the surface of the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material after planting is maintained from 70% of its saturation water content until the water layer depth is 5 cm or less; if the target plant is planted within the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material after planting is maintained from 50% of its saturation water content until the water layer depth is 5 cm or less; 4) When the target plant is a xerophilic plant and the planting method is transplanting, if the target plant is planted on the surface of the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material after planting is maintained from 50% of its saturation water content until the water layer depth is 2 cm or less; if the target plant is planted within the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material after planting is maintained from 60% of its saturation water content until the water layer depth is 2 cm or less; Preferably, "within the plant material layer" refers to the upper half of the plant material layer, and more preferably, "within the plant material layer" refers to the upper one-third layer of the plant material; Preferably, the control of weeds refers to suppressing the damage caused by weeds to the growth of the target plant, and the quantitative indicator is: a weed density of 200 plants / m² 10 days after weed control by a certain method, and from 15 days after planting the target plant until harvest. 2 The weed control effect is less than 50% to less than 80%, or the weed growth control effect is 50% to less than 80%; more preferably, the weed control achieves effective weed control, where effective weed control means that the damage caused by weeds is effectively suppressed and the normal growth of the target plant is not affected or the damage is relatively mild, and the quantitative indicators are: 10 days after weed control by a certain method, and 15 days after planting the target plant until harvest, the weed density is 100 plants / m². 2 The weed control effect is less than 80% to less than 95%, or the weed growth control effect is 80% to less than 95%; more preferably, the weed control achieves complete weed control, completely suppresses weed damage, and causes very little damage to the target plant, with quantitative indicators being: a weed density of 25 plants / m² 10 days after weed control by a certain method, or 15 days after planting the target plant until harvest. 2 Less than 95%, or with a weed control effect of 95% or more, or with a weed growth control effect of 95% or more.

[0067] Preferably, the survival rate of the planted plants is 10% or more and less than 50%; more preferably, the survival rate of the planted plants is 50% or more and less than 75%; more preferably, the survival rate of the planted plants is 75% or more.

[0068] Preferably, when planting the target plant by its reproductive organs, the initial stem-root differentiation point of the target plant is visible to the naked eye within or above the plant material layer before the plant material completely decomposes, and after the bud of the target plant emerges, the stem base is visible within or above the plant material layer.

[0069] Preferably, when planting the target plant by any of the methods of seedling placement, seedling throwing, or seedling transplanting, the stem base of the target plant should be visible to the naked eye within or above the plant material layer before the plant material completely decomposes; Preferably, when planting the target plant, the target plant should be visible to the naked eye to be on or within the plant material layer, and the reproductive organs of the weed should be located below the plant material layer; Preferably, after planting the target plant, when weeds emerge, it should be visible to the naked eye that 95% of the weed's initial stem-root differentiation points are located beneath the plant material layer before the plant material completely decomposes; Preferably, after planting the target plants, when the covering thickness of the plant material reaches 0.9 cm and weeds emerge, the initial stem-root differentiation points of 95% of the target plants are visible to the naked eye to be at least 0.5 cm higher than the initial stem-root differentiation points of the weeds, and / or within 25 days after planting the target plants, the stem base points of 95% of the target plants are visible to the naked eye to be at least 0.8 cm higher than the stem base points of the weeds; Preferably, when the covering thickness of the plant material reaches 0.9 cm, at the end of the uniform covering of the plant material, 95% of the carrier area is covered by the plant material, and the carrier (such as soil) is visible to the naked eye.

[0070] Furthermore, the planting methods for the target plants include, but are not limited to, artificial sowing of reproductive organs, artificial transplanting of seedlings, artificial throwing of seedlings, artificial placement of seedlings, mechanical sowing of reproductive organs, mechanical transplanting of seedlings, mechanical throwing of seedlings, and mechanical placement of seedlings.

[0071] Furthermore, the process of planting the target plant includes a step of applying plant nutrients, the application of which can provide the target plant with the nutrients necessary for growth, and the application method is at least one selected from applying below the plant material layer, applying in the middle of the plant material layer, mixing with the plant material layer, applying on top of the plant material layer, mixing with the reproductive organs of the target plant, and mixing with the root system of the reproductive organs of the target plant.

[0072] Furthermore, the timing of applying the plant nutrients includes, but is not limited to, before planting the target plants, after planting the target plants, or at the same time as planting the target plants.

[0073] Furthermore, the timing of application is as follows: the plant nutrient is applied 1 to 15 days after planting the target plant, preferably 1 to 10 days after planting the target plant, and preferably 3 to 7 days after planting the target plant.

[0074] Furthermore, the types of plant nutrients include, but are not limited to, urea, P2O5, K2O, compound fertilizers, organic fertilizers, human waste, manure, various types of compost, plant ash, and mixed fertilizers.

[0075] Furthermore, the plant material is derived from any plant, preferably at least one of the following plants: Rice (Oryza sativa L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), corn (Zea mays L.), soybeans (Glycine max(L.)Merr.), sweet potatoes (Dioscorea esculenta (Lour.) Burkill), potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), flax (Linum usitatissimum L.), rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), peanuts (Solanum melongena L.), bell peppers (Capsicum annuum L.), pumpkins (Cucurbita moschata (Duch. exLam.) Duch. ex Poiret), winter melon (Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn.), sugarcane (Saccharum (officinarum L.), lotus (Astragalus sinicus L.), sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), hairy vetch.

[0076] Furthermore, the plant material is fragmented and covered with the carrier, wherein the size of the plant material is 300 cm or less; preferably, 200 cm or less; preferably, 10 cm or less; and more preferably, 3 cm or less.

[0077] Furthermore, the plant material is fragmented and covered with the carrier, wherein the average size of the plant material is 300 cm or less; preferably, the average size of the plant material is 200 cm or less; preferably, the average size of the plant material is 10 cm or less; more preferably, the average size of the plant material is 3 cm or less.

[0078] Furthermore, the covering period is 0 to 12 months; preferably, 0 to 6 months; preferably, 0 to 3 months; preferably, 0 to 30 days; more preferably, 0 to 10 days.

[0079] Furthermore, in the method for simultaneously achieving weed control and planting of target plants using plant materials according to the present invention, the method for controlling moisture after planting is as follows: 1) When the target plant is an aquatic plant and the planting method is direct sowing, if the target plant is planted on the surface of the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material after planting is maintained at 70% of its saturation water content for 5 to 15 days until the plant material is permeated; if the target plant is planted within a layer of the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material after planting is maintained at 40% to 100% of its saturation water content for 5 to 15 days; 2) When the target plant is a xerophilic plant and the planting method is direct sowing, if the target plant is planted on the surface of the plant material layer, the moisture content of the plant material after planting is maintained at 40% to 100% of its saturation moisture content, and after the root system of the target plant penetrates the plant material layer, the moisture content of the plant material is maintained at 10% to 80% of its saturation moisture content for 5 to 15 days; if the target plant is planted within the plant material layer, the moisture content of the plant material after planting is maintained at 30% to 90% of its saturation moisture content, and after the root system of the target plant penetrates the plant material layer, the moisture content of the plant material is maintained at 10% to 70% of its saturation moisture content; 3) When the target plant is an aquatic plant and the planting method is transplanting, if the target plant is planted on the surface of the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material after planting shall be maintained from 70% of its saturated water content until the water layer depth of the plant material is 5 cm or less, and after 4 to 8 days, the water content of the plant material shall be maintained from 30% of its saturated water content until the water layer depth of the plant material is 8 cm or less; if the target plant is planted within the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material after planting shall be maintained from 50% of its saturated water content until the water layer depth of the plant material is 5 cm or less, and after 4 to 8 days, the water content of the plant material shall be maintained from 20% of its saturated water content until the water layer depth of the plant material is 6 cm or less; 4) When the target plant is a xerophilic plant and the planting method is transplanting, if the target plant is planted on the surface of the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material after planting is maintained from 50% of its saturated water content until the water layer depth of the plant material is 2 cm or less, and after 4 to 8 days, the water content of the plant material is maintained at 10% to 90% of its saturated water content; if the target plant is planted within the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material after planting is maintained from 60% of its saturated water content until the water layer depth of the plant material is 2 cm or less, and after 4 to 8 days, the water content of the plant material is maintained at 10% to 80% of its saturated water content.

[0080] For different plant materials, the present invention also provides different preferred embodiments to better realize the technical effects of the present invention: Furthermore, if the plant material is derived from corn, soybeans, sweet potatoes, potatoes, cotton, flax, rapeseed, peanuts, bell peppers, pumpkins, winter melons, sugarcane, or sunflowers, the plant material is fragmented and covered with the carrier, and the size of the plant material is 2 cm or less; preferably, the size of the plant material is 1 cm or less.

[0081] Furthermore, if the plant material is derived from corn, soybeans, sweet potatoes, potatoes, cotton, flax, rapeseed, peanuts, bell peppers, pumpkins, winter melons, sugarcane, or sunflowers, the plant material is fragmented and covered with the carrier, and the average size of the plant material is 2 cm or less; preferably, the average size of the plant material is 1 cm or less.

[0082] Furthermore, if the plant material is derived from rice, wheat, barley, lotus (Astragalus sinicus), or hairy vetch, the plant material is fragmented and covered with the carrier, and the size of the plant material is 10 cm or less; preferably, the size of the plant material is 5 cm or less; preferably, the size of the plant material is 2 cm or less.

[0083] Furthermore, if the plant material is derived from rice, wheat, barley, lotus (Astragalus sinicus), or hairy vetch, the plant material is fragmented and covered with the carrier, and the average size of the plant material is 10 cm or less; preferably, the average size of the plant material is 5 cm or less; preferably, the average size of the plant material is 2 cm or less.

[0084] Furthermore, if the plant material is derived from corn, soybeans, sweet potatoes, potatoes, cotton, flax, rapeseed, peanuts, bell peppers, pumpkins, winter melons, sugarcane, or sunflowers, the covering thickness is 0.2 to 8 cm; preferably 0.4 to 4 cm; preferably 0.5 to 3 cm; preferably 0.6 to 2 cm; preferably 0.6 to 1.5 cm; preferably 0.6 to 0.9 cm.

[0085] Furthermore, if the plant material is derived from rice, wheat, barley, lotus (Astragalus sinicus), or hairy vetch, the covering thickness is 0.2 to 8 cm; preferably 0.3 to 4 cm; preferably 0.6 to 3 cm; preferably 0.8 to 2 cm; preferably 0.8 to 1.5 cm.

[0086] Furthermore, if the plant material is derived from rice, wheat, barley, lotus (Astragalus sinicus), or hairy vetch, and the average size of the plant material is 1 cm or less, the covering thickness is 0.2 to 8 cm; preferably 0.3 to 4 cm; preferably 0.5 to 3 cm; preferably 0.6 to 2 cm; preferably 0.6 to 1.0 cm.

[0087] Depending on the different target plants planted and the different planting methods, the present invention also provides different preferred embodiments to better realize the technical effects of the present invention: Furthermore, if the target plant is an aquatic plant and the planting method is direct sowing, a 0.3-12 cm layer of plant material is uniformly covered on the carrier, the plant material being derived from rapeseed, rice, wheat, corn, or soybeans, and the average size of the plant material being 3 cm or less; during the covering period, the plant material is immersed in water, and immediately before planting the crop, the water content of the plant material is adjusted to allow it to permeate; once the target plant is planted on the surface of the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material after planting is maintained at 70% of its saturation water content for 5-15 days until it permeates the plant material; once the target plant is planted within the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material after planting is maintained at 40%-100% of its saturation water content for 5-15 days; Preferably, the covering thickness of the plant material is 0.6 to 2.5 cm, and when the target plant is planted on the surface of the plant material layer, the moisture content of the plant material after planting is maintained at 100% of its saturation moisture content for 5 to 10 days until the plant material is permeated; when the target plant is planted within the plant material layer, the moisture content of the plant material after planting is maintained at 80% to 100% of its saturation moisture content for 5 to 10 days; the above method can achieve complete control of weeds and a survival rate of the planted target plant of ≥ 75%; Preferably, the covering thickness of the plant material is 0.6 to 1.2 cm, and when the target plant is planted on the surface of the plant material layer, the moisture content of the plant material after planting is maintained at 100% of its saturation moisture content for 5 to 10 days until the plant material is permeated; when the target plant is planted within the plant material layer, the moisture content of the plant material after planting is maintained at 80% to 100% of its saturation moisture content for 5 to 10 days; the above method can achieve complete control of weeds and the survival rate of the planted target plants is ≥ 80%.

[0088] Furthermore, if the target plant is a xerophilic plant and the planting method is direct sowing, the aforementioned plant material is derived from rapeseed, rice, wheat, corn, or soybean, and the average size of the aforementioned plant material is 3 cm or less. 0.3~12 A cm thick layer of plant material is uniformly covered on the carrier; during the covering period, the plant material is immersed in water, and the water content of the plant material is adjusted to permeate the plant material in the period immediately before planting the crop; when the target plant is planted on the surface of the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material after planting is maintained at 40% to 100% of its saturation water content, and after the root system of the target plant has penetrated the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained at 10% to 80% of its saturation water content, preferably for 5 to 15 days; when the target plant is planted within the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material after planting is maintained at 30% to 90% of its saturation water content, and after the root system of the target plant has penetrated the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material after planting is maintained at 10% to 70% of its saturation water content; Preferably, the covering thickness of the plant material is 0.6 to 2.5 cm, and when the target plant is planted on the surface of the plant material layer, the moisture content of the plant material after planting is maintained at 70% to 100% of its saturation moisture content, and after the root system of the target plant penetrates the plant material layer, the moisture content of the plant material is maintained at 30% to 80% of its saturation moisture content, preferably for a maintenance period of 5 to 15 days; when the target plant is planted within the plant material layer, the moisture content of the plant material after planting is maintained at 30% to 90% of its saturation moisture content, and after the root system of the target plant penetrates the plant material layer, the moisture content of the plant material is maintained at 20% to 70% of its saturation moisture content; the above method can achieve complete control of weeds and the survival rate of the planted target plants is ≥ 75%; Preferably, the covering thickness of the plant material is 0.6 to 1.2 cm, and when the target plant is planted on the surface of the plant material layer, the moisture content of the plant material after planting is maintained at 70% to 100% of its saturation moisture content, and after the root system of the target plant penetrates the plant material layer, the moisture content of the plant material is maintained at 30% to 80% of its saturation moisture content, preferably for a maintenance period of 5 to 15 days; when the target plant is planted within the plant material layer, the moisture content of the plant material after planting is maintained at 30% to 90% of its saturation moisture content, and after the root system of the target plant penetrates the plant material layer, the moisture content of the plant material is maintained at 20% to 70% of its saturation moisture content; the above method can achieve complete control of weeds and the survival rate of the planted target plants is ≥ 80%.

[0089] Furthermore, if the target plant is an aquatic plant and the planting method is transplanting, the aforementioned plant material shall be derived from rapeseed, rice, wheat, corn, or soybean, and the average size of the aforementioned plant material shall be 3 cm or less. 0.3~12 The plant material is uniformly covered on the carrier by a thickness of 1 cm; during the covering period, the plant material is immersed in water, and the water content of the plant material is adjusted to permeate the plant material in the period immediately before planting the crop; when the target plant is planted on the surface of the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material after planting is maintained from 70% of its saturated water content until the water layer depth is 5 cm or less, and after 4 to 8 days, the water content of the plant material is maintained from 30% of its saturated water content until the water layer depth is 8 cm or less; when the target plant is planted within the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained from 50% of its saturated water content until the water layer depth is 5 cm or less, and after 4 to 8 days, the water content of the plant material is maintained from 20% of its saturated water content until the water layer depth is 6 cm or less; Preferably, the covering thickness of the plant material is 0.6 to 2.5 cm, and when the target plant is planted on the surface of the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material after planting is 1 to 4 cm deep, and after 4 to 8 days, the water content of the plant material is maintained at a water depth of 2 to 5 cm or less; when the target plant is planted within the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained at a water depth of 1 to 4 cm, and after 4 to 8 days, the water content of the plant material is maintained at a water depth of 2 to 5 cm or less; the above method can achieve complete control of weeds and the survival rate of the planted target plant is ≥ 75%; Preferably, the covering thickness of the plant material is 0.6 to 1.2 cm, and when the target plant is planted on the surface of the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material after planting is 1 to 4 cm deep, and after 4 to 8 days, the water content of the plant material is maintained at a water depth of 2 to 5 cm or less; when the target plant is planted within the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained at a water depth of 1 to 3 cm or less, and after 4 to 8 days, the water content of the plant material is maintained at a water depth of 2 to 5 cm or less, and the above method can achieve complete control of weeds and a survival rate of the planted target plant of ≥ 80%.

[0090] Furthermore, if the target plant is a xerophilic plant and the planting method is transplanting, the aforementioned plant material shall be derived from rapeseed, rice, wheat, corn, or soybean, and the average size of the aforementioned plant material shall be 3 cm or less, and 0.3-12 The plant material is uniformly covered on the carrier by a thickness of 1 cm; during the covering period, the plant material is immersed in water, and the water content of the plant material is adjusted to permeate the plant material in the period immediately before planting the crop; when the target plant is planted on the surface of the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material after planting is maintained from 100% of its saturated water content until the water layer depth is 2 cm or less, and after 4 to 8 days, the water content of the plant material is maintained at 30% to 90% of its saturated water content; when the target plant is planted within the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained at 50% to 100% of its saturated water content, and after 4 to 8 days, the water content of the plant material is maintained at 30% to 80% of its saturated water content; Preferably, the covering thickness of the plant material is 0.6 to 2.5 cm, and when the target plant is planted on the surface of the plant material layer, the moisture content of the plant material after planting is maintained from 100% of its saturation moisture content until the water layer depth is 2 cm or less, and after 4 to 8 days, the moisture content of the plant material is maintained at 30% to 90% of its saturation moisture content; when the target plant is planted within the plant material layer, the moisture content of the plant material is maintained at 50% to 100% of its saturation moisture content, and after 4 to 8 days, the moisture content of the plant material is maintained at 30% to 80% of its saturation moisture content; the above method can achieve complete control of weeds and the survival rate of the planted target plant is ≥ 75%; Preferably, the covering thickness of the plant material is 0.6 to 1.2 cm. When the target plant is planted on the surface of the plant material layer, the moisture content of the plant material after planting is maintained from 100% of its saturated moisture content until the water layer depth is 2 cm or less. After 4 to 8 days, the moisture content of the plant material is maintained at 30% to 90% of its saturated moisture content. When the target plant is planted within the plant material layer, the moisture content of the plant material is maintained at 50% to 100% of its saturated moisture content. After 4 to 8 days, the moisture content of the plant material is maintained at 30% to 80% of its saturated moisture content. The above method can achieve complete control of weeds and a survival rate of ≥ 80% for the planted target plants.

[0091] Furthermore, if the target plant is paddy rice and the planting method is direct sowing, the plant material shall be derived from rapeseed, rice, wheat, corn, or soybeans, and the average size of the plant material shall be 3 cm or less, with the plant material being uniformly covered on the carrier in pieces of 0.3 to 12 cm; during the covering period, the plant material shall be immersed in water, and in the period immediately before planting the crop, the water content of the plant material shall be adjusted to allow it to permeate; once the target plant is planted on the surface of the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material after planting shall be maintained at 100% of its saturation water content for 5 to 8 days until it permeates the plant material; once the target plant is planted within the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material after planting shall be maintained at 70% to 100% of its saturation water content for 5 to 8 days; Preferably, the covering thickness of the plant material is 0.6 to 2.5 cm, and when the target plant is planted on the surface of the plant material layer, the moisture content of the plant material after planting is maintained at 100% of its saturation moisture content for 5 to 8 days until the plant material is permeated; when the target plant is planted within the plant material layer, the moisture content of the plant material after planting is maintained at 80% to 100% of its saturation moisture content for 5 to 8 days; the above method can achieve complete control of weeds and a survival rate of ≥ 75% for the planted target plants; Preferably, the covering thickness of the plant material is 0.6 to 1.2 cm, and when the target plant is planted on the surface of the plant material layer, the moisture content of the plant material after planting is maintained at 100% of its saturation moisture content for 5 to 8 days until the plant material is permeated; when the target plant is planted within the plant material layer, the moisture content of the plant material after planting is maintained at 80% to 100% of its saturation moisture content for 5 to 8 days; the above method can achieve complete control of weeds and a survival rate of ≥90% for the planted target plants; Furthermore, if the target plant is paddy rice and the planting method is transplanting, the aforementioned plant material is derived from rapeseed, rice, wheat, corn, or soybeans, and the average size of the aforementioned plant material is 3 cm or less. 0.3~12 The plant material is uniformly covered on the carrier by a thickness of 1 cm; during the covering period, the plant material is immersed in water, and the water content of the plant material is adjusted to permeate the plant material in the period immediately before planting the crop; when the target plant is planted on the surface of the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material after planting is maintained from 70% of its saturated water content until the water layer depth is 5 cm or less, and after 4 to 8 days, the water content of the plant material is maintained from 30% of its saturated water content until the water layer depth is 8 cm or less; when the target plant is planted within the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained from 50% of its saturated water content until the water layer depth is 5 cm or less, and after 4 to 8 days, the water content of the plant material is maintained from 20% of its saturated water content until the water layer depth is 6 cm or less; Preferably, the covering thickness of the plant material is 0.6 to 2.5 cm, and when the target plant is planted on the surface of the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material after planting is 1 to 4 cm deep, and after 4 to 8 days, the water content of the plant material is maintained at a water depth of 2 to 5 cm or less; when the target plant is planted within the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained at a water depth of 1 to 4 cm, and after 4 to 8 days, the water content of the plant material is maintained at a water depth of 2 to 5 cm or less; the above method can achieve complete control of weeds and the survival rate of the planted target plant is ≥ 75%; Preferably, the covering thickness of the plant material is 0.6 to 1.2 cm, and when the target plant is planted on the surface of the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material after planting is 1 to 4 cm deep, and after 4 to 8 days, the water content of the plant material is maintained at a water depth of 2 to 5 cm or less; when the target plant is planted within the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained at a water depth of 1 to 3 cm or less, and after 4 to 8 days, the water content of the plant material is maintained at a water depth of 2 to 5 cm or less; the above method can achieve complete control of weeds and the survival rate of the planted target plant is ≥ 90%.

[0092] Furthermore, the period within one day prior to planting the target plant is marked as the period immediately before planting the crop, and the moisture content of the plant material during the period immediately before planting the crop is adjusted to suit the growth of the target plant.

[0093] Furthermore, once the target plant is planted within the plant material layer, the plant material is covered in two stages, with the first stage covering 30% or more of the entire plant material; preferably, the first stage covering 50% or more of the entire plant material; preferably, the first stage covering 70% or more of the entire plant material; preferably, the first stage covering 80% or more of the entire plant material; preferably, the first stage covering 90% or more of the entire plant material.

[0094] Furthermore, the types of target plants described in this invention are at least one selected from agricultural crops, fruit trees, cash crops, flowers, seedlings, forest trees, turf, and herbal medicines; preferably, rice (Oryza sativa L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), corn (Zea mays L.), soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), sweet potatoes (Dioscorea esculenta (Lour.) Burkill), cotton (Gossypium L.), flax (Linum usitatissimum L.), rapeseed (Brassica rapa var. oleifera de Candolle), peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.), bok choy (Brassica rapa var. chinensis (Linnaeus) Kitamura), radishes (Raphanus sativus L.), and mustard greens (Brassica Juncea var. tumida (Tsen & Lee), cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata Linnaeus), cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis Linnaeus), tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Miller), eggplant (Solanum melongena L.), bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata (Duch. ex Lam.) Duch. ex Poiret), winter melon (Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn.), European grape (Vitis vinifera L.), pear (Pyrus L.), mandarin orange (Citrus reticulata Blanco), apple (Malus pumila Mill.), peach (Amygdalus persica L.), Japanese rose (Rosa rugosa Thunb.), Phalaenopsis orchid Aphrodite HG Reichenbach, Cymbidium Sw.It is one or more of the following: ), Osmanthus fragrans (Thunb.) Loureiro, Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Presl, Pinus L., Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook., Zoysia matrella (L.) Merr., Lonicera japonica Thunb., Corydalis yanhusuo WT Wang, or Fritillaria cirrhosa D. Don.

[0095] Furthermore, the weeds described in this invention are at least one selected from the Poaceae family, Cyperaceae family, and broadleaf weeds; preferably, the Poaceae weeds include Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop., Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv., Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn., Leptochloa chinensis (L.) Nees, Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv., Echinochloa crus-galli var. mitis (Pursh) Petermann, Echinochloa crus-galli var. zelayensis (Kunth) Hitchcock, Echinochloa caudata Roshev., Echinochloa colona (Linnaeus) Link, and Echinochloa oryzoides. (Ard.) Flritsch., including Echinochloa crus-galli var. austrojaponensis Ohwi; Preferably, the aforementioned sedge weeds are one or more selected from Cyperus rotundus L., Cyperus difformis L., Fimbristylis littoralis Grandich, Cyperus iria L., Schoenoplectus triqueter (Linnaeus) Palla, Bolboschoenus planiculmis (F. Schmidt) TV Egorova, Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (CC Gmelin) Palla, Eleocharis yokoscensis (Franchet & Savatier) Tang & FT Wang, and Schoenoplectus wallichii (Nees) T. Koyama; Preferably, the broadleaf weeds mentioned above include Acalypha australis L., Amaranthus retroflexus L., Chenopodium album L., Commelina communis L., Ammannia auriculata Willdenow, Ammannia multiflora Roxb., Ammannia coccinea Rottboll, Ammannia baccifera L., Ludwigia prostrata Roxb., Ludwigia adscendens (L.) Hara, Rotala indica (Willd.) Koehne, and Rotala rotundifolia. One or more of the following may be selected: (Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb.) Koehne), Lindernia procumbens (Krock.) Borbas, Monochoria vaginalis (Burm. F.) Presl ex Kunth, Sagittaria pygmaea Miq., Eclipta prostrata (L.) L., Monochoria korsakowii Regel et Maack, Mazus pumilus (NL Burman) Steenis, Murdannia triquetra (Wall. ex CB Clarke) Bruckn., Potamogeton distinctus A. Bennett, Marsilea quadrifolia L. Sp., and Sagittaria trifolia L.; The planting location for the target plants provided in this invention is one or more of the following: farmland, forest land, park, green space, uncultivated land, airport, pier, bus stop, train station, residential area, stadium, farm, on top of a building, container, body of water, or air.

[0096] Unlike conventional techniques, the present invention simultaneously controls weeds and plants target plants by first placing plant material and then planting the target plants, making it more effective at weed control than conventional techniques. One characteristic of weeds is that a large amount of weed seeds accumulate in the soil of farmland over many years, creating a so-called "seed bank" in the soil. When exposed soil and suitable conditions of temperature, water, and light are met, weed seeds germinate and grow. However, most weeds emerge one after another, and germination continues for a long period, making control extremely difficult. The present invention solves the problems of conventional techniques by precisely controlling the synergistic effects of the plant material layer, the water content at specific periods (covering period, the period immediately before planting crops, and after planting), and especially different planting methods for different target plants, thereby simultaneously ensuring low cost, weed control, and a high survival rate of planted target plants. Firstly, the present invention allows the ground surface to be immediately covered with plant material (preferably waste such as straw from the previous crop of the target plant) at the time of harvest, after harvest, or after land preparation to create shade, minimizing exposure of weed seeds to light, avoiding the disruption of dormancy, reducing the number of weeds to sprout, and inhibiting photosynthesis in sprouted weeds. Secondly, the present invention allows the weakest weeds in the early stages of sprouting to be covered with plant material, resulting in a superior weed suppression effect. Furthermore, since the target plants have not yet been planted at the time the plant material is applied, the above work does not cause any safety problems for the target plants that will be planted afterward. Traditionally, the appropriate time for covering with straw is 4 to 6 days after direct sowing of rice, at which point aggressive weeds such as barnyard grass have already sprouted, exceeding 2 cm in height and becoming uncontrollable (Figures 5 and 6). The present invention is completely different from the conventional operating method, fundamentally breaking the routine and significantly improving the weed control effect and the survival rate of the target plants.

[0097] This invention cleverly utilizes the overall synergistic effect of plant material and water content during specific periods (covering period, period immediately before planting, and after planting) to further improve weed control effectiveness while avoiding adverse effects on the target plants. This invention eliminates the need to dry the plant material before covering, and requires the addition of water during the covering period, ensuring the plant material absorbs water to its maximum extent, resulting in a waterlogged or submerged state. The weight of dried rapeseed straw can reach almost six times its original weight after absorbing water (Table 4, Figure 24B), significantly improving the gravitational effect of the plant material on weeds after water absorption, making it more difficult for weeds to be pushed upwards from the plant material covering layer. Furthermore, after water absorption, the plant material becomes more compact, with smaller gaps and improved shading, allowing for more effective suppression of weed germination and growth. Furthermore, weed seeds require oxygen for germination, and when submerged, the oxygen concentration around the weed seeds decreases, inhibiting their emergence (Figure 20, Figure B in Figure 25, Figure B in Figure 26). After a period of covering, the weeds die or become harmless. On the other hand, for the target plants, the appropriate moisture content of the plant material layer is precisely controlled during the period immediately before planting and after planting, adapting to the growth of the target plants and avoiding adverse effects. However, in the prior art, the plant material must be dried and cut before covering, and the first period after covering is a crucial time for weed germination. In order to ensure the safety of the target plants, there must be no water layer, so the above advantages are almost nonexistent (Figures 5 and 6). Therefore, the present invention breaks the technical bias of the prior art that the plant material must be dried and that it must be planted after direct sowing.

[0098] The present invention has the following remarkable technical effects: This invention innovatively identifies and utilizes the combined effect of steric obstruction, where the target plant is above and the weeds are below, to control weeds. For example, when planting the target plant after covering a field with plant material, the target plant of this invention is planted in the plant material layer, and the weed seeds are in the carrier (soil) below, resulting in the following synergistic effects: First, the target plant is an object pressed against the "head" of the weeds, and its gravity is a resistance that the weeds must overcome in order to grow upward; second, the stems and leaves of the target plant not only provide shade, but the far-red light of sunlight not absorbed by the target plant above may inhibit the germination of weed seeds; and third, after the target plant has grown, its large and dense root system forms another barrier, preventing weeds from germinating and growing upward later, thus having the effect of gravity suppression and light blocking (Figure 2). Fourth, the root systems of the target plants rapidly penetrate the plant material layer and enter the soil. For example, rice has more than five roots six days after sowing (Figures 19A and 2). These roots firmly anchor the plant material layer to the soil surface like nails and make the plant material layer more compact (Figures 2 and 21). Therefore, the resistance that weeds must overcome to grow upward far exceeds the weight of the plant material itself. As target plants such as rice grow rapidly, their weight increases rapidly, and the shading effect of the stems and leaves also increases, resulting in more and deeper "nails" and a stronger overall weed suppression effect. On the other hand, it was unexpectedly found that in the target plants, more roots grew when rice seeds were planted on the surface of the plant material layer than when planted on the soil surface (Figure 19A). Furthermore, it was found that even without supplemental plant nutrients, the root system of rice could penetrate to a certain thickness of the plant material layer, reach the underlying carrier layer (soil, etc.), and grow normally (Figures 2 and 4). Further experiments confirmed for the first time that seeds of more than 20 target plants could survive and grow normally after being planted on the surface of various types of plant material layers. Therefore, by controlling the specific thickness of the plant material layer, it is possible to effectively control the weeds below and miraculously allow the target plants to grow above, skillfully achieving two highly meaningful objectives simultaneously.Normally, weed seeds are mostly on the soil surface, but in conventional planting methods, the seeds of the target plant and weeds are basically at the same level in the soil. Seeds such as corn and soybeans are sown 3-6 cm below the surface, beneath the weed seeds. Therefore, the above advantages do not exist in conventional techniques.

[0099] One of the remarkable advantages of this invention is its groundbreaking discovery and utilization of the combined effect of steric obstruction, where the target plant is above and the weeds are below, in order to control weeds. For example, when planting the target plant after covering a field with plant material, the target plant of this invention is planted in the plant material layer, and the weed seeds are in the carrier (soil) below the plant material. The combined effect that is generated is as follows: First, the target plant is an object pressed against the "head" of the weeds, and its gravity is a resistance that the weeds must overcome in order to grow upwards; second, the stems and leaves of the target plant not only provide shade, but the far-red light of sunlight not absorbed by the target plant above may inhibit the germination of weed seeds; and third, after the target plant has grown, its large and dense root system forms another barrier, preventing weeds from germinating and growing upwards later, thus having the effect of gravity suppression and light blocking (Figure 2). Fourth, the root systems of the target plants rapidly penetrate the plant material layer and enter the soil; for example, rice has more than five roots six days after sowing (Figures 19A and 2). These roots firmly anchor the plant material layer to the soil surface like nails and make the plant material layer more compact (Figures 2 and 21). Therefore, the resistance that weeds must overcome to grow upward far exceeds the weight of the plant material itself. As target plants such as rice grow rapidly, their weight increases rapidly, and the shading effect of the stems and leaves also increases, resulting in more and deeper "nails" and a stronger overall weed suppression effect. On the other hand, it was unexpectedly found that in the target plants, more roots grew when rice seeds were planted on the surface of the plant material layer than when planted on the soil surface (Figure 19A). Furthermore, it was found that even without supplemental plant nutrients, the root system of rice could penetrate to a certain thickness of the plant material layer, reach the underlying carrier layer (soil, etc.), and grow normally (Figures 2 and 4). Further experiments confirmed for the first time that seeds of more than 20 target plants could survive and grow normally after being planted on the surface of various types of plant material layers. Therefore, by controlling the specific thickness of the plant material layer, it is possible to effectively control the weeds below and miraculously allow the target plants to grow above, skillfully achieving two highly meaningful objectives simultaneously.Normally, weed seeds are mostly on the soil surface, but in conventional planting methods, the seeds of the target plant and weeds are basically at the same level in the soil. Seeds such as corn and soybeans are sown 3-6 cm below the surface, beneath the weed seeds. Therefore, the above advantages do not exist in conventional techniques.

[0100] One of the remarkable advantages of this invention is that it simplifies agricultural work, saves time, significantly reduces labor costs, and drastically reduces energy consumption. According to this invention, steps such as tilling and drying plant materials during planting can be reduced. On the other hand, after harvesting the target plants, the ability to cover the ground with plant materials such as straw without tilling, add water, and then plant the target plants is a major technological innovation in light plant cultivation. The cultivation of heavy and time-consuming crops is greatly simplified, and the manpower and material resources in the steps of straw removal, tilling, land preparation, straw drying, bagging, and transportation in the prior art are greatly reduced, saving a great deal of time and making the most of the precious plant growing season. In addition, energy consumption in the steps of straw transport, tilling, land preparation, straw drying, and transportation in the prior art is greatly reduced. The harvesting, crushing, and spreading of plant materials can be completed in a single step using machinery (such as harvesters), further significantly improving efficiency and representing a future development direction for the deep integration of green planting technology and mechanization (Table 10).

[0101] One of the notable advantages of this invention is that it provides powerful technical support for controlling herbicide-resistant weeds, which have become widespread and a major problem. Weed control in Chinese farmland has long relied primarily on pesticides, but the development of new drugs is extremely difficult. In recent years, herbicide-resistant weeds have developed rapidly, making it difficult to implement effective control measures applicable on a large scale, and in some areas, food loss has become a serious issue. This invention can effectively control herbicide-resistant weeds and delay their emergence.

[0102] One of the remarkable advantages of this invention is that it can significantly reduce the amount of chemicals used, improve the quality of agricultural products, recycle plant materials, and improve the ecological environment. Currently, the increase and expansion of herbicide-resistant weeds has forced some farmers to increase the amount of herbicides they use, and the increased selective pressure accelerates the development of herbicide resistance. This vicious cycle makes it very difficult to reduce the amount of herbicides used. This invention has an ideal weed control effect, can significantly reduce or even eliminate the use of herbicides, and reduces pollution from chemical pesticides. Furthermore, as the plant materials of this invention decompose, it can improve soil fertility, reduce soil bulk density, increase soil organic matter content, and gradually reduce the amount of chemical fertilizers used. Therefore, significantly improving the quality of agricultural products and improving the ecological environment will have a major impact on the development of sustainable agriculture in China.

[0103] One of the remarkable advantages of the present invention is that it has an ideal weed control effect (Figures 20, 25B, and 26B), significantly improves the survival rate of target plants, increases the yield of agricultural products, and significantly increases profits. The weed control effect of the present invention is clearly superior to that of the prior art, and it avoids adverse effects on target plants when spraying plant materials and watering, thereby increasing the yield of target plants and significantly increasing income.

[0104] One of the notable advantages of the present invention is that by first placing plant material and then planting the target plant, it is more effective at weed control than conventional techniques. One characteristic of weeds is that a large amount of weed seeds accumulate in the soil of farmland over many years, creating a so-called "seed bank" in the soil. When exposed soil and suitable conditions of temperature, water, and light are met, the weed seeds germinate and grow. However, most weeds germinate one after another, and germination continues for a long period, making it very difficult to control. One advantage of the present invention is that, at the time of harvesting the target plant, after harvesting, or after land preparation, the ground surface can be immediately covered with plant material (preferably waste such as straw from the previous crop of the target plant) to create shade, minimizing exposure of weed seeds to light, avoiding the breaking of dormancy, reducing the number of weeds that germinate, and inhibiting photosynthesis in germinated weeds. Another advantage of the present invention is that the weakest weeds in the early stages of germination can be covered with plant material, resulting in a superior weed suppression effect. Furthermore, since the target plants have not yet been planted when the plant material is applied, the above procedure does not pose a safety risk to the target plants that will be planted later. Traditionally, the appropriate time for covering with straw is 4 to 7 days after direct sowing of rice, at which point harmful weeds such as barnyard grass have already sprouted, growing to over 2 cm in height and becoming uncontrollable (Figures 5-7). This invention is completely different from the conventional operating method, fundamentally breaking the routine and significantly improving the weed control effect and the survival rate of target plants.

[0105] One of the notable advantages of the present invention is that it cleverly utilizes the synergistic weed control effect of plant material and water to further improve the weed control effect while avoiding adverse effects on the target plants. In this invention, there is no need to dry the plant material when covering it, and water must be added during the covering period, so that the plant material absorbs water to the maximum extent and becomes submerged or waterlogged. The weight of dried rapeseed straw can reach almost six times its original weight after absorbing water (Table 4, Figure 24B), and the gravity-reducing effect of the plant material on weeds after water absorption is greatly improved, making it more difficult for weeds to be pushed upward from the plant material covering layer. Furthermore, after absorbing water, the plant material becomes more compact, the gaps become smaller, the light-blocking effect is improved, and weed germination and growth can be more effectively suppressed. Furthermore, weed seeds require oxygen for germination, and when submerged, the oxygen concentration around the weed seeds decreases, inhibiting their emergence (Figures 20, 25B, and 26B). After a certain period of covering, the weeds die or become harmless. On the other hand, for the target plants, the appropriate moisture content of the plant material layer is precisely controlled during the period immediately before planting and after planting, adapting to the growth of the target plants and avoiding adverse effects. However, in the prior art, it is necessary to dry and cut the plant material before covering, and the first period after covering is a crucial time for weed germination. In order to ensure the safety of the target plants, there must be no water layer, so the above advantages are almost nonexistent (Figures 5 and 6). Therefore, the present invention breaks the technical prejudice of the prior art that plant material must be dried. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0106] [Figure 1] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of various methods for planting target plants and controlling weeds using plant materials. Plant material is placed on the surface of a carrier (such as soil) (A); the reproductive organs and seedlings of the target plant are planted on the surface of the plant material (B); and after a certain period of time, the target plant grows well and the weed control effect is good (C). [Figure 2] Figure 2 is a photograph of the reproductive organs of the target plant planted on the surface of the plant material layer. [Figure 3]Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the reproductive organs and seedlings of the target plant planted within a layer of plant material. (A) Plant material is placed on the surface of a carrier (such as soil); (B) The reproductive organs and seedlings of the target plant are planted within the layer of plant material; (C) After a certain period, the target plant grows well and the weed control effect is good. [Figure 4] Figure 4 is a photograph of the reproductive organs of the target plant planted within a layer of plant material. [Figure 5] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a conventional method of controlling weeds by covering fields with rapeseed straw. After the target plants and weeds have emerged (A), a mixture of crushed dried rapeseed straw or rapeseed pods is sprayed (B). After a certain period, the growth of the target plants is affected to some extent, and the weed control effect becomes limited (C). [Figure 6] Figure 6 is a photograph of a conventional method of weed control in rice paddies using rapeseed straw (after planting rice in a carrier, it is covered with rapeseed straw). [Figure 7] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of a conventional technique in which straw cut by machine is covered and returned to the field for direct sowing. The straw is cut into long stems by machine and returned to cover the field (A); seeds of the target plant are sown directly into the soil layer using a seeding machine (B); after a certain period of time, the growth of the target plant is affected to some extent, and because the straw is too long and there is no water layer, the weed control effect is not fully realized (C). [Figure 8] Figure 8 shows photographs of numerous weeds that grow after conventional rice is directly sown using the prior art method. [Figure 9] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the shape of plant materials used for planting target plants and weed control. [Figure 10] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the initial stem-root differentiation point and stem base point of the target plant, and the height of the initial stem-root differentiation point and stem base point of the plant, under different planting methods, where the reproductive organs of the target plant are planted on the surface of the plant material layer (A, B); the reproductive organs of the target plant are planted within the plant material layer (C); seedlings of the target plant are planted on the surface of the plant material layer (D); and conventional target plants from prior art are planted on the surface of a carrier (soil, etc.) (E). [Figure 11]Figure 11 is a photograph of the early stem-root differentiation point of a rice seedling grown on the surface of a rapeseed straw material layer. [Figure 12] Figure 12 is a photograph of the early stem-root differentiation point of a seedling grown on the surface of a rapeseed straw material layer of wheat seeds. [Figure 13] Figure 13 is a photograph of the early stem-root differentiation point of a seedling grown on the surface of a rapeseed straw material layer containing rapeseed seeds. [Figure 14] Figure 14 is a photograph of the early stem-root differentiation point of a corn seedling grown on the surface of a wheat straw material layer. [Figure 15] Figure 15 is a photograph of the early stem-root differentiation point of a cucumber seedling grown on the surface of a wheat straw material layer. [Figure 16] Figure 16 is a photograph of the early stem-root differentiation point of a seedling grown on the surface of a soybean straw material layer of soybean seeds. [Figure 17] Figure 17 shows photographs of the early stem-root differentiation point and stem base of rice. [Figure 18] Figure 18 is a schematic diagram of plant species with different root growth methods (Figure A shows plants whose root systems grow concentrated at the base of the stem; Figure B shows plant species with roots growing in two or more places on the stem; Figure C shows creeping plants and climbing plants; Figure D shows plant species without a distinct stem). [Figure 19] Figure 19 is a comparison of rice seedlings planted using the present invention and conventional methods. In the present invention, the soil surface is covered with rapeseed straw (the length of the straw is approximately 0.2 cm and the thickness is 1.08 cm), and three days later, rice is sown directly. In the rice seedlings grown in six days, the root system of the rice is visible to the naked eye (A). However, in the prior art, rice is sown directly, covered with rapeseed straw (the length of the straw is approximately 1 cm and the thickness is 1.08 cm) three days later, and in the rice seedlings grown in six days, more than 95% of the root system of the rice is not visible to the naked eye (B). [Figure 20]Figure 20 shows a comparison of the rice seedling and weed control effects of the present invention and conventional methods. Rice sown directly into conventional soil grew for 15 days, with many weeds (A); rice sown directly after covering the surface of the soil with rapeseed straw (straw length approximately 0.2 cm, thickness 1.08 cm) grew for 15 days, the rice grew normally, and the weed suppression effect was ideal (B). [Figure 21] Figure 21 shows the growth and rooting of rice on rapeseed straw according to the present invention. The surface of the substrate was covered with rapeseed straw (approximately 1 cm long and 1.08 cm thick), and rice was sown directly. After 15 days of normal growth, the root system of the rice penetrated the straw and reached the substrate layer (the above-ground parts of the rice were cut off for observation by artificially removing the straw). [Figure 22] Figure 22 is a schematic diagram showing the control effects of different amounts of rapeseed straw mixtures on five weeds in the absence of a water layer. [Figure 23] Figure 23 is a schematic diagram of barnyard grass germination after sowing. [Figure 24] Figure 24 is a photograph of a field experiment showing the relative positions of rice seeds when rice is directly sown using the present invention and the prior art (A: Rice seeds are sown in the soil using the prior art; B: Rice seeds are sown on the surface of the plant material layer using the present invention). [Figure 25] Figure 25 shows photographs of a field trial demonstrating the weed control effect and rice safety of the present invention (A: Conventional rice seeds were sown in the soil for 20 days without weed control, resulting in many weeds; B: Rice seeds of the present invention were sown on the surface of a plant material layer (corn straw, approximately 1 cm long and 0.84 cm thick) for 20 days, completely suppressing weed damage and allowing the rice to grow well). [Figure 26] Figure 26 shows photographs of a field trial demonstrating the weed control effect and rice safety of the present invention (A: Conventional rice seeds were sown in the soil for 50 days without weed control, resulting in severe weed damage; B: Rice seeds of the present invention were sown on the surface of a plant material layer (corn straw, approximately 1 cm long and 0.84 cm thick) for 50 days, completely suppressing weed damage and allowing the rice to grow well). [Figure 27]Figure 27 is a photograph of the growth of rice plants four days after direct sowing using conventional methods. The growth of the rice plants four days after direct sowing using conventional methods is uneven (when plant material is applied, distorted growth and short seedlings tend to be overwhelmed). [Figure 28] Figure 28 is a schematic diagram showing the size of the plant material of the present invention. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0107] Specific Embodiments The present invention will be further described below in relation to specific embodiments, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the following examples, and any modifications and substitutions that are obvious to those skilled in the art will also fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0108] This invention provides a method for simultaneously achieving weed control and planting of target plants using plant materials. The method involves placing the plant material on the surface of a carrier (such as soil) (Figure 1A); planting the reproductive organs and seedlings of the target plant on or within the plant material layer (Figure 1B); and, after a certain period, the target plant grows well and weed control is effective (Figure 1C). Positional relationship: Bottom layer: carrier, Middle layer: plant material layer; the reproductive organs of the target plant or the root system of the seedling are located on or within the plant material layer. This invention emphasizes that the plant material does not need to be dried in the sun. In particular, it requires that the plant material reach a certain moisture content after placement, and that the moisture content of the plant material layer is high or relatively high before and after planting the target plant. This invention is the opposite of the conventional method, which requires shearing and drying the plant material as a necessary technical means to avoid overwhelming the target plant. Furthermore, the prior art requires the plant material to be applied in small amounts to avoid overwhelming the target plant. However, a negative effect of this is that weed growth is also protected to some extent (some weeds are not overwhelmed), thereby affecting the weed control effect. On the other hand, slow-growing or weak-growing target plants are affected by the gravity of the plant material layer, resulting in the death or inhibited growth of the target plants.

[0109] In a preferred embodiment, different thicknesses of the plant material layers are required to control different types of weeds. For example, to obtain a weed control effect of 95% or more against Euphorbia lathyris, Ammannia arenaria, Cyperus difformis, Ludwigia prostrata, etc., in an anhydrous layer, it is necessary to cover separately with a mixture of rapeseed straw and rapeseed pods, with a covering thickness of 0.72 cm (600 g / m²). 2 ), 0.84 cm (700 g / m²) 2 ), 0.96 cm (800 g / m²) 2 ), 1.08 cm (900 g / m²) 2 (Figure 22)

[0110] Furthermore, the target plant is planted within 1 to 12 months after the plant material layer is placed; preferably, the target plant is planted within 30 days after the plant material layer is placed; more preferably, the target plant is planted within 1 to 10 days after the plant material layer is placed.

[0111] Furthermore, in order to plant the target plants on and / or within the plant material layer, any of the following four methods may be used, or a combination thereof: Method 1: Plant material is placed in the carrier, the water content of the plant material is precisely controlled, and the reproductive organs of the target plant are planted on the surface of the plant material layer (see Figures 1, 2, and 10B); Method 2: Plant material is placed in the carrier, the water content of the plant material is precisely controlled, and seedlings of the target plant are planted on the surface of the plant material layer (see Figures 1 and 10D); Method 3: Plant material is placed in the carrier, the water content of the plant material is precisely controlled, and reproductive organs are planted within the layer of plant material (see Figures 3, 4, and 10C); Method 4: Plant material is placed in the carrier, the water content of the plant material is precisely controlled, and seedlings of the target plant are planted within the layer of plant material (see Figures 3 and 4); However, the height of the initial stem-root differentiation point of the target plant is 0.2 cm or more.

[0112] Furthermore, the sowing depth of the target plant is selected according to the size of the target plant's reproductive organs: when the longest side (D) of the reproductive organs is 0.2 cm or less, the sowing depth below the surface of the plant material layer is 3 cm or less; preferably, the sowing depth below the surface of the plant material layer is 1 cm or less; more preferably, the sowing depth below the surface of the plant material layer is 0.5 cm or less.

[0113] If the longest side of the aforementioned reproductive organ exceeds 0.2 cm but is 0.5 cm or less, the seeding depth below the surface of the plant material layer is 10 cm or less; preferably, the seeding depth below the surface of the plant material layer is 5 cm or less; more preferably, the seeding depth below the surface of the plant material layer is 3 cm or less.

[0114] If the longest side of the aforementioned reproductive organ exceeds 0.5 cm, the seeding depth below the surface of the plant material layer shall not exceed 12 cm; preferably, the seeding depth below the surface of the plant material layer shall not exceed 5 cm.

[0115] The specific technology and effects of the present invention will be described below with reference to specific examples and comparative examples.

[0116] Example 1: The plant material was cut into pieces with a longest side of 0.1 to 1 cm. In a paddy field where direct sowing was performed, the plant material was spread uniformly in a thickness of 0.7 to 2.0 cm all at once, 0 to 3 days after conventional land preparation. After that, the plant material was soaked in water. 1 to 3 days after covering with the plant material, the farmland was 666.7 m². 25-10 kg of urea and 40-80 kg of compound fertilizer (N+P2O5+K2O≧45%) were applied per unit area. The plant material was allowed to reach saturation water content immediately before planting the crops, and then rice seeds were sown on the surface of the plant material layer. After planting, the water content of the plant material was maintained at 70% of its saturation water content for 7 days until the plant material was permeated, and then normal management was carried out. The target plants grew normally, and the weed control effect was ideal.

[0117] Example 2: Plant material was cut into fragments 0.1-1 cm in length. In a paddy field with direct sowing, the dry weight was 400-900 g / m² 0-3 days after land preparation. 2 The equivalent amount of plant material was scattered uniformly in one go. After that, the plant material was soaked in water. One to three days after covering with the plant material, the farmland was covered with 666.7 m². 2 30-80 kg of compound fertilizer (N+P2O5+K2O≧45%) was applied per unit area, and the plant material was allowed to reach saturation water content immediately before planting the crops. Rice was then sown on the surface of the plant material layer by throwing seedlings. After planting, the water content of the plant material was maintained at 70% of its saturation water content for 5-15 days until the water layer depth was 5 cm or less, after which normal management was carried out. The target plants grew normally, and the weed control effect was ideal.

[0118] Example 3: Plant material was cut into fragments 0.1-1 cm in length. In dry rice paddies with direct sowing, the dry weight was 400-900 g / m² 0-3 days after soil preparation. 2 The equivalent amount of plant material was spread uniformly all at once. After covering with straw, watering or irrigation was performed several times a day to allow the straw to absorb and soak up the moisture. One to three days after covering with straw, the farmland of 666.7 m² 2 30-80 kg of compound fertilizer (N+P2O5+K2O≧45%) was applied per unit area, and the plant material was allowed to reach saturation water content immediately before planting the crops. Rice was then sown within the plant material layer. After planting, the water content of the plant material was maintained at 40%-100% of its saturation water content for 5-15 days, after which normal management was carried out. The target plants grew normally, and the weed control effect was ideal.

[0119] Example 4: In an area where rice is planted after rapeseed harvest, fresh rapeseed straw and weeds from the rapeseed field were cut to a length of 0.1-1 cm using a machine and directly and uniformly covered the surface of the original area during the rapeseed harvest. Next, the straw was soaked in water. After 1-3 days of covering with straw, the farmland of 666.7 m² was... 2 30-80 kg of compound fertilizer (N+P2O5+K2O≧45%) was applied per unit area, and the plant material was allowed to reach saturation water content immediately before planting the crops. Rice was then sown on the surface of the plant material layer. After planting, the water content of the plant material was maintained at 70% of its saturation water content for 7 days until the plant material was absorbed, and then normal management was carried out. The target plants grew normally, and the weed control effect was ideal.

[0120] Example 5: In an area where rice is planted after rapeseed harvest, fresh rapeseed straw and weeds from the rapeseed field were cut to a length of 0.1-1 cm by machine during the rapeseed harvest and directly and uniformly covered the surface of the original area. Next, the straw was soaked in water. After 1-3 days of covering with straw, the farmland of 666.7 m² was... 2 30-80 kg of compound fertilizer (N+P2O5+K2O≧45%) was applied per unit area, and the plant material was allowed to reach saturation water content just before planting the crops. Then, rice seeds were sown on the surface of the plant material layer. After planting, the water content of the plant material was maintained at 70% of its saturation water content for 7 days until the plant material was absorbed, and the sown rice field was covered with threshed rapeseed pods. After that, normal management was carried out. The target plants grew normally, and the weed control effect was ideal.

[0121] In Example 6, in an area where upland rice is planted after rapeseed harvest, fresh rapeseed straw and weeds from the rapeseed field were mechanically cut to a length of 0.1-1 cm and directly and uniformly covered the surface of the original area. After covering with straw, watering or irrigation was performed several times a day to allow the straw to absorb and permeate moisture. One to three days after covering with straw, the farmland of 666.7 m² 230-80 kg of compound fertilizer (N+P2O5+K2O≧45%) was applied per unit area, and the plant material was allowed to reach saturation water content immediately before planting the crops. Rice was then sown within the plant material layer. After planting, the water content of the plant material was maintained at 40%-100% of its saturation water content for 7 days, and the sown rice field was covered with threshed rapeseed pods. Normal management was then carried out. The target plants grew normally, and the weed control effect was ideal.

[0122] Example 7: In an area where rice is planted after rapeseed harvest, fresh rapeseed straw and weeds from the rapeseed field were cut to a length of 0.1-1 cm by machine during the rapeseed harvest and directly and uniformly covered the surface of the original area. Next, the straw was soaked in water. After 1-3 days of covering with straw, the farmland of 666.7 m² was... 2 30-80 kg of compound fertilizer (N+P2O5+K2O≧45%) was applied per unit area. The plant material was allowed to reach saturation water content immediately before planting the crops, and then rice seedlings were manually transplanted into the plant material layer. After planting, the water content of the plant material was maintained at 70% of its saturation water content for 5-15 days until the water layer depth was 5 cm or less, and the sown rice field was covered with threshed rapeseed pods. Normal management was then carried out. The target plants grew normally, and the weed control effect was ideal.

[0123] Example 8: In an area where rice is planted after rapeseed harvest, fresh rapeseed straw and weeds from the rapeseed field were cut to a length of 0.1-1 cm by machine during the rapeseed harvest and directly and uniformly covered the surface of the original area. Next, the straw was soaked in water. After 1-3 days of covering with straw, the farmland of 666.7 m² was... 2 30-80 kg of compound fertilizer (N+P2O5+K2O≧45%) was applied per unit area, and the plant material was allowed to reach saturation water content immediately before planting the crops. Rice was then sown on the surface of the plant material layer using a seedling-placing method. After planting, the water content of the plant material was maintained at 70% of its saturation water content for 5-15 days until the water layer depth was 5 cm or less. The sown rice field was covered with threshed rapeseed pods. Normal management was then carried out. The target plants grew normally, and the weed control effect was ideal.

[0124] In Example 9, in an area where rice is planted after rapeseed harvest, fresh rapeseed straw and weeds from the rapeseed field were mechanically cut to a length of 0.1-1 cm and directly and uniformly covered the surface of the original area during the rapeseed harvest. Next, the straw was soaked in water. After 1-3 days of covering with straw, the farmland of 666.7 m² was... 2 30-80 kg of compound fertilizer (N+P2O5+K2O≧45%) was applied per unit area, and the plant material was allowed to reach saturation water content immediately before planting the target plants. Rice was then sown on the surface of the plant material layer by throwing seedlings. After planting, the water content of the plant material was maintained at 70% of its saturation water content, with the water layer depth being 5 cm or less, for 7 days. The sown rice field was then covered with threshed rapeseed pods. Normal management was carried out thereafter. The target plants grew normally, and the weed control effect was ideal.

[0125] Example 10: When harvesting rapeseed, fresh rapeseed straw and weeds from the rapeseed field were mechanically cut to a length of 0.1-1 cm and directly and uniformly covered the ground surface. Next, the straw was soaked in water. 1-7 days after covering with straw, the farmland was 666.7 m². 2 30-80 kg of compound fertilizer (N+P2O5+K2O≧45%) was applied per unit area, and the plant material was allowed to reach saturation water content immediately before planting the target plants. Corn seeds were then sown within the plant material layer. After planting, the water content of the plant material was maintained at 30%-90% of its saturation water content for 7 days, after which normal management was carried out. The target plants grew normally, and the weed control effect was ideal.

[0126] Example 11: When harvesting rapeseed, fresh rapeseed straw and weeds from the rapeseed field were mechanically cut to a length of 0.1-1 cm and directly and uniformly covered the ground surface. Next, the straw was soaked in water. 1-7 days after covering with straw, the farmland was 666.7 m². 2 30-80 kg of compound fertilizer (N+P2O5+K2O≧45%) was applied per unit area, and the plant material was allowed to reach saturation water content immediately before planting the target plants. Soybean seeds were then sown within the plant material layer. After planting, the water content of the plant material was maintained at 30%-90% of its saturation water content for 5-15 days, after which normal management was carried out. The target plants grew normally, and the weed control effect was ideal.

[0127] Example 12: When harvesting rapeseed, fresh rapeseed straw and weeds from the rapeseed field were mechanically cut to a length of 0.1-1 cm and directly and uniformly covered the ground surface. Next, the straw was soaked in water. After 1-7 days of covering with straw, the farmland was 666.7 m². 2 30-80 kg of compound fertilizer (N+P2O5+K2O≧45%) was applied per unit area, and the plant material was allowed to reach saturation water content immediately before planting the target plants. Then, bok choy seeds were sown on the surface of the plant material layer. After planting, the water content of the plant material was maintained at 40%-100% of its saturation water content for 5-15 days, after which normal management was carried out. The target plants grew normally, and the weed control effect was ideal.

[0128] Example 13: When harvesting rapeseed, fresh rapeseed straw and weeds from the rapeseed field were mechanically cut to a length of 0.1-1 cm and directly and uniformly covered the ground surface. Next, the straw was soaked in water. 1-7 days after covering with straw, the farmland was 666.7 m². 2 30-80 kg of compound fertilizer (N+P2O5+K2O≧45%) was applied per unit area, and the plant material was allowed to reach saturation water content immediately before planting the target plants. Grape seedlings were then sown within the plant material layer. After planting, the water content of the plant material was maintained at 30%-100% of its saturation water content for 5-15 days, after which normal management was carried out. The target plants grew normally, and the weed control effect was ideal.

[0129] Example 14: When harvesting rapeseed, fresh rapeseed straw and weeds from the rapeseed field were mechanically cut to a length of 0.1-1 cm and directly and uniformly covered the ground surface. Next, the straw was soaked in water. 1-7 days after covering with straw, the farmland was 666.7 m². 2 30-80 kg of compound fertilizer (N+P2O5+K2O≧45%) was applied, and the plant material was allowed to reach saturation water content immediately before planting the target plants. Then, the Cymbidium goeringii seedlings were sown within the plant material layer. After planting, the water content of the plant material was maintained at 30%-100% of its saturation water content for 5-15 days, after which normal management was carried out. The target plants grew normally, and the weed control effect was ideal.

[0130] Example 15: When harvesting rapeseed, fresh rapeseed straw and weeds from the rapeseed field were mechanically cut to a length of 0.1-1 cm and directly and uniformly covered the ground surface. Next, the straw was soaked in water. 1-7 days after covering with straw, the farmland was 666.7 m². 2 30-80 kg of compound fertilizer (N+P2O5+K2O≧45%) was applied per unit area, and the plant material was brought to saturation water content immediately before planting the target plants. Then, seeds of the Chinese herbal medicine Corydalis yanhusuo were sown within the plant material layer. After planting, the water content of the plant material was maintained at 30%-90% of its saturation water content for 5-15 days, after which normal management was carried out. The target plants grew normally, and the weed control effect was ideal.

[0131] Example 16: When harvesting rapeseed, fresh rapeseed straw and weeds from the rapeseed field were mechanically cut to a length of 0.1-1 cm and directly and uniformly covered the ground surface. Next, the straw was soaked in water. 1-7 days after covering with straw, the farmland was 666.7 m². 2 30-80 kg of compound fertilizer (N+P2O5+K2O≧45%) was applied per unit area, and the plant material was allowed to reach saturation water content in the period immediately before planting the target plants. Then, Manila grass seedlings were sown on the surface of the plant material layer. After planting, the water content of the plant material was maintained at 50%-100% of its saturation water content for 5-15 days, after which normal management was carried out.

[0132] In Example 17, corn straw was cut into pieces 0.1 to 1 cm in length. Corn straw equivalent to 1.0 kg dry weight was uniformly mixed with 50 to 300 g of compound fertilizer (N + P2O5 + K2O ≥ 45%), placed in a container, and water was added to soak the straw. The plant material was allowed to reach saturation water content in the period immediately before planting the target plants, and then jasmine seedlings were planted in the plant material layer. After planting, the water content of the plant material was maintained at 30% to 90% of its saturation water content for 7 days. After that, normal management was carried out. The target plants grew normally.

[0133] Example 18: Corn straw, used as plant material, was cut into pieces 0.1-1 cm in length. Corn straw equivalent to 10.0 kg dry weight was uniformly mixed with 0.50-3 kg of compound fertilizer (N+P2O5+K2O≧45%). First, soil was laid on the roof, the straw was placed on top, and water was added to moisten the straw. The plant material was allowed to reach saturation moisture content in the period immediately before planting the target plants, then grass was planted on the surface of the plant material layer, and the moisture content of the plant material after planting was maintained at 40%-100% of its saturation moisture content for 7 days. After that, normal management was carried out. The target plants grew normally.

[0134] Example 19: After the wheat harvest, base fertilizer was applied according to the usual method. Field weeds were cut to a length of 1-3 cm by machine and spread on the field. Fresh wheat straw was then directly and evenly covered the surface of the original area without being cut. The wheat straw was basically arranged parallel to each other, avoiding arranging it lengthwise or widthwise, and it was better to arrange it tightly. Next, the straw was soaked in water. After covering with straw, the plant material was allowed to reach a saturated water content for 1-7 days, just before planting the target plants, and then rice seeds were sown on the surface of the plant material layer. After planting, the water content of the plant material was maintained at 70% of its saturated water content for 7 days until the plant material was permeated. Five days after planting the rice, the farmland was 666.7 m². 2 10-20 kg of urea was applied per unit area, followed by normal management. The target plants grew normally, and the weed control effect was ideal.

[0135] In Example 20, after harvesting the rice, base fertilizer was applied according to the usual method, weeds in the field were cut to a length of 1-3 cm by machine and spread on the field, and fresh rice straw was directly and uniformly covered the surface of the original area without cutting it. The rice straw was basically arranged in parallel, avoiding arranging it lengthwise and widthwise, and it was better to arrange it tightly. Next, the straw was soaked in water. After covering with straw for 5-15 days, the plant material was allowed to reach its saturation water content just before planting the target plant, and then rice seeds were sown on the surface of the plant material layer. After planting, the water content of the plant material was maintained at 70% of its saturation water content for 7 days until the plant material was permeated. Five days after planting the rice, the farmland was 666.7 m². 2 10-20 kg of urea was applied per unit area, followed by normal management. The target plants grew normally, and the weed control effect was ideal.

[0136] Example 21: After harvesting the rice, base fertilizer was applied according to the usual method. Weeds in the field were cut to a length of 1-3 cm by machine and spread on the field. Fresh rice straw was then directly and uniformly covered the surface of the original area without being cut. The rice straw was basically arranged parallel to each other, avoiding arranging it lengthwise or widthwise, and it was better to arrange it tightly. Next, the straw was soaked in water. After covering with straw, the plant material was allowed to reach saturation water content for 5-15 days, just before planting the target plants, and then rapeseed seeds were sown on the surface of the plant material layer. After planting, the water content of the plant material was maintained at 40%-100% of its saturation water content for 7 days. Five days after planting the rapeseed, the farmland was 666.7 m². 2 10-20 kg of urea was applied per unit area, followed by normal management. The target plants grew normally, and the weed control effect was ideal.

[0137] Example 22: After harvesting corn, base fertilizer was applied according to the usual method. Field weeds were cut to a length of 1-3 cm by machine and spread on the field. Fresh corn straw was then directly and evenly covered the surface of the original area without being cut. The corn straw was basically arranged parallel to each other, avoiding arranging it lengthwise or widthwise, and it was better to arrange it tightly. Next, the straw was soaked in water. After covering with straw, the plant material was allowed to reach saturation water content for 10-30 days, just before planting the target plants, and then rice seeds were sown on the surface of the plant material layer. After planting, the water content of the plant material was maintained at 70% of its saturation water content for 7 days until the plant material was permeated. Five days after planting the rice, the farmland was 666.7 m². 2 10-20 kg of urea was applied per unit area, followed by normal management. The target plants grew normally, and the weed control effect was ideal.

[0138] Example 23: Wheat straw was cut into pieces with the longest side measuring 0.1 to 4 cm. In a paddy field where direct sowing was performed, base fertilizer was applied according to the usual method, and on the day of conventional land preparation, a 0.9 cm thick layer of wheat straw was spread uniformly all at once. After that, the plant material was soaked in water. On the day the plant material was covered, the plant material was allowed to reach its saturation water content, and on the same day the plant material was covered, rice seeds were sown on the surface of the plant material layer. The water content of the plant material after planting was maintained at 70% of its saturation water content for 7 days until the plant material was permeated, and 5 days after planting the rice, the farmland was 666.7 m². 2 10-20 kg of urea was applied per unit area, followed by normal management. The target plants grew normally, and the weed control effect was ideal.

[0139] Examples 24-210 and Comparative Examples 1-6 Rapeseed straw was placed in different rice cultivation methods at different times, and the parameters corresponded to each other. As shown in Table 1, the present invention is used to show the relationship between the thickness of the plant material layer and parameters such as stem base point, early stem-root differentiation point, weed control effect, and survival rate.

[0140] Indicators and detection 1) When planting a target plant by its reproductive organs, it is visible to the naked eye that the initial stem-root differentiation point of the target plant is within or above the plant material layer before the plant material completely decomposes, and that the stem base point is within or above the plant material layer after the bud of the target plant emerges; 2) When planting the target plant by any of the following methods: seedling placement, seedling throwing, or seedling transplanting, the stem base of the target plant is visible to the naked eye within or above the plant material layer before the plant material completely decomposes.

[0141] 3) When planting the target plants, the target plants are visible to the naked eye to be on or within the plant material layer, while the reproductive organs of weeds are located below the plant material layer, creating a sandwich structure.

[0142] 4) After planting the target plant, when weeds emerge, the initial stem and root differentiation points of 95% of the weeds can be seen with the naked eye located beneath the plant material layer before the plant material completely decomposes.

[0143] 5) After planting the target plants, when the coverage thickness of the plant material reaches 0.9 cm and weeds emerge, the initial stem-root differentiation point of 95% of the target plants is visible to the naked eye to be at least 0.5 cm higher than the initial stem-root differentiation point of the weeds, and / or within 25 days after planting the target plants, the stem base of 95% of the target plants is visible to the naked eye to be at least 0.8 cm higher than the stem base of the weeds.

[0144] 6) When the covering thickness of the plant material reaches 0.9 cm, at the end of the uniform covering of the plant material, 95% of the carrier area is covered by the plant material, and the carrier (soil, etc.) is visible to the naked eye.

[0145] [Table 1A]

[0146] [Table 1B]

[0147] [Table 1C]

[0148] Note 1: The main weeds in the seven rice paddies tested included barnyard grass, Euphorbia lathyris, Cyperus difformis, Cyperus iria L., Ammannia arenaria, Ludwigia prostrata, and Eclipta prostrata.

[0149] Note 2: The pot experiments were conducted under natural light conditions in a greenhouse. The carrier was soil, the plant material was dried rapeseed straw with an average length of 1 cm, and weed seeds were scattered on the soil surface. In Examples 24 to 38, rice was planted after the plant material was placed. However, in the direct sowing method, the water content was always maintained from 100% of the saturated water content after placing the plant material, before planting, and after planting, until the plant material was absorbed. In the transplanting and seedling throwing method, the water content was always maintained from 100% of the saturated water content before planting and after planting, until the water layer depth was 2 cm or less. Comparative Examples 1 to 6 all referred to the conditions of Chinese Patent CN106342612A. First, rice was planted, then the plant material was scattered, and the water content of the plant material after scattering was not controlled. However, when the direct sowing method was adopted, there was no water layer on the soil surface within 8 days after direct sowing of rice. When using the transplanting method, a water layer of approximately 2 cm was maintained after planting the rice. DAS: Days after planting. The survival rate of the target plants and the weed control effect were investigated 21 days after planting.

[0150] The difference between the present invention and the prior art is, 1. Unlike the prior art, which requires drying the plant material in the sun, not controlling its moisture content after placement, and requiring a drying step in the preparation process, the present invention offers a technical suggestion that is completely opposite to the prior art; in other words, it is necessary to control the plant material to a high or relatively high moisture content after placement, and to control it before and after planting the target plant, rather than drying the plant material in the sun. 2. The method of applying the plant material is also different; in the present invention, the covering material can be concentrated and uniformly sprayed by pouring without the problem of overwhelming the target plants (such as rice seedlings), and the amount applied is preferably 0.1 to 12 cm, preferably 0.9 to 2 cm; the prior art employs spraying in small amounts, which does not allow for concentrated coverage by pouring, and involves first spraying between the rows of seedlings, then uniformly spraying the rice field to cover the soil surface without overwhelming the seedlings; 3. Different planting positions; the plant material layer must be present below the reproductive organs of the target plant of the present invention, preferably next to them, and more preferably above the reproductive organs, and planted on or inside the plant material layer; in the prior art, there is no plant material layer below the reproductive organs, and the plant material layer must be above the reproductive organs, and the required dosage is 300-1100 g / m². 2 It is planted beneath a layer of plant material; In the present invention, there is a layer of plant material below the initial stem-root differentiation point of the target plant, and the plant material is adjacent to the initial stem-root differentiation point of the plant; in the prior art, there is no layer of plant material below the initial stem-root differentiation point of the target plant, and the plant material is adjacent to the initial stem-root differentiation point of the plant.

[0151] 4. The relative timing of placing the plant material also differs. In this invention, the plant material is placed before planting the target plant, whereas in the conventional technique, the plant material is placed after planting the target plant.

[0152] Test Example 1: Effect of covering with rapeseed straw at different time points on suppressing barnyard grass. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse. A uniform mixture of peat, vermiculite, and perlite was prepared as the culture substrate, and rapeseed straw was mechanically crushed until the longest side was 1 cm. Plastic pots were 18 cm in diameter with three small holes at the bottom, and each pot was 3 cm deep. These pots were placed inside a larger square plastic pot, and water was added to the square pot until the water level was equal to the surface of the substrate in the smaller pots. 50 barnyard grass seeds were sown in the smaller pots, and the straw thickness was 0.84 cm (700 g / m²) on the day of sowing, and 1 and 2 days after sowing, respectively. 2 ) and 1.08 cm (900 g / m 2 A total of six covering treatments were performed, while the uncovered control (CK) had no straw covering and each treatment was repeated four times. Water was sprinkled every morning, noon, and evening to keep the straw moist, but there was no water layer; the number of germinated plants in each treatment was investigated 12 days after sowing the barnyard grass.

[0153] The results showed that the inhibitory effect of rapeseed straw covering on barnyard grass was greatly influenced by the covering time. Covering on the day of sowing provided the best inhibitory effect, with inhibition rates exceeding 92.47% at covering thicknesses of 0.84 cm and 1.08 cm (Table 2). As the covering time was delayed, the inhibitory effect significantly decreased. When covered with a thickness of 1.08 cm, the inhibition rate (DAS) on day 1 and day 2 after sowing decreased by 19.18% and 31.37%, respectively, compared to covering on the day of sowing. Furthermore, there was almost no difference in inhibition rates between the 0.84 cm and 1.08 cm covering thicknesses between the day of sowing and 1 DAS, but there was a significant difference of 12.18% between the two in the 2 DAS covering. The moisture content of the plant material is such that it remains moist through watering, but not soaked. Without a water layer, the weed control effect is limited.

[0154] [Table 2]

[0155] Note: The length of the covered rapeseed straw is 1 cm; DAS: Days after barnyard grass sowing; Data in the same column marked with different lowercase letters show a statistically significant difference (p ≤ 0.05), and data marked with different uppercase letters show a very significant difference (p ≤ 0.01).

[0156] Test Example 2: Suppression effect of rapeseed straw covering with different amounts of rapeseed straw on five types of weeds. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse. A uniform mixture of peat, vermiculite, and perlite was prepared as the culture substrate in a 3:1:1 ratio. Rapeseed straw and rapeseed pods were mechanically cut until the longest side was 1 cm, and then uniformly mixed in a 2.5:1 ratio. Plastic pots were 18 cm in diameter with three small holes in the bottom, and each pot was 3 cm deep. These were placed inside a large square plastic pot, and water was added to the square pot so that the water level was equal to the surface of the substrate in the pots. Five weeds—barnyard grass, Euphorbia lathyris, Ammannia arenaria, Ludwigia prostrata, and Cyperus difformis—were each subjected to a straw covering experiment. The weeds were treated with the covering one day after sowing, and the detailed test design is shown in Table 3. Each treatment was repeated four times. The weed seeds were sown mixed with fine sand, and after sowing, a mixture of rapeseed straw was evenly scattered according to the corresponding time, and the straw was moistened by watering without a water layer. The number of barnyard grass plants was surveyed 10 days after covering, the number of Euphorbia lathyris plants 20 days after covering, and the number of Ammannia arenaria, Ludwigia prostrata, and Cyperus difformis plants 30 days after covering.

[0157] [Table 3]

[0158] The results showed that under the following conditions for the moisture content of the plant material: when the plant material (straw) was kept moist by watering but not soaked and without a layer of water, in order to obtain a weed control effect of 95% or more against Euphorbia lathyris, Ammannia arenaria, Cyperus difformis, Ludwigia prostrata, etc., it was necessary to cover the mixture of rapeseed straw and rapeseed pods separately, with covering thicknesses of 0.72 cm, 0.84 cm, 0.96 cm, and 1.08 cm (Figure 22). However, under these moisture content conditions, the mixture with a covering thickness of 1.44 cm showed an 88.44% reduction in the number of barnyard grass plants.

[0159] Test Example 3: Weight change of rapeseed pods after water absorption and straw feeding. The tests were conducted under laboratory conditions of a temperature of 24°C to 28°C and an air humidity of 50% to 85%. As plant material that was substantially dried and ready for use, rapeseed straw and rapeseed pods with an average size of 1 cm or less were dried at 80°C for 8 hours. After that, 50 g of each sample was weighed, placed in a nylon mesh bag, and weighed (W1); the mesh bag was completely submerged in clean water, and the mesh bag was removed at different time intervals. The weight was weighed when no water was dripping from the mesh bag (W2), and the mesh bag was returned to the water. The weight of the rapeseed straw and rapeseed pods when immersed in water for different times is W = 50 + W2 - W1.

[0160] As a result, both rapeseed straw and rapeseed pods absorbed water quickly, becoming basically saturated after 48 hours of soaking. After 54 hours of soaking, the weights of the rapeseed straw and rapeseed pods were 5.95 times and 5.12 times, respectively, their dry weights (Table 4).

[0161] [Table 4]

[0162] The essential differences between the present invention and the prior art will be explained using the direct sowing method of rice seeds as an example (Table 5). Similarly, the essential differences between the present invention and the prior art will be explained using the method of planting rice seedlings as an example (Table 6).

[0163] [Table 5A]

[0164] [Table 5B]

[0165] [Table 6A]

[0166] [Table 6B]

[0167] Experiment 1: Small-scale field experiment planting rice using plant materials. Field trials were conducted in direct-sown rice paddies in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province. The rapeseed straw was dried and cut into pieces of 0.1-1 cm. After leveling the rice paddy, the water was drained, and on the day of leveling, the rapeseed straw was laid in 3.6 cm (300 g / m²) pieces. 2 ), 6.0cm (500g / m 2 ), 8.4cm (700g / m 2 ), 1.08cm (900g / m 2 The covering treatment was carried out with four different amounts of ). Next, the straw was wet with water. On the third day of the straw covering, the rice field was 666.7 m 2 Each treatment plot consisted of 10 kg of urea and 40 kg of compound fertilizer (containing N+P2O5+K2O), and germinated rice seeds were sown. No herbicides were used. Otherwise, the rice paddies were managed using conventional methods. Each treatment plot had an area of ​​12 m². 2The following five treatments were set up, and each treatment was repeated three times. The rice variety was Shusui 134, and the main targets of control were barnyard grass (Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv.), holly (Euphorbia lathyris), Ludwigia prostrata, Monochoria vaginalis, Sagittaria trifolia, Ammannia arenaria, Ammannia arearia, Cyperus difformis, water lichen, Dioscorea japonica, Lindernia procumbens, Eclipta prostrata, etc.

[0168] Process 1: Rapeseed straw (300g / m 2 Three days after covering it with ), rice was sown. Process 2, Rapeseed straw (500g / m 2 Three days after covering it with ), rice was sown.

[0169] Process 3, Rapeseed straw (700g / m 2 Three days after covering it with ), rice was sown. Process 4, Rapeseed straw (900g / m 2 Three days after covering it with ), rice was sown.

[0170] CK, blank contrast. Twenty days after sowing the rice, take three points on the diagonal of each plot, with the area of ​​each point being 0.25 m². 2 The sample size was set to (50 x 50 cm), and the number of rice plants was investigated.

[0171] Forty days after sowing, take three points on the diagonal of each plot, and the area of ​​each point is 0.25 m². 2 The area was set to (50 x 50 cm), and the number of remaining weeds and the fresh weight of the above-ground parts were investigated to calculate the control effect and the effect of suppressing fresh weight.

[0172] The specific results are shown in Tables 7 and 8. The results in Table 7 show that before direct sowing of rice, 300, 500, 700, and 900 g / m² were used. 2When rice seedlings were covered with rapeseed straw and examined 20 days after sowing, it was found that there was little effect on rice emergence, with the emergence rate being over 94.1% of the control. Covering with different amounts of rapeseed straw did not have any significant adverse effects on the height and tillering of the rice seedlings. This suggests that covering with rapeseed straw (300-900g / m²) before sowing may have had a significant negative impact. 2 It was shown that it is possible to cover the rice with this material, and that it is safe for rice germination and seedling growth.

[0173] The results in Table 8 show that before direct sowing of rice, 300, 500, 700, and 900 g / m² were used. 2 When rice paddies were covered with rapeseed straw and surveyed 40 days after sowing, it was found that the more rapeseed straw used, the greater the effect on controlling weeds in the rice paddies; 300, 500, 700, 900 g / m² 2 The treatment using rapeseed straw showed good weed control effects, with control rates of 80.9%, 90.3%, 97.3%, and 98.1% respectively, and control rates of 84.7%, 91.0%, 98.4%, and 98.9% respectively for fresh weight control. This indicates that covering rice paddies with rapeseed straw before direct sowing can effectively control weed damage.

[0174] [Table 7]

[0175] [Table 8]

[0176] To illustrate that the present invention can be applied to the above-mentioned target plants and control the above-mentioned weeds, a comparison table of the planting and weed control effects of 26 types of target plants carried out by the method of the present invention is shown below (Table 9).

[0177] [Table 9A]

[0178] [Table 9B]

[0179] Note 1*: The 21 weed species tested included crabgrass, foxtail grass, goosegrass, barnyard grass, Euphorbia lathyris, sedge, cypress, sedge, cypress, Fimbristylis littoralis Grandich, sedge, bulrush, Ammannia arenaria, Ludwigia prostrata, Eclipta prostrata, blue amaranth, white laver, Chenopodium serotinum L., variegated lilac, evergreen tallow tree, dayflower, Monochoria vaginalis, and goldenrod L.

[0180] Note 2: All experiments in Table 9 were conducted in pots under natural light conditions in a greenhouse, with soil as the carrier; seeds of 21 weed species, including barnyard grass, Euphorbia lathyris, Ammannia arenaria, Ludwigia prostrata, and Cyperus difformis, were sown on the soil surface, and then, except for the comparative example, were covered with 9 types of plant materials, including plant material with an average length of 1 cm and undried rapeseed straw. Survival rate tests for 26 target plants and control efficacy tests against 21 weed species were conducted for each plant material; the covering thickness of the plant material was 0.6 cm, and the plant material layer was kept submerged in water for 3 days. The water content of the plant material layer was then maintained at 100% of its saturation water content, and 26 target plants, such as rice, were directly sown on the surface of the plant material layer. After planting rice, the moisture content of the plant material layer was maintained at 100% of its saturation water content. After planting xerophilic plants, the plant material was maintained at 40% to 100% of its saturation water content. After the root system of the target plant penetrated the plant material layer, the moisture content of the plant material after planting was maintained at 10% to 80% of its saturation water content. Twenty-one days after planting the target plants, the survival rate of the target plants and the weed control effect were investigated.

[0181] As a comparative example, survival rate tests were conducted in soil for 26 types of target plants. In the planting process of the target plant in this invention, a substance capable of supplying nutrients necessary for the growth of the target plant is applied, and this is abbreviated as "plant nutrition." Methods of applying the plant nutrition include, but are not limited to, application below the plant material layer, application in the middle of the plant material layer, mixing with the plant material layer, application on top of the plant material layer, or mixing with the reproductive organs or root system of the target plant.

[0182] Furthermore, the dosage to apply the above plant nutrients should be considered in combination with two main factors: on the one hand, the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio of the plant material; a carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (C / N) of 25:1 promotes the decomposition of the plant material by microorganisms, while a carbon-to-nitrogen ratio that is too high does not promote the decomposition of the plant material by microorganisms, causing them to use soil nitrogen from the plant and thereby affecting the growth of the target plant; given the fact that the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio of most plant materials is too high, if the covering thickness of the plant material layer is 0.5 cm, then 666.7 m 2 Each layer requires nitrogen supplementation equivalent to 10-20 kg of urea, and as the thickness of the plant material layer increases, the amount of nitrogen supplemented also increases accordingly.

[0183] On the other hand, considering the nutrients necessary for the initial growth of the target plant, 666.7 m 2 It is necessary to supplement the plants with plant nutrients such as compound fertilizer (N+P2O5+K2O≧45%) at a rate of 20-80 kg per plant.

[0184] Based on the field test results described above, the present invention demonstrates that covering rice with rapeseed straw before direct sowing is safe for rice germination and seedling growth (resulting in a high seedling survival rate), effectively controls weed damage in rice paddies, and is an ideal new method for controlling weeds in rice paddies.

[0185] To compare the combined effect of the present invention with that of the prior art, a large-scale field trial was conducted, with each trial site covering an area of ​​666.7 m². 2 Therefore, a comprehensive comparison of the present invention and the prior art is listed below with reference to Comparison Table 10.

[0186] [Table 10A]

[0187] [Table 10B]

[0188]

Table 10C

[0189]

Table 10D

[0190] Table 10E

[0191]

Table 10F

[0192]

Table 10G

[0193]

Table 10H

[0194]

Table 10I

[0195]

Table 10J

[0196]

Table 10K

[0197]

Table 10L

[0198]

Table 10M

[0199] [Table 10N]

[0200] [Table 10O]

[0201] [Table 10P]

[0202] [Table 10Q]

[0203] [Table 10R]

[0204] Note 1: The main weeds in the seven rice paddies tested included barnyard grass, Euphorbia lathyris, Cyperus difformis, Cyperus iria L., Ammannia arenaria, Ludwigia prostrata, and Eclipta prostrata. Note 2: The pot experiment was conducted in a greenhouse under natural light conditions, with soil as the carrier and plant material consisting of dried rapeseed straw of varying average lengths, and weed seeds scattered on the soil surface.

[0205] In Examples 44 to 139 and Comparative Examples 13 to 17, the plant material was placed first, and then the target plant was planted.

[0206] Comparative Example 18 followed all the conditions of Chinese Patent CN106342612A, first planting rice, then spraying the plant material, and not controlling the water content of the plant material after spraying.

[0207] In the target plants planted in Examples 44-139, the height of the initial stem-root differentiation point was greater than 2 mm.

[0208] Finally, it should be noted that those listed above are merely specific embodiments of the present invention. Of course, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and many modifications are possible. Any modifications that a person skilled in the art would directly derive from or conceive of the disclosed material should be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0209] The foregoing describes only preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention to other forms. Modifications or equivalent changes made in accordance with the technical essence of the invention remain within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for simultaneously controlling weeds and planting target plants using plant-based materials, comprising the following steps: a. First, in order to form a plant material layer, the plant material is placed on a carrier and the plant material layer is covered. The period from this to planting the target plant is defined as the covering period, and during the covering period, the size, thickness, and water content of the plant material layer are controlled; b. The step of planting the target plant on the surface of the plant material layer and / or within the plant material layer; A method comprising the steps of step a, in which the plant material layer is uniformly covered on the carrier with a covering thickness of 0.6 to 12 cm, and the water content of the plant material is controlled to be 10% or more of its saturated water content.

2. The plant material is derived from one of the following plants: Rice (Oryza sativa L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), corn (Zea mays L.), soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), sweet potatoes (Dioscorea esculenta (Lour.) Burkill), potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), flax (Linum usitatissimum L.), rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), peanuts (Solanum Melongena L.), bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata (Duch. ex Lam.) Duch. ex Poiret), winter melon (Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn.), sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.), lotus (Astragalus sinicus L.), sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), hairy vetch, and weeds, The method according to claim 1.

3. The method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the type of target plant is at least one selected from agricultural crops, fruit trees, cash crops, flowers, seedlings, forest trees, turf, and herbal medicines.

4. The types of target plants are rice (Oryza sativa L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), corn (Zea mays L.), soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), sweet potato (Dioscorea esculenta (Lour.) Burkill), cotton (Gossypium L.), flax (Linum usitatissimum L.), rapeseed (Brassica rapa var. oleifera de Candolle), and peanut (Arachis hypogaea). L.), bok choy (Brassica rapavar. chinensis (Linnaeus) Kitamura), radish (Raphanus sativus L.), mustard greens (Brassica juncea var. tumida Tsen & Lee), cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata Linnaeus), cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. bottletis Linnaeus), tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Miller), eggplant (Solanum melongena L.), bell pepper (Capsicum annuum) L.), pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata (Duch. ex Lam.) Duch. ex Poiret), winter melon (Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn.), European grape (Vitis vinifera L.), pear (Pyrus L.), mandarin orange (Citrus reticulata Blancco), apple (Malus pumila Mill.), peach (Amygdalus persica L.), Japanese rose (Rosa rugosa Thunb.), phalaenopsis aphordite H.G. Reichenbach, Cymbidium sw., Osmanthus fragrans (Thunb.) Loureiro, Cinnamomum camphora (L.)The method according to claim 1, wherein the plant is one or any two or more of the following: Pine (Pinus L.), Cunninghamia lanceolata (L.) Hook., Manila grass (Zoysia matrella (L.) Merr.), honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica Thunb.), Corydalis yanhusuo W. T. Wang, or Fritillaria cirrhosa D. Don.

5. The weed is at least one selected from grasses, sedges, and broadleaf weeds; Here, the rice weeds include Digitalia sanguinalis (L.) Scop., Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv., and Eleusine indica (L.). Gaertn.), Holtsaw (Leptochloa chinensis (L.) Nees), Golden millet (Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.), Echinochloa crus-galli var. mitis (Pursh) Petermann, Echinochloa crus-galli var. zelayensis (Kunth) Hitchcock, Echinochloa caudata Roshev. , Echinochloa colona (Linnaeus) Link, Echinochloa oryzoides (Ard.) Flritsch. , Echinochloa crus-galli var. Including austrojaponensis Ohwi; Here, the aforementioned Cyperaceae weeds are: Cyperus rotundus L., Cyperus differentialis L., Fimbristylis littoralis Grandich, Cyperus iria L., Schoenopleus triqueter (Linnaeus) Palla, Bolboschoenus planiculmis (F. Schmidt) T. V. Egorova, and Schoenopleus tabernaemontani (C. C. It can be one or more of the following: Gmelin (Palla), Matsubai (Eleocharis yokoscensis (Franchet & Savatier) Tang & F. T. Wang), Taiwanese Yamai (Schoenoplectus wallichii (Nees) T. Koyama); Here, the broadleaf weeds mentioned above are: Acalypha australis L., Amaranthus retroflexus L., Chenopodium album L., Commelina communis L., Ammannia auricularia Willdenow, Ammannia multiflora Roxb., Ammannia coccinea Rottbol, ​​Ammannia baccifera L., and Ludwigia prostrata. prostrata Roxb. ), Ludwigia adscendens (L.) Hara, Rotala indica (Wild.) Koehne, Rotala rotundifolia (Buch.-Ham.). ex Roxb.) Koehne), azaena (Lindernia procumbens (Krock.) Borbas), monochoria vaginalis (Burm. F.) Presl ex Kunth), Sagittaria pygmaea Miq.), Eclipta prostrata (L.) L., Monochoria korsakowii Regel et Mack, Mazus pumilus (N. L. Burman) Steenis, Murdannia triquetra (Wall. ex C. B. Clarke) Bulkn., Potamogeton distinctus A. Bennett, Marsile (Marsilea quadrifolia L. Sp.), Sagittaria trifolia The method according to claim 1, wherein one or more of the following can be selected from L.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the target plant is planted within a layer of plant material, provided that the plant material is covered in two stages, with the first stage covering 30% or more of the entire plant material.

7. The following methods: Method 1: Place the plant material in the carrier, precisely control the water content of the plant material, and plant the reproductive organs of the target plant on the surface of the plant material layer; or Method two: Place the plant material on the carrier, precisely control the water content of the plant material, and plant the seedlings of the target plant on the surface of the plant material layer; or Method three: Place the plant material in the carrier, precisely control the water content of the plant material, and plant the reproductive organs within the layer of the plant material; or Method four: Place the plant material in the carrier, precisely control the water content of the plant material, and plant the seedlings of the target plant within the layer of the plant material; However, the height of the initial stem-root differentiation point of the target plant is 0.2 cm or more. The method according to claim 1, which employs the following:

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the period from covering the aforementioned plant material layer until planting the aforementioned target plant is defined as the covering period, and during the aforementioned covering period, the plant material is immersed in water.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that it also includes controlling the water content of the plant material during the period immediately before planting the target plant and after planting the target plant: The period within one day prior to planting the target plant shall be defined as the period immediately before planting the target plant, and during this period, the plant material shall be soaked in water; and, After planting the target plants, the water content of the plant material is controlled as follows: The target plant is an aquatic plant, and the planting method is direct sowing. If the target plant is planted on the surface of the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material after planting is maintained from 70% of its saturation water content until the water layer depth is 5 cm or less; if the target plant is planted within the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material after planting is maintained from 10% of its saturation water content until the water layer depth is 5 cm or less; Here, "within the plant material layer" refers to the upper half of the plant material layer, or to the upper one-third of the plant material layer.

10. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that it also includes controlling the water content of the plant material during the period immediately before planting the target plant and after planting the target plant: The period within one day prior to planting the target plant shall be defined as the period immediately before planting the target plant, and during this period, the plant material shall be soaked in water; and, After planting the target plants, the water content of the plant material is controlled as follows: The target plant is an aquatic plant, and the planting method is transplanting. If the target plant is planted on the surface of the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material after planting is maintained from 70% of its saturation water content until the water layer depth is 5 cm or less; if the target plant is planted within the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material after planting is maintained from 10% of its saturation water content until the water layer depth is 5 cm or less; Here, "within the plant material layer" refers to the upper half of the plant material layer, or to the upper one-third of the plant material layer.

11. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that it also includes controlling the water content of the plant material during the period immediately before planting the target plant and after planting the target plant: The period within one day prior to planting the target plant shall be defined as the period immediately before planting the target plant, and during this period, the plant material shall be soaked in water; and, After planting the target plants, the water content of the plant material is controlled as follows: The target plant is a xerophilic plant, and the planting method is direct sowing. If the target plant is planted on the surface of the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material after planting is maintained from 40% of its saturation water content until the plant material is permeated; if the target plant is planted within a layer of the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material after planting is maintained at 10% to 90% of its saturation water content; Here, "within the plant material layer" refers to the upper half of the plant material layer, or to the upper one-third of the plant material layer.

12. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that it also includes controlling the water content of the plant material during the period immediately before planting the target plant and after planting the target plant: The period within one day prior to planting the target plant shall be defined as the period immediately before planting the target plant, and during this period, the plant material shall be soaked in water; and, After planting the target plants, the water content of the plant material is controlled as follows: The target plant is a xerophilic plant, and the planting method is transplanting. If the target plant is planted on the surface of the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material after planting is maintained from 50% of its saturation water content until the water layer depth is 2 cm or less; if the target plant is planted within the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material after planting is maintained from 10% of its saturation water content until the water layer depth is 2 cm or less; Here, "within the plant material layer" refers to the upper half of the plant material layer, or to the upper one-third of the plant material layer.

13. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the aforementioned plant material is derived from one selected from rapeseed, rice, wheat, corn, and soybeans: however, The aforementioned target plants are aquatic plants, and the planting method is direct sowing: A plant material with a thickness of 0.6 to 12 cm is uniformly covered on the carrier, and the average size of the plant material is 10 cm or less; During the covering period, adjust the water content of the plant material to 10% or more of its saturated water content; immediately before planting the target plants, adjust the water content of the plant material to 10% or more of its saturated water content; and If the target plant is planted on the surface of the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material after planting is maintained at 10% or more of its saturated water content; if the target plant is planted within the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material after planting is maintained at 10% or more of its saturated water content.

14. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the plant material is derived from rapeseed, rice, wheat, corn, and soybeans, provided that, If the target plant is an aquatic plant and the planting method is transplanting: A plant material with a thickness of 0.6 to 12 cm is uniformly covered on the carrier, and the average size of the plant material is 10 cm or less; During the aforementioned covering period, the water content of the plant material is adjusted to 10% or more of its saturated water content; In the period immediately preceding the planting of the target plant, the water content of the plant material is adjusted to 10% or more of its saturated water content; and If the target plant is planted on the surface of the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material after planting is maintained at 10% or more of its saturated water content; if the target plant is planted within the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material after planting is maintained at 10% or more of its saturated water content.

15. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the aforementioned plant material is derived from one selected from rapeseed, rice, wheat, corn, and soybeans: however, The aforementioned target plants are xerophilic plants, and the planting method is direct sowing: A plant material with a thickness of 0.6 to 12 cm is uniformly covered on the carrier, and the average size of the plant material is 10 cm or less; During the aforementioned covering period, the water content of the plant material is adjusted to 10% or more of its saturated water content; In the period immediately preceding the planting of the target plant, the water content of the plant material is adjusted to 10% or more of its saturated water content; If the target plant is planted on the surface of the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material after planting is maintained at 10% or more of its saturated water content; if the target plant is planted within the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material after planting is maintained at 10% or more of its saturated water content.

16. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the plant material is derived from rapeseed, rice, wheat, corn, and soybeans: however, The aforementioned target plants are xerophilic plants, and the planting method is transplanting: A plant material with a thickness of 0.6 to 12 cm is uniformly covered on the carrier, and the average size of the plant material is 10 cm or less; During the aforementioned covering period, the water content of the plant material is adjusted to 10% or more of its saturated water content; In the period immediately preceding the planting of the target plant, the water content of the plant material is adjusted to 10% or more of its saturated water content; and If the target plant is planted on the surface of the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material after planting is maintained at 10% or more of its saturated water content; if the target plant is planted within the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material after planting is maintained at 10% or more of its saturated water content.

17. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the aforementioned plant material is derived from one selected from rapeseed, rice, wheat, corn, and soybeans: however, The aforementioned target plant is rice, and the planting method is direct sowing: The plant material, with a thickness of 0.3 to 12 cm, is uniformly covered on the carrier, and the average size of the plant material is 10 cm or less; During the aforementioned covering period, the water content of the plant material is adjusted from 40% of its saturation water content until the plant material is submerged in water; In the period immediately preceding the planting of the target plant, the water content of the plant material is adjusted from 30% of its saturation water content until the plant material is submerged in water; and If the target plant is planted on the surface of the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material after planting is maintained from 70% of its saturation water content until the water layer depth is 5 cm or less; if the target plant is planted within the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material after planting is maintained from 10% of its saturation water content until the water layer depth is 5 cm or less.

18. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the plant material is derived from rapeseed, rice, wheat, corn, and soybeans, provided that, The aforementioned target plant is rice, and the planting method is transplanting: The plant material, with a thickness of 0.6 to 12 cm, is uniformly covered on the carrier, and the average size of the plant material is 10 cm or less; During the aforementioned covering period, the water content of the plant material is adjusted from 50% of its saturation water content until the plant material is submerged in water; and In the period immediately preceding the planting of the target plant, the water content of the plant material is adjusted from 30% of its saturated water content until the plant material is submerged in water; if the target plant is planted on the surface of the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material after planting is maintained from 70% of its saturated water content until the water layer depth is 5 cm or less; if the target plant is planted within the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material after planting is maintained from 10% of its saturated water content until the water layer depth is 5 cm or less.

19. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the shape of the plant material is selected from strips, sheets, tubes, lumps, powders, leaf blades or parts of leaf blades, plants or parts of plants.

20. When planting the target plant by its reproductive organs, the initial stem-root differentiation point of the target plant is within or above the plant material layer before the plant material completely decomposes, and the stem base is within or above the plant material layer after the bud of the target plant emerges; When planting the target plant, the reproductive organs of the target plant are located at least one position on the surface or within the plant material layer, and the reproductive organs of the weed are located below the plant material layer. The method according to claim 1.

21. When planting the target plant by any of the methods of seedling placement, seedling throwing, or seedling transplanting, the stem base of the target plant is in or above the plant material layer before the plant material completely decomposes; When planting the target plant, the root system of the target plant seedling is located at least one position on the surface or within the plant material layer, and the reproductive organs of the weed are located below the plant material layer. The method according to claim 1.

22. When planting the target plant, the target plant is on the carrier, and the reproductive organs of the weed are located below the plane of the carrier. The method according to claim 1.

23. The initial stem-root differentiation point of the target plant is higher than the plane of the carrier, while the initial stem-root differentiation point of the weed is located below the plane of the carrier. The method according to claim 1.

Images