System, information processing device, server device, computer program, and / or method

Abstract

[Problem] To provide technology that uses data pertaining more to a target. [Solution] This system comprises: a first acquisition unit that acquires one or a plurality of pieces of first data, each of which corresponds to prescribed one or a plurality of static data types specified for a supply chain or a value chain; a second acquisition unit that acquires one or a plurality of pieces of second data, each of which corresponds to prescribed one or a plurality of dynamic data types specified for the supply chain or the value chain, the one or the plurality of pieces of second data including geographical data for an information processing device that acquired at least one piece of the second data and temporal data for the acquisition of the geographical data; and a processing unit that performs a process for storing, in a block chain, the one or the plurality of pieces of second data in association with management unit data for at least one stage among a plurality of stages corresponding to the configuration of the supply chain or the value chain.

Description

System, information processing device, server device, computer program, and / or method

[0001] The technology disclosed in this application relates to a system, an information processing device, a server device, a computer program, and / or a method.

[0002] In recent years, support methods using information processing technology have begun to be introduced in the fields of supply chains and value chains.

[0003] JP 2020-86938 A JP 2020-21134 A JP 2015-115016 A

[0004]

[0005] However, in supply chains and value chains that manage multiple objects, information processing technology is not fully utilized. Therefore, various embodiments of the present invention provide a system, an information processing device, a server device, a computer program, and / or a method to solve the above-mentioned problems.

[0006] One embodiment of the present application is a system comprising: a first acquisition unit that acquires one or more first data, each corresponding to one or more predetermined static data types defined for a supply chain or a value chain; a second acquisition unit that acquires one or more second data, each corresponding to one or more predetermined dynamic data types defined for the supply chain or value chain, the one or more second data including geographical data of an information processing device that acquired at least one of the second data and temporal data from which the geographical data was acquired; and a processing unit that processes the one or more second data to associate with management unit data for at least one stage out of a plurality of stages according to the configuration of the supply chain or value chain and store the one or more second data in a blockchain.

[0007] Another embodiment of the present application is a method in which a system executes: a first acquisition step of acquiring one or more first data, each corresponding to one or more predetermined static data types defined for a supply chain or a value chain; a second acquisition step of acquiring one or more second data, each corresponding to one or more predetermined dynamic data types defined for the supply chain or value chain, the one or more second data including geographical data of an information processing device that acquired at least one of the second data and temporal data from which the geographical data was acquired; and a processing step of processing the one or more second data to associate with management unit data for at least one stage out of a plurality of stages according to the configuration of the supply chain or value chain and store the one or more second data in a blockchain.

[0008] Another embodiment of the present application is a computer program for causing a system to operate as: a first acquisition means for acquiring one or more first data, each corresponding to one or more predetermined static data types defined for a supply chain or a value chain; a second acquisition means for acquiring one or more second data, each corresponding to one or more predetermined dynamic data types defined for the supply chain or value chain, the one or more second data including geographical data of an information processing device that acquired at least one of the second data and temporal data at which the geographical data was acquired; and a processing means for processing the one or more second data to associate with management unit data for at least one stage out of a plurality of stages according to the configuration of the supply chain or value chain, and store the one or more second data in a blockchain.

[0009] One embodiment of the present invention relates to a technique for utilizing data related to an object.

[0010] FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an example showing the relationship between a system according to an embodiment and peripheral devices. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the processing of an example of a system according to an embodiment. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of stages, etc., of a system according to an embodiment. FIG. 4 is an example of a screen displayed by an end user app of a system according to an embodiment. FIG. 5 is an example of a screen displayed by an end user app of a system according to an embodiment. FIG. 6 is an example of a screen displayed by an end user app of a system according to an embodiment. FIG. 7 is an example of a schematic diagram showing data relationships related to batch IDs in a system according to an embodiment. FIG. 8 is an example of a schematic diagram showing data relationships related to batch IDs in a system according to an embodiment. FIG. 9 is an example of a schematic diagram showing data relationships related to batch IDs in a system according to an embodiment. FIG. 10 is an example of a schematic diagram showing data relationships related to batch IDs in a system according to an embodiment. FIG. 11 is an example of a schematic diagram showing data relationships related to batch IDs in a system according to an embodiment. FIG. 12 is an example of a screen displayed by an end user app of a system according to an embodiment. Fig. 13 is an example of a screen displayed by an end user application in a system according to an embodiment. Fig. 14 is an example showing a relationship between a stage and a static data type and / or a dynamic data type in a system according to an embodiment. Fig. 15 is an example showing a relationship between a stage and a static data type and / or a dynamic data type in a system according to an embodiment. Fig. 16 is a block diagram showing an example configuration of an information processing device in a system according to an embodiment.

[0011] 1. Overview The technology of this application relates to technology that supports the use of data regarding the transfer of an object through multiple stages, such as the transfer of possession of a product among multiple parties (hereinafter, in this application document, simply referred to as a "supply chain") or a value chain. Note that, hereinafter, when the term "supply chain" is used, it is also applicable to a value chain.

[0012] As described above, a supply chain involves multiple stages, and data from these stages can affect the reliability of an object. Therefore, the technology of the present application relates to a technology that supports the use of such data.

[0013] 2. Hardware System The hardware that executes the computer software according to the present application may be composed of one or more information processing devices. The hardware that executes the computer software according to the present application may also include one or more sensors, one or more servers, one or more terminal devices, and / or one or more sensors. The hardware that executes the computer software according to the present application may be in a cloud format. The one or more sensors may also include an information processing device.

[0014] The sensor may be a device capable of acquiring data of the external environment. For example, the sensor may be a visual sensor, an auditory sensor, a tactile sensor, an olfactory sensor, a gustatory sensor, and / or a geographical data acquisition sensor. The visual sensor may be a sensor capable of acquiring images such as still images or videos, such as an imaging device. The auditory sensor may be a sensor capable of acquiring sound data. The tactile sensor may be a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, or the like. The olfactory sensor may be an odor sensor. The gustatory sensor may be a taste sensor. The geographical data acquisition sensor may be a GPS, RTLS, or the like.

[0015] The information processing device may also be a printer with a printing function. As will be described later, the printer may have a function to print code data in accordance with commands from a server, a cloud, and / or a terminal device.

[0016] FIG. 1 is an example of various systems described below. In this diagram, a system of one embodiment may be configured with a server 001. For example, a system of one embodiment may be configured with one or more servers. Furthermore, a system of another embodiment may be configured with one or more servers and / or a cloud system. The server and / or the cloud system may be owned by the same owner as the system of the one embodiment, or may be owned by a different owner. Furthermore, a system of another embodiment may include one or more servers, a cloud system, and / or one or more terminal devices. Furthermore, a system of another embodiment may be configured with only one or more terminal devices. In particular, when the system of one embodiment directly accesses a blockchain, the system of one embodiment may be configured with only a user terminal, a certifier terminal, or an end user terminal.

[0017] Such a system may be managed, including its operation, by one or more terminal devices. For example, in this figure, one or more terminal devices may be connected to server 001 directly or indirectly so as to be able to exchange data. Terminal devices F and G may be devices that manage, including the operation of, the system. For example, terminal devices F and G may be devices used by a system administrator.

[0018] One or more terminal devices may be directly or indirectly connectable to the server 001 so as to exchange data. For example, one or more terminal devices may be connectable to the server 001 via the Internet. While terminal devices 002A to 002E are shown in this figure, these are merely examples and the number of terminal devices is not limited. Each terminal device may have the function of accepting input of one or more static data types and / or one or more dynamic data types related to one or more stages, as described below. Furthermore, each terminal device may have the function of accepting input of data corresponding to one or more static data types and / or one or more dynamic data types related to one or more stages, as described below. Furthermore, one or more terminal devices may have programs installed thereon that are downloadable from the Internet and capable of executing a user application, authenticator application, and / or end user application, as described below. Furthermore, one or more terminal devices may be capable of executing a user application, authenticator application, and / or end user application, as described below.

[0019] 3. Embodiment 3.1. System of First Embodiment Next, the processing of a system of one embodiment according to the present application will be explained in chronological order.

[0020] Step 1: The system of this embodiment may obtain multiple stages for a particular supply chain, the definition of which will be described later.

[0021] In this application, an item provided to a final end user in a supply chain or value chain targeted by the system of this embodiment will be simply referred to as a "final object." Examples of the object may be physical objects such as agricultural products such as apples, food products such as cheese, industrial products, traditional crafts, or artworks provided to consumers, or electronic objects such as cryptocurrencies. The object may also be an act performed by a charitable organization. In addition, an item included in the "object" in the supply chain process will be referred to as an "intermediate object." Examples of intermediate objects include raw materials for the object and parts incorporated into the object. Furthermore, an item used in the supply chain before the object is provided will be referred to as a "use." For example, when the object is processed industrially, the use may include manufacturing equipment, sorting equipment, inspection equipment, transportation equipment, storage equipment, etc. These may be agricultural products or industrial products. In this application, the term "object" may be used as a broader concept of the final object, intermediate object, and use.

[0022] For example, in the case of an agricultural supply chain, each of propagation, harvesting, transportation, processing facility, storage, packing, and / or dispatching may be input and stored as a stage in the system of this embodiment.

[0023] Additionally, the system of this embodiment may obtain one or more static data types and / or one or more dynamic data types associated with each stage.

[0024] Data associated with a static data type may generally not change for each object provided to the end consumer. For example, data associated with a static data type for the supply chain of agricultural production may be data that does not generally change along the supply chain from the growth of the agricultural products to the final product, such as the name of the farmer or geographic data of the farm. In exceptional cases, data such as geographic data of the farm when the farm is relocated may also be used.

[0025] On the other hand, data associated with a dynamic data type may be data that may change for each object provided to the end consumer. For example, data associated with a dynamic data type for an agricultural production supply chain may be geographic data for the movement path of objects, storage temperature data for objects that may change for each object, etc.

[0026] Additionally, the dynamic data type of usage data may include inspection data, storage data, and / or transportation data. Inspection data may include inspection parameters, inspection methods, and / or inspection techniques. Storage data may include storage methods, storage temperature, humidity, pressure, and / or changes therein. Transportation data may include transportation methods, transportation temperature, humidity, pressure, and / or changes therein.

[0027] Next, static and dynamic data types for each stage of an example supply chain in the agricultural sector will be illustrated.

[0028] In the propagation stage, for example, static data types may include data on the name of the farm (agricultural corporation or farmer), geographic data of the farm, weed data, and photo data. Here, the photo indicates a photograph of the farm, and storing such data has the advantage of allowing end consumers and others to visually understand the farm and store the associated data. Furthermore, dynamic data types may include, for example, data on seeds, data on fertilizer, the area of ​​the farm where the seeds were planted, and the time of planting. The seed data may include data such as the brand name of the seeds, the time of purchase of the seeds, the seller of the seeds, and the expiration date of the seeds.

[0029] For example, in the case of harvesting, farm name data, farm geographic data, etc. may be static data types. Also, for example, harvest time data, harvest time data for harvesting crops, farm area data for harvesting, farm storage status data, photo data, etc. may be dynamic data types because they may be handled differently for each object (crops provided to end consumers). Here, farm storage status data may include data on temperature and humidity.

[0030] In the case of transportation, for example, data on the name of the transportation company, data on photographs of the transportation company, etc. may be static data types. In addition, for example, data on the start time of transportation, data on the vehicle number of the transportation vehicle, data on the name of the transportation driver, data on the temperature during transportation, data on the weight of the transported agricultural products, photo data showing the actual transportation status of the agricultural products, geographical data of the transportation vehicle, etc. may be dynamic data types because they may be treated differently for each object (agricultural products provided to the end consumer).

[0031] For example, in the case of a processing facility, static data types may include data on the name of the processing facility, geographic data of the processing facility, data on manufacturing equipment within the processing facility, data on inspection equipment within the processing facility, photographic data of the processing facility and / or equipment within the processing facility, etc. Additionally, data on the time of harvesting of the produce, data on the amount of the produce accepted as genuine, data on reasons for rejecting the produce, photographic data of a particular produce during processing, etc. may be dynamic data types because they may be treated differently for each object (produce provided to an end consumer).

[0032] For example, in the case of storage, the name of the storage company, geographical data of the storage location, etc. may be static data types. In addition, for example, data indicating the type and model number of the storage facility, temperature data for each storage facility, humidity data for each storage facility, photographic data of the storage conditions, etc. may be dynamic data types.

[0033] For example, in the case of packaging, the static data type may be the name of the packaging company, the geographical data of the packaging plant, and the photographic data of the packaging plant. Also, the dynamic data type may be, for example, the packaging time data, the packaging mode data, the size of the package, and the photographic data of the packaging process. The data of the packaging mode may be bulk or retail.

[0034] For dispatching, static data types may include, for example, the name of the dispatching company, geographic data of the dispatching plant, and photo data of the dispatching plant. Dynamic data types may include, for example, order ID data, invoice ID data, dispatch time data, dispatch vehicle number data, dispatch vehicle driver name data, temperature data during dispatching, and photo data showing the dispatching process.

[0035] The system of this embodiment may handle batches in the supply chain where agricultural products or industrial products are manufactured. The term "batch" refers to the smallest unit (the most granular unit) tracked in a supply chain. Each business may arbitrarily determine the batch. For example, when handling apples, a single apple may be treated as a batch, or a cardboard box containing six apples may be treated as a batch. Such classification affects, for example, whether to temperature-control each individual apple or each cardboard box containing six apples. Furthermore, the granularity of the number of objects in a batch may vary or be the same for each stage, as follows:

[0036] A stage is defined as the longest part of the supply chain where a batch is guaranteed to maintain its identity. A single business entity may manage one or more stages in a supply chain. For example, consider a case where a packaging business entity receives a batch of 90 apples (10 cardboard boxes containing 9 apples each) from a previous business entity in the supply chain (e.g., a transporter) and then ships the 90 apples by individually packaging each apple into 15 cardboard boxes containing 6 apples each. In this case, the packaging business entity may, for example, first receive a single cardboard box (containing 9 apples) as a single batch, then package each apple as a single batch, and then transport the resulting cardboard box containing 6 apples to the next business entity. In this case, using a single package for each apple has the advantage of enabling quality control of the packaging. Furthermore, by setting one cardboard box containing six apples as one batch, there is an advantage that it becomes easier to manage the next shipment (for example, each cardboard box containing six apples has a different delivery address). The batch setting may be realized by associating it with a batch ID that allows management of each batch. In the present application, the batch ID, which is data that allows management of each batch, is sometimes referred to as management unit data.

[0037] The stages and types of stages entered may be those typically found in a given type of supply chain (e.g., agricultural), and thus the stages entered at this stage and the static and / or dynamic data types within the stages may act as a frame.

[0038] The system of this embodiment may obtain data for multiple stages and one or more static data types and / or one or more dynamic data types associated with the multiple stages from various sources.

[0039] For example, the system of this embodiment may acquire these data from an information processing device associated with a person who manages the supply chain. For example, the system of this embodiment may acquire these data from the above-mentioned terminal device A and / or terminal device B. The person who manages the supply chain may be a person who manages and / or operates the supply chain, and may be, for example, one of the operators in the supply chain, or a person associated with an organization whose members include some or all of the operators in the supply chain. In these cases, there is an advantage that the data can be input by someone who understands the supply chain.

[0040] The system of this embodiment may also acquire these data from an information processing device associated with an administrator who manages the system. For example, the system of this embodiment may acquire these data from the terminal device F and / or the terminal device G described above. In this case, the system administrator may be, for example, the person who manages and / or operates the system of this embodiment. In this case, since the system administrator is familiar with the preferred use of the system of this embodiment, for example, they can gather information about the supply chain, define preferred stages, static data types, and / or dynamic data types, and then provide them to supply chain participants. Furthermore, by defining stages, static data types, and / or dynamic data types that are considered to be commonly used in a certain supply chain, the system administrator can reduce the effort required for supply chain participants to enter these data, thereby providing the system in a usable state. Note that even if the system administrator enters these data, the person who manages and / or operates the supply chain may further enter any missing data. In this case, there is an advantage that the system can be used flexibly in a format that is more tailored to the supply chain.

[0041] Furthermore, the administrator of the system of this embodiment or the administrator of the supply chain may associate each stage in a supply chain with the access rights of businesses that can input data related to each stage. Since a supply chain may involve multiple businesses, limiting the access rights to each stage has the advantage of clarifying the responsibility of the businesses in charge of each stage.

[0042] For example, the reproduction and harvesting stages may be assigned to business operator A, and the transportation stage may be assigned to business operator B. In this case, business operator A may be able to access (view, input, change, and / or delete) data related to the reproduction and harvesting stages, but may not be able to access (view, input, change, and / or delete) data related to the transportation stages. On the other hand, business operator B may not be able to access (view, input, change, and / or delete) data related to the reproduction and harvesting stages, but may be able to access (view, input, change, and / or delete) data related to the transportation stages.

[0043] That is, a single business operator may be associated with only one or more specific stages, and may have access rights to the specific one or more stages. In this case, other businesses may not have access rights to the specific one or more stages. Specifically, only the single business operator may have access rights to the batch IDs (described below) in the specific one or more stages. Furthermore, only the single business operator may have access rights to one or more dynamic data types and / or one or more static data types associated with the specific one or more stages. Furthermore, only the single business operator may have access rights to one or more dynamic data corresponding to the one or more dynamic data types and / or one or more static data corresponding to the one or more static data types associated with the specific one or more stages. These access rights may include adding, changing, and / or deleting static data types and / or dynamic data types. These access rights may also include inputting, changing, and / or deleting static data and / or dynamic data. In this way, by limiting the access rights to the stage, static data type, dynamic data type, static data, and / or dynamic data to only one specific business operator, there is an advantage that the location of responsibility for this data can be limited. In particular, when the system of this embodiment is configured to calculate data indicating reliability, as described below, there is an advantage that the location of responsibility for data input can be clarified by limiting these access rights. Note that the access rights may be realized by various authentication technologies such as an input password, face authentication, or finger authentication.

[0044] In the above configuration, only one business operator is granted access rights to one stage. However, instead of this configuration, multiple business operators may be granted access rights to specific or all stages. For example, for stage X, business operator A may be granted access right X (viewing, input, change, and / or deletion), while business operator B may be granted access right Y (viewing only). In this case, business operator B may not be able to input, change, or delete data for that stage, but may be able to view it. This has the advantage that business operator A alone is responsible for input, change, and / or deletion, while business operator B, with its viewing right, can carry out business in accordance with the situation of that stage.

[0045] Furthermore, access rights, including data modification rights, may be granted to multiple businesses for a specific or all stages. For example, for stage X, access right X (viewing, input, modification, and / or deletion) may be granted to business A, while access right X (viewing, input, modification, and / or deletion) may also be granted to business B. In this case, business A and B are permitted access to stage X. However, when the system of this embodiment performs a process of storing dynamic data in a blockchain as described below, if the dynamic data is associated with data identifying the input of the dynamic data (the inputter and / or the information processing device related to the data input) and encrypted with a private key in the public key cryptography of the information processing device related to the input before being stored in the blockchain, there is a possibility that spoofing of the data related to the input of the dynamic data can be determined, which has the advantage of being able to flexibly respond to the data inputter while identifying the inputter and clarifying responsibility.

[0046] Step 2: The system of this embodiment acquires data corresponding to one or more static data types associated with each of the multiple stages (sometimes referred to as "static data" in this document).

[0047] For example, the system of this embodiment may acquire farm name (agricultural corporation or farmer) data, farm geographical data, farm weed data, farm photo data, etc. for a specific farm in the breeding stage of the supply chain in the agricultural field described above.

[0048] Step 2 may be input by a person who manages the supply chain, or by a person who manages the system. The former has the advantage that the person who understands the supply chain can input appropriate data. On the other hand, the latter has the advantage that the person who understands the system can input appropriate data. Step 2 may also be input from an information processing device used by a party who makes up one of the flows in the supply chain or value chain, or from an information processing device used by a party outside the flow of the supply chain or value chain.

[0049] The system of this embodiment may store authentication data as static data, which may include, for example, authentication data for the use object, authentication data for the intermediate object, and / or authentication data for the final object.

[0050] Here, the certification data for the product may include data indicating whether the product has been certified, data indicating the rank of the certification for the product, data indicating the organization that certified the product, data indicating the certification of the manufacturing, processing, transportation, etc., method of the product, data indicating the certification method for the product, and / or data indicating the limit of the certification for the product. The data indicating the limit of the certification for the product may include quantitative data on the use of the product and / or timing data on the use of the product. The former quantitative data may include, for example, data indicating that the product can be used up to a predetermined number of times and / or data indicating that the product can be used up to a predetermined amount. For example, data indicating that a device can be used up to 100 times or that the device can be used up to 1,000 liters of intermediate object. The latter timing data may be, for example, a deadline for the use of the product, such as December 31, 2022, or a deadline for the use of the product, such as up to six months from the date of certification or certification.

[0051] Data indicating the rank of certification for the object to be used may be, for example, the level or grade of the quality, capability, brand, etc. of the object to be used. For example, if the object to be used is a specific device, data may indicate that the device has passed a specific test. For example, if the object to be used is water, data may indicate that the object to be used uses water from a specific water source and that the water source has passed a specific test (the water source may receive a specific certification in terms of, for example, water hardness or water contamination level). Data indicating the certification received by a method of manufacturing, processing, transporting, etc. for the object to be used may be, for example, a case in which a specific method itself has been certified. Data indicating the method of certification for the object to be used may, for example, identify the certification method. For example, if there are multiple certification methods, data may identify one of the multiple certification methods.

[0052] The certification data for the intermediate object may include data on whether the intermediate object is certified, data indicating the rank of the certification for the intermediate object, data indicating the organization that certified the intermediate object, data indicating the certification method used for the intermediate object, and / or data indicating the limit of the certification for the intermediate object. The data indicating the limit of the certification for the intermediate object may include quantitative data on the use of the intermediate object and / or timing data on the use of the intermediate object. The former quantitative data may include, for example, data indicating that the intermediate object can be used up to a predetermined number of times and / or data indicating that the intermediate object can be used up to a predetermined amount. For example, the former quantitative data may include data indicating that the intermediate object can be used up to 100 times or data indicating that the intermediate object can be used up to 1,000 liters. The latter timing data may be, for example, a deadline for the use of the intermediate object, such as December 31, 2022, or a deadline for the use of the intermediate object, such as up to six months from the date of certification or certification.

[0053] The certification data for the final object may include data on whether the final object is certified, data indicating the rank of the certification for the final object, data indicating the organization that certified the final object, data indicating the certification method used for the final object, and / or data indicating the limit of the certification for the final object. The data indicating the limit of the certification for the final object may include quantitative data on the use of the final object and / or timing data on the use of the final object. The former quantitative data may include, for example, data indicating that the final object can be used up to a predetermined number of times and / or data indicating that the final object can be used up to a predetermined volume. For example, the former quantitative data may include data indicating that the final object can be used up to 100 times or data indicating that the final object can be used up to 1,000 liters. The latter timing data may be, for example, a deadline for the use of the final object, such as December 31, 2022, or a deadline for the use of the final object, such as up to six months from the date of certification or certification.

[0054] Such authentication may be conducted by an organization conducting the authentication, such as by visiting the target, and based on the actual investigation. In this case, a person associated with the organization conducting the authentication (sometimes referred to as the "authenticator" in this application) may download and install an app (sometimes referred to as the "authenticator app" in this application) capable of inputting authentication data from the Internet or elsewhere onto a device used by the authenticator (sometimes referred to as the "authenticator terminal" in this application), and the authenticator may use the app on the authenticator terminal to input authentication data. The authenticator app may also pre-authenticate the authenticator as the user of the authenticator app using an ID or password (or other authentication means). In this case, various authentication methods may be used depending on the organization conducting the authentication and the type of authentication. For example, the initial authentication may be performed in a different manner from the second or subsequent re-authentication, and the second or subsequent re-authentication may be performed in a manner based on a formal investigation or a simplified investigation. Furthermore, even when authentication is performed by the same certification organization, the certifier terminal may be different or the same depending on the type of authentication. For example, the initial authentication or authentication based on a formal investigation described above uses an information processing device provided by the headquarters of the certification organization as the certifier terminal, and is considered to be the formal authentication. Meanwhile, authentication based on a simplified investigation may use a physical information processing device used by a member of the certification organization or a member of its contractor during an on-site visit to conduct an investigation. Even if such certifier terminals are physically different, by registering these multiple information processing devices as certifier terminals used by the same certification organization, it may be possible to recognize that authentication has been obtained by the same certification organization regardless of the type of authentication. To achieve this configuration, the same private key in a public key cryptosystem may be pre-set for these different certifier terminals, and persons related to the same authentication may be authenticated by using this same private key. In this case, the different certifier terminals use the same encryption key to encrypt authentication-related data (or its hashed data).Therefore, by using data associating the same private key with the organization involved in authentication in a one-to-one relationship and a public key corresponding to the same encryption key to decrypt data, it is possible to determine that all users of the same private key are the same organization performing authentication. On the other hand, different private keys in the public key cryptosystem may be set in advance for the different authenticator terminals. In this case, the different authenticator terminals encrypt authentication-related data (or its hashed data) using their respective encryption keys. Therefore, even if data associating each encryption key with the organization involved in authentication in a many-to-one relationship and decrypting data using public keys corresponding to the different encryption keys is used, it is possible to determine that all users of the different private keys are the same organization performing authentication using the associated data. In either case, data indicating the one-to-one or many-to-one relationship between the encryption keys and the organizations involved in authentication may be stored and used in a server between the blockchain and the end-user application, and the server may also use the data to identify the organization involved in authentication corresponding to the decryption, but this is not limited to this.

[0055] The authenticator app may obtain authentication-related data through the authenticator. When the authenticator app directly accesses the blockchain, the authenticator app encrypts a hash value of the authentication-related data using the authenticator app's private key in a public key cryptosystem, then transmits the authentication-related data and the associated encrypted hash value to the blockchain, and the blockchain stores the authentication-related data and the associated encrypted hash value. This may enable detection of spoofing of the authentication-related data, thereby improving the reliability of authentication. Furthermore, as described below, it is particularly advantageous that the authentication-related data can be included in tracking-related data.

[0056] Alternatively, instead of a configuration in which the user application and the blockchain communicate directly, each authenticator application may store data in the blockchain via a server related to the system of this embodiment. Even in this case, as described above, the authenticator application may calculate a hash value for authentication-related data using a hash function and encrypt the hash value using the authenticator application's private key. The authenticator application may then transmit the authentication-related data and the associated encrypted hash value to the server. The server may transmit the authentication-related data and the associated encrypted hash value to the blockchain, and upon receiving the transmission, the blockchain may store the authentication-related data and the associated encrypted hash value. This has the advantage of improving the reliability of authentication, since it may be possible to detect spoofing of the authentication-related data. Furthermore, as described below, it has the advantage of enabling the inclusion of authentication-related data in tracking-related data. The blockchain may transmit the data to be stored (referred to as a "key" in this application document) to the server, and the server may store the key. This has the advantage of allowing data to be identified within the blockchain.

[0057] Note that the certification-related data may be set as a dynamic data type in step 3 below. For example, certifications are generally valid for a predetermined period of time, such as six months, one year, or several years, but some certifications may be issued more frequently. In particular, if the certification validity period may be shorter than the period during which the object flows along the supply chain, the certification-related data may be set as a dynamic data type. This has the advantage that even if the certification changes while the object is in the supply chain, the changed data can be entered.

[0058] Step 3: The system of this embodiment acquires one or more pieces of data (sometimes referred to as "dynamic data" in this document) corresponding to one or more dynamic data types associated with each of the multiple stages.

[0059] For example, the system of this embodiment may store dynamic data in the propagation stage of a crop supply chain, such as data related to actual seeds, data related to fertilizer, etc. These data may be input in an information processing device related to the agricultural corporation (farmer) that specifically carries out the propagation stage, and the system of this embodiment may acquire such data via a network.

[0060] Here, an information processing device that accepts input of such dynamic data may be referred to as a "user terminal." A computer program that accepts input of such dynamic data and runs on such a user terminal may be referred to as a "user application." A person who inputs data into a user terminal may be referred to as a "user." A portable information processing device such as a smartphone or PDA has the advantage that, for example, stakeholders such as agricultural corporations (farmers) can easily input and display data outdoors or in the field while carrying the device. A portable information processing device is particularly useful when multiple objects (e.g., managing each of a large number of harvested crops) are involved, and dynamic data for the objects is input while associating each object with a batch ID using code data in front of the physical object. Furthermore, if such a user terminal has a geographic data acquisition function such as GPS, and the geographic data is acquired and stored in association with the batch ID in response to the input of dynamic data associated with the batch ID, the location where the dynamic data was input can be clarified, which is advantageous in terms of increasing transparency of the supply chain or value chain for end users. Furthermore, when such user terminals input dynamic data associated with a batch ID, temporal data such as the date and time of data input is also acquired and stored in association with the batch ID, which has the advantage of clarifying the temporal data at which the dynamic data was input, and has the advantage of enabling end users to improve the transparency and reliability of the supply chain or value chain.Furthermore, by storing the dynamic data, geographical data, and temporal data associated with these batch IDs in the blockchain, it becomes possible to determine whether they have been tampered with, which has the advantage of improving the reliability of these data among end users.Furthermore, if the dynamic data, geographical data, and temporal data (or hash values ​​thereof) associated with these batch IDs are encrypted with a public key cryptographic key on the user terminal and can be decrypted with the corresponding public key, it becomes possible to determine whether or not the data has been spoofed, and it becomes clear that the data was actually entered from the user terminal, which, combined with the geographical data of the user terminal that entered the data, has the advantage of making the supply chain or value chain even more transparent for the end user and improving reliability.The user app may be downloaded and installed in advance on the user terminal via an internet connection.

[0061] The system of this embodiment may also manage objects using batch IDs. The batch ID may be metadata and may not be part of static or dynamic data. As described below, when transitioning from a certain stage α to the next stage β, the batch ID x in stage α may remain the same in stage β, or the batch ID x in stage α may be split to become multiple batch ID y in stage β (in this case, the relationship between batch ID x and batch ID y is one-to-many), or multiple batch ID x in stage α may be combined to become a single batch ID y in stage β (in this case, the relationship between batch ID x and batch ID y is many-to-one).

[0062] For example, consider the case where apples are harvested during the harvesting stage. In this case, nine harvested apples are packed into one cardboard box in anticipation of transportation being the next stage of the harvest. A batch ID may be assigned to each cardboard box containing nine apples. In this case, if there are 100 cardboard boxes, 100 batch IDs may be generated.

[0063] In this case, the user may use the user app to instruct the assignment of such a new batch ID. For example, upon receiving a user instruction to assign a new batch ID, the user app may assign a new batch ID and store one or more pieces of dynamic data in association with the batch ID. More specifically, for example, in the harvest stage, harvest time data, collection time data for harvesting the crops, farm area data for the harvest, farm storage status data, and / or photo data for nine apples packed into one cardboard box may be stored in association with the newly assigned batch ID. The harvest time data, collection time data for harvesting the crops, farm area data for the harvest, farm storage status data, and / or photo data may be input by the user app. Here, the photo data may be captured using an imaging device included in the user terminal. For example, in response to a user's instruction to take a picture, the user application may activate an imaging device included in the user terminal, take a picture of the items packed in the cardboard box at the user's instruction, and store the photographic data taken by the imaging device in association with the batch ID. Note that, although the above describes an embodiment in which dynamic data is associated with a batch ID after the batch ID is generated, the reverse process may also be performed, i.e., dynamic data may be acquired and stored, and then a subsequently generated batch ID may be associated with the dynamic data.

[0064] The system of this embodiment may also generate code data corresponding to a batch ID and capable of identifying the batch ID. For example, the code data may be a QR code (registered trademark), a barcode, and / or an RFID. The system of this embodiment may also transmit code data capable of identifying the batch ID to an information processing device used by the agricultural corporation. The information processing device used by the agricultural corporation may also have a function for printing the code data.

[0065] By attaching such code data to, for example, the corresponding cardboard box (packed with nine apples) described above, a user can associate harvest time data, collection time data for the agricultural products, farm area data where the data is collected, farm storage status data, and / or photographic data with the actual cardboard box via the batch ID.

[0066] These batch IDs track the distribution of each object along the supply chain and may also be used in the next stage. For example, in a user application, as described above, when a current stage (e.g., a harvesting stage) ends, the product may be transitioned to the next stage (e.g., a transportation stage). For example, as shown in FIG. 4, a product that can be identified by a batch ID may be transitioned to a subsequent stage, such as another stage. In this way, when a product is transitioned to another stage, the ability to set the corresponding batch ID to transition to another stage has the advantage of facilitating product management. In particular, while products typically transition along a predetermined supply chain or value chain, some products may require special handling. Therefore, the batch ID setting of the system of this embodiment allows transition to a stage other than the next stage, thereby providing the advantage of flexible response to the product.

[0067] Furthermore, the stage transition may be performed by the same user using the same user terminal, or by different users using different user terminals. For example, the harvesting stage and the transportation stage may be handled by the same business operator, or by different businesses. These are business issues for businesses in the supply chain or value chain, and the system of this embodiment may have a function that can flexibly support the management of objects in response to these business issues. Furthermore, even when the same business operator is responsible for harvesting and transportation, the actual responsible personnel may be the same or different. In these cases, if the same responsible personnel are responsible for the harvesting stage and transportation stage, the same user app may be used to input dynamic data for the harvesting stage and transportation stage. Furthermore, if responsible personnel α in charge of the harvesting stage and responsible personnel β in charge of the transportation stage are different personnel within the same business operator, the user terminal used by responsible personnel α and the user app executed thereon may be different from the user terminal and user app executed thereon for responsible personnel β, even if they are the same business operator. In this case, there is an advantage that the batch ID facilitates the transfer of management of objects between different responsible personnel within the same business operator.

[0068] In particular, when different businesses are responsible for each stage, permission for the transfer of an object between them may be input. For example, when an object harvested in a harvesting stage is transported in a transportation stage, the transportation business associated with the transportation stage may decide to accept ownership or possession of the object transferred from the harvesting stage to the transportation stage if it deems the object transferred from the harvesting stage to the transportation stage appropriate, and the transportation business may input to the user app that it accepts ownership or possession of the object (in association with the batch ID). In this case, the user app used by the transportation business may set the dynamic data of ownership or possession for the transportation stage for the object to "ownership" or "possession," and may record that the transportation business has accepted ownership or possession of the object transferred from the harvesting stage to the transportation stage, and store this data in the blockchain. On the other hand, if a transportation company associated with a transportation stage deems an object transferred from a harvesting stage to a transportation stage inappropriate, the transportation company may decide not to accept ownership or possession of the object transferred from the harvesting stage to the transportation stage, and the transportation company may input into the user app that the transportation company will not accept ownership or possession of the object (associated with the batch ID). In this case, the user app used by the transportation company may not set the dynamic ownership or possession data for the transportation stage for the object to "ownership" or "possession," and may record that the transportation company has not accepted ownership or possession of the object transferred from the harvesting stage to the transportation stage (rejection of acceptance), and store this data in the blockchain. Even if a problem occurs in the processing of an object at a certain stage in a supply chain or value chain, the system's ability to manage such a situation has the advantage of allowing for more flexible adaptation to the supply chain or value chain.

[0069] Furthermore, the system of this embodiment may be capable of various management of batch IDs. For example, a batch ID that has already been assigned may be removed by a remove command. Because batch IDs are assigned to objects flowing through the supply chain or value chain on a management unit basis, there may not be enough batch IDs when a large number of objects are assigned. Therefore, to promote the reuse of batch IDs, a process of removing batch IDs may be possible. Specifically, such a process may be a process of making the batch ID a candidate for assignment to a new object. Note that even in this case, the batch ID stored in the blockchain (which has already been removed and may be assigned to another product) remains unchanged, which has the advantage of allowing it to be used as management unit data.

[0070] Furthermore, the system of this embodiment may associate a new batch ID with an already assigned batch ID using a connect command. For example, the already assigned batch ID α is associated one-to-one with code data such as the barcode described above, but the code data may become unusable due to reasons such as the display becoming faded. Because the batch ID and code data are associated one-to-one, if the code data becomes unusable, it may be time-consuming to identify the batch ID, even if it can be manually entered. Therefore, by associating and assigning a new batch ID β to the batch ID α associated with the unusable code data and assigning code data to the new batch ID β, there is an advantage in that it becomes possible to access the batch ID α using the code data associated with the batch ID β.

[0071] Next, another example of stage transitions will be described. For example, consider the transportation stage, which is the stage after the harvest stage. A transportation business operator (for example, a transportation vehicle driver, but described as a user) transports the above-mentioned cardboard boxes. In this case, for the transportation, the operator inputs data on the start time of transportation, data on the vehicle number of the transportation vehicle, data on the name of the transportation driver, data on the temperature during transportation, data on the weight of the agricultural products to be transported, photo data showing the actual transportation status of the agricultural products, and / or geographical data of the transportation vehicle.

[0072] First, the user launches a user application that is executed on the user terminal used by the transport company.

[0073] Next, the user activates the user app to read code data attached to an item to be transported (e.g., the cardboard box containing the nine apples mentioned above). In response to the user's instruction to activate the code data reading mode, the user app may activate the imaging device in the user device and enter a state in which code data (e.g., a QR code) can be read, for example, as shown in FIG. 5 . If the user app identifies code data in the captured image, it reads the code data and acquires its contents. Note that the user app may sequentially read multiple code data upon receiving an instruction to read the next code data. In this figure, five items have been read consecutively, and the app is waiting for the user's instruction on whether to proceed with the next scan. Note that while the batch ID data is obtained using code data here, the batch ID data may also be obtained using other methods. For example, the user may manually input data identifying the batch ID (e.g., the batch ID itself) to acquire the batch ID data.

[0074] Next, after the user has finished reading all the code data, the user app may display the read batch ID as shown in FIG. 6. While this figure does not show dynamic data associated with the batch ID, as described above, dynamic data associated with the batch ID may be displayed during the harvesting stage. In this case, the user app may transmit data indicating one or more batch IDs to the system of this embodiment, and the system may identify and transmit dynamic data corresponding to the data indicating the one or more batch IDs to the user app, and the user app may then display the dynamic data acquired from the system of this embodiment. Alternatively, the user app may directly access the blockchain to acquire and display dynamic data corresponding to one or more batch IDs. In this configuration, particularly if the harvesting business and the transportation business are the same, there is no need to hide data regarding the harvesting stage during the transportation stage. Therefore, the various dynamic data entered during the harvesting stage may be displayed during the transportation stage as well. This type of display has the advantage of allowing the user to confirm the crops to be transported while also checking data about the crops (e.g., the harvest time and the farm area where they were harvested).

[0075] On the other hand, in cases where the harvesting company and the transportation company are different, the transportation company does not always need all of the dynamic data entered by the harvesting company, so the user terminal used by the transportation company may be configured not to display dynamic data at stages other than transportation. In this case, there is an advantage that confidential information of the companies at other stages can be protected.

[0076] Next, in the transportation stage, when transporting the cardboard boxes, the transportation company inputs data on the start time of transportation, data on the vehicle number of the transportation vehicle, data on the name of the transportation driver, data on the temperature during transportation, data on the weight of the agricultural products to be transported, photo data showing the actual transportation status of the agricultural products, and / or geographical data of the transportation vehicle. Such data may be input, for example, at the time of transportation, during transportation, and / or at the end of transportation, depending on the characteristics of the data.

[0077] Note that some of this data may be automatically acquired and stored by the user app from other devices in response to transportation, instead of being input by the transportation business operator. For example, the user app may acquire temperature data from a temperature sensor installed in the vehicle or a temperature sensor installed in the transportation warehouse where the vehicle transports the goods, and store the data in association with the batch ID. In this case, as described below, instead of specific temperature data values, a temperature evaluation (e.g., that a predetermined appropriate temperature was maintained during transportation) may be acquired and stored in association with the batch ID. The user app may also acquire data on the weight of the produce from a weighing scale and store the data in association with the batch ID. The user app may also acquire geographical data during transportation from a location measurement function installed in the user terminal on which the user app is running, and store the data in association with the batch ID.

[0078] The system of this embodiment may generate a batch ID corresponding to a stage, and the batch ID may be associated with dynamic data corresponding to all dynamic data types associated with the stage.

[0079] For example, FIG. 7 shows an example in which a single batch ID is stored in association with multiple pieces of dynamic data. In this example, the dynamic data associated with a transportation stage include a vehicle number, a transportation start point, a transportation end point, a transportation start date and time, a transportation end date and time, and the temperature inside the transportation warehouse. Here, for example, if only one sensor is installed for a transportation warehouse for a single vehicle, the temperature inside the transportation warehouse is measured only by that one sensor. Therefore, even for multiple agricultural products (e.g., a transportation vehicle that can carry 300 cardboard boxes containing six apples), there is only one vehicle number for the transportation stage, so only one batch is required. That is, all dynamic data, including the vehicle number, transportation start point, transportation end point, transportation start date and time, transportation end date and time, and the temperature inside the transportation warehouse, are the same for each vehicle. Even in this case, multiple batch IDs may be assigned to a single vehicle, rather than a single batch ID for each vehicle. On the other hand, for example, if 12 sensors are installed in a transport warehouse for a single vehicle, the 12 sensors may take different temperature values. In this case, at least 12 batch IDs (if a cardboard box is placed between two temperature sensors, multiple batch IDs may be set by calculating the average value of these two temperature sensors, etc.) may be provided, and the temperature sensor value (or a calculated value such as the above-mentioned average value) associated with the location in the vehicle where the cardboard box containing six apples is transported may be stored as the temperature sensor value for that batch ID. Furthermore, instead of the specific temperature sensor value itself as described above, a value indicating that the temperature is appropriate in relation to the crops, etc. (e.g., "the temperature is maintained appropriately") may be stored in the dynamic data.

[0080] Here, we will explain the aforementioned temperature. For example, data obtained from sensors, such as temperature and humidity, can change from moment to moment. However, sensor-related data stored as dynamic data may register evaluations of sensor-related data during a single stage. This configuration improves ease of management by managing multiple sensor data that can change from moment to moment as a single value for each stage (i.e., each batch). That is, as described below, dynamic data can be stored in a blockchain. If all values ​​of sensor measurement results were stored, the blockchain storage process would require a significant processing load and processing time. However, storing evaluation results for changes over a predetermined period, etc., in units of stages and batches offers the technical advantage of reducing such processing load and processing time. Note that while one form of system may have the above configuration, instead of this configuration, in order to store more accurate data, the dynamic data type for temperature may store specific values ​​of temperature data that can change from moment to moment. In this case, exceptionally, one piece of dynamic data, temperature data, may store multiple temperature data in one stage.

[0081] Furthermore, the system of this embodiment may associate and store, for each input stage, stored data corresponding to one or more static data types and / or stored data corresponding to one or more dynamic data types.

[0082] In particular, the static data and / or dynamic data may be stored in association with a batch ID that identifies the batch.

[0083] For example, Fig. 8 shows an example in which batch IDs are stored in association with static data and / or dynamic data. In this example, a cardboard box containing nine apples is treated as one batch ID, and the data is stored in association with the farm name (managed by ID) as static data, the area within the farm as dynamic data, the harvest time as dynamic data, etc.

[0084] Such batch IDs may be combined and / or split by the user. For example, the above example illustrates a transition of the batch ID for 90 apples from one cardboard box (containing nine apples) to one apple, and then back to one cardboard box (containing six apples). In this example, when the batch ID changes from one cardboard box (containing nine apples) to one apple, the batch ID is split. In this case, the system of this embodiment may store a split relationship table that records the relationship between the batch ID before splitting and the batch ID after splitting. FIG. 9 shows an example of such a split relationship table. Storing such a relationship has the advantage of enabling the pre-split batch ID to be identified from the post-split batch ID and enabling the storage of data for tracing the supply chain of the target item upstream.

[0085] In this example, when a batch ID is converted from one apple to one cardboard box (containing six apples), the batch IDs are combined. In this case, the system of this embodiment may store a combination relationship table that records the relationship between the pre-combined batch ID and the combined batch ID. FIG. 10 shows an example of such a combination relationship table. Storing such a relationship has the advantage of allowing the pre-combined batch ID to be identified from the combined batch ID, thereby enabling the storage of data for tracing the supply chain of the target object upstream. Note that in this case, the combination process associates multiple batch IDs from the pre-combined stage with a single batch ID in the combined stage. Therefore, when tracing the supply chain or value chain backward, it is not possible to uniquely determine the pre-combined batch ID in the pre-combined stage that corresponds to the combined batch ID in the combined stage. In this case, the process of tracing the batch IDs to be combined in the pre-combined stage in step 4 described below can be achieved by tracing all of the batch IDs to be combined. This process has the advantage of allowing the tracking data for the target object, described below, to be obtained even by combining batch IDs.

[0086] Although the above mainly describes examples related to agricultural products, the objects that the system of this embodiment can handle are not limited to agricultural products. For example, in a supply chain related to industrial products, the parts of the objects may be procured parts. Although it is preferable to define all processes in the supply chain as stages, the system of this embodiment may also define some processes in the supply chain as stages.

[0087] The system of this embodiment may store the acquired static data and / or dynamic data and the associated batch ID in the blockchain at each stage. For example, for a batch ID, when input for a certain stage is completed and the stage moves to the next stage (for example, when a user issues an instruction in the application to move to the next stage for a certain batch ID), the dynamic data and / or static data associated with the batch ID in the previous stage may be stored in the blockchain. In this way, storing data in the blockchain for each stage has the advantage that data is confirmed for each stage, potentially preventing subsequent tampering.

[0088] FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram illustrating the relationship between stages, batch IDs, and dynamic and / or static data stored in a blockchain. In this diagram, stages are designated A, B, and C, and the stages progress from A to C along the supply chain. Furthermore, for stage A, static data types are SA1 and SA2, etc., and dynamic data types are DA1 and DA2, etc.; for stage B, static data types are SB1 and SB2, etc., and dynamic data types are DB1 and DB2, etc.; and for stage C, static data types are SC1 and SC2, etc., and dynamic data types are DC1 and DCA2, etc. In this case, the blockchain may be typically associated with batch ID 1 and batch ID 2, respectively, and data corresponding to each of these data types may be stored. For example, since static data types do not change between batch IDs, XXX1, 2, 6, 7, 11, and 12 may be the same data for batch ID 1 and batch ID 2. Note that within a blockchain, static data may refer to the same data or may point to the same data in a different location. On the other hand, dynamic data types may differ for each batch ID (although they may also be the same), so batch ID 2 is indicated as △△△, which is different from XXX.

[0089] Furthermore, such storage in the blockchain may be processed by each user application directly communicating with the blockchain. For example, in cases where users can be limited by login authentication or the like, and data is stored directly in the blockchain from each user application using a private key and encryption key in a public key cryptosystem, the application may be capable of determining whether data has been spoofed. For example, each user application may encrypt a hash value of dynamic data and / or static data associated with a batch ID using a private key in the public key cryptosystem associated with the user application. Each user application may transmit the dynamic data and / or static data associated with the batch ID and the encrypted hash value to the blockchain. In response to such transmission, the blockchain may associate the dynamic data and / or static data associated with the batch ID with the encrypted hash value and store it in the blockchain. In this case, as described below, if the encrypted hash value can be decrypted using a public key in the public key cryptosystem associated with each user, it is advantageous to determine whether the dynamic data and / or static data associated with the batch ID is data entered by the user application and whether the data has been spoofed.

[0090] Alternatively, instead of a configuration in which the user application and the blockchain communicate directly, each user application may store data in the blockchain via a server related to the system of this embodiment. Even in this case, as described above, the user application may calculate a hash value for static data and / or dynamic data associated with a batch ID using a hash function and encrypt the hash value with the user application's private key. The user application may then transmit the static data and / or dynamic data associated with the batch ID and the associated encrypted hash value to the server. The server may then transmit the static data and / or dynamic data associated with the batch ID and the associated encrypted hash value to the blockchain, and upon receiving this transmission, the blockchain may store the static data and / or dynamic data associated with the batch ID and the associated encrypted hash value. This has the advantage of improving the reliability of authentication, since it may be possible to determine whether the static data and / or dynamic data associated with the batch ID has been spoofed. Similarly, in the case of storing the authentication data described above, the blockchain may transmit a key, which is data for identifying a location for storing static data and / or dynamic data associated with a batch ID, to the server, and the server may store the key. This has the advantage that the data can be identified within the blockchain by the key.

[0091] In the system of the present embodiment, the flow has been described in which, in step 2, static data corresponding to static data types for all stages in the supply chain is accepted and stored, and in step 3, dynamic data corresponding to dynamic data types for all stages in the supply chain is accepted and stored. However, other input flows are also possible. For example, the system of the present embodiment may accept and store, at each stage, static data corresponding to the static data type of step 2 from the relevant parties in charge of each stage, and accept and store dynamic data corresponding to the dynamic data type of step 3. In this case, steps 2 and 3 may be input in reverse order for each stage. In other words, when an object has progressed through all stages along the supply chain and reached the next step 4, static data corresponding to the static data type and / or dynamic data corresponding to the dynamic data type may be accepted and stored via steps 2 and / or 3.

[0092] Step 4: The system of this embodiment may display data related to supply chain tracking to a user. The user may be anyone interested in data related to supply chain or value chain tracking. For example, if the target object is an agricultural product or an industrial product, the user may be a general end consumer or a retailer. The user may also be an appraiser who assesses the quality, origin, etc. of the target object.

[0093] For example, a computer program executed on a terminal used by an end user (sometimes referred to herein as an "end user app") may display tracking data on the terminal used by the end user (sometimes referred to herein as an "end user terminal"). The tracking data may include factual data related to the object and / or the authentication data described above. The factual data related to the object may include, for example, geographic data of parties involved in the creation, processing, and / or transportation of the object, name data of the parties, data indicating the organizations to which the parties belong, and / or the authentication data described above. The tracking data may also include data indicating whether or not the object has been tampered with, associated with the factual data related to the object and / or the authentication data described above.

[0094] Such tracking data may be identified as follows: First, the end user application in the system of this embodiment may identify the object. For example, the end user application may read code data, such as a barcode, a QR code, and / or an RFID, attached to the final object and identify the batch ID based on the code data.

[0095] Next, the end user application may communicate with the blockchain based on the batch ID, obtain static data and / or dynamic data at each stage associated with each batch ID stored in the blockchain, and display them in the end consumer application. Here, the end user application may display data indicating whether each data has been tampered with in association with the data. The presence or absence of such tampering may be determined using a function within the blockchain.

[0096] When the end-user application displays static data and / or dynamic data in association with whether or not such data has been tampered with, the user can understand the data while confirming whether or not the static data and / or dynamic data can be trusted. While the above description describes a mode in which static data and / or dynamic data is displayed in association with data on whether or not the data has been tampered with, it is also possible to display only static data and / or dynamic data that has been shown to be free of tampering. This mode has the advantage that the user can understand that all of the displayed static data and / or dynamic data is trustworthy.

[0097] Furthermore, if the hash values ​​of such static data and / or dynamic data are encrypted with the private key of the public key cryptography of the user application, the end user application may determine that the static data and / or dynamic data have not been input by anyone other than the user application, i.e., that the data have not been spoofed, by decrypting the hash values ​​with the public key of the public key cryptography of the user application. In this case, the end user application can determine that the data was input by each party along the supply chain, which has the advantage of being able to determine whether or not the data has been spoofed.

[0098] The server may also be configured to determine whether or not tampering has occurred. For example, if a user application stores static data and / or dynamic data in the blockchain via a server related to the system of this embodiment, the server can decrypt the encrypted hash value of the data stored in the blockchain using the public key related to the user application, thereby determining that the data was generated by the user application and detecting impersonation. The server may also determine whether or not tampering has occurred by comparing the hash value stored in the blockchain and acquired from the blockchain with the hash value obtained by directly applying a hash function to the static data and / or dynamic data. In these cases, the server may use the above-mentioned key to identify the data in the blockchain that the end user application is attempting to display.

[0099] In addition to determining whether the static data and / or dynamic data have been tampered with and / or whether the static data and / or dynamic data have been spoofed, the end-user application may also have a function to further improve the reliability of the data. For example, if the dynamic data includes geographic data of the user terminal and the static data includes data indicating the range in which the user terminal may be used (e.g., data indicating the range of the premises used by the organization using the user terminal, such as the area of ​​a farm), the end-user application may improve the reliability of the data by determining whether the geographic data of the user terminal is included in the data indicating the range. More specifically, the end-user application advantageously further improves the reliability of the data by displaying the results of determining whether the static data and dynamic data have not been tampered with, determining that the geographic data included in the dynamic data is included in the data indicating the range included in the static data, and determining that the user terminal used by the business operator has not been spoofed in the static data. Note that these determinations may be made by a server communicating between the blockchain and the end-user application, and the determination results may be transmitted to and displayed on the end-user application.

[0100] An example of tracking data displayed by the end user app is shown in Figure 12. In this figure, the object is cinnamon, and the end user app may read code data, such as a QR code displayed on a package of cinnamon, and use the batch ID associated with the code data to identify static and / or dynamic data related to each stage of the cinnamon as it moves along the supply chain, and display tracking data based on that data.

[0101] Here, tracking data may be categorized and displayed as, for example, Origin (trajectory data of the object), Certifications (certification data of the object), Sustainability (data on the sustainability of the object), and / or Community (community data of the object). Origin may be factual data related to the object, such as the place of origin or the parties involved. Certifications may be data related to certifications among the factual data related to the object. Sustainability may be data related to sustainability among the factual data related to the object, such as soil tests, using only specific rivers that have passed specified inspections as water sources, or applying specified organic farming methods. Community may be data related to the community among the factual data related to the object, such as data related to social interactions, such as whether each party has a bank account or is improving infrastructure.

[0102] FIG. 13 is an example of an end-user application displaying geographical data in a supply chain. Objects move geographically along the supply chain, and the end-user application may display the movement path overlaid on two-dimensional or three-dimensional map data. This display of geographical movement allows users to understand the route the objects (especially intermediate objects) have taken. This display of geographical movement may also be associated with the time data of the locations at each location. This has the advantage of allowing users to understand the movement path of the objects (including intermediate objects) over time.

[0103] Such geographical data may be based on the static data and / or dynamic data input in steps 2 and 3. That is, the end user application may acquire, for each stage, from the factual data related to the object, geographical data of the locations of the parties corresponding to each stage (e.g., for parties corresponding to stages such as breeding, harvesting, and processing plants, the geographical data of the locations of these parties) and temporal data at the end of the stage, and geographical data related to the movement of the object (e.g., for a transportation stage, the geographical data when the vehicle actually moves) and temporal data at the end of the stage, determine whether these have been tampered with and / or spoofed, and use the untampered and / or spoofed geographical data and temporal data to overlay them on map data and display them on the end user application.

[0104] While the above describes an example of an agricultural supply chain involving multiple parties, multiple parties are not required for the supply chain targeted by the system of this embodiment. For example, even when a single party, such as a single company, manages an object, the company must manage multiple objects. Therefore, the technology of the present application advantageously facilitates management of multiple objects using different batch IDs. In such cases, the supply chain or value chain may be in the form of a direct-to-consumer (D2C) system, such as manufacturing by a single company, or may be part of a supply chain or value chain that inherently includes transactions between multiple parties. In particular, in the latter case, even if the supply chain or value chain includes transactions between multiple parties, the system of this embodiment may initially be used in part of the supply chain or value chain. Furthermore, these cases in which the system is used by a single party are also useful when one or more employees handle multiple objects. This is particularly useful when multiple employees at a single company work together to manage a single object, and when these multiple employees each use user terminals and are responsible for multiple stages, because it facilitates management of a single object across multiple stages. However, even when one person in one company manages multiple stages, it is useful from the viewpoint of managing multiple objects.

[0105] 3.1.1. Variation 1 of the System of the First Embodiment The system of the present embodiment is a variation of the system of the first embodiment, and the following description will focus on the differences from the system of the first embodiment, and will omit a description of the same parts as the system of the first embodiment.

[0106] The system of this embodiment is an example of use in the supply chain of jeweled rings. Some jeweled rings are highly valuable, and buyers often want to know data such as the type of jewel and how it is cut. Also, jeweled rings may come with an appraisal certificate, and buyers of the rings are interested in the authenticity of the certificate.

[0107] The system of this embodiment has the advantage that when data on various facts in the supply chain regarding a jeweled ring is stored in a blockchain, tampering of the stored data can be prevented or determined, allowing users to trade jewels with confidence in the data. Also, when data on various facts in the supply chain regarding a jeweled ring is encrypted with a private key based on a user application related to input and stored in a blockchain, spoofing of the stored data can be determined, allowing users to trade jewels with confidence in the data.

[0108] 14 shows an example of stages in the supply chain for a jeweled ring and the static and / or dynamic data types associated with each stage. In the system of the first embodiment, these static and / or dynamic data may be entered and stored in the blockchain in steps 2 and 3.

[0109] For example, in the above-mentioned step 3, in stage 4 "authentication," an authenticator may authenticate a gemstone, which is an intermediate object (for example, a batch ID may be assigned to each individual gemstone after cutting). Here, the authenticator measures the species, variety, color, weight, size, etc. of the actual gemstone associated with the batch ID, and inputs this data into the above-mentioned authenticator app. The authenticator app may authenticate the authenticator in advance by authenticating an ID, password, etc. Then, the data regarding the gemstone entered by the authenticator via the authenticator app is associated with the batch ID indicating the gemstone and stored in the blockchain, thereby making it possible to prevent or determine tampering with this data.

[0110] Similarly, in the above-mentioned Step 3, in "Verification" of Stage 6 and "Appraisal" of Stage 7, the verifier and appraiser each input the results of the verification or appraisal (e.g., appraisal report) into the above-mentioned authenticator app, and the authenticator app associates this with a batch ID indicating the gemstone rough to be verified or appraised and stores it in the blockchain, making it possible to prevent or determine tampering with this data. Also, if this input data (e.g., data related to authentication by the verifier and data related to authentication by the appraiser, as described above) is encrypted with an encryption key related to each authenticator app, it becomes possible to determine whether or not it has been spoofed by decrypting the corresponding data.

[0111] This has the advantage that in step 4, a purchaser or potential purchaser of a jeweled ring can obtain data about the ring, along with data on whether or not it has been tampered with, via the blockchain.

[0112] For example, if the end-user application displays static and / or dynamic data related to each authentication, verification, and / or authentication stage included in the tracking data, and also displays that such data has not been tampered with, the user has the advantage of being able to view data on how the authentication, verification, and / or authentication was performed while confirming that the data has not been tampered with in the end-user application.

[0113] Furthermore, for example, the end-user application may determine that license-related data included in the tracking data (for example, the excavation license number and excavation license expiration date in the case of excavation, or the export license ID and export license expiration date in the case of export) has not been tampered with, and display the determination result, thereby enabling the user to confirm whether the excavation and export of the gem-set ring have been legally carried out. Furthermore, the end-user application may further communicate with a system related to the issuance of excavation licenses to confirm the excavation license number, communicate with a system related to the issuance of export licenses to confirm the export license ID, and / or compare the expiration dates of each license with the actual dates (date and time of excavation or date of receipt of export invoice), thereby determining whether the excavation and / or export are legal and displaying the result.

[0114] Furthermore, for example, the end-user app may display various photographs in the tracking data on the end-user app after determining that they have not been tampered with. In this case, the user can advantageously understand the specific image through the photographs. For example, the photographic data may be photographic data capturing the chronological transition of an object along the supply chain, such as a rough gemstone, a polished gemstone, or a gemstone attached to a ring. When such photographic data is displayed on the end-user app, the user can advantageously understand the chronological transition of an object along the supply chain. Furthermore, the photographic data may be license-related photographic data, such as a photograph of an excavation license, a photograph of an export license, and / or a photograph showing appraisal qualifications. When such photographic data is displayed on the end-user app, the user can advantageously use the photographic data to understand the qualifications held and, if necessary, have data that can be used for further investigation. Furthermore, the photographic data may be photographs of the parties involved, such as a photograph of the excavator, a photograph of the cutter, a photograph of the appraiser, a photograph of the verifier, and / or a photograph of the craftsman. When such photo data is displayed on the end user's app, there is an advantage that the user may feel a greater sense of intimacy and trust.

[0115] Furthermore, if the end user app displays, for example, the experience (e.g., years) of the cutter who performs the cutting or the experience (e.g., years) of the craftsman who performs the ring setting, the user has the advantage of being able to understand what kind of experienced people were involved.

[0116] Furthermore, if the end user application displays each stage in chronological order and also displays date data relating to each stage, there is an advantage that any inconsistencies between them can be easily noticed.

[0117] 3.1.2. Modification 2 of the System of the First Embodiment The system of this embodiment is a modification of the system of the first embodiment, and the following description will focus on the differences from the system of the first embodiment, and will omit a description of the same parts as the system of the first embodiment.

[0118] The system of this embodiment is an example of use in the supply chain of alcohol production. There are various ways to make alcohol depending on the ideas of the brewer. Furthermore, when alcohol fans find alcohol appealing, they may also become interested in the alcohol production process. Therefore, when the system of this embodiment uses and displays data on the alcohol production process, it has the advantage of further increasing users' (such as alcohol fans') interest in alcohol.

[0119] The system of this embodiment has the advantage that when data on various facts in the supply chain regarding the alcohol production process is stored in a blockchain, tampering of the stored data can be prevented or determined, allowing users to trust the data and increase their interest in alcohol.Furthermore, when data on various facts in the supply chain regarding the alcohol production process is encrypted with a private key based on a user app related to input and stored in a blockchain, spoofing of the stored data can be determined, allowing users to trust the data and increase their interest in alcohol.

[0120] 15 shows an example of multiple stages in a supply chain for alcoholic beverages, and the static and / or dynamic data types associated with each stage. In the system of the first embodiment, these static and / or dynamic data may be input and stored in the blockchain in steps 2 and 3. This provides an advantage that in step 4, a purchaser of alcoholic beverages can determine whether or not this data has been tampered with via the blockchain.

[0121] For example, in the above-mentioned step 3, in the "grade inspection" of stage 6, brown rice, which is an intermediate object (for example, a batch ID may be assigned to each predetermined amount), may be inspected. Here, the inspection agency inspects the grade (the percentage of brown rice that is grade 1 or higher) of the actual object associated with the batch ID, and inputs this data into the above-mentioned authenticator app. The authenticator app may authenticate the authenticator in advance by authenticating an ID, password, etc. Then, these inspection result data entered by the authenticator via the authenticator app are associated with the batch ID indicating the predetermined amount of brown rice and stored in the blockchain, which may prevent tampering with this data.

[0122] Similarly, in the above-mentioned Step 3, in Stage 7 "Storage of Brown Rice," the analysis institution inputs the analysis results (e.g., analytical data on the subject, such as moisture content, protein content, amylose content, fatty acid content, etc.) into the above-mentioned authenticator app, and the authenticator app associates this data with the batch ID indicating the brown rice being analyzed and stores it in the blockchain, thereby preventing tampering with this data.

[0123] This has the advantage that in step 4, alcohol purchasers or those considering purchasing alcohol can obtain data about the alcohol, along with data on whether or not it has been tampered with, via the blockchain.

[0124] For example, if the end-user app displays static and / or dynamic data related to grading and / or analysis at the grading and / or brown rice storage stage included in the tracking data, and also displays that such data has not been tampered with, the user has the advantage of being able to view the data on how the grading and / or analysis was performed in the end-user app while confirming that it has not been tampered with.

[0125] Furthermore, for example, the end user application may display various photographs in the tracking data on the end user application after determining that they have not been tampered with, or together with data on whether or not they have been tampered with. In this case, there is an advantage that the user can understand a concrete image through the photographs.

[0126] For example, the photographic data may be photographic data capturing the transition of an object over time along a supply chain, such as a photograph of rice, a photograph of unhulled rice, a photograph of brown rice, a photograph of a package, a photograph of a package after inspection, a photograph of brown rice before milling, a photograph of white rice after milling, and / or a photograph of the results of rice milling ratio. When such photographic data is displayed on an end user app, there is an advantage that the user can understand the transition of an object over time along the supply chain.

[0127] Furthermore, the photo data may be photographic data relating to the status of an object or a use, such as photos of rice planting, photos of rice work, photos of harvesting, photos of rice field scenery, photos of drying, photos of hulling, photos of transportation, photos of delivery, photos of inspection status, photos of storage status, photos of rice milling, photos of storage, photos of the sowing, middle, and sieving stages, photos of the upper layer and filtration stage, and photos of bottling. When such photo data is displayed on the end user app, there is an advantage that the user can understand the status of the object or the use using the photo data. Furthermore, the photo data may be photos of the farmer and / or photos of the person in charge, or other people involved. When such photo data is displayed on the end user app, there is an advantage that the user may feel a greater sense of intimacy and trust.

[0128] Furthermore, if the end user application displays each stage in chronological order and also displays date data relating to each stage, there is an advantage that any inconsistencies between them can be easily noticed.

[0129] 3.2. System of the Second Embodiment The system of this embodiment uses the reliability data of each related person in the system of the first embodiment (including the modified example).

[0130] In the system of the first embodiment, each party in the supply chain inputs various data to the system. After the data is input, the blockchain can prevent tampering. However, no measures are taken to determine whether the initial data input by each party to the system has been tampered with by each party. The system of this embodiment uses data on the trustworthiness of each party as data for estimating the accuracy of the initial data input by each party.

[0131] Various calculation methods may be used to calculate the data indicating the trustworthiness. For example, as an example of data used in the system of this embodiment, data relating to one or more other parties who have a predetermined relationship with one related party may be used to calculate data indicating the trustworthiness of the related party. Here, suppose that when calculating data indicating the trustworthiness of related party A, the other one or more other parties who have a relationship with related party A are parties B1 to BN.

[0132] The data indicating the trustworthiness of related party A may be, for example, data based on data related to related parties B1 to BN who have input data indicating that related party A can be trusted. For example, the data indicating the trustworthiness of related party A may be data related to the number of related parties B who have input data indicating that related party A can be trusted into the system of this embodiment. For example, if the number of related parties B who have input data indicating that related party A can be trusted is five, the data indicating the trustworthiness of related party A may be 5. The data may also be proportional data of the number of related parties B1 to BN who have input data indicating that related party A can be trusted. For example, if the number of related parties B1 to BN is 10 (N = 10) and the number of related parties B who have input data indicating that related party A can be trusted is five, the data may be allocated data such as 5 / 10 (= 0.5). The data indicating the trustworthiness of related party A may also be based on data indicating the degree of trust in related party A by related parties B1 to BN. For example, if the degree of trust in related party A is rated as 8 for related party B1, 5 for related party B2, and 8 for related party B3 on a scale of 1 to 10, the total is 21, so the data indicating the degree of trust in related party A may be the total number 21, or it may be a number obtained by dividing 21, which is a total of 7, by the number of people, 3. Furthermore, the data indicating the degree of trust in related party A may be a weighted number based on the numbers of related parties B1 to BN. For example, the data indicating the degree of trust in related party A may be calculated by weighting the numerical value related to each of the trust of related parties B1 to BN in related party A by the data indicating the trust level of each of related parties B1 to BN.

[0133] In the above, the parties B1 to BN may be parties within a specific supply chain targeted by the system of this embodiment, or they may not be parties within such a specific supply chain. For example, if the only parties in a supply chain are C1, C2, and C3, the parties used to calculate the data indicating the trustworthiness of party A may be only C1, C2, and C3, or may be C1, C2, C4, etc. In the former case, the predetermined relationship between party A and parties B1 to BN may be a relationship in which they are parties within the same supply chain. In the latter case, the predetermined relationship between party A and parties B1 to BN may be a relationship in which parties B1 to BN have known party A regardless of their relationship with the supply chain. In this case, the predetermined relationship may be friendship, relatives, and / or past business relationships. The system of this embodiment has the advantage of being able to collect data that can be used to calculate the data indicating the trustworthiness of party A in a broad range of contexts, regardless of whether it is related to improving the value of the specific supply chain targeted by the system.

[0134] Furthermore, data indicating the trustworthiness of related party A may be calculated using data indicating the degree of related party A's contribution to the system of this embodiment. The data indicating the degree of contribution may include the degree of donation to the system of this embodiment. Such donation may be in a predetermined currency. The predetermined currency may be legal tender or virtual currency. Virtual currency may be cryptocurrency. The degree of donation may be an absolute monetary value or a relative value. The absolute value may be, for example, the amount itself, such as XX. On the other hand, the relative value may be the value of the donation relative to a predetermined value. For example, the relative value may be a value relative to the total donations, or a proportional value with the donation as the numerator and the denominator of the predetermined value. The degree of donation by related party A can be used to estimate the degree of importance related party A attaches to or trusts in the system, and the degree of such donation can be used to estimate the trustworthiness of related party A in relation to the system. Furthermore, companies that have not yet gained the trust of surrounding parties, such as entrepreneurs and ventures, may also benefit from gaining trust through donations.

[0135] As described above, the data indicating the trustworthiness of related party A may be data calculated based on a formula using data relating to B1 to BN that have a predetermined relationship with related party A, and / or data indicating the degree of contribution that related party A has made to the system of this embodiment.

[0136] The reliability data and its processing may be added to the system of the first embodiment.

[0137] Step 1: In step 1 of the system of the first embodiment, the system of the present embodiment may acquire a data type indicating the trustworthiness of the entities involved in the supply chain as static data, and may store such data in a blockchain.

[0138] For example, static data may be assigned to each of the parties involved, such as a farm, a transporter, a packer, a distributor, etc. The data type indicating the reliability may be automatically assigned by the system of this embodiment. In this case, the burden of inputting the data type indicating the reliability in step 1 is reduced.

[0139] In step 2 of the system of the first embodiment, the system of this embodiment may acquire data indicating a specific trustworthiness of each party in the supply chain and store the data in association with each corresponding party. The system of this embodiment may also store the associated data in a blockchain.

[0140] The system of this embodiment may, for example, calculate and store such specific reliability data for related party A based on a formula that uses data related to B1 to BN that have a predetermined relationship with related party A and / or data indicating the degree of contribution of related party A to the system of this embodiment, as described above. Here, the data related to B1 to BN that have a predetermined relationship with related party A and / or data indicating the degree of contribution of related party A to the system of this embodiment may be stored in advance in the system of this embodiment.

[0141] The system of this embodiment may acquire and store in advance data relating to B1 to BN who have a predetermined relationship with related party A, and / or data indicating the degree of related party A's contribution to the system of this embodiment. For example, data relating to B1 to BN who have a predetermined relationship with related party A may be acquired from related parties B1 to BN in advance through a questionnaire or the like. The data collected in such a questionnaire may be binary data indicating trustworthiness or data indicating the degree of trustworthiness. The latter may be, for example, numerical data such as 100% confidence, 80% confidence, or 30% confidence, or data from multiple categories such as B or E on a five-point scale from A to E. Furthermore, the system of this embodiment may acquire in advance data indicating the degree of related party A's contribution to the system of this embodiment from data indicating the degree of contribution, such as currency, acquired from related party A, or from another system.

[0142] Step 3: Data indicating trustworthiness is generally not changed frequently and is therefore considered to belong to the static data type. However, in rapidly changing industries, it may be set to belong to the dynamic data type. In this way, when the data indicating trustworthiness is dynamic data, in step 3 of the system of the first embodiment, the system of this embodiment may acquire data indicating specific trustworthiness of each party in the supply chain and store it in association with each corresponding party. Furthermore, the system of this embodiment may store such associated data in a blockchain.

[0143] Step 4 In step 4 of the first embodiment of the system, the end user application may calculate and display data indicating the confidence level for a particular object.

[0144] For example, the end user app may calculate, for one party A in the supply chain or value chain, a value obtained by calculating a predetermined function using as arguments the number N of parties who trust party A to a predetermined degree and the amount of contribution made by party A to the system, and the end user app may display the calculated value in association with party A. As another example, the end user app may calculate, for one party A in the supply chain or value chain, a value obtained by calculating a formula in which the degree of trust in party A by parties B1 to BN who trust party A is weighted by the degree of contribution made by each of parties B1 to BN to the system, and the end user app may display the calculated value in association with party A. As yet another example, the end user app may calculate, for one party A in the supply chain or value chain, a value obtained by calculating a formula in which the degree of trust in party A by parties B1 to BN who trust party A is weighted by the degree of business between party A and each of parties B1 to BN (e.g., transaction amount), and the end user app may display the calculated value in association with party A.

[0145] Furthermore, the system of this embodiment may calculate the reliability using a formula selected by the user. For example, before displaying data indicating the reliability to the consumer, the end-user application may display, for example, the above-mentioned multiple formulas to the consumer as formulas for calculating the data indicating the reliability, and allow the consumer to select one from the multiple formulas. If such a selection is made, the end-user application may calculate and display the data indicating the reliability using the selected formula. In this case, there is an advantage that the reliability can be measured based on the formula that the user trusts. For example, there is an advantage that the reliability calculated can be obtained after selecting the characteristics of the formula, such as whether or not to include the degree of contribution to the system as a factor.

[0146] 3.3. System of Third Embodiment The system of this embodiment is the system of the first embodiment, which collects and calculates data on the carbon footprint generated in the supply chain of an object such as a final product, from raw materials to sales.

[0147] There are many benefits to using carbon footprints for businesses. By displaying CO2 emissions, businesses and products can appeal to consumers as environmentally conscious. In particular, efforts to reduce CO2 emissions can be displayed numerically, and there are also benefits such as cost savings when taxes on emissions or emissions trading exist.

[0148] Carbon footprinting is the calculation of the amount of CO2 generated throughout the entire supply chain of a product (including recycling in some cases). This means that it is not just a matter of measuring the amount of CO2 emitted by each business in the supply chain, but rather a calculation of the amount of CO2 emitted throughout the entire supply chain, which means that it is not easy to calculate across multiple businesses.

[0149] In the system of the first embodiment, each party in the supply chain performs an action (harvesting, transportation, etc.) at their assigned stage and inputs the related data into the system. The inventors of the present application discovered that by inputting data related to CO2 in the supply chain into the system, it is possible to easily calculate the amount of CO2 for an object such as a final product.

[0150] Below, explanations of the same parts as in the system of the first embodiment will be omitted, and only the differences will be explained.

[0151] Step 1 In step 1 of the system of the first embodiment, one or more data types related to CO2 amount may be assigned to each stage. The data types related to CO2 amount may consist of only two types: a data type related to CO2 absorption and a data type related to CO2 emission. The data related to CO2 absorption may include, for example, the amount of forest owned by the relevant party. The data type related to CO2 emission may relate to CO2 emission caused by the status and / or actions of each business entity.

[0152] Here, the unit of data stored in the data type related to CO2 amount may be the amount of CO2 per batch, or the amount of CO2 per unit that corresponds to the sales format to the end consumer. In the case of CO2 per batch, calculations can be performed in the units used by each business, which has the advantage of making it easier to handle. In this case, the unit can be changed to correspond to the sales format to the end consumer at the final stage when the sales format to the end consumer is determined.

[0153] The data type related to the CO2 amount may be a static data type and / or a dynamic data type. An example of a static data type related to the CO2 amount is when, for example, forest volume generally does not fluctuate over a given period (even if it does fluctuate, it is only slight), and therefore is considered not to change depending on the production of the object, and thus the forest volume may be a static data type. An example of a dynamic data type related to the CO2 amount is when a specific object changes due to a change in raw material. Specifically, for an object AO produced using raw material A and an object BO produced using raw material B, the data related to the CO2 amount may differ depending on the raw material production process, raw material procurement process, etc. Furthermore, even in the production process of the same object in the supply chain, the data related to the CO2 amount may change depending on the time of year. Specifically, in the supply chain, the transportation route of the object (or intermediate objects used for the object) in summer may differ from the transportation route of the object in winter due to snow accumulation, etc., and therefore the data related to the CO2 amount may change depending on the time of year.

[0154] Step 2: If the data related to the amount of CO2 is a static data type, in step 2 of the system of the first embodiment, the system of this embodiment may acquire data related to the amount of CO2 absorbed and / or emitted at each stage as a static data type at each stage.

[0155] Step 3: If the data related to the amount of CO2 is a dynamic data type, in step 2 of the system of the first embodiment, the system of this embodiment may acquire data related to the amount of CO2 absorbed and / or emitted at each stage as the dynamic data type at each stage.

[0156] Step 4 In step 4 of the system of the first embodiment, the end user application may calculate data relating to the amount of CO2 for a specific object and display the calculated data relating to the amount of CO2.

[0157] For example, consider the case where, as the static data type in step 2 described above, the system of this embodiment acquires absorption amounts A1 and emissions A2 as data related to CO2 amounts for stage A, and absorption amounts B1 and emissions B2 as data related to CO2 amounts for stage B. As described above, the system of this embodiment stores the batch relationships between each stage. Furthermore, assume that the ratios of batches in stages A and B to the total object provided to the consumer are XA and XB, respectively. For example, if the final object is one apple, and one batch in stage A is nine, XA is 1 / 9, and if one batch in stage B is six, XB is 1 / 6. In this case, the end-user app acquires the CO2 amount data A1, A2, B1, and B2 and the batch relationships, and uses this data to calculate the CO2 emissions for the final object, for example, by calculating the formula (A2 - A1) / XA + (B2 - B1) / XB. The user app may then calculate and display this CO2 emissions. In this case, the consumer has the advantage of being able to know the CO2 emissions of the final object. Furthermore, the end user app may display the CO2 emissions of such a particular object in association with the object before the consumer purchases the object. In this case, the consumer has the advantage of being able to understand the CO2 emissions of the object before purchasing it.

[0158] The end user app may also display a breakdown of the CO2 emissions of the target product by each party and / or by stage. In the above example, for example, (A2-A1) / XA and (B2-B1) / XB may be displayed in association with stages A and B, respectively. This has the advantage that consumers can understand the CO2 emissions of each party in the supply chain.

[0159] The end-user app may also store multiple equations for calculating the CO2 emissions of the target object and use one of the multiple equations. For example, the end-user app may display multiple equations for calculating the CO2 emissions of the target object to the end user, and calculate the CO2 emissions of the target object using one equation selected by the user in response to the display. In particular, the multiple equations available for selection may be displayed together with an explanation of the calculation method used by each equation. This has the advantage of allowing the user to understand the meaning of each equation before making a selection. The explanation for each equation may be, for example, a method proposed by Professor XX of XX University, a method developed by XX Research Institute, a method used in a well-known XX, or a method approved by XX Country. Furthermore, each equation may correspond to a corresponding method, and such a display has the advantage of allowing the user to understand the CO2 emissions calculated using a method they understand and believe in.

[0160] 3.4 System of the Fourth Embodiment The systems of the present embodiment described below are aspects that can be used in the systems of the first to third embodiments described above, and additionally utilize NFTs (non-fungible tokens) in a blockchain. The technology for realizing the NFT itself may be a known technology; for example, in the case of an Ethereum blockchain, ERC-721 or ERC-1155 may be used as the NFT.

[0161] 3.4.1 System of 4.1 Embodiment The system of this embodiment is configured to store various data stored in the process of generating a final object in association with an NFT in each of the systems of the first to third embodiments described above. For example, some or all of the data generated in the manufacturing process of a final object in the supply chain or value chain of the final object may be stored in association with an NFT.

[0162] For example, in the system of the first embodiment described above, the first data and the second data generated in each stage may be associated with each other.

[0163] For example, in the case of an agricultural supply chain in the system of the first embodiment, an NFT associated with some or all of the static data types and dynamic data types at each stage (reproduction, harvest, etc.) shown in Figure 3 may be generated and stored in the blockchain. For example, the system of the first embodiment may generate and store such an NFT in the blockchain at the final stage of the supply chain or value chain, after the final stage of Step 3 described above, or at the stage of displaying tracking data in the end user app in Step 4. Furthermore, when the NFT is sold to an end consumer in the end user app, the end user may be set as the owner of the NFT in the blockchain.

[0164] In this case, the NFT is associated with data about the purchased final object. That is, the NFT is associated with process data about how the purchased final object was manufactured, such as, for example, data about which parties (static data type) in which geographic locations manufactured the final object at each stage, and the manufacturing conditions under which the final object was manufactured during the manufacturing process (e.g., the temperature at which the object was kept warm, the transportation conditions, etc.). In this case, the system of the first embodiment may associate the NFT data with both one or more first data and one or more second data at all stages in the supply chain or value chain, issue the NFT data on the blockchain, store the NFT data on the blockchain, and have the owner of the NFT data set the final purchaser of the object in the supply chain or value chain on the blockchain.

[0165] Therefore, such an NFT has the advantage of allowing the end consumer to access data about the final object. In particular, in the above-described system, when the first data and / or second data includes authentication data, the NFT associated with the first data identifies the type of authentication the final object has undergone. Authentication includes, for example, authentication indicating that the final object was manufactured using a predetermined environmentally friendly method. In this case, the owner of the NFT can objectively demonstrate that the final object represented by the NFT was manufactured using a predetermined environmentally friendly method, thereby demonstrating that the end consumer has contributed to the environment. Furthermore, when authentication includes, for example, authentication guaranteeing the quality of the final object, the owner of the NFT can objectively demonstrate that the final object represented by the NFT is of a predetermined quality, thereby demonstrating that the end consumer values ​​quality.

[0166] Furthermore, for example, in the case of Variation 1 of the system of the first embodiment, for a certain gemstone, all of the static and / or dynamic data types of data for multiple stages (excavation, cutting, collection, authentication, etc.) in FIG. 14 may be associated with one NFT and stored in the blockchain, and the final purchaser of the gemstone may be set as the owner of the NFT. For example, if the static and / or dynamic data types for stages such as excavation, cutting, ring setting, and delivery indicate that environmentally friendly methods have been used, the purchaser of the gemstone can be objectively identified as an environmentally conscious purchaser of the gemstone. Furthermore, if the static and / or dynamic data types for stages in the gemstone supply chain or value chain include, for example, authentication that guarantees the quality of the final object, the ownership of the NFT by the final consumer can be objectively identified as a quality-conscious person.

[0167] Furthermore, for example, in the case of Variation 2 of the system of the first embodiment, for a certain alcoholic beverage, all of the static and / or dynamic data types of data for multiple stages (rice planting, rice cultivation, harvesting, brown rice storage, mash making, top layer / filtration, etc.) in FIG. 15 may be associated with a single NFT, which may be issued on the blockchain and stored and processed on the blockchain. The ultimate purchaser of the alcoholic beverage in the supply chain or value chain may be set as the owner of the single NFT data on the blockchain. For example, if the static and / or dynamic data types for stages such as rice planting, rice cultivation, harvesting, brown rice storage, mash making, top layer / filtration, etc. indicate that environmentally friendly methods have been used, this has the advantage of objectively demonstrating that the purchaser of the alcoholic beverage is an environmentally conscious purchaser. Furthermore, if the static and / or dynamic data types for a stage in the supply chain or value chain of the alcoholic beverage include, for example, certification guaranteeing the quality of the final product, this has the advantage of objectively demonstrating that the end consumer is a quality-conscious person.

[0168] Although the above description focuses on environmental conservation and quality, if the static data type and / or dynamic data type include other data, the characteristics of the end consumer represented by each data may be indicated accordingly. For example, if the static data type and / or dynamic data type are data that contribute to a local community (for example, if they represent that the data has the assets and cooperation of a local community such as farmers or producers in a specific area), such end consumers can be objectively represented as those who contribute to the local community.

[0169] 3.4.2. System of 4.2 Embodiment The system of this embodiment is configured such that, in each of the systems of the first to fourth embodiments described above, data after the creation of the final object is further stored in association with the NFT.

[0170] For example, if the final object gemstone in variant 1 of the first embodiment system is repaired or resold to another person, the repairer or resale to another person may also be associated with and stored in the NFT and stored in the blockchain.

[0171] Specifically, consider a case where a purchaser purchases a piece of jewelry and then requests a specific repairer to repair it. Variation 1 of the system of the first embodiment may include a repair stage, in which the repair at the specific repairer is included as one of the stages after purchase. The repair stage may be static data and / or dynamic data, such as the name of the repairer, the repair location, the repair method, the person authorized to perform the repair method, the start date of the repair, the end date of the repair, the tools used during the repair, the materials used during the repair, a photo of the repairer, a photo of the jewelry before repair, and a photo of the jewelry after repair. Variation 1 of the system of the first embodiment may input such static data and / or dynamic data by an application related to the repairer executed on an information processing device related to the repairer. Variation 1 of the system of the first embodiment may acquire such multiple static data and / or multiple dynamic data, associate a single NFT data with the data, issue the data on the blockchain, store the data on the blockchain, and cause the owner of the single NFT data to be set on the blockchain as the final purchaser of the object in the supply chain or value chain. In this case, static and / or dynamic data from such repair stages may be associated with the NFT of the repaired gemstone, in which case the status of the gemstone after repair will also be associated with such NFT, and post-purchase data of the end consumer may also be stored.

[0172] Furthermore, if the materials and methods used in repairs are, for example, environmentally friendly, the end user who performed the repairs can have the advantage of being able to demonstrate that their actions after purchase are also contributing to environmental conservation.

[0173] Furthermore, when a gemstone is resold, the purchaser of the resale may be set as the owner of the NFT of the previous purchaser. In this case, there is an advantage that the resale purchaser, like the previous purchaser, can also demonstrate, for example, that they are contributing to environmental conservation.

[0174] 3.4.3. System of the 4.3 embodiment The system of this embodiment is configured such that, among the various data stored in the process of generating the final object in each of the systems of the first to fourth embodiments described above, a command to issue an NFT is generated by a specific party in the supply chain.

[0175] While the systems of the 4.1 and 4.2 embodiments illustrate an example in which an NFT is generated for a final object in a supply chain or value chain, the system of the present embodiment is an aspect in which each participant in the supply chain or value chain generates and provides an NFT, which may be associated with the object generated in the supply chain or value chain.

[0176] For example, in the case of agricultural products in the system of the first embodiment, one NFT may be generated in association with one batch of harvested agricultural products. In this case, one NFT associated with the batch may be generated based on instructions from a user (producer) in a user app associated with the producer who harvested the agricultural products. In response, a consumer of the final object corresponding to the batch may purchase the NFT as a means of expressing gratitude to the producer (or as a donation). In this case, the farmer who issued the NFT has the advantage of earning profits from the sale of the NFT in addition to the normal production of agricultural products. Note that the compensation obtained from the sale of the NFT may be achieved using conventional technology. Furthermore, the NFT may be sold appropriately in an NFT market. In particular, when the value of the agricultural product is high or when the farmer's contribution to the environment is high, the value of the agricultural producer may increase, and the value of the NFT may also increase accordingly. Therefore, the system of this embodiment has the advantage of supporting the generation of NFTs whose value can increase.

[0177] 3.5. Various Embodiments A system according to a first aspect includes: "a first acquisition unit that acquires one or more first data, each corresponding to one or more predetermined static data types defined for a supply chain or a value chain; a second acquisition unit that acquires one or more second data, each corresponding to one or more predetermined dynamic data types defined for the supply chain or value chain, the one or more second data including geographical data of an information processing device that acquired at least one of the second data and temporal data from which the geographical data was acquired; and a processing unit that performs processing to associate the one or more second data with management unit data for at least one stage out of a plurality of stages according to the configuration of the supply chain or value chain and store the associated data in a blockchain."

[0178] The system according to the second aspect is the system according to the first aspect, in which "an instruction to merge or split the management unit data for each stage is obtained from the information processing device."

[0179] The system according to the third aspect is the system according to the first or second aspect above, in which "the second data includes at least data relating to the ownership or possession of an object related to the supply chain or value chain, and data indicating whether or not the recipient has received the ownership or possession of the object."

[0180] The system according to the fourth aspect is any one of the first to third aspects, in which "one NFT data is associated with both the one or more first data and the one or more second data at all stages in the supply chain or value chain, and is issued and stored in the blockchain; and the owner of the one NFT data is set in the blockchain as the final purchaser of the object in the supply chain or value chain."

[0181] The system according to the fifth aspect is any one of the first to fourth aspects, in which "a producer of an object in at least one of the plurality of stages issues NFT data different from the one NFT data in association with the object produced by the producer on the blockchain."

[0182] The system according to the sixth aspect is one in any one of the first to fifth aspects, in which "data relating to the trustworthiness of the first party is calculated based on data relating to parties other than the first party and the degree of contribution by the first party."

[0183] The system according to the seventh aspect is one in any one of the first to sixth aspects, in which "the data relating to parties other than the first party includes the number of parties, and the degree of contribution by the first party includes data on the amount of payment made by the first party."

[0184] The system according to the eighth aspect is any one of the first to seventh aspects, and "includes an acquisition unit that acquires data related to CO2 absorption, and an acquisition unit that acquires data related to CO2 emission, and calculates the amount of CO2 emitted for a specified unit of an object by applying the data to a specified equation."

[0185] The system according to the ninth aspect is any one of the first to eighth aspects, in which "the predetermined equation is selected from one or more equations in response to user input."

[0186] The system according to the tenth aspect is any one of the first to ninth aspects, in which "the data relating to CO2 absorption includes data relating to trees, and the data relating to CO2 emission includes data relating to the movement of goods used in the production of the target product."

[0187] The system according to the eleventh aspect is one in any one of the first to tenth aspects above, which "communicates data regarding whether or not the one or more first data and the one or more second data have been tampered with to an information processing device related to a party in the supply chain or value chain."

[0188] The computer program according to the twelfth aspect is for causing a system to operate as: a first acquisition means for acquiring one or more first data, each corresponding to one or more predetermined static data types defined for a supply chain or a value chain; a second acquisition means for acquiring one or more second data, each corresponding to one or more predetermined dynamic data types defined for the supply chain or value chain, the one or more second data including geographical data of an information processing device that acquired at least one of the second data and temporal data from which the geographical data was acquired; and a processing means for processing the one or more second data to associate with management unit data for at least one stage out of a plurality of stages according to the configuration of the supply chain or value chain and store the one or more second data in a blockchain.

[0189] A computer program according to a thirteenth aspect is the computer program according to the twelfth aspect, wherein "the system includes a memory."

[0190] The method according to the 14th aspect is a method according to any one of the first to 13th aspects, in which "the system executes the following steps: a first acquisition step of acquiring one or more first data, each corresponding to one or more predetermined static data types defined for a supply chain or a value chain; a second acquisition step of acquiring one or more second data, each corresponding to one or more predetermined dynamic data types defined for the supply chain or value chain, the one or more second data including geographical data of an information processing device that acquired at least one of the second data and temporal data from which the geographical data was acquired; and a processing step of processing the one or more second data to associate with management unit data for at least one stage out of a plurality of stages according to the configuration of the supply chain or value chain and store the one or more second data in a blockchain."

[0191] The method according to the fifteenth aspect is the method according to the fourteenth aspect, wherein "the system includes a memory."

[0192] 4. Information Processing Device The mobile terminal, server, or cloud used in each of the above-described systems may be composed of one or more information processing devices. As shown in FIG. 16 , the information processing device 10 may include a bus 11, a processing unit 12, a storage device 13, an input device 14, a display device 15, and a communication IF 16. The information processing device 10 may be directly or indirectly connected to another information processing device via a network 19. The information processing device 10 may be connected to a database (not shown). The database may be included within the information processing device 10.

[0193] The bus 11 may have the function of transmitting information between the arithmetic unit 12 , the storage unit 13 , the input unit 14 , the display unit 15 and the communication IF 16 .

[0194] An example of the computing device 12 is a processor. This may be a CPU or an MPU. It may also include a graphics processing unit, a digital signal processor, etc. In short, the computing device 12 may be any device that can execute program instructions.

[0195] The storage device 13 is a device for recording information. This may be either an external memory or an internal memory, or either a main storage device or an auxiliary storage device. It may also be a magnetic disk (hard disk), an optical disk, a magnetic tape, a semiconductor memory, or the like. It may also have a storage device connected via a network or a storage device on a cloud connected via a network.

[0196] In the schematic diagram of this figure, registers, L1 caches, L2 caches, and the like, which store information close to the arithmetic unit, may be included in the arithmetic unit 12, but in the design of the computer architecture, these may be included in the storage device 13 as a device for recording information. In short, it is sufficient that the arithmetic unit 12, storage device 13, and bus 11 are configured to cooperate with each other to execute information processing.

[0197] The storage device 13 can include a program for executing a service related to the present invention, and can also store data required for executing a service related to the present invention, as appropriate.

[0198] Furthermore, although the above describes a case where the arithmetic unit 12 is executed based on a program stored in the memory device 13, as one form of combination of the above bus 11, arithmetic unit 12 and memory device 13, the information processing related to the present system may be realized by a programmable logic device that can change the hardware circuit itself or a dedicated circuit in which the information processing to be executed is predetermined.

[0199] The input device 14 is used to input information, but may have other functions. Examples of the input device 14 include a keyboard, a mouse, a touch panel, and a pointing device such as a pen-type pointing device.

[0200] The display device 15 may be, for example, a display, but may also have other functions. The display device 15 may also be a liquid crystal display, a plasma display, an organic EL display, or the like. In short, it may be any device that can display information. The display device 15 may also include an input device 14 such as a touch panel.

[0201] The network 19 transmits information together with the communication IF 16. That is, the network 19 has a function of transmitting information from the information processing device 10 to another information terminal 18 via the network. The communication IF 16 may be of any connection type, such as USB, IEEE 1394, Ethernet (registered trademark), PCI, or SCSI. The network 19 may be either wired or wireless, and may use optical fiber, coaxial cable, Ethernet cable, or the like.

[0202] Although the present diagram illustrates a single information processing device 10, the information processing device 10 may be configured with multiple information processing devices. The multiple information processing devices may be internally connected or externally connected. Furthermore, when the information processing device 10 is configured with multiple information processing devices, the owners of the multiple information processing devices may be different. Furthermore, the person who operates the information processing device 10 as a system according to the present invention may be different from the owner of the information processing device 10. Furthermore, the above-mentioned server may be a physical entity or a virtual entity. For example, the information processing device 10 may be virtually realized using cloud computing.

[0203] In this application, the term "stakeholder" may refer to a person who is part of a supply chain or a value chain, or an organization (including a corporation) or person who is part of a supply chain or a value chain. The latter may be, for example, an organization (including a corporation) or person involved in the above-mentioned certification that may affect the reliability, sustainability, etc. of the objects handled in the supply chain or value chain.

[0204] Furthermore, in the description of each embodiment in this application document, what is described as processing by a server may be processed by one or more servers, a cloud, or one or more servers and a cloud.

[0205] Furthermore, the blockchain in the present application documents may be, for example, a technology that has a data structure that makes tamper detection easy using digital signatures and hash pointers, and achieves high availability and data integrity by storing the data in a large number of nodes distributed across a network. Furthermore, the blockchain in the present application documents is not limited to Ethereum, Stellar, Polygon, Solana, etc. may also be used. Furthermore, when the system of each embodiment in the present application documents performs a process of storing data in the blockchain, the system of each embodiment may perform a process such as transmitting the data to be stored together with instructions for storing the data in the blockchain. In this case, the data storage process may be performed using a blockchain-specific application for storing data in the blockchain. Similarly, in the issuance of the NFTs described above, for example, a blockchain-specific application may be used to cause the NFT issuance process to be performed by such application.

[0206] A supply chain in this application may refer to, for example, a chain established by suppliers of raw materials or components, including the presence or absence of a network-like flow of supplier supplies, including multiple links to a manufacturer, and a value chain in this application may refer to, for example, the value generated by a company and added during the manufacturing process, completed within the business activities of a single company.

[0207] In the present application documents, applications according to the present application, such as a user app, an authenticator app, an end-user app, and / or an application for executing part or all of the system of each embodiment, have been described above as being downloaded and installed, but this is not limited thereto. For example, functions realized by these applications may be provided in the form of a web browser on the Internet. In this case, functions realized by the user app, the authenticator app, the end-user app, and / or an application for executing part or all of the system of each embodiment may be provided by a server and / or cloud via the Internet. For example, in this case, a user, an authenticator, or an end user may authenticate themselves through login authentication on a web browser and then input data into the web browser, and the server and / or cloud may acquire and record this data. Furthermore, as described above, this data may be stored in a blockchain. Furthermore, the server and / or cloud may acquire geographical data of the information processing device used by the user, authenticator, end user, administrator, etc. when entering data into the web browser by using a geographical information acquisition function such as GPS or Wi-Fi of the information processing device on which the web browser is used.

[0208] Furthermore, in the present application, when a user terminal or an authenticator terminal is capable of encrypting static data and / or dynamic data (which may include authentication-related data) (or hashed versions thereof) using a public key cryptographic key and decrypting it with the corresponding public key, the user terminal or authenticator terminal used to input the encrypted data cannot later deny inputting the data because the cryptographic key is associated with the user terminal or authenticator terminal. Therefore, in addition to determining whether someone else has input the data, it is also possible to determine whether data input was negated (whether the user or authenticator claims that they did not input the data), which has the advantage of clarifying the responsibility of the parties involved in the supply chain or value chain.

[0209] It goes without saying that the invention examples described in the embodiments of this application document are not limited to those explained in this application document, but can be applied to various examples within the scope of the technical idea thereof.

[0210] Furthermore, the processes and procedures described in this application document may be realized not only by those explicitly described in the embodiments, but also by software, hardware, or a combination thereof. Furthermore, the processes and procedures described in this application document may be implemented as computer programs and executed by various computers. For example, the processes and procedures realizing the systems of the above-described embodiments may be implemented as computer programs and executed by various computers. Furthermore, these computer programs may be stored in a storage medium. Furthermore, these programs may be stored in a non-transitory or temporary storage medium.

Claims

1. a first acquisition unit that acquires one or more first data, each of which corresponds to one or more predetermined static data types defined for the supply chain or value chain; a second acquisition unit that acquires one or more second data, each of which corresponds to one or more predetermined dynamic data types defined for the supply chain or the value chain, the one or more second data including geographical data of an information processing device that acquired at least one of the second data and temporal data of the acquisition of the geographical data; a processing unit that performs processing to associate the one or more second data with management unit data for at least one stage among a plurality of stages according to a configuration of the supply chain or value chain, and store the data in a blockchain; A system comprising: The one or more first data and the one or more second data at all stages in the supply chain or value chain are associated with one NFT data, and the associated data is issued in the blockchain and stored in the blockchain; Allowing the owner of the NFT data to set the final purchaser of the object in the supply chain or value chain in the blockchain; system.

2. a first acquisition unit that acquires one or more first data, each of which corresponds to one or more predetermined static data types defined for the supply chain or value chain; a second acquisition unit that acquires one or more second data, each of which corresponds to one or more predetermined dynamic data types defined for the supply chain or the value chain, the one or more second data including geographical data of an information processing device that acquired at least one of the second data and temporal data of the acquisition of the geographical data; a processing unit that performs processing to associate the one or more second data with management unit data for at least one stage among a plurality of stages according to a configuration of the supply chain or value chain, and store the data in a blockchain; A system comprising: The data related to the reliability of the first party included in the first data is calculated based on data related to parties other than the first party and a degree of contribution by the first party. system.

3. a first acquisition unit that acquires one or more first data, each of which corresponds to one or more predetermined static data types defined for the supply chain or value chain; a second acquisition unit that acquires one or more second data, each of which corresponds to one or more predetermined dynamic data types defined for the supply chain or the value chain, the one or more second data including geographical data of an information processing device that acquired at least one of the second data and temporal data of the acquisition of the geographical data; a processing unit that performs processing to associate the one or more second data with management unit data for at least one stage among a plurality of stages according to a configuration of the supply chain or value chain, and store the data in a blockchain; A system comprising: An acquisition unit that acquires data related to CO2 absorption; An acquisition unit that acquires data related to CO2 emissions; and applying the calculated CO2 emission amount for a given unit of the object to a given equation. system.

4. Equipped with memory, The system of claim 1 .

5. Equipped with memory, The system of claim 2.

6. Equipped with memory, The system of claim 3.

7. The system, a first acquiring means for acquiring one or more first data, each of which corresponds to one or more predetermined static data types defined for the supply chain or value chain; a second acquisition means for acquiring one or more second data, each of which corresponds to one or more predetermined dynamic data types defined for the supply chain or value chain, the one or more second data including geographical data of an information processing device that acquired at least one of the second data and temporal data of the acquisition of the geographical data; a processing means for processing the one or more second data items to be stored in a block chain in association with management unit data for at least one stage among a plurality of stages according to a configuration of the supply chain or value chain; A computer program for causing a computer to operate as The one or more first data and the one or more second data at all stages in the supply chain or value chain are associated with one NFT data, and the associated data is issued in the blockchain and stored in the blockchain; Allowing the owner of the NFT data to set the final purchaser of the object in the supply chain or value chain in the blockchain; Computer program.

8. The system, a first acquiring means for acquiring one or more first data, each of which corresponds to one or more predetermined static data types defined for the supply chain or value chain; a second acquisition means for acquiring one or more second data, each of which corresponds to one or more predetermined dynamic data types defined for the supply chain or value chain, the one or more second data including geographical data of an information processing device that acquired at least one of the second data and temporal data of the acquisition of the geographical data; a processing means for processing the one or more second data items to be stored in a block chain in association with management unit data for at least one stage among a plurality of stages according to a configuration of the supply chain or value chain; A computer program for causing a computer to operate as The data related to the reliability of the first party included in the first data is calculated based on data related to parties other than the first party and a degree of contribution by the first party. Computer program.

9. The system, a first acquiring means for acquiring one or more first data, each of which corresponds to one or more predetermined static data types defined for the supply chain or value chain; a second acquisition means for acquiring one or more second data, each of which corresponds to one or more predetermined dynamic data types defined for the supply chain or value chain, the one or more second data including geographical data of an information processing device that acquired at least one of the second data and temporal data of the acquisition of the geographical data; a processing means for processing the one or more second data items to be stored in a block chain in association with management unit data for at least one stage among a plurality of stages according to a configuration of the supply chain or value chain; A computer program for causing a computer to operate as An acquisition means for acquiring data related to CO2 absorption; An acquisition means for acquiring data related to CO2 emissions; A computer program for operating as Calculate the CO2 emissions for a given unit of interest by applying the calculated CO2 emissions to a given equation; Computer program.

10. The system comprises a memory.

8. A computer program according to claim 7.

11. The system comprises a memory.

9. A computer program according to claim 8.

12. The system comprises a memory.

10. A computer program according to claim 9.

13. The system, a first acquisition step of acquiring one or more first data, each corresponding to one or more predefined static data types defined for the supply chain or value chain; a second acquisition step of acquiring one or more second data, each of which corresponds to one or more predetermined dynamic data types defined for the supply chain or value chain, the one or more second data including geographical data of an information processing device that acquired at least one of the second data and temporal data of the acquisition of the geographical data; a processing step of processing the one or more second data to be stored in a blockchain in association with management unit data for at least one stage among a plurality of stages according to a configuration of the supply chain or value chain; A method of carrying out the above-mentioned The one or more first data and the one or more second data at all stages in the supply chain or value chain are associated with one NFT data, and the associated data is issued in the blockchain and stored in the blockchain; Allowing the owner of the NFT data to set the final purchaser of the object in the supply chain or value chain in the blockchain; method.

14. The system, a first acquisition step of acquiring one or more first data, each corresponding to one or more predefined static data types defined for the supply chain or value chain; a second acquisition step of acquiring one or more second data, each of which corresponds to one or more predetermined dynamic data types defined for the supply chain or value chain, the one or more second data including geographical data of an information processing device that acquired at least one of the second data and temporal data of the acquisition of the geographical data; a processing step of processing the one or more second data to be stored in a blockchain in association with management unit data for at least one stage among a plurality of stages according to a configuration of the supply chain or value chain; A method of carrying out the above-mentioned The data related to the trustworthiness of the first party included in the first data is calculated by the system based on data related to parties other than the first party and the degree of contribution by the first party. method.

15. The system, a first acquisition step of acquiring one or more first data, each corresponding to one or more predefined static data types defined for the supply chain or value chain; a second acquisition step of acquiring one or more second data, each of which corresponds to one or more predetermined dynamic data types defined for the supply chain or value chain, the one or more second data including geographical data of an information processing device that acquired at least one of the second data and temporal data of the acquisition of the geographical data; a processing step of processing the one or more second data to be stored in a blockchain in association with management unit data for at least one stage among a plurality of stages according to a configuration of the supply chain or value chain; A method of carrying out the above-mentioned An acquisition step of acquiring data related to CO2 absorption; An acquisition step of acquiring data related to CO2 emissions; A method for performing Calculate the CO2 emissions for a given unit of interest by applying the calculated CO2 emissions to a given equation; method.

16. The system comprises a memory. The method of claim 13.

17. The system comprises a memory. The method of claim 14.

18. The system comprises a memory. The method of claim 15.