Method for obtaining and visualizing spectral images
A simplified optical system with controlled chromatic aberration simplifies multispectral imaging by eliminating complex optical elements, achieving cost-effective multispectral image capture and augmented reality visualization.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- RU · RU
- Patent Type
- Patents
- Current Assignee / Owner
- AGRINSKIJ MIKHAIL VLADIMIROVICH
- Filing Date
- 2025-02-26
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-29
AI Technical Summary
Existing multispectral imaging technologies are complex and costly due to the inclusion of additional optical elements such as dispersive components, leading to increased weight, size, and manufacturing difficulties.
A simplified optical system with significant chromatic aberration is used to obtain multispectral images, employing a non-achromatic lens system with controlled chromatic aberration and focal plane adjustment to capture spectral information without complex optical elements, and augmented reality is applied to visualize spectral effects on polychromatic images.
This approach simplifies the manufacturing process and reduces costs while enabling efficient multispectral image acquisition and visualization of spectral effects in augmented reality.
Smart Images
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Abstract
Description
[0001] The invention relates to spectral optical instruments, namely, to methods for obtaining multi-spectral images and can be used in multi-spectral cameras for studying the spectral composition of electromagnetic radiation.
[0002] Many methods and devices for obtaining multispectral (multi- and hyperspectral) images are known [M.V. Stuart, A.J.S. McGonigle, J.R. Willmott Hyperspectral Imaging in Environmental Monitoring: A Review of Recent Developments and Technological Advances in Compact Field Deployable Systems / / Sensors. - 2019, 19, No. 14, 3071. https: / / doi.org / 10.3390 / s19143071. EA 024759 B1, EA 034651 B1, RU 130698 U1, RU 210340 U1, RU 2248536 C1, RU 2344383 C2, RU 2535640 C2, RU 2624622 C1, RU 2655018 C2, RU 2779967 C1, RU 2801836 C1, RU 2006139880 A1.
[0003] The disadvantage of such technical solutions is the complexity of the design, including additional, including movable (adjustable) optical elements, such as dispersive (prisms and diffraction gratings), slit diaphragms, filters and other components, due to which the cost and weight and dimensions of the device significantly increase.
[0004] A close analogue to the declared technical solution is the simplest imaging hyperspectrometer for photographing closely located objects [RU 2825084 C1], which consists of a closely located lens and diffraction grating, a monochrome light-sensitive matrix and a slit diaphragm.
[0005] The disadvantage of this technical solution is also the complicated design, which includes additional optical elements in the form of a diffraction grating and a slit diaphragm, moved beyond the front depth of field of the short-focus lens.
[0006] The closest analogue to the declared technical solution, selected as a prototype, is [RU 2535640 C2], which discusses the formation of multispectral images using a multispectral camera containing a diaphragm, a dispersive element, a lens, a microlens grating, a photodetector and a processor.
[0007] The disadvantage of the closest technical solution is the use of a microlens array that is difficult to manufacture, the presence of a dispersion element, and a difficult method of image formation.
[0008] The purpose of the invention is to create an efficient and cost-effective technology. The technical result is a method for observing multispectral images while simplifying the manufacturing of its components and operating principle.
[0009] The introduction of a distinctive feature in the form of an optical system with a specially synthesized chromatic aberration value and a search for the optimal plane for a set of narrow-band images allows for the acquisition of multispectral images and ensures a new technical result (goal). Thus, the positive effect of the stated technical task is achieved due to the absence of complex optical elements and the simplicity of multispectral image acquisition. Additionally, the problem of effective visualization of spectral effects in the form of augmented reality on a polychromatic image is solved.
[0010] The essence of the invention is explained by the drawings in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, a brief description of the drawings is presented below.
[0011] Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of the optical system - OS with the ray path (1a) and the position chromaticity graph (1b), where - the back vertex focal length (back focal segment), for which - minimum value, - maximum value; - the wavelength of electromagnetic radiation in which - minimum and maximum wavelength, respectively; - a series of positions of the rear focal segments corresponding to a series of wavelengths
[0012] Fig. 2 - Block diagram of the device operation for the case of superimposing spectral effects in the form of augmented reality on the image from a video camera.
[0013] Chromatism of position is a type of aberration that occurs due to the different refraction of light of different wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation in an optical system, wherein the images of one point of an object are located at different distances from the optical system for different wavelengths (different positions of the image plane) and, obviously, the foci are also at different distances.
[0014] The embodiment of the invention consists in that a non-achromatic optical system of the objective with a large value of chromatic aberration of position is used to obtain spectral information from objects, characterized by the dependence of the focal plane shift on the wavelength, which should be close to linear and at a significant angle of rotation (Fig. 1b). Then, the selection of the narrow-spectrum (quasi-monochromatic) range of interest is carried out by changing the distance of the focal plane (image plane) by moving the optical system or a part of it or the radiation receiver (Fig. 1a).
[0015] The desired spectral component can be set at the stage of adjusting the rear focal segment or by dynamically moving the image plane, that is, the rear focal segment from during operation of the device.
[0016] Obtaining a spectral data cube is accomplished by continuously moving the back focal segment from at specified intervals and saving the resulting images.
[0017] The radiation receiver can be widely available CCD or CMOS matrix photodetectors.
[0018] The system variant shown in Fig. 2 is used to implement the method for extracting spectral features of interest as augmented reality. Radiation from the target background passes through a spatial layer and simultaneously enters coaxially mounted video cameras, one of which is polychromatic, while the other is non-achromatic and designed for spectral imaging. The electronic unit, using software, focuses on the desired spectral component, and the resulting spectral effects are superimposed in a pseudocolor onto the image obtained from the polychromatic camera.
[0019] The stated problem is solved and the stated technical result is achieved through the use of a simple lens optical system with a significant range of chromatic aberration in the formation of spectral images, while more efficient operation and analysis are ensured by visualization of spectral effects in the form of augmented reality on a polychromatic image.
[0020] The considered method for obtaining and visualizing spectral images can have applications in various fields, including scientific research, industrial technology and monitoring, where high spectral resolution is not required, which, however, can be increased through digital post-processing of the resulting image, for example, taking into account the intensity of spectral components from previous frames or any other image enhancement method.
Claims
1. A method for obtaining and visualizing spectral images, which consists in directing radiation from an object into a lens optical system with a quasi-linear or linear significant value of chromatic aberration of position over the entire field of view, so that after the radiation passes through the optical system, a series of image planes are formed corresponding to rear focal segments with narrow-spectrum values of wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation, while the formation of an image in the desired spectral range is carried out by moving the plane of radiation reception along the optical axis by specified values of the rear focal segments.
2. The method according to paragraph 1, in which an additional polychromatic camera is installed coaxially, and the images from the cameras are combined in such a way that the spectral characteristics of the object of interest (for example, in the IR or UV range of the electromagnetic spectrum) are recorded in the form of augmented reality.