System and method for load balancing among network functions

Abstract

The present disclosure discloses a method(500) for load balancing among network functions, including receiving(502) a message associated with a connection setup from a UE(102) by a network node, the network node comprises one or more set of network functions; evaluating(504) the message to determine whether the message comprises information selected from a list of, a subscriber identity, a network function identifier or a combination thereof; selecting(506) one of the set of network functions using a scheduling technique when the information is absent in the message; selecting(508) each of the network functions within the one of selected set of network functions using the scheduling technique for determining a relative capacity of the each of the network functions; and allocating(510) the UE(102) to one of the selected network functions based on the relative capacity of a corresponding selected network function.

Description

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR LOAD BALANCING AMONG NETWORK FUNCTIONSRESERVATION OF RIGHTS

[0001] A portion of the disclosure of this patent document contains material which is subject to intellectual property rights such as, but are not limited to, copyright, design, trademark, integrated circuit (IC) layout design, and / or trade dress protection, belonging to Jio Platforms Limited (JPL) or its affiliates (herein after referred as owner). The owner has no objection to the facsimile reproduction by anyone of the patent document or the patent disclosure, as it appears in the Patent and Trademark Office patent files or records, but otherwise reserves all rights whatsoever. All rights to such intellectual property are fully reserved by the owner.TECHNICAL FIELD

[0002] The present disclosure relates to telecommunication networks, and specifically to a system and a method for load balancing among network functions in a communication network.DEFINITION

[0003] As used in the present disclosure, the following terms are generally intended to have the meaning as set forth below, except to the extent that the context in which they are used to indicate otherwise.

[0004] The term “load balancing” as used herein, refers to a process of distributing network traffic across multiple servers or network paths to optimize resource utilization, maximize throughput, and minimize response times.

[0005] The term “Next Generation (NG) association” as used herein, refers to a connection established between gNodeB (gNB) and an Access and Mobility Management (AMF) in a 5G core network.

[0006] The term “NG” as used herein, refers to an interface between gNodeB (gNB) and 5G core network components.

[0007] The term “RRC setup complete message” as used herein, refers to a message that is used to confirm a successful completion of a Radio Resource Control RRC connection establishment.

[0008] The term “RRC connection” as used herein, refers to a process that facilitates an establishment of communication between a User Equipment (UE) and a network’s radio access network (RAN) including gNodeB.

[0009] The term “gNodeB” as used herein, refers to a network node that is responsible for radio communication with UEs in its coverage area, known as a cell. The gNodeB may be a physical entity, such as a tower, or it may be a virtual entity, such as a software defined radio (SDR).

[0010] The term “AMF” as used herein, refers to an Access and Mobility Management Function that is one of a control plane (CP) network function (NFs) of the 5G core network. The AMF uses different interfaces to communicate with the other NFs or nodes.

[0011] The term “TMSI” as used herein, refers to a Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity that is a temporary identification number used in the Global System for Mobile Applications (GSM) network instead of the International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) to ensure the privacy of the mobile subscriber.

[0012] The term “GUAMI” as used herein, refers to a Registered Globally Unique Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) Identifier that is used to uniquely identify an AMF within a 5G network. It is comprised of MCC (Mobile Country Code), MNC (Mobile Network Code), AMF Region ID, AMF Set ID and AMF Pointer.BACKGROUND

[0013] The following description of related art is intended to provide background information pertaining to the field of the disclosure. This section mayinclude certain aspects of the art that may be related to various features of the present disclosure. However, it should be appreciated that this section be used only to enhance the understanding of the reader with respect to the present disclosure, and not as admissions of prior art.

[0014] In modern mobile communication networks, such as 4G Long-Term Evolution (LTE) and 5G, an efficient management of network resources is critical for maintaining high-quality service and optimizing network performance. A process of selecting network functions, such as Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) in a 5G core network, plays a crucial role in this management.

[0015] When a User Equipment (UE) attempts to connect to a cell, it goes through a series of steps to establish a connection with a network. One of these steps involves sending Radio Resource Control (RRC) Setup Complete message from the UE to a gNodeB (gNB). The gNB equipped with resource management capabilities, must then select an appropriate AMF to handle UE’s connection.

[0016] In existing network systems, a selection of AMFs and other network functions is often based on simple static or predefined rules. For instance, traditional methods might use static configurations or fixed priorities to select the AMF. In one conventional approach, the AMFs are selected based on fixed rules or configurations set by network administrators. These rules do not adapt dynamically to changing network conditions, which can lead to suboptimal performance. In another conventional approach, the AMFs are assigned priorities, and the selection is based on these priorities. However, this approach does not account for real-time load or operational state of the AMFs, potentially leading to uneven load distribution. In yet another conventional approach, the AMFs are selected randomly. This approach does not ensure efficient load balancing and can result in certain AMFs being overloaded while others are underutilized. This imbalance can degrade network performance and user experience.

[0017] Also, inefficient AMF selection can increase connection setup times and reduce overall reliability of the network. Users may experience higher latency and more frequent service disruptions due to overloaded or non-operational AMFs.

[0018] Moreover, in some cases, selection of the AMF, from the gNB occurs based on a number of the UEs allocated to the AMF at a gNB side. In some cases, due to inactive timer expiry, the UE may be released from the AMF. This would be reflected at the gNB side. As a result, the gNB may view the AMF as being available, while the AMF may still have residual resources from the UE. When such AMF gets allocated to a new UE, the AMF may perceive higher load, leading to a potential overload state.

[0019] Thus, there is a need to provide an improved approach of selecting the AMFs that can load balance among the AMFs in an efficient manner.OBJECTS OF THE PRESENT DISCEOSURE

[0020] Some of the objects of the present disclosure, which at least one embodiment herein satisfies are as listed herein below.

[0021] It is an object of the present disclosure to provide a system and a method for load balancing of network functions in a communication network.

[0022] Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a system and a method for allocating AMFs to UEs in such a manner that none of a plurality of AMFs are overloaded.

[0023] Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a system and a method for efficiently serving UEs by allocating each UE with an AMF that has a capacity.SUMMARY

[0024] In an exemplary embodiment, the present invention discloses a method for load balancing among network functions in a communication network. The method includes a step of receiving a message associated with a connection setup from a user equipment (UE) by a network node. The network node includes one or more set of network functions. The method includes a step of evaluating the message by the network node to determine whether the message includes information selected from a list of, a subscriber identity, a network function identifier, or a combination thereof. The method includes a step of selecting one of the set of network functions by the network node using a scheduling technique when the information is absent in the message. The method includes a step of selecting each of the network functions within the one of the selected set of network functions using the scheduling technique for determining a relative capacity of the each of the network functions within the one of selected set of network functions. The method includes a step of allocating the UE to one of the selected network functions within the one of selected set of network functions based on the relative capacity of a corresponding selected network function.

[0025] In some embodiments, the network node is a Next Generation Node B (gNB).

[0026] In some embodiments, the message is a Radio Resource Control (RRC) setup complete message.

[0027] In some embodiments, the scheduling technique is a round robin technique.

[0028] In some embodiments, the network functions are Access and Mobility Management Functions (AMFs).

[0029] In some embodiments, the subscriber identity is a Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity (TMSI), and the network function identifier is a RegisteredGlobally Unique Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) Identifier (GUAMI)

[0030] In some embodiments, the method includes a step of selecting the network function from the one or more set of network functions based on the information present in the message upon determining an availability of the information in the message.

[0031] In some embodiments, the relative capacity of each of the network functions indicates a current load of a network function as compared to other network functions within a same set of network functions of the one or more set of network functions.

[0032] In some embodiments, the relative capacity of each of the network functions is represented by a value ranging from 0 to 255.

[0033] In some embodiments, the UE is allocated to one of the network functions based on a highest relative capacity as compared to other network functions within the one of selected sets of network functions.

[0034] In some embodiments, the method includes a step of determining an operational state of the each of the network functions prior selecting one of the network functions for UE allocation.

[0035] In another exemplary embodiment, the present invention discloses a system for load balancing among network functions in a communication network. The system includes a receiving unit configured to receive a message associated with a connection setup from a user equipment (UE) by a network node. The network node includes one or more set of network functions. The system further includes a processing unit communicatively coupled to the receiving unit. The processing unit is configured to: evaluate the message received from the UE by the network node to determine whether the message includes information selected froma list of, a subscriber identity, a network function identifier, or a combination thereof. The processing unit is configured to: select one of the set of network functions by the network node using a scheduling technique when the information is absent in the message. The processing unit is further configured to: select each of the network functions within the one of selected set of network functions using the scheduling technique for determining a relative capacity of the each of the network functions within the one of selected set of network functions. The processing unit is further configured to allocate the UE to one of, the selected network functions within the one of selected set of network functions based on the relative capacity of a corresponding selected network function.

[0036] In some embodiments, the network node is a Next Generation Node B (gNB).

[0037] In some embodiments, the message is a Radio Resource Control (RRC) setup complete message.

[0038] In some embodiments, the scheduling technique is a round robin technique.

[0039] In some embodiments, the network functions are Access and Mobility Management Functions (AMFs).

[0040] In some embodiments, the subscriber identity is a Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity (TMSI), and the network function identifier is a Registered Globally Unique AMF Identifier (GUAMI).

[0041] In some embodiments, the processing unit is configured to select the network function from the one or more set of network functions based on the information present in the message upon determining an availability of the information in the message.

[0042] In some embodiments, the relative capacity of each of the network functions indicates a current load of a network function as compared to other network functions within a same set of network functions of the one or more set of network functions.

[0043] In some embodiments, the relative capacity of each of the network functions is represented by a value ranging from 0 to 255.

[0044] In some embodiments, the UE is allocated to one of the network functions based on a highest relative capacity as compared to other network functions within the one of selected set of network functions.

[0045] In some embodiments, the processing unit is configured to determine an operational state of the each of the network functions prior selecting one of the network functions for UE allocation.

[0046] In an exemplary embodiment, the present invention discloses a user equipment (UE) communicatively coupled with a communication network. The coupling includes steps of. receiving, by the communication network, a connection request from the UE; sending, by the communication network, an acknowledgment of the connection request to the UE; and transmitting a plurality of signals in response to the connection request. The communication network is configured for performing a method for load balancing among network functions in a communication network. The method includes a step of receiving a message associated with a connection setup from the UE by a network node. The network node includes one or more set of network functions. The method includes a step of evaluating the message by the network node to determine whether the message includes information selected from a list of, a subscriber identity, a network function identifier, or a combination thereof. The method includes a step of selecting one of the set of network functions by the network node using a scheduling technique when the information is absent in the message. The method includes a step of selecting each of the network functions within the one of the selected set ofnetwork functions using the scheduling technique for determining a relative capacity of the each of the network functions within the one of selected set of network functions. The method includes a step of allocating the UE to one of the selected network functions within the one of selected set of network functions based on the relative capacity of a corresponding selected network function.

[0047] In an exemplary embodiment, the present invention discloses a computer program product comprising a non-transitory computer-readable medium including instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform a method for load balancing among network functions in a communication network. The method includes a step of receiving a message associated with a connection setup from a UE by a network node. The network node includes one or more set of network functions. The method includes a step of evaluating the message by the network node to determine whether the message includes information selected from a list of, a subscriber identity, a network function identifier, or a combination thereof. The method includes a step of selecting one of the set of network functions by the network node using a scheduling technique when the information is absent in the message. The method includes a step of selecting each of the network functions within the one of the selected set of network functions using the scheduling technique for determining a relative capacity of the each of the network functions within the one of selected set of network functions. The method includes a step of allocating the UE to one of the selected network functions within the one of selected set of network functions based on the relative capacity of a corresponding selected network function.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0048] In the figures, similar components and / or features may have the same reference label. Further, various components of the same type may be distinguished by following the reference label with a second label that distinguishes among the similar components. If only the first reference label is used in thespecification, the description is applicable to any one of the similar components having the same first reference label irrespective of the second reference label.

[0049] The diagrams are for illustration only, which thus is not a limitation of the present disclosure, and wherein:

[0050] FIG. 1A illustrates an exemplary network architecture in which or with which embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented;

[0051] FIG. IB illustrates an exemplary block diagram of a system, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0052] FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary sequence diagram depicting an operation of load balancing among network functions, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure;

[0053] FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary flow diagram of a process for the load balancing among the network functions, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0054] FIG. 4 illustrates an exemplary computer system in which or with which embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented; and

[0055] FIG. 5 illustrates a flowchart of a method for the load balancing among the network functions in a communication network, in accordance with an embodiment of present disclosure.LIST OF REFERENCE NUMERALS100 - Network architecture102-1, 102-2. . . 102-N - User Equipment104-1, 104-2... 104-N - Users106 - System108 - Communication Network110 - Receiving Unit112 - Memory114 - Interfacing Unit116 - Processing Unit118 - Database120 - Connection Module122 - Network Function Selection Module124 - Allocation Module200 - Operation202 - Resource Management (RM) entity300 - Process400 - Computer system410 - External storage device420 - Bus430 - Main memory440 - Read only memory450 - Mass storage device460 - Communication port(s)470 - Processor500 - MethodDETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0056] In the following description, for the purposes of explanation, various specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of embodiments of the present disclosure. It will be apparent, however, that embodiments of the present disclosure may be practiced without these specific details. Several features described hereafter can each be used independently of one another or with any combination of other features. An individual feature may not address all of the problems discussed above or might address only some of theproblems discussed above. Some of the problems discussed above might not be fully addressed by any of the features described herein.

[0057] The ensuing description provides exemplary embodiments only, and is not intended to limit the scope, applicability, or configuration of the disclosure. Rather, the ensuing description of the exemplary embodiments will provide those skilled in the art with an enabling description for implementing an exemplary embodiment. It should be understood that various changes may be made in the function and arrangement of elements without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure as set forth.

[0058] Specific details are given in the following description to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments. However, it will be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art that the embodiments may be practiced without these specific details. For example, circuits, systems, networks, processes, and other components may be shown as components in block diagram form in order not to obscure the embodiments in unnecessary detail. In other instances, well-known circuits, processes, algorithms, structures, and techniques may be shown without unnecessary detail in order to avoid obscuring the embodiments.

[0059] Also, it is noted that individual embodiments may be described as a process which is depicted as a flowchart, a flow diagram, a data flow diagram, a structure diagram, or a block diagram. Although a flowchart may describe the operations as a sequential process, many of the operations can be performed in parallel or concurrently. In addition, the order of the operations may be re-arranged. A process is terminated when its operations are completed but could have additional steps not included in a figure. A process may correspond to a method, a function, a procedure, a subroutine, a subprogram, etc. When a process corresponds to a function, its termination can correspond to a return of the function to the calling function or the main function.

[0060] The word “exemplary” and / or “demonstrative” is used herein to mean serving as an example, instance, or illustration. For the avoidance of doubt, the subject matter disclosed herein is not limited by such examples. In addition, any aspect or design described herein as “exemplary” and / or “demonstrative” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other aspects or designs, nor is it meant to preclude equivalent exemplary structures and techniques known to those of ordinary skill in the art. Furthermore, to the extent that the terms “includes,” “has,” “contains,” and other similar words are used in either the detailed description or the claims, such terms are intended to be inclusive — in a manner similar to the term “comprising” as an open transition word — without precluding any additional or other elements.

[0061] Reference throughout this specification to “one embodiment” or “an embodiment” or “an instance” or “one instance” means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. Thus, the appearances of the phrases “in one embodiment” or “in an embodiment” or “in some embodiments” in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.

[0062] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the disclosure. As used herein, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” and / or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof. As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0063] In the field of wireless communication networks, particularly within a fifth-generation (5G) network architecture, an issue arises in the allocation of a user equipment (UE) to network functions. Conventional selection process employed by a network node is based on a count of UEs currently associated with each network function. This process does not account for a dynamic nature of UE activity, where the UEs may become inactive and subsequently released from the network function following an inactivity timer expiry. Consequently, the network function may appear to have capacity from the network node’s perspective, while in reality, it is still burdened with residual load from recently released UEs. This discrepancy can lead to a misrepresentation of a network function’s true load and availability, resulting in a non-uniform distribution of the UEs across the network functions, and potentially overloading certain network functions.

[0064] The present disclosure overcomes the aforementioned deficiencies by introducing a novel system and method for load balancing among the network functions in a communication network. The core of the disclosure lies in its strategic approach to a network function selection, which is twofold:

[0065] The system and method involve calculating a relative capacity for each network function, which serves as an indicator of a network function’s current load in comparison to other network functions within a same set of network functions. This relative capacity is updated in real-time, reflecting dynamic changes in UE associations, thereby providing a more accurate representation of each network function’s ability to accommodate additional UEs.

[0066] The system and method employ a scheduling technique for the selection of the network functions, which is augmented by data of the relative capacity. This technique is applied at two levels: firstly, to select a set of network functions from available sets, and secondly, to choose an individual network function within the selected set of network functions for UE allocation. By incorporating the relative capacity into a selection process, the disclosure ensuresthat the UEs are distributed evenly across the network functions, and that the network functions with insufficient capacity are not selected, thereby preventing overload and promoting efficient resource utilization.

[0067] Various embodiments of the present disclosure will be explained in detail with reference to FIGs. 1 to 5.

[0068] FIG. 1A illustrates an exemplary network architecture (100) in which or with which embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented.

[0069] Referring to the FIG. 1 A, the network architecture (100) may include one or more computing devices or one or more user equipment (UE) (102-1, 102- 2. . . 102-N) that may be associated with one or more users (104-1, 104-2. . . 104-N) and a system (106) in an environment. In an embodiment, the one or more UE (102- 1, 102-2. .. 102-N) may be communicated to the system (106) through a communication network (108). A person of ordinary skill in the art will understand that the one or more UE (102-1, 102-2. . . 102-N) may be individually referred to as the user equipment (102) and collectively referred to as the UE (102). A person of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the terms “computing device(s)” and “UE” may be used interchangeably throughout the disclosure. Although three UE (102) are depicted in the FIG. 1A, however any number of the UE (102) may be included without departing from the scope of the ongoing description. Similarly. A person of ordinary skill in the art will understand that the one or more users (104- 1, 104-2. . . 104-N) may be individually referred to as the user (104) and collectively referred to as the users (104).

[0070] In an embodiment, the UE (102) may include smart devices operating in a smart environment, for example, an Internet of Things (loT) system. In such an embodiment, the UE (102) may include, but not limited to, smartphones, smart watches, smart sensors (e.g., mechanical, thermal, electrical, magnetic, etc.), networked appliances, networked peripheral devices, networked lighting system, communication devices, networked vehicle accessories, networked vehiculardevices, smart accessories, tablets, smart television (TV), computers, a smart security system, a smart home system, other devices for monitoring or interacting with or for the users (104) and / or entities, or any combination thereof. A person of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the UE (102) may include, but not limited to, intelligent multi-sensing, network-connected devices, that can integrate seamlessly with each other and / or with a central server or a cloud-computing system or any other device that is network-connected.

[0071] In an embodiment, the UE (102) may include, but is not limited to, a handheld wireless communication device (e.g., a mobile phone, a smartphone, a phablet device, and so on), a wearable computer device (e.g., a head-mounted display computer device, a head-mounted camera device, a wristwatch computer device, and so on), a Global Positioning System (GPS) device, a laptop, a tablet computer, or another type of portable computer, a media playing device, a portable gaming system, and / or any other type of computer device with wireless communication capabilities, and the like.

[0072] In an embodiment, the UE (102) may include, but is not limited to, any electrical, electronic, electro-mechanical, or an equipment, or a combination of one or more of the above devices such as virtual reality (VR) devices, augmented reality (AR) devices, a general-purpose computer, a desktop, a personal digital assistant, a mainframe computer, or any other computing device. In another embodiment, the UE (102) may include one or more in-built or externally coupled accessories including, but not limited to, a visual aid device such as a camera, an audio aid, a microphone, a keyboard, and input devices for receiving input from the user (104) or the entity such as a touchpad, a touch enabled screen, an electronic pen, and the like. A person of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the UE (102) may not be restricted to the mentioned devices and various other devices may be used.

[0073] Referring to the FIG. 1A, the UE (102) may communicate with the system (106) via a set of executable instructions residing on any operating system.The system (106) may be for example, the system (106) for load balancing among network functions in the communication network (108).

[0074] In an exemplary embodiment, the network functions may be, but not limited to, Session Management Functions (SMFs), Policy Control Functions (PCFs), Policy and Charging Rule Functions (PCRFs), Charging Functions (CHFs) (204), and so forth. In a preferred embodiment, the network functions may be Access and Mobility Management Functions (AMFs). Embodiments of the present invention are intended to include or otherwise cover any type of the network functions including known related art and / or later developed network functions.

[0075] In an embodiment, the system (106) may be configured to facilitate a selection of the network functions during an RRC setup procedure for the UE (102) connecting to a 5G cell. The system (106) may be configured to determine whether a message such as, a RRC setup complete message contains information such as, a subscriber identity or a network function identifier to select the network function. In an exemplary embodiment, the subscriber identity may be a Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity (TMSI) and the network function identifier may be a Registered Globally Unique AMF Identifier (GUAMI).

[0076] If both the subscriber identity and the network function identifier are absent, the system (106) employs a scheduling technique to select one of a set of network functions from one or more sets of network functions and further select the network function from the selected set of network functions, while considering a relative capacity and an operational state of each network function to ensure balanced load distribution and efficient resource management.

[0077] In an exemplary embodiment, the system (106) may be implemented so that a network node may select the network function for the UE (102) accordingly. Generally, a selection of the network function by the network node may occur based on a number of UEs (102) already assigned to or allotted to the network function. For all the network functions connected to the network node, thenetwork node may segregate the network functions according to their set and may further calculate a ratio of the relative capacity of the network functions within a set. In an embodiment, the number of UEs (102) to be allocated to the network function may be based on the calculated ratio. In an exemplary embodiment, the network node may be a next generation Node B (gNB). In an embodiment, components of the system (106) may be explained in detail in conjunction with FIG. IB.

[0078] In an embodiment, the communication network (108) may include, at least one of a 4G network, 5G network, 6G network, or the like. The communication network (108) may enable the UE (102) to communicate with other devices in the network architecture (100) and / or with the system (106). The communication network (108) may include a wireless card or some other transceiver connection to facilitate this communication. In another embodiment, the communication network (108) may be implemented as, or include any of a variety of different communication technologies such as a Wide Area Network (WAN), a Local Area Network (LAN), a wireless network, a mobile network, a Virtual Private Network (VPN), the Internet, a Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN), or the like.

[0079] Although the FIG. 1A shows exemplary components of the network architecture (100); however, in other embodiments, the network architecture (100) may include fewer components, different components, differently arranged components, or additional functional components than depicted in the FIG. 1A. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components of the network architecture (100) may perform functions described as being performed by one or more other components of the network architecture (100).

[0080] FIG. IB illustrates an exemplary block diagram of the system (106), in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0081] In an embodiment, the system (106) may include a receiving unit (110), a memory (112), an interfacing unit (114), a processing unit (116) and a database (118). In an embodiment, the processing unit (116) may include a connection module (120), a network function selection module (122) and an allocation module (124).

[0082] In an embodiment, the receiving unit (110) may be configured to receive a connection request to connect with the network node from the UE (102) (as shown in the FIG. 1A). In an exemplary embodiment, the UE (102) may initiate the connection request to connect with the network node by sending a request message to the network node. As an example, the request message may be an RRC connection request message that may be sent to the network node by the UE (102) to initiate a connection setup process. In an exemplary embodiment, the connection request may be sent by the UE (102) through a user interface (not shown).

[0083] Further, in an exemplary embodiment, the network node may communicate a response message to the UE (102), that may contain configuration details for the UE (102) to establish an RRC connection. As an example, the response message may be an RRC connection setup message. Further, in an embodiment, the receiving unit (110) may be configured to receive the message associated with a connection setup from the UE (102) by the network node. In an exemplary embodiment, the message may be the RRC setup complete message that may be sent by the UE (102) to the network node in response to the received response message. In an embodiment, the RRC setup complete message may include information such as, but not limited to, the subscriber identity, the network function identifier and so forth. In an exemplary embodiment, the RRC setup complete message may indicate that the UE (102) has successfully configured itself according to the configuration details received in the response message from the network node. In an exemplary embodiment, the network node may receive the RRC setup complete message via its radio interface.

[0084] The memory (112) may be configured to store computer-readable instructions or routines in a non-transitory computer readable storage medium. In an aspect, the memory (112) may be configured to store program instructions that may be executed to perform tasks associated with the system (106). The memory (112) may include any non-transitory storage device including, for example, but not limited to, a volatile memory such as a Random Access Memory (RAM), or a nonvolatile memory such as an Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EPROM), a flash memory, and the like. Embodiments of the present invention are intended to include or otherwise type of the memory (112) including known related art and / or later developed technologies.

[0085] In an embodiment, the interfacing unit (114) may comprise a variety of interfaces, for example, interfaces for data input and output devices (VO), storage devices, and the like. The interfacing unit (114) may facilitate communication through the system (106). The interfacing unit (114) may also provide a communication pathway for various other units / modules of the system (106).

[0086] In an embodiment, the database (118) may offer functionality to manage, capture, store, and retrieve data. In an embodiment, the database (118) is configured to serve as a centralized repository for storing the subscriber identity and the network function identifier. The database (118) is designed to interact seamlessly with other components of the system (106), such as the connection module (120), the network function selection module (122), and the allocation module (124), to support the functionality of the system (106) effectively. The database (118) may store the data that may be either stored or generated as a result of functionalities implemented by any of the components of the processing unit (116). In an embodiment, the database (118) may be separate from the system (106).

[0087] The processing unit (116) controls the modules, which executes the computer-readable instructions retrieved from the memory (112). The processing unit (116) further interacts with the interfacing unit (114) to facilitate user interaction and to provide options for managing and configuring the system (106).The processing unit (116) may be implemented as one or more microprocessors, microcomputers, microcontrollers, digital signal processors, central processing units, logic circuitries, and / or any devices that process data based on operational instructions.

[0088] In an embodiment, the connection module (120) may be configured to evaluate the message received from the UE (102) by the network node. In an exemplary embodiment, the message may be evaluated to determine whether the message contains the information such as the subscriber identity, the network function identifier, or both. In an exemplary embodiment, the message may be evaluated by extracting and parsing the information within the message as the information may be encapsulated within the message. In an embodiment, the connection module (120) may be configured to transmit the evaluated result to the network function selection module (122).

[0089] In an embodiment, the network function selection module (122) may be configured to select the network function from the one or more sets of network functions available on the network node when the information is present in the message. In such embodiment, the selection of the network function from one or more sets of network functions may be performed based on the information present in the message. In an embodiment, the network function selection module (122) may be configured to determine an operational state of the network function for selecting the network function. In an exemplary embodiment, the operational state may be up or down. In an exemplary embodiment, a Next Generation (NG) association may be utilized to determine the operational state of the network function.

[0090] In another embodiment, the network function selection module (122) may be configured to select one of the set of network functions by the network node using the scheduling technique when the information is absent in the message. In an exemplary embodiment, the scheduling technique may be a round-robin technique. Further, the network function selection module (122) may be configuredto select each of the network functions within one of the selected sets of network functions using the scheduling technique for determining the relative capacity of each of the network functions within one of the selected sets of network functions.

[0091] In other words, each of the set of network functions may be selected in a round-robin manner, and the network functions within each selected set of network functions may be selected in the round-robin manner for determining the relative capacity of the corresponding network functions.

[0092] In an embodiment, the relative capacity of each of the network functions indicates a current load of the network function as compared to other network functions within a same set of network functions of the one or more set of network functions. In an exemplary embodiment, the relative capacity of each of the network functions may be represented by a value ranging from 0 to 255. For example, 0 value indicates an overloaded state and 255 value indicates no load state. In an exemplary embodiment, the network function with the highest relative capacity among other network functions may have a lesser load as compared to other network functions.

[0093] In an exemplary embodiment, the network function selection module (122) may be configured to determine the relative capacity of each of the network functions by comparing the current load of each of the network functions available within the one of selected sets of network functions with the corresponding network functions available in the same set of network functions. The network function selection module (122) may be configured to select one of the network functions having the relative capacity higher than the other network functions within the same set of network functions.

[0094] Suppose, four network functions such as, AMF1, AMF2, AMF3 and AMF4 may be having the current load of 200, 150, 220 and 180 respectively and the relative capacity is determined by comparing the current load of each of the network functions. Based on the comparison of the current load of the four networkfunctions, it is observed that the AMF3 is having the highest relative capacity while comparing the current load of the network functions with each other. Therefore, the AMF3 is selected first for allocating the UE (102).

[0095] Further, in an embodiment, the network function selection module (122) may be configured to determine the operational state of each of the network functions prior to selecting one of the network functions from the selected set of network functions. In an embodiment, the operational state of each of the network functions may indicate whether the network functions are currently able or unable to communicate with the network node. In an exemplary embodiment, the Next Generation (NG) association may be utilized to determine the operational state of each of the network functions. By monitoring the status of the NG association between the network node and the network functions, it may be determined whether the network function is operational or not. For example, the network functions with a Next Generation (NG) association down may indicate that the network functions may not have an active connection and are unable to communicate with the network node. Similarly, the network functions with a Next Generation (NG) association may indicate that the network functions may have an active connection and are able to communicate with the network node.

[0096] In an embodiment, the network function selection module (122) may be configured to select one of the network functions from the selected set of network functions based on the determined relative capacity and the operating state of the corresponding network function. In an exemplary embodiment, the network function selection module (122) may be configured to select the network function having an active operational state and the value of the relative capacity not equal to 0. In another exemplary embodiment, the network function selection module (122) may be configured to skip the network functions having at least one of an inactive operational state or the value of the relative capacity equals to 0. In an exemplary embodiment, the network function may be selected based on the highest relative capacity as compared to other network functions within the selected set of network functions.

[0097] In an embodiment, the network function selection module (122) may be configured to transmit information associated with the selected network function within the selected set of network functions to the allocation module (124). The allocation module (124) may be configured to allocate the UE (102) to the selected network function within the selected set of network functions. In an embodiment, the UE (102) may be allocated to one of the network functions based on the highest relative capacity as compared to other network functions within the selected set of network functions.

[0098] In an exemplary embodiment, suppose the network node such as, the gNB may be connected to 9 AMFs. The 9 AMFs may be distributed between 3 sets of AMFs, with each set having 3 AMFs. Consider the relative capacity is non-zero for all the AMFs.

[0099] If the relative capacities for the AMFs in the 3 sets are: Set 1 - 50, 50, 50, Set 2 - 60, 120, 180, Set 3 - 225, 150, 75 Based on this, a ratio of relative capacities of all the AMFs may be calculated accordingly, as: Set 1 - 1: 1: 1, Set 2 - 1:2:3, Set 3 - 3:2: 1.

[0100] Therefore, a selection of the AMFs may thus, be as shown below:Set 1: AMF 1 - UE (102) 1, | UE (102) 10, | UE (102) 19, UE (102) 28 o AMF 2 - UE (102) 4, UE (102) 13, UE (102) 22,UE (102) 31 o AMF 3 - UE (102) 7, UE (102) 16, UE (102) 25,UE (102) 34Set 2: AMF 4 - UE (102) 2, | UE (102) 20 o AMF 5 - UE (102) 5, UE (102) 11, | UE (102) 23, UE (102)29 o AMF 6 - UE (102) 8, UE (102) 14, UE (102) 17, | UE (102) 26,UE (102) 32, UE (102) 35Set 3: AMF 7 - UE (102) 3, UE (102) 12, UE (102) 18, UE (102) 21, UE(102) 30, UE (102) 36 o AMF 8 - UE (102) 6, UE (102) 15, UE (102) 24, UE (102) 33 o AMF 9 - UE (102) 9, UE (102) 27

[0101] From the above exemplary embodiment, it is determined that in the set 3, AMF 7 is having more UEs (102) as compared to other AMFs in the set 3 due to the highest relative capacity (i.e., 255) of the AMF 7 as compared to other AMFs.

[0102] In an alternative embodiment, if the selected set of network functions may have only one network function, then whenever such a set of network functions is selected, all the UEs (102) will go to the same network function available within the selected set of network functions. This embodiment eliminates the need to determine the relative capacity of the network function.

[0103] Although the FIG. IB shows an exemplary block diagram of the system (106); however, in other embodiments, the system (106) may include fewer components, different components, differently arranged components, or additional functional components than depicted in the FIG. IB. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components of the system (106) may perform functions described as being performed by one or more other components of the system (106).

[0104] FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary sequence diagram depicting an operation (200) of load balancing among the network functions, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure.

[0105] At a top of a sequence, a signaling interaction is depicted between a Resource Management (RM) entity (202) and the UE (102). At a step (204), the interaction commences with the RRC setup complete message, which indicates that the RRC setup process between the UE (102) and the network node has been finalized.

[0106] Subsequent to this, at a step (206), a presence of one of the TMSI or the Registered GUAMI may be assessed within the RRC setup complete message. If one of the TMSI or the Registered GUAMI is present, then the sequence progresses to a step (208) where an AMF selection process may be performed based on the TMSI or the registered GUAMI.

[0107] At a step (210), the selection of the AMF may be contingent upon two criteria: firstly, a round-robin allocation among sets of AMFs and, secondly, the relative capacity of the AMF within the sets of AMFs.

[0108] Continuing down the sequence, at a step (212), a next set of AMF may be selected using a round-robin approach, and within the selected set of AMF, an individual AMF is selected based on its relative capacity.

[0109] The sequence diagram concludes with a step (214), where any AMF that is non-operational (down) or has the relative capacity of zero is excluded from the selection process. This ensures that no overburdened AMFs are allocated to the UE (102), thus preventing potential overload situations.

[0110] Finally, the sequence loops back to the RM entity (202), signaling the completion of an AMF allocation process for the UE (102).

[0111] FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary flow diagram of a process (300) for load balancing among the network functions, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. The process (300) initiates at a step (302), where the RRC setup complete message is received from the UE (102) (as shown in the FIG. 1A). Subsequently, at a decision step of (304), the process (300) evaluates whether the TMSI or the Registered GUAMI is present in the RRC setup complete message.

[0112] If the decision at the step (304) is affirmative, indicating the presence of one of the TMSI or the GUAMI, then the process (300) proceeds to a step (306) where the AMF is selected based on the TMSI or the registered GUAMI byfollowing a step (308). Conversely, if the decision at the step (304) is negative, then the process (300) proceeds to a step (312).

[0113] The process (300) involves the step (308) to determine if the AMF is found and the NG association is up. If both conditions are selected, then the process (300) may proceed to a step (310) where the AMF is selected. Otherwise, the process (300) may proceed to the step (312).

[0114] At the step (312), the selection of the AMF is performed based on two criteria: (1) the round-robin approach among the sets of AMFs, and (2) the relative capacity of the AMF within each set of AMFs.

[0115] Following this, a step (314) involves a selection of the next set of AMFs in the round-robin manner. Thereafter, at a step (316), the process (300) selects the next AMF within the chosen AMF set using the round-robin approach.

[0116] The process (300) involves a step (318) of assessing whether the NG association is operational and if the relative capacity of the AMF is not equal to zero. If both conditions are met, then the process (300) proceeds to a step (320), where the AMF is selected based on the relative capacity of the AMF.

[0117] If the decision at the step (318) is negative, indicating either the NG association is down or the relative capacity of AMF is zero, then the process (300) loops back to the step (316) to select the next AMF within the AMF set.

[0118] FIG. 4 illustrates an exemplary computer system (400) in which or with which embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented. As shown in the FIG. 4, the computer system (400) may include an external storage device (410), a bus (420), a main memory (430), a read only memory (440), a mass storage device (450), a communication port (460), and a processor (470). A person skilled in the art will appreciate that the computer system (400) may include more than one processor (470) and the communication ports (460). The processor (470) may include various modules associated with embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0119] In an embodiment, the external storage device (410) may be any device that is commonly known in the art such as, but not limited to, a memory card, a memory stick, a solid-state drive, a hard disk drive (HDD), and so forth.

[0120] In an embodiment, the bus (420) may be communicatively coupled with the processor(s) (470) with the other memory, storage, and communication blocks. The bus (420) may be, e.g., a Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) / PCI Extended (PCI-X) bus, a Small Computer System Interface (SCSI), a Universal Serial Bus (USB) or the like, for connecting expansion cards, drives and other subsystems as well as other buses, such a front side bus (FSB), which connects the processor (470) to the computer system (400).

[0121] In an embodiment, the main memory (430) may be a Random Access Memory (RAM), or any other dynamic storage device commonly known in the art. The Read-only memory (440) may be any static storage device(s) e.g., but not limited to, a Programmable Read Only Memory (PROM) chips for storing static information e.g., start-up or Basic Input / Output System (BIOS) instructions for the processor (470).

[0122] In an embodiment, the mass storage device (450) may be any current or future mass storage solution, which may be used to store information and / or instructions. Exemplary mass storage solutions include, but are not limited to, a Parallel Advanced Technology Attachment (PATA) or a Serial Advanced Technology Attachment (SATA) hard disk drives or solid-state drives (internal or external, e.g., having Universal Serial Bus (USB) and / or Firewire interfaces), one or more optical discs, Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) storage, e.g., an array of disks (e.g., SATA arrays).

[0123] Further, the communication port (460) may be any of an RS-232 port for use with a modem-based dialup connection, a 10 / 100 Ethernet port, a Gigabit or 10 Gigabit port using copper or fiber, a serial port, a parallel port, or other existing or future ports. The communication port (460) may be chosen dependingon the network (108), such a Local Area Network (LAN), Wide Area Network (WAN), or any network to which the computer system (400) connects.

[0124] Optionally, operator and administrative interfaces, e.g., a display, a keyboard, a joystick, and a cursor control device, may also be coupled to the bus (420) to support a direct operator interaction with the computer system (400). Other operator and administrative interfaces may be provided through network connections connected through the communication port (460). Components described above are meant only to exemplify various possibilities. In no way should the aforementioned exemplary computer system (400) limit the scope of the present disclosure.

[0125] FIG. 5 illustrates a flowchart of a method (500) for load balancing among network functions in a communication network (108), in accordance with an embodiment of present disclosure.

[0126] At step (502), the method (500) includes a step of receiving a message associated with a connection setup from a UE (102) by a network node. The network node includes one or more set of network functions. In an embodiment, the message is a RRC setup complete message. Further, in some embodiments, the network node is a gNB and the network functions are Access and Mobility Management Functions (AMFs).

[0127] At step (504), the method (500) includes a step of evaluating the received message by the network node to determine whether the message includes information selected from a list of, a subscriber identity, a network function identifier, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the subscriber identity is a TMSI and the network function identifier is a Registered GUAMI. The method (500) selects the network function from the one or more set of network functions based on the information present in the message upon determining an availability of the information in the message. As an example, the message may be parsed by using a parsing technique to convert the message into a structured data format thatmay be navigated for determining if the information is present in the message or not. The parsing technique may depend on a type of the message. If the information is not present in the message, the method (504) may proceed to a step (506).

[0128] At the step (506), the method (500) includes a step of selecting one of the set of network functions by the network node using a scheduling technique when the information is absent in the message. The scheduling technique is a round robin technique.

[0129] At step (508), the method (500) includes a step of selecting each of the network functions within the one of selected set of network functions using the scheduling technique for determining a relative capacity of the each of the network functions within the one of selected set of network functions. The relative capacity of each of the network functions indicates a current load of a network function as compared to other network functions within a same set of network functions of the one or more set of network functions. The relative capacity of each of the network functions is represented by a value ranging from 0 to 255. Suppose, four network functions such as, AMF1, AMF2, AMF3 and AMF4 may be having the current load of 200, 150, 220 and 180 respectively and the relative capacity is determined by comparing the current load of each of the network functions. Based on the comparison of the current load of the four network functions, it is observed that the AMF3 is having the highest relative capacity while comparing the current load of the network functions with each other. Therefore, the AMF3 is selected first for allocating the UE (102). Upon determining the relative capacity, the method (500) determines an operational state of the each of the network functions.

[0130] At step (510), the method (500) includes a step of allocating the UE (102) to one of the selected network functions within the one of selected set of network functions based on the relative capacity of the corresponding network function. In an exemplary embodiment, the UE (102) is allocated to one of the network functions based on a highest relative capacity as compared to other network functions within the selected set of network functions.

[0131] In an embodiment, the present disclosure discloses a user equipment (UE) communicatively coupled with a communication network. The coupling including a step of receiving, by the communication network, a connection request from the UE. The coupling including a step of sending, by the network, an acknowledgment of the connection request to the UE. The coupling including a step of transmitting a plurality of signals in response to the connection request. The communication network is configured for implementing the method for load balancing among network functions in the communication network.

[0132] While the foregoing describes various embodiments of the present disclosure, other and further embodiments of the present disclosure may be devised without departing from the basic scope thereof. The scope of the present disclosure is determined by the claims that follow. The present disclosure is not limited to the described embodiments, versions or examples, which are included to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make and use the present disclosure when combined with information and knowledge available to the person having ordinary skill in the art.

[0133] While considerable emphasis has been placed herein on the preferred embodiments, it will be appreciated that many embodiments can be made and that many changes can be made in the preferred embodiments without departing from the principles of the disclosure. These and other changes in the preferred embodiments of the disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the disclosure herein, whereby it is to be distinctly understood that the foregoing descriptive matter is to be implemented merely as illustrative of the disclosure and not as a limitation.

[0134] The present disclosure provides a technical advancement related to the field of telecommunications, specifically in load balancing network functions. This advancement addresses limitations of existing solutions by implementing around-robin selection method for Access and Mobility Management Functions (AMFs). The disclosure offers innovative aspects, providing significant improvements in performance and reliability by ensuring efficient distribution of network requests across multiple AMFs. By implementing this invention, the disclosed system enhances resource utilization, reduces latency, and maintains service continuity, resulting in optimized network function deployment and operation in next-generation networks such as 5G.ADVANTAGES OF THE PRESENT DISCLOSURE

[0135] The present disclosure provides a system and a method for load balancing of network functions in a communication network.

[0136] The present invention provides a system and method for allocating AMFs to UEs in such a manner that none of a plurality of AMFs are overloaded.

[0137] The present invention provides a system and a method for efficiently serving UEs by allocating each UE with an AMF that has a capacity.

Claims

CLAIMS1. A method (500) for load balancing among network functions in a communication network (108), the method (500) comprising steps of: receiving a message associated with a connection setup from a user equipment (UE) (102) by a network node, wherein the network node comprises one or more set of network functions; evaluating the received message by the network node to determine whether the message comprises information selected from a list of, a subscriber identity, a network function identifier, or a combination thereof; selecting one of the set of network functions by the network node using a scheduling technique when the information is absent in the message; selecting each of the network functions within the one of selected set of network functions using the scheduling technique for determining a relative capacity of the each of the network functions within the one of selected set of network functions; and allocating the UE (102) to one of the selected network functions within the one of selected set of network functions based on the determined relative capacity of a corresponding selected network function.

2. The method (500) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the network node is a Next Generation Node B (gNB).

3. The method (500) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the scheduling technique is a round robin technique.

4. The method (500) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the message is a Radio Resource Control (RRC) setup complete message.

5. The method (500) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the network functions are Access and Mobility Management Functions (AMFs).

6. The method (500) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the subscriber identity is a Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity (TMSI) and the network function identifier is a Registered Globally Unique Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) Identifier (GUAMI).

7. The method (500) as claimed in claim 1, comprising a step of selecting the network function from the one or more set of network functions based on the information present in the message upon determining an availability of the information in the message.

8. The method (500) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the relative capacity of each of the network functions indicates a current load of a network function as compared to other network functions within a same set of network functions of the one or more set of network functions.

9. The method (500) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the relative capacity of each of the network functions is represented by a value ranging from 0 to 255.

10. The method (500) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the UE (102) is allocated to one of the network functions based on a highest relative capacity as compared to other network functions within the one of selected set of network functions.

11. The method (500) as claimed in claim 1, comprising a step of determining an operational state of the each of the network functions prior selecting one of the network functions for UE (102) allocation.

12. A system (106) for load balancing among network functions in a communication network (108), wherein the system (106) comprising: a receiving unit (110) configured to receive a message associated with a connection setup from a user equipment (UE) (102) by a network node, wherein the network node comprises one or more set of network functions;a processing unit (116) communicatively coupled to the receiving unit (110), wherein the processing unit (116) is configured to: evaluate the message received from the UE (102) by the network node to determine whether the message comprises information selected from a list of, a subscriber identity, a network function identifier, or a combination thereof; select one of the set of network functions by the network node using a scheduling technique when the information is absent in the message; select each of the network functions within the one of the selected set of network functions using the scheduling technique for determining a relative capacity of the each of the network functions within the one of selected set of network functions; and allocate the UE (102) to one of the selected network functions within the one of selected set of network functions based on the determined relative capacity of a corresponding selected network function.

13. The system (106) as claimed in claim 12, wherein the network node is a Next Generation Node B (gNB).

14. The system (106) as claimed in claim 12, wherein the message is a Radio Resource Control (RRC) setup complete message.

15. The system (106) as claimed in claim 12, wherein the scheduling technique is a round robin technique.

16. The system (106) as claimed in claim 12, wherein the network functions are Access and Mobility Management Functions (AMFs).

17. The system (106) as claimed in claim 12, wherein the subscriber identity is a Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity (TMSI) and the network function identifier is a Registered Globally Unique AMF Identifier (GUAMI).

18. The system (106) as claimed in claim 12, wherein the processing unit (116) is configured to select the network function from the one or more set of network functions based on the information present in the message upon determining an availability of the information in the message.

19. The system (106) as claimed in claim 12, wherein the relative capacity of each of the network functions indicates a current load of the network function as compared to other network functions within a same set of network functions of the one or more set of network functions.

20. The system (106) as claimed in claim 12, wherein the relative capacity of each of the network functions is represented by a value ranging from 0 to 255.

21. The system (106) as claimed in claim 12, wherein the UE (102) is allocated to one of the network functions based on a highest relative capacity of the corresponding network function as compared to other network functions within the one of selected set of network functions.

22. The system (106) as claimed in claim 12, wherein the processing unit (116) is configured to determine an operational state of the each of the network functions prior selecting one of the network functions for UE (102) allocation.

23. A user equipment (UE) (102) communicatively coupled with a communication network (108), the coupling comprises steps of: receiving, by the communication network (108), a connection request from UE (102); sending, by the communication network (108), an acknowledgment of the connection request to the UE (102); andtransmitting a plurality of signals in response to the connection request, wherein the communication network (108) is configured for performing a method (500) for load balancing among network functions in the communication network (108) as claimed in claim 1.

24. A computer program product comprising a non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform a method (500) for load balancing among network functions in a communication network (108), the method (500) comprising steps of: receiving a message associated with a connection setup from a user equipment (UE) (102) by a network node, wherein the network node comprises one or more set of network functions; evaluating the received message by the network node to determine whether the message comprises information selected from a list of, a subscriber identity, a network function identifier, or a combination thereof; selecting one of the set of network functions by the network node using a scheduling technique when the information is absent in the message; selecting each of the network functions within the one of selected set of network functions using the scheduling technique for determining a relative capacity of the each of the network functions within the one of selected set of network functions; and allocating the UE (102) to one of the selected network functions within the one of selected set of network functions based on the determined relative capacity of a corresponding selected network function.

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