Method and apparatus by which wireless repeater manages beams

Abstract

Disclosed are a method and apparatus by which a wireless repeater manages beams. The method of the repeater includes the steps of: receiving first resource set information associated with a first beam from a first base station; receiving second resource set information associated with a second beam from a second base station; selecting one piece of resource set information having a higher priority from between the first resource set information and the second resource set information if a first time resource indicated by the first resource set information overlaps with a second time resource indicated by the second resource set information; and communicating with a terminal by using one beam associated with the one piece of resource set information from among resources indicated by the one piece of resource set information.

Description

Method and device for managing beams of a wireless repeater

[0001] The present disclosure relates to beam management technology, and more particularly, to beam management technology of a wireless repeater for expanding communication coverage.

[0002] With the advancement of information and communication technology, various wireless communication technologies are being developed. Representative wireless communication technologies include LTE (long term evolution), LTE-A (advanced), and NR (new radio), all of which are defined by the 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) standards. LTE and / or LTE-A may be considered 4G (4th Generation) communication technologies. NR may be considered 5G (5th Generation) communication technologies.

[0003] In order to handle the rapidly increasing amount of wireless data following the commercialization of 4G communication systems (e.g., communication systems supporting LTE and / or LTE-A), 5G communication systems (e.g., communication systems supporting NR) that use frequency bands higher than the frequency bands of 4G communication systems (e.g., frequency bands below 6 GHz) as well as frequency bands lower than the frequency bands of 4G communication systems are being considered. 5G communication systems may support enhanced Mobile BroadBand (eMBB), Ultra Reliable Low Latency Communication (URLLC), and / or massive Machine Type Communication (mMTC).

[0004] In 5G communication systems and / or communication systems after 5G communication systems (e.g., 6G communication systems, future communication systems), a network-controlled repeater (NCR) may be introduced. NCR can efficiently expand the coverage of a communication system. NCR can be introduced to overcome the limitations of existing RF (radio frequency) repeaters that perform simple amplification and / or simple retransmission of a received signal. A base station can control the NCR. In addition to the "function of amplifying a received signal and / or the function of retransmitting a signal," the NCR can perform additional signal processing functions. In a communication system supporting NCR, the base station (or network) can control the operation of the NCR based on a control signal.

[0005] The signal processing function of the NCR may support an operation of receiving a control signal from a base station and / or an operation of transmitting a response to the control signal to the base station. Device(s) for supporting the signal processing function may be added. When the NCR performs a relay operation in the mmWave (millimeter Wave) frequency band of 6 GHz or higher, the added device(s) may be a device(s) that supports the generation, control, and / or management of beams to secure coverage of the mmWave band.

[0006] In the existing NR standard, only one beam can be allocated to an access link of an NCR within the same time resource (e.g., at a specific point in time). In other words, only single beam operation can be supported in the existing NR standard. An access link may be a link between an NCR and a terminal. If multiple beams are allocated within the same time resource (e.g., at a specific point in time), a method for selecting one of the multiple beams may be required to ensure single beam operation.

[0007] In future communication systems (e.g., 5G-advanced communication systems, 6G communication systems), the antenna structure and / or antenna panel structure of repeaters (e.g., NCRs) may be advanced, and the number of users in the mmWave band may increase. Considering the above situation, it may be necessary for repeaters to operate using multiple beams in the same time resource. In other words, the need for multi-beam operation may be high. To support multi-beam operation, a multi-beam indication method, a multi-beam priority determination method, etc. may be required. Multi-beam operation may be performed in the access link.

[0008] The purpose of the present disclosure to solve the above problems is to provide a method and device for beam management in a wireless repeater.

[0009] According to embodiments of the present disclosure for achieving the above object, a method of a repeater includes the steps of: receiving first resource set information associated with a first beam from a first base station; receiving second resource set information associated with a second beam from a second base station; selecting one resource set information having a higher priority among the first resource set information and the second resource set information when a first time resource indicated by the first resource set information overlaps with a second time resource indicated by the second resource set information; and performing communication with a terminal using one beam associated with the one resource set information in a resource indicated by the one resource set information.

[0010] Each of the first resource set information and the second resource set information may indicate a semi-persistent resource, a periodic resource, or an aperiodic resource.

[0011] Each of the first resource set information and the second resource set information indicating the semi-persistent resource or the periodic resource may be included in an RRC message, and each of the first resource set information and the second resource set information indicating the aperiodic resource may be included in a DCI.

[0012] The first resource set information may include a single beam instruction or a multi-beam instruction including the first beam, and the second resource set information may include a single beam instruction or a multi-beam instruction including the second beam.

[0013] The use of resources indicated by each of the first resource set information and the second resource set information can be indicated by MAC CE.

[0014] Among the first resource set information and the second resource set information, one of the resource set information indicating an aperiodic resource may have the high priority.

[0015] Among the first resource set information and the second resource set information, one of the resource set information indicating a semi-persistent resource may have the high priority.

[0016] Among the first resource set information and the second resource set information, one of the resource set information having a priority flag may have the higher priority.

[0017] Among the first resource set information and the second resource set information, the one resource set information associated with the low beam index or the high beam index may have the high priority.

[0018] Among the first resource set information and the second resource set information, the one resource set information including a single beam instruction or a multi-beam instruction may have the high priority.

[0019] The resources indicated by each of the first resource set information and the second resource set information may be resources in an access link between the relay and the terminal.

[0020] The first base station and the second base station may be the same base station or different base stations.

[0021] According to embodiments of the present disclosure for achieving the above object, a repeater includes at least one processor, wherein the at least one processor causes the repeater to receive first resource set information associated with a first beam from a first base station, receive second resource set information associated with a second beam from a second base station, select one resource set information having a higher priority among the first resource set information and the second resource set information when a first time resource indicated by the first resource set information overlaps with a second time resource indicated by the second resource set information, and perform communication with a terminal using one beam associated with the one resource set information in a resource indicated by the one resource set information.

[0022] Each of the first resource set information and the second resource set information may indicate a semi-persistent resource, a periodic resource, or an aperiodic resource.

[0023] The first resource set information may include a single beam instruction or a multi-beam instruction including the first beam, and the second resource set information may include a single beam instruction or a multi-beam instruction including the second beam.

[0024] Among the first resource set information and the second resource set information, one of the resource set information indicating an aperiodic resource may have the high priority.

[0025] Among the first resource set information and the second resource set information, one of the resource set information indicating a semi-persistent resource may have the high priority.

[0026] Among the first resource set information and the second resource set information, one of the resource set information having a priority flag may have the higher priority.

[0027] Among the first resource set information and the second resource set information, the one resource set information associated with the low beam index or the high beam index may have the high priority.

[0028] Among the first resource set information and the second resource set information, the one resource set information including a single beam instruction or a multi-beam instruction may have the high priority.

[0029] According to the present disclosure, the performance gain of a communication system can be improved through a repeater (e.g., a network-controlled repeater (NCR)). The repeater can efficiently perform an amplification operation and / or a retransmission operation for a signal of the repeater and / or a signal of a terminal. A plurality of beams can be indicated in an access link between the repeater and the terminal. In this case, the repeater can select one or more beams from the plurality of beams based on a priority, and can perform communication with the terminal using the selected one or more beams. Accordingly, ambiguity in beam selection can be resolved, and communication between the repeater and the terminal can be performed efficiently.

[0030] Figure 1 is a conceptual diagram illustrating embodiments of a wireless interface protocol structure in a communication system.

[0031] FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram illustrating examples of time resources through which wireless signals are transmitted in a communication system.

[0032] FIG. 3 is a conceptual diagram for explaining the time difference between the reception timing of the #i-th downlink frame and the transmission timing of the #i-th uplink frame in one embodiment of a communication system.

[0033] Figure 4 is a conceptual diagram illustrating embodiments of a time / frequency resource grid of a communication system.

[0034] FIG. 5 is a conceptual diagram illustrating embodiments of SS / PBCH blocks of a communication system.

[0035] Figure 6 is a flowchart illustrating embodiments of a random access procedure in a communication system.

[0036] Figure 7 is a conceptual diagram illustrating examples of SSB-RO linkage according to RACH settings in a communication system.

[0037] Figure 8 is a conceptual diagram illustrating examples of SSB-RO linkage according to RACH settings in a communication system.

[0038] FIG. 9 is a conceptual diagram illustrating embodiments of a QCL information transmission process through TCI state setting and instructions in a communication system.

[0039] FIG. 10 is a conceptual diagram illustrating embodiments of a TCI state activation / deactivation MAC CE structure in a communication system.

[0040] FIG. 11 is a conceptual diagram illustrating embodiments of a TCI status indication MAC CE in a communication system.

[0041] Figure 12 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a slot configuration according to a slot format in a communication system.

[0042] Figure 13 is a flowchart illustrating embodiments of a terminal capability reporting procedure in a communication system.

[0043] FIGS. 14a and 14b are conceptual diagrams illustrating embodiments of a user plane protocol stack structure and a control plane protocol stack structure in a communication system.

[0044] Figure 15 is a conceptual diagram illustrating embodiments of a method for setting a slot format.

[0045] Figure 16 is a conceptual diagram illustrating embodiments of commercial RF repeaters.

[0046] FIG. 17 is a conceptual diagram illustrating embodiments of protocol stacks of a control plane and a user plane in a communication system having an RF repeater.

[0047] Figure 18 is a conceptual diagram illustrating embodiments of NCR.

[0048] FIG. 19a is a conceptual diagram illustrating embodiments of a protocol stack of a user plane of an improved relay.

[0049] Figure 19b is a conceptual diagram illustrating embodiments of a protocol stack of a control plane of an improved relay.

[0050] FIG. 20 is a conceptual diagram illustrating embodiments of an amplifier structure of NCR and a configuration of an RF chain according to the amplifier structure.

[0051] Fig. 21 is a conceptual diagram illustrating embodiments of an amplifier structure of NCR and a configuration of an RF chain according to the amplifier structure.

[0052] Fig. 22 is a conceptual diagram illustrating embodiments of a method for determining the priority of a single beam. In Fig. 22, a flag may mean a priority flag.

[0053] Fig. 23 is a conceptual diagram illustrating embodiments of a method for determining priorities of multiple beams. In Fig. 23, a flag may mean a priority flag.

[0054] Figure 24 is a flowchart illustrating a method for performing single beam operation or multi-beam operation based on priority.

[0055] Figure 25 is a flowchart illustrating a method of performing single beam operation or multi-beam operation based on priority.

[0056] Figure 26 is a block diagram illustrating embodiments of a base station.

[0057] Figure 27 is a block diagram illustrating embodiments of a repeater.

[0058] Figure 28 is a block diagram illustrating embodiments of communication nodes.

[0059] This disclosure may be subject to various modifications and various embodiments. Specific embodiments are illustrated and described in detail in the drawings. However, this is not intended to limit the disclosure to specific embodiments, but rather to encompass all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and technical scope of the disclosure.

[0060] While terms such as "first" and "second" may be used to describe various components, these components should not be limited by these terms. These terms are used solely to distinguish one component from another. For example, without departing from the scope of the present disclosure, a first component could be referred to as a "second component," and similarly, a second component could also be referred to as a "first component." The term "and / or" encompasses any combination of multiple related items or any one of multiple related items.

[0061] In the present disclosure, “at least one of A and B” may mean “at least one of A or B” or “at least one of combinations of one or more of A and B.” Furthermore, in the present disclosure, “at least one of A and B” may mean “at least one of A or B” or “at least one of combinations of one or more of A and B.”

[0062] In the present disclosure, (re)transmission may mean “transmission,” “retransmission,” or “transmission and retransmission,” (re)setting may mean “setting,” “resetting,” or “setting and resetting,” (re)connection may mean “connection,” “reconnection,” or “connection and reconnection,” and (re)connection may mean “connection,” “reconnection,” or “connection and reconnection.”

[0063] When a component is referred to as being "connected" or "connected" to another component, it should be understood that it may be directly connected or connected to that other component, but that there may be other components intervening. Conversely, when a component is referred to as being "directly connected" or "connected" to another component, it should be understood that there are no other components intervening.

[0064] The terminology used in this disclosure is only used to describe specific embodiments and is not intended to limit the present disclosure. The singular expression includes the plural expression unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. In this disclosure, it should be understood that the terms "comprises" or "has" indicate the presence of a feature, number, step, operation, component, part, or combination thereof described in the specification, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, numbers, steps, operations, components, parts, or combinations thereof.

[0065] Unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein, including technical or scientific terms, have the same meaning as commonly understood by a person of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure pertains. Terms defined in commonly used dictionaries should be interpreted as having a meaning consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant technology, and shall not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless explicitly defined herein.

[0066] Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail with reference to the attached drawings. In order to facilitate an overall understanding in describing the present disclosure, identical reference numerals will be used for identical components in the drawings, and redundant descriptions of identical components will be omitted.

[0067] A communication network to which embodiments of the present disclosure are applied will be described. The communication network to which embodiments of the present disclosure are applied is not limited to the scope described below, and embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied to various communication networks. Here, "communication network" may be used interchangeably with "communication system." "Communication network" may refer to a wireless communication network, and "communication system" may refer to a wireless communication system.

[0068] In the present disclosure, “an operation (e.g., a transmission operation) is set” may mean that “setting information for the operation (e.g., an information element, a parameter)” and / or “information instructing performance of the operation” are signaled. “An information element (e.g., a parameter) is set” may mean that the information element is signaled. In the present disclosure, the signaling may be at least one of system information (SI) signaling (e.g., transmission of a system information block (SIB) and / or a master information block (MIB)), RRC signaling (e.g., transmission of RRC parameters and / or upper layer parameters), MAC control element (CE) signaling, or PHY signaling (e.g., transmission of downlink control information (DCI), uplink control information (UCI), and / or sidelink control information (SCI)).

[0069] Throughout the specification, the network may include, for example, wireless internet such as WiFi (wireless fidelity), mobile internet such as WiBro (wireless broadband internet) or WiMax (world interoperability for microwave access), 2G mobile communication networks such as GSM (global system for mobile communication) or CDMA (code division multiple access), 3G mobile communication networks such as WCDMA (wideband code division multiple access) or CDMA2000, 3.5G mobile communication networks such as HSDPA (high speed downlink packet access) or HSUPA (high speed uplink packet access), 4G mobile communication networks such as LTE (long term evolution) or LTE-Advanced, 5G mobile communication networks, B5G mobile communication networks (6G mobile communication networks, etc.), etc.

[0070] Throughout the specification, a terminal may refer to a mobile station, a mobile terminal, a subscriber station, a portable subscriber station, a user equipment, an access terminal, etc., and may include all or part of the functions of a terminal, a mobile station, a mobile terminal, a subscriber station, a portable subscriber station, a user equipment, an access terminal, etc.

[0071] Here, a desktop computer, laptop computer, tablet PC, wireless phone, mobile phone, smart phone, smart watch, smart glass, e-book reader, portable multimedia player (PMP), portable game console, navigation device, digital camera, digital multimedia broadcasting (DMB) player, digital audio recorder, digital audio player, digital picture recorder, digital picture player, digital video recorder, digital video player, etc. capable of communicating with the terminal can be used.

[0072] Throughout the specification, a base station may also refer to an access point, a radio access station, a node B, an evolved node B, a base transceiver station, a mobile multihop relay (MMR)-BS, etc., and may include all or part of the functions of a base station, an access point, a radio access station, a node B, an eNodeB, a base transceiver station, an MMR-BS, etc.

[0073] Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail with reference to the attached drawings. In order to facilitate an overall understanding in describing the present disclosure, identical reference numerals will be used for identical components in the drawings, and redundant descriptions of identical components will be omitted.

[0074] FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram illustrating embodiments of a radio interface protocol architecture in a communication system.

[0075] Referring to FIG. 1, one embodiment of a wireless interface protocol structure (100) of a communication system may be configured to include a radio resource control (RRC) layer (110), a medium access control (MAC) layer (120), a physical (PHY) layer (130), etc. One embodiment of the wireless interface protocol structure (100) illustrated in FIG. 1 may correspond to various interface embodiments, such as an interface between a terminal and a base station, an interface between an IAB-node DU (distributed unit) of an IAB (integrated access backhaul) network and an IAB-node MT (mobile terminal), an interface between an IAB-node DU and a lower node, an interface between an IAB-node MT and an upper node, and an interface between a plurality of terminals.

[0076] Near the PHY layer (130), an RRC layer (110) and a MAC layer (120) may be placed above the PHY layer (130). For example, a MAC layer (120) may be placed above the PHY layer (130). An RRC layer (110) may be placed above the MAC layer (120).

[0077] The MAC layer (120) can be connected to a higher layer (e.g., the RRC layer (110)) through logical channels (115). The PHY layer (130) can be connected to the higher MAC layer (120) through transport channels (125). The PHY layer (130) can exchange control information or measurement information (150) with the RRC layer (110).

[0078] The PHY layer (130) may be referred to as 'layer 1' or 'L1'. The MAC layer (120) may be referred to as 'layer 2' or 'L2'. The RRC layer (110) may be referred to as 'layer 3' or 'L3'. The RRC layer (110) and the MAC layer (120) may be collectively referred to as 'upper layers'.

[0079] In this specification, 'L1 signaling' may refer to signaling such as DCI (downlink control information) transmitted through PDCCH (physical downlink control channel), which is a PHY layer (130) channel, UCI (uplink control information) transmitted through PUCCH (physical uplink control channel), and SCI (sidelink control information) transmitted through PSCCH (physical sidelink control channel). Similarly, 'upper layer signaling' in this specification may include L2 signaling transmitted through MAC CE (control element), L3 signaling transmitted through RRC signaling, etc.

[0080] In communication systems such as 5G, one or more of the numerologies in Table 1 may be used for various purposes, such as reducing inter-carrier interference (ICI) according to frequency band characteristics and reducing latency according to service characteristics.

[0081]

[0082] Table 1 is only an example for convenience of explanation, and embodiments of numerologies used in a communication system may not be limited thereto. Each numerology μ may correspond to information on subcarrier spacing (SCS) Δf and cyclic prefix (CP). The terminal can check the numerology μ and CP values ​​applied to the downlink bandwidth part or the uplink bandwidth part based on the upper layer parameters such as 'subcarrierSpacing' and 'cyclicPrefix'. Fig. 2 is a conceptual diagram illustrating embodiments of time resources for transmitting a wireless signal in a communication system.

[0083] Referring to FIG. 2, the time resource for transmitting a wireless signal in a communication system (200) is one or more ( ) a frame (230) consisting of a subframe (220), one or more ( ) a sub-frame (220) consisting of a slot (210), and It can be expressed as a slot (210) consisting of OFDM symbols. At this time, each variable The values ​​may follow the values ​​in Table 2 in the case of a regular cyclic prefix, or follow the values ​​in Table 3 in the case of an extended cyclic prefix, depending on the set numerology. OFDM symbols included in one slot may be distinguished as 'downlink', 'flexible', or 'uplink' by upper layer signaling or a combination of upper layer signaling and L1 signaling.

[0084]

[0085]

[0086] In a 5G NR communication system, a frame (230) may have a length of 10 ms, and a subframe (220) may have a length of 1 ms. Each frame (230) may be divided into two half-frames having the same length, and the first half-frame (half-frame 0) may be composed of sub-frames (220) numbered 0 to 4, and the second half-frame (half-frame 1) may be composed of sub-frames (220) numbered 5 to 9. One carrier may have a set of frames for uplink (uplink frames) and a set of frames for downlink (downlink frames). FIG. 3 is a conceptual diagram for explaining a time difference between the reception timing of the #i-th downlink frame and the transmission timing of the #i-th uplink in one embodiment of a communication system.

[0087] Referring to FIG. 3, the time difference between the reception timing of the #i-th downlink frame (300) and the transmission timing of the #i-th uplink frame (310) is T TA (320). Accordingly, the terminal may compare T with the start time of reception of downlink frame #i (300). TA Transmission for uplink frame #i (310) can be started at an earlier point in time. Such TTA can be named as timing advance or timing adjustment (TA). The base station informs the terminal of T through upper layer signaling or L1 signaling. TA You can instruct it to change the value, for example: We can promise to apply it as follows. For 5G NR Is can be defined as, Is can be defined as follows: Is It can be defined as follows, can be a value set by L3 signaling, and N TA is the value T indicated by L2 signaling A It can be a value determined by the following mathematical formula 1.

[0088]

[0089] Here, and The description may be an example for a specific situation, and various other options may exist, but not all possible cases may be listed in this disclosure so as not to obscure the gist of the description.

[0090] Figure 4 is a conceptual diagram illustrating embodiments of a time / frequency resource grid of a communication system.

[0091] Referring to FIG. 4, the time / frequency resource grid (400) of the communication system subcarriers and It can be composed of OFDM symbols. The resource grid can be defined for each numeral and carrier. In this case, may be a common resource block (CRB) location indicated by upper layer signaling. may mean the number of resource blocks (RBs) (410) starting from the CRB, i.e., the carrier bandwidth. and / or can have different values ​​for each link direction (uplink, downlink, sidelink) or for each numerology (μ). Here, the numerology (μ) may be referred to by other terms, such as subcarrier spacing (SCS) settings, as needed.

[0092] Each element within the resource grid for antenna port p and subcarrier spacing (SCS) setting (μ) may be referred to as a resource element (RE) (420). Each location can be uniquely defined. Here, k can be a frequency axis index, and l can mean a symbol location on the time axis. is a physical channel or signal complex value may correspond to physical resources used to transmit. One resource block (410) is continuous on the frequency axis. can be defined as a set of subcarriers.

[0093] 5G NR communication systems can introduce the concept of a bandwidth part (BWP) to reduce the high terminal implementation complexity and power consumption due to the increased carrier bandwidth compared to 3G / 4G communication systems. A bandwidth part can be composed of consecutive common resource blocks, and the starting resource block location of the bandwidth part and the number of resource blocks that make up the corresponding bandwidth portion. can satisfy mathematical expressions 2 and 3.

[0094]

[0095]

[0096] For a single terminal, up to four downlink bandwidth segments can be configured within a single component carrier (CC), and only one downlink bandwidth segment can be activated at a time. The terminal may not receive physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH), physical downlink control channel (PDCCH), channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), etc. outside of the activated bandwidth segment.

[0097] For a single terminal, up to four uplink bandwidth segments can be configured within a single component carrier, and only one uplink bandwidth segment can be activated at a time. The terminal may not transmit PUSCH (physical uplink shared channel), PUCCH (physical uplink control channel), SRS (sounding reference signal), etc. outside of the activated bandwidth segment.

[0098] FIG. 5 is a conceptual diagram illustrating embodiments of a synchronization signal and physical broadcast channel block (SSB) of a communication system.

[0099] Referring to FIG. 5, the SS / PBCH block (500) of the communication system may be composed of a primary synchronization signal (PSS) transmitted in the middle 127 subcarriers of the first OFDM symbol, a secondary synchronization signal (SSS) transmitted in the middle 127 subcarriers of the third OFDM symbol, and a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) transmitted in the second, third, and fourth OFDM symbols. The PBCH, which occupies the widest bandwidth, may be transmitted over 20 RBs, which may be 3.6 MHz based on a 15 kHz SCS. The base station transmits one SSB using the same beam, and if there is a need to operate multiple beams, such as when the number of base station antennas increases or when applying more than one analog beam to support high frequencies, multi-beam operation can be supported by transmitting multiple SSBs. Here, the term 'beam' can be expressed in various terms such as transmission precoding or spatial transmission filter in actual application, but in order not to obscure the main point of the explanation, it can be referred to as beam.

[0100] For example, a base station may transmit multiple SSBs (530, 540, 550, 560) to represent multiple beams (e.g., beam #1, beam #2, beam #3, beam #4). At this time, it may be possible for multiple SSBs (530, 540, 550, 560) to be transmitted in one slot according to a pre-arranged pattern for each numerology. SSBs (530, 540, 550, 560) to which different beams are applied may be included in an SS burst (520) and grouped into one set. A terminal may assume a half-frame window having a length of 5 ms at the time of monitoring an SSB. An SS burst set (515) configured by upper layer signaling within a half frame may include one or more SS bursts (520). When performing initial access (IA), if the RRC configuration values ​​are unknown or unavailable, the terminal can receive or measure SSB by assuming a period of 20 ms for the SS burst set (510). For example, the terminal can receive SSB by referring to SSB configuration information identical or similar to that shown in Tables 4 and 5.

[0101]

[0102]

[0103] Figure 6 is a flowchart illustrating embodiments of a random access procedure in a communication system.

[0104] Referring to FIG. 6, in the random access procedure of the communication system (600), the terminal (615) may transmit a PRACH (physical random access channel) preamble to the base station (610), which may be referred to as Msg1 (S620). Through the transmission of the PRACH preamble, a random access-radio network temporary identifier (RA-RNTI) may be determined. At this time, the RA-RNTI may be calculated using Equation 4.

[0105]

[0106] s in equation 4 id may be the index of the first OFDM symbol of the corresponding PRACH occasion (0≤s id <14), t id may be the first slot index of the corresponding PRACH occasion within the system frame (0≤t). id <80), f can be the index of the corresponding PRACH occasion in the frequency axis (0≤f id <8), may mean a value depending on the type of uplink carrier used for preamble transmission (0 is a regular uplink carrier, 1 is a complementary uplink carrier).

[0107] In this way, before the terminal transmits the PRACH preamble from the base station, the terminal may obtain system information through PBCH reception or may have some of the information below through RRC signaling reception, etc.

[0108] - PRACH preamble format

[0109] - Time / frequency resource information for RACH (random access channel) transmission

[0110] - Index to logical root sequence table

[0111] - Cyclic shift (N CS )

[0112] - Set type (unrestricted, restricted set A, restricted set B)

[0113] Referring back to FIG. 6, in the second procedure, the base station may provide a random access response (RAR) to the terminal, which may be referred to as Msg2 (S630). Specifically, when the base station receives a PRACH preamble from the terminal in step S620, the base station may calculate an RA-RNTI based on Equation 4 and transmit DCI using the RA-RNTI for scrambling. The terminal may monitor the PDCCH scrambled with the RA-RNTI in a section included in the RACH response window set in a higher layer among the Type 1 PDCCH CSS (common search space). The terminal may receive the PDCCH (or the DCI transmitted from the base station via the PDCCH) and decode the received PDCCH (or DCI). If the terminal successfully decodes the PDCCH (or DCI), the terminal may decode the PDSCH including the RAR data transmitted from the base station in step S630. If the terminal successfully decode the RAR, the terminal can check whether the RAPID (RA preamble identifier) ​​in the RAR matches the RAPID pre-allocated to the terminal.

[0114] In the third procedure, the terminal can transmit a PUSCH to the base station, which can be referred to as Msg3 (S640). To this end, the terminal can decide whether to apply transform precoding to the PUSCH transmission (i.e., transmit using DFT (discrete Fourier transform)-s-OFDM) or not (i.e., transmit using OFDM) based on a higher layer parameter (e.g., msg3-transformPrecoding). In addition, the terminal can determine the SCS to use for the PUSCH transmission based on a higher layer parameter (e.g., msg3-scs). In this case, the PUSCH of Msg3 can be transmitted through the serving cell where the PRACH is transmitted.

[0115] In the fourth procedure, the base station can transmit a contention resolution message to the terminal, which can be referred to as Msg4 (S650). The terminal can start a timer to receive the contention resolution message and monitor the PDCCH scrambled with a TC-RNTI (temporary cell-RNTI) in the type 1 PDCCH CSS until the timer expires. If the terminal successfully decodes the PDCCH, the terminal can decode the PDSCH including the MAC CE and set the TC-RNTI to the C-RNTI (Cell-RNTI). After successfully decoding Msg4, the terminal can report a HARQ (hybrid automatic repeat request) ACK (positive-acknowledgement) to the base station and report the success or failure of the RACH procedure to the base station (S660).

[0116] The aforementioned RACH occasion (RO) may refer to time and frequency resources specified for receiving a RACH preamble, which the UE may use for PRACH transmission. As described above, in 5G NR, multiple SSBs may be associated with different beams for multi-beam operation, and the UE may measure multiple SSBs and select an optimal SSB (i.e., optimal beam) by one of various methods, such as reference signal received power (RSRP), reference signal received quality (RSRQ), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and signal-to-noise / interference ratio (SNIR). Thereafter, the UE may be able to determine a beam (i.e., (TX) spatial filter) to use for PRACH transmission based on the beam (i.e., (RX) spatial filter) used when receiving the optimal SSB. At this time, a relationship between a specific SSB and a specific RO can be established to allow the base station or network to determine which SSB (beam) the terminal has selected. Through this relationship, the base station can determine which SSB (beam) the terminal has selected based on which RO the terminal transmitted the PRACH. For example, the relationship between the SSB and the RO can be determined by referring to upper layer settings identical or similar to those shown in Tables 6 and 7.

[0117]

[0118]

[0119] Figure 7 is a conceptual diagram illustrating examples of SSB-RO linkage according to RACH (Random Access Channel) settings in a communication system.

[0120] Referring to FIG. 7, in the SSB-RO mapping relationship according to the RACH configuration, N SSBs (710-1 to 710-n) that are temporally distinct from each other on a specific frequency band can be mapped one-to-one with N ROs (720-1 to 710-n) that are temporally distinct from each other. For example, if the upper layer parameter msg1-FDM is set to 1 (msg1-FDM=one) and the upper layer parameter ssb-perRACH-OccasionAndCB-PreamblesPerSSB is set to 1 (ssb-perRACH-OccasionAndCB-PreamblesPerSSB=one), N different SSBs (710-1 to 710-n) can be mapped one-to-one with N different ROs (720-1 to 720-n).

[0121] Figure 8 is a conceptual diagram illustrating examples of SSB-RO linkage according to RACH settings in a communication system.

[0122] Referring to FIG. 8, in the SSB-RO mapping relationship according to the RACH configuration, a plurality of SSBs (810-1, 810-3, 810-5, ..., 810-(n-1)) that are distinct from each other in time in the first frequency band can be mapped one-to-one with a plurality of ROs (820-1, 820-3, 820-5, ..., 820-(n-1)) that are distinct from each other in time. Meanwhile, a plurality of SSBs (810-2, 810-4, 810-6, ..., 810-n) that are distinct from each other in time in the second frequency band can be mapped one-to-one with ROs (820-2, 820-4, 820-6, ..., 820-n) that are distinct from each other in time. For example, if the upper layer parameter msg1-FDM is set to 2 (msg1-FDM=two) and the upper layer parameter ssb-perRACH-OccasionAndCB-PreamblesPerSSB is set to 2 (ssb-perRACH-OccasionAndCB-PreamblesPerSSB=two), N different SSBs (810-1 to 810-n) can be mapped one-to-one to N different ROs (820-1 to 820-n) that are frequency-multiplexed and arranged in the frequency domain.

[0123] Meanwhile, the 5G NR communication system can support DCI formats as shown in Table 8 based on Rel-16.

[0124]

[0125] DCI may contain downlink control information for one or more cells and may be associated with a single RNTI. DCI may be encoded in the following order: 1) information element multiplexing, 2) cyclic redundancy check (CRC) addition, 3) channel coding, and 4) rate matching, and decoding may also be performed by considering these steps. In the above description, when it is said that a DCI is associated with an RNTI, it may mean that the CRC parity bits of the DCI are scrambled with the RNTI. Referring to Table 6, some DCIs may include one or more PUSCH scheduling information for a cell. For example, the CRC of DCI format 0_1 ​​may be scrambled with a C-RNTI, a CS-RNTI (configured scheduling-RNTI), an SP-CSI-RNTI (semi-persistent CSI RNTI), or an MCS-C-RNTI (modulation coding scheme cell RNTI), and DCI format 0_1 ​​may include at least one of the following information:

[0126] □ DCI Format Identifier (Identifier for DCI formats) (1 bit): An indicator indicating that it is a UL DCI format. It is always set to 0 for DCI format 0_1.

[0127] □ Carrier indicator (0 or 3 bits): An indicator indicating the CC scheduled by the corresponding DCI.

[0128] □ DFI flag (0 or 1 bit): This is a configuration grant downlink feedback information (CG-DFI) indicator.

[0129] - If DCI format 0_1 ​​is used for CG-DFI indication (DFI flag is 1), at least one of the following fields can be used:

[0130] □ HARQ-ACK bitmap (16 bits), where the order of the bitmap for HARQ process index mapping is such that the HARQ process index is mapped in ascending order from MSB to LSB of the bitmap. For each bit in the bitmap, a value of 1 indicates ACK and a value of 0 indicates NACK.

[0131] □ TPC command for scheduled PUSCH (2 bits)

[0132] □ All remaining bits in format 0_1 ​​are set to zero

[0133] - If DCI format 0_1 ​​is not used for CG-DFI indication (DFI flag field is absent or DFI flag field is 0), at least one of the following fields is used:

[0134] □ UL / SUL indicator (0 or 1 bit): This is a supplementary UL indicator.

[0135] □ Bandwidth part indicator (0, 1, or 2 bits): This is an indicator that indicates which bandwidth part among the uplink bandwidth parts set to the terminal will be activated.

[0136] □ Frequency domain resource assignment: An indicator for allocating frequency axis resources.

[0137] □ Time domain resource assignment: This is an indicator for allocating time axis resources.

[0138] □ Frequency hopping flag (0 or 1 bit): Frequency axis hopping indicator.

[0139] □ Modulation and coding scheme (5 bits)

[0140] □ New data indicator (NDI): An indicator that indicates whether the allocated data is new data or retransmitted data.

[0141] □ Redundancy version (RV): An indicator that indicates the RV value when applying channel coding to allocated data.

[0142] □ HARQ process number (4 bits): HARQ (hybrid automatic repeat request) process indicator to be assigned to the data being scheduled.

[0143] □ TPC command for scheduled PUSCH (2 bits): TPC indicator.

[0144] □ SRS resource indicator: Aperiodic SRS resource selection indicator.

[0145] □ Precoding information and number of layers: Indicators of the number of precoding and transmission layers to be used when transmitting PUSCH.

[0146] □ Antenna ports: Indicator for the uplink antenna ports to be used when transmitting PUSCH.

[0147] □ SRS request: Indicator of whether to transmit Aperiodic SRS.

[0148] □ CSI request: Indicator of whether and how to report channel status information.

[0149] □ PTRS-DMRS association: An indicator indicating the relationship between the uplink PTRS (phase-noise tracking reference signal) antenna port and the DMRS (demodulation reference signal) antenna port.

[0150] □ DMRS sequence initialization: An indicator for the DMRS sequence initialization value during OFDM-based uplink transmission.

[0151] □ UL-SCH indicator: An indicator that indicates whether the PUSCH includes an UL-SCH (uplink shared channel) (PUSCH that does not include an UL-SCH must include CSI).

[0152] □ Open-loop power control parameter set indication: An indicator indicating the open-loop power control parameter set (OPLC).

[0153] □ Priority indicator: Uplink transmission priority indicator.

[0154] □ Invalid symbol pattern indicator: An indicator that indicates whether an invalid symbol pattern set to a higher layer is applied.

[0155] As another example, the CRC of DCI format 1_1 may be scrambled with C-RNTI, CS-RNTI or MCS-C-RNTI, and DCI format 1_1 may include at least one of the following information:

[0156] □ DCI format identifier (1 bit): An indicator indicating that it is a DL DCI format. It is always set to 1 for DCI format 1_1.

[0157] □ Carrier indicator (0 or 3 bits): An indicator indicating the CC scheduled by the corresponding DCI.

[0158] □ Bandwidth part indicator (0, 1, or 2 bits): This is an indicator that indicates which bandwidth part among the downlink bandwidth parts set to the terminal will be activated.

[0159] □ Frequency domain resource assignment: An indicator for allocating frequency axis resources.

[0160] □ Time domain resource assignment: This is an indicator for allocating time axis resources.

[0161] □ PRB bundling size indicator: An indicator that indicates the PRB bundling type (static or dynamic) and size.

[0162] □ Rate matching indicator: An indicator that indicates the rate matching pattern set to the upper layer.

[0163] □ ZP CSI-RS trigger: Aperiodic zero-power CSI-RS application indicator.

[0164] □ 'Modulation and coding scheme', 'New data indicator', and 'Redundancy version' fields for transport block 1.

[0165] □ 'Modulation and coding scheme', 'New data indicator', and 'Redundancy version' fields for transport block 2.

[0166] □ HARQ process number: This is the HARQ (hybrid automatic repeat request) process indicator to be assigned to the scheduled data.

[0167] □ Downlink assignment index: DAI indicator for HARQ-ACK codebook generation in TDD operation.

[0168] □ TPC command for scheduled PUCCH: Power control indicator for PUCCH transmission.

[0169] □ PUCCH resource indicator: A PUCCH resource indicator to transmit HARQ-ACK information for the allocated PDSCH or a set of specified PDSCHs.

[0170] □ PDSCH-to-HARQ_feedback timing indicator: An indicator of the time axis offset between the allocated PDSCH and PUCCH transmission.

[0171] □ Antenna port(s): Indicates the antenna port to be used for PDSCH transmission and reception.

[0172] □ Transmission configuration indication: TCI information indicator to be used for PDSCH transmission and reception.

[0173] □ SRS request: Aperiodic SRS transmission indicator.

[0174] □ DMRS sequence initialization: This is an indicator of the DMRS sequence initialization value to be used for PDSCH transmission and reception.

[0175] □ Priority indicator: PDSCH reception priority indicator.

[0176] As another example, certain DCI formats can be used to convey the same control information to more than one terminal. For example, the CRC of DCI format 2_3 can be scrambled with the Transmit Power Control-Sounding Reference signal-RNTI (TPC-SRS-RNTI) and can include at least one of the following pieces of information:

[0177] □ Block number 1, block number 2, ..., block number B: These are indicators indicating the resource area to which DCI format 2_3 is applied. The starting part of the block is set by the upper layer parameter startingBitOfFormat2-3 or startingBitOfFormat2-3SUL-v1530.

[0178] - When a terminal with the upper layer parameter srs-TPC-PDCCH-Group set to type A performs uplink transmission without PUCCH and PUSCH or in which SRS power control is not tied to power control of PUSCH, one block is set in the upper layer and the following fields are defined for the block.

[0179] □ SRS request (0 or 2 bits): Aperiodic SRS transmission indicator.

[0180] □ TPC command number 1, TCP command number 2, ..., TPC command number N: Uplink power control indicator to be applied to the UL carrier indicated by the upper layer parameter cc-IndexInOneCC-Set.

[0181] - When a terminal with the upper layer parameter srs-TPC-PDCCH-Group set to type B performs uplink transmission without PUCCH and PUSCH or in which SRS power control is not tied to power control of PUSCH, one or more blocks are set in the upper layer and the following fields are defined for each block.

[0182] □ SRS request (0 or 2 bits): Aperiodic SRS transmission indicator.

[0183] □ TPC command (2 bits)

[0184] The terminal can receive CORESET#0 and search space#0 setting information identical or similar to that shown in Table 9.

[0185]

[0186] The terminal may refer to upper layer settings identical or similar to those shown in Tables 10 to 13 for cell-specific PDCCH monitoring.

[0187]

[0188]

[0189]

[0190]

[0191] The UE may refer to upper layer settings identical or similar to those shown in Table 14 for UE-specific PDCCH monitoring.

[0192]

[0193] The presence of an antenna port may mean that the channel experienced by a symbol transmitted through that antenna port can be inferred from the channel experienced by another symbol transmitted through the same antenna port. The presence of two different antenna ports being quasi-co-located may mean that the large-scale characteristics of the channel experienced by a symbol transmitted from one antenna port can be inferred from the channel experienced by a symbol transmitted from the other antenna port. The large-scale characteristics of the channel may mean one or more of 'delay spread', 'Doppler spread', 'Doppler shift', 'average gain', 'average delay', and 'spatial Rx parameters'.

[0194] When the time / frequency resources of a signal (QCL target RS) are insufficient to accurately measure the large-scale characteristics of a channel with that signal alone, information (i.e., QCL information) about another signal (QCL reference RS) that has large-scale characteristics that can be reused for reception of the signal (i.e., has sufficient time / frequency resources) can be provided to the terminal to improve the channel measurement performance of the terminal. In the case of an NR communication system, various types of QCL types can be supported as follows.

[0195] - QCL-Type A: Includes {Doppler shift, Doppler spread, average delay, delay spread}.

[0196] - QCL-Type B: Includes {Doppler shift, Doppler spread}.

[0197] - QCL-Type C: Includes {Doppler shift, average delay}.

[0198] - QCL-Type D: Contains {Spatial Rx parameters}.

[0199] FIG. 9 is a conceptual diagram illustrating embodiments of a QCL information transmission process through TCI (transmission configuration information) state setting and instruction in a communication system.

[0200] Referring to FIG. 9, in the process of transmitting QCL information through TCI state setting and instruction in the communication system (900), the base station can set up to M TCI states for the terminal in accordance with the maximum value defined in the UE capability report and standard (e.g., 4, 8, 64, 128, etc. depending on the frequency band) through upper layer (RRC) signaling (S930). At this time, each TCI state setting (910) can include information on a signal or channel (QCL reference (915)) that provides large-scale channel characteristics to a signal or channel (QCL target (920)) referencing the corresponding TCI. A TCI state set (910) can contain at most two references (qcl-Type1 and qcl-Type2), the first reference can be one of QCL-Type A, QCL-Type B, QCL-Type C (i.e., qcl-Type 1∈{QCL-Type A, QCL-Type B, QCL-Type C}) and the second reference can be QCL-Type D, if present (i.e., qcl-Type 2 = QCL-Type D).

[0201] Since having the base station apply all TCIs set in RRC in real time can significantly increase the terminal implementation complexity, the base station can transmit activation messages for some of the TCIs set in RRC to the terminal through L2 signaling such as MAC CE (S940). The base station can transmit up to N ( <M)개에 대한 TCI를 활성화시킬 수 있으며 단말은 활성화된 TCI에 대해서만 동적(dynamic) 지시를 받게 될 수 있다.

[0202] Thereafter, the base station can dynamically instruct the terminal to select some of the N activated TCIs through L1 signaling such as DCI (S950). After receiving the L1 signaling, the terminal can apply the QCL information(s) indicated by the corresponding TCI at a predetermined timing and perform a reception operation for the corresponding signal or channel.

[0203] The TCI status indication steps from 'RRC signaling step (S930)' - 'MAC CE signaling step (S940)' - 'DCI signaling step (S950)' in FIG. 9 may be partially omitted depending on the type of QCL target RS. For example, if the QCL target is PDSCH DMRS and one or more TCI states are configured in RRC, the base station may use all steps in FIG. 9 to indicate the TCI state. However, if the QCL target is PDSCH DMRS and a single TCI state is configured in RRC, the MAC CE signaling step (S940) to the DCI signaling step (S950) may be omitted. Similarly, if the QCL target is PDCCH DMRS, the DCI signaling step (S940) may be omitted. Specifically, the terminal may obtain configuration information on the TCI state and QCL information by referring to RRC signaling that is identical or similar to that shown in Table 15.

[0204]

[0205] The base station can instruct the terminal to activate or deactivate some of the TCI states set in the RRC through MAC CE signaling, or can apply the TCI states indicated by MAC CE to the QCL target RS. For example, the base station can use the following MAC CE signaling depending on the type of QCL target RS: - MAC CE for activating / deactivating TCI states for terminal-specific PDSCH DMRS

[0206] - TCI status indication MAC CE for terminal-specific PDCCH DMRS

[0207] - TCI state enable / disable MAC CE for enhanced terminal-specific PDSCH DMRS

[0208] FIG. 10 is a conceptual diagram illustrating embodiments of a TCI state activation / deactivation MAC (Medium Access Control) CE (Control Element) structure in a communication system.

[0209] Referring to FIG. 10, in the TCI state activation / deactivation MAC CE structure for terminal-specific PDSCH DMRS, the first octet (Oct 1) may include a COREST pool ID field (1010), a serving cell ID field (1020), and a BWP ID field (1030), and the second octet (Oct 2) to the Nth octet (Oct N) may include a TCI state ID, T i It may have fields (1040) for . The detailed meaning of each field may be as follows, and its size may be variable.

[0210] - Serving cell ID: This is the serving cell ID to which the MAC CE applies.

[0211] - BWP ID: This is the bandwidth portion ID to which the MAC CE applies. It can be linked to the BWP indication field in DCI to specify the bandwidth portion.

[0212] - T i: Can point to TCI state ID i. If this value is set to 0, it can mean that the TCI state with TCI state ID i is disabled, and if it is set to 1, it can mean that the TCI state with TCI state ID i is enabled. TCI states enabled with 1 can be sequentially mapped to TCI indication field code points in DCI.

[0213] - CORESET Pool ID: This field may be ignored if the DCI scheduling the PDSCH is monitored in a CORESET that does not include the upper layer parameter coresetPoolIndex. If the DCI scheduling the PDSCH is monitored in a CORESET that includes the upper layer parameter coresetPoolIndex, T i The directive can only be applied if the 'value of CORESET pool ID' and the 'coresetPoolIndex value of CORESET' match.

[0214] FIG. 11 is a conceptual diagram illustrating embodiments of a TCI status indication MAC CE in a communication system.

[0215] Referring to FIG. 11, the TCI status indication MAC CE structure for terminal-specific PDCCH DMRS may include a serving cell ID field (1110) and a CORESET ID field (1120) in the first octet (Oct 1), and may include a CORESET ID field (1130) and a TCI status ID field (1140) in the second octet (Oct 2), the sizes of which may be variable.

[0216] - Serving cell ID: This is the serving cell ID to which the MAC CE applies.

[0217] - CORESET ID: This can indicate the control resource set to which the MAC CE applies. If this value is set to 0, the CORESET set via controlResourceSetZero can point to CORESET #0.

[0218] - TCI State ID: This may refer to the TCI state ID indicated by the corresponding MAC CE.

[0219] In order to indicate uplink beam information, a base station can set spatial relation information to a terminal through upper layer (e.g., RRC) signaling. The spatial relation information may mean a signaling structure that is promised to use the spatial domain filter value used for transmitting and receiving a reference signal (reference RS) in the spatial TX filter of uplink transmission of a target signal (target RS) of the corresponding spatial relation. The reference RS of the spatial relation may be a downlink signal such as SSB or CSI-RS, and may also be set as an uplink signal such as SRS. If the reference RS is a downlink signal, the terminal can use the spatial RX filter value used for receiving the reference RS as the spatial TX filter for transmitting the spatial relation target RS. If the reference RS is an uplink signal, the terminal can use the spatial TX filter value used for transmitting the reference RS as the spatial TX filter for transmitting the spatial relation target RS.

[0220] The signaling structure for spatial relationship information may vary depending on the type of target RS. For example, if the target RS is SRS, the base station may perform RRC configuration for each SRS resource based on messages identical or similar to those shown in Table 16.

[0221]

[0222] For example, if the target RS is SRS, the base station can perform RRC configuration for each SRS resource based on a message identical or similar to that shown in Table 17.

[0223]

[0224] In a 5G NR communication system, one slot format may include downlink symbols, uplink symbols, and flexible symbols.

[0225] Figure 12 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a slot configuration according to a slot format in a communication system.

[0226] Referring to FIG. 12, in a slot configuration according to a slot format in a communication system, a downlink-only slot (1200) may be a slot in which all symbols within the slot are composed of only downlink symbols (1215) according to the slot format. As another example, an uplink-only slot (1205) may be a slot in which all symbols within the slot are composed of only uplink symbols (1220) according to the slot format. As another example, a downlink / uplink mixed slot (1210) may be a slot in which some symbols within the slot are composed of downlink symbols (1225) and some symbols are composed of uplink symbols (1235) according to the slot format. In this case, specific symbols of the mixed slot (1210) including both uplink and downlink symbols may be set or designated as a guard period (1230) to assist downlink-uplink switching, and the terminal may not perform transmission or reception during the guard period (1230).

[0227] In a 5G NR communication system, a base station can configure a "slot format" spanning one or more slots for each serving cell to a terminal through the upper layer parameter tdd-UL-DL-ConfigurationCommon. In this case, the upper layer parameter tdd-UL-DL-ConfigurationCommon can include or reference at least one of the following information.

[0228] - Reference subcarrier spacing: reference numerology lim.

[0229] - Pattern 1: This is the first pattern.

[0230] - Pattern 2: This is the second pattern.

[0231] Here, pattern 1 or pattern 2 may include at least one of the following settings:

[0232] - Slot setting period (dl-UL-TransmissionPeriodicity): The period P of slot setting expressed in msec.

[0233] - Number of downlink-only slots (nrofDownlinkSlots): The number of slots consisting of only downlink symbols d slots lim.

[0234] - Number of downlink symbols (nrofDownlinkSymbols): Number of downlink symbols d sym lim.

[0235] - Number of uplink-only slots (nrofUplinkSlots): The number of slots consisting only of uplink symbols u slots lim.

[0236] - Number of uplink symbols (nrofUplinkSymbols): Number of uplink symbols u sym lim.

[0237] The slot setting period of the first pattern, P msec, is It can contain a slot for a dog, in which case the numeral is can follow. Also, the first d of S slots slots The slots of the dog can only contain downlink symbols, and the last u slots The slots of the dog can only contain uplink symbols. In this case, the first d slots d behind the slots of the dog sym The symbols of the dog may be downlink symbols. Also, the last u slots u before the dog slots sym The symbols of the dog may be uplink symbols. The remaining symbols that are not designated as downlink or uplink symbols in the pattern (i.e., Dog symbols) can be flexible symbols.

[0238] If the second pattern is set and the slot setting period of the second pattern is P2, then one slot setting period P+P2msec composed of the synthesis of the first pattern and the second pattern is the first The second one with the dog slots It can include slots. At this time, the positions and number of downlink symbols, uplink symbols, and flexible symbols in the second pattern can be configured with reference to the description of the first pattern based on the configuration information of the second pattern. In addition, when the second pattern is configured, the terminal can assume that P+P2 is a divisor of 20 msec.

[0239] The base station can override the direction of flexible symbols among the symbols set to the terminal by the upper layer parameter tdd-UL-DL-ConfigurationCommon based on the following information using the upper layer parameter tdd-UL-DL-ConfigurationDedicated.

[0240] - Slot Configuration Set (slotSpecificConfigurationsToAddModList): A set of slot configurations.

[0241] - Slot Index (slotIndex): The index of the slot included in the set of slot settings.

[0242] - Symbol directions (symbols): Directions of the slot indicated by the slot index (slotIndex). If all symbol directions are downlink (symbols = allDownlink), all symbols in the slot are downlink symbols. If all symbol directions are uplink (symbols = allUplink), all symbols in the slot are uplink symbols. If the symbol directions are explicit (symbols = explicit), nrofDownlinkSymbols can indicate the number of downlink symbols located at the beginning of the slot, and nrofUplinkSymbols can indicate the number of uplink symbols located at the end of the slot. If nrofDownlinkSymbols or nrofUplinkSymbols is omitted, the parameter can be considered to indicate a value of 0. The remaining symbols in the slot become flexible symbols.

[0243] In a 5G communication system, a base station may be able to indicate a slot format to a terminal based on L1 signaling. For example, if a terminal receives a higher layer parameter, SlotFormatIndicator, from the base station, the terminal can obtain configuration information for the SFI-RNTI (slot format indication-RNTI). Meanwhile, if the terminal receives a higher layer parameter, dci-PayloadSize, from the base station, the terminal can obtain configuration information for the payload size of DCI format 2_0. Furthermore, the terminal can additionally receive information from the base station, such as PDCCH candidates for the CORESET to monitor DCI format 2_0, CCE aggregation levels, and search space sets. Each SFI (slot format indication) index field in DCI format 2_0 can indicate a slot format to be applied to each slot in the slot set of DL BWP and UL BWP starting from the slot in which the UE detects the corresponding DCI format 2_0. At this time, the size of the slot set can be equal to or larger than the PDCCH monitoring period of DCI format 2_0. For example, when the slot set consists of N slots, DCI format 2_0 can include N SFI index fields, and each SFI index field can indicate a slot format shown in Tables 18 to 20 below. In Table 14, 'D' can indicate a downlink symbol, 'U' can indicate an uplink symbol, and 'F' can indicate a flexible symbol.

[0244]

[0245]

[0246]

[0247] Meanwhile, it may not be possible to enforce that all terminals implement the same features. UE capability reports can allow expensive terminals to implement a large number of features with high performance, while inexpensive terminals can implement a small number of features with low performance. UE capability reports can secure freedom in terminal implementation for these diverse situations and, by reporting this information to the network, allow base stations to configure each feature within the limits supported by each terminal. Certain features can be mandated for all terminals, in which case UE capability reports for those features can be omitted.

[0248] A terminal may be able to report different terminal capability values ​​for a single function by frequency band or duplex scheme. For example, a terminal may report to a base station that it can support a specific function for frequency range 1 (FR1), which refers to a band below 6 GHz, but does not support the function for frequency range 2 (FR2), which refers to a band above 6 GHz. As another example, a terminal may report to a base station that it supports a specific function in TDD (e.g., unpaired spectrum) but does not support the function in FDD (e.g., paired spectrum).

[0249] When a terminal performs a terminal capability report, the base station must respect (not violate) the contents of the terminal capability report when configuring, indicating, or scheduling the terminal. This means that if the base station instructs the terminal to configure, indicate, or schedule in a manner that contradicts the terminal capability report, the terminal may ignore it.

[0250] Figure 13 is a flowchart illustrating embodiments of a terminal capability reporting procedure in a communication system.

[0251] Referring to FIG. 13, in the terminal capability report procedure, the base station can transmit a terminal capability report request signal to the terminal through the upper layer parameter UECapabilityEnquiry when the terminal is in RRC connected mode (UE in RRC_CONNECTED) (S1300). At this time, the network can only refer to the terminal capability report after AS (access stratum) security is activated, and may not retransmit or report the terminal capability report before AS security activation to the CN (core network). The terminal that receives the terminal capability report request signaling can compile terminal capability information according to a specific procedure, and perform a terminal capability report to the base station through a terminal capability information (e.g., UECapabilityInformation) signal (S1310).

[0252] A specific procedure for generating a terminal capability information signal may include a procedure for generating at least one of a list of bands or band combinations (BCs) supported by the terminal (supportedBandCombinationList), feature sets (FS) related to feature sets supported by the terminal, or feature set combinations (FSC) related to combinations of feature sets supported by the terminal. For example, when the base station requests a terminal capability report from the terminal in order to obtain information about the bands or band combinations supported by the terminal, the base station may cause the terminal to report which bands it supports for each radio access technology (RAT). To this end, the base station may set the RAT-Type in the terminal RAT capability report request signal (e.g., UE-CapabilityRAT-Request) included in the terminal RAT capability report request list signal (e.g., ue-CapabilityRAT-RequestList), which is a higher layer message, to one of 'nr', 'eutra-nr', 'eutra', and 'eutra-fdd'. This may mean that the base station may request the terminal to report the terminal capability for one or more RATs or RAT combinations, in which case the terminal may perform a per-request response for a list of supported bands for multiple RATs or RAT combinations. For example, if the RAT-type is set to 'nr', the terminal may include a list of bands or band combinations to which NR-DC is applicable in the terminal capability report. As another example, if the RAT-type is set to 'eutra-nr', the terminal may include a list of bands or band combinations to which MR-DC (multi-RAT DC) is applicable, such as EN-DC, NGEN-DC, and NE-DC, in the terminal capability report.Additionally, when a base station requests a terminal capability report, it can provide the terminal with a list of bands for which the terminal can determine whether to support them via the upper layer parameter frequencyBandListFilter. The terminal can determine candidate band combinations by considering the "predefined RAT types that can be supported by each band" and "RAT type information requested by the base station" for the bands included in the upper layer parameter frequencyBandListFilter, and can include these in the terminal capability report.

[0253] FIGS. 14a and 14b are conceptual diagrams illustrating embodiments of a user plane protocol stack structure and a control plane protocol stack structure in a communication system.

[0254] Referring to FIGS. 14a and 14b, a radio interface protocol stack or a radio interface protocol stack structure (1400, 1450) may be defined in a wireless connection section between communication nodes. For example, the radio interface protocol stack may be divided into a physical layer, a data link layer, a network layer, etc., which are configured vertically.

[0255] The wireless interface protocol stack can be divided into a user plane protocol stack (1400) and a control plane protocol stack (1450). Here, the control plane may be a plane for transmitting control signals. The control signals may be referred to as signaling signals. The user plane may be a plane for transmitting user data.

[0256] Referring to FIG. 14A, a communication system may include a terminal (1410) and a base station (1420). The terminal (1410) may also be referred to as a user equipment (UE). The base station (1420) may correspond to an eNB, gNB, etc. The terminal (1410) and the base station (1420) may transmit and receive data signals to and from each other based on the user plane protocol stack structure (1400) illustrated in FIG. 14A.

[0257] In the user plane wireless interface protocol stack structure (1400) of the communication system, the terminal (1410) and the base station (1420) may include a PHY layer (1411, 1421) included in L1, a MAC layer (1412, 1422) included in L2, a radio link control (RLC) layer (1413, 1423) and a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer (1414, 1424), and a service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) layer (1415, 1425) included in L3.

[0258] Referring to FIG. 14b, the communication system may include a terminal (1460) and a base station (1470). The terminal (1460) and the base station (1470) may transmit and receive control signals to and from each other based on the control plane protocol stack structure (1450) illustrated in FIG. 14b.

[0259] In the control plane protocol stack structure (1450) of the communication system, the terminal (1460) and the base station (1470) may include a PHY layer (1461, 1471) included in L1, a MAC layer (1462, 1472) included in L2, an RLC layer (1463, 1473) and a PDCP layer (1464, 1474), and an RRC layer (1465, 1475) included in L3.

[0260] The communication system may further include an Access and Management Mobility Function (AMF) (1480). In the control plane protocol stack architecture (1450), the terminal (1460) and the AMF (1480) may include non-access stratum (NAS) layers (1466, 1486). The AMF (1480) may perform functions similar to a mobility management entity (MME). The base station (1470) may not include an NAS layer. In other words, in the control plane protocol stack architecture (1450), the NAS layer of the base station (1470) may be transparent.

[0261] The SDAP layer (1415, 1425) can perform the following functions: A single SDAP entity can be established per PDU (protocol data unit) session. In a DC (dual connectivity) scenario, two SDAP entities can be established. The SDAP layer (1415, 1425) can provide QoS (quality of service) flows to the 5GC (5G core network) based on the following factors:

[0262] - Mapping function between QoS flow and DRB (data radio bearer)

[0263] - QFI (QoS flow ID) marking within DL packets and UL packets

[0264] The RRC layer (1465, 1475) can perform the following functions:

[0265] - Broadcasting of system information related to AS and / or NAS

[0266] - Paging initiated by 5GC or NG-RAN

[0267] - Establishment, maintenance, and / or release of RRC connections between UE and NG-RAN. Addition, modification, and / or release of carrier aggregation (CA). Addition, modification, and / or release of dual connectivity (DC) between NRs (or E-UTRA and NR).

[0268] - Security feature(s) including key management

[0269] - Establishment, configuration, maintenance, and / or management of SRB(s) (signaling radio bearer(s)) and / or DRB(s);

[0270] - Mobility function(s) including handover and context transfer, UE cell selection, UE cell reselection, control of cell selection and / or cell reselection, inter-RAT mobility.

[0271] - QoS management function(s)

[0272] - UE management reporting, reporting control

[0273] - Detection and / or recovery of RLF (radio link failure)

[0274] - NAS message transmission between NAS and UE

[0275] The PDCP layer (1414, 1424) for the user plane can provide radio bearers to the SDAP layer (1415, 1425) based on the following function(s).

[0276] - Sequence numbering

[0277] - Header compression and decompression

[0278] - Transfer of user data

[0279] - Reordering and duplicate detection

[0280] - PDCP PDU routing

[0281] - Retransmission of PDCP SDU(s)

[0282] - Ciphering and deciphering

[0283] - PDCP SDU discard

[0284] - Data recovery and PDCP re-establishment for RLC AM

[0285] - Replication of PDCP PDU(s)

[0286] The PDCP layer (1464, 1474) for the control plane can provide radio bearers to the RRC layer based on the following function(s).

[0287] - Sequence numbering

[0288] - Encryption, decryption, and integrity protection

[0289] - Transfer of control plane data

[0290] - Duplicate detection

[0291] - Replication of PDCP PDU(s)

[0292] The RLC layer (1413, 1423) for the user plane can provide RLC channels to the PDCP layer (1414, 1424) based on the following function(s).

[0293] - Delivery of upper layer PDU(s)

[0294] - Sequence numbering independent of PDCP's sequence number

[0295] - Error correction through ARQ

[0296] - Segmentation and re-segmentation

[0297] - Reassembly of SDU

[0298] - RLC SDU discarded

[0299] - Re-establishment of RLC

[0300] The MAC layer (1412, 1422, 1462, 1472) can provide logical channels to the RLC layer (1413, 1423, 1463, 1473) based on the following function(s).

[0301] - Mapping between logical channels and transport channels

[0302] - Multiplexes / demultiplexes MAC SDU(s) belonging to one or more different logical channels into TB(s). TB(s) are transmitted to the physical layer via the transport channel. Alternatively, TB(s) are received from the physical layer via the transport channel.

[0303] - Report scheduling information

[0304] - Error correction through HARQ

[0305] - Priority handling between UEs through dynamic scheduling

[0306] - Priority handling between logical channels of a single UE by prioritization of logical channels.

[0307] -Padding

[0308] The PHY layer (1411, 1421, 1461, 1471) can provide a transmission channel to the MAC layer (1412, 1422, 1462, 1472).

[0309] Figure 15 is a conceptual diagram illustrating embodiments of a method for setting a slot format.

[0310] Referring to FIG. 15, a slot format within a time interval can be configured by a cell-specific DL / UL configuration parameter (e.g., tdd-UL-DL-ConfigurationCommon). According to the cell-specific DL / UL configuration parameter, a DL (downlink) interval (1502), an FL (flexible) interval (1504), and an UL (uplink) interval (1506) can be configured. The DL interval (1502) can include DL symbol(s) and / or DL ​​slot(s). The FL interval (1504) can include FL symbol(s) and / or FL slot(s). The UL interval (1506) can include UL symbol(s) and / or UL slot(s).

[0311] The FL interval (1504) configured by the cell-specific DL / UL configuration parameters can be configured in detail by the UE-specific DL / UL configuration parameters (e.g., tdd-UL-DL-ConfigurationDedicated). According to the UE-specific DL / UL configuration parameters, the FL interval (1504) can be reconfigured into a DL interval (1512), an FL interval (1514), and an UL interval (1516). The DL interval (1512) can include DL symbol(s) and / or DL ​​slot(s). The FL interval (1514) can include FL symbol(s) and / or FL slot(s). The UL interval (1516) can include UL symbol(s) and / or UL slot(s).

[0312] The FL interval (1514) configured by the cell-specific DL / UL configuration parameters and the UE-specific DL / UL configuration parameters can be configured in detail by DCI (e.g., DCI format 2_0, SFI). According to the DCI, the FL interval (1514) can be reconfigured into a DL interval (1522) and a UL interval (1524). The DL interval (1522) can include DL symbol(s) and / or DL ​​slot(s). The UL interval (1524) can include UL symbol(s) and / or UL slot(s).

[0313] 5G communication systems may provide technologies to improve wireless coverage and / or reduce network configuration costs. For example, 5G communication systems may provide integrated access and backhaul (IAB) technology, which provides wireless backhaul / fronthaul that can coexist with wireless access networks, and repeater technology, which provides low-cost coverage of shadow areas.

[0314] An IAB node forming an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) network can fully decode a received signal, then re-encode the decoded signal, amplify it, and transmit it. An IAB node can be classified as a type of regenerative relay. To this end, an IAB node can support a control plane (CP) and a user plane (UP) from a parent node to a terminal based on a protocol stack structure including L1 and L2 layers, or higher layers.

[0315] The IAB nodes that make up the IAB network have the advantage of being able to perform a variety of operations, including those of base stations and terminals. However, IAB nodes have the disadvantage of being relatively complex to implement and expensive to produce, and the delays required for retransmission can be relatively large.

[0316] A radio frequency (RF) repeater can perform the functions of amplifying and retransmitting a received signal. The RF repeater may be a non-regenerative repeater.

[0317] Figure 16 is a conceptual diagram illustrating embodiments of commercial RF repeaters.

[0318] Referring to FIG. 16, a commercial RF repeater can cover an indoor sound area. The commercial RF repeater can include a first antenna (e.g., an outdoor antenna) for receiving a signal from a base station outdoors, a repeater for amplifying and retransmitting the received signal, and a second antenna (e.g., an indoor patch antenna) for retransmitting the amplified signal indoors. The first antenna, the repeater, and the second antenna can be connected wired or wirelessly. The commercial RF repeater can operate in the FR1 band. In the FR1 band, a base station (e.g., an eNB, a gNB) can use one beam per cell or per sector.

[0319] In downlink communication, the first antenna may function as a receiving antenna, and the second antenna may function as a transmitting antenna. In uplink communication, the first antenna may function as a transmitting antenna, and the second antenna may function as a receiving antenna.

[0320] The first antenna can be a directional log-periodic dipole array (LPDA) antenna. It can be manually installed to face the base station. The second antenna, which retransmits the amplified signal, can be a patch antenna. The effective coverage of the second antenna can be approximately 70 to 75 degrees. The second antenna can support terminals with an omni-beam indoors.

[0321] The base station can recognize 'the beam of the base station - the beam of the first antenna of the commercial RF repeater - the beam of the second antenna of the commercial RF repeater' as one transmit beam. The one transmit beam may be a single virtual transmit beam. The base station can recognize 'the beam of the first antenna of the commercial RF repeater - the beam of the second antenna of the commercial RF repeater - the beam of the terminal' as one receive beam. The one receive beam may be a single virtual receive beam (a single virtual Rx beam).

[0322] FIG. 17 is a conceptual diagram illustrating embodiments of protocol stacks of a control plane and a user plane in a communication system having an RF repeater.

[0323] Referring to FIG. 17, each of the base station and the terminal may include a PHY layer (1702, 1722), a MAC layer (1703, 1723), an RLC layer (1704, 1724), a PDCP layer (1705, 1725), and an RRC layer (1706, 1726). The PHY layer may be L1. The MAC layer, the RLC layer, and the PDCP layer may be L2. The RRC layer may be L3. Each of the base station and the terminal may transmit and receive signals via RF (1701, 1721). The RF repeater may not include the PHY layer, the MAC layer, the RLC layer, the PDCP layer, and the RRC layer. The RF repeater may include an RF (1711). The RF repeater may have a transparent function. The RF (1711) of the RF repeater can amplify a signal and retransmit the amplified signal.

[0324] In the environments of FIGS. 16 and 17, repeaters (e.g., RF repeaters) can only repeatedly perform RF amplification / retransmission functions. Repeaters that only perform RF amplification / retransmission functions can be referred to as RF repeaters. Therefore, the implementation complexity and price of RF repeaters can be low. Base stations and networks cannot secure control over RF repeaters. Therefore, it is difficult to expect improvement in signal quality and interference control through 'explicit management / instruction / control' and / or 'implicit management / instruction / control' of the repeater's beam.

[0325] The performance of RF repeaters may be limited in TDD (time division duplexing) bands requiring DL / UL switching and / or bands requiring multi-beam operation (e.g., 3.5 GHz band or FR2). In 5G communication systems, the direction of slots and / or symbols (e.g., DL, UL, FL (flexible)) may be dynamically indicated by L1 signaling (e.g., slot format configuration, slot format indication), and the beam / TCI / QCL (quasi-colocation) for each channel may be dynamically indicated. Since RF repeaters do not decode the transmitted signals of base stations, they cannot recognize the above indications.

[0326] To address the above issues, an advanced relay capable of decoding part or all of a base station's transmission signal may be considered. The advanced relay may be a smart relay, an enhanced relay, a low-cost IAB node, a network-controlled repeater (NCR), a low-cost IAB node, or an NWC repeater.

[0327] Figure 18 is a conceptual diagram illustrating embodiments of NCR.

[0328] Referring to FIG. 18, an NCR (1850) may include one or more antennas or one or more antenna groups (1800, 1805) for transmitting and receiving signals with a communication node (e.g., a base station (1820), a terminal (1810)). In the present disclosure, an antenna group may be used to mean an antenna. An antenna group may be interpreted as an antenna, an antenna group, or a panel depending on the context. The NCR may include a signal processing unit (1850), a first antenna group (1800) connected to the signal processing unit (1850), and a second antenna group (1805) connected to the signal processing unit (1850). The first antenna group (1800) may be referred to as a first repeater antenna. The first antenna group (1800) may perform a wireless connection procedure with the base station (1820) in an outdoor environment. The second antenna group (1805) may be referred to as a second repeater antenna. The second antenna group (1805) can perform a wireless connection procedure with the terminal (1810) in an indoor environment.

[0329] A base station-repeater link may include a control link through which signals for the base station to control the repeater are transmitted, and a backhaul link through which signals for the base station to provide services to terminals are transmitted. In the present disclosure, the base station-repeater link may refer to a link between a base station and a repeater, and the repeater may refer to an NCR (e.g., an enhanced repeater). The wireless link between the repeater and the terminal may be an access link.

[0330] The signal processing unit (1850) of the NCR may include a repeater-MT (mobile terminal) (1860) and a repeater-AF (amplify and forward) unit (1865). The repeater-MT (1860) may receive a control signal of a base station and process the control signal. The repeater-AF (1865) unit may amplify a signal of the base station and retransmit the amplified signal. The repeater-MT (1860) may refer to the NCR-MT. The repeater-MT (1860) and repeater-AF (1865) units may be connected to a wireless link of a base station (1820) via a first antenna group (1800). The repeater-MT (1860) can receive control information (e.g., control signals) of the repeater from the first antenna group (1800), and can instruct the repeater-AF unit (1865) to perform a control operation of the repeater based on the control information through an internal control interface. In the present disclosure, the control information can be RRC parameters, MAC CE, DCI, UCI, and / or SCI.

[0331] The repeater-AF unit (1865) can amplify a signal of a base station received from the first antenna group (1800) according to instructions and retransmit the amplified signal to the terminal via the second antenna group (1805). Alternatively, the repeater-AF unit (1865) can amplify a signal of a terminal received from the second antenna group (1805) according to instructions and retransmit the amplified signal to the base station via the first antenna group (1800).

[0332] FIG. 19a is a conceptual diagram illustrating embodiments of a protocol stack of a user plane of an improved relay, and FIG. 19b is a conceptual diagram illustrating embodiments of a protocol stack of a control plane of an improved relay.

[0333] Referring to FIGS. 19A and 19B, each of the base station and the terminal may include a PHY layer (1902, 1922, 1932, 1952), a MAC layer (1903, 1923, 1933, 1953), an RLC layer (1904, 1924, 1934, 1954), a PDCP layer (1905, 1925, 1935, 1955), and an RRC layer (1906, 1926, 1936, 1956). Each of the base station and the terminal may transmit and receive signals via RF (1901, 1921, 1931, 1951). The user plane of the improved repeater may not include a PHY layer, a MAC layer, an RLC layer, a PDCP layer, and an RRC layer. The user plane of the improved repeater may include an RF (1911). The user plane of the improved repeater may have transparent functionality. The RF (1911) of the improved repeater may amplify a signal and retransmit the amplified signal.

[0334] The control plane of the improved repeater may include an RF (1941) and a PHY layer (1942). The RF (1941) may perform a transmission function. To manage the function(s) of the repeater (e.g., beam configuration, DL / UL configuration, slot format configuration, on-off configuration, power control, etc.), at least one of a PHY layer (1942), a MAC layer (1943), an RLC layer (1944), a PDCP layer (1945), or an RRC layer (1946) may be added. At least one of the PHY layer (1942), the MAC layer (1943), the RLC layer (1944), the PDCP layer (1945), or the RRC layer (1946) may transmit and receive beam management / indication information, slot format management / indication information, information indicating whether to perform a retransmission operation of the repeater (e.g., an on-off indicator of the repeater), information for controlling / regulating power of the repeater (e.g., a power control indicator of the repeater), and / or capability information of the repeater (e.g., a UE capability report). At least one of the PHY layer (1942), the MAC layer (1943), the RLC layer (1944), the PDCP layer (1945), or the RRC layer (1946) may control various beams, beam combinations, and / or slot formats in a base station-repeater link and / or a repeater-UE link. The base station-repeater link may mean a link between a base station and a repeater. A repeater-terminal link may refer to a link between a repeater and a terminal.

[0335] The protocol stack of the control plane and / or user plane of the relay may be configured in various ways. The protocol stack of the control plane and / or user plane of the relay may not be limited to the embodiments of FIG. 19a and / or FIG. 19b. Depending on the implementation of the relay, the protocol stack may be extended or omitted. For example, if the operation of the relay does not depend on signaling of some upper layer, some layers (e.g., the RLC layer (1944), the PDCP layer (1945), and / or the RRC layer (1946)) may not be included in the relay in the embodiments of FIG. 19a and / or FIG. 19b. The relay may have various internal structures depending on the number and / or configuration of amplifier units including power amplifiers (PAs) and / or RF amplifiers. The amplifier units may be configured as one or more amplifier groups.

[0336] FIG. 20 is a conceptual diagram illustrating embodiments of an amplifier structure of NCR and a configuration of an RF chain according to the amplifier structure.

[0337] Referring to FIG. 20, each of the antenna groups of the repeater (e.g., repeater antenna #1, repeater antenna #2) may include an antenna array (AA) and a radio distribution network (RDN). The RDN may distribute signals from the antenna elements within the AA to the RF chain. The repeater may have separate amplifiers for each of the TX (DL) path and the RX (UL) path. The repeater may connect the antenna group(s) to the TX (DL) path or the RX (UL) path depending on the transmission direction (e.g., uplink or downlink) determined (e.g., indicated or detected) at some point in time.

[0338] Fig. 21 is a conceptual diagram illustrating embodiments of an amplifier structure of NCR and a configuration of an RF chain according to the amplifier structure.

[0339] Referring to FIG. 21, each of the antenna groups of the repeater (e.g., repeater antenna #1, repeater antenna #2) may include an antenna array (AA) and a radio distribution network (RDN). The repeater antenna may refer to a repeater antenna. The RDN may distribute signals of antenna elements within the AA to an RF chain. The repeater may support a carrier aggregation (CA) function, a dual connectivity (DC) function, etc. in different frequency bands. The repeater may support multiple TRP functions. The repeater may include a plurality of power amplifiers (PAs) (2100, 2105, 2110, 2115) to support various types of wireless links (e.g., backhaul link, control link, access link, etc.) between a base station, a repeater, and a terminal.

[0340] Among the plurality of PAs, some PAs (2100, 2105) may be used exclusively for downlink. Other PAs (2110, 2115) may be used exclusively for uplink. Still other PAs may be used for both downlink and uplink. The different frequency bands supported by the PAs (2110, 2115) used for uplink transmission may mean different frequency ranges, different cell groups (CGs), or different uplink cells (e.g., UL component carriers (CCs)). The different TRPs supported by the PAs (2110, 2115) used for uplink transmission may mean different reception points, different transmission points, different spatial relations, different UL TCIs, or different joint TCIs. In other words, the different TRPs supported by the PAs (2110, 2115) used for uplink transmission may mean uplink channels / signals (e.g., PUCCH, PUSCH, SRS, PRACH, etc.) associated with different spatial relationships, different UL TCIs, or different joint TCIs.

[0341] The different backhaul links and / or different control links supported by the PAs (2110, 2115) used for uplink transmission may be links for uplink channels / signals (e.g., PUCCH, PUSCH, SRS, PRACH, etc.) allocated to a repeater (e.g., repeater-MT, NCR-MT) or channels / signals transmitted to a base station via a passband of the repeater's backhaul link. The repeater may select at least one TX path or at least one RX path connected to an antenna.

[0342] The repeater may include a first power amplifier for uplink transmission in a first uplink cell within a first cell group and a second power amplifier for uplink transmission in a second uplink cell within a second cell group. The first power amplifier and the second power amplifier may be different power amplifiers. Alternatively, the first power amplifier and the second power amplifier may be the same power amplifier. A single uplink power amplifier may be used for multiple uplink cells. In other words, the same uplink power amplifier may be shared for multiple uplink cells.

[0343] The repeater may include a first power amplifier for uplink transmission in a first uplink cell of the control link and a second power amplifier for uplink transmission in a second uplink cell (or passband) of the backhaul link. The first power amplifier and the second power amplifier may be different power amplifiers. Alternatively, the first power amplifier and the second power amplifier may be the same power amplifier. A single uplink power amplifier may be used for the control link and the backhaul link. In other words, the same power amplifier may be shared for the control link and the backhaul link.

[0344] The type of repeater can be appropriately modified. Various types of repeaters can be used, and the repeater may not be limited to the embodiments illustrated in FIG. 20 and / or FIG. 21. For example, multiple amplifier pairs may be configured for each TX (DL) path or each RX (UL) path. The repeater may include one amplifier pair. Alternatively, the repeater may include a combination of multiple amplifier pairs.

[0345] A repeater (e.g., NCR) can transmit different uplink signals (e.g., an uplink signal of the repeater-MT, an uplink signal of the terminal received on antenna group #2). The different uplink signals can be amplified signals. An uplink signal can have a meaning including an uplink signal and / or an uplink channel. The transmission power of an uplink signal can be determined based on the following mathematical expression 5.

[0346]

[0347] In mathematical equation 5 may refer to a transmission occasion. A transmission occasion may refer to a time of transmission. may mean a closed loop power control regulation state. may mean the maximum transmission power of the terminal. may mean nominal UE transmit power. may mean SCS (subcarrier spacing). may mean the number of RBs allocated for uplink transmission. may mean fractional power control coefficient. PL may mean measured path loss. may mean an offset according to the MCS (modulation and coding scheme). may mean a closed loop power control value.

[0348] Depending on the type of channel and / or signal transmitted in the transmission occasion (e.g., PUSCH, PUCCH, SRS, PRACH, etc.), the type and / or definition of the components in Equation 5 may be changed. For example, in Equation 5 Instead can be used. may mean the maximum transmission power in the carrier (f) of the serving cell (c).

[0349] If the transmission power (e.g., instantaneous transmission power) determined in a certain transmission occasion is greater than or equal to the maximum transmission power, Equation 5 may mean that the transmission power in the above transmission occasion (i.e., any transmission occasion) is the maximum transmission power. The maximum transmission power may be determined according to the implementation of the terminal or the settings of the base station.

[0350] The repeater can multiplex different uplink signals and transmit the multiplexed uplink signals. Among the different uplink signals, signal #1 may be an uplink signal of the repeater-MT transmitted over the control link. Among the different uplink signals, signal #2 may be an uplink signal transmitted over the backhaul link. In other words, signal #2 may be an uplink signal of a terminal (e.g., an amplified uplink signal) received over antenna group #2. The repeater can multiplex the uplink signals based on the following multiplexing modes.

[0351] - TDM (time division multiplexing) mode: Signal #1 and signal #2 can be transmitted using different time resources.

[0352] - FDM (frequency division multiplexing) mode: Signals #1 and #2 can be transmitted using different frequency resources. The time resources through which Signals #1 and #2 are transmitted can be the same time resource or some overlapping time resources.

[0353] - SDM (spatial division multiplexing) mode: Signal #1 and Signal #2 can be transmitted using different spatial resources (e.g., beams, antenna domains). The time resources through which Signal #1 and Signal #2 are transmitted can be the same time resource or some overlapping time resources. The frequency resources through which Signal #1 and Signal #2 are transmitted can be the same frequency resource or some overlapping frequency resources.

[0354] In mathematical expression 5 can be determined for each uplink cell. Depending on the combination of uplink power amplifiers applied to the actual repeater (e.g., the number of power amplifiers allocated to each uplink cell, the number of uplink cells supported by each power amplifier), may be determined differently for each uplink cell.

[0355] Beam and / or on-off for a repeater (e.g., NCR) can be indicated. For beam indication for an access link of the NCR to the NCR-MT (e.g., repeater beam indication for a link between the first repeater antenna (1800) and the terminal (1810) in FIG. 18), the base station can perform various types of beam indications. Various types of beam indications can include aperiodic (Ap) beam indications, semi-persistent (Sp) beam indications, and / or periodic (P) beam indications. The Ap beam indications, the Sp beam indications, and / or the P beam indications can be signaled by at least one of an RRC configuration for beam indications, a MAC CE, or a DCI. The Ap beam indications, the Sp beam indications, and / or the P beam indications can include at least one of the following information. In other words, the Ap beam indication, the Sp beam indication, and / or the P beam indication may include at least one index among the indices for a combination of the information below.

[0356] - Beam index

[0357] - Time resource index (e.g. slot index, symbol index)

[0358] - Slot cycle (e.g. slot pattern)

[0359] - Slot offset

[0360] - Symbol period (e.g. symbol pattern)

[0361] - Symbol offset

[0362] The Ap beam indication may be resource set information for indicating the Ap beam (e.g., resource set information associated with the Ap beam). The Ap beam indication may mean an Ap resource set. The Sp beam indication may be resource set information for indicating the Sp beam (e.g., resource set information associated with the Sp beam). The Sp beam indication may mean an Sp resource set. The P beam indication may be resource set information for indicating the P beam (e.g., resource set information associated with the A beam). The P beam indication may mean a P resource set. The resource set information may be referred to as resource information, a resource set, etc.

[0363] When different types of beam instructions (e.g., resource sets associated with beam instructions) are allocated in a certain time resource, the NCR can perform an operation according to one beam instruction according to the priority of the beam instruction. The priority of the beam instruction can be defined as Ap beam instruction > Sp beam instruction > P beam instruction. In other words, the Ap beam instruction can have the highest priority, and the P beam instruction can have the lowest priority. The priority of the beam instruction (hereinafter referred to as “beam instruction priority”) can be set by the base station. For example, the base station can transmit information of the beam instruction priority to a communication node (e.g., a terminal, an NCR, an IAB node, etc.) through signaling. The communication node can check the information of the beam instruction priority set by the base station. The beam instruction priority can mean a resource set priority.

[0364] When an Ap beam indication and an Sp beam indication are allocated in a certain time resource (e.g., the same time resource, some overlapping time resources), the NCR can ignore the Sp beam indication based on the beam indication priority (e.g., resource set priority) and apply the Ap beam indication in said certain time resource. "Ap beam indication and Sp beam indication are allocated in the same time resource" may mean "Ap beam indication and Sp beam indication overlap in the same time resource." When an Ap beam indication and a P beam indication are allocated in a certain time resource, the NCR can ignore the P beam indication based on the beam indication priority and apply the Ap beam indication in said certain time resource. When an Sp beam indication and a P beam indication are allocated in a certain time resource, the NCR can ignore the P beam indication based on the beam indication priority and apply the Sp beam indication in said certain time resource.

[0365] The priority of a beam instruction (e.g., a resource set) having a priority indicator (e.g., a priority flag) may be higher than the priority of a beam instruction (e.g., a resource set) that does not have a priority indicator. A beam instruction having a priority flag may mean "a beam instruction configured with a priority flag" and / or "a beam instruction associated with a priority flag." "If different types of beam instructions (e.g., an Ap beam instruction, an Sp beam instruction, and / or a P beam instruction) are allocated to a certain time resource, and the Sp beam instruction or the P beam instruction has a priority flag," the NCR may determine that the priority of the Sp beam instruction with the priority flag is higher than the priority of the Ap beam instruction, and the NCR may determine that the priority of the P beam instruction with the priority flag is higher than the priority of the Ap beam instruction. The NCR may apply the beam instruction based on the beam instruction priority considering the priority flag.

[0366] An Ap beam indication may be interpreted as an Ap beam indication without a priority flag depending on the context. An Sp beam indication may be interpreted as an Sp beam indication without a priority flag depending on the context. A P beam indication may be interpreted as a P beam indication without a priority flag depending on the context. When an Ap beam indication and an Sp beam indication with a priority flag are allocated to a certain time resource, the NCR may ignore the Ap beam indication in the certain time resource and apply the Sp beam indication with a priority flag in the certain time resource. When an Ap beam indication and a P beam indication with a priority flag are allocated to a certain time resource, the NCR may ignore the Ap beam indication in the certain time resource and apply the P beam indication with a priority flag in the certain time resource.

[0367] An NCR may not expect to receive multiple P beam instructions (e.g., multiple sets of P resources) indicating different beams for the same time resource (e.g., a specific point in time). If multiple P beam instructions collide in a time resource, NCR behavior in that time resource may be undefined. An NCR may not expect to receive multiple Sp beam instructions indicating different beams for the same time resource (e.g., a specific point in time). If multiple Sp beam instructions collide in a time resource, NCR behavior in that time resource may be undefined.

[0368] When multiple Ap beam instructions indicating different beams for the same time resource (e.g., a specific point in time) are received, the NCR may apply the most recently received Ap beam instruction among the multiple Ap beam instructions. In other words, when multiple Ap beam instructions collide in a time resource, only one Ap beam instruction (e.g., the most recent Ap beam instruction) may be valid in the time resource.

[0369] If no beam instruction is assigned in a certain time resource, the NCR may not perform a retransmission operation in said certain time resource. In other words, the output of the NCR-Fwd (e.g., the repeater-AF unit (1865) illustrated in FIG. 18) in said certain time resource may be in an off state, and the output of the NCR-Fwd may be maintained at a value less than a predefined value.

[0370] An NCR may select at most one beam indication at a time resource (e.g., a specific point in time) based on beam indication priorities and / or beam decision rules (e.g., beam selection rules), and may perform communications (e.g., transmission operations and / or reception operations) using the selected beam indication on an access link. An NCR may not provide services to multiple terminals simultaneously, an NCR may not be connected to multiple base stations simultaneously, and an NCR may not support multi-carrier operation or multi-carrier scenarios. Accordingly, an NCR may support scenarios for single-beam operation. Multi-carrier operation may include CA operation and / or DC operation.

[0371] In future communication systems, it may be necessary for an NCR (e.g., a repeater) to simultaneously provide services to multiple terminals, for the NCR to be simultaneously connected to multiple base stations, and for the NCR to support multi-carrier operation or multi-carrier scenarios. Given these needs, it may be necessary to apply beam direction priorities and / or beam decision rules to multi-beam operation.

[0372] Considering various repeater operation scenarios, methods for determining beam priorities (e.g., resource set priorities associated with beams) for multi-beam operation of a repeater will be described. Embodiments of the present disclosure can be applied identically or similarly even when the transmit power of a repeater is controlled by a value other than the absolute value of the transmit power (e.g., a relative value such as repeater gain control).

[0373] Depending on the multiplexing mode, the transmit power control (e.g., allocation or distribution) of the repeater may become ambiguous. The above ambiguity problem may similarly occur in other operation modes. Other operation modes may include modes according to DL-UL direction (or downlink flexible uplink (DFU) configuration / indication), modes according to beam direction, modes according to antenna classification, etc. DFU configuration / indication may mean configuration / indication for DL ​​resources, FL (flexible) resources, and / or UL resources. DFU configuration / indication may mean configuration / indication by TDD-UL-DL-ConfigCommon, TDD-UL-DL-ConfigDedicated, or DCI format 2_0 (e.g., slot format indicator (SFI)). DL resources may mean DL symbols and / or DL ​​slots. UL resources may mean UL symbols and / or UL slots. FL resources may mean FL symbols and / or FL slots. The DFU configuration / instruction may refer to configuration / instruction for DL ​​resources, FL resources, and / or UL resources according to a duplex mode. The duplex mode may be time division duplex (TDD), frequency division duplex (FDD), subband full duplex (SBFD), and / or full duplex (FB). Although the embodiments of the present disclosure will be described focusing on the operation of a repeater-MT (e.g., NCR-MT), the operation of the repeater-MT may be interpreted as the operation of a terminal. In other words, the terminal may perform an operation identical to or similar to the operation of the repeater-MT, and / or an operation corresponding to the operation of the repeater-MT.

[0374] [First embodiment] Method for improving single beam operation of a repeater

[0375] The first embodiment can provide a method for determining the priority of a single beam to overcome the limitations of single beam operation in an access link of NCR.

[0376] Fig. 22 is a conceptual diagram illustrating embodiments of a method for determining the priority of a single beam. In Fig. 22, a flag may mean a priority flag.

[0377] Referring to FIG. 22, at 2200 and 2204, if an Sp beam indication or a P beam indication that is not associated with a priority flag overlaps with an Ap beam indication indicating a different beam, the NCR may determine a beam (e.g., beam C, beam c indicated by a resource set associated with the Ap beam indication) based on the Ap beam indication to support the access link. At 2202, the Sp beam indication and the P beam indication may overlap, the Sp beam indication and the P beam indication may not be associated with a priority flag, and the Sp beam indication and the P beam indication may indicate different beams. In this case, the NCR may determine a beam (e.g., beam D) based on the Sp beam indication to support the access link. In other words, the NCR may communicate with the terminal using beam D indicated by the resource set associated with the Sp beam.

[0378] At 2206 and 2208, if the Sp beam indication or the P beam indication associated with the priority flag overlaps with the Ap beam indication indicating another beam, the NCR may determine a beam (e.g., beam A or beam B) based on the Sp beam indication or the P beam indication to support the access link. At 2212, if the Sp beam indication associated with the priority flag overlaps with the P beam indication not associated with the priority flag, the NCR may determine a beam (e.g., beam F) based on the Sp beam indication associated with the priority flag to support the access link. In other words, the priority of the Sp beam indication may be higher than the priority of the P beam indication, and the priority of the beam indication associated with the priority flag may be higher than the priority of the beam indication not associated with the priority flag. The NCR may select the Sp beam indication associated with the priority flag by considering the beam indication priorities.

[0379] In 2210, 2214, 2216, and 2218, the priority by beam type may not match the priority by priority flag. In this case, it may be difficult to select one beam indication among multiple beam indications. In 2210, the Sp beam indication and the P beam indication may overlap, the Sp beam indication and the P beam indication may be associated with a priority flag, and the Sp beam indication and the P beam indication may indicate different beams. In this case, ambiguity may occur in the interpretation of the beam indication due to the presence of the priority flag, and the NCR may not be able to determine a beam to support the access link.

[0380] At 2218, the P beam indication and the Sp beam indication can overlap, the P beam indication can be associated with a priority flag, the Sp beam indication can not be associated with a priority flag, and the P beam indication and the Sp beam indication can indicate different beams. In this case, ambiguity may occur in the order of applying priorities, and the NCR may not be able to determine a beam to support the access link. At 2214, the P beam indication associated with a priority flag and the P beam indication not associated with a priority flag may overlap. Ambiguity may occur due to the rule that beam indications of the same type do not overlap, and the NCR may not be able to determine a beam to support the access link. At 2216, the Sp beam indication associated with a priority flag and the Sp beam indication not associated with a priority flag may overlap. Ambiguity may occur due to the rule that beam indications of the same type do not overlap, and the NCR may not be able to determine a beam to support the access link.

[0381] To resolve the ambiguity about the order of application of the above-mentioned priorities, the base station may intend to the NCR (e.g., the repeater-MT) to have three or more beam instructions collide in a time resource where the beam instructions (e.g., the sets of resources to which the beam instructions are associated) overlap. For example, the base station may allocate to the NCR (e.g., the repeater-MT) a P beam instruction associated with a priority flag, an Ap beam instruction, and a P beam instruction not associated with a priority flag in a specific time resource. The operation of allocating the beam instructions may be an operation of additionally allocating an Ap beam instruction to resolve the ambiguity at 2214. In this case (e.g., in the case of 2200), the NCR may select an Ap beam instruction with a higher priority among the Ap beam instructions and the P beam instructions not associated with a priority flag, and thereafter select a P beam instruction associated with a priority flag with a higher priority among the Ap beam instructions and the P beam instructions associated with a priority flag. The NCR can determine a beam to support the access link based on the P beam indication associated with the priority flag, and can perform communication with the terminal using the determined beam.

[0382] A base station can allocate Sp beam indications associated with priority flags, Ap beam indications, and Sp beam indications not associated with priority flags to an NCR (e.g., a repeater-MT) in a specific time resource. The beam indication allocation operation may be an operation of additionally allocating an Ap beam indication to resolve ambiguity in 2216. In this case (e.g., in the case of 2222), the NCR can select an Ap beam indication having a higher priority among the Ap beam indications and the Sp beam indications not associated with the priority flag, and thereafter select an Sp beam indication associated with the priority flag having a higher priority among the Ap beam indications and the Sp beam indications associated with the priority flag. The NCR can determine a beam for supporting an access link based on the Sp beam indications associated with the priority flag, and can communicate with the terminal using the determined beam.

[0383] A base station can allocate P beam indications, Ap beam indications, and Sp beam indications not associated with a priority flag to an NCR (e.g., a repeater-MT) in a specific time resource. The allocation operation of the beam indications may be an operation of additionally allocating an Ap beam indication to resolve ambiguity in 2218. In this case (e.g., in the case of 2224), the NCR can select an Ap beam indication having a higher priority among the Ap beam indications and the Sp beam indications not associated with the priority flag, and thereafter select a P beam indication associated with a priority flag having a higher priority among the Ap beam indications and the P beam indications associated with the priority flag. The NCR can determine a beam for supporting an access link based on the P beam indications associated with the priority flag, and can communicate with the terminal using the determined beam.

[0384] The base station and / or NCR can resolve ambiguity in beam direction of the access link and improve beam direction efficiency by using at least one of the above methods.

[0385] [Second Embodiment] Method for supporting multi-beam operation of a repeater

[0386] Considering the feasibility of repeaters and / or the deployment environment of repeaters, methods for performing multi-beam operation of repeaters will be described. The repeater can simultaneously support multiple users (e.g., multiple terminals) located in different directions. The repeater can be connected to multiple base stations via a non-ideal backhaul with a finite delay time, and can receive individual indications from each of the multiple base stations. The repeater can perform CA operation and / or DC operation to support multi-carrier operation, multi-band operation, and / or multi-RAT operation. In the above situation, the repeater can perform multi-beam operation that simultaneously supports one or more beams (e.g., one or more access link beams) in the same time resource. An access link beam can mean a beam used for communication in an access link.

[0387] P multi-beam pointing method

[0388] At least one of the following methods may be applied for periodic instructions for multi-beam operation. The periodic instructions for multi-beam operation may be referred to as mP beam instructions.

[0389] - Method P1: In a P beam indication (e.g., a P beam indication for a single beam operation), a beam index and a time resource index (e.g., a slot index, a symbol index) may have a one-to-one mapping relationship. The one-to-one mapping relationship may be extended to a many-to-one (N-to-1) mapping relationship in an mP beam indication. According to the mP beam indication, multiple beams may be mapped to one time resource. N may be greater than or equal to 1. N may be reported through an NCR capability reporting (e.g., NCR UE reporting) procedure. N may be defined based on the maximum number of beams (e.g., access link beams) that NCR can support simultaneously. N may be set to a value reported by the NCR capability reporting procedure. The base station may determine (e.g., set) as N one of values ​​less than or equal to the value reported by the NCR capability reporting procedure.

[0390] - Method P2: The base station can set M P beam instructions (e.g., P beam instructions for single beam operation) to the NCR (e.g., a repeater-MT). The NCR can select N beams having low (e.g., lowest) beam indices among the beams for time resources (e.g., same time resources) according to the M P beam instructions set by the base station, and determine beams (e.g., access link beams) based on the selected N beams. The N beams can be beams having high (e.g., highest) beam indices. Or, the N beams can be beams having recent (e.g., most recent) beam indices. N can be 1 or greater. N can be reported through an NCR capability reporting procedure (e.g., an NCR UE reporting procedure). N can be defined based on the maximum number of beams (e.g., access link beams) that the NCR can support simultaneously. N can be set to a value reported by the NCR capability reporting procedure. The base station may determine (e.g., set) N to one of the values ​​less than or equal to the value reported by the NCR capability reporting procedure.

[0391] Sp multi-beam pointing method

[0392] At least one of the following methods may be applied for semi-persistent guidance for multi-beam operation. The semi-persistent guidance for multi-beam operation may be referred to as mSp beam guidance.

[0393] - Method S1: In Sp beam indication (e.g., Sp beam indication for single beam operation), a beam index and a time resource index (e.g., a slot index, a symbol index) may have a one-to-one mapping relationship. The one-to-one mapping relationship may be extended to a many-to-one (N-to-1) mapping relationship in mSp beam indication. According to the mSp beam indication, multiple beams may be mapped to one time resource. Multiple beam indices may be mapped to one beam group index indicated by the MAC CE for the mSp beam indication by RRC configuration. N may be 1 or greater. N may be reported through an NCR capability reporting procedure (e.g., an NCR UE reporting procedure). N may be defined based on the maximum number of beams (e.g., access link beams) that NCR can support simultaneously. N may be set to a value reported by the NCR capability reporting procedure. The base station may determine (e.g., set) N to one of the values ​​less than or equal to the value reported by the NCR capability reporting procedure.

[0394] - Method S2: In Sp beam indication (e.g., Sp beam indication for single beam operation), a beam index and a time resource index (e.g., a slot index, a symbol index) may have a one-to-one mapping relationship. The one-to-one mapping relationship may be extended to a many-to-one (N-to-1) mapping relationship in mSp beam indication. According to the mSp beam indication, multiple beams may be mapped to one time resource. The MAC CE field for the mSp beam indication may be extended, and based on the extended MAC CE field, multiple beam indices may be mapped to one time resource. N may be 1 or greater. N may be reported through an NCR capability reporting procedure (e.g., an NCR UE reporting procedure). N may be defined based on the maximum number of beams (e.g., access link beams) that NCR can support simultaneously. N may be set to a value reported by the NCR capability reporting procedure. The base station may determine (e.g., set) N to one of the values ​​less than or equal to the value reported by the NCR capability reporting procedure.

[0395] - Method S3: The base station can assign (e.g., configure) M Sp beam instructions (e.g., Sp beam instructions for single beam operation) to the NCR (e.g., a repeater-MT). The M Sp beam instructions can be assigned by MAC CE. The NCR can select N beams having lower (e.g., lowest) beam indices among the beams for time resources (e.g., same time resources) according to the M Sp beam instructions assigned by the base station, and determine beams (e.g., access link beams) based on the selected N beams. The N beams can be beams having higher (e.g., highest) beam indices. Alternatively, the N beams can be beams having recent (e.g., most recent) beam indices. N can be 1 or greater. N can be reported via an NCR capability reporting procedure (e.g., an NCR UE reporting procedure). N may be defined based on the maximum number of beams (e.g., access link beams) that NCR can support simultaneously. N may be set to a value reported by the NCR capability reporting procedure. The base station may determine (e.g., set) N to one of the values ​​less than or equal to the value reported by the NCR capability reporting procedure.

[0396] Ap multi-beam pointing method

[0397] At least one of the following methods may be applied for aperiodic instructions for multi-beam operation. The aperiodic instructions for multi-beam operation may be referred to as mAp beam instructions.

[0398] - Method A1: In an Ap beam indication (e.g., an Ap beam indication for a single beam operation), a beam index and a time resource index (e.g., a slot index, a symbol index) may have a one-to-one mapping relationship. The one-to-one mapping relationship may be extended to a many-to-one (N-to-1) mapping relationship in an mAp beam indication. According to the mAp beam indication, multiple beams may be mapped to one time resource. Multiple beam indices may be mapped to one beam group index indicated by the DCI for the mAp beam indication by an RRC configuration. N may be 1 or greater. N may be reported through an NCR capability reporting procedure (e.g., an NCR UE reporting procedure). N may be defined based on the maximum number of beams (e.g., access link beams) that NCR can support simultaneously. N may be set to a value reported by the NCR capability reporting procedure. The base station may determine (e.g., set) N to one of the values ​​less than or equal to the value reported by the NCR capability reporting procedure.

[0399] - Method A2: In an Ap beam indication (e.g., an Ap beam indication for a single beam operation), a beam index and a time resource index (e.g., a slot index, a symbol index) may have a one-to-one mapping relationship. The one-to-one mapping relationship may be extended to a many-to-one (N-to-1) mapping relationship in a mAp beam indication. According to the mAp beam indication, multiple beams may be mapped to one time resource. The DCI field for the mAp beam indication may be extended, and based on the extended DCI field, multiple beam indices may be mapped to one time resource. N may be 1 or greater. N may be reported through an NCR capability reporting procedure (e.g., an NCR UE reporting procedure). N may be defined based on the maximum number of beams (e.g., access link beams) that an NCR can support simultaneously. N may be set to a value reported by the NCR capability reporting procedure. The base station may determine (e.g., set) N to one of the values ​​less than or equal to the value reported by the NCR capability reporting procedure.

[0400] - Method A3: The base station can assign (e.g., configure) M Ap beam instructions (e.g., Ap beam instructions for single beam operation) to the NCR (e.g., a repeater-MT). The M Ap beam instructions can be assigned by DCI. The NCR can select N beams having lower (e.g., lowest) beam indices among the beams for the time resource (e.g., same time resource) according to the M Ap beam instructions assigned by the base station, and determine beams (e.g., access link beams) based on the selected N beams. The N beams can be beams having higher (e.g., highest) beam indices. Alternatively, the N beams can be beams having recent (e.g., most recent) beam indices. N can be 1 or greater. N can be reported via an NCR capability reporting procedure (e.g., an NCR UE reporting procedure). N may be defined based on the maximum number of beams (e.g., access link beams) that NCR can support simultaneously. N may be set to a value reported by the NCR capability reporting procedure. The base station may determine (e.g., set) N to one of the values ​​less than or equal to the value reported by the NCR capability reporting procedure.

[0401] The base station and / or repeater may map one or more beams (e.g., access link beams) to one time resource (e.g., the same time resource) based on at least one of method P1, method P2, method S1, method S2, method S3, method A1, method A2, or method A3, and may perform multi-beam operation using the mapped beam(s).

[0402] Power allocation method for multiple beams

[0403] A base station and / or an NCR (e.g., a repeater) can perform multi-beam operation based on at least one of an mAP beam indication, an mSp beam indication, or an mP beam indication. In the multi-beam operation, the base station and / or the NCR can determine a transmit power (e.g., a downlink transmit power and / or an uplink receive sensitivity / gain) for a beam (e.g., an access link beam) based on at least one of the following methods. The following method(s) can be applied to control (e.g., adjust) the downlink transmit power as well as control (e.g., adjust) the uplink receive sensitivity / gain.

[0404] - Method T1: For a repeater supporting multi-beam operation (e.g., NCR), the maximum power (e.g., gain) of the repeater for each beam access link can be specified (e.g., set). The maximum power (e.g., gain) of the repeater can be determined based on the class or type of the repeater. Alternatively, the maximum power (e.g., gain) of the repeater can be expressed as in Equation 5. may be a value determined in a similar manner. Alternatively, the maximum output power (e.g., gain) of the repeater may be a separate value that the repeater reports to the base station.

[0405] - Method T2: For a repeater supporting multi-beam operation (e.g., NCR), the maximum power (e.g., gain) of the repeater can be regulated (e.g., set) to be equally distributed among the indicated beams. The maximum power (e.g., gain) of the repeater can be determined based on the class or type of the repeater. Alternatively, the maximum power (e.g., gain) of the repeater can be expressed as in Equation 5. may be a value determined in a similar manner. Alternatively, the maximum output power (e.g., gain) of the repeater may be a separate value that the repeater reports to the base station.

[0406] - Method T3: For a repeater supporting multi-beam operation (e.g., NCR), the base station can set (e.g., allocate) the power (e.g., gain) allocated to each of the indicated beams. It can be ensured that the set power (e.g., gain) or the sum of the set powers (e.g., gains) does not exceed the maximum output (e.g., gain) of the repeater. If the set power (e.g., gain) or the sum of the set powers (e.g., gains) exceeds the maximum output (e.g., gain) of the repeater, the repeater may not perform transmission using the power (e.g., gain) exceeding the maximum output (e.g., gain). The maximum output (e.g., gain) of the repeater can be determined based on the class or type of the repeater. Alternatively, the maximum output (e.g., gain) of the repeater can be expressed as in Equation 5. may be a value determined in a similar manner. Alternatively, the maximum output power (e.g., gain) of the repeater may be a separate value that the repeater reports to the base station.

[0407] - Method T4: For a repeater supporting multi-beam operation (e.g., NCR), the repeater can report to the base station information on the power (e.g., gain) to be allocated to each of the indicated beams. The power (e.g., gain) reported to the base station can be the desired power (e.g., gain) of the repeater or the actual power (e.g., gain) used for transmission. The base station can set (e.g., allocate) the power (e.g., gain) to each of the beams based on the power (e.g., gain) reported by the repeater. It can be ensured that the set power (e.g., gain) or the sum of the set powers (e.g., gain) does not exceed the maximum output (e.g., gain) of the repeater. If the set power (e.g., gain) or the sum of the set powers (e.g., gains) exceeds the maximum output (e.g., gain) of the repeater, the repeater may not perform transmission using the power (e.g., gain) exceeding the maximum output (e.g., gain). The maximum output (e.g., gain) of the repeater may be determined based on the class or type of the repeater. Alternatively, the maximum output (e.g., gain) of the repeater may be expressed as in Equation 5. may be a value determined in a similar manner. Alternatively, the maximum output power (e.g., gain) of the repeater may be a separate value that the repeater reports to the base station.

[0408] - Method T5: For a repeater supporting multi-beam operation (e.g., NCR), the repeater may report to the base station information about the maximum number of directable beams and / or the maximum number of directable beam groups. The maximum number of beams and / or the maximum number of beam groups reported to the base station may be the desired number of the repeater or the actual number used for transmission. The base station may assign beam(s) to one time resource based on the maximum number of beams reported by the repeater. The number of beam(s) assigned to one time resource may be less than or equal to the maximum number of beams. The base station may assign beam group(s) to one time resource based on the maximum number of beam groups reported by the repeater. The number of beam group(s) assigned to one time resource may be less than or equal to the maximum number of beam groups. The transmit power for each of the beams or beam groups may be determined based on at least one of Method T1, Method T2, Method T3, or Method T4.

[0409] The base station and / or repeater may determine transmit power / gain (e.g., downlink transmit power, uplink receive sensitivity / gain) for one or more beams (e.g., access link beams) mapped to one time resource (e.g., same time resource) based on at least one of Method T1, Method T2, Method T3, Method T4, or Method T5.

[0410] Method 1 for determining the priority of multiple beams

[0411] Fig. 23 is a conceptual diagram illustrating embodiments of a method for determining priorities of multiple beams. In Fig. 23, a flag may mean a priority flag.

[0412] Referring to FIG. 23, at 2300 and 2304, if an mSp beam indication or an mP beam indication that is not associated with a priority flag overlaps with an mAp beam indication indicating another beam, an NCR supporting multi-beam operation may apply both beam indications to support an access link. If the number of beams for the overlapping beam indications is less than or equal to the maximum number of access beams that the NCR can support, the above operation (e.g., operation according to 2300 and 2304) may be supported. The above operation may be applied to a scenario where three or more overlapping beams exist. The NCR (e.g., repeater-MT) may count the number of overlapping beams. If different beam indications indicate the same beam index, the NCR may assume that one beam is indicated.

[0413] In 2302, the mSp beam indication and the mP beam indication may overlap, the mSp beam indication and the mP beam indication may not be associated with a priority flag, and the mSp beam indication and the mP beam indication may indicate different beams. In this case, the NCR may apply both beam indications to support the access link. If the number of beams for the overlapping beam indications is less than or equal to the maximum number of access beams that the NCR can support, the above operation (e.g., the operation according to 2302) may be supported. The above operation may be applied to a scenario where three or more overlapping beams exist.

[0414] At 2306, up to two beams can be used simultaneously for an access link, and an mSp beam indication not associated with a priority flag can overlap with two mAp beam indications indicating other beams. In this case, an NCR supporting multi-beam operation can apply two mAp beam indications to support the access link. At 2308, up to two beams can be used simultaneously for an access link, and an mSp beam indication not associated with a priority flag and an mP beam indication not associated with a priority flag can overlap with an mAp beam indication indicating other beams. In this case, an NCR supporting multi-beam operation can apply the mAP beam indication and the mSp beam indication based on a priority order of Ap > Sp > P to support the access link.

[0415] In 2312 and 2314, the mSp beam indication or the mP beam indication may be associated with a priority flag, and the mSp beam indication or the mP beam indication may overlap with an mAp beam indication indicating another beam. In this case, an NCR supporting multi-beam operation may apply two beam indications to support an access link and communicate with a terminal based on the two beam indications. In 2310, up to two beams may be used simultaneously for an access link, and the two mSp beam indications associated with the priority flag may overlap with one or more mAp beam indications indicating another beam. In this case, an NCR supporting multi-beam operation may apply two mSp beam indications to support an access link and ignore the mAp beam indication.

[0416] In 2316, up to two beams can be used simultaneously for an access link, and one mP beam indication associated with a priority flag can overlap two mAp beam indications indicating different beams. In this case, an NCR supporting multi-beam operation can apply an mP beam indication and an mAp beam indication with a low beam index (or a high beam index, a low beam indication / configuration index, a high beam indication / configuration index, and the most recent beam index) to support the access link.

[0417] At 2318, an mP beam indication associated with a priority flag can overlap with an mSp beam indication not associated with a priority flag. In this case, an NCR supporting multi-beam operation can apply two beam indications to support an access link. In other words, the NCR can communicate with a terminal based on the two beam indications. At 2320, up to two beams can be used simultaneously for an access link, and one mP beam indication associated with a priority flag, one mSp beam indication not associated with a priority flag, and one mP beam indication not associated with a priority flag can overlap. In this case, an NCR supporting multi-beam operation can apply both an mP beam indication associated with a priority flag and an mSp beam indication to support an access link. In other words, among one mSp beam indication not associated with a priority flag and one mP beam indication not associated with a priority flag, the NCR can additionally apply an mSp beam indication with a higher priority.

[0418] The embodiments described above may be appropriately modified, and modified embodiments may be used. When three or more beams are simultaneously available for an access link, two or more of the embodiments described above may be applied sequentially, and beams for multi-beam operation (e.g., access link beams) may be determined based on two or more of the embodiments.

[0419] The base station and / or NCR can resolve ambiguity in beam direction based on at least one of the above-described embodiments (e.g., the above-described methods), and the efficiency of beam direction can be improved.

[0420] Method 2 for determining the priority of multiple beams

[0421] A collision between multiple beam instructions (e.g., mP beam instructions, mSp beam instructions, and / or mAp beam instructions) may occur. A collision between multiple beam instructions and a single beam instruction (e.g., P beam instructions, Sp beam instructions, and / or Ap beam instructions) may occur. An NCR may be connected to two different base stations and may receive a beam instruction (e.g., a set of resources associated with a beam) from each of the two different base stations. Among the two different base stations, a first base station may support a single beam operation. In other words, the first base station may transmit a single beam instruction to the NCR. Among the two different base stations, a second base station may support a multi-beam operation. In other words, the second base station may transmit a multi-beam instruction to the NCR.

[0422] An NCR may be connected to two different base stations based on DC operation. The two different base stations may be connected via a non-ideal backhaul. The two different base stations may include a first base station and a second base station. The first base station may not be aware of the beam operation (e.g., single beam operation or multi-beam operation) supported by the second base station, and the second base station may not be aware of the beam operation (e.g., single beam operation or multi-beam operation) supported by the first base station. In other words, the base stations may not be able to obtain real-time information about the type of beam indication (e.g., single beam indication or multi-beam indication) of the other base station. For another example, each of the two different base stations may perform multi-beam operation based on single beam indications.

[0423] In the above-described situation, the NCR (e.g., repeater-MT) can determine the priority of beam instructions based on at least one of the following methods to resolve collisions between beam instructions.

[0424] - Method M1: A single-beam indication can be set to have a higher or lower priority than a multi-beam indication. When a single-beam indication and a multi-beam indication conflict, the NCR (e.g., a repeater-MT) can determine which beam indication to apply based on the above priorities, and can appropriately select a beam to use in the access link based on the determined beam indication.

[0425] - Method M2: The NCR may have a multi-PA structure as illustrated in FIG. 21, and may report to the base station that the NCR has the multi-PA structure through an NCR capability reporting procedure (e.g., a repeater-MT capability reporting procedure) or a UE capability reporting procedure. In this case, a single beam indication may override an indication for one of the beams according to the multi-beam indication. The one beam to be replaced may be a beam with a lowest index or a highest index among the beams according to the multi-beam indication. The NCR capability report (e.g., a repeater-MT capability report) or the UE capability report may include a DC or multi-panel related capability report, and information included in the DC or multi-panel related capability report may implicitly indicate that the NCR has a multi-PA structure.

[0426] - Method M3: The NCR may have a single PA structure as illustrated in FIG. 20 or a multi-PA structure as illustrated in FIG. 21. In multi-beam operation, the output of one PA may be shared among multiple beams. In this case, a single beam instruction may override an instruction for one of the beams according to the multi-beam instruction. The replaced beam may be a beam with the highest power allocation among the beams according to the multi-beam instruction. The above operation may be performed to stably operate a beam corresponding to the single beam operation.

[0427] - Method M4: The NCR may have a single PA structure as illustrated in FIG. 20 or a multiple PA structure as illustrated in FIG. 21. In multi-beam operation, the output of one PA may be shared among multiple beams. In this case, a single beam indication may override an indication for one of the beams according to the multi-beam indication. The replaced beam may be a beam that is similar (e.g., most similar) to the beam according to the single beam indication among the beams according to the multi-beam indication. This operation may be performed to minimize performance loss of the multi-beam operation due to beam replacement. A similar beam may mean a beam that has a most similar boresight direction. A similar beam may mean a most similar beam in terms of a beam width (e.g., 3 dB HPBW (half power beamwidth)). A similar beam may mean a most similar beam in terms of sidelobe leakage power. A similar beam may mean one of the beams set as a similar beam by a base station. For NCR operation, similar beams can be defined and reported to operators / base stations through signaling such as OAM (Operations, Administration, and Maintenance). In other words, a similar beam can mean a beam that is reported as a similar beam to operators / base stations.

[0428] How to improve priority flags

[0429] A priority flag for a P beam indication or Sp beam indication having multiple {beam index, time resource index} pairs may be provided. Multiple {beam index, time resource index} pairs may be controlled by one priority flag. The priority flag may be included in beam indication configuration information in the form of Table 21 below. A base station may transmit beam indication configuration information (or beam indication configuration group information) to a communication node (e.g., NCR, terminal). The beam indication configuration information may include a P beam indication configuration, an Sp beam indication configuration, and / or an Ap beam indication configuration.

[0430]

[0431] To complement the methods for determining multi-beam priorities, Table 21 can be extended as shown in Table 22 below. In Table 22, the priority flag can be set to more than 2 bits. Some codewords (e.g., 00) may mean that the priority flag is not set. Other codewords (e.g., 01) may mean "the priority flag applies to multi-beam operation, and multi-beam operation has lower priority than single-beam operation." Still other codewords (e.g., 10) may mean "the priority flag applies to multi-beam operation, and multi-beam operation has higher priority than single-beam operation."

[0432]

[0433] To complement the methods for determining multi-beam priorities, Table 21 can be extended as shown in Table 23 below. In Table 23, the priority flag can be set to more than 2 bits. Some codewords (e.g., 00) may mean that the priority flag is not set. Other codewords (e.g., 01) may mean "the priority flag applies to multi-beam operation, and various types of beam instructions (e.g., P beam instructions, Sp beam instructions, and / or Ap beam instructions) are applicable to multi-beam operation." Still other codewords (e.g., 10) may mean "the priority flag applies to multi-beam operation, and the same type of beam instructions (e.g., P beam instructions, Sp beam instructions, or Ap beam instructions) are applicable to multi-beam operation."

[0434]

[0435] Figure 24 is a flowchart illustrating a method for performing single beam operation or multi-beam operation based on priority.

[0436] Referring to FIG. 24, a base station can transmit beam indication configuration information for single beam operation through signaling. An NCR (e.g., NCR-MT, repeater-MT) can receive beam indication configuration information for single beam operation from the base station (S2400). The beam indication configuration information (e.g., single beam indication configuration information) can include configuration information for P beam indication, Sp beam indication, and / or Ap beam indication. The beam indication can be associated with a priority flag. Alternatively, the beam indication may not be associated with a priority flag. The beam indication configuration information can mean resource set configuration information.

[0437] A base station can transmit beam indication configuration information for multi-beam operation through signaling. An NCR (e.g., NCR-MT, repeater-MT) can receive beam indication configuration information for multi-beam operation from the base station (S2405). The beam indication configuration information (e.g., multi-beam indication configuration information) can include configuration information for mP beam indication, mSp beam indication, and / or mAp beam indication. The beam indication can be associated with a priority flag. Alternatively, the beam indication may not be associated with a priority flag. The priority flag associated with the mP beam indication, mSp beam indication, and / or mAp beam indication can be set as shown in Table 21, Table 22, or Table 23.

[0438] S2400 and S2405 may be performed in various orders. For example, S2400 may be performed before S2405. Alternatively, S2400 and S2405 may be performed simultaneously. Alternatively, S2405 may be performed before S2400.

[0439] In S2410, the base station can transmit the MAC CE for Sp beam indication or mSp beam indication and / or the DCI for Ap beam indication or mAp beam indication to the NCR, and the NCR can receive the MAC CE for Sp beam indication or mSp beam indication and / or the DCI for Ap beam indication or mAp beam indication from the base station. The MAC CE and / or the DCI can indicate at least one beam indication among the beam indications set in S2400 and / or S2405. In other words, the MAC CE and / or the DCI can enable (e.g., activate) at least one beam indication among the beam indications set in S2400 and / or S2405.

[0440] The NCR may determine the first beam for the access link based on at least one of the priority application methods (e.g., priority rules) for single-beam operation according to the first embodiment described above (S2415). The NCR may check whether application of multi-beam operation is indicated in the time resource to which the first beam is applied (S2420). In other words, the NCR may check whether application of multi-beam operation is possible in the time resource to which the first beam is applied.

[0441] If multi-beam operation is not applied to the time resource to which the first beam is applied, the NCR may operate the access link by applying the first beam for single-beam operation (S2425). In other words, the NCR may perform single-beam operation using the first beam. The NCR may transmit signals and / or channels to the terminal using the first beam. "Operating the access link" may mean "the NCR amplifies a signal received through the backhaul link and transmits the amplified signal through the access link." "Operating the access link" may mean "the NCR retransmits a signal received through the backhaul link through the access link."

[0442] When a multi-beam operation is applied to a time resource to which the first beam is applied, the NCR may additionally determine beam(s) for the multi-beam operation based on at least one of the priority application methods for the multi-beam operation according to the second embodiment described above (S2430). The NCR may operate the access link using the first beam and the additionally determined beam(s) (S2435). In other words, the NCR may perform a multi-beam operation using the first beam and the additionally determined beam(s). The NCR may transmit a signal and / or a channel to the terminal using the first beam and the additionally determined beam(s). When a single-beam operation is not applied to a certain time resource (e.g., when there is no single-beam indication corresponding to a certain time resource), S2415 and S2425 may be omitted.

[0443] Figure 25 is a flowchart illustrating a method of performing single beam operation or multi-beam operation based on priority.

[0444] Referring to FIG. 25, in S2500, the first base station can transmit first resource set information associated with the first beam to the NCR (e.g., NCR-MT, repeater-MT) through signaling, and the NCR can receive the first resource set information associated with the first beam from the first base station. The first resource set information can include one or more {beam, time resource} pairs. {beam, time resource} can be interpreted as {beam index, time resource index}. One beam can be mapped to one time resource. Or, multiple beams can be mapped to one time resource. The time resource can be a periodic resource, an aperiodic resource, or a semi-persistent resource.

[0445] In S2505, the second base station may transmit second resource set information associated with the second beam to the NCR through signaling, and the NCR may receive second resource set information associated with the second beam from the second base station. The second resource set information may include one or more {beam, time resource} pairs. {beam, time resource} may be interpreted as {beam index, time resource index}. One beam may be mapped to one time resource. Alternatively, multiple beams may be mapped to one time resource. The time resource may be a periodic resource, an aperiodic resource, or a semi-persistent resource. The signaling may include at least one of SI (system information) signaling, RRC signaling, MAC CE signaling, or PHY signaling (e.g., DCI signaling). The first base station and the second base station may be the same base station. Alternatively, the first base station and the second base station may be different base stations.

[0446] Each of the first resource set information and the second resource set information may mean a beam instruction (e.g., a single beam instruction setting, a multi-beam instruction setting, single beam instruction setting information, or multi-beam instruction setting information). For example, each of the first resource set information and the second resource set information may mean at least one of an Ap beam instruction, an mAp beam instruction, an Sp beam instruction, an mSp beam instruction, a P beam instruction, or an mP beam instruction. Each of the first resource set information and the second resource set information may include single beam information, multi-beam information, time resource information, or the like. The first resource set information may include a single beam instruction or a multi-beam instruction including a first beam. The second resource set information may include a single beam instruction or a multi-beam instruction including a second beam.

[0447] Each of the first resource set information and the second resource set information may indicate at least one of a semi-persistent resource (e.g., an sP resource), a periodic resource (e.g., a P resource), or an aperiodic resource (e.g., an aP resource). The resources indicated by each of the first resource set information and the second resource set information may be resources in an access link between an NCR and a terminal.

[0448] Resource set information (e.g., first resource set information and / or second resource set information) indicating semi-persistent resources (e.g., Sp beam indication, mSp beam indication) or periodic resources (e.g., P beam indication, mP beam indication) may be included in an RRC message transmitted by the base station. In other words, resource set information for semi-persistent resources or periodic resources may be transmitted through RRC signaling. Resource set information (e.g., first resource set information and / or second resource set information) indicating aperiodic resources (e.g., Ap beam indication, mAp beam indication) may be included in DCI transmitted by the base station. In other words, resource set information for aperiodic resources may be transmitted through DCI signaling.

[0449] The use of resources (e.g., application of beams) indicated by each of the first resource set information and the second resource set information may be indicated by a MAC CE. In other words, the base station may transmit a MAC CE indicating the use of resources (e.g., application of beams) indicated by the first resource set information and / or the second resource set information to the NCR. The NCR may determine that the resources (e.g., beams) indicated by the MAC CE received from the base station are available. The MAC CE may indicate the activation (e.g., enable) of the resources (e.g., beams).

[0450] The NCR can identify the first time resource indicated by the first resource set information and the second time resource indicated by the second resource set information. If the first time resource indicated by the first resource set information overlaps (e.g., partially overlaps or completely overlaps) with the second time resource indicated by the second resource set information, the NCR can select one resource set information having a higher priority among the first resource set information and the second resource set information (S2510). The priority may be the priority of the single beam operation according to the first embodiment described above and / or the priority of the multi-beam operation according to the second embodiment described above.

[0451] NCR may determine that resource set information indicating aperiodic resources (e.g., Ap beam, mAp beam, aperiodic time resource) among the first resource set information and the second resource set information has a high priority. NCR may determine that resource set information indicating semi-persistent resources (e.g., Sp beam, mSp beam, semi-persistent time resource) among the first resource set information and the second resource set information has a high priority. NCR may determine that one resource set information having a priority flag among the first resource set information and the second resource set information has a high priority. NCR may determine that resource set information associated with a low beam index or a high beam index among the first resource set information and the second resource set information has a high priority. NCR may determine that resource set information having a single beam indication or a multi-beam indication among the first resource set information and the second resource set information has a high priority.

[0452] NCR can communicate with a terminal using a single beam or multiple beams associated with one resource set information selected in S2510 in a resource indicated by the resource set information (S2515).

[0453] Meanwhile, the NCR (e.g., a repeater) can perform operations according to various combinations of the above-described embodiments. The NCR can report to the base station through signaling the function(s) that the NCR can support and / or the function(s) that the NCR cannot support. The base station can determine the operation(s) to be performed by the NCR based on the information received from the NCR, and can instruct the NCR through signaling information about the determined operation(s). The NCR can perform the operation(s) instructed by the base station.

[0454] Figure 26 is a block diagram illustrating embodiments of a base station.

[0455] Referring to FIG. 26, a base station may include a processing unit (2600), a transmitting unit (2605), and a receiving unit (2610). Each component of the base station may be subdivided. Alternatively, the components of the base station may be integrated into a single component. The processing unit (2600) may determine the overall operations of the base station and process the operations. For the operations, the processing unit (2600) may store information and procedures, control the transmitting unit (2605) to appropriately transmit signals, and control the receiving unit (2610) to appropriately receive signals. The processing unit (2600) may determine which method(s) to use among the methods of the above-described embodiments, and may instruct the repeater to use the determined method(s).

[0456] Figure 27 is a block diagram illustrating embodiments of a repeater.

[0457] Referring to FIG. 27, the repeater may include a processing unit (2700), a transmitting unit (2705), and a receiving unit (2710). Each component of the repeater may be subdivided. Alternatively, the components of the repeater may be integrated into a single component. The processing unit (2700) may determine the overall operations of the repeater and process the operations. For the operations, the processing unit (2700) may store information and procedures, control the transmitting unit (2705) to appropriately transmit signals, and control the receiving unit (2710) to appropriately receive signals.

[0458] Figure 28 is a block diagram illustrating embodiments of communication nodes.

[0459] Referring to FIG. 28, a communication node (2800) may include at least one processor (2810), a memory (2820), or at least one of a transmission / reception device (2830) that is connected to a network and performs communication. In addition, the communication node (2800) may further include an input interface device (2840), an output interface device (2850), a storage device (2860), etc. Each component included in the communication node (2800) may be connected by a bus (2870) and communicate with each other.

[0460] However, each component included in the communication node (2800) may be connected through an individual interface or individual bus centered around the processor (2810), rather than a common bus (2770). For example, the processor (2810) may be connected to at least one of a memory (2820), a transceiver (2830), an input interface device (2840), an output interface device (2850), and a storage device (2860) through a dedicated interface.

[0461] The processor (2810) can execute program commands stored in at least one of the memory (2820) and the storage device (2860). The processor (2810) may refer to a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), or a dedicated processor in which methods according to embodiments of the present disclosure are performed. Each of the memory (2820) and the storage device (2860) may be configured with at least one of a volatile storage medium and a non-volatile storage medium. For example, the memory (2820) may be configured with at least one of a read-only memory (ROM) and a random access memory (RAM).

[0462] The methods according to the present disclosure may be implemented in the form of program instructions that can be executed by various computer means and recorded on a computer-readable medium. The computer-readable medium may include program instructions, data files, data structures, etc., either singly or in combination. The program instructions recorded on the computer-readable medium may be those specifically designed and configured for the present disclosure or may be known and available to those skilled in the computer software art.

[0463] Examples of computer-readable media include hardware devices specifically configured to store and execute program instructions, such as ROM, RAM, and flash memory. Examples of program instructions include not only machine language codes generated by a compiler, but also high-level language codes that can be executed by a computer using an interpreter, etc. The hardware devices described above may be configured to operate with at least one software module to perform the operations of the present disclosure, and vice versa.

[0464] Although the present disclosure has been described with reference to the above embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications and changes can be made to the present disclosure without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure as set forth in the claims below.

Claims

1. As a method of repeater, A step of receiving first resource set information associated with a first beam from a first base station; A step of receiving second resource set information associated with a second beam from a second base station; A step of selecting one resource set information having a higher priority among the first resource set information and the second resource set information, when the first time resource indicated by the first resource set information overlaps with the second time resource indicated by the second resource set information; and A step of performing communication with a terminal using one beam associated with the one resource set information in a resource indicated by the one resource set information, Method of repeater.

2. In claim 1, Each of the first resource set information and the second resource set information indicates a semi-persistent resource, a periodic resource, or an aperiodic resource. Method of repeater.

3. In claim 2, The first resource set information and the second resource set information indicating the semi-persistent resource or the periodic resource are each included in an RRC (radio resource control) message, and the first resource set information and the second resource set information indicating the aperiodic resource are each included in DCI (downlink control information). Method of repeater.

4. In claim 1, The first resource set information includes a single beam instruction or a multi-beam instruction including the first beam, and the second resource set information includes a single beam instruction or a multi-beam instruction including the second beam. Method of repeater.

5. In claim 1, The use of resources indicated by each of the first resource set information and the second resource set information is indicated by a MAC (medium access control) CE (control element). Method of repeater.

6. In claim 1, Among the first resource set information and the second resource set information, the one resource set information indicating the aperiodic resource has the high priority. Method of repeater.

7. In claim 1, Among the first resource set information and the second resource set information, the one resource set information indicating a semi-persistent resource has the high priority. Method of repeater.

8. In claim 1, Among the first resource set information and the second resource set information, the one resource set information having a priority flag has the higher priority. Method of repeater.

9. In claim 1, Among the first resource set information and the second resource set information, the one resource set information associated with the low beam index or the high beam index has the high priority. Method of repeater.

10. In claim 1, Among the first resource set information and the second resource set information, the one resource set information including a single beam instruction or a multi-beam instruction has the high priority. Method of repeater.

11. In claim 1, The resources indicated by each of the first resource set information and the second resource set information are resources in the access link between the relay and the terminal. Method of repeater.

12. In claim 1, The above first base station and the above second base station are the same base station or different base stations. Method of repeater.

13. As a repeater, Contains at least one processor, At least one processor is configured such that the relay, Receive first resource set information associated with a first beam from a first base station; Receive second resource set information associated with a second beam from a second base station; If the first time resource indicated by the first resource set information overlaps with the second time resource indicated by the second resource set information, one resource set information having a higher priority is selected from among the first resource set information and the second resource set information; and Causing communication with a terminal using one beam associated with the one resource set information in the resource indicated by the one resource set information, Repeater.

14. In claim 13, Each of the first resource set information and the second resource set information indicates a semi-persistent resource, a periodic resource, or an aperiodic resource. Repeater.

15. In claim 13, The first resource set information includes a single beam instruction or a multi-beam instruction including the first beam, and the second resource set information includes a single beam instruction or a multi-beam instruction including the second beam. Repeater.

16. In claim 13, Among the first resource set information and the second resource set information, the one resource set information indicating the aperiodic resource has the high priority. Repeater.

17. In claim 13, Among the first resource set information and the second resource set information, the one resource set information indicating a semi-persistent resource has the high priority. Repeater.

18. In claim 13, Among the first resource set information and the second resource set information, the one resource set information having a priority flag has the higher priority. Repeater.

19. In claim 13, Among the first resource set information and the second resource set information, the one resource set information associated with the low beam index or the high beam index has the high priority. Repeater.

20. In claim 13, Among the first resource set information and the second resource set information, the one resource set information including a single beam instruction or a multi-beam instruction has the high priority. Repeater.

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