Battery management apparatus and operation method therefor

Abstract

According to an embodiment disclosed herein, a battery pack may comprise: a plurality of battery modules; and a battery management apparatus which obtains the state of charge (SOC) and state of health (SOH) of each of the plurality of battery modules, determines one or more first battery modules on the basis of the SOC of each of the plurality of battery modules, and determines the activation ratio of each of the one or more first battery modules on the basis of the SOH of the first battery modules.

Description

Battery management device and its operating method

[0001] Cross-citation with related applications

[0002] This invention claims the benefit of priority from Korean Patent Application No. 10-2023-0099066, filed on July 28, 2023, and all contents of the document in that Korean Patent Application are incorporated herein by reference.

[0003] Technology field

[0004] The embodiments disclosed in this document relate to a battery management device and a method of operating the same.

[0005] Recently, research and development on secondary batteries has been actively underway. Here, secondary batteries are defined as rechargeable and dischargeable batteries, encompassing both conventional Ni / Cd and Ni / MH batteries, as well as more recent lithium-ion batteries. Recently, their use has expanded to include power sources for electric vehicles, attracting attention as a next-generation energy storage medium.

[0006] Electric vehicles receive external electricity to charge battery cells and modules, which are then discharged to power the motor. During production and use, battery cells and modules undergo internal deformation and transformation through various charging and discharging cycles, altering their physical and chemical properties. This degradation and deterioration of batteries necessitates the development of technologies to manage the operation of battery cells and modules.

[0007] Charge and discharge tests can be performed on batteries for various purposes, including performance diagnosis and condition analysis. For example, a test voltage can be applied to the battery, and a test voltage can be measured from the battery in response to the test voltage. Based on the test voltage, the state of charge (SOC) and / or state of health (SOH) of the battery module can be obtained. These test results can be analyzed to manage the operation of each battery module.

[0008] One purpose of the embodiments disclosed in this document is to provide a battery management device and an operating method thereof capable of managing heat generated from each of the battery modules included in a battery pack.

[0009] One purpose of the embodiments disclosed in this document is to provide a battery management device and an operating method thereof capable of controlling the operation of each battery module by determining an activation ratio of each battery module included in a battery pack.

[0010] The technical problems of the embodiments disclosed in this document are not limited to the technical problems mentioned above, and other technical problems not mentioned will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the descriptions below.

[0011] A battery pack according to an embodiment disclosed in the present document may include a plurality of battery modules; and a battery management device that obtains a state of charge (SOC) and a state of health (SOH) of each of the plurality of battery modules, determines at least one first battery module based on the SOC of each of the plurality of battery modules, and determines an activation rate of each of the at least one first battery modules based on the SOH of the first battery module.

[0012] According to one embodiment, the battery management device may compare the SOC of each of the plurality of battery modules with a first reference SOC, and determine a battery module having an SOC greater than or equal to the first reference SOC as the first battery module.

[0013] According to one embodiment, the battery management device can determine the first reference SOC based on the average and standard deviation of the SOCs of the plurality of battery modules.

[0014] According to one embodiment, the battery management device may compare the SOH of the at least one first battery module with a first reference SOH and determine at least one second battery module having an SOH less than the first reference SOH.

[0015] According to one embodiment, the battery management device may determine the sum of the activation ratios of the at least one second battery module such that the sum of the activation ratios of the at least one second battery module is equal to the activation ratio of one of the first battery modules having an SOH greater than the first reference SOH.

[0016] According to one embodiment, the battery management device may determine a smaller SOH among an SOH corresponding to the number of years of use of the battery pack and an SOH corresponding to the number of discharge cycles of the battery pack, as the first reference SOH.

[0017] According to one embodiment, the battery management device may determine an activation expectation of each of the at least one second battery modules based on an SOH of each of the at least one second battery modules, determine an activation rate of each of the at least one second battery modules based on the activation expectation, and control an operation cycle of each of the at least one second battery modules based on the activation rate of each of the at least one second battery modules.

[0018] According to one embodiment, the battery management device can compare the SOC of each of the plurality of battery modules with a first reference SOC, determine a battery module having an SOC less than the first reference SOC as a third battery module, and control the third battery module to be in a disabled state.

[0019] According to one embodiment, the battery management device can adjust the activation ratio of each of the at least one first battery modules such that the sum of the activation ratios of each of the at least one first battery modules is greater than or equal to a predetermined activation ratio required for the battery pack.

[0020] According to one embodiment, each of the plurality of battery modules includes: a battery cell; a first switch disposed on a charge / discharge line of the battery cell; and a second switch disposed on a bypass line connected in parallel with the charge / discharge line, wherein the battery management device controls the first switch and the second switch according to the activation ratio to control an operating cycle of each of the at least one first battery modules.

[0021] A battery pack management method according to one embodiment disclosed in the present document may include: obtaining a State of Charge (SOC) and a State of Health (SOH) of each of a plurality of battery modules; determining at least one first battery module based on the SOC of each of the plurality of battery modules; and determining an activation ratio of each of the at least one first battery modules based on the SOH of the first battery module.

[0022] According to one embodiment, the step of determining the at least one first battery module may include the step of comparing the SOC of each of the plurality of battery modules with a first reference SOC, and determining a battery module having an SOC greater than or equal to the first reference SOC as the first battery module.

[0023] According to one embodiment, the step of determining the at least one first battery module may include the step of determining the first reference SOC based on an average and a standard deviation of SOCs of the plurality of battery modules.

[0024] According to one embodiment, the step of determining the activation ratio of each of the at least one first battery module may include the step of comparing the SOH of the at least one first battery module with a first reference SOH and determining at least one second battery module having an SOH less than the first reference SOH.

[0025] According to one embodiment, the step of determining the activation ratio of each of the at least one first battery module may include the step of determining the sum of the activation ratios of the at least one second battery module such that the sum of the activation ratios of the at least one second battery module is equal to the activation ratio of one of the first battery modules having an SOH greater than the first reference SOH.

[0026] According to one embodiment, the step of determining the at least one second battery module may include a step of determining a smaller SOH among an SOH corresponding to the number of years of use of the battery pack and an SOH corresponding to the number of discharge cycles of the battery pack, as the first reference SOH.

[0027] According to one embodiment, after the step of determining the sum of the activation ratios of the at least one second battery module, the method may further include the step of determining an activation expectation of each of the at least one second battery module based on an SOH of each of the at least one second battery module; determining an activation ratio of each of the at least one second battery module based on the activation expectation; and controlling an operation cycle of each of the at least one second battery module based on the activation ratio of each of the at least one second battery module.

[0028] According to one embodiment, after the step of obtaining the SOC and SOH of each of the plurality of battery modules, the method may further include the step of comparing the SOC of each of the plurality of battery modules with a first reference SOC, determining a battery module having an SOC less than the first reference SOC as a third battery module, and controlling the third battery module to be in a disabled state.

[0029] According to one embodiment, after the step of determining the activation ratio of each of the at least one first battery modules, the method may further include a step of adjusting the activation ratio of each of the at least one first battery modules so that the sum of the activation ratios of each of the at least one first battery modules is greater than or equal to a predetermined activation ratio required for the battery pack.

[0030] According to one embodiment, after the step of determining the activation ratio of each of the at least one first battery modules, the method may further include a step of controlling an operation cycle of each of the at least one first battery modules by controlling a first switch disposed in a charge / discharge line of a battery cell included in each of the plurality of battery modules and a second switch disposed in a bypass line connected in parallel with the charge / discharge line, according to the activation ratio.

[0031] A battery management device and its operating method according to an embodiment disclosed in this document can manage heat generated from each of the battery modules included in a battery pack.

[0032] The battery management device and its operating method according to the embodiment disclosed in this document can control the operation of each battery module by determining the activation ratio of each battery module included in a battery pack.

[0033] In addition, various effects may be provided, either directly or indirectly, through this document.

[0034] FIG. 1 is a drawing showing a battery pack according to one embodiment disclosed in this document.

[0035] FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a battery management device according to one embodiment disclosed in this document.

[0036] FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of a battery module according to one embodiment disclosed in this document.

[0037] FIG. 4 is a graph showing the operation of a battery module according to one embodiment disclosed in this document.

[0038] FIG. 5A is a graph showing the SOC of a battery module at a first time of a charging operation according to one embodiment disclosed in the present document.

[0039] FIG. 5b is a graph showing the SOC of a battery module at a second time of a charging operation according to one embodiment disclosed in the present document.

[0040] FIG. 5c is a graph showing the SOC of a battery module at a third time of a charging operation according to one embodiment disclosed in this document.

[0041] Figure 6 is a discharge operation flowchart of a battery management device according to one embodiment disclosed in this document.

[0042] FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an activation ratio determination process of a battery management device according to one embodiment disclosed in this document.

[0043] Figure 8 is a discharge operation flowchart of a battery management device according to another embodiment disclosed in this document.

[0044] FIG. 9a is a diagram showing an activation ratio determination process of a battery management device according to another embodiment disclosed in this document.

[0045] FIG. 9b is a diagram showing an activation ratio determination process of a battery management device according to another embodiment disclosed in this document.

[0046] FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing the hardware configuration of a computing system for performing an operating method of a battery management device according to one embodiment disclosed in this document.

[0047] Hereinafter, various embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, this is not intended to limit the present invention to specific embodiments, and it should be understood that the present invention encompasses various modifications, equivalents, and / or alternatives of the embodiments.

[0048] The various embodiments and terminology used in this document are not intended to limit the technical features described in this document to specific embodiments, but should be understood to encompass various modifications, equivalents, or alternatives of the embodiments. In connection with the description of the drawings, similar reference numerals may be used to refer to similar or related components. The singular form of a noun corresponding to an item may include one or more of the items, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0049] In this document, the phrases "A or B", "at least one of A and B", "at least one of A or B", "A, B, or C", "at least one of A, B, and C", and "at least one of A, B, or C" can each include any one of the items listed together in that phrase, or all possible combinations thereof. Terms such as "first", "second", "first", "second", "A", "B", "(a)", or "(b)" may be used merely to distinguish the corresponding element from other corresponding elements, and do not limit the corresponding elements in any other respect (e.g., importance or order) unless specifically stated otherwise.

[0050] In this document, whenever a component (e.g., a first component) is referred to as being “connected,” “coupled,” or “connected,” with or without the terms “functionally” or “communicatively,” or “coupled” or “connected,” it means that the component can be connected to the other component directly (e.g., wired), wirelessly, or via a third component.

[0051] According to one embodiment, the method according to various embodiments disclosed in this document may be provided as a computer program product. The computer program product may be traded as a commodity between a seller and a buyer. The computer program product may be distributed in the form of a machine-readable storage medium (e.g., compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM)), or may be distributed online (e.g., downloaded or uploaded) through an application store or directly between two user devices. In the case of online distribution, at least a portion of the computer program product may be temporarily stored or temporarily generated in a machine-readable storage medium, such as the memory of a manufacturer's server, an application store's server, or an intermediary server.

[0052] According to various embodiments, each component (e.g., a module or a program) of the above-described components may include one or more entities, and some of the entities may be separated and placed in other components. According to various embodiments, one or more components or operations of the aforementioned components may be omitted, or one or more other components or operations may be added. Alternatively or additionally, a plurality of components (e.g., a module or a program) may be integrated into a single component. In such a case, the integrated component may perform one or more functions of each of the plurality of components identically or similarly to those performed by the corresponding component among the plurality of components prior to the integration. According to various embodiments, the operations performed by a module, program, or other component may be executed sequentially, in parallel, iteratively, or heuristically, or one or more of the operations may be executed in a different order, omitted, or one or more other operations may be added.

[0053] FIG. 1 is a drawing showing a battery pack according to one embodiment disclosed in this document.

[0054] Referring to FIG. 1, a battery pack (1000) may include a plurality of battery modules (110, 120, 130, ..., and 140) and a battery management device (200). In FIG. 1, the number of battery modules (110, 120, 130, ..., and 140) is illustrated as four, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and the battery pack (1000) may be configured to include n (n is a natural number greater than or equal to 2) battery modules. In addition, some configurations may be excluded from the battery pack (1000) or other general-purpose configurations may be further included in the battery pack (1000).

[0055] A plurality of battery modules (110, 120, 130, …, and 140) can supply power to a target device (not shown). To this end, the plurality of battery modules (110, 120, 130, …, and 140) can be electrically connected to the target device. Here, the target device may include an electrical, electronic, or mechanical device that operates by receiving power from a battery pack (1000) including the plurality of battery modules (110, 120, 130, …, and 140). For example, the target device may be, but is not limited to, an electric vehicle (EV) or an energy storage system (ESS).

[0056] Each of the plurality of battery modules (110, 120, 130, …, and 140) may include a plurality of battery cells (not shown). Each of the plurality of battery modules (110, 120, 130, …, and 140) may include n (n is a natural number greater than or equal to 2) battery cells. The plurality of battery cells (not shown) may be basic units of battery cells that can charge and discharge electric energy and use it. For example, the battery cells may be, but are not limited to, a lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery, a lithium-ion polymer (Li-ion polymer) battery, a nickel-cadmium (Ni-Cd) battery, a nickel-metal hydride (Ni-MH) battery, etc.

[0057] A battery management system (BMS) (200) can manage and / or control the status and / or operation of each of a plurality of battery modules (110, 120, 130, …, and 140). For example, the battery management system (200) can manage the charging and / or discharging operations of each of a plurality of battery modules (110, 120, 130, …, and 140).

[0058] In addition, the battery management device (200) can monitor the voltage, current, temperature, etc. of each of the plurality of battery modules (110, 120, 130, …, and 140) and / or each of the plurality of battery cells (not shown) included in each of the plurality of battery modules (110, 120, 130, …, and 140). In addition, for monitoring by the battery management device (200), sensors or various measuring modules (not shown) may be additionally installed at any location of the plurality of battery modules (110, 120, 130, …, and 140), the charging / discharging path, or the plurality of battery cells (not shown) included in each of the plurality of battery modules (110, 120, 130, …, and 140). The battery management device (200) can calculate parameters indicating the status of each of the plurality of battery modules (110, 120, 130, ..., and 140), for example, SOC (State of Charge) or SOH (State of Health), based on measured values ​​such as monitored voltage, current, and temperature.

[0059] The plurality of battery modules (110, 120, 130, …, and 140) may have different factors such as a decrease in capacity and an increase in internal resistance as the period of use or the number of uses increases. Therefore, the lifespan and performance of each of the plurality of battery modules (110, 120, 130, …, and 140) may vary depending on the use of the battery pack (1000). The battery management device (200) may manage heat generated from each of the plurality of battery modules (110, 120, 130, …, and 140) by controlling the charging and discharging operations of each of the plurality of battery modules (110, 120, 130, …, and 140) based on the states of each of the plurality of battery modules (110, 120, 130, …, and 140). Through this, the battery management device (200) may perform a heat management operation of the battery pack (1000). Additionally, thermal management can efficiently manage the life and performance of multiple battery modules (110, 120, 130, …, and 140) and / or battery pack (1000).

[0060] The operation of the battery management device (200) below can be performed in various devices such as a server, cloud, charger, or charger / discharger connected to the battery management device (200) or a vehicle equipped with the battery management device (200).

[0061] FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a battery management device according to one embodiment disclosed in this document.

[0062] Referring to FIG. 2, the battery management device (200) may include an acquisition unit (210) and a controller (220). However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and some components may be omitted from the battery management device (200), and other general-purpose components may be further included in the battery management device (200).

[0063] The acquisition unit (210) can acquire status information of each of the plurality of battery modules (110, 120, 130, …, and 140). The acquisition unit (210) can acquire the SOC (State of Charge) and / or SOH (State of Health) of each of the plurality of battery modules (110, 120, 130, …, and 140). The SOC and / or SOH acquired by the acquisition unit (210) may be calculated by the controller (220) of the battery pack (1000) or may be calculated by a battery management device (not shown) embedded in each of the plurality of battery modules (110, 120, 130, …, and 140).

[0064] The controller (220) can control the operations of the battery management device (200). The controller (220) can control the operations of each of the plurality of battery modules (110, 120, 130, ..., and 140) based on the SOC and SOH acquired from the acquisition unit (210).

[0065] The controller (220) can control charging and / or discharging operations of each of the plurality of battery modules (110, 120, 130, …, and 140). The controller (220) can control the charging state or discharging state, i.e., the activation state, of each of the plurality of battery modules (110, 120, 130, …, and 140). The controller (220) can determine an activation ratio, which is a ratio at which each of the plurality of battery modules (110, 120, 130, …, and 140) is activated. For example, each of the plurality of battery modules (110, 120, 130, …, and 140) can operate in a charging and / or discharging state according to the activation ratio. According to an embodiment, the operation cycle of each of the plurality of battery modules (110, 120, 130, …, and 140) can be determined according to the activation ratio.

[0066] The controller (220) may have a structure for executing commands that implement the operations of the battery management device (200). The controller (220) may be implemented as an array of multiple logic gates for processing various operations or as a general-purpose microprocessor, and may be composed of a single processor or multiple processors. For example, the controller (220) may be implemented in the form of at least one of a microprocessor, a CPU, a GPU, and an AP.

[0067] The controller (220) may be configured separately from or integrally with memory and / or storage configured to temporarily store data or commands, and may process various operations by executing commands stored in the memory and / or storage. The memory and / or storage may store various data, commands, mobile applications, computer programs, etc. For example, the memory and / or storage may be implemented as a non-volatile device such as ROM, PROM, EPROM, EEPROM, flash memory, PRAM, MRAM, RRAM, FRAM, etc., or a volatile device such as DRAM, SRAM, SDRAM, PRAM, RRAM, FeRAM, etc., and may be implemented in the form of an HDD, SSD, SD, Micro-SD, etc., or in the form of a combination thereof.

[0068] FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of a battery module according to one embodiment disclosed in this document.

[0069] For convenience of explanation, the battery module (110) among the plurality of battery modules (110, 120, 130, …, and 140) is described as an example, but the same can be applied substantially to other battery modules (120, 130, …, and 140).

[0070] Referring to FIG. 3, the battery module (110) may include a plurality of battery cells (111, 112, 113, and 114). In FIG. 3, the number of battery cells (111, 112, 113, and 114) is illustrated as four, but the present invention is not limited thereto. The battery module (110) may include a switch (S1 and / or S2) for switching the current applied to the plurality of battery cells (111, 112, 113, and 114). However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and some components of the battery module (110) may be omitted, and other general-purpose components may be further included in the battery module (110).

[0071] The battery management device (200) can control the operating cycle of the battery module (110) by controlling the switches (S1 and / or S2) of the battery module (110).

[0072] According to an embodiment, the battery module (110) may include a charge / discharge line connected to a plurality of battery cells (111, 112, 113, and 114). The battery module (110) may include a first switch (S1) for switching the connection of the charge / discharge line and the plurality of battery cells (111, 112, 113, and 114). The first switch (S1) may be arranged in the charge / discharge line of the battery module (110).

[0073] Additionally, the battery module (110) may include a bypass line that is not connected to a plurality of battery cells (111, 112, 113, and 114). The bypass line may bypass current flowing in the charge / discharge line. The battery module (110) may include a second switch (S2) arranged in the bypass line that is connected in parallel with the charge / discharge line.

[0074] The first switch (S1) and / or the second switch (S2) may be at least one of a relay or a FET, but is not limited thereto. The first switch (S1) and / or the second switch (S2) may be controlled by the battery management device (200). For example, the first switch (S1) and / or the second switch (S2) may be controlled by the controller (220).

[0075] The controller (220) can control charging and discharging of the battery module (110) by controlling the first switch (S1) and / or the second switch (S2). For example, the controller (220) can control the operation cycle related to charging and discharging of the battery module (110) by controlling the short-circuiting and opening of the first switch (S1) and / or the second switch (S2).

[0076] Accordingly, the battery management device (200) can effectively manage the heat generated from each of the plurality of battery modules (110, 120, 130, …, and 140) by controlling the charging and discharging operations of each of the plurality of battery modules (110, 120, 130, …, and 140). In addition, the battery management device (200) can effectively manage the lifespan and performance of the battery pack (1000) through efficient heat management of the battery pack (1000).

[0077] FIG. 4 is a graph showing the operation of a battery module according to one embodiment disclosed in this document.

[0078] According to the embodiment, the operation of the plurality of battery modules (110, 120, 130, ..., and 140) illustrated in FIG. 4 can be understood with reference to the circuit diagram of the battery module (110) illustrated in FIG. 3.

[0079] Referring to FIG. 4, the operation of each of the plurality of battery modules (110, 120, 130, ..., and 140) may be expressed in the form of a PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) graph. 'H' in the graph may be a logic high or on state, and 'L' may be a logic low or off state.

[0080] A plurality of battery modules (110, 120, 130, ..., and 140) may operate as illustrated in FIG. 4 during the first cycle. Taking battery module (120) as an example among the plurality of battery modules (110, 120, 130, ..., and 140), when the battery module (120) is in a logic high (H) state, the battery module (120) may be in an activated state. When the battery module (120) is in a logic low (L) state, the battery module (120) may be in an inactivated state. In the graph of FIG. 4, the battery module (120) may have an activation ratio of 80% during the first cycle.

[0081] Each of the plurality of battery modules (110, 120, 130, ..., and 140) may have a different activation ratio. In an embodiment, the activation ratio of the battery module (110) may be 100%, the activation ratio of the battery module (120) may be 80%, the activation ratio of the battery module (130) may be 60%, and the activation ratio of the battery module (140) may be 0%, but is not limited thereto.

[0082] When the battery module (110) is in a logic high (H) state during the first cycle, the activation ratio of the battery module (110) may be 100%. That is, when the activation ratio is 100%, the battery module (110) may be in a constantly operating state. For example, when the activation ratio of the battery module (110) is 100% in a charging state, the battery module (110) may be in a constantly charging state. For example, when the activation ratio of the battery module (110) is 100% in a discharging state, the battery module (110) may be in a constantly discharging state.

[0083] According to an embodiment, when the activation ratio of the battery module (110) is 100%, the first switch (S1) of the battery module (110) can be short-circuited and the second switch (S2) can be opened in the charging state and the discharging state.

[0084] In an embodiment, when the battery modules (120 and 130) include both a logic high (H) state and a logic low (L) state during the first cycle, the activation ratio of the battery modules (120 and 130) may be greater than 0 and less than 100.

[0085] When the activation ratio of the battery module (120) is 80% during the first cycle, the battery module (120) may be in an operating state for 80% of the first cycle and in an inactive state for 20% of the first cycle. For example, when the activation ratio of the battery module (120) is 80% in a charging state, the battery module (120) may be charged to 80% of the charge amount of the battery module (110). For example, when the activation ratio of the battery module (120) is 80% in a discharging state, the battery module (120) may be discharged to 80% of the discharge amount of the battery module (110).

[0086] According to an embodiment, when the activation ratio of the battery module (120) is 80%, the first switch (S1) of the battery module (120) may be short-circuited and the second switch (S2) may be opened during 80% of the first cycle in the charge state and the discharge state, and the first switch (S1) may be open and the second switch (S2) may be short-circuited during the remaining time.

[0087] According to an embodiment, if the activation ratio of the battery module (130) is 60% during the first cycle, the battery module (130) may be in an operating state for 60% of the first cycle and in an inactive state for 40% of the first cycle. In this case, the battery module (130) may operate in the same manner as if the battery module (110) were only activated 60% of the first cycle. The description related to the operation of the battery module (130) can be understood through the embodiment of the battery module (120) described above and therefore will not be repeated herein.

[0088] According to an embodiment, when the battery module (140) is in a logic low (L) state during the first cycle, the battery module (140) may be in a deactivated state during the first cycle. When the battery module (140) is in a deactivated state during the first cycle, the activation ratio of the battery module (140) may be 0%. When the activation ratio is 0%, the battery module (140) may be in a state where it is not always in operation. For example, when the activation ratio of the battery module (140) is 0% in a charging state, the battery module (140) may be in a charging-stopped state. For example, when the activation ratio of the battery module (140) is 0% in a discharging state, the battery module (140) may be in a discharging-stopped state.

[0089] According to an embodiment, when the activation ratio is 0%, the first switch (S1) of the battery module (140) may be opened and the second switch (S2) may be short-circuited in the charging state and the discharging state.

[0090] The battery management device (200) can control the operation cycle of each of the plurality of battery modules (110, 120, 130, …, and 140) by controlling the activation ratio of each of the plurality of battery modules (110, 120, 130, …, and 140). Therefore, the battery management device (200) can efficiently manage the heat generated from each of the plurality of battery modules (110, 120, 130, …, and 140). In addition, the battery management device (200) can effectively manage the lifespan and performance of the battery pack (1000) through efficient heat management of the battery pack (1000).

[0091] FIG. 5A is a graph showing the SOC of a battery module at a first time point of a charging operation according to one embodiment disclosed in the present document. FIG. 5B is a graph showing the SOC of a battery module at a second time point of a charging operation according to one embodiment disclosed in the present document. FIG. 5C is a graph showing the SOC of a battery module at a third time point of a charging operation according to one embodiment disclosed in the present document.

[0092] According to the embodiment, the operation of the plurality of battery modules (110, 120, and 130) illustrated in FIGS. 5a, 5b, and 5c can be understood with reference to the circuit diagram of the battery module (110) illustrated in FIG. 3.

[0093] Figure 5a is a graph showing the SOC of each of a plurality of battery modules (110, 120, and 130) at a first time point of a charging operation. The first time point of a charging operation may be the time point at which charging is initiated.

[0094] Referring to FIG. 5A, the SOC of each of the plurality of battery modules (110, 120, and 130) may be different in the initial state of charging. According to an embodiment, the SOC of the battery module (110) may be 40, the SOC of the battery module (120) may be 45, and the SOC of the battery module (130) may be 30. The battery management device (200) may initiate charging of the plurality of battery modules (110, 120, and 130).

[0095] FIG. 5b is a graph showing the SOC of each of the plurality of battery modules (110, 120, and 130) when the plurality of battery modules (110, 120, and 130) were charged for a second time.

[0096] Referring to FIG. 5b, when the plurality of battery modules (110, 120, and 130) are charged for a second time, the SOC of the battery module (120) may reach the charge end SOC. For example, the charge end SOC may be an SOC at which charging of each of the plurality of battery modules (110, 120, and 130) may be completed. The battery management device (200) may stop charging the battery module (120) that has reached the charge end SOC. The battery management device (200) may control so that current does not flow in the charge / discharge lines of the plurality of battery cells (111, 112, 113, ..., and 114, see FIG. 3) included in the battery module (120), and so that current flows to the bypass line. According to an embodiment, the controller (220) can control the first switch (S1) of the battery module (120) to be opened and the second switch (S2) to be short-circuited when the charging end point SOC is reached to stop charging of the battery module (120).

[0097] The battery management device (200) can evenly charge a plurality of battery modules (110, 120, and 130) by stopping the charging of a battery module (120) that has reached the charging end point SOC. In addition, the battery management device (200) can effectively perform thermal management of the battery pack (1000) by controlling the charging of each of the plurality of battery modules (110, 120, and 130).

[0098] FIG. 5c is a graph showing the SOC of each of the plurality of battery modules (110, 120, and 130) when the plurality of battery modules (110, 120, and 130) were charged for a third time.

[0099] Referring to 5c, when charging a plurality of battery modules (110, 120, and 130) for a third time, the SOC of the battery module (110) may reach the charging end SOC. The battery management device (200) may stop charging the battery module (110) that has reached the charging end SOC. The battery management device (200) may control so that no current flows in the charge / discharge lines of the plurality of battery cells (111, 112, 113, ..., and 114) included in the battery module (110), but so that current flows to the bypass line. According to an embodiment, the controller (220) may control so that the first switch (S1) of the battery module (110) that has reached the charging end SOC is opened and the second switch (S2) is short-circuited.

[0100] The battery management device (200) can evenly charge a plurality of battery modules (110, 120, and 130) by stopping the charging of the battery modules (110 and 120) that have reached the charging end SOC. In addition, the battery management device (200) can perform a thermal management operation of the battery pack (1000) by controlling the charging of each of the plurality of battery modules (110, 120, and 130). Through this, the battery management device (200) can effectively manage the lifespan and performance of the battery pack (1000).

[0101] FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing a discharge operation of a battery management device according to one embodiment disclosed in this document.

[0102] The operations illustrated in FIG. 6 can be performed through the battery management device (200) of FIG. 2.

[0103] Referring to FIG. 6, in operation S101, the acquisition unit (210) can acquire the SOC (State of Charge) and / or SOH (State of Health) of each of the plurality of battery modules (110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, and 170).

[0104] In operation S102, the controller (220) can compare the SOC of each of the plurality of battery modules (110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, and 170) with a first reference SOC. The controller (220) can determine a battery module (e.g., 110, 120, 130, 140, 160, and 170) having an SOC greater than or equal to the first reference SOC as at least one first battery module.

[0105] Here, the first reference SOC may be determined as a lower value among the SOCs of the plurality of battery modules (110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, and 170). According to an embodiment, the controller (220) may determine the first reference SOC based on the average and standard deviation of the SOCs of the plurality of battery modules (110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, and 170). According to an embodiment, the first reference SOC may be determined through the following [Mathematical Formula 1].

[0106] [Mathematical Formula 1]

[0107] 1st reference SOC = (average of SOC of multiple battery modules) - 1.5 × (standard deviation of SOC of multiple battery modules)

[0108] Accordingly, the controller (220) can classify each of the plurality of battery modules (110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, and 170) based on the first reference SOC.

[0109] The controller (220) may determine at least one battery module (150) having an SOC lower than a first reference SOC as a third battery module. The controller (220) may determine an activation ratio of the at least one third battery module (150). According to an embodiment, the controller (220) may control at least one third battery module (150) having an SOC lower than the first reference SOC to be in a deactivated state. For example, the controller (220) may determine the activation ratio of the at least one third battery module (150) to 0%. Through this, the battery module (150) having a low SOC may not be discharged. Accordingly, the battery management device (200) may perform a thermal management operation of the battery pack (1000).

[0110] In operation S103, the controller (220) may compare the SOH of each of at least one first battery module (110, 120, 130, 140, 160, and 170) with a first reference SOH. The controller (220) may determine at least one first battery module (e.g., 110, 120, and 130) having an SOH less than the first reference SOH as at least one second battery module.

[0111] Here, the first reference SOH can be determined according to the usage status of the battery pack (1000). The controller (220) can determine the first reference SOH based on the SOH of the battery pack (1000). According to an embodiment, the controller (220) can determine the first reference SOH based on the SOH corresponding to the number of years of use of the battery pack (1000) and / or the SOH corresponding to the number of discharge cycles of the battery pack (1000). The controller (220) can determine the smaller SOH among the SOH corresponding to the number of years of use and / or the SOH corresponding to the number of discharge cycles as the first reference SOH. According to an embodiment, the first reference SOH can be determined through the following [Mathematical Formula 2].

[0112] [Equation 2]

[0113] 1st standard SOH = min (SOH corresponding to the number of years of use, SOH corresponding to the number of discharge cycles)

[0114] Accordingly, the controller (220) can classify each of at least one first battery module (110, 120, 130, 140, 160, and 170) based on the first reference SOH.

[0115] In operation S104, the controller (220) can determine an activation ratio of each of at least one first battery module (110, 120, 130, 140, 160, and 170). In another aspect, the controller (220) can determine an operation cycle based on the SOH of each of the first battery modules (110, 120, 130, 140, 160, and 170).

[0116] The controller (220) can control at least one of the first battery modules (110, 120, 130, 140, 160, and 170) to always be activated, at least one battery module (140, 160, and 170) having an SOH higher than a first reference SOH. For example, the controller (220) can determine the activation ratio of the battery modules (140, 160, and 170) to be 100%.

[0117] The controller (220) can control at least one second battery module (e.g., 110, 120, and 130) among at least one first battery module (110, 120, 130, 140, 160, and 170) having an SOH lower than a first reference SOH to be intermittently activated. For example, the controller (220) can determine the activation ratio of the second battery modules (110, 120, and 130) to be a value between 0% and 100%.

[0118] Accordingly, the battery management device (200) can control the discharge operation of each of at least one first battery module (110, 120, 130, 140, 160, and 170) by determining the activation ratio of each. Through this, the battery modules (140, 160, and 170) having a high SOH can be discharged constantly, and the battery modules (110, 120, and 130) having a low SOH can be discharged intermittently. Therefore, the battery management device (200) can manage the heat generated in the low SOH battery modules (110, 120, and 130) having a high heat generation amount by controlling the operation of the low SOH battery modules (110, 120, and 130) to be smaller than the operation of the high SOH battery modules (140, 160, and 170).

[0119] In addition, the battery management device (200) can optimize the performance of the low SOH battery modules (110, 120, and 130) by reducing the operation of the battery modules (110, 120, and 130) with high heat generation and low SOH, thereby extending their lifespan. Through this, the battery management device (200) can control the total amount of heat generated in each of the first battery modules (110, 120, 130, 140, 160, and 170). Furthermore, the battery management device (200) can perform a thermal management operation of the battery pack (1000).

[0120] FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an activation ratio determination process of a battery management device according to one embodiment disclosed in this document.

[0121] According to the embodiment, the plurality of battery modules (110, 120, 130, ..., and 170) illustrated in FIG. 7 can be understood with reference to the battery management device (200) illustrated in FIG. 2, the operation of the battery module illustrated in FIG. 4, and the discharge operation flowchart illustrated in FIG. 6.

[0122] Referring to FIG. 7, the acquisition unit (210) can acquire the SOC and SOH of each of the plurality of battery modules (110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, and 170).

[0123] According to an embodiment, the controller (220) can determine at least one first battery module (110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, and 170) among a plurality of battery modules (110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, and 170) based on a first reference SOC.

[0124] According to an embodiment, the controller (220) can calculate the first reference SOC through the above [Mathematical Formula 1]. For example, the controller (220) can determine the first reference SOC of the plurality of battery modules (110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, and 170) as 54.19 based on the SOC average value (83.57) and the SOC standard deviation value (19.59).

[0125] According to an embodiment, the controller (220) may compare the SOC of each of the plurality of battery modules (110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, and 170) with a first reference SOC. The controller (220) may determine a battery module (e.g., 110, 120, 130, 140, 160, and 170) having the first reference SOC, i.e., an SOC of 54.19 or higher, as at least one first battery module.

[0126] The controller (220) may determine at least one battery module (150) having a first reference SOC, i.e., an SOC less than 54.19, as the third battery module. The controller (220) may determine the activation ratio of at least one third battery module (150) to be 0%. Accordingly, the controller (220) may control at least one third battery module (150) to be in a deactivated state during a discharge operation.

[0127] According to an embodiment, the controller (220) can determine the activation ratio of each of at least one first battery module (110, 120, 130, 140, 160 and 170) based on the first reference SOH.

[0128] According to an embodiment, the controller (220) may determine the first reference SOH through the above [Mathematical Formula 2]. For example, the SOH corresponding to the number of years of use of the battery pack (1000) may be 92, and the SOH corresponding to the number of discharge cycles of the battery pack (1000) may be 90. The controller (220) may determine the smaller SOH between the number of years of use and the number of discharge cycles, i.e., 90, as the first reference SOH.

[0129] According to an embodiment, the controller (220) can compare the SOH of each of at least one first battery module (110, 120, 130, 140, 160 and 170) with a first reference SOH.

[0130] The controller (220) can determine the activation ratio of at least one battery module (e.g., 140, 160, and 170) having an SOH greater than or equal to a first reference SOH. According to an embodiment, the controller (220) can determine the activation ratio of each of the battery modules (140, 160, and 170) to be 100%. Accordingly, the controller (220) can control the battery modules (140, 160, and 170) to be constantly activated in the discharge operation.

[0131] The controller (220) may determine at least one first battery module (e.g., 110, 120, and 130) having an SOH less than a first reference SOH as at least one second battery module. The controller (220) may determine an activation ratio of the at least one second battery module (110, 120, and 130). In an embodiment, the controller (220) may determine that the sum of the activation ratios of the at least one second battery module (110, 120, and 130) is equal to the activation ratio of one of the battery modules (140, 160, and 170) having an SOH greater than the first reference SOH. For example, the controller (220) may determine that the sum of the activation ratios of the at least one second battery module (110, 120, and 130) is equal to the activation ratio of the battery module (140). In this case, the controller (220) can determine that the sum of the activation ratio of the battery module (110), the activation ratio of the battery module (120), and the activation ratio of the battery module (120) is 100%.

[0132] The controller (220) can determine the activation expectation of each of at least one second battery module (110, 120, and 130).

[0133] The activation ratio can be determined based on the activation expectation. In an embodiment, the activation expectation can be determined by the first reference SOH and the SOH of the module. In an embodiment, the activation expectation can be determined using the following [Mathematical Formula 3].

[0134] [Equation 3]

[0135] Activation Expectation = 1 / (SOH of the first reference SOH-module)

[0136] According to an embodiment, the controller (220) may determine the activation expectation of each of the at least one second battery module (110, 120, and 130) based on a first reference SOH, i.e., a value obtained by subtracting the SOH of each of the at least one second battery module (110, 120, and 130) from 90. For example, the controller may determine that the activation expectation of the battery module (110) is 0.07, the activation expectation of the battery module (120) is 0.10, and the activation expectation of the battery module (130) is 0.20.

[0137] In an embodiment, the controller (220) may determine an activation ratio (110, 120, and 130) of each of the at least one second battery modules based on an activation expectation of each of the at least one second battery modules (110, 120, and 130). In an embodiment, the controller (220) may determine a percentage of the activation expectation as the activation ratio.

[0138] According to an embodiment, the controller (220) may control a discharge operation of each of at least one second battery module (110, 120, and 130) based on an activation ratio of each of at least one second battery module (110, 120, and 130). The controller (220) may control an operation cycle of each of at least one second battery module (110, 120, and 130) based on the activation ratio in a discharge state. Contents related to the control of the operation cycle of each of at least one second battery module (110, 120, and 130) based on the activation ratio may be the same as those described in FIG. 4.

[0139] The battery management device (200) can control the operation of the plurality of battery modules (110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, and 170) according to the activation ratio of each of the plurality of battery modules (110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, and 170). Through this, the operation cycle of each of the plurality of battery modules (110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, and 170) in a discharged state can be managed to balance the modules. In addition, the lifespan and performance of each of the plurality of battery modules (110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, and 170) having different SOCs and / or SOHs can be effectively managed. Thus, the battery management device (200) can perform thermal management operations of the battery pack (1000).

[0140] Figure 8 is a discharge operation flowchart of a battery management device according to another embodiment disclosed in this document.

[0141] The operations illustrated in FIG. 8 can be performed through the battery management device (200) of FIG. 2.

[0142] Referring to FIG. 8, in operation S201, the controller (220) can determine the activation ratio of each of the plurality of battery modules (110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, and 170). Details related to determining the activation ratio can be understood with reference to the discharge operation flowchart of the battery management device (200) of FIG. 6 described above and the diagram showing the activation ratio determination process of the battery management device (200) of FIG. 7.

[0143] In operation S202, the controller (220) can compare the sum of the activation ratios of each of the plurality of battery modules (110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, and 170) with a predetermined activation ratio, which is an activation ratio required for the battery pack (1000).

[0144] The controller (220) may determine the minimum activation ratio required for the battery pack (1000) to operate as a predetermined activation ratio. In an embodiment, when the minimum number of modules for the battery pack (1000) to operate is 5, the activation ratio required for the battery pack may be 500%.

[0145] According to an embodiment, the controller (220) may initiate discharging of the battery pack (1000) when the sum of the activation ratios of each of the plurality of battery modules (110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, and 170) is greater than or equal to a predetermined activation ratio required for the battery pack (1000).

[0146] In operation S203, the controller (220) may adjust the activation ratio of each of the plurality of battery modules (110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, and 170) when the sum of the activation ratios of each of the plurality of battery modules (110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, and 170) is less than a predetermined activation ratio required for the battery pack (1000). The controller (220) may increase the activation ratio of a module among the plurality of battery modules (110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, and 170) whose activation ratio does not reach 100%. An embodiment related to the activation ratio may be described with reference to FIGS. 9A and 9B.

[0147] The controller (220) can bring the battery pack (1000) into an operating state by adjusting the activation ratio. By adjusting the activation ratio, the battery management device (200) can satisfy the lower limit of the minimum module activation ratio for operating the battery pack (1000). Accordingly, the battery management device (200) can efficiently manage a plurality of battery modules (110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, and 170). In addition, the operation of the battery pack (1000) can be stably managed.

[0148] FIG. 9a is a diagram showing an activation ratio determination process of a battery management device according to another embodiment disclosed in this document, and FIG. 9b is a diagram showing an activation ratio determination process of a battery management device according to another embodiment disclosed in this document.

[0149] The operations illustrated in FIGS. 9a and 9b can be performed through the battery management device (200) of FIG. 2. The operations of FIGS. 9a and 9b can be understood with reference to FIGS. 6, 7, and 8 described above.

[0150] Referring to FIG. 9a, the controller (220) can adjust the activation ratio of each of the plurality of battery modules (110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, and 170).

[0151] Currently, the sum of the activation ratios of each of the multiple battery modules (110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, and 170) may be 400% (400=18+27+55+100+100+100).

[0152] In one embodiment, the activation ratio required for the battery pack (1000) to operate may be 500%.

[0153] When the sum of the activation ratios of the plurality of battery modules (110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, and 170) is less than the activation ratio required for the battery pack (1000), the controller (220) may adjust the activation ratio of the module whose activation ratio is less than 100%. According to an embodiment, the controller (220) may sequentially adjust the activation ratio by considering the SOC and SOH of each of the plurality of battery modules (110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, and 170).

[0154] In an embodiment, the controller (220) can adjust the activation ratio of a module having an activation ratio greater than 0% and less than 100%. For example, the controller (220) can adjust the activation ratio of at least one second battery module (110, 120, and 130). In an embodiment, the controller (220) can adjust the activation ratio of the second battery module (110, 120, and 130) having an activation ratio greater than 0% and less than 100% before the battery module (150) having an activation ratio of 0%. Accordingly, the controller (220) can increase the activation ratio of the at least one second battery module (110, 120, and 130) so that the sum of the activation ratios of each of the plurality of battery modules (110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, and 170) becomes equal to or greater than the activation ratio required for the battery pack.

[0155] Through this, the controller (220) can control the second battery modules (110, 120, and 130) with a high SOC to operate at a higher activation rate than the battery module (150) with a low SOC. Accordingly, the battery management device (200) can efficiently manage a plurality of battery modules (110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, and 170). In addition, the battery management device (200) can stably manage the operation of the battery pack (1000).

[0156] Referring to FIG. 9b, the controller (220) can adjust the activation ratio of each of the plurality of battery modules (110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, and 170).

[0157] Currently, the sum of the activation ratios of each of the multiple battery modules (110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, and 170) may be 400% (400=18+27+55+100+100+100).

[0158] In one embodiment, the activation ratio required for the battery pack (1000) to operate may be 700%.

[0159] When the sum of the activation ratios of the plurality of battery modules (110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, and 170) is less than the activation ratio required for the battery pack (1000), the controller (220) can adjust the activation ratio of the module whose activation ratio is less than 100%. The controller (220) can adjust the sum of the activation ratios of each of the plurality of battery modules (110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, and 170) so that it is equal to or greater than the activation ratio required for the battery pack.

[0160] The controller (220) can sequentially adjust the activation ratio by considering the SOC and SOH of each of the plurality of battery modules (110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, and 170). According to an embodiment, the controller (220) can first adjust the activation ratio of the battery modules (110, 120, and 130) having an activation ratio greater than 0% and less than 100%. Next, the controller (220) can adjust the activation ratio of at least one battery module (150) having an activation ratio of 0.

[0161] Through the management method of the battery management device (200), the battery management device (200) can manage each of the plurality of battery modules (110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, and 170) by considering the SOC and SOH of each of the plurality of battery modules (110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, and 170). In addition, through the management method of the battery management device (200), the battery pack (1000) can be managed to operate stably.

[0162] FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing the hardware configuration of a computing system for performing an operating method of a battery management device according to one embodiment disclosed in this document.

[0163] Referring to FIG. 10, a computing system (2000) according to one embodiment disclosed in this document may include an MCU (2010), a memory (2020), an input / output I / F (2030), and a communication I / F (2040).

[0164] The MCU (2010) may be a processor that executes various programs (e.g., a battery cell characteristic data collection program, a latent variable extraction program, a distribution generation program, a battery cell diagnosis program, etc.) stored in the memory (2020), processes various information including battery cell characteristic data and latent variables through these programs, and performs the functions of the controller (220) included in the battery management device (200) shown in the above-described FIGS. 1 to 9.

[0165] The memory (2020) can store various programs, such as a battery cell characteristic data collection program, a latent variable extraction program, a distribution map generation program, and a battery cell diagnosis program. In addition, the memory (2020) can store various information, including battery cell characteristic data and latent variables.

[0166] Such memories (2020) may be provided in multiples as needed. The memories (2020) may be volatile or non-volatile memories. As volatile memories (2020), RAM, DRAM, SRAM, etc. may be used. As non-volatile memories (2020), ROM, PROM, EAROM, EPROM, EEPROM, flash memory, etc. may be used. The examples of the memories (2020) listed above are merely examples and are not limited to these examples.

[0167] The input / output I / F (2030) can provide an interface that enables data transmission and reception between an input device (not shown) such as a keyboard, mouse, or touch panel, and an output device (not shown) such as a display and the MCU (2010).

[0168] The communication I / F (2040) is a component capable of transmitting and receiving various data with the server, and may be any device capable of supporting wired or wireless communication. For example, the battery management device (200) can transmit and receive various information, including the SOC, OCV, and parameters of the battery cell, from a separately provided external server via the communication I / F (2040).

[0169] In this way, a computer program according to one embodiment disclosed in this document may be implemented as a module that is recorded in a memory (2020) and processed by an MCU (2010) to perform each function illustrated in FIG. 2, for example.

[0170] Although all components constituting the embodiments disclosed in this document have been described as being combined or operating in combination as one, the embodiments disclosed in this document are not necessarily limited to such embodiments. That is, within the scope of the purpose of the embodiments disclosed in this document, all of the components may be selectively combined and operated one or more times.

[0171] In addition, terms such as "include," "comprise," or "have" described above, unless specifically stated otherwise, mean that the corresponding component can be included, and therefore should be interpreted to include other components rather than excluding other components. All terms, including technical or scientific terms, have the same meaning as commonly understood by a person of ordinary skill in the art to which the embodiments disclosed in this document belong, unless otherwise defined. Commonly used terms, such as terms defined in a dictionary, should be interpreted to be consistent with the contextual meaning of the relevant technology, and shall not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense, unless explicitly defined in this document.

[0172] The foregoing disclosure outlines features of several embodiments to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the aspects of the present disclosure. Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the present disclosure can be readily used as a basis for designing or modifying other structures to achieve the same purposes or advantages of the embodiments introduced herein. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize that such equivalent structures do not depart from the scope of the present disclosure, and that various changes, substitutions, and modifications can be made herein without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. Multiple battery modules; and Obtain the SOC (State of Charge) and SOH (State of Health) of each of the plurality of battery modules, At least one first battery module is determined based on the SOC of each of the plurality of battery modules, A battery pack comprising a battery management device that determines an activation ratio of each of the at least one first battery modules based on the SOH of the first battery module.

2. In claim 1, A battery pack in which the battery management device compares the SOC of each of the plurality of battery modules with a first reference SOC and determines a battery module having an SOC higher than the first reference SOC as the first battery module.

3. In claim 2, A battery pack in which the battery management device determines the first reference SOC based on the average and standard deviation of the SOC of the plurality of battery modules.

4. In claim 1, A battery pack wherein the battery management device compares the SOH of the at least one first battery module with a first reference SOH and determines at least one second battery module having an SOH less than the first reference SOH.

5. In claim 4, A battery pack in which the battery management device determines the sum of the activation ratios of the at least one second battery module such that the sum of the activation ratios of the at least one second battery module is equal to the activation ratio of one of the first battery modules having an SOH greater than the first reference SOH.

6. In claim 4, A battery pack in which the battery management device determines a smaller SOH among an SOH corresponding to the number of discharge cycles of the battery pack and an SOH corresponding to the number of years of use of the battery pack as the first reference SOH.

7. In claim 4, The battery management device determines an activation expectation of each of the at least one second battery modules based on the SOH of each of the at least one second battery modules, Determine the activation ratio of each of the at least one second battery modules based on the activation expectation, A battery pack that controls the operating cycle of each of the at least one second battery module based on the activation ratio of each of the at least one second battery module.

8. In claim 1, A battery pack in which the battery management device compares the SOC of each of the plurality of battery modules with a first reference SOC, determines a battery module having an SOC lower than the first reference SOC as a third battery module, and controls the third battery module to be in a disabled state.

9. In claim 1, A battery pack in which the battery management device adjusts the activation ratio of each of the at least one first battery modules so that the sum of the activation ratios of each of the at least one first battery modules is greater than or equal to a predetermined activation ratio required for the battery pack.

10. In claim 1, Each of the above plurality of battery modules, battery cell; A first switch disposed on the charge / discharge line of the battery cell; and A second switch is disposed on a bypass line connected in parallel with the above charging and discharging line, A battery pack in which the battery management device controls the first switch and the second switch according to the activation ratio to control the operation cycle of each of the at least one first battery modules.

11. A step of obtaining the SOC (State of Charge) and SOH (State of Health) of each of multiple battery modules; A step of determining at least one first battery module based on the SOC of each of the plurality of battery modules; and A battery pack management method comprising a step of determining an activation ratio of each of the at least one first battery modules based on the SOH of the first battery module.

12. In claim 11, The step of determining at least one first battery module comprises: A battery pack management method comprising the step of comparing the SOC of each of the plurality of battery modules with a first reference SOC and determining a battery module having an SOC greater than or equal to the first reference SOC as the first battery module.

13. In claim 12, The step of determining at least one first battery module comprises: A battery pack management method comprising a step of determining the first reference SOC based on the average and standard deviation of the SOC of the plurality of battery modules.

14. In claim 11, The step of determining the activation ratio of each of the at least one first battery modules comprises: A battery pack management method comprising the step of comparing the SOH of at least one first battery module with a first reference SOH and determining at least one second battery module having an SOH less than the first reference SOH.

15. In claim 14, The step of determining the activation ratio of each of the at least one first battery modules comprises: A battery pack management method comprising the step of determining a sum of activation ratios of the at least one second battery module such that the sum of activation ratios of the at least one second battery module is equal to the activation ratio of one of the first battery modules having an SOH greater than the first reference SOH.

16. In claim 14, The step of determining at least one second battery module is: A battery pack management method comprising a step of determining a smaller SOH among an SOH corresponding to the number of years of use of the battery pack and an SOH corresponding to the number of discharge cycles of the battery pack as the first reference SOH.

17. In claim 14, After the step of determining the sum of the activation ratios of at least one second battery module, A step of determining an activation expectation of each of the at least one second battery module based on the SOH of each of the at least one second battery module; A step of determining an activation ratio of each of the at least one second battery modules based on the activation expectation; and A battery pack management method further comprising the step of controlling an operating cycle of each of the at least one second battery module based on an activation ratio of each of the at least one second battery module.

18. In claim 11, After the step of obtaining the SOC and SOH of each of the above plurality of battery modules, A battery pack management method further comprising the step of comparing the SOC of each of the plurality of battery modules with a first reference SOC, determining a battery module having an SOC less than the first reference SOC as a third battery module, and controlling the third battery module to a disabled state.

19. In claim 11, After the step of determining the activation ratio of each of the at least one first battery modules, A battery pack management method further comprising the step of adjusting the activation ratio of each of the at least one first battery modules so that the sum of the activation ratios of each of the at least one first battery modules is greater than or equal to a predetermined activation ratio required for the battery pack.

20. In claim 11, After the step of determining the activation ratio of each of the at least one first battery modules, A battery pack management method further comprising a step of controlling an operation cycle of each of the at least one first battery module by controlling a first switch disposed in a charge / discharge line of a battery cell included in each of the plurality of battery modules and a second switch disposed in a bypass line connected in parallel with the charge / discharge line, according to the activation ratio.

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