Prach transmission
The method enhances PRACH transmission efficiency in asymmetric DL sTRP/UL mTRP scenarios by enabling PRACH to be directed to micro nodes, improving flexibility and random access procedures.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/087577
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-04-12
- Publication Date
- 2025-02-20
AI Technical Summary
In asymmetric DL sTRP/UL mTRP deployment scenarios, there is a need for enhanced PRACH transmission capabilities to improve flexibility and efficiency, particularly when transmitting to a micro node.
A method and apparatus for a UE to receive a PDCCH order scheduling a PRACH transmission to a micro node, determining a TCI state for the PRACH transmission, and calculating transmit power based on path loss and offset indicators.
This solution enhances the flexibility and efficiency of PRACH transmissions in asymmetric deployment scenarios by allowing PRACH to be directed to micro nodes, improving random access procedures and resource utilization.
Smart Images

Figure CN2024087577_20022025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
PRACH TRANSMISSIONTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates to wireless communications, and more specifically to a physical random access channel (PRACH) transmission.BACKGROUND
[0002] A wireless communication system may include one or multiple network communication devices, such as base stations (BSs) , which may be otherwise known as an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB (gNB) , or other suitable terminology. Each network communication devices, such as a base station may support wireless communications for one or multiple user communication devices, which may be otherwise known as user equipment (UE) , or other suitable terminology. The wireless communication system may support wireless communications with one or multiple user communication devices by utilizing resources of the wireless communication system (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers) . Additionally, the wireless communication system may support wireless communications across various radio access technologies including third generation (3G) radio access technology, fourth generation (4G) radio access technology, fifth generation (5G) radio access technology, among other suitable radio access technologies beyond 5G (e.g., sixth generation (6G) ) .
[0003] In an asymmetric downlink (DL) single transmission reception point (sTRP) / uplink (UL) multi transmission reception point (mTRP) deployment scenario, a UE may receive a DL transmission from a macro gNB, and perform a UL transmission to either the macro gNB or a non-co-located micro node (i.e., a UL TRP) in order to maximize the UL throughput. In this case, the micro node may be only used for UL reception. However, transmission enhancements in the asymmetric DL sTRP / UL mTRP deployment scenario, especially, enhancements on a PRACH transsion in the asymmetric DL sTRP / UL mTRP deployment scenario, are still needed.SUMMARY
[0004] The present disclosure relates to methods, apparatuses, and systems that support a PRACH transmission to a micro node. With the apparatuses and methods, it is possible to improve the flexibility and efficiency of the PRACH transmission in the asymmetric DL sTRP / UL mTRP deployment scenario.
[0005] In some implementations, there is provided a UE. The UE comprises at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the UE to: receive, from a first network device, a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) order scheduling a transmission of a physical random access channel (PRACH) to a second network device; and determine a transmission configuration indication (TCI) state for the transmission of the PRACH.
[0006] In some implementations, there is provided a method performed by the UE. The method comprises: receiving, from a first network device, a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) order scheduling a transmission of a physical random access channel (PRACH) to a second network device; and determining a transmission configuration indication (TCI) state for the transmission of the PRACH.
[0007] In some implementations, there is provided a processor for wireless communication. The processor comprises at least one controller coupled with at least one memory and configured to cause the processor to: receive, from a first network device, a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) order scheduling a transmission of a physical random access channel (PRACH) to a second network device; and determine a transmission configuration indication (TCI) state for the transmission of the PRACH.
[0008] In some implementations of the method and the UE described herein, the TCI state may be determined as a TCI state for a further transmission to the second network device, the further transmission comprising one of the following: a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) transmission, a physical sidelink shared channel (PUSCH) transmission, or a sounding reference signal (SRS) transmission.
[0009] In some implementations of the method and the UE described herein, the TCI state may be determined as a TCI state indicated in downlink control information (DCI) carrying the PDCCH order.
[0010] In some implementations of the method and the UE described herein, a DCI carrying the PDCCH order comprises an indication indicating that the PRACH is to be transmitted to the second network device, and the UE may be caused to further determine that the PRACH is to be transmitted to the second network device based on the indication.
[0011] Some implementations of the method and the UE described herein may further include determining a path loss (PL) based on a PL reference signal (RS) for determining transmit power of the transmission.
[0012] In some implementations of the method and the UE described herein, the PL RS may be determined as a downlink (DL) RS to which a demodulation RS (DM-RS) of the PDCCH order is quasi-collocated. Some implementations of the method and the UE described herein may further include determining a PL offset for determining the transmit power of the transmission as a PL offset associated with a TCI state for a transmission of the PDCCH order. Some implementations of the method and the UE described herein may further include determining a PL offset for determining the transmit power of the transmission as a PL offset indicated in a DCI carrying the PDCCH order. Some implementations of the method and the UE described herein may further include determining a PL offset for determining the transmit power of the transmission as a PL offset associated with the TCI state.
[0013] In some implementations of the method and the UE described herein, the PL RS may be determined as a synchronization signal block (SSB) indicated in a DCI carrying the PDCCH order. Some implementations of the method and the UE described herein may further include determining a PL offset for determining the transmit power of the transmission as a PL offset associated with the SSB. Some implementations of the method and the UE described herein may further include determining a PL offset for determining the transmit power of the transmission as a PL offset indicated in a DCI carrying the PDCCH order. Some implementations of the method and the UE described herein may further include determining a PL offset for determining the transmit power of the transmission as a PL offset associated with the TCI state.
[0014] In some implementations of the method and the UE described herein, the PL RS may be determined as a PL RS associated with the TCI state. Some implementations of the method and the UE described herein may further include determining a PL offset for determining the transmit power of the transmission as a PL offset associated with the TCI state. Some implementations of the method and the UE described herein may further include receiving, from the first network device, a media access control (MAC) control element (CE) , the MAC CE indicating an updated PL offset associated with the TCI state; and updating the PL offset associated with the TCI state based on the MAC CE. In some implementations of the method and the UE described herein, the MAC CE may indicate a PL offset configuration identifier (ID) associated with the TCI state, the PL offset configuration ID being associated with a value of the updated PL offset associated with the TCI state. In some implementations of the method and the UE described herein, the MAC CE may indicate a value of the updated PL offset associated with the TCI state.
[0015] In some implementations of the method and the UE described herein, the TCI state may comprise one of the following: a joint TCI state; or an uplink (UL) TCI state.
[0016] In some implementations, there is provided a first network device. The communication device comprises at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the first network device to: transmit, to a user equipment (UE) , a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) order scheduling a transmission of a physical random access channel (PRACH) from the UE to a second network device.
[0017] In some implementations, there is provided a method performed by the first network device. The method comprises: transmitting, to a user equipment (UE) , a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) order scheduling a transmission of a physical random access channel (PRACH) from the UE to a second network device.
[0018] In some implementations, there is provided a processor for wireless communication. The processor comprises at least one controller coupled with at least one memory and configured to cause the processor to: transmit, to a user equipment (UE) , a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) order scheduling a transmission of a physical random access channel (PRACH) from the UE to a second network device.
[0019] In some implementations of the method and the first network device described herein, downlink control information (DCI) carrying the PDCCH order may indicate a transmission configuration indication (TCI) state for the transmission.
[0020] In some implementations of the method and the first network device described herein, a DCI carrying the PDCCH order may comprise an indication indicating that the PRACH is to be transmitted to the second network device.
[0021] In some implementations of the method and the first network device described herein, a DCI carrying the PDCCH order may indicate a path loss (PL) offset for the transmission.
[0022] Some implementations of the method and the first network device described herein may further include transmitting, to the UE, a media access control (MAC) control element (CE) , the MAC CE indicating an updated PL offset associated with the TCI state. In some implementations of the method and the first network device described herein, the MAC CE may indicate a PL offset configuration identifier (ID) associated with the TCI state, the PL offset configuration ID being associated with a value of the updated PL offset associated with the TCI state. In some implementations of the method and the first network device described herein, the MAC CE may indicate a value of the updated PL offset associated with the TCI state.
[0023] In some implementations of the method and the first network device described herein, the TCI state may comprise one of the following: a joint TCI state; or an uplink (UL) TCI state.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0024] FIG. 1A illustrates an example of a wireless communication system that supports a PRACH transmission in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure;
[0025] FIG. 1B illustrates an example communication system that supports a PRACH transmission in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure;
[0026] FIG. 2 illustrates an example process flow in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0027] FIG. 3 illustrates another example communication system in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure;
[0028] FIG. 4 illustrates another example process flow in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0029] FIGS. 5A and 5B illustrate two examples of media access control (MAC) control element (CE) in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0030] FIG. 6 illustrates an example of a device in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure;
[0031] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a processor in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure; and
[0032] FIGS. 8 through 9 illustrate flowcharts of methods that support a PRACH transmission in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0033] Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar elements.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0034] Principles of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some embodiments. It is to be understood that these embodiments are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitation as to the scope of the disclosure. The disclosure described herein may be implemented in various manners other than the ones described below. In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
[0035] References in the present disclosure to “one embodiment, ” “an example embodiment, ” “an embodiment, ” “some embodiments, ” and the like indicate that the embodiment (s) described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but it is not necessary that every embodiment includes the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment (s) . Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to affect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described.
[0036] It shall be understood that although the terms “first” and “second” or the like may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another element. For example, a first element could also be termed as a second element, and similarly, a second element could also be termed as a first element, without departing from the scope of embodiments. As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the listed terms. In some examples, values, procedures, or apparatuses are referred to as “best, ” “lowest, ” “highest, ” “minimum, ” “maximum, ” or the like. It will be appreciated that such descriptions are intended to indicate that a selection among many used functional alternatives can be made, and such selections need not be better, smaller, higher, or otherwise preferable to other selections.
[0037] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of embodiments. As used herein, the singular forms “a, ” “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises, ” “comprising, ” “has, ” “having, ” “includes” and / or “including, ” when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, elements, components and / or the like, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components and / or combinations thereof. For example, the term “includes” and its variants are to be read as open terms that mean “includes, but is not limited to. ” The term “based on” is to be read as “based at least in part on. ” The term “one embodiment” and “an embodiment” are to be read as “at least one embodiment. ” The term “another embodiment” is to be read as “at least one other embodiment. ” The use of an expression such as “A and / or B” can mean either “only A” or “only B” or “both A and B. ” Other definitions, explicit and implicit, may be included below.
[0038] As used herein, the term “communication network” refers to a network following any suitable communication standards, such as, 5G new radio (NR) , LTE, LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) , Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) , High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA) , Narrow Band Internet of Things (NB-IoT) , and so on. Further, the communications between a UE and a network device in the communication network may be performed according to any suitable generation communication protocols, including but not limited to, the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , 2.5G, 2.75G, the third generation (3G) , the 4G, 4.5G, the 5G communication protocols, and / or any other protocols either currently known or to be developed in the future. Embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied in various communication systems. Given the rapid development in communications, there will also be future type communication technologies and systems in which the present disclosure may be embodied. It should not be seen as limiting the scope of the present disclosure to only the aforementioned systems.
[0039] As used herein, the term “network device” generally refers to a node in a communication network via which a UE can access the communication network and receive services therefrom. The network device may refer to a base station (BS) or an access point (AP) , for example, a node B (NodeB or NB) , a radio access network (RAN) node, an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a NR NB (also referred to as a gNB) , a Remote Radio Unit (RRU) , a radio header (RH) , an infrastructure device for a vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication, a transmission and reception point (TRP) , a reception point (RP) , a remote radio head (RRH) , a relay, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a low power node such as a femto a base station (BS) , a pico BS, and so forth, depending on the applied terminology and technology. The network device may further refer to a network function (NF) in the core network, for example, a service management function (SMF) , an access and mobility management function (AMF) , a policy control function (PCF) , a user plane function (UPF) or devices with same function in future network architectures, and so forth.
[0040] As used herein, the term “user equipment (UE) ” generally refers to any end device that may be capable of wireless communications. By way of example rather than a limitation, a UE may also be referred to as a communication device, a terminal device, an end user device, a subscriber station (SS) , an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) , a portable subscriber station, a mobile station (MS) , or an access terminal (AT) . The UE may include, but is not limited to, a mobile phone, a cellular phone, a smart phone, a voice over IP (VoIP) phone, a wireless local loop phone, a tablet, a wearable UE, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a portable computer, a desktop computer, an image capture UE such as a digital camera, a gaming UE, a music storage and playback appliance, a vehicle-mounted wireless UE, a wireless endpoint, a mobile station, laptop-embedded equipment (LEE) , laptop-mounted equipment (LME) , a USB dongle, a smart device, wireless customer-premises equipment (CPE) , an Internet of Things (loT) device, a watch or other wearable, a head-mounted display (HMD) , a vehicle, a drone, a medical device (for example, a remote surgery device) , an industrial device (for example, a robot and / or other wireless devices operating in an industrial and / or an automated processing chain contexts) , a consumer electronics device, a device operating on commercial and / or industrial wireless networks, and the like. In the following description, the terms: “UE, ” “communication device, ” “terminal, ” and “UE, ” may be used interchangeably.
[0041] As mentioned above, in the asymmetric DL sTRP / UL mTRP deployment scenario, a UE may receive a DL transmission from a macro gNB, and perform a UL transmission to either the macro gNB or a non-co-located micro node (i.e., a UL TRP) which is only used for UL reception in order to maximize the UL throughput. The macro gNB and the micro node may differ in power rating. If a UE transmits a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) / physical sidelink shared channel (PUSCH) / sounding reference signal (SRS) to the macro gNB, the UE may calculate the transmit power based on a DL path loss (PL) reference signal (RS) associated with the joint TCI state / UL TCI state. If a UE transmits a PUSCH / PUCCH / SRS to the micro node, the UE may calculate the transmit power based on the DL PL RS and a PL offset associated with the joint TCI state / UL TCI state.
[0042] A related agreement has been made in the radio access network 1 (RAN 1) #116 as follows:
[0043] In legacy, in a signal downlink control information (S-DCI) based system, a PRACH scheduled by a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) order may be transmitted to acquire the time advance (TA) with a beam corresponding to the indicated SSB in the DCI. Since only the macro gNB may transmit a DL SSB, the PRACH may be only transmitted to the macro gNB. However, if a UE is near the micro node, it may be scheduled to transmit a PRACH to the micro node to save the transmit power. As of now, there is no effective way to support the PRACH transmission to the micro node. Therefore, there is a need for an improved solution for the PRACH transmission to the micro node.
[0044] Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a solution for a PRACH transmission. In one aspect of the solution of the present disclosure, a UE receives, from a first network device (for example, a macro gNB) , a PDCCH order scheduling a transmission of a PRACH to a second network device (for example, a micro node) . Moreover, the UE determines a TCI state (for example, joint / UL TCI state) for the transmission of the PRACH.
[0045] By allowing the PRACH transmission to the second network device, it is possible to improve the flexibility and efficiency of the random access procedure between the UE and the network side.
[0046] Principles and implementations of embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the figures.
[0047] FIG. 1A illustrates an example of a wireless communication system (or referred to as a communication network) 100 that supports a PRACH transmission in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communication system 100 may include one or more network entities 102 (also referred to as network equipment) , one or more UEs 104, a core network 106, and a packet data network 108. The wireless communication system 100 may support various radio access technologies. In some implementations, the wireless communication system 100 may be a 4G network, such as an LTE network or an LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) network. In some other implementations, the wireless communication system 100 may be a 5G network, such as an NR network. In other implementations, the wireless communication system 100 may be a combination of a 4G network and a 5G network, or other suitable radio access technology including Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi) , IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) , IEEE 802.20. The wireless communication system 100 may support radio access technologies beyond 5G. Additionally, the wireless communication system 100 may support technologies, such as time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , or code division multiple access (CDMA) , etc.
[0048] The one or more network entities 102 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region to form the wireless communication system 100. One or more of the network entities 102 described herein may be or include or may be referred to as a network node, a base station, a network element, a radio access network (RAN) , a base transceiver station, an access point, a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB (gNB) , or other suitable terminology. A network entity 102 and a UE 104 may communicate via a communication link 110, which may be a wireless or wired connection. For example, a network entity 102 and a UE 104 may perform wireless communication (e.g., receive signaling, transmit signaling) over a Uu interface.
[0049] A network entity 102 may provide a geographic coverage area 112 for which the network entity 102 may support services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc. ) for one or more UEs 104 within the geographic coverage area 112. For example, a network entity 102 and a UE 104 may support wireless communication of signals related to services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc. ) according to one or multiple radio access technologies. In some implementations, a network entity 102 may be moveable, for example, a satellite associated with a non-terrestrial network. In some implementations, different geographic coverage areas 112 associated with the same or different radio access technologies may overlap, but the different geographic coverage areas 112 may be associated with different network entities 102. Information and signals described herein may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.
[0050] The one or more UEs 104 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region of the wireless communication system 100. A UE 104 may include or may be referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a remote unit, a handheld device, or a subscriber device, or some other suitable terminology. In some implementations, the UE 104 may be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, among other examples. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE 104 may be referred to as an Internet-of-Things (IoT) device, an Internet-of-Everything (IoE) device, or machine-type communication (MTC) device, among other examples. In some implementations, a UE 104 may be stationary in the wireless communication system 100. In some other implementations, a UE 104 may be mobile in the wireless communication system 100.
[0051] The one or more UEs 104 may be devices in different forms or having different capabilities. Some examples of UEs 104 are illustrated in FIG. 1A. A UE 104 may be capable of communicating with various types of devices, such as the network entities 102, other UEs 104, or network equipment (e.g., the core network 106, the packet data network 108, a relay device, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, or another network equipment) , as shown in FIG. 1A. Additionally, or alternatively, a UE 104 may support communication with other network entities 102 or UEs 104, which may act as relays in the wireless communication system 100.
[0052] A UE 104 may also be able to support wireless communication directly with other UEs 104 over a communication link 114. For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a device-to-device (D2D) communication link. In some implementations, such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) deployments, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) deployments, or cellular-V2X deployments, the communication link 114 may be referred to as a sidelink. For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a PC5 interface.
[0053] A network entity 102 may support communications with the core network 106, or with another network entity 102, or both. For example, a network entity 102 may interface with the core network 106 through one or more backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an S1, N2, N2, or another network interface) . The network entities 102 may communicate with each other over the backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an X2, Xn, or another network interface) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 may communicate with each other directly (e.g., between the network entities 102) . In some other implementations, the network entities 102 may communicate with each other indirectly (e.g., via the core network 106) . In some implementations, one or more network entities 102 may include subcomponents, such as an access network entity, which may be an example of an access node controller (ANC) . An ANC may communicate with the one or more UEs 104 through one or more other access network transmission entities, which may be referred to as a radio heads, smart radio heads, or transmission-reception points (TRPs) .
[0054] In some implementations, a network entity 102 may be configured in a disaggregated architecture, which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack physically or logically distributed among two or more network entities 102, such as an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open RAN (O-RAN) (e.g., a network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance) , or a virtualized RAN (vRAN) (e.g., a cloud RAN (C-RAN) ) . For example, a network entity 102 may include one or more of a central unit (CU) , a distributed unit (DU) , a radio unit (RU) , a RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) (e.g., a Near-Real Time RIC (Near-RT RIC) , a Non-Real Time RIC (Non-RT RIC) ) , a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) system, or any combination thereof.
[0055] An RU may also be referred to as a radio head, a smart radio head, a remote radio head (RRH) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , or a transmission reception point (TRP) . One or more components of the network entities 102 in a disaggregated RAN architecture may be co-located, or one or more components of the network entities 102 may be located in distributed locations (e.g., separate physical locations) . In some implementations, one or more network entities 102 of a disaggregated RAN architecture may be implemented as virtual units (e.g., a virtual CU (VCU) , a virtual DU (VDU) , a virtual RU (VRU) ) .
[0056] Split of functionality between a CU, a DU, and an RU may be flexible and may support different functionalities depending upon which functions (e.g., network layer functions, protocol layer functions, baseband functions, radio frequency functions, and any combinations thereof) are performed at a CU, a DU, or an RU. For example, a functional split of a protocol stack may be employed between a CU and a DU such that the CU may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the DU may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. In some implementations, the CU may host upper protocol layer (e.g., a layer 3 (L3) , a layer 2 (L2) ) functionality and signaling (e.g., radio resource control (RRC) , service data adaption protocol (SDAP) , Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) ) . The CU may be connected to one or more DUs or RUs, and the one or more DUs or RUs may host lower protocol layers, such as a layer 1 (L1) (e.g., physical (PHY) layer) or an L2 (e.g., radio link control (RLC) layer, MAC layer) functionality and signaling, and may each be at least partially controlled by the CU.
[0057] Additionally, or alternatively, a functional split of the protocol stack may be employed between a DU and an RU such that the DU may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the RU may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. The DU may support one or multiple different cells (e.g., via one or more RUs) . In some implementations, a functional split between a CU and a DU, or between a DU and an RU may be within a protocol layer (e.g., some functions for a protocol layer may be performed by one of a CU, a DU, or an RU, while other functions of the protocol layer are performed by a different one of the CU, the DU, or the RU) .
[0058] A CU may be functionally split further into CU control plane (CU-CP) and CU user plane (CU-UP) functions. A CU may be connected to one or more DUs via a midhaul communication link (e.g., F1, F1-c, F1-u) , and a DU may be connected to one or more RUs via a fronthaul communication link (e.g., open fronthaul (FH) interface) . In some implementations, a midhaul communication link or a fronthaul communication link may be implemented in accordance with an interface (e.g., a channel) between layers of a protocol stack supported by respective network entities 102 that are in communication via such communication links.
[0059] The core network 106 may support user authentication, access authorization, tracking, connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The core network 106 may be an evolved packet core (EPC) , or a 5G core (5GC) , which may include a control plane entity that manages access and mobility (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME) , an access and mobility management functions (AMF) ) and a user plane entity that routes packets or interconnects to external networks (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW) , a Packet Data Network (PDN) gateway (P-GW) , or a user plane function (UPF) ) . In some implementations, the control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions, such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management (e.g., data bearers, signal bearers, etc. ) for the one or more UEs 104 served by the one or more network entities 102 associated with the core network 106.
[0060] The core network 106 may communicate with the packet data network 108 over one or more backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an S1, N2, N2, or another network interface) . The packet data network 108 may include an application server 118. In some implementations, one or more UEs 104 may communicate with the application server 118. A UE 104 may establish a session (e.g., a protocol data unit (PDU) session, or the like) with the core network 106 via a network entity 102. The core network 106 may route traffic (e.g., control information, data, and the like) between the UE 104 and the application server 118 using the established session (e.g., the established PDU session) . The PDU session may be an example of a logical connection between the UE 104 and the core network 106 (e.g., one or more network functions of the core network 106) .
[0061] In the wireless communication system 100, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may use resources of the wireless communication system 100 (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers) ) to perform various operations (e.g., wireless communications) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support different resource structures. For example, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support different frame structures. In some implementations, such as in 4G, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support a single frame structure. In some other implementations, such as in 5G and among other suitable radio access technologies, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures (i.e., multiple frame structures) . The network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures based on one or more numerologies.
[0062] One or more numerologies may be supported in the wireless communication system 100, and a numerology may include a subcarrier spacing and a cyclic prefix. A first numerology (e.g., μ=0) may be associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. In some implementations, the first numerology (e.g., μ=0) associated with the first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may utilize one slot per subframe. A second numerology (e.g., μ=1) may be associated with a second subcarrier spacing (e.g., 30 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A third numerology (e.g., μ=2) may be associated with a third subcarrier spacing (e.g., 60 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix or an extended cyclic prefix. A fourth numerology (e.g., μ=3) may be associated with a fourth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 120 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A fifth numerology (e.g., μ=4) may be associated with a fifth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 240 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix.
[0063] A time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to frames (also referred to as radio frames) . Each frame may have a duration, for example, a 10 millisecond (ms) duration. In some implementations, each frame may include multiple subframes. For example, each frame may include 10 subframes, and each subframe may have a duration, for example, a 1 ms duration. In some implementations, each frame may have the same duration. In some implementations, each subframe of a frame may have the same duration.
[0064] Additionally or alternatively, a time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to slots. For example, a subframe may include a number (e.g., quantity) of slots. The number of slots in each subframe may also depend on the one or more numerologies supported in the wireless communication system 100. For instance, the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth numerologies (i.e., μ=0, μ=1, μ=2, μ=3, μ=4) associated with respective subcarrier spacings of 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz, 120 kHz, and 240 kHz may utilize a single slot per subframe, two slots per subframe, four slots per subframe, eight slots per subframe, and 16 slots per subframe, respectively. Each slot may include a number (e.g., quantity) of symbols (e.g., OFDM symbols) . In some implementations, the number (e.g., quantity) of slots for a subframe may depend on a numerology. For a normal cyclic prefix, a slot may include 14 symbols. For an extended cyclic prefix (e.g., applicable for 60 kHz subcarrier spacing) , a slot may include 12 symbols. The relationship between the number of symbols per slot, the number of slots per subframe, and the number of slots per frame for a normal cyclic prefix and an extended cyclic prefix may depend on a numerology. It should be understood that reference to a first numerology (e.g., μ=0) associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may be used interchangeably between subframes and slots.
[0065] In the wireless communication system 100, an electromagnetic (EM) spectrum may be split, based on frequency or wavelength, into various classes, frequency bands, frequency channels, etc. By way of example, the wireless communication system 100 may support one or multiple operating frequency bands, such as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz –7.125 GHz) , FR2 (24.25 GHz –52.6 GHz) , FR3 (7.125 GHz –24.25 GHz) , FR4 (52.6 GHz –114.25 GHz) , FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz –71 GHz) , and FR5 (114.25 GHz –300 GHz) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may perform wireless communications over one or more of the operating frequency bands. In some implementations, FR1 may be used by the network entities 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for cellular communications traffic (e.g., control information, data) . In some implementations, FR2 may be used by the network entities 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for short-range, high data rate capabilities.
[0066] FR1 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least three numerologies) . For example, FR1 may be associated with a first numerology (e.g., μ=0) , which includes 15 kHz subcarrier spacing; a second numerology (e.g., μ=1) , which includes 30 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a third numerology (e.g., μ=2) , which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing. FR2 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least 2 numerologies) . For example, FR2 may be associated with a third numerology (e.g., μ=2) , which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a fourth numerology (e.g., μ=3) , which includes 120 kHz subcarrier spacing.
[0067] FIG. 1B illustrates an example communication system 120 that supports a PRACH transmission in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. FIG. 1B illustrates similar entities or functions as shown in FIG. 1A. For example, the details discussed above regarding the network entities 102 and the UE 104 with reference to FIG. 1A applies to FIG. 1B. For the purpose of simplification, the details will be omitted.
[0068] As shown in FIG. 1B, the communication system 120 may include a UE 121, a macro gNB 122, and a plurality of micro nodes 123-1, 123-2, …, 123-N (where N represents any suitable positive integer) . The macro gNB 122 may perform a DL transmission to the UE 121 or perform a UL reception from the UE 121. The plurality of micro nodes 123-1, 123-2, …, 123-N may only perform a UL reception from the UE 121, without a capability for the DL transmission to the UE 121.
[0069] In some embodiments, the macro gNB 122 may transmit, to the UE 121, a PDCCH order to schedule a PRACH transmission to a micro node of the plurality of micro nodes 123-1, 123-2, …, 123-N. For example, the macro gNB 122 may indicate the micro node to which the PRACH is to be transmitted in downlink control information (DCI) carrying the PDCCH order. The UE 121 may then perform the PRACH transmission to the indicated micro node.
[0070] It is to be understood that the devices shown in the communication system 120 are only for the purpose of illustration, without suggesting any limitation to the scope of the present disclosure. In some example embodiments, the communication system 120 may comprise one or more further devices.
[0071] The communications in the communication system 120 may follow any suitable communication standards or protocols, which are already in existence or to be developed in the future, such as Universal Mobile Telecommunication system (UMTS) , long term evolution (LTE) , LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) , the fifth generation (5G) New Radio (NR) , 6G, Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) and Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) standards, and employs any suitable communication technologies, including, for example, Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) , Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) , time division multiplexing (TDM) , frequency division multiplexing (FDM) , code division multiplexing (CDM) , Bluetooth, ZigBee, and machine type communication (MTC) , enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) , massive machine type communication (mMTC) , ultra-reliable low latency communication (URLLC) , Carrier Aggregation (CA) , Dual Connection (DC) , and New Radio Unlicensed (NR-U) technologies.
[0072] FIG. 2 illustrates an example process flow 200 in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the process 200 will be described with reference to FIG. 1B. The process 200 may involve a UE 201, a first network device 202, and a second network device 203. For example, the UE 201 may be implemented by the UE 121 as shown in FIG. 1B. For example, the first network device 202 may be implemented by the macro gNB 122 as shown in FIG. 1B. For example, the second network device 203 may be implemented by a micro node (for example, the micro node 123-1) as shown in FIG. 1B. It is to be understood that the steps and the order of the steps in FIG. 2 are merely for illustration, and not for limitation. It is to be understood that the process 200 may further include additional blocks not shown and / or omit some shown blocks, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this regard.
[0073] As shown in FIG. 2, the first network device 202 transmits (205) , to the UE 201, a PDCCH order scheduling a transmission of a PRACH to the second network device 203. Accordingly, the UE 121 receives the PDCCH order from the first network device 202.
[0074] After receiving the PDCCH order, the UE 201 may determine that the destination of the scheduled PRACH transmission is the second network device 203. In some embodiments, to allow the UE 201 to determine whether the PRACH is to be transmitted to the macro gNB (i.e., the first network device 202) or a micro node (for example, the second network device 203, or a further micro node, such as one of the micro nodes 123-2, …, 123-N) , a DCI (for example, DCI format 1_0) carrying the PDCCH order may comprise an indication indicating the network device to which the PRACH is to be transmitted. In this case, if the DCI comprises an indication indicating that the PRACH is to be transmitted to the second network device 203, the UE 201 may determine that the PRACH transmission is targeted at the second network device 203. In some implementations, such indication may be comprised in a new field or the PRACH association indicator field in the DCI format 1_0 that schedules the PRACH transmission.
[0075] In some examples where the UE 201 transmits a UL channel / signal to up to N micro nodes (for example, the plurality of micro nodes 123-1, 123-2, …, 123-N) , and at least one configured TCI state (for example, joint / UL TCI state) is associated with a PL offset, the above field may comprise log2 (N+1) bit (s) for indicating the destination of the PRACH transmission, otherwise, this field may comprise 0 bit. Different states (or in other words, different values) of this field may mean the PRACH is to be transmitted to the the macro gNB (i.e., the first network device 202) or to which micro node (for example, the second network device 203) . For example, the first state may mean the PRACH is to be transmitted to the macro gNB (i.e., the first network device 202) , and the second state may mean the PRACH is to be transmitted to a micro node (for example, the second network device 203, such as, the micro node 123-1) and the third state may mean the PRACH is to be transmitted to another micro node (for example, the micro node 123-2) and so on.
[0076] As an example implementation, if the UE 201 may transmit a UL channel / signal to one micro node (for example, the second network device 203) , and at least one configured joint / UL TCI state is associated with a PL offset, the above field may comprise 1 bit for indicating the destination of the PRACH transmission, otherwise, this field may comprise 0 bit. As an example, the bit field index (in other words, field value) “0” of this field may mean that the PRACH is to be transmitted to the first network device 202, and the bit field index “1” of this field may mean that the PRACH is to be transmitted to the second network device 203.
[0077] After determining that the PRACH is to be transmitted to the second network device 203, considering that a macro gNB and a micro node may differ in power rating, the transmit beam (i.e., the TCI state) , the PL RS, and the PL offset of the PRACH transmission to the macro gNB and the micro node may be different. In the following, discussions will be made in terms of the transmit beam, the PL RS, and the PL offset respectively in detail.
[0078] Discussions are first made with respect to the transmit beam (in other words, the TCI state, for example, the joint / UL TCI state) for the PRACH transmission. As shown in FIG. 2, the UE 201 determines (210) a TCI state for the transmission of the PRACH. The TCI state for the PRACH transmission may be determined in a variety of ways.
[0079] In some embodiments, the TCI state may be determined as a TCI state for a further transmission to the second network device. The further transmission may comprise one of a PUCCH transmission, a PUSCH transmission, or an SRS transmission. In other words, the indicated TCI state for the PUCCH / PUSCH / SRS transmission to the second network device 203 may be applied for the PRACH transmission to the second network device 203.
[0080] In some examples, in the asymmetric DL sTRP / UL mTRP deployment scenario, the UE 201 may be indicated up to X TCI states for the PUCCH / PUSCH / SRS transmission to X micro nodes and each TCI state may be associated with a PL offset for the PUCCH / PUSCH / SRS transmission to each micro node. In this case, if a micro node (for example, the micro node 123-Y) to which the PRACH is to be transmitted is the Yth micro node, the Yth indicated joint / UL TCI state may used for the PRACH transmission. As an example implementation, if the second network device 203 (for example, the micro node 123-1) is the first micro node, the first indicated joint / UL TCI state may used for the PRACH transmission.
[0081] As an example implementation, the UE 201 may transmit a PUCCH / PUSCH / SRS to two micro nodes (for example, the second network device 203 (such as the micro node 123-1) , and the micro node 123-2, also referred to as the first micro node and the second micro node respectively) and may be indicated with two UL TCI states (also referred to as a first UL TCI state and a second UL TCI state respectively) . Each joint / UL TCI state may be associated with a PL offset for the PUCCH / PUSCH / SRS transmission. The first UL TCI state may be used for the UL transmission to the first micro node, and the second UL TCI state may be used for the UL transmission to the second micro node. In this case, the field in the PDCCH order for indicating the PRACH is to be transmitted to which micro node may comprise 2 bits. For example, the field value “00” may mean that the PRACH is to be transmitted to the macro gNB (i.e., the first network device 201) , the field value “01” may mean that the PRACH is to be transmitted to the first micro node (i.e., the micro node 123-1) and the field value “10” may mean that the PRACH is to be transmitted to the second micro node (i.e., the micro node 123-2) . If the field value is “01” , the UE 201 may determine that the PRACH may be transmitted with the first UL TCI state corresponding to the first micro node. If the field value is “10” , the UE 201 may determine that the PRACH may be transmitted with the second UL TCI state corresponding to the second micro node.
[0082] In some other embodiments, the TCI state may be determined as a TCI state indicated in the DCI carrying the PDCCH order (e.g., DCI format 1_0) . In this case, a TCI state may be indicated for the PRACH transmission to the second network device 203 in the DCI format 1_0. For example, in the asymmetric DL sTRP / UL mTRP deployment scenario, the PRACH transmission may be performed using a different TCI state from other UL channel / signal transmission (for example, the above PUCCH / PUSCH / SRS transmission) . In other words, a dedicated TCI state may be indicated in the DCI format 1_0 that also schedules the PRACH transmission, and the dedicated TCI state may be used for the PRACH transmission to the second network device 203. For example, the TCI state indication field may be present if at least one configured TCI state is associated with a PL offset. At different times, different TCI states may be indicated in the DCI format 1_0 for the PRACH transmission, for example, if the UE 201 is moving.
[0083] Discussions are now made for the determination of the PL RS, based on which, the UE 201 may determine a PL for determining the transmit power of the PRACH transmission. The PL RS may be determined in multiple ways.
[0084] In some embodiments, the PL RS may be determined as a DL RS to which a demodulation RS (DM-RS) of the PDCCH order is quasi-collocated. In other words, the DL RS to which the DM-RS of the PDCCH carrying the DCI format 1_0 is quasi-collocated may be used as the PL RS for the determination of the PL. For example, in this case, the PL RS used for path loss estimation for the PRACH transmission may be different from that for the PUCCH / PUSCH / SRS transmission to the second network device 203.
[0085] In some other embodiments, considering that the DCI may indicate an SSB for determining the PRACH transmission occasion, the PL RS for the PRACH transmission may be based on the indicated SSB. In other words, the UE 201 may determine the PL RS as an SSB indicated in the DCI scheduling the transmission of PRACH. For example, in this case, the PL RS used for path loss estimation for the PRACH transmission may be different from that for the PUCCH / PUSCH / SRS transmission to the second network device 203.
[0086] In some further embodiments, considering that each joint TCI state or UL TCI state may be associated with a PL RS in the unified TCI framework, the PL RS used for path loss estimation for the PRACH transmission may be determined as the PL RS associated with the TCI state for the PRACH transmission corresponding to the second network device 203. In this way, it is allowed to ensure that the PL RS associated with the TCI state can match the TCI state better.
[0087] Since the PL is obtained based on the above-determined PL RS from the first network device 202, the PL offset may need to be considered for determining the transmit power for the PRACH transmission to the second network device 203. The PL for the PRACH transmission may then be derived from the PL RS and the PL offset. The PL offset may be determined in several approaches.
[0088] In some embodiments, considering that each TCI state is associated with a PL offset, the PL offset for the PRACH transmission may be determined as the PL offset associated with the TCI state. In other words, the PL offset associated with the TCI state applied for the PRACH transmission may be used for calculating the transmit power of the PRACH transmission. In some implementations, the PL offset associated with the TCI state may be updated if needed, which will be discussed with reference to FIGS. 4 to 5B in detail.
[0089] In the other embodiments where the PL RS is determined as the DL RS to which the DM-RS of the PDCCH order is quasi-collocated or the indicated SSB as described above, the determined PL RS for the PRACH transmission may be different from that for the PUCCH / PUSCH / SRS transmission. In this case, a different PL offset for the PRACH transmission from that for the PUCCH / PUSCH / SRS transmission may need to be considered to ensure the UL PL (which equals the DL PL estimated from a PL RS plus the PL offset) to the second network device 203 may be same for different UL channel / signals. In some implementations, the PL offset for the transmission of PRACH may be determined as the PL offset indicated in the DCI carrying the PDCCH order. In this case, a dedicated PL offset may be indicated in the DCI format 1_0. In the implementations where the PL RS is determined as the DL RS to which the DM-RS of the PDCCH order is quasi-collocated, the PL offset for the PRACH transmission may be determined as a PL offset associated with a TCI state for a transmission of the PDCCH order. In this case, a dedicated PL offset may be associated with a joint / DL TCI state. In the implementations where the PL RS is determined as the indicated SSB, the PL offset for the PRACH transmission may be determined as a PL offset associated with the SSB. In this case, a dedicated PL offset may be associated with an SSB.
[0090] The following example implementation in the frequency range (FR2) will be discussed as example for the transmit power determination for the PRACH transmission. The activated UL TCI states by a MAC CE may be shown in the following Table 1. For a TCI codepoint corresponding to a pair of UL TCI states, the first UL TCI state may be used for the PUCCH / PUSCH / SRS transmission to the macro gNB, and the associated PL offset may be 0 dB, and the second UL TCI state may be used for the PUCCH / PUSCH / SRS transmission to the micro node and the associated PL offset may be shown in the third column in the Table 1. The PL offset value “none” may mean that the UL TCI state is not associated with a PL offset, then the default PL offset value may be 0 dB, and the UL TCI state may be used for the UL transmission to the macro gNB. For a TCI codepoint corresponding to one UL TCI state, the PUCCH / PUSCH / SRS transmission is to only the macro gNB or only to the micro node may depend on whether the associated PL offset value is 0 dB.
[0091] Table 1: Activated UL TCI states by MAC CE
[0092] In this example implementation, in the cases where the TCI state for the PRACH transmission is determined as the same as the TCI state for the PUCCH / PUSCH / SRS transmission, if TCI codepoint “000” is indicated for the PUCCH / PUSCH / SRS transmission, and the scheduled PRACH is to be transmitted to the second network device 203, the PRACH may be transmitted with the UL TCI state 2 since UL TCI state 2 is associated with a non-zero PL offset for the PUCCH / PUSCH / SRS transmission to the second network device 203, and the transmit power for PRACH transmission may be determined based on the PL RS associated with the UL TCI state 2 with the PL offset value “-1dB” .
[0093] Alternatively or additionally, in this example implementation, in the cases where the TCI state of the transmission of PRACH is determined as a dedicated TCI state indicated in the DCI carrying the PDCCH order, if the TCI codepoint indicated in DCI format 1_0 is “110” , then the PRACH may be transmitted to the second network device 203 with the UL TCI state 11, and the transmit power of the PRACH transmission may be determined based on the PL RS associated with the UL TCI state 11 with the PL offset value “-2dB” .
[0094] According to some embodiments with reference to FIG. 2, there is provided an improved solution to facilitate the PRACH transmission to the second network device. In this way, it is possible to improve the flexibility and efficiency of the random access procedure between the UE and the network side.
[0095] FIG. 3 illustrates another example communication system 300 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. FIG. 3 illustrates similar entities or functions as shown in FIG. 1A. For example, the details discussed above regarding the network entities 102 and the UE 104 with reference to FIG. 1A applies to FIG. 3. For the purpose of simplification, the details will be omitted.
[0096] As shown in FIG. 3, the communication system 300 may include a UE 301, a macro gNB 302, and two micro nodes 303-1 and 303-2. The macro gNB 302 may perform a DL transmission to the UE 301 or perform a UL reception from the UE 301. The micro nodes 303-1 and 303-2 may only perform a UL reception from the UE 301, without a capability for the DL transmission to the UE 301.
[0097] It is to be understood that the devices shown in the communication system 300 are only for the purpose of illustration, without suggesting any limitation to the scope of the present disclosure. In some example embodiments, the communication system 300 may comprise one or more further devices.
[0098] The communications in the communication system 300 may follow any suitable communication standards or protocols, which are already in existence or to be developed in the future, such as Universal Mobile Telecommunication system (UMTS) , long term evolution (LTE) , LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) , the fifth generation (5G) New Radio (NR) , 6G, Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) and Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) standards, and employs any suitable communication technologies, including, for example, Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) , Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) , time division multiplexing (TDM) , frequency division multiplexing (FDM) , code division multiplexing (CDM) , Bluetooth, ZigBee, and machine type communication (MTC) , enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) , massive machine type communication (mMTC) , ultra-reliable low latency communication (URLLC) , Carrier Aggregation (CA) , Dual Connection (DC) , and New Radio Unlicensed (NR-U) technologies.
[0099] In some embodiments, the macro gNB 302 may transmit, to the UE 301, a DCI to schedule a UL transmission (for example, a PUSCH / PUCCH / SRS / PRACH transmission) to a micro node of the micro nodes 303-1 and 303-2. The PL offset associated with the indicated TCI state may be used for determining the transmit power for the UL transmission.
[0100] As shown in FIG. 3, when the UE 301 is moving, the PL offset configured by the RRC configuration may be outdated. For example, at time t1, the UE 301 is indicated to transmit a UL channel / signal with the beam 304-1 and the beam 304-2 to the macro gNB 302 and the micro node 303-1 respectively. At time t2, the UE 301 is indicated to transmit a UL channel / signal with the beam 304-2 and the beam 304-3 to the macro gNB 302 and the micro node 303-2 respectively. At different times, the UE 301 may use the same beam (i.e., the beam 304-2 ) for the UL transmission to the macro gNB 302 and the micro node 303-1, but the PL offset (i.e., the PL offset associated with the beam 304-2) to the macro gNB 302 and the micro node 303-1 may be totally different. Therefore, compared to the RRC signaling, more dynamic MAC CE-based PL offset updating may be needed.
[0101] In the RAN 1 #116 meeting, the MAC CE was proposed to update the PL offset. The related agreement was made as follows:
[0102] Reference is made to FIG. 4 which illustrates another example process flow in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure, to discuss the MAC CE-based method for updating the PL offset in the asymmetric DL sTRP / UL mTRP deployment scenario. For the purpose of discussion, the process 400 will be described with reference to FIG. 3. It is to be understood that the steps and the order of the steps in FIG. 4 are merely for illustration, and not for limitation. It is to be understood that the process 400 may further include additional blocks not shown and / or omit some shown blocks, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this regard.
[0103] As shown in FIG. 4, the macro gNB 302 transmits (405) , to the UE 301, a MAC CE indicating an updated PL offset associated with a TCI state. On this basis, the UE 301 updates (410) the PL offset associated with the TCI state.
[0104] In some embodiments, a PL offset configuration may be introduced to be associated with a TCI state (for example, joint TCI state / UL TCI state) , and the MAC CE may be used to update the PL offset configuration associated with the TCI state. For example, multiple PL offset configurations may be configured in a serving cell and different PL offset configurations may correspond to different PL offset values. In this case, to update the value of PL offset, the MAC CE may update a PL offset configuration identifier (ID) associated with the TCI state, and the PL offset configuration ID may be associated with a value of the updated PL offset associated with the TCI state.
[0105] As an example, a TCI state may be configured to be associated with a PL offset configuration by an RRC signaling as follows (where the value of the PL offset may be X bits after quantization or Y dB) :
[0106] Alternatively or additionally, a TCI state may be configured to be associated with a PL offset configuration by a unified TCI State Activation / Deactivation MAC CE.
[0107] When the PL offset configuration associated with the TCI state is outdated, a new MAC CE may be introduced to update the association between the TCI state and a PL offset configuration. Then, as the PL offset configuration associated with the TCI state is updated, the associated PL offset value may also be updated. The total number of PL offset configurations may be Y, and in this case, the PL offset configuration indication may comprise ceil (log2Y) bits. For example, the total number of PL offset configurations may be 16, and in this case, the PL offset configuration indication may comprise 4 bits.
[0108] Reference is made to FIG. 5A to discuss an example of MAC CE to update the PL offset configuration for the TCI state. As shown in FIG. 5A, each PL offset configuration may be associated with a TCI state. For example, the PL offset configuration ID 1 may be updated for the TCI state 1, and the PL offset configuration ID 2 may be updated for the TCI state 2, and so on.
[0109] In the example implementation where the PL offset configuration indication comprises 4 bits (that is, 16 PL offset configurations are configured in the serving cell) , the initial associations between UL TCI states and PL offset configurations in the serving cell may be shown in the second column in the following Table 2.
[0110] Table 2: Association between UL TCI states and PL offset configurations
[0111] In this example implementation, if at time t1, the UE 301 transmits an uplink transmission (for example, a PUCCH / PUSCH / SRS / PRACH transmission) with the UL TCI state 2, then the associated PL offset value may be indicated by the PL offset configuration 7. In this case, the UE 301 may calculate the transmit power of the uplink transmission based on the PL offset value associated with the PL offset configuration 7. At time t2, the UE 301 may receive a MAC CE to update the PL offset, and the associations between UL TCI states and PL offset configurations are shown in the third column in the Table 2. After the application time for the MAC CE, the UL TCI state 2 may be associated with the PL offset configuration 10 and the UE 301 may calculate the transmit power of the uplink transmission based on the PL offset value associated with the PL offset configuration 10.
[0112] In some other embodiments, a TCI state may be associated with a PL offset value and the MAC CE may be used to update the PL offset value directly. In other words, the TCI state may be associated with a variable PL offset directly. In this case, the MAC CE may indicate a value of the updated PL offset associated with the TCI state directly.
[0113] For example, an initial value of a PL offset associated with a TCI state may be configured by an RRC signaling or by a unified TCI State Activation / Deactivation MAC CE. A new MAC CE may be introduced to update the value of the PL offset of a TCI state. The value of the PL offset may be quantized to X bits.
[0114] FIG. 5B illustrates an example of MAC CE to update the PL offset value for the TCI state. For example, the value of the PL offset may be quantized to 4 bits. The PL offset value 1 may be updated for the TCI state 1, and the PL offset value 2 may be updated for the TCI state 2, and so on.
[0115] According to some embodiments with reference to FIGS. 4 to 5B, MAC CE-based PL offset updating may be supported to facilitate dynamic PL offset updating.
[0116] FIG. 6 illustrates an example of a device 600 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The device 600 may be an example of a UE 201, a first network device 202, or a second network device 203 as described herein. The device 600 may be an example of a UE 104 or a network entity 102 as described herein. The device 600 may support wireless communication with one or more devices in the A-IoT system. The device 600 may include components for bi-directional communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, such as a processor 602, a memory 604, a transceiver 606, and, optionally, an I / O controller 608. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .
[0117] The processor 602, the memory 604, the transceiver 606, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of the present disclosure as described herein. For example, the processor 602, the memory 604, the transceiver 606, or various combinations or components thereof may support a method for performing one or more of the operations described herein.
[0118] In some implementations, the processor 602, the memory 604, the transceiver 606, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communications management circuitry) . The hardware may include a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure. In some implementations, the processor 602 and the memory 604 coupled with the processor 602 may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., executing, by the processor 602, instructions stored in the memory 604) .
[0119] For example, the processor 602 may support wireless communication at the device 600 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 602 may be configured to operable to support a means for receiving, from a first network device, a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) order scheduling a transmission of a physical random access channel (PRACH) to a second network device; and a means for determining a transmission configuration indication (TCI) state for the transmission of the PRACHs. The processor 602 may be configured to operable to support a means for transmitting, to a user equipment (UE) , a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) order scheduling a transmission of a physical random access channel (PRACH) from the UE to a second network device.
[0120] The processor 602 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof) . In some implementations, the processor 602 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other implementations, a memory controller may be integrated into the processor 602. The processor 602 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., the memory 604) to cause the device 600 to perform various functions of the present disclosure.
[0121] The memory 604 may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM) . The memory 604 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 602 cause the device 600 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some implementations, the code may not be directly executable by the processor 602 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein. In some implementations, the memory 604 may include, among other things, a basic I / O system (BIOS) which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices.
[0122] The I / O controller 608 may manage input and output signals for the device 600. The I / O controller 608 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the device M02. In some implementations, the I / O controller 608 may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral. In some implementations, the I / O controller 608 may utilize an operating system such as or another known operating system. In some implementations, the I / O controller 608 may be implemented as part of a processor, such as the processor 602. In some implementations, a user may interact with the device 600 via the I / O controller 608 or via hardware components controlled by the I / O controller 608.
[0123] In some implementations, the device 600 may include a single antenna 610. However, in some other implementations, the device 600 may have more than one antenna 610 (i.e., multiple antennas) , including multiple antenna panels or antenna arrays, which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. The transceiver 606 may communicate bi-directionally, via the one or more antennas 610, wired, or wireless links as described herein. For example, the transceiver 606 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver 606 may also include a modem to modulate the packets, to provide the modulated packets to one or more antennas 610 for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the one or more antennas 610. The transceiver 606 may include one or more transmit chains, one or more receive chains, or a combination thereof.
[0124] A transmit chain may be configured to generate and transmit signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) . The transmit chain may include at least one modulator for modulating data onto a carrier signal, preparing the signal for transmission over a wireless medium. The at least one modulator may be configured to support one or more techniques such as amplitude modulation (AM) , frequency modulation (FM) , or digital modulation schemes like phase-shift keying (PSK) or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) . The transmit chain may also include at least one power amplifier configured to amplify the modulated signal to an appropriate power level suitable for transmission over the wireless medium. The transmit chain may also include one or more antennas 610 for transmitting the amplified signal into the air or wireless medium.
[0125] A receive chain may be configured to receive signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) over a wireless medium. For example, the receive chain may include one or more antennas 610 for receiving the signal over the air or wireless medium. The receive chain may include at least one amplifier (e.g., a low-noise amplifier (LNA) ) configured to amplify the received signal. The receive chain may include at least one demodulator configured to demodulate the receive signal and obtain the transmitted data by reversing the modulation technique applied during transmission of the signal. The receive chain may include at least one decoder for decoding the processing the demodulated signal to receive the transmitted data.
[0126] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a processor 700 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The processor 700 may be an example of a processor configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 700 may include a controller 702 configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 700 may optionally include at least one memory 704, such as L1 / L2 / L3 cache. Additionally, or alternatively, the processor 700 may optionally include one or more arithmetic-logic units (ALUs) 706. One or more of these components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .
[0127] The processor 700 may be a processor chipset and include a protocol stack (e.g., a software stack) executed by the processor chipset to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor chipset may include one or more cores, one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 700) or other memory (e.g., random access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , dynamic RAM (DRAM) , synchronous dynamic RAM (SDRAM) , static RAM (SRAM) , ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM) , magnetic RAM (MRAM) , resistive RAM (RRAM) , flash memory, phase change memory (PCM) , and others) .
[0128] The controller 702 may be configured to manage and coordinate various operations (e.g., signaling, receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) of the processor 700 to cause the processor 700 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. For example, the controller 702 may operate as a control unit of the processor 700, generating control signals that manage the operation of various components of the processor 700. These control signals include enabling or disabling functional units, selecting data paths, initiating memory access, and coordinating timing of operations.
[0129] The controller 702 may be configured to fetch (e.g., obtain, retrieve, receive) instructions from the memory 704 and determine subsequent instruction (s) to be executed to cause the processor 700 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The controller 702 may be configured to track memory address of instructions associated with the memory 704. The controller 702 may be configured to decode instructions to determine the operation to be performed and the operands involved. For example, the controller 702 may be configured to interpret the instruction and determine control signals to be output to other components of the processor 700 to cause the processor 700 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. Additionally, or alternatively, the controller 702 may be configured to manage flow of data within the processor 700. The controller 702 may be configured to control transfer of data between registers, arithmetic logic units (ALUs) , and other functional units of the processor 700.
[0130] The memory 704 may include one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor 700 or other memory, such RAM, ROM, DRAM, SDRAM, SRAM, MRAM, flash memory, etc. In some implementations, the memory 704 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., local to the processor 700) . In some other implementations, the memory 704 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., remote to the processor 700) .
[0131] The memory 704 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 700, cause the processor 700 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. The controller 702 and / or the processor 700 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in the memory 704 to cause the processor 700 to perform various functions. For example, the processor 700 and / or the controller 702 may be coupled with or to the memory 704, and the processor 700, the controller 702, and the memory 704 may be configured to perform various functions described herein. In some examples, the processor 700 may include multiple processors and the memory 704 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions herein.
[0132] The one or more ALUs 706 may be configured to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, the one or more ALUs 706 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., the processor 700) . In some other implementations, the one or more ALUs 706 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 700) . One or more ALUs 706 may perform one or more computations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division on data. For example, one or more ALUs 706 may receive input operands and an operation code, which determines an operation to be executed. One or more ALUs 706 be configured with a variety of logical and arithmetic circuits, including adders, subtractors, shifters, and logic gates, to process and manipulate the data according to the operation. Additionally, or alternatively, the one or more ALUs 706 may support logical operations such as AND, OR, exclusive-OR (XOR) , not-OR (NOR) , and not-AND (NAND) , enabling the one or more ALUs 706 to handle conditional operations, comparisons, and bitwise operations.
[0133] The processor 700 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 700 may be configured to or operable to support a means for receiving, from a first network device, a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) order scheduling a transmission of a physical random access channel (PRACH) to a second network device; and a means for determining a transmission configuration indication (TCI) state for the transmission of the PRACHs. The processor 700 may be configured to or operable to support a means for transmitting, to a user equipment (UE) , a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) order scheduling a transmission of a physical random access channel (PRACH) from the UE to a second network device.
[0134] FIG. 8 illustrates a flowchart of a method 800 that supports a PRACH transmission in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 800 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 800 may be performed by a UE 201 as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0135] At 810, the method may include receiving, from a first network device, a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) order scheduling a transmission of a physical random access channel (PRACH) to a second network device. The operations of 810 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 810 may be performed by a UE 201 as described with reference to FIG. 2.
[0136] At 820, the method may include determining a transmission configuration indication (TCI) state for the transmission of the PRACH. The operations of 820 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 820 may be performed by a UE 201 as described with reference to FIG. 2.
[0137] FIG. 9 illustrates a flowchart of a method 900 that supports a PRACH transmission in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 900 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 900 may be performed by a first network device 202 as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0138] At 910, the method may include transmitting, to a user equipment (UE) , a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) order scheduling a transmission of a physical random access channel (PRACH) from the UE to a second network device. The operations of 910 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 910 may be performed by a first network device 202 as described with reference to FIG. 2.
[0139] It should be noted that the methods described herein describe possible implementations, and that the operations and the steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and that other implementations are possible. Further, aspects from two or more of the methods may be combined.
[0140] The various illustrative blocks and components described in connection with the disclosure herein may be implemented or performed with a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a CPU, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.
[0141] The functions described herein may be implemented in hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are within the scope of the disclosure and appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, functions described herein may be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or combinations of any of these. Features implementing functions may also be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations.
[0142] Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer. By way of example, non-transitory computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) , flash memory, compact disk (CD) ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium that may be used to carry or store desired program code means in the form of instructions or data structures and that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer, or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor.
[0143] As used herein, including in the claims, an article “a” before an element is unrestricted and understood to refer to “at least one” of those elements or “one or more” of those elements. The terms “a, ” “at least one, ” “one or more, ” and “at least one of one or more” may be interchangeable. As used herein, including in the claims, “or” as used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items prefaced by a phrase such as “at least one of” or “one or more of” or “one or both of” ) indicates an inclusive list such that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C) . Also, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step that is described as “based on condition A” may be based on both a condition A and a condition B without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase “based on”shall be construed in the same manner as the phrase “based at least in part on. Further, as used herein, including in the claims, a “set” may include one or more elements.
[0144] The description herein is provided to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be apparent to a person having ordinary skill in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims
1.A user equipment (UE) comprising:at least one memory; andat least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the UE to:receive, from a first network device, a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) order scheduling a transmission of a physical random access channel (PRACH) to a second network device; anddetermine a transmission configuration indication (TCI) state for the transmission of the PRACH.2.The UE of claim 1, wherein the TCI state is determined as a TCI state for a further transmission to the second network device, the further transmission comprising one of the following: a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) transmission, a physical sidelink shared channel (PUSCH) transmission, or a sounding reference signal (SRS) transmission.3.The UE of claim 1, wherein the TCI state is determined as a TCI state indicated in downlink control information (DCI) carrying the PDCCH order.4.The UE of claim 1, wherein a DCI carrying the PDCCH order comprises an indication indicating that the PRACH is to be transmitted to the second network device, and the at least one processor is further configured to cause the UE to:determine that the PRACH is to be transmitted to the second network device based on the indication.5.The UE of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to cause the UE to:determine a path loss (PL) based on a PL reference signal (RS) for determining transmit power of the transmission.6.The UE of claim 5, wherein the PL RS is determined as a downlink (DL) RS to which a demodulation RS (DM-RS) of the PDCCH order is quasi-collocated.7.The UE of claim 6, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to cause the UE to:determine a PL offset for determining the transmit power of the transmission as a PL offset associated with a TCI state for a transmission of the PDCCH order.8.The UE of claim 5, wherein the PL RS is determined as a synchronization signal block (SSB) indicated in a DCI carrying the PDCCH order.9.The UE of claim 8, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to cause the UE to:determine a PL offset for determining the transmit power of the transmission as a PL offset associated with the SSB.10.The UE of claim 6 or claim 8, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to cause the UE to:determine a PL offset for determining the transmit power of the transmission as a PL offset indicated in a DCI carrying the PDCCH order.11.The UE of claim 5, wherein the PL RS is determined as a PL RS associated with the TCI state.12.The UE of any of claims 6, 8, and 11, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to cause the UE to:determine a PL offset for determining the transmit power of the transmission as a PL offset associated with the TCI state.13.The UE of claim 11, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to cause the UE to:receive, from the first network device, a media access control (MAC) control element (CE) , the MAC CE indicating an updated PL offset associated with the TCI state; andupdate the PL offset associated with the TCI state based on the MAC CE.14.The UE of claim 13, wherein the MAC CE indicates a PL offset configuration identifier (ID) associated with the TCI state, the PL offset configuration ID being associated with a value of the updated PL offset associated with the TCI state.15.The UE of claim 13, wherein the MAC CE indicates a value of the updated PL offset associated with the TCI state.16.The UE of claim 1, wherein the TCI state comprises one of the following:a joint TCI state; oran uplink (UL) TCI state.17.A first network device, comprising:at least one memory; andat least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the first network device to:transmit, to a user equipment (UE) , a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) order scheduling a transmission of a physical random access channel (PRACH) from the UE to a second network device.18.The first network device of claim 17, wherein downlink control information (DCI) carrying the PDCCH order indicates a transmission configuration indication (TCI) state for the transmission.19.A processor for wireless communication, comprising:at least one controller coupled with at least one memory and configured to cause the processor to:receive, from a first network device, a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) order scheduling a transmission of a physical random access channel (PRACH) to a second network device; anddetermine a transmission configuration indication (TCI) state for the transmission of the PRACH.20.A method performed by a user equipment (UE) , comprising:receiving, from a first network device, a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) order scheduling a transmission of a physical random access channel (PRACH) to a second network device; anddetermining a transmission configuration indication (TCI) state for the transmission of the PRACHs.
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