Terminal, base station, and communication method

Abstract

This terminal comprises: a reception unit that receives, from a base station, restriction information for restricting a terminal to be accessed using a setting profile; a control unit that, when access using the setting profile is executed, derives a first access identity corresponding to the access using the setting profile, and a first factor value corresponding to the first access identity, and on the basis of the first access identity, acquires a first confirmation result regarding whether or not access to a network restricted by the restriction information is possible; and a transmission unit that, when the first confirmation result shows that the access is possible, transmits, to the base station, a wireless connecting setting request including the first factor value.

Description

Terminal, base station, and communication method

[0001] The present invention relates to a terminal, a base station, and a communication method in a communication system.

[0002] 3GPP (registered trademark) (3rd Generation Partnership Project) is currently studying a wireless communication system called 5G or NR (New Radio) (hereinafter, the wireless communication system will be referred to as "5G" or "NR") in order to achieve a larger system capacity, a higher data transmission speed, and a lower latency in wireless sections. Various wireless technologies are being studied for 5G to meet the requirements of achieving a throughput of 10 Gbps or more while keeping latency in wireless sections to 1 ms or less.

[0003] In NR, a network architecture including 5GC (5G Core Network) corresponding to EPC (Evolved Packet Core), which is the core network in the network architecture of LTE (Long Term Evolution), and NG-RAN (Next Generation - Radio Access Network) corresponding to E-UTRAN (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network), which is the RAN (Radio Access Network) in the network architecture of LTE, is being considered (for example, Non-Patent Document 1).

[0004] Furthermore, studies have begun on systems beyond 5G, or even 6G. In these future systems, diversified requirements are expected regarding power consumption, latency, communication speed, etc., for diversified devices such as ambient IoT (e.g., wireless tags) and XR (extended reality) with functions that extend virtual reality.

[0005] 3GPP TS 23.501 V18.2.2 (2023-07) 3GPP TS 24.501 V18.2.1 (2023-03) 3GPP TS 38.413 V17.4.0 (2023-03) 3GPP TS 38.331 V17.5.0 (2023-06)

[0006] Before starting to use the network using an operational profile based on a formal contract with a mobile operator, a terminal accesses the network using a configuration profile for pre-setting. Here, in the case of access restrictions to the network that are implemented in the event of a disaster or an event, the restriction transparency rate that terminals accessing using the configuration profile should be lower than that of terminals accessing using the operational profile.

[0007] However, in the existing network specifications, it is not possible to distinguish between terminals that access using a configuration profile and terminals that access using an operational profile in terms of access restrictions.

[0008] The present invention has been made in consideration of the above points, and aims to implement access restrictions on terminals that access using configuration profiles in a communication system, as distinct from terminals that access using operational profiles.

[0009] According to the disclosed technology, there is provided a terminal having: a receiving unit that receives, from a base station, restriction information that restricts terminals that access using a setting profile; a control unit that, when access using the setting profile is performed, derives a first access identity corresponding to the access using the setting profile and a first factor value corresponding to the first access identity, and obtains, based on the first access identity, a first confirmation result regarding whether or not the network restricted by the restriction information is accessible; and a transmitting unit that, when the first confirmation result indicates that access is possible, transmits a wireless connection setting request including the first factor value to the base station.

[0010] According to the disclosed technology, in a communication system, it is possible to distinguish between terminals that access using an operational profile and terminals that access using a configuration profile and to implement access restrictions on such terminals.

[0011] FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining an example of a communication system. FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining an example of a communication system in a roaming environment. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of a sequence diagram in an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of the functional configuration of a base station 10 and a network node 30 in an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of the functional configuration of a terminal 20 in an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of the hardware configuration of a base station 10, a terminal 20, and a network node 30 in an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a vehicle 2001 in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0012] Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. Note that the embodiment described below is an example, and the embodiment to which the present invention is applied is not limited to the following embodiment.

[0013] In the operation of the wireless communication system according to the embodiment of the present invention, existing technology is used as appropriate. However, the existing technology is, for example, the existing LTE, but is not limited to the existing LTE. Furthermore, the term "LTE" used in this specification has a broad meaning including LTE-Advanced, and systems subsequent to LTE-Advanced (e.g., NR), or wireless LAN (Local Area Network), unless otherwise specified.

[0014] Furthermore, in the embodiments of the present invention, "configuring" radio parameters and the like may mean that predetermined values ​​are pre-configured, or that radio parameters notified from the network node 30 or the terminal 20 are set.

[0015] Fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a communication system. As shown in Fig. 1, the communication system is composed of a UE, which is a terminal 20, and multiple network nodes 30. Hereinafter, it is assumed that one network node 30 corresponds to each function, but multiple functions may be realized by one network node 30, or multiple network nodes 30 may realize one function. Furthermore, the "connection" described below may be a logical connection or a physical connection.

[0016] The RAN (Radio Access Network) is a network node 30 having a radio access function, which may include a base station 10, and is connected to a UE, an AMF (Access and Mobility Management Function), and a UPF (User plane function). The AMF is a network node 30 having functions such as terminating the RAN interface, terminating the NAS (Non-Access Stratum), registration management, connection management, reachability management, and mobility management. The UPF is a network node 30 having functions such as a PDU (Protocol Data Unit) session point to the outside that interconnects with a DN (Data Network), packet routing and forwarding, and user plane QoS (Quality of Service) handling. The UPF and the DN constitute a network slice. In the wireless communication network according to the embodiment of the present invention, multiple network slices are constructed.

[0017] The AMF is connected to the UE, RAN, SMF (Session Management function), NSSF (Network Slice Selection Function), NEF (Network Exposure Function), NRF (Network Repository Function), UDM (Unified Data Management), AUSF (Authentication Server Function), PCF (Policy Control Function), and AF (Application Function). The AMF, SMF, NSSF, NEF, NRF, UDM, AUSF, PCF, and AF are network nodes 30 that are mutually connected via interfaces based on their respective services, Namf, Nsmf, Nnssf, Nnef, Nnrf, Nudm, Nausf, Npcf, and Naf.

[0018] The SMF is a network node 30 having functions such as session management, UE IP (Internet Protocol) address allocation and management, DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) function, ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) proxy, and roaming function. The NEF is a network node 30 having a function of notifying other NFs (Network Functions) of capabilities and events. The NSSF is a network node 30 having functions such as selecting a network slice to which a UE connects, determining an allowed NSSAI (Network Slice Selection Assistance Information), determining an NSSAI to be set, and determining an AMF set to which a UE connects. The PCF is a network node 30 having a function of controlling network policies. The AF is a network node 30 having a function of controlling application servers. The NRF is a network node 30 having a function of discovering NF instances that provide services. The UDM is a network node 30 that manages subscriber data and authentication data. The UDM is connected to a UDR (User Data Repository) that stores the data. The UDM may also include an ARPF (Authentication Credential Repository and Processing Function) that has the function of processing and managing authentication information, and a SIDF (Subscription Identifier De-concealing Function) that has the function of decrypting encrypted identification information. Alternatively, the UDM may perform these functions by accessing another network node that has an ARPF or SIDF.

[0019] Fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a communication system in a roaming environment. As shown in Fig. 2, the network is composed of a UE, which is a terminal 20, and multiple network nodes 30. Hereinafter, it is assumed that one network node 30 corresponds to each function, but multiple functions may be realized by one network node 30, or multiple network nodes 30 may realize one function. Furthermore, the "connection" described below may be a logical connection or a physical connection.

[0020] The RAN is a network node 30 having a radio access function, and is connected to the UE, the AMF, and the UPF. The AMF is a network node 30 having functions such as RAN interface termination, NAS termination, registration management, connection management, reachability management, and mobility management. The UPF is a network node 30 having functions such as a PDU session point to the outside that interconnects with the DN, packet routing and forwarding, and user plane QoS handling. The UPF and the DN constitute a network slice. In the wireless communication network according to the embodiment of the present invention, multiple network slices are constructed.

[0021] The AMF is connected to the UE, RAN, SMF, NSSF, NEF, NRF, UDM, AUSF, PCF, AF, and SEPP (Security Edge Protection Proxy). The AMF, SMF, NSSF, NEF, NRF, UDM, AUSF, PCF, and AF are network nodes 30 that are interconnected via respective service-based interfaces, Namf, Nsmf, Nnssf, Nnef, Nnrf, Nudm, Nausf, Npcf, and Naf.

[0022] The SMF is a network node 30 having functions such as session management, UE IP address allocation and management, DHCP function, ARP proxy, and roaming function. The NEF is a network node 30 having a function of notifying other NFs of capabilities and events. The NSSF is a network node 30 having functions such as selecting a network slice to which a UE connects, determining an allowed NSSAI, determining a configured NSSAI, and determining an AMF set to which a UE connects. The PCF is a network node 30 having a function of controlling network policies. The AF is a network node 30 having a function of controlling application servers. The NRF is a network node 30 having a function of discovering NF instances that provide services. The SEPP is a non-transparent proxy that filters control plane messages between PLMNs (Public Land Mobile Networks). The vSEPP shown in FIG. 2 is a SEPP in the visited network, and the hSEPP is a SEPP in the home network.

[0023] As shown in Figure 2, a UE is in a roaming environment connected to a RAN and an AMF in a Visited PLMN (VPLMN). The VPLMN and a Home PLMN (HPLMN) are connected via a vSEPP and an hSEPP. The UE can communicate with a UDM in the HPLMN via the AMF in the VPLMN, for example.

[0024] (Example 1) Example 1 will be described. In Example 1, a procedure for executing access restriction on a terminal accessing using a configuration profile, in a communication system, in distinction from a terminal accessing using an operational profile, will be described. FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a sequence diagram according to an embodiment of the present invention. In the sequence diagram illustrated in FIG. 3, a terminal 20 communicates within the terminal 20 among an upper application (referred to as an upper application), 5GMM (5GS mobility management), an eUICC (embedded Universal Integrated Circuit Card), and an AS (Access Stratum). 5GMM is a protocol in NAS (Non Access Stratum; see Non-Patent Document 2), and also refers to an entity within the terminal that handles the protocol. In the latter sense, the terminal 20 communicates with the eUICC and AS within the terminal 20. The AS within the terminal 20 communicates with the base station 10. The eUICC has a configuration profile (Provisional Profile, PP) and an operational profile (Operational Profile, OP). The configuration profile (PP) is a profile used to perform pre-configuration before starting to use the network using the operational profile (OP). The Operational Profile (OP) is a profile used to utilize the services of a mobile operator based on a formal contract with the mobile operator. The processing of each step in the sequence diagram of FIG. 3 will now be described.

[0025] Step S301: The AMF transmits to the base station 10 an Overload Start message (see, for example, sections 8.7.7.2 and 9.2.6.14 of Non-Patent Document 3) indicating that the AMF is under heavy load. Here, the Overload Start message includes an Overload Response message (see, for example, section 9.3.1.104 of Non-Patent Document 3) requesting a specified operation. The Overload Response message includes an Overload Action message (see, for example, section 9.3.1.105 of Non-Patent Document 3) specifying the requested operation. Here, the Overload Action message includes a newly defined setting value (e.g., "Permit OP only") indicating that only terminals 20 using an operational profile are permitted to access. In other words, this setting value indicates that access restriction is not performed on terminals 20 using an operational profile, but that access restriction is performed on terminals 20 using a configuration profile other than the operational profile. Moreover, the Overload Start includes a Traffic Load Reduction Indication (see Section 9.3.1.106 of Non-Patent Document 3) that specifies the percentage of terminals 20 that are not permitted to access as the percentage of access reduction for terminals 20 that are subject to access restriction. For example, if the value of the Traffic Load Reduction Indication is 80, this means that the percentage of terminals 20 that are not permitted to access is 80%.

[0026] Step S302: In response to the message received in step S301, the base station 10 transmits, to the AS of the terminal 20, barring information for barring calls made by the terminal 20. The barring information is transmitted as an SIB1 (see section 6.2.2 of Non-Patent Document 4), which is a message in the RRC protocol. Here, a new number (e.g., 4) indicating access by the terminal 20 using the configuration profile is defined as the access identity number (see section 4.5.2 of Non-Patent Document 2, etc.). Furthermore, configuration information (e.g., denoted as "uac-BarringFactorForAI4") for setting the percentage of terminals 20 that are permitted to access the new number is newly defined. The base station 10 sets, in the configuration information, the percentage of terminals 20 that are permitted to access using the configuration profile (PP) (e.g., 20%), in response to the percentage of terminals 20 that are not permitted to access using the operational profile (OP) (e.g., 80%), specified in the message received in step S301.

[0027] Step S303: The upper application of the terminal 20 transmits a request to the 5GMM of the terminal 20 to access the network using the configuration profile (PP).

[0028] Step S304: The 5GMM of the terminal 20 transmits a request to read the configuration profile (PP) to the eUICC of the terminal 20.

[0029] Step S305: In response to the request received in step S304, the eUICC of the terminal 20 reads out the configuration profile (PP) and transmits a response to the request to the 5GMM of the terminal 20.

[0030] Step S306: The 5GMM of the terminal 20 derives an access identity corresponding to the access by the configuration profile (PP), where the derived number is a new number (e.g., 4) indicating the access by the terminal 20 using the configuration profile (PP) described in step S302.

[0031] Step S307: The 5GMM of the terminal 20 derives a cause value (RRC Establishment Cause, see section 4.5.6 of Non-Patent Document 2) corresponding to the value of the access identity derived in step S306. Here, the derived cause value is a cause value (denoted as "pp in use", for example) indicating that the terminal 20 is accessing using a configuration profile (PP) newly defined corresponding to the access identity derived in step S306.

[0032] Step S308: The 5GMM of the terminal 20 notifies the AS of the terminal 20 of the access identity derived in step S306 and the factor value derived in step S307.

[0033] Step S309: The AS of the terminal 20 checks whether access to the network is permitted based on the restriction information received in step S308 and the access identity received in step S306. For example, if the percentage of terminals 20 permitted to access the network using the access identity restricted by the restriction information is X% (i.e., the number of terminals 20 accessing the network is limited to less than X%), the AS in the terminal 20 generates a random number between 0 and 1, and determines that access is permitted if the value of the generated random number is less than X / 100 (e.g., less than 0.1 when X is 10%), and determines that access is not permitted if not (see Section 5.3.14.5 of Non-Patent Document 4).

[0034] If the confirmation result indicates that the file is accessible, the processes of steps S310 to S313 are executed, and if the confirmation result indicates that the file is not accessible, the processes of steps S314 to S316 are executed.

[0035] (When the confirmation result is that the access is possible) Step S310: The AS of the terminal 20 transmits the confirmation result (that the access is possible) determined in step S309 to the 5GMM of the terminal 20.

[0036] Step S311: Based on the confirmation result (access possible) received in step S310, the 5GMM of the terminal 20 continues processing related to accessing the network using the configuration profile (PP).

[0037] Step S312: The 5GMM of the terminal 20 requests the AS of the terminal 20 to access the network using a configuration profile (PP).

[0038] Step S313: The AS of the terminal 20 transmits an RRC Setup Request (see Section 6.2.2 of Non-Patent Document 4) to the base station 10. The cause value received in step S308 is set in the message (RRC Establishment Cause="pp in use"). The message may also be called a radio connection setup request.

[0039] (When the confirmation result is not accessible) Step S314: The AS of the terminal 20 transmits the confirmation result (access not permitted) determined in step S309 to the 5GMM of the terminal 20.

[0040] Step S315: Based on the confirmation result (access denied) received in step S314, the 5GMM of the terminal 20 stops processing related to accessing the network using the configuration profile (PP).

[0041] Step S316: The 5GMM of the terminal 20 notifies the upper application of the terminal 20 that access to the network using the configuration profile (PP) is not possible.

[0042] According to the above-described embodiment, in a communication system, it is possible to distinguish between terminals that access using an operational profile and terminals that access using a configuration profile and to implement access restrictions on such terminals.

[0043] (First Modification) A first modification of the first embodiment will be described with reference to the sequence diagram of FIG.

[0044] Step S301: As described in the above embodiment 1, the AMF sends an Overload Start message to the base station 10, which is a message indicating that the AMF is under heavy load.

[0045] Step S302: In response to the message received in step S301, the base station 10 starts access restriction in the own device for the terminal 20. That is, the base station 10 executes access restriction in the own device without transmitting restriction information for restricting access by the terminal 20 to the AS of the terminal 20.

[0046] Next, similarly to the description of the first embodiment, the processes of steps S303 to S308 are executed on the terminal 20 side. Here, since the AS of the terminal 20 has not received restriction information from the base station 10, the terminal 20 determines that access to the network is possible, and therefore the processes of steps S309 to S312 and steps S314 to S316 are not executed. That is, the terminal 20 then executes the process of step S313.

[0047] The base station 10 confirms whether the terminal 20 can access the network based on the Overload Start received in step S301 and the RRC Setup Request received from the AS of the terminal 20. That is, the base station 10 confirms whether the terminal 20 accessing the network using the configuration profile (PP) can access the network based on the setting value "Permit OP only" indicating that only terminals 20 using the operational profile in the Overload Action included in the Overload Start are permitted to access, the value of Traffic Load Reduction Indication specifying the percentage of terminals 20 for which access is not permitted, and the cause value (RRC Establishment Cause = "pp in use") set in the RRC Setup Request indicating that the terminal 20 is accessing using the configuration profile (PP). The base station 10 may calculate the percentage of terminals 20 for which access is permitted (e.g., 20%) from the percentage of terminals 20 for which access is not permitted (e.g., 80%). The confirmation method is the same as the method executed by the terminal 20 in step S309 described in the first embodiment.

[0048] If the confirmation result indicates that the access is possible, the base station 10 continues to execute the process for connecting the terminal 20 to the network.

[0049] If the confirmation result indicates that access is not permitted, the base station 10 discontinues the process. Furthermore, the base station 10 may transmit to the terminal 20 a message notifying that the RRC Setup Request received from the terminal 20 is not accepted.

[0050] According to the above-described embodiment, in a communication system, it is possible to distinguish between terminals that access using an operational profile and terminals that access using a configuration profile and to implement access restrictions on such terminals.

[0051] (Second Modification) A second modification of the first embodiment will be described. In the second modification, the terminal 20 has two types of setting profiles (PP): a priority setting profile (used by the police, fire department, etc., for example) and a general setting profile (PP). When the general setting profile (PP) is used, the same processing as in the first embodiment described above is executed. The case where the priority setting profile (PP) is used will be described below with reference to the sequence diagram of FIG. 3.

[0052] Steps S301 and S302 are executed in the same manner as in the first embodiment.

[0053] Step S303: The upper application of the terminal 20 transmits a request to the 5GMM of the terminal 20 to access the network using the priority setting profile (PP).

[0054] Step S304: The 5GMM of the terminal 20 transmits a read request for the priority setting profile (PP) to the eUICC of the terminal 20.

[0055] Step S305: In response to the request received in step S304, the eUICC of the terminal 20 reads out the priority setting profile (PP) and transmits a response to the request to the 5GMM of the terminal 20.

[0056] Step S306: The 5GMM of the terminal 20 derives an access identity corresponding to the access by the priority setting profile (PP). Here, the derived number is a number indicating the priority access (see Section 4.5.2 of Non-Patent Document 2).

[0057] Step S307: The 5GMM of the terminal 20 derives a cause value (RRC Establishment Cause="mps-PriorityAccess", see section 4.5.6 of Non-Patent Document 2) corresponding to the value of the access identity derived in step S306.

[0058] Step S308: The 5GMM of the terminal 20 notifies the AS of the terminal 20 of the access identity derived in step S306 and the factor value derived in step S307. Here, in the case of access to the network using a priority configuration profile (PP), the terminal 20 does not comply with the restriction information received in step S302. That is, the terminal 20 determines that access to the network is possible, and does not execute the processes of steps S309 to S312 and steps S314 to S316, but executes the process of step S313 shown below.

[0059] Step S313: The AS of the terminal 20 transmits an RRC Setup Request to the base station 10. The cause value received in step S308 is set in the message (RRC Establishment Cause="mps-PriorityAccess"). This message may also be called a wireless connection setup request.

[0060] In the second modification, the above-described process allows a terminal accessing using a general setting profile to be distinguished from a terminal accessing using an operational profile and subjected to access restriction, whereas a terminal accessing using a priority setting profile is not distinguished from a terminal accessing using an operational profile and subjected to restriction, and can behave as a priority terminal.

[0061] According to the above-described embodiment, in a communication system, it is possible to distinguish between terminals that access using an operational profile and terminals that access using a configuration profile and to implement access restrictions on such terminals.

[0062] (Device Configuration) Next, a description will be given of an example of the functional configuration of the base station 10, network node 30, and terminal 20 that perform the processes and operations described above. The base station 10, network node 30, and terminal 20 include functions for performing the above-described embodiments. However, the base station 10, network node 30, and terminal 20 may each include only a part of the functions of the embodiments.

[0063] <Base Station 10 and Network Node 30> Fig. 4 is a diagram showing an example of the functional configuration of the base station 10 and the network node 30. As shown in Fig. 4, the base station 10 has a transmitting unit 110, a receiving unit 120, a setting unit 130, and a control unit 140. The functional configuration shown in Fig. 4 is merely an example. As long as the operations according to the embodiment of the present invention can be performed, the names of the functional divisions and functional units may be any. Note that the network node 30 may have the same functional configuration as the base station 10. Furthermore, a network node 30 having multiple different functions in the system architecture may be composed of multiple network nodes 30 separated by function.

[0064] The transmitter 110 includes a function of generating a signal to be transmitted to the terminal 20 or another network node 30 and transmitting the signal by wire or wirelessly. The receiver 120 includes a function of receiving various signals transmitted from the terminal 20 or another network node 30 and acquiring, for example, information of a higher layer from the received signal. A communication unit including the transmitter 110 and the receiver 120 may be configured.

[0065] The setting unit 130 stores preset setting information and various setting information to be transmitted to the terminal 20 in a storage device, and reads out the information from the storage device as needed.

[0066] As described in the embodiment, the control unit 140 performs processes related to access restriction of the terminal 20. The control unit 140 also performs processes related to communication with the terminal 20. The function unit related to signal transmission in the control unit 140 may be included in the transmitting unit 110, and the function unit related to signal reception in the control unit 140 may be included in the receiving unit 120.

[0067] <Terminal 20> Fig. 5 is a diagram showing an example of the functional configuration of the terminal 20. As shown in Fig. 5, the terminal 20 has a transmitting unit 210, a receiving unit 220, a setting unit 230, and a control unit 240. The functional configuration shown in Fig. 5 is merely an example. As long as the operations related to the embodiment of the present invention can be performed, the names of the functional divisions and functional units may be any. In addition, the communication device that becomes the resource holder 20 may have the same functional configuration as the terminal 20.

[0068] The transmitter 210 creates a transmission signal from transmission data and transmits the transmission signal wirelessly. The receiver 220 receives various signals wirelessly and acquires higher layer signals from the received physical layer signals. The receiver 220 also has a function of receiving control signals, reference signals, etc. transmitted from the network node 30. A communication unit including the transmitter 210 and the receiver 220 may be configured.

[0069] The setting unit 230 stores various pieces of setting information received from the network node 30 by the receiving unit 220 in a storage device, and reads them out from the storage device as needed. The setting unit 230 also stores setting information that is set in advance.

[0070] As described in the embodiment, the control unit 240 performs processing related to access regulation, etc. The functional unit related to signal transmission in the control unit 240 may be included in the transmitting unit 210, and the functional unit related to signal reception in the control unit 240 may be included in the receiving unit 220.

[0071] (Hardware Configuration) The block diagrams (FIGS. 4 and 5) used to explain the above embodiments show functional blocks. These functional blocks (components) are realized by any combination of at least one of hardware and software. Furthermore, the method for realizing each functional block is not particularly limited. That is, each functional block may be realized using a single device that is physically or logically coupled, or may be realized using two or more physically or logically separated devices that are directly or indirectly connected (for example, using wires, wirelessly, etc.) and these multiple devices. The functional block may be realized by combining software with the single device or the multiple devices.

[0072] Functions include, but are not limited to, judgment, determination, assessment, calculation, computation, processing, derivation, investigation, search, confirmation, reception, transmission, output, access, resolution, selection, selection, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, consideration, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating, mapping, and assignment. For example, a functional block (component) that performs transmission is called a transmitting unit or transmitter. As mentioned above, there are no particular limitations on how these functions are implemented.

[0073] For example, the base station 10, the network node 30, the terminal 20, etc. according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may function as a computer that performs processing of the wireless communication method of the present disclosure. Fig. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of the hardware configuration of the base station 10 and the terminal 20 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The network node 30 may have the same hardware configuration as the base station 10. The above-described base station 10 and the terminal 20 may be physically configured as a computer device including a processor 1001, a storage device 1002, an auxiliary storage device 1003, a communication device 1004, an input device 1005, an output device 1006, a bus 1007, etc.

[0074] In the following description, the term "apparatus" can be interpreted as a circuit, a device, a unit, etc. The hardware configuration of the base station 10 and the terminal 20 may be configured to include one or more of the apparatuses shown in the drawings, or may be configured to exclude some of the apparatuses.

[0075] Each function in the base station 10 and the terminal 20 is realized by loading specified software (programs) onto hardware such as the processor 1001, the memory device 1002, etc., so that the processor 1001 performs calculations, controls communication by the communication device 1004, and controls at least one of reading and writing data in the memory device 1002 and the auxiliary memory device 1003.

[0076] The processor 1001 controls the entire computer by running, for example, an operating system. The processor 1001 may be configured as a central processing unit (CPU) including an interface with peripheral devices, a control device, an arithmetic unit, a register, etc. For example, the above-mentioned control unit 140, control unit 240, etc. may be realized by the processor 1001.

[0077] Furthermore, the processor 1001 reads programs (program codes), software modules, data, etc. from at least one of the auxiliary storage device 1003 and the communication device 1004 into the storage device 1002 and executes various processes in accordance with the programs. The programs used are those that cause a computer to execute at least some of the operations described in the above-described embodiments. For example, the control unit 140 of the base station 10 shown in FIG. 4 may be implemented by a control program stored in the storage device 1002 and running on the processor 1001. Furthermore, for example, the control unit 240 of the terminal 20 shown in FIG. 5 may be implemented by a control program stored in the storage device 1002 and running on the processor 1001. While the above-described various processes have been described as being executed by one processor 1001, they may also be executed simultaneously or sequentially by two or more processors 1001. The processor 1001 may be implemented by one or more chips. The programs may also be transmitted from a network via a telecommunications line.

[0078] The storage device 1002 is a computer-readable recording medium and may be configured, for example, by at least one of a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), a random access memory (RAM), etc. The storage device 1002 may also be called a register, a cache, a main memory, etc. The storage device 1002 can store executable programs (program codes), software modules, etc. for implementing a communication method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0079] The secondary storage device 1003 is a computer-readable recording medium, and may be, for example, at least one of an optical disk such as a CD-ROM (Compact Disc ROM), a hard disk drive, a flexible disk, a magneto-optical disk (e.g., a compact disk, a digital versatile disk, a Blu-ray (registered trademark) disk), a smart card, a flash memory (e.g., a card, a stick, a key drive), a floppy (registered trademark) disk, a magnetic strip, etc. The above-mentioned storage medium may be, for example, a database, a server, or other appropriate medium including at least one of the storage device 1002 and the secondary storage device 1003.

[0080] The communication device 1004 is hardware (transmission / reception device) for communicating between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network, and is also referred to as, for example, a network device, a network controller, a network card, a communication module, etc. The communication device 1004 may be configured to include a high-frequency switch, a duplexer, a filter, a frequency synthesizer, etc. to realize at least one of frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD). For example, a transmission / reception antenna, an amplifier unit, a transmission / reception unit, a transmission path interface, etc. may be realized by the communication device 1004. The transmission / reception unit may be implemented as a transmission unit and a reception unit that are physically or logically separated.

[0081] The input device 1005 is an input device (e.g., a keyboard, a mouse, a microphone, a switch, a button, a sensor, etc.) that receives input from the outside. The output device 1006 is an output device (e.g., a display, a speaker, an LED lamp, etc.) that outputs to the outside. Note that the input device 1005 and the output device 1006 may be integrated into one device (e.g., a touch panel).

[0082] Furthermore, each device such as the processor 1001 and the storage device 1002 is connected by a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 may be configured using a single bus, or may be configured using different buses between each device.

[0083] Furthermore, the base station 10 and the terminal 20 may be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), or a field programmable gate array (FPGA), and some or all of the functional blocks may be realized by the hardware. For example, the processor 1001 may be implemented using at least one of these pieces of hardware.

[0084] Fig. 7 shows an example configuration of a vehicle 2001. As shown in Fig. 7, the vehicle 2001 includes a drive unit 2002, a steering unit 2003, an accelerator pedal 2004, a brake pedal 2005, a shift lever 2006, front wheels 2007, rear wheels 2008, an axle 2009, an electronic control unit 2010, various sensors 2021 to 2029, an information service unit 2012, and a communication module 2013. Each aspect / embodiment described in the present disclosure may be applied to a communication device mounted on the vehicle 2001, and may be applied to the communication module 2013, for example.

[0085] The drive unit 2002 is configured, for example, by an engine, a motor, or a hybrid of an engine and a motor. The steering unit 2003 includes at least a steering wheel (also called a handle) and is configured to steer at least one of the front wheels and the rear wheels based on the operation of the steering wheel operated by the user.

[0086] The electronic control unit 2010 is composed of a microprocessor 2031, a memory (ROM, RAM) 2032, and a communication port (IO port) 2033. Signals are input to the electronic control unit 2010 from various sensors 2021 to 2029 provided in the vehicle 2001. The electronic control unit 2010 may also be called an ECU (Electronic Control Unit).

[0087] The signals from the various sensors 2021 to 2029 include a current signal from a current sensor 2021 that senses the current of the motor, a rotation speed signal of the front and rear wheels obtained by a rotation speed sensor 2022, an air pressure signal of the front and rear wheels obtained by an air pressure sensor 2023, a vehicle speed signal obtained by a vehicle speed sensor 2024, an acceleration signal obtained by an acceleration sensor 2025, an accelerator pedal depression amount signal obtained by an accelerator pedal sensor 2029, a brake pedal depression amount signal obtained by a brake pedal sensor 2026, a shift lever operation signal obtained by a shift lever sensor 2027, and a detection signal for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc. obtained by an object detection sensor 2028.

[0088] The information service unit 2012 is composed of various devices, such as a car navigation system, an audio system, speakers, a television, and a radio, for providing (outputting) various types of information, such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, and one or more ECUs for controlling these devices. The information service unit 2012 uses information acquired from external devices via the communication module 2013 or the like to provide various types of multimedia information and multimedia services to the occupants of the vehicle 2001. The information service unit 2012 may include input devices (e.g., a keyboard, a mouse, a microphone, a switch, a button, a sensor, a touch panel, etc.) that accept input from the outside, and may also include output devices (e.g., a display, a speaker, an LED lamp, a touch panel, etc.) that output information to the outside.

[0089] The driving assistance system unit 2030 is composed of various devices that provide functions for preventing accidents and reducing the driving burden on the driver, such as millimeter-wave radar, LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging), cameras, positioning locators (e.g., GNSS, etc.), map information (e.g., high-definition (HD) maps, autonomous vehicle (AV) maps, etc.), gyro systems (e.g., IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit), INS (Inertial Navigation System), etc.), AI (Artificial Intelligence) chips, and AI processors, as well as one or more ECUs that control these devices. In addition, the driving assistance system unit 2030 transmits and receives various information via the communication module 2013 to realize the driving assistance function or the autonomous driving function.

[0090] The communication module 2013 can communicate with the microprocessor 2031 and components of the vehicle 2001 via the communication port. For example, the communication module 2013 transmits and receives data via the communication port 2033 to and from the drive unit 2002, steering unit 2003, accelerator pedal 2004, brake pedal 2005, shift lever 2006, front wheels 2007, rear wheels 2008, axle 2009, microprocessor 2031 and memory (ROM, RAM) 2032 in the electronic control unit 2010, and sensors 2021 to 29, which are provided in the vehicle 2001.

[0091] The communication module 2013 is a communication device that can be controlled by the microprocessor 2031 of the electronic control unit 2010 and can communicate with an external device. For example, it transmits and receives various information to and from the external device via wireless communication. The communication module 2013 may be located either inside or outside the electronic control unit 2010. The external device may be, for example, a base station, a mobile station, or the like.

[0092] The communication module 2013 may transmit at least one of signals from the above-mentioned various sensors 2021-2028 input to the electronic control unit 2010, information obtained based on the signals, and information based on input from the outside (user) obtained via the information service unit 2012 to an external device via wireless communication. The electronic control unit 2010, the various sensors 2021-2028, the information service unit 2012, etc. may be referred to as input units that accept input. For example, the PUSCH transmitted by the communication module 2013 may include information based on the above-mentioned input.

[0093] The communication module 2013 receives various information (traffic information, traffic signal information, vehicle-to-vehicle information, etc.) transmitted from external devices and displays it on an information service unit 2012 provided in the vehicle 2001. The information service unit 2012 may be called an output unit that outputs information (for example, outputs information to a device such as a display or speaker based on the PDSCH (or data / information decoded from the PDSCH) received by the communication module 2013). The communication module 2013 also stores the various information received from external devices in a memory 2032 that can be used by the microprocessor 2031. Based on the information stored in the memory 2032, the microprocessor 2031 may control the drive unit 2002, steering unit 2003, accelerator pedal 2004, brake pedal 2005, shift lever 2006, front wheels 2007, rear wheels 2008, axles 2009, sensors 2021 to 2029, etc. provided in the vehicle 2001.

[0094] (Summary of embodiment) As described above, according to the embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a terminal having: a receiving unit that receives, from a base station, restriction information that restricts terminals that access using a setting profile; a control unit that, when access using the setting profile is performed, derives a first access identity corresponding to the access using the setting profile and a first factor value corresponding to the first access identity, and obtains, based on the first access identity, a first confirmation result regarding whether or not the network restricted by the restriction information is accessible; and a transmitting unit that, when the first confirmation result indicates that access is possible, transmits a wireless connection setup request including the first factor value to the base station.

[0095] With the above configuration, in the communication system, it is possible to distinguish between terminals that access using an operational profile and terminals that access using a configuration profile and to implement access restrictions on such terminals.

[0096] When performing access using a priority setting profile, the control unit may derive a second access identity corresponding to access using the priority setting profile and a second factor value corresponding to the second access identity, and determine that access to a network restricted by the restriction information is possible, and the transmission unit may transmit a wireless connection setting request including the second factor value to the base station.

[0097] With the above configuration, in the communication system, it is possible to distinguish between terminals that access using an operational profile and terminals that access using a configuration profile and to implement access restrictions on such terminals.

[0098] Furthermore, according to an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a base station having: a receiving unit that receives from a network node a message including a request for reducing access by terminals other than those accessing using an operational profile; a control unit that calculates an access permission rate for terminals accessing using a configuration profile based on the access reduction rate included in the message; and a transmitting unit that transmits to a terminal restriction information that restricts terminals accessing using the configuration profile, including the access permission rate.

[0099] With the above configuration, in the communication system, it is possible to distinguish between terminals that access using an operational profile and terminals that access using a configuration profile and to implement access restrictions on such terminals.

[0100] Furthermore, according to an embodiment of the present invention, a base station is provided which includes: a receiving unit that receives from a network node a message including a request for reducing access by terminals other than those accessing using an operational profile; a control unit that calculates an access permission rate for terminals accessing using a configuration profile based on the access reduction rate included in the message; and a receiving unit that receives from a terminal a wireless connection setting request including a factor value indicating that the access is using the configuration profile, wherein the control unit executes access restriction on the terminal that sent the wireless connection setting request based on the access permission rate.

[0101] With the above configuration, in the communication system, it is possible to distinguish between terminals that access using an operational profile and terminals that access using a configuration profile and to implement access restrictions on such terminals.

[0102] Furthermore, according to an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a communication method executed by a terminal, comprising the steps of: receiving, from a base station, restriction information that restricts a terminal that accesses using a setting profile; when access is performed using the setting profile, deriving a first access identity corresponding to the access using the setting profile and a first factor value corresponding to the first access identity, and obtaining, based on the first access identity, a first confirmation result regarding whether or not the network restricted by the restriction information is accessible; and, if the first confirmation result indicates access is possible, transmitting a wireless connection setup request including the first factor value to the base station.

[0103] With the above configuration, in the communication system, it is possible to distinguish between terminals that access using an operational profile and terminals that access using a configuration profile and to implement access restrictions on such terminals.

[0104] (Supplementary Notes on the Embodiments) Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the disclosed invention is not limited to such embodiments, and those skilled in the art will understand various modifications, alterations, alternatives, and substitutions. While specific numerical examples have been used to facilitate understanding of the invention, unless otherwise specified, these numerical values ​​are merely examples, and any appropriate values ​​may be used. The division of items in the above description is not essential to the present invention; matters described in two or more items may be used in combination as needed, and matters described in one item may apply to matters described in another item (as long as there is no contradiction). Boundaries between functional units or processing units in functional block diagrams do not necessarily correspond to boundaries between physical components. The operations of multiple functional units may be performed by a single physical component, or the operations of a single functional unit may be performed by multiple physical components. The order of processing steps described in the embodiments may be reversed as long as there is no contradiction. For convenience of processing description, the base station 10 and terminal 20 have been described using functional block diagrams, but such devices may be realized by hardware, software, or a combination thereof. The software operated by the processor of the base station 10 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention and the software operated by the processor of the terminal 20 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention may each be stored in random access memory (RAM), flash memory, read-only memory (ROM), EPROM, EEPROM, register, hard disk (HDD), removable disk, CD-ROM, database, server, or any other suitable storage medium.

[0105] Furthermore, the notification of information is not limited to the aspects / embodiments described in the present disclosure, and may be performed using other methods. For example, the notification of information may be performed by physical layer signaling (e.g., Downlink Control Information (DCI), Uplink Control Information (UCI)), higher layer signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling), broadcast information (Master Information Block (MIB), System Information Block (SIB)), other signals, or a combination thereof. Furthermore, the RRC signaling may be referred to as an RRC message, and may be, for example, an RRC Connection Setup message, an RRC Connection Reconfiguration message, or the like.

[0106] Each aspect / embodiment described in the present disclosure may be implemented using any of the following standards: LTE (Long Term Evolution), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4G (4th generation mobile communication system), 5G (5th generation mobile communication system), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), xth generation mobile communication system (xG) (xG (x is, for example, an integer or a decimal number)), FRA (Future Radio Access), NR (new Radio), New radio access (NX), Future generation radio access (FX), W-CDMA (registered trademark), GSM (registered trademark), CDMA2000, UMB (Ultra Mobile Broadband), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.17 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.19 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.20 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.21 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.22 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.23 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.24 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.25 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.26 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.27 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.28 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.29 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.30 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.31 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.32 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.33 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.34 ( The present invention may be applied to at least one of systems using 802.20, UWB (Ultra-Wide Band), Bluetooth (registered trademark), or other suitable systems, and next-generation systems that are extended, modified, created, or defined based on these systems. The present invention may also be applied to a combination of multiple systems (e.g., a combination of LTE and / or LTE-A with 5G).

[0107] The order of the procedures, sequences, flowcharts, etc. of each aspect / embodiment described herein may be rearranged unless it is consistent. For example, the methods described in this disclosure present elements of various steps using an example order and are not limited to the particular order presented.

[0108] In this specification, a specific operation described as being performed by the base station 10 may be performed by its upper node in some cases. In a network consisting of one or more network nodes having the base station 10, it is clear that various operations performed for communication with the terminal 20 may be performed by at least one of the base station 10 and another network node other than the base station 10 (such as, but not limited to, an MME or an S-GW). Although the above example illustrates a case where there is one other network node other than the base station 10, the other network node may be a combination of multiple other network nodes (such as an MME and an S-GW).

[0109] The information, signals, etc. described in the present disclosure may be output from a higher layer (or a lower layer) to a lower layer (or a higher layer), or may be input / output via multiple network nodes.

[0110] Input and output information may be stored in a specific location (for example, memory) or may be managed using a management table. Input and output information may be overwritten, updated, or added to. Output information may be deleted. Input information may be transmitted to another device.

[0111] In the present disclosure, the determination may be made by a value represented by one bit (0 or 1), by a Boolean value (true or false), or by a comparison of numerical values ​​(e.g., comparison with a predetermined value).

[0112] Software shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, threads of execution, procedures, functions, etc., whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise.

[0113] Software, instructions, information, etc. may also be transmitted or received over a transmission medium. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using wired technologies (such as coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)), and / or wireless technologies (such as infrared, microwave), then these wired and / or wireless technologies are included within the definition of transmission media.

[0114] The information, signals, etc. described in this disclosure may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc. that may be referred to throughout the above description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or photons, or any combination thereof.

[0115] Note that terms described in this disclosure and terms necessary for understanding this disclosure may be replaced with terms having the same or similar meanings. For example, at least one of a channel and a symbol may be a signal (signaling). Furthermore, a signal may be a message. Furthermore, a component carrier (CC) may be called a carrier frequency, a cell, a frequency carrier, etc.

[0116] As used in this disclosure, the terms "system" and "network" are used interchangeably.

[0117] Furthermore, the information, parameters, etc. described in the present disclosure may be expressed using absolute values, may be expressed using relative values ​​from a predetermined value, or may be expressed using other corresponding information. For example, a radio resource may be indicated by an index.

[0118] The names used for the above-described parameters are not intended to be limiting in any way. Furthermore, the mathematical expressions using these parameters may differ from those explicitly disclosed in this disclosure. The various channels (e.g., PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements may be identified by any suitable names, and therefore the various names assigned to these various channels and information elements are not intended to be limiting in any way.

[0119] In the present disclosure, terms such as "base station (BS)," "radio base station," "base station device," "fixed station," "NodeB," "eNodeB (eNB)," "gNodeB (gNB)," "access point," "transmission point," "reception point," "transmission / reception point," "cell," "sector," "cell group," "carrier," and "component carrier" may be used interchangeably. A base station may also be referred to by terms such as a macrocell, a small cell, a femtocell, and a picocell.

[0120] A base station can accommodate one or more (e.g., three) cells. When a base station accommodates multiple cells, the overall coverage area of ​​the base station can be partitioned into multiple smaller areas, and each smaller area can also be provided with communication services by a base station subsystem (e.g., a small indoor base station (RRH: Remote Radio Head)). The terms "cell" or "sector" refer to part or all of the coverage area of ​​a base station and / or base station subsystem that provides communication services within that coverage.

[0121] In the present disclosure, the base station transmitting information to a terminal may be interpreted as the base station instructing the terminal to control or operate based on the information.

[0122] In this disclosure, the terms "Mobile Station (MS)," "user terminal," "User Equipment (UE)," "terminal," and the like may be used interchangeably.

[0123] A mobile station may also be referred to by those skilled in the art as a subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handset, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other suitable terminology.

[0124] At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be referred to as a transmitting device, a receiving device, a communication device, etc. At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device mounted on a mobile object, the mobile object itself, etc. The mobile object refers to a movable object, and may move at any speed. Naturally, this also includes cases where the mobile object is stationary. Examples of the mobile object include, but are not limited to, vehicles, transport vehicles, automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, connected cars, excavators, bulldozers, wheel loaders, dump trucks, forklifts, trains, buses, handcars, rickshaws, ships and other watercraft, airplanes, rockets, satellites, drones (registered trademark), multicopters, quadcopters, balloons, and objects mounted thereon. The mobile object may also be a mobile object that moves autonomously based on an operational command. It may be a vehicle (e.g., a car, an airplane, etc.), an unmanned mobile object (e.g., a drone, an autonomous vehicle, etc.), or a robot (manned or unmanned). At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device that does not necessarily move during communication operations. For example, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be an IoT (Internet of Things) device such as a sensor.

[0125] Furthermore, a base station in the present disclosure may be read as a user terminal. For example, the aspects / embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied to a configuration in which communication between a base station and a user terminal is replaced with communication between multiple terminals 20 (which may be called, for example, Device-to-Device (D2D) or Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X)). In this case, the terminal 20 may be configured to have the functions of the base station 10 described above. Furthermore, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" may be read as terms corresponding to terminal-to-terminal communication (for example, "side"). For example, terms such as an uplink channel and a downlink channel may be read as a side channel.

[0126] Similarly, the user terminal in the present disclosure may be read as a base station, in which case the base station may be configured to have the functions of the user terminal described above.

[0127] As used in this disclosure, the terms "determining" and "determining" may encompass a wide variety of actions. "Determining" and "determining" may include, for example, judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up, searching, inquiring (e.g., searching in a table, database, or other data structure), ascertaining, and the like. "Determining" and "determining" may also include receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., sending information), input, output, accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory), and the like. Furthermore, "judgment" and "decision" can include regarding resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, comparing, etc. as having been "judged" or "decided." In other words, "judgment" and "decision" can include regarding some action as having been "judged" or "decided." Furthermore, "judgment (decision)" can be interpreted as "assuming," "expecting," "considering," etc.

[0128] The terms "connected," "coupled," or any variation thereof, refer to any direct or indirect connection or coupling between two or more elements, and may include the presence of one or more intermediate elements between two elements that are "connected" or "coupled" to each other. The coupling or connection between elements may be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. For example, "connected" may be read as "access." As used in this disclosure, two elements may be considered to be "connected" or "coupled" to each other using one or more wires, cables, and / or printed electrical connections, as well as electromagnetic energy having wavelengths in the radio frequency range, microwave range, and optical (both visible and invisible) range, as some non-limiting and non-exhaustive examples.

[0129] The reference signal may be abbreviated as RS (Reference Signal) or may be called a pilot depending on the applicable standard.

[0130] As used in this disclosure, the phrase "based on" does not mean "based only on," unless expressly stated otherwise. In other words, the phrase "based on" means both "based only on" and "based at least on."

[0131] As used in this disclosure, any reference to an element using a designation such as "first," "second," etc. does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient method of distinguishing between two or more elements. Thus, a reference to a first and a second element does not imply that only two elements may be employed or that the first element must in some way precede the second element.

[0132] The "means" in the configuration of each of the above devices may be replaced with "part," "circuit," "device," etc.

[0133] When the terms "include," "including," and variations thereof are used in this disclosure, these terms are intended to be inclusive, similar to the term "comprising." Furthermore, when the term "or" is used in this disclosure, it is not intended to be an exclusive or.

[0134] In this disclosure, where articles are added by translation, such as a, an, and the in English, the disclosure may include that the nouns following these articles are in the plural form.

[0135] In the present disclosure, the term "A and B are different" may mean "A and B are different from each other." The term may also mean "A and B are each different from C." Terms such as "separate" and "coupled" may also be interpreted in the same way as "different."

[0136] The aspects / embodiments described in this disclosure may be used alone, in combination, or switched depending on the implementation. Notification of predetermined information (e.g., notification that "X is true") is not limited to explicit notification, but may be implicit (e.g., not notifying the predetermined information).

[0137] Although the present disclosure has been described in detail above, it is clear to those skilled in the art that the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described herein. The present disclosure can be implemented in modified and altered forms without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure as defined by the claims. Therefore, the description of the present disclosure is intended to be illustrative and does not have any limiting meaning on the present disclosure.

[0138] 10 Base station 110 Transmitter 120 Receiver 130 Setting unit 140 Control unit 20 Terminal 210 Transmitter 220 Receiver 230 Setting unit 240 Control unit 30 Network node 1001 Processor 1002 Storage device 1003 Auxiliary storage device 1004 Communication device 1005 Input device 1006 Output device 2001 Vehicle 2002 Drive unit 2003 Steering unit 2004 Accelerator pedal 2005 Brake pedal 2006 Shift lever 2007 Front wheels 2008 Rear wheels 2009 Axle 2010 Electronic control unit 2012 Information service unit 2013 Communication module 2021 Current sensor 2022 RPM sensor 2023 Tire pressure sensor 2024 Vehicle speed sensor 2025 Acceleration sensor 2026 Brake pedal sensor 2027 Shift lever sensor 2028 Object detection sensor 2029 Accelerator pedal sensor 2030 Driving assistance system unit 2031 Microprocessor 2032 Memory (ROM, RAM) 2033 Communication port (IO port)

Claims

1. A terminal having a receiving unit that receives from a base station restriction information that restricts a terminal that accesses using a setting profile; a control unit that, when accessing using the setting profile, derives a first access identity corresponding to the access using the setting profile and a first factor value corresponding to the first access identity, and obtains a first confirmation result regarding whether or not access is possible to a network restricted by the restriction information based on the first access identity; and a transmitting unit that, when the first confirmation result indicates access is possible, transmits a wireless connection setting request including the first factor value to the base station.

2. The terminal described in claim 1, wherein, when performing access using a priority setting profile, the control unit derives a second access identity corresponding to access using the priority setting profile and a second factor value corresponding to the second access identity, and determines that access to a network restricted by the restriction information is possible, and the transmission unit transmits a wireless connection setting request including the second factor value to the base station.

3. A base station having a receiving unit that receives a message from a network node including a request for reducing access by terminals other than those accessing using an operational profile; a control unit that calculates an access permission ratio for terminals accessing using a configuration profile based on the access reduction ratio included in the message; and a transmitting unit that transmits restriction information to a terminal, the restriction information including the access permission ratio, for restricting terminals accessing using the configuration profile.

4. A base station comprising: a receiving unit that receives from a network node a message including a request for reducing access by terminals other than those accessing using an operational profile; a control unit that calculates an access permission ratio for terminals accessing using a configuration profile based on the access reduction ratio included in the message; and a receiving unit that receives from a terminal a wireless connection setting request including a factor value indicating that the access is using the configuration profile, wherein the control unit executes access restriction for the terminal that sent the wireless connection setting request based on the access permission ratio.

5. A communications method executed by a terminal, comprising the steps of: receiving from a base station restriction information that restricts a terminal that accesses using a setting profile; when access is performed using the setting profile, deriving a first access identity corresponding to the access using the setting profile and a first factor value corresponding to the first access identity, and obtaining a first confirmation result regarding whether or not access is possible to a network restricted by the restriction information based on the first access identity; and when the first confirmation result indicates that access is possible, transmitting a wireless connection setting request including the first factor value to the base station.

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