Assistance for sensing operation
The proposed scheme for reporting assistance information and configuring sensing operations in 5G systems addresses inefficiencies in current sensing technologies by determining optimal sensing configurations, thereby enhancing efficiency and reducing power consumption.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2023/118005
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2023-09-11
- Publication Date
- 2025-03-20
AI Technical Summary
Current sensing technologies in 5G systems are inefficient, leading to unnecessary configuration of sensing behaviors and devices, which can result in ineffective sensing operations due to unavailable or low-efficiency sensing procedures.
A scheme for reporting assistance information and configuring sensing operations is proposed, where a first device determines assistance information associated with a sensing operation and transmits it to a second device, which then determines the configuration for the sensing operation based on the received information.
This approach improves sensing efficiency by avoiding the configuration of unavailable or low-efficiency sensing procedures, reducing latency and power consumption, and enhancing the overall coverage of sensing operations.
Smart Images

Figure CN2023118005_20032025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
ASSISTANCE FOR SENSING OPERATIONTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] Various example embodiments of this present disclosure generally relate to the field of communications, and in particular, some example embodiments relate to devices, methods, and computer readable storage media for an assistance for a sensing operation.BACKGROUND
[0002] Currently, the sensing technology is still in its early stages of development. In the 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) , there is an ongoing study item (SI) on sensing (FS_sensing) , which studies use cases and potential requirements for enhancements of the fifth generation (5G) system to provide integrated communication and sensing services addressing different target verticals / applications, e.g., autonomous / assisted driving, V2X, aviation / UAVs, 3D map reconstruction, smart city / factories, public sectors, healthcare, smart home, maritime sector, etc. Enhancements on the sensing related procedure are still needed.SUMMARY
[0003] In general, example embodiments of the present disclosure provide a solution for state transitions in wakeup signal monitoring.
[0004] In a first aspect, there is provided a first device. The first device comprises at least one processor and at least one memory storing instructions. The instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the first device at least to: determine assistance information associated to a sensing operation; and transmit, to a second device, the assistance information for the sensing operation.
[0005] In a second aspect, there is provided a second device. The second device comprises at least one processor and at least one memory storing instructions. The instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the second device at least to: receive, from a first device, assistance information for a sensing operation; and determine a configuration for the sensing operation based on the assistance information.
[0006] In a third aspect, there is provided a method. The method comprises: determining, at a first device, assistance information associated to a sensing operation; and transmitting, to a second device, the assistance information for the sensing operation.
[0007] In a fourth aspect, there is provided a method. The method comprises: receiving, at a second device and from a first device, assistance information for a sensing operation; and determining a configuration for the sensing operation based on the assistance information.
[0008] In a fifth aspect, there is provided an apparatus. The apparatus comprises: means for determining assistance information associated to a sensing operation; and means for transmitting, to a second device, the assistance information for the sensing operation.
[0009] In sixth aspect, there is provided an apparatus. The apparatus comprises: means for receiving, from a first device, assistance information for a sensing operation; and means for determining a configuration for the sensing operation based on the assistance information.
[0010] In a seventh aspect, there is provided a terminal device. The terminal device comprises determining circuitry configured to determine assistance information associated to a sensing operation; and transmitting circuitry configured to transmit, to a second device, the assistance information for the sensing operation.
[0011] In an eighth aspect, there is provided a network device. The network device comprises receiving circuitry configured to receive, from a first device, assistance information for a sensing operation; and determining circuitry configured to determine a configuration for the sensing operation based on the assistance information.
[0012] In a ninth aspect, there is provided a non-transitory computer readable medium comprising program instructions for causing an apparatus to perform at least the method according to any one of the above third to fourth aspects.
[0013] In a tenth aspect, there is provided a computer program comprising instructions, which, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus at least to perform at least the method according to any one of the above third to fourth aspects.
[0014] It is to be understood that the summary section is not intended to identify key or essential features of embodiments of the present disclosure, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Other features of the present disclosure will become easily comprehensible through the following description.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0015] Some example embodiments will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
[0016] FIG. 1A illustrates an example of a network environment in which some example embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented;
[0017] FIGS. 1B-1G illustrate some example sensing architectures in which embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented;
[0018] FIG. 2 illustrates a flowchart illustrating a communication process in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0019] FIG. 3 illustrates an example communication process related to a sensing procedure involving assistance from the terminal device in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0020] FIG. 4 illustrates a flowchart of a method implemented at a first device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0021] FIG. 5 illustrates a flowchart of a method implemented at a second device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0022] FIG. 6 illustrates a simplified block diagram of an apparatus that is suitable for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure; and
[0023] FIG. 7 illustrates a block diagram of an example computer readable medium in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0024] Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals are intended to represent the same or similar elements.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0025] Principles of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some embodiments. It is to be understood that these embodiments are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitation as to the scope of the disclosure. The disclosure described herein can be implemented in various manners other than the ones described below.
[0026] In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
[0027] References in the present disclosure to “one embodiment, ” “an embodiment, ” “an example embodiment, ” and the like indicate that the embodiment described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but it is not necessary that every embodiment includes the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment. Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to affect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described.
[0028] It shall be understood that although the terms “first” and “second” etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first element could be termed a second element, and similarly, a second element could be termed a first element, without departing from the scope of example embodiments. As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the listed terms.
[0029] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments. As used herein, the singular forms “a” , “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” , “comprising” , “has” , “having” , “includes” and / or “including” , when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, elements, and / or components etc., but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components and / or combinations thereof. As used herein, “at least one of the following: <a list of two or more elements>” and “at least one of <a list of two or more elements>” and similar wording, where the list of two or more elements are joined by “and” or “or” , mean at least any one of the elements, or at least any two or more of the elements, or at least all the elements.
[0030] As used in this application, the term “circuitry” may refer to one or more or all of the following:
[0031] (a) hardware-only circuit implementations (such as implementations in only analog and / or digital circuitry) and
[0032] (b) combinations of hardware circuits and software, such as (as applicable) :
[0033] (i) a combination of analog and / or digital hardware circuit (s) with software / firmware and
[0034] (ii) any portions of hardware processor (s) with software (including digital signal processor (s) ) , software, and memory (ies) that work together to cause an apparatus, such as a mobile phone or server, to perform various functions) and
[0035] (c) hardware circuit (s) and or processor (s) , such as a microprocessor (s) or a portion of a microprocessor (s) , that requires software (e.g., firmware) for operation, but the software may not be present when it is not needed for operation.
[0036] This definition of circuitry applies to all uses of this term in this application, including in any claims. As a further example, as used in this application, the term circuitry also covers an implementation of merely a hardware circuit or processor (or multiple processors) or portion of a hardware circuit or processor and its (or their) accompanying software and / or firmware. The term circuitry also covers, for example and if applicable to the particular claim element, a baseband integrated circuit or processor integrated circuit for a mobile device or a similar integrated circuit in server, a cellular network device, or other computing or network device.
[0037] As used herein, the term “communication network” refers to a network following any suitable communication standards, such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) , LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) , Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) , High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA) , Narrow Band Internet of Things (NB-IoT) and so on. Furthermore, the communications between a terminal device and a network device in the communication network may be performed according to any suitable generation communication protocols, including, but not limited to, the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , 2.5G, 2.75G, the third generation (3G) , the fourth generation (4G) , 4.5G, the fifth generation (5G) , the future sixth generation (6G) communication protocols, and / or any other protocols either currently known or to be developed in the future. Embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied in various communication systems. Given the rapid development in communications, there will of course also be future type communication technologies and systems with which the present disclosure may be embodied. It should not be seen as limiting the scope of the present disclosure to only the aforementioned system.
[0038] As used herein, the term “network device” refers to a node in a communication network via which a terminal device accesses the network and receives services therefrom. The network device may refer to a base station (BS) or an access point (AP) , for example, a node B (NodeB or NB) , an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a NR NB (also referred to as a gNB) , a gNB distributed unit (gNB-DU) , a gNB central unit (gNB-CU) , a Remote Radio Unit (RRU) , a radio header (RH) , a remote radio head (RRH) , a relay, a low power node such as a femto, a pico, and so forth, depending on the applied terminology and technology.
[0039] The term “terminal device” refers to any end device that may be capable of wireless communication. By way of example rather than limitation, a terminal device may also be referred to as a communication device, user equipment (UE) , a Subscriber Station (SS) , a Portable Subscriber Station, a Mobile Station (MS) , or an Access Terminal (AT) . The terminal device may include, but not limited to, a mobile phone, a cellular phone, a smart phone, voice over IP (VoIP) phones, wireless local loop phones, a tablet, a wearable terminal device, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , portable computers, desktop computer, image capture terminal devices such as digital cameras, gaming terminal devices, music storage and playback appliances, vehicle-mounted wireless terminal devices, wireless endpoints, mobile stations, laptop-embedded equipment (LEE) , laptop-mounted equipment (LME) , USB dongles, smart devices, wireless customer-premises equipment (CPE) , an Internet of Things (loT) device, a watch or other wearable, a head-mounted display (HMD) , a vehicle, a drone, a medical device and applications (e.g., remote surgery) , an industrial device and applications (e.g., a robot and / or other wireless devices operating in an industrial and / or an automated processing chain contexts) , a consumer electronics device, a device operating on commercial and / or industrial wireless networks, and the like. In the following description, the terms “terminal device” , “communication device” , “terminal” , “user equipment” and “UE” may be used interchangeably.
[0040] As mentioned above, the objectives of an ongoing SI include studying use cases and potential requirements for enhancements of the 5G system to provide integrated communication and sensing services addressing different target verticals / applications. A technical report (TR) 22.837 regarding study on integrated sensing and communication have been created for Rel-19 in 3GPP SA1#98-e. A Rel-19 SI proposal RP-223118 regarding study on channel modeling design for sensing analysis was raised for approval in 3GPP TSG RAN#98e Dec 2022.
[0041] However, till now, all the sensing related procedures are similar with positioning procedures. The sensing-capable UE needs to report the sensing capability of the UE to the network. Then, the network configures the UE to do some sensing based on requirements from the network side or collected from the network side. The network may configure the UE to sense a target object or a target UE according to the sensing capability of the UE, although the network does not know the real state of the sensing-capable UE. Based on the sensing configuration received from the network, the UE should perform sensing operations and report the sensing results to the network. The network will check whether the sensing results reported by the UE is useful or not. The network may need to configure other sensing-capable UEs to perform more sensing operations if the reported sensing results can not satisfy the sensing requirement. Or the network may need to configure in advance more sensing-capable UEs to perform sensing operations in case some sensing results reported by some UEs cannot satisfy the sensing requirement, i.e. some sensing result (s) are not helpful for the sensing requirement.
[0042] Such sensing procedure is inefficient and may result in the network having to configure more sensing behaviors or configure more UEs to perform sensing. Even this may not fulfill the sensing requirements in cases where some UEs with sensing capabilities are not able to sense the target object at certain times due to, for example, the UE being far away from the target object. Thus, it needs to be well studied and designed on how to improve the efficiency of the sensing procedure.
[0043] In some example embodiments of the present disclosure, a scheme of reporting assistance information and configuring the sensing operation thereby is proposed. For example, a first device associated with a sensing operation may determine assistance information associated with the sensing operation and transmit the assistance information to a second device associated with the sensing operation. The second device may determine a configuration for the sensing operation based on the assistance information. The assistance information may provide good and effective assistance for the second device to know whether the sensing behavior of the first device is valuable and how to configure (e.g., adjust) the sensing operation, so as to avoid configuring unavailable sensing or low-efficiency sensing procedure, and to improve the sensing efficiency with reduced latency and reduce power consumption of sensing. In general, various example embodiments of the present disclosure may provide one or more solutions for performing a coverage enhancement for sensing coverage.
[0044] FIG. 1A illustrates an example of a network environment 100 in which some example embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented. In the descriptions of the example embodiments of the present disclosure, the network environment 100 may also be referred to as a communication system 100 (for example, a portion of a communication network) where the communication system 100 may be an NR system, a Wi-Fi system, or the like. For illustrative purposes only, various aspects of example embodiments will be described in the context of one or more terminal devices and network devices that communicate with one another. It should be appreciated, however, that the description herein may be applicable to other types of apparatus or other similar apparatuses that are referenced using other terminology.
[0045] As shown in FIG. 1A, the network environment 100 includes one or more terminal devices 110-1, …, 110-N (collectively referred to as terminal devices 110) and a network device 120. The network device 120 can provide services to the terminal devices 110, and the network device 120 and the terminal devices 110 may communicate data and control information with each other. In some embodiments, the network device 120 and the terminal devices 110 may communicate with direct links / channels, e.g. over the Uu interface.
[0046] In some embodiments, the terminal devices 110 and the network device 120 may sense for stationary or moving objects around the terminal devices 110, e.g., using time-difference-of-arrival (TDoA) , angle-of-arrival (AoA) , angle-of-departure (AoD) measurements, received signal strength indication (RSSI) , etc. In some implementations, the network device 120 may serve as a sensing transmitter (also referred to as a sounder) of a sensing system and the terminal devices 110 may serve as sensing receivers (also referred to as sensors) of the sensing system.
[0047] The sensing system including the sensing transmitter and the sensing receiver may be used for sensing one or more targets (e.g., the target 130 is shown in FIG. 1A) . In the following description, the terms “sensing target” , “target” , “sensing object” and “target object” may be used interchangeably. Transparent sensing is a use case in which sensing data is captured by the terminal devices 110 and communicated to the network device 120 so that the 5G system is aware of the sensing information. From this information, service enablers can be defined. One example of such information is location data whose corresponding service enabler is Location Based Services.
[0048] For example, the network device 120 may transmit a sensing signal to the target 130. The terminal devices 110 may receive the sensing signal reflected from the target 130. The terminal devices 110 may report the sensing results to the network device 120.
[0049] In the network environment 100, the network device 120 (sensing transmitter) may be implemented as a gNB and the terminal devices 110 (sensing receivers) may be implemented as UEs. In some other example embodiments, the network device 120 (sensing transmitter) may be implemented as an AP and the terminal devices 110 (sensing receivers) may be implemented as a station (STA) . However, it is to be understood that the terminal devices 110 and the network device 120 may be implemented in other forms, which will not be listed for brevity.
[0050] It is to be understood that the numbers of devices, apparatuses, objects, and their connection relationships and types shown in FIG. 1A are only for the purpose of illustration. The network environment 100 may include any suitable numbers of devices, apparatuses, objects configured to implement example embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0051] For a sensing session, some sensing entity roles according to some example embodiments will be described as follows:
[0052] Sensing receiver: a sensing receiver may be an entity that receives the sensing signal, which the sensing service can use in its operation. A sensing receiver may be implemented as an NR RAN node or a UE. A sensing receiver may be located in the same entity as the sensing transmitter or a different entity from the sensing transmitter.
[0053] Sensing transmitter: a sensing transmitter may be an entity that sends out the sensing signal which the sensing service can use in its operation. The sensing transmitter may be implemented as an NR RAN node or a UE. A sensing transmitter may be located in the same entity as the sensing receiver or a different entity from as the sensing receiver.
[0054] Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) is a technology of 5G-Advanced (5G-A) and 6G. This technology may involve the integration of communication and sensing functions in a single system to enable (or otherwise facilitate) efficient sharing of resources. The ISAC design can allow communication and sensing functions to share the same resources, such as the frequency band and hardware, to improve spectrum efficiency and reduce costs. With the widely deployed communication infrastructure, such as 5G base stations, integrating sensing functions into communication systems has become a hot topic in recent years. This technology can be widely used in typical application scenarios, such as smart transportation, low-altitude airspace, smart living, and smart networks. In achieving wireless sensing capability for certain 5G network implementations, network transformation and upgrades may prove beneficial.
[0055] Communication and sensing fusion can, in some example embodiments, achieve a unified design of communication and sensing functions through signal joint design and / or hardware sharing. The sensing part in communication and sensing fusion can be understood in terms of a wireless sensing technology, based on the communication system. Generally speaking, wireless signals are emitted towards the target area or object, and the received echo signals are analyzed to obtain corresponding sensing measurement information.
[0056] Therefore, wireless communication networks may have intrinsic wireless sensing capabilities. Base stations and terminals may, in some example embodiments, have both communication and sensing capabilities, which provide sensing services for various applications. The integration of communication and sensing functions in a single system may offer several benefits, including increased spectrum efficiency, reduced costs, and improved performance.
[0057] FIGS. 1B-1G illustrate some example sensing architectures in which embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented. FIG. 1B may be regarded as a mono-static network based architecture 11, where a single gNB 11-1 acts as a sounder and a sensor. FIG. 1C may be regarded as a bi-static (or multi-static) network based architecture 12, where one gNB 12-1 acts as a sounder and another gNB 12-2 (or other gNBs) acts as a sensor. FIG. 1D may be regarded as a mono-static UE based architecture 13, where a single UE 13-1 acts as a sounder and a sensor. FIG. 1E may be regarded as a bi-static (or multi-static) UE based architecture 14, where one UE 14-1 acts as a sounder and another UE 14-2 (or other UEs) acts as a sensor. FIG. 1F may be regarded as a DL-based collaborative architecture 15, where one gNB 15-1 acts as a sounder and one UE 15-2 (or multiple UEs) acts as a sensor. FIG. 1G may be regarded as a UL-based collaborative architecture 16, where one UE 16-1 acts as a sounder and one gNB 16-2 (or multiple gNBs) acts as a sensor.
[0058] Some example embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied in the architectures as shown in FIGS. 1B-1G. It should be understood that embodiments of the present disclosure also apply to other similar architectures.
[0059] FIG. 2 illustrates a flowchart illustrating a communication process 200 in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. The communication process 200 may involve a first device 210 and a second device 220.
[0060] For the purpose of discussion, the communication process 200 will be described with reference to FIG. 1A. In some embodiments, the first device 210 may be implemented as the terminal device 110-1 in FIG. 1A and the second device 220 may be implemented as the network device 120 in FIG. 1A. Although the communication process 200 has been described with reference to the network environment 100 of FIG. 1A, this communication process 200 may be likewise applied to other similar communication scenarios. For example, the communication process 200 may be applied to the architectures as shown in FIGS. 1B-1G. Some example implementations of the present disclosure will be described in detail below.
[0061] As shown in FIG. 2, the first device 210 determines 201 assistance information 203 associated to a sensing operation and transmits 202 the assistance information 203 to the second device 220 for the sensing operation. After receiving 204 the assistance information 203, the second device 220 determines a configuration for the sensing operation based on the assistance information. In this manner, the assistance information may provide assistance for the second device to know whether the sensing behavior of the first device is valuable and how to configure (e.g., adjust) the sensing operation, so as to avoid configuring unavailable sensing or low-efficiency sensing procedure, and to improve the sensing efficiency with reduced latency and reduce power consumption of sensing.
[0062] In some embodiments, the first device 210 may be implemented as a sensing reception device for a sensing operation and the second device 220 may be implemented as a network device, e.g., a base station or an apparatus in the core network that hosts or includes a sensing management function (SeMF) . For example, the network device may determine the configuration for the sensing operation based on the assistance information from the sensing reception device. The sensing system may then perform the sensing operation based on the configuration. In the following description, the terms “sensing reception device” , “sensing receiver” and “sensor” may be used interchangeably.
[0063] In some alternative embodiments, the first device 210 may be implemented as a sensing transmission device for a sensing operation and the second device 220 may be implemented as a network device, e.g., an apparatus in the core network that hosts or includes a sensing management function (SeMF) . In some implementations, the sensing transmission device may be a terminal device or a network device, e.g., a base station. For example, the sensing transmission device may transmit a sensing signal to the sensing target and monitor responses or feedbacks regarding the signal quality of the sensing signal from the terminal device. The sensing transmission device may determine the assistance information based on the monitoring and report the assistance information to the second device 220 (i.e., the network device) . The network device may determine the configuration for the sensing operation based on the assistance information from the sensing reception device. The sensing system may then perform the sensing operation based on the configuration. In the following description, the terms “sensing transmission device” , “sensing transmitter” and “sounder” may be used interchangeably.
[0064] In some alternative embodiments, the first device 210 may be implemented as a sensing reception device for a sensing operation and the second device 220 may be implemented as a sensing transmission device for the sensing operation. For example, the sensing reception device may report the assistance information to the sensing transmission device. The sensing transmission device may determine the configuration for the transmission of sensing signals based on the assistance information from the sensing reception device. The sensing transmission device may then perform the sensing operation based on the determined configuration.
[0065] In some example embodiments, the assistance information may comprise an indication of a failure associated with the sensing operation. For example, if the channel state between the sensing target and the first device 210 serving as a sensing reception device is bad, the first device may not receive any expected sensing signals. In such events, the first device may transmit assistance information indicating a failure of the sensing operation.
[0066] Alternatively or additionally, the assistance information may comprise an indication of a sensing quality of the sensing operation. The sensing quality of the sensing operation may be indicated in various manners. For example, the sensing quality of the sensing operation may be indicated by the number of sensing signals detected by the sensing reception device during a duration. In another example, the sensing quality of the sensing operation may be indicated by a ratio of a number of sensing signals detected by the sensing reception device during a duration to a total number of expected sensing signals during the duration. Alternatively or additionally, the sensing quality of the sensing operation may be indicated by a signal quality of the sensing signal received by the sensing reception device. Alternatively or additionally, the sensing quality of the sensing operation may be indicated by the number of consecutive sensing signals received by the sensing reception device with signal qualities below or above a reference signal quality. Alternatively or additionally, the sensing quality of the sensing operation may be indicated by a ratio of a number of sensing signals received by the sensing reception device during a duration with signal qualities below or above a reference signal quality to a total number of sensing signals received during the duration.
[0067] Alternatively or additionally, the assistance information may comprise an indication of whether a sensing quality of the sensing operation is below a first reference sensing quality. For example, the sensing quality of the sensing operation may be indicated by a ratio of a number of sensing signals detected by the sensing reception device during a duration to a total number of expected sensing signals during the duration. If the channel state between the sensing target and the first device 210 serving as a sensing reception device is weak, the first device might not be able to detect all the expected sensing signals. If the ratio of the number of detected sensing signals to the total number of expected sensing signals is below a first reference ratio, the first device 210 may transmit assistance information comprising an indication that a sensing quality of the sensing operation is below a first reference sensing quality. Based on such indication in the assistance information, the second device 220 may be aware that the sensing operation of the first device 210 has a poor sensing quality. For example, the second device 220 may then adjust the sensing configuration, e.g., determining an increased power for transmitting sensing signals.
[0068] Alternatively or additionally, the assistance information may comprise an indication of whether a sensing quality of the sensing operation is above a second reference sensing quality. For example, the sensing quality of the sensing operation may be indicated by a ratio of a number of sensing signals detected by the sensing reception device during a duration to a total number of expected sensing signals during the duration. If the channel state between the sensing target and the first device 210 serving as a sensing reception device is good, the first device may be able to detect most or even all of the expected sensing signals. If the ratio of the number of detected sensing signals to the total number of expected sensing signals is above a second reference ratio, the first device 210 may transmit assistance information comprising an indication that a sensing quality of the sensing operation is above a second reference sensing quality. Based on such indication in the assistance information, the second device 220 may be aware that the sensing operation of the first device 210 has a good sensing quality. In some examples, the sensing configuration of the sensing operation may not need to be further adjusted. In some examples, the second device 220 may then adjust the sensing configuration, e.g., determining a decreased power for transmitting sensing signals so as to reduce power consumption for the sensing operation.
[0069] Alternatively or additionally, the assistance information may comprise an indication of a signal quality of a sensing signal received by the sensing reception device. For example, the sensing reception device may detect a sensing signal from the sensing target and determine a signal quality of the sensing signal.
[0070] In some examples, the signal quality may be determined based on a strength of the sensing signal. Alternatively or additionally, the signal quality may be determined based on a difference between an angle of arrival (AOA) of the sensing signal and an expected AOA. Alternatively or additionally, the signal quality may be determined based on a difference between a strength of the sensing signal and an expected strength. The strength of the sensing signal is indicated by at least one of the following: a signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) , reference signal received power (RSRP) , a received signal strength indication (RSSI) , a reference signal received quality (RSRQ) , etc. The second device 220 may determine the configuration for the sensing operation based on the signal quality of the sensing signal received by the sensing device. For example, if the second device determines that the strength of the sensing signal received by the sensing device is above an upper signal strength threshold, the second device may then determine a configuration of a decreased power for transmission of sensing signals. In this way, the power consumption for the sensing operation may be reduced. In another example, if the second device determines that the strength of the sensing signal received by the sensing device is below a lower signal strength threshold, the second device may then determine a configuration of an increased power for transmission of sensing signals.
[0071] Alternatively or additionally, the assistance information may comprise an adjustment request on the sensing operation. In other words, the first device 210 may provide some suggestions on the configuration of the sensing operation. For example, the adjustment request may comprise a number of repetitions of a sensing signal required for the sensing operation. Alternatively or additionally, the adjustment request may comprise a number of resources required for repetitions of a sensing signal for the sensing operation. Alternatively or additionally, the adjustment request may comprise a power adjustment for transmission of the sensing signal. Alternatively or additionally, the adjustment request may comprise a beam-direction adjustment for transmission of the sensing signal. Alternatively or additionally, the adjustment request may comprise a beam-direction adjustment for reception of the sensing signal. Alternatively or additionally, the adjustment request may comprise an adjustment on a period or a density of reporting of a sensing result of the sensing operation. In some examples, the adjustment request may comprise an indication of the number of resources during a period needed for the sensing, an indication of requested power and / or an indication of transmission-direction adjustment for sensing transmission.
[0072] In some implementations, the first device 210 may transmit the assistance information to the second device 220 based on receiving, from a network device, an indication of enabling assistance information reporting for the sensing operation. In other words, when assistance information reporting is enabled, the first device 210 may begin to perform the transmission of the assistance information. For example, the first device 210 may transmit the assistance information to the second device 220 periodically after receiving the indication of enabling assistance information reporting. In another example, after receiving the indication of enabling assistance information reporting, first device 210 may begin to estimate at least one condition and report the assistance information when the at least one condition is met. In some examples, the first device 210 may stop transmitting assistance information to the network device after receiving an indication of disabling assistance information reporting for the sensing operation.
[0073] In some implementations, the first device 210 may transmit the assistance information to the second device 220 based on receiving, from the network device, a request, a trigger or a configuration for the assistance information. In other words, the first device 210 may receive a one-shot trigger / request / configuration from the network device to initiate the transmission of the assistance information. For example, the first device may transmit the assistance information as a response to a request from the network device.
[0074] In some example embodiments, the assistance information 203 may be transmitted to the second device based on at least one condition. In other words, the first device 210 may transmit the assistance information if some criteria or conditions are met. For example, when assistance information reporting is enabled, the first device 210 may begin to estimate the at least one condition and report the assistance information when the at least one condition is met.
[0075] In some example embodiments, the assistance information 203 may be transmitted to the second device based on a period.
[0076] In some embodiments, the assistance information 203 may comprise the at least one condition that is met. In other words, if the at least one condition associated with the sensing operation is met, the first device 210 may transmit, to the second device 220, the assistance information comprising the at least one condition.
[0077] In some cases, the first device 210 may be implemented as the sensing reception device for the sensing operation. The second device 220 may be implemented as a network device or the sensing transmission device for the sensing operation. In some embodiments, the sensing reception device may transmit assistance information to the network device or the sensing transmission device based on at least one condition. For example, the at least one condition may comprise that a duration for which the sensing reception device does not detect any expected sensing signals while performing the sensing operation reaches a threshold. In one example, if the sensing reception device does not detect any expected sensing signals for a duration threshold, the sensing reception device may report the assistance information to the network device or the sensing transmission device. In an example implementation, the assistance information may comprise an indication of a failure associated with the sensing operation.
[0078] Alternatively or additionally, the at least one condition may comprise that a number of sensing signals detected by the sensing reception device during a first duration is below a threshold. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one condition may comprise that a ratio of a number of sensing signals detected by the sensing reception device during a second duration to a total number of expected sensing signals during the second duration is below a threshold.
[0079] Alternatively or additionally, the at least one condition may comprise that a signal quality of the sensing signal received by the sensing reception device is below a threshold. For example, if the sensing reception device receives a sensing signal with a signal quality below a lower signal quality threshold, the sensing reception device may report the assistance information to the network device or the sensing transmission device. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one condition may comprise that a number of consecutive sensing signals received by the sensing reception device with signal qualities below a first signal quality is above a threshold. For example, if the number of consecutive sensing signals received by the sensing reception device with a signal quality below a lower signal quality limit value is above a threshold, the sensing reception device may report the assistance information to the network device or the sensing transmission device. In an example implementation, the assistance information may comprise an adjustment request of increasing power for transmission of the sensing signal required for the sensing operation.
[0080] Alternatively or additionally, the at least one condition may comprise that a number of sensing signals received by the sensing reception device during a third duration with signal qualities below a third signal quality is above a threshold. For example, if the number of sensing signals received by the sensing reception device with a signal quality below a lower signal quality limit value during a duration is above a threshold, the sensing reception device may report the assistance information to the network device or the sensing transmission device. In another example, if the number of sensing signals received by the sensing reception device with a signal quality above a lower signal quality limit value during a duration is below a threshold, the sensing reception device may report the assistance information to the network device or the sensing transmission device.
[0081] Alternatively or additionally, the at least one condition may comprise that a ratio of a number of sensing signals received by the sensing reception device during a fifth duration with signal qualities below a fifth signal quality to a total number of sensing signals received during the fifth duration is above a threshold.
[0082] Alternatively or additionally, the at least one condition may comprise that a signal quality of the sensing signal received by the sensing reception device is above a threshold. For example, if the sensing reception device receives a sensing signal with a signal quality above an upper signal quality threshold, the sensing reception device may report the assistance information to the network device or the sensing transmission device. In an example implementation, the assistance information may comprise an adjustment request of reducing power for transmission of the sensing signal required for the sensing operation.
[0083] Alternatively or additionally, the at least one condition may comprise that a number of consecutive sensing signals received by the sensing reception device with signal qualities above a second signal quality is above a threshold. For example, if the number of consecutive sensing signals received by the sensing reception device with a signal quality above a signal quality limit value is above a threshold, the sensing reception device may report the assistance information to the network device or the sensing transmission device. In an example implementation, the assistance information may comprise an adjustment request of reducing repetitions of a sensing signal required for the sensing operation.
[0084] Alternatively or additionally, the at least one condition may comprise that a number of sensing signals received by the sensing reception device during a fourth duration with signal qualities above a fourth signal quality is above a threshold. For example, if the number of sensing signals received by the sensing reception device with a signal quality above a signal quality limit value during a duration is above a threshold, the sensing reception device may report the assistance information to the network device or the sensing transmission device. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one condition may comprise that a ratio of a number of sensing signals received by the sensing reception device during a sixth duration with signal qualities above a sixth signal quality to a total number of sensing signals received during the sixth duration is above an threshold. In an example implementation, the assistance information may comprise an adjustment request of reducing repetitions of a sensing signal required for the sensing operation.
[0085] Alternatively or additionally, the at least one condition may comprise that a battery power of the sensing reception device falls below a threshold. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one condition may comprise that the sensing reception device is to perform a communication service.
[0086] In some cases, the first device 210 may be implemented as the sensing transmission device for the sensing operation. The second device 220 may be implemented as a network device. In some embodiments, the sensing transmission device may transmit assistance information to the network device based on at least one condition.
[0087] In some example embodiments, the at least one condition may comprise that a duration for which the sensing transition device does not detect any expected response from a sensing reception device for the sensing operation reaches a threshold. For example, the sensing transition device may transmit sensing signals to the sensing target. In some example implementations, the sensing reception device may transmit a response to the sensing transition device if the reception device receives a reflected sensing signal from the sensing target. If the sensing transition device does not detect any expected response from the sensing reception device for a duration threshold, the sensing transition device may report the assistance information to the network device. In an example implementation, the assistance information may comprise an indication of a failure associated with the sensing operation.
[0088] Alternatively or additionally, the at least one condition may comprise that a number of responses detected by the sensing transition device from the sensing reception device during a seventh duration is below a threshold. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one condition may comprise that a ratio of a number of responses detected by the sensing transition device from the sensing reception device during a ninth duration to a total number of expected responses during the ninth duration is below a threshold.
[0089] In some embodiments, the sensing reception device may determine the signal quality of the sensing signal received from the sensing target. If the signal quality of the received sensing signal is below a first reference signal quality, the sensing reception device may transmit a response to the sensing transmission device, indicating that the signal quality of the sensing signal is below a first reference signal quality. The sensing transmission device may thus be aware that the signal quality of the sensing signal is poor. In some examples, the response indicating that a signal quality of a sensing signal received by the sensing reception device is below a reference signal quality may comprise an indication that a strength of the sensing signal is below a first strength. Alternatively or additionally, the response indicating that a signal quality of a sensing signal received by the sensing reception device is below a first reference signal quality may comprise an indication that a difference between a strength of the sensing signal and an expected strength reaches or is larger than a first strength difference. Alternatively or additionally, the response indicating that a signal quality of a sensing signal received by the sensing reception device is below a first reference signal quality may comprise an indication that a difference between an AOA of the sensing signal and an expected AOA reaches or is larger than a first AOA difference.
[0090] In some embodiments, the at least one condition may comprise that the sensing transition device receives a response indicating that a signal quality of a sensing signal received by the sensing reception device is below a first reference signal quality. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one condition may comprise that a number of consecutive responses received by the sensing transition device indicating that signal qualities of sensing signals received by the sensing reception device are below a first reference signal quality is above a threshold. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one condition may comprise that a number of responses received by the sensing transition device during an eleventh duration indicating that signal qualities of sensing signals received by the sensing reception device are below a first reference signal quality is above a threshold. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one condition may comprise that a ratio of a number of responses received by the sensing transition device during a twelfth duration indicating that signal qualities of sensing signals received by the sensing reception device are below a first reference signal quality to a total number of responses received during the twelfth duration is above a threshold.
[0091] In some embodiments, the sensing reception device may determine the signal quality of the sensing signal received from the sensing target. If the signal quality of the received sensing signal is above a second reference signal quality, the sensing reception device may transmit a response to the sensing transmission device, indicating that the signal quality of the sensing signal is above a second reference signal quality. The sensing transmission device may thus be aware that the signal quality of the sensing signal is good. In some examples, the response indicating that a signal quality of a sensing signal received by the sensing reception device is above a second reference signal quality may comprise an indication that a strength of the sensing signal is above a second strength. Alternatively or additionally, the response indicating that a signal quality of a sensing signal received by the sensing reception device is above a second reference signal quality may comprise an indication that a difference between a strength of the sensing signal and an expected strength reaches or is smaller than a second strength difference. Alternatively or additionally, the response indicating that a signal quality of a sensing signal received by the sensing reception device is above a second reference signal quality may comprise an indication that a difference between an AOA of the sensing signal and an expected AOA reaches or is smaller than a second AOA difference.
[0092] In some embodiments, the at least one condition may comprise that the sensing transition device receives a response indicating that a signal quality of a sensing signal received by the sensing reception device is above a second reference signal quality. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one condition may comprise that a number of consecutive responses received by the sensing transition device indicating that signal qualities of sensing signals received by the sensing reception device are above a second reference signal quality is above a threshold. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one condition may comprise that a number of responses received by the sensing transition device during a thirteenth duration indicating that signal qualities of sensing signals received by the sensing reception device are above a second reference signal quality is above a threshold. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one condition may comprise that a ratio of a number of responses received by the sensing transition device during a fourteenth duration indicating that signal qualities of sensing signals received by the sensing reception device are above a second reference signal quality to a total number of responses received during the fourteenth duration is above a threshold.
[0093] Alternatively or additionally, the at least one condition may comprise that a number of responses detected by the sensing transition device from the sensing reception device during an eighth duration is above a threshold. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one condition may comprise that a ratio of a number of responses detected by the sensing transition device from the sensing reception device during a tenth duration to a total number of expected responses during the tenth duration is above a threshold. In an example implementation, the assistance information may comprise an adjustment request of reducing repetitions of a sensing signal required for the sensing operation.
[0094] Alternatively or additionally, the at least one condition may comprise that a battery power of the sensing transmission device falls below a threshold. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one condition may comprise that the sensing transmission device is to perform a communication service.
[0095] In some embodiments, the at least one condition may be configured by the network device. For example, the network device may transmit the at least one condition to the first device 210. Alternatively, the at least one condition may be predetermined.
[0096] In some cases, the second device 220 may be implemented as a network device. The first device 210 may be implemented as the sensing reception device or the sensing transmission device for the sensing operation. The network device may determine a sensing configuration for the sensing operation based on the assistance information received from the first device 210. The network device may then transmit the sensing configuration to at least one of the sensing reception device or the sensing transmission device.
[0097] For example, the network device may transmit a sensing reception configuration to the sensing reception device. The sensing reception device may then perform the sensing operation based on the sensing reception configuration. In some examples, the sensing reception configuration may comprise a resource configuration for an increased number of resources of sensing signals for the sensing operation. For example, the resource configuration for an increased number of resources of sensing signals may comprise, but is not limited to a resource configuration for an increased number of repetitions of sensing signals, or a resource configuration for a sensing signal with an increased signal size, or a resource configuration for a sensing signal with an increased duration in each transmission, etc. Alternatively or additionally, the sensing reception configuration may comprise a beam-direction configuration for reception of sensing signals. Alternatively or additionally, the sensing reception configuration may comprise a configuration on an updated period or an updated density for reporting of a sensing result of the sensing operation. In this way, the network device does not need to configure in advance many sensing-capable devices to sense the target. Thus, the resource overhead and power consumption for the sensing operation may be reduced.
[0098] Alternatively or additionally, the network device may transmit a sensing transition configuration to the sensing transition device. The sensing transition device may then perform the sensing operation based on the sensing transition configuration. In some examples, the sensing transition configuration may comprise a resource configuration for an increased number of resources of sensing signals for the sensing operation. Alternatively or additionally, the sensing transition configuration may comprise a power configuration for transmission of sensing signals. For example, based on the assistance information, the network device may configure the sensing transmission device to adjust (e.g., increase or decrease) the transmission power for sensing. For example, the resource configuration for an increased number of resources of sensing signals may comprise, but is not limited to a resource configuration for an increased number of repetitions of sensing signals, or a resource configuration for a sensing signal with an increased signal size, or a resource configuration for a sensing signal with an increased duration in each transmission, etc. Alternatively or additionally, the sensing transition configuration may comprise a beam-direction configuration for transmission of sensing signals. For example, based on the assistance information, the network device may configure the sensing transmission device to adjust the transmission beam for sensing. Alternatively or additionally, the sensing transition configuration may comprise a configuration on an updated period or an updated density for reporting of a sensing result of the sensing operation. In this way, the network device does not need to configure in advance many sensing-capable devices to sense the target. Thus, the resource overhead and power consumption for the sensing operation may be reduced.
[0099] In some embodiments, the network device may transmit, to a sensing reception device for the sensing operation, an indication of releasing the sensing operation. For example, if the assistance information indicates a failure associated with the sensing operation, the network device may determine that the sensing reception device may be not able to sense the sensing target. The network device may then transmit an indication of releasing the sensing operation to the sensing reception device. The network device may then select other devices as sensing reception devices, if needed. In this way, the network device does not need to configure in advance many sensing-capable devices to sense the target. Thus, the resource overhead and power consumption for the sensing operation may be reduced.
[0100] In some embodiments, after receiving the indication of releasing the sensing operation, the sensing reception device may cease performing the sensing operation. In some implementations, if the sensing reception device is able for the sensing operation, e.g., in a later stage after ceasing performing the sensing operation, the sensing reception device may transmit, to the network device, a state indication that the first device is able to resume performing the sensing operation. For example, if the sensing reception device cannot detect any expected sensing signal for a duration, the network device may configure the sensing reception device to release the sensing operation. Then, after a certain time period, if the sensing reception device can detect the sensing signals from the sensing target, the sensing reception device report the state to the network device. The network device may determine whether the sensing reception device should resume the sensing operation.
[0101] In some embodiments, the network device may determine an assistance report configuration and transmit the assistance report configuration to the first device. The first device may then transmit the assistance information based on the assistance report configuration. For example, the assistance report configuration may comprise a signal quality criterion. The first device may perform the sensing operation by detecting a signal quality of a sensing signal. If the signal quality of the sensing signal meets the signal quality criterion, the first device may transmit an assistance information of the sensing operation to the network device.
[0102] In some embodiments, the network device may determine a sensing report configuration and transmit the sensing report configuration to the first device. The first device may then perform the sensing operation and transmit the sensing result based on the sensing report configuration. For example, in order to avoid invalid or unhelpful sensing result reporting, the network device may determine a sensing report configuration for the sensing reception device. In one example implementation, the sensing report configuration may comprise a RSRP threshold. The sensing reception device may report sensing result when the RSRP of the sensing signal received by the sensing reception device is larger than the RSRP threshold.
[0103] In some cases, the first device 210 may be implemented as the sensing reception device for the sensing operation, and the second device 220 may be implemented as the sensing transmission device for the sensing operation. The sensing transmission device may determine a sensing configuration for the sensing operation based on the assistance information received from the sensing reception device. The sensing transmission device may then continue performing the sensing operation based on the determined sensing configuration. In some embodiments, the sensing configuration may comprise a power adjustment for transmission of sensing signals. Alternatively or additionally, the sensing configuration may comprise a beam-direction adjustment for transmission of sensing signals.
[0104] With some embodiments of the present disclosure, the at least one condition may be configured by the network device or predefined. Alternatively, the at least one condition and the at least one threshold may be predefined.
[0105] With some embodiments of the present disclosure, a scheme for a quick report for an unavailable sensing behavior due to a poor / bad channel state is designed. If the unavailable sensing behavior is reported to the network device, the network device may be assisted to efficiently release the sensing operation or adjust the sensing configuration. If the incapable sensing behavior is reported to the sensing transmission device, the sensing transmission device may be assisted to efficiently adjust the transmission configuration of the sensing signal. In this way, the efficiency and reliability of the sensing operation may be improved and the resource overhead and the power consumption for the sensing operation may be reduced.
[0106] FIG. 3 illustrates an example communication process 300 related to a sensing procedure involving assistance from the terminal device in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. It is noted that the process 300 can be considered as a more specific example of the process 200 of FIG. 2. The UE in the process 300 may be considered as a more specific example of the first device 210 of FIG. 2 and the network device in the process 300 may be considered as a more specific example of the second device 220 of FIG. 2.
[0107] In the process 300, at 301, the UE in a RRC_CONNECTED state may report its sensing-capability to the network device. The network device may select the UE to sense a target object e.g., based on determining that the history position of the UE is near to the target object.
[0108] At 302, the UE may receive a sensing configuration from the network device and perform sensing operations based on the sensing configuration, e.g., the time resource and / or frequency resource configured by the network device. The UE may serve as a sensor for the sensing operation or as a sounder for the sensing operation.
[0109] In some cases, the UE may be a mobile device. The channel state between the UE and target object may change due to the mobility of the UE. For example, if the UE moves a small distance in the direction away from the target object, the channel state between UE and target object may change to weak / poor. If the UE moves a large distance in the direction away from the target object, the channel state between UE and target object may change to bad.
[0110] In some other cases, the channel state between the UE and target object may change due to environment changing or the movement of the target object. For example, if an obstacle moves between the UE and the target object or if the target object moves in a direction away from the UE, the channel state between the UE and target object may deteriorate.
[0111] At 303, the UE may determine that it cannot provide sensing results. In some embodiments, the UE may report assistance information to the network device if the UE determines that it cannot provide sensing results. For example, the UE may report the assistance information to the network device based on an assistance reporting configuration from the network device.
[0112] In some embodiments, the assistance reporting configuration may comprise an indication of enabling / disabling reporting of assistance information. For example, the assistance reporting configuration may comprise an indication of enabling reporting of assistance information. In some other embodiments, the reporting of assistance information may be one-shot triggered / requested / configured by the network device.
[0113] In some embodiments, the UE may report the assistance information to the network device periodically e.g., when reporting of assistance information is enabled, or in response to the request form the network device. The assistance information may comprise an indication of the channel status between the UE and the sensing target. Alternatively or additionally, the assistance information may comprise an indication of the signal quality of the sensing signal received by the sensor from the sensing target.
[0114] In some embodiments, the UE may report to the network device that it is unable to sense the target object because of a sensing channel issue when the UE cannot sense the target object or the sensing of target is unavailable, e.g. based on at least one condition. The at least one condition may be configured by the network device or predefined. For example, the assistance reporting configuration may comprise at least one condition for reporting the assistance information, or at least one threshold for the conditions, etc. Alternatively, the at least one condition and the at least one threshold may be predefined. When the reporting of assistance information is enabled or when the UE is requested / triggered / configured to report assistance information, the UE may begin to estimate whether the at least one condition is met and report the assistance information when the at least one condition is met.
[0115] If the UE serves as a sensor UE, the at least one criterion may include, but is not limited to, at least one of the following: no any expected sensing signal is detected during one timer, the time that expected sensing signals are detected in one timer is less than one time ratio, a sensing signal with a signal strength (e.g., RSRP / RSRQ / SINR) below a strength threshold is detected, N consecutive sensing signals with low signal strengths are detected, M sensing signals with low signal strengths are detected in one timer, the battery power of the sensor UE is less than one percentage, the sensor UE has other communication service initiated and thus cannot perform the sensing operation, the target object disappeared, and so on.
[0116] Alternatively, the UE may serve as a sounder UE. In some embodiments, there may be direct communications between the sounder UE and the sensors. The at least one criterion may include, but is not limited to, at least one of the following: no response is received from any sensor during one timer, the number of responded sensors is less than P, a sensing signal quality below a reference signal quality is indicated by a sensor, the battery power of the sounder UE is less than one percentage, the sounder UE has other communication service initiated and thus cannot perform the sensing operation, the target object disappeared, and so on.
[0117] In case of a bad sensing channel state between the UE and the sensing target, the process 300 may proceed to the step 304. At 304, the UE may report to the network device that it is unable to sense the target due to a bad channel state. If the channel state between the UE and the target object changes to bad, then the UE cannot sense the target object at least in a recent time duration. The UE may decide that it cannot sense the target object based on at least one condition, e.g., a condition that a duration for which the sensing reception device does not detect any expected sensing signals while performing the sensing operation reaches a threshold. Then the UE may report to the network device that it cannot sense the target object at least in a recent time duration because of a bad channel state between the UE and the target object.
[0118] In case of a weak / poor sensing channel state between the UE and the sensing target, the process 300 may proceed to the step 304. At 305, the UE may report to the network device that more time resources are needed for sensing. If the channel state between the UE and the target object changes to weak, then the UE cannot sense the target object based on the network configured sensing resource at least in a recent time duration. The UE may decide that it cannot sense based on at least one condition, e.g., a condition that a number of sensing signals detected by the sensing reception device during a first duration is below a threshold, or a condition that a number of consecutive sensing signals received by the sensing reception device with signal qualities below a first signal quality is above a threshold. In this case, the UE might be able to sense the target object if the UE uses more time / frequency resources for sensing, or if the network configures the sounder to use more power or an adjusted transmission beam to transmit sensing sequences. Thus, the UE may report to the network device that it cannot sense the target object based on the network configured sensing resource at least in a recent time duration because of a weak channel state from the target object. Additionally, the UE can also report to the network device how many more resources are expected to be used for the sensing.
[0119] The assistance information may comprise an adjustment request for assisting the sensing operation. For example, the UE may report assistance information on the number of resources during a period needed for the sensing operation. More sensing sequences during a period can provide a better sensing result, while some sensor UEs may not be able to sense the target when the number of sensing sequence during a period is less than a certain value. Alternatively or additionally, the UE may report assistance information on the requested power for transmission of the sensing signal, or the transmission-direction adjustment for sensing transmission.
[0120] The UE may transmit the assistance information comprising an adjustment request based on at least one condition. The at least one condition may be predefined or network-configured. For example, the UE may determine whether more time during a period or more transmission power is needed or whether a transmission direction adjustment is needed for the sounder UE to send the sensing sequence based on at least one condition, e.g., a condition that the sounder UE receives a negative feedback from sensors UE for case of a direction communication existed between the sounder UE and sensors UEs.
[0121] In some examples, the UE may determine whether more time during a period or more power to transmit sensing is needed for UE sensor to receive the sensing sequence without impact from e.g. UL / DL scheduling from communication based on at least one condition, e.g., a condition that the requested RSRP / SINR or the received RSRP / SINR is larger than a RSRP / SINR threshold, where the RSRP / SINR threshold can be network configured or predefined.
[0122] In some examples, the UE may determine whether adjustment of transmission direction of sensing is needed based on at least one condition, e.g., a condition that the requested AoA or the received AoA is larger than an AoA threshold, where the AoA threshold can be network configured or predefined. For example, when the UE can identify the received AoA and can identify the best AoA of it for receiving the sensing signal, then the UE can calculate the difference between the requested AoA and the received AoA. In this case, the UE can determine the adjustment of transmission direction of sensing is expected if possible.
[0123] In some embodiments, the reporting of the assistance information may be based on network triggering. For example, the network device may configure a one-time report for assistance information when the sensing result does not satisfy with the at least one condition or when the network wants to check the sensing status e.g. for the at least one condition.
[0124] When the network device receives the assistance information reported by the UE, the network device may adjust the configuration or release the sensing accordingly. For example, when the UE reports the “Unable to sense the target object” to the network device indicating a failure of the sensing operation, the network device may release the sensing procedure. Alternatively, when the UE reports the “Unable to sense the target object” to the network device, the network device may request the UE to cease performing the sensing operation and to inform the network device when it can sense the target object.
[0125] The network device may adjust the sensing configuration by sending an updated sensing configuration, an updated result reporting condition or an updated assistance reporting condition. For example, the network device may adjust the configuration for performing the sensing operation. For example, the network device may configure the sounder UE to adjust the transmission beam for the sensing operation. Alternatively or additionally, the network device may configure the sounder UE to adjust (e.g. increase) the transmission power of sensing for the sensing operation. For example, the network device may configure a larger number (which is supported by the network device) of sensing resources for the UE to perform the sense operation based on the requested number of sensing resources in the assistance information. In some embodiments, the number of sensing resources configured by the network device may be equal to or larger than requested number of sensing resources in the assistance information.
[0126] Alternatively or additionally, the condition for reporting the sensing results may also be adjusted by the network device based on the reported assistance information. For example, in order to avoid invalid or unhelpful sensing result reporting, the network device may configure an adjusted event for reporting the sensing results. In one example, the UE may report the sensing result when the RSRP / SINR of the sensing signal detected by the sensor is larger than a threshold. The event and the threshold may be configured by the network device based on the assistance information. Alternatively or additionally, the condition for reporting the assistance information may also be adjusted by the network device based on the reported assistance information.
[0127] With some example embodiments of the present disclosure, the reported assistance information can provide good and effective assistance for the network device to know whether the network-configured sensing behavior is available and how to adjust the sensing configuration, so as to avoid configuring unavailable sensing or low-efficiency sensing procedure, and to improve the sensing efficiency with reduced latency and reduce the power consumption of sensing.
[0128] FIG. 4 shows an example method 400 implemented at a first device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the method 400 can be implemented at a device in a communication network, such as the first device 210 as shown in FIG. 2. Additionally or alternatively, the method 400 can be implemented at other devices. Further, it is to be understood that the method 400 may include additional blocks not shown and / or may omit some blocks as shown, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this regard. For the purpose of discussion, the method 400 will be described from the perspective of the first device 210 with reference to FIG. 2.
[0129] At block 410, the first device 210 determines assistance information associated to a sensing operation. At block 420, the first device 210 transmits, to a second device, the assistance information for the sensing operation. In this way, the efficiency of the sensing operation may be improved.
[0130] In some embodiments, the assistance information may comprise an indication of a failure associated with the sensing operation. Alternatively or additionally, the assistance information may comprise an indication of a sensing quality of the sensing operation. Alternatively or additionally, the assistance information may comprise an indication of whether a sensing quality of the sensing operation is below a first reference sensing quality. Alternatively or additionally, the assistance information may comprise an indication of whether a sensing quality of the sensing operation is above a second reference sensing quality. Alternatively or additionally, the assistance information may comprise an indication of a signal quality of a sensing signal received by the first device. Alternatively or additionally, the assistance information may comprise an indication of at least one condition associated with the sensing operation. Alternatively or additionally, the assistance information may comprise an adjustment request on the sensing operation.
[0131] In some embodiments, the adjustment request may comprise a number of repetitions of a sensing signal required for the sensing operation. Alternatively or additionally, the adjustment request may comprise a number of resources required for repetitions of a sensing signal for the sensing operation. Alternatively or additionally, the adjustment request may comprise a power adjustment for transmission of the sensing signal. Alternatively or additionally, the adjustment request may comprise a beam-direction adjustment for transmission of the sensing signal. Alternatively or additionally, the adjustment request may comprise a beam-direction adjustment for reception of the sensing signal. Alternatively or additionally, the adjustment request may comprise an adjustment on a period or a density of reporting of a sensing result of the sensing operation.
[0132] In some embodiments, the first device may transmit the assistance information to a second device based on receiving, from a network device, an indication of enabling assistance information reporting for the sensing operation. Alternatively, the first device may transmit the assistance information to a second device based on receiving, from the network device, a request, a trigger or a configuration for the assistance information.
[0133] In some embodiments, the assistance information for the sensing operation may be transmitted to the second device based on at least one condition.
[0134] In some embodiments, the first device may be a sensing reception device for the sensing operation. The at least one condition may comprise that a duration for which the sensing reception device does not detect any expected sensing signals while performing the sensing operation reaches a first threshold. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one condition may comprise that a number of sensing signals detected by the sensing reception device during a first duration is below a second threshold. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one condition may comprise that a ratio of a number of sensing signals detected by the sensing reception device during a second duration to a total number of expected sensing signals during the second duration is below a third threshold.
[0135] Alternatively or additionally, the at least one condition may comprise that a signal quality of the sensing signal received by the sensing reception device is below a fourth threshold. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one condition may comprise that a signal quality of the sensing signal received by the sensing reception device is above a fifth threshold. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one condition may comprise that a number of consecutive sensing signals received by the sensing reception device with signal qualities below a first signal quality is above a sixth threshold. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one condition may comprise that a number of consecutive sensing signals received by the sensing reception device with signal qualities above a second signal quality is above a seventh threshold. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one condition may comprise that a number of sensing signals received by the sensing reception device during a third duration with signal qualities below a third signal quality is above an eighth threshold. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one condition may comprise that a number of sensing signals received by the sensing reception device during a fourth duration with signal qualities above a fourth signal quality is above a ninth threshold. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one condition may comprise that a ratio of a number of sensing signals received by the sensing reception device during a fifth duration with signal qualities below a fifth signal quality to a total number of sensing signals received during the fifth duration is above a tenth threshold. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one condition may comprise that a ratio of a number of sensing signals received by the sensing reception device during a sixth duration with signal qualities above a sixth signal quality to a total number of sensing signals received during the sixth duration is above an eleventh threshold.
[0136] In some embodiments, the signal quality of the sensing signal may be determined based on a strength of the sensing signal. Alternatively or additionally, the signal quality of the sensing signal may be determined based on a difference between a strength of the sensing signal and an expected strength. Alternatively or additionally, the signal quality of the sensing signal may be determined based on a difference between an angle of arrival (AOA) of the sensing signal and an expected AOA.
[0137] In some embodiments, the strength of the sensing signal may be indicated by a signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) . In some embodiments, the strength of the sensing signal may be indicated by reference signal received power (RSRP) In some embodiments, the strength of the sensing signal may be indicated by a received signal strength indication (RSSI) In some embodiments, the strength of the sensing signal may be indicated by a reference signal received quality (RSRQ) .
[0138] In some embodiments, the first device may be a sensing transition device for the sensing operation. The at least one condition may comprise that a duration for which the sensing transition device does not detect any expected response from a sensing reception device for the sensing operation reaches a twelfth threshold. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one condition may comprise that a number of responses detected by the sensing transition device from the sensing reception device during a seventh duration is below a thirteenth threshold. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one condition may comprise that a number of responses detected by the sensing transition device from the sensing reception device during an eighth duration is above a fourteenth threshold. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one condition may comprise that a ratio of a number of responses detected by the sensing transition device from the sensing reception device during a ninth duration to a total number of expected responses during the ninth duration is below a fifteenth threshold. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one condition may comprise that a ratio of a number of responses detected by the sensing transition device from the sensing reception device during a tenth duration to a total number of expected responses during the tenth duration is above a sixteenth threshold.
[0139] Alternatively or additionally, the at least one condition may comprise that the sensing transition device receives a response indicating that a signal quality of a sensing signal received by the sensing reception device is below a first reference signal quality. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one condition may comprise that a number of consecutive responses received by the sensing transition device indicating that signal qualities of sensing signals received by the sensing reception device are below a first reference signal quality is above a seventeenth threshold. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one condition may comprise that a number of responses received by the sensing transition device during an eleventh duration indicating that signal qualities of sensing signals received by the sensing reception device are below a first reference signal quality is above an eighteenth threshold. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one condition may comprise that a ratio of a number of responses received by the sensing transition device during a twelfth duration indicating that signal qualities of sensing signals received by the sensing reception device are below a first reference signal quality to a total number of responses received during the twelfth duration is above a nineteenth threshold.
[0140] In some embodiments, the response indicating that a signal quality of a sensing signal received by the sensing reception device is below a first reference signal quality may comprise an indication that a strength of the sensing signal is below a first strength. Alternatively or additionally, the response indicating that a signal quality of a sensing signal received by the sensing reception device is below a first reference signal quality may comprise an indication that a difference between a strength of the sensing signal and an expected strength reaches or is larger than a first strength difference. Alternatively or additionally, the response indicating that a signal quality of a sensing signal received by the sensing reception device is below a reference signal quality may comprise an indication that a difference between an AOA of the sensing signal and an expected AOA reaches or is larger than a first AOA difference.
[0141] In some embodiments, the at least one condition may comprise that the sensing transition device receives a response indicating that a signal quality of a sensing signal received by the sensing reception device is above a second reference signal quality. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one condition may comprise that a number of consecutive responses received by the sensing transition device indicating that signal qualities of sensing signals received by the sensing reception device are above a second reference signal quality is above a twentieth threshold. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one condition may comprise that a number of responses received by the sensing transition device during a thirteenth duration indicating that signal qualities of sensing signals received by the sensing reception device are above a second reference signal quality is above a twenty-first threshold. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one condition may comprise that a ratio of a number of responses received by the sensing transition device during a fourteenth duration indicating that signal qualities of sensing signals received by the sensing reception device are above a second reference signal quality to a total number of responses received during the fourteenth duration is above a twenty-second threshold.
[0142] In some embodiments, the response indicating that a signal quality of a sensing signal received by the sensing reception device is above a second reference signal quality may comprise that an indication that a strength of the sensing signal is above a second strength. Alternatively or additionally, the response indicating that a signal quality of a sensing signal received by the sensing reception device is above a second reference signal quality may comprise that an indication that a difference between a strength of the sensing signal and an expected strength reaches or is smaller than a second strength difference. Alternatively or additionally, the response indicating that a signal quality of a sensing signal received by the sensing reception device is above a second reference signal quality may comprise that an indication that a difference between an AOA of the sensing signal and an expected AOA reaches or is smaller than a second AOA difference.
[0143] In some embodiments, the at least one condition may comprise that a battery power of the first device falls below a twenty-third threshold. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one condition may comprise that the first device is to perform a communication service.
[0144] In some embodiments, the at least one condition may be configured by a network device. In some embodiments, the at least one condition may be predetermined.
[0145] In some embodiments, the first device may receive, from the second device, a sensing configuration for the sensing operation; and continue performing the sensing operation based on the sensing configuration.
[0146] In some embodiments, the sensing configuration may comprise a resource configuration for an increased number of resources of sensing signals for the sensing operation. Alternatively or additionally, the sensing configuration may comprise a power configuration for transmission of sensing signals in the event that the first device is a sensing transition device for the sensing operation. Alternatively or additionally, the sensing configuration may comprise a beam-direction configuration for transmission of sensing signals in the event that the first device is a sensing transition device for the sensing operation. Alternatively or additionally, the sensing configuration may comprise a beam-direction configuration for reception of sensing signals in the event that the first device is a sensing reception device for the sensing operation. Alternatively or additionally, the sensing configuration may comprise a configuration on an updated period or an updated density for reporting of a sensing result of the sensing operation.
[0147] In some embodiments, the second device may be the network device. The first device may receive, from the network device, an indication of releasing the sensing operation; and cease performing the sensing operation based on the indication.
[0148] In some embodiments, based on determining that the first device is able for the sensing operation, the first device may transmit, to the network device, a state indication that the first device is able to resume performing the sensing operation.
[0149] Reference is now made to FIG. 5, which shows an example method 500 implemented at a second device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the method 500 can be implemented at a device in a communication network, such as the second device 220 as shown in FIG. 2. Additionally or alternatively, the method 500 can be implemented at other devices. Further, it is to be understood that the method 500 may include additional blocks not shown and / or may omit some blocks as shown, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this regard. For the purpose of discussion, the method 500 will be described from the perspective of the second device 220 with reference to FIG. 2.
[0150] At block 510, the second device 220 receives, from a first device, assistance information for a sensing operation. At block 520, the second device 220 determines a configuration for the sensing operation based on the assistance information. In this way, the efficiency of the sensing operation may be improved.
[0151] In some embodiments, the assistance information may comprise an indication of a failure associated with the sensing operation. Alternatively or additionally, the assistance information may comprise an indication of a sensing quality of the sensing operation. Alternatively or additionally, the assistance information may comprise an indication of whether a sensing quality of the sensing operation is below a first reference sensing quality. Alternatively or additionally, the assistance information may comprise an indication of whether a sensing quality of the sensing operation is above a second reference sensing quality. Alternatively or additionally, the assistance information may comprise an indication of a signal quality of a sensing signal received by the first device. Alternatively or additionally, the assistance information may comprise an indication of at least one condition associated with the sensing operation. Alternatively or additionally, the assistance information may comprise an adjustment request on the sensing operation.
[0152] In some embodiments, the adjustment request may comprise a number of repetitions of a sensing signal required for the sensing operation. Alternatively or additionally, the adjustment request may comprise a number of resources required for repetitions of a sensing signal for the sensing operation. Alternatively or additionally, the adjustment request may comprise a power adjustment for transmission of the sensing signal. Alternatively or additionally, the adjustment request may comprise a beam-direction adjustment for transmission of the sensing signal. Alternatively or additionally, the adjustment request may comprise a beam-direction adjustment for reception of the sensing signal. Alternatively or additionally, the adjustment request may comprise an adjustment on a period or a density of reporting of a sensing result of the sensing operation.
[0153] In some embodiments, the second device may be a network device. The network device may transmit the configuration to a sensing reception device for the sensing operation. The configuration may comprise a resource configuration for an increased number of resources of sensing signals for the sensing operation. Alternatively or additionally, the configuration may comprise a beam-direction configuration for reception of sensing signals. Alternatively or additionally, the configuration may comprise a configuration on an updated period or an updated density for reporting of a sensing result of the sensing operation.
[0154] In some embodiments, the second device may be a network device. The network device may transmit the configuration to a sensing transition device for the sensing operation. The configuration may comprise a resource configuration for an increased number of resources of sensing signals for the sensing operation. Alternatively or additionally, the configuration may comprise a power configuration for transmission of sensing signals. Alternatively or additionally, the configuration may comprise a beam-direction configuration for transmission of sensing signals. Alternatively or additionally, the configuration may comprise a configuration on an updated period or an updated density for reporting of a sensing result of the sensing operation.
[0155] In some embodiments, the second device may be a network device. The network device may transmit, to a sensing reception device for the sensing operation, an indication of releasing the sensing operation.
[0156] In some embodiments, the first device may be a sensing reception device for the sensing operation, and the second device may be a sensing transition device for the sensing operation. The sensing transition device may continue performing the sensing operation based on the configuration. The configuration may comprise a power adjustment for transmission of sensing signals. Alternatively or additionally, the configuration may comprise a beam-direction adjustment for transmission of sensing signals.
[0157] In some embodiments, the second device may be a network device. The network device may transmit, to the first device, an indication of at least one condition associated with the sensing operation.
[0158] In some embodiments, the first device may be a sensing reception device for the sensing operation. The at least one condition may comprise that a duration for which the sensing reception device does not detect any expected sensing signals while performing the sensing operation reaches a first threshold. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one condition may comprise that a number of sensing signals detected by the sensing reception device during a first duration is below a second threshold. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one condition may comprise that a ratio of a number of sensing signals detected by the sensing reception device during a second duration to a total number of expected sensing signals during the second duration is below a third threshold.
[0159] Alternatively or additionally, the at least one condition may comprise that a signal quality of the sensing signal received by the sensing reception device is below a fourth threshold. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one condition may comprise that a signal quality of the sensing signal received by the sensing reception device is above a fifth threshold. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one condition may comprise that a number of consecutive sensing signals received by the sensing reception device with signal qualities below a first signal quality is above a sixth threshold. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one condition may comprise that a number of consecutive sensing signals received by the sensing reception device with signal qualities above a second signal quality is above a seventh threshold. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one condition may comprise that a number of sensing signals received by the sensing reception device during a third duration with signal qualities below a third signal quality is above an eighth threshold. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one condition may comprise that a number of sensing signals received by the sensing reception device during a fourth duration with signal qualities above a fourth signal quality is above a ninth threshold. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one condition may comprise that a ratio of a number of sensing signals received by the sensing reception device during a fifth duration with signal qualities below a fifth signal quality to a total number of sensing signals received during the fifth duration is above a tenth threshold. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one condition may comprise that a ratio of a number of sensing signals received by the sensing reception device during a sixth duration with signal qualities above a sixth signal quality to a total number of sensing signals received during the sixth duration is above an eleventh threshold,
[0160] In some embodiments, the signal quality of the sensing signal may be determined based on a strength of the sensing signal. Alternatively or additionally, the signal quality of the sensing signal may be determined based on a difference between a strength of the sensing signal and an expected strength. Alternatively or additionally, the signal quality of the sensing signal may be determined based on a difference between an angle of arrival (AOA) of the sensing signal and an expected AOA.
[0161] In some embodiments, the strength of the sensing signal may be indicated by a signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) . In some embodiments, the strength of the sensing signal may be indicated by reference signal received power (RSRP) In some embodiments, the strength of the sensing signal may be indicated by a received signal strength indication (RSSI) In some embodiments, the strength of the sensing signal may be indicated by a reference signal received quality (RSRQ) .
[0162] In some embodiments, the first device may be a sensing transition device for the sensing operation. The at least one condition may comprise that a duration for which the sensing transition device does not detect any expected response associated with sensing signals from a sensing reception device for the sensing operation reaches a twelfth threshold. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one condition may comprise that a number of responses detected by the sensing transition device from the sensing reception device during a seventh duration is below a thirteenth threshold. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one condition may comprise that a number of responses detected by the sensing transition device from the sensing reception device during an eighth duration is above a fourteenth threshold. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one condition may comprise that a ratio of a number of responses detected by the sensing transition device from the sensing reception device during a ninth duration to a total number of expected responses during the ninth duration is below a fifteenth threshold. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one condition may comprise that a ratio of a number of responses detected by the sensing transition device from the sensing reception device during a tenth duration to a total number of expected responses during the tenth duration is above a sixteenth threshold.
[0163] Alternatively or additionally, the at least one condition may comprise that the sensing transition device receives a response indicating that a signal quality of a sensing signal received by the sensing reception device is below a first reference signal quality. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one condition may comprise that a number of consecutive responses received by the sensing transition device indicating that signal qualities of sensing signals received by the sensing reception device are below a first reference signal quality is above a seventeenth threshold. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one condition may comprise that a number of responses received by the sensing transition device during an eleventh duration indicating that signal qualities of sensing signals received by the sensing reception device are below a first reference signal quality is above an eighteenth threshold. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one condition may comprise that a ratio of a number of responses received by the sensing transition device during a twelfth duration indicating that signal qualities of sensing signals received by the sensing reception device are below a first reference signal quality to a total number of responses received during the twelfth duration is above a nineteenth threshold.
[0164] In some embodiments, the response indicating that a signal quality of a sensing signal received by the sensing reception device is below a first reference signal quality may comprise an indication that a strength of the sensing signal is below a first strength. Alternatively or additionally, the response indicating that a signal quality of a sensing signal received by the sensing reception device is below a first reference signal quality may comprise an indication that a difference between a strength of the sensing signal and an expected strength reaches or is larger than a first strength difference. Alternatively or additionally, the response indicating that a signal quality of a sensing signal received by the sensing reception device is below a reference signal quality may comprise an indication that a difference between an AOA of the sensing signal and an expected AOA reaches or is larger than a first AOA difference.
[0165] In some embodiments, the at least one condition may comprise that the sensing transition device receives a response indicating that a signal quality of a sensing signal received by the sensing reception device is above a second reference signal quality. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one condition may comprise that a number of consecutive responses received by the sensing transition device indicating that signal qualities of sensing signals received by the sensing reception device are above a second reference signal quality is above a twentieth threshold. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one condition may comprise that a number of responses received by the sensing transition device during a thirteenth duration indicating that signal qualities of sensing signals received by the sensing reception device are above a second reference signal quality is above a twenty-first threshold. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one condition may comprise that a ratio of a number of responses received by the sensing transition device during a fourteenth duration indicating that signal qualities of sensing signals received by the sensing reception device are above a second reference signal quality to a total number of responses received during the fourteenth duration is above a twenty-second threshold.
[0166] In some embodiments, the response indicating that a signal quality of a sensing signal received by the sensing reception device is above a second reference signal quality may comprise that an indication that a strength of the sensing signal is above a second strength. Alternatively or additionally, the response indicating that a signal quality of a sensing signal received by the sensing reception device is above a second reference signal quality may comprise that an indication that a difference between a strength of the sensing signal and an expected strength reaches or is smaller than a second strength difference. Alternatively or additionally, the response indicating that a signal quality of a sensing signal received by the sensing reception device is above a second reference signal quality may comprise that an indication that a difference between an AOA of the sensing signal and an expected AOA reaches or is smaller than a second AOA difference.
[0167] In some embodiments, the at least one condition may comprise that a battery power of the first device falls below a twenty-third threshold. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one condition may comprise that the first device is to perform a communication service.
[0168] In some embodiments, the second device may transmit, to the first device, an indication of enabling assistance information reporting for the sensing operation. In some embodiments, the second device may transmit, to the first device, a request, a trigger or a configuration for the assistance information.
[0169] In some embodiments, an apparatus capable of performing the method 400 (for example, the first device 210 as shown in FIG. 2) may comprise means for performing the respective steps of the method 400. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.
[0170] In some embodiments, the apparatus comprises: means for determining assistance information associated to a sensing operation; and means for transmitting, to a second device, the assistance information for the sensing operation.
[0171] In some embodiments, the assistance information may comprise an indication of a failure associated with the sensing operation. Alternatively or additionally, the assistance information may comprise an indication of a sensing quality of the sensing operation. Alternatively or additionally, the assistance information may comprise an indication of whether a sensing quality of the sensing operation is below a first reference sensing quality. Alternatively or additionally, the assistance information may comprise an indication of whether a sensing quality of the sensing operation is above a second reference sensing quality. Alternatively or additionally, the assistance information may comprise an indication of a signal quality of a sensing signal received by the apparatus. Alternatively or additionally, the assistance information may comprise an indication of at least one condition associated with the sensing operation. Alternatively or additionally, the assistance information may comprise an adjustment request on the sensing operation.
[0172] In some embodiments, the adjustment request may comprise a number of repetitions of a sensing signal required for the sensing operation. Alternatively or additionally, the adjustment request may comprise a number of resources required for repetitions of a sensing signal for the sensing operation. Alternatively or additionally, the adjustment request may comprise a power adjustment for transmission of the sensing signal. Alternatively or additionally, the adjustment request may comprise a beam-direction adjustment for transmission of the sensing signal. Alternatively or additionally, the adjustment request may comprise a beam-direction adjustment for reception of the sensing signal. Alternatively or additionally, the adjustment request may comprise an adjustment on a period or a density of reporting of a sensing result of the sensing operation.
[0173] In some embodiments, the means for transmitting the assistance information may comprise means for transmitting the assistance information to a second device based on receiving, from a network device, an indication of enabling assistance information reporting for the sensing operation. Alternatively, the means for transmitting the assistance information may comprise means for transmitting the assistance information to a second device based on receiving, from the network device, a request, a trigger or a configuration for the assistance information.
[0174] In some embodiments, the assistance information for the sensing operation may be transmitted to the second device based on at least one condition.
[0175] In some embodiments, the apparatus may be a sensing reception device for the sensing operation. The at least one condition may comprise that a duration for which the sensing reception device does not detect any expected sensing signals while performing the sensing operation reaches a first threshold. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one condition may comprise that a number of sensing signals detected by the sensing reception device during a first duration is below a second threshold. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one condition may comprise that a ratio of a number of sensing signals detected by the sensing reception device during a second duration to a total number of expected sensing signals during the second duration is below a third threshold.
[0176] Alternatively or additionally, the at least one condition may comprise that a signal quality of the sensing signal received by the sensing reception device is below a fourth threshold. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one condition may comprise that a signal quality of the sensing signal received by the sensing reception device is above a fifth threshold. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one condition may comprise that a number of consecutive sensing signals received by the sensing reception device with signal qualities below a first signal quality is above a sixth threshold. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one condition may comprise that a number of consecutive sensing signals received by the sensing reception device with signal qualities above a second signal quality is above a seventh threshold. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one condition may comprise that a number of sensing signals received by the sensing reception device during a third duration with signal qualities below a third signal quality is above an eighth threshold. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one condition may comprise that a number of sensing signals received by the sensing reception device during a fourth duration with signal qualities above a fourth signal quality is above a ninth threshold. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one condition may comprise that a ratio of a number of sensing signals received by the sensing reception device during a fifth duration with signal qualities below a fifth signal quality to a total number of sensing signals received during the fifth duration is above a tenth threshold. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one condition may comprise that a ratio of a number of sensing signals received by the sensing reception device during a sixth duration with signal qualities above a sixth signal quality to a total number of sensing signals received during the sixth duration is above an eleventh threshold.
[0177] In some embodiments, the signal quality of the sensing signal may be determined based on a strength of the sensing signal. Alternatively or additionally, the signal quality of the sensing signal may be determined based on a difference between a strength of the sensing signal and an expected strength. Alternatively or additionally, the signal quality of the sensing signal may be determined based on a difference between an angle of arrival (AOA) of the sensing signal and an expected AOA.
[0178] In some embodiments, the strength of the sensing signal may be indicated by a signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) . In some embodiments, the strength of the sensing signal may be indicated by reference signal received power (RSRP) In some embodiments, the strength of the sensing signal may be indicated by a received signal strength indication (RSSI) In some embodiments, the strength of the sensing signal may be indicated by a reference signal received quality (RSRQ) .
[0179] In some embodiments, the apparatus may be a sensing transition device for the sensing operation. The at least one condition may comprise that a duration for which the sensing transition device does not detect any expected response from a sensing reception device for the sensing operation reaches a twelfth threshold. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one condition may comprise that a number of responses detected by the sensing transition device from the sensing reception device during a seventh duration is below a thirteenth threshold. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one condition may comprise that a number of responses detected by the sensing transition device from the sensing reception device during an eighth duration is above a fourteenth threshold. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one condition may comprise that a ratio of a number of responses detected by the sensing transition device from the sensing reception device during a ninth duration to a total number of expected responses during the ninth duration is below a fifteenth threshold. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one condition may comprise that a ratio of a number of responses detected by the sensing transition device from the sensing reception device during a tenth duration to a total number of expected responses during the tenth duration is above a sixteenth threshold.
[0180] Alternatively or additionally, the at least one condition may comprise that the sensing transition device receives a response indicating that a signal quality of a sensing signal received by the sensing reception device is below a first reference signal quality. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one condition may comprise that a number of consecutive responses received by the sensing transition device indicating that signal qualities of sensing signals received by the sensing reception device are below a first reference signal quality is above a seventeenth threshold. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one condition may comprise that a number of responses received by the sensing transition device during an eleventh duration indicating that signal qualities of sensing signals received by the sensing reception device are below a first reference signal quality is above an eighteenth threshold. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one condition may comprise that a ratio of a number of responses received by the sensing transition device during a twelfth duration indicating that signal qualities of sensing signals received by the sensing reception device are below a first reference signal quality to a total number of responses received during the twelfth duration is above a nineteenth threshold.
[0181] In some embodiments, the response indicating that a signal quality of a sensing signal received by the sensing reception device is below a first reference signal quality may comprise an indication that a strength of the sensing signal is below a first strength. Alternatively or additionally, the response indicating that a signal quality of a sensing signal received by the sensing reception device is below a first reference signal quality may comprise an indication that a difference between a strength of the sensing signal and an expected strength reaches or is larger than a first strength difference. Alternatively or additionally, the response indicating that a signal quality of a sensing signal received by the sensing reception device is below a reference signal quality may comprise an indication that a difference between an AOA of the sensing signal and an expected AOA reaches or is larger than a first AOA difference.
[0182] In some embodiments, the at least one condition may comprise that the sensing transition device receives a response indicating that a signal quality of a sensing signal received by the sensing reception device is above a second reference signal quality. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one condition may comprise that a number of consecutive responses received by the sensing transition device indicating that signal qualities of sensing signals received by the sensing reception device are above a second reference signal quality is above a twentieth threshold. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one condition may comprise that a number of responses received by the sensing transition device during a thirteenth duration indicating that signal qualities of sensing signals received by the sensing reception device are above a second reference signal quality is above a twenty-first threshold. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one condition may comprise that a ratio of a number of responses received by the sensing transition device during a fourteenth duration indicating that signal qualities of sensing signals received by the sensing reception device are above a second reference signal quality to a total number of responses received during the fourteenth duration is above a twenty-second threshold.
[0183] In some embodiments, the response indicating that a signal quality of a sensing signal received by the sensing reception device is above a second reference signal quality may comprise that an indication that a strength of the sensing signal is above a second strength. Alternatively or additionally, the response indicating that a signal quality of a sensing signal received by the sensing reception device is above a second reference signal quality may comprise that an indication that a difference between a strength of the sensing signal and an expected strength reaches or is smaller than a second strength difference. Alternatively or additionally, the response indicating that a signal quality of a sensing signal received by the sensing reception device is above a second reference signal quality may comprise that an indication that a difference between an AOA of the sensing signal and an expected AOA reaches or is smaller than a second AOA difference.
[0184] In some embodiments, the at least one condition may comprise that a battery power of the first device falls below a twenty-third threshold. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one condition may comprise that the first device is to perform a communication service.
[0185] In some embodiments, the at least one condition may be configured by a network device. In some embodiments, the at least one condition may be predetermined.
[0186] In some embodiments, the apparatus may further comprise means for receiving, from the second device, a sensing configuration for the sensing operation; and means for continuing performing the sensing operation based on the sensing configuration.
[0187] In some embodiments, the sensing configuration may comprise a resource configuration for an increased number of resources of sensing signals for the sensing operation. Alternatively or additionally, the sensing configuration may comprise a power configuration for transmission of sensing signals in the event that the apparatus is a sensing transition device for the sensing operation. Alternatively or additionally, the sensing configuration may comprise a beam-direction configuration for transmission of sensing signals in the event that the apparatus is a sensing transition device for the sensing operation. Alternatively or additionally, the sensing configuration may comprise a beam-direction configuration for reception of sensing signals in the event that the apparatus is a sensing reception device for the sensing operation. Alternatively or additionally, the sensing configuration may comprise a configuration on an updated period or an updated density for reporting of a sensing result of the sensing operation.
[0188] In some embodiments, the second device may be the network device. The apparatus may further comprise means for receiving, from the network device, an indication of releasing the sensing operation; and means for ceasing performing the sensing operation based on the indication.
[0189] In some embodiments, the apparatus may further comprise means for transmitting, to the network device, a state indication that the first device is able to resume performing the sensing operation based on determining that the first device is able for the sensing operation.
[0190] In some embodiments, the apparatus further comprises means for performing other steps in some embodiments of the method 400. In some embodiments, the means comprises at least one processor and at least one memory including computer program code. The at least one memory and the computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the performance of the apparatus.
[0191] In some embodiments, an apparatus capable of performing the method 500 (for example, the second device 220 as shown in FIG. 2) may comprise means for performing the respective steps of the method 500. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.
[0192] In some embodiments, the apparatus comprises: means for receiving, from a first device, assistance information for a sensing operation; and means for determining a configuration for the sensing operation based on the assistance information.
[0193] In some embodiments, the assistance information may comprise an indication of a failure associated with the sensing operation. Alternatively or additionally, the assistance information may comprise an indication of a sensing quality of the sensing operation. Alternatively or additionally, the assistance information may comprise an indication of whether a sensing quality of the sensing operation is below a first reference sensing quality. Alternatively or additionally, the assistance information may comprise an indication of whether a sensing quality of the sensing operation is above a second reference sensing quality. Alternatively or additionally, the assistance information may comprise an indication of a signal quality of a sensing signal received by the first device. Alternatively or additionally, the assistance information may comprise an indication of at least one condition associated with the sensing operation. Alternatively or additionally, the assistance information may comprise an adjustment request on the sensing operation.
[0194] In some embodiments, the adjustment request may comprise a number of repetitions of a sensing signal required for the sensing operation. Alternatively or additionally, the adjustment request may comprise a number of resources required for repetitions of a sensing signal for the sensing operation. Alternatively or additionally, the adjustment request may comprise a power adjustment for transmission of the sensing signal. Alternatively or additionally, the adjustment request may comprise a beam-direction adjustment for transmission of the sensing signal. Alternatively or additionally, the adjustment request may comprise a beam-direction adjustment for reception of the sensing signal. Alternatively or additionally, the adjustment request may comprise an adjustment on a period or a density of reporting of a sensing result of the sensing operation.
[0195] In some embodiments, the apparatus may be a network device. The apparatus may further comprise means for transmitting the configuration to a sensing reception device for the sensing operation. The configuration may comprise a resource configuration for an increased number of resources of sensing signals for the sensing operation. Alternatively or additionally, the configuration may comprise a beam-direction configuration for reception of sensing signals. Alternatively or additionally, the configuration may comprise a configuration on an updated period or an updated density for reporting of a sensing result of the sensing operation.
[0196] In some embodiments, the apparatus may be a network device. The apparatus may further comprise means for transmitting the configuration to a sensing transition device for the sensing operation. The configuration may comprise a resource configuration for an increased number of resources of sensing signals for the sensing operation. Alternatively or additionally, the configuration may comprise a power configuration for transmission of sensing signals. Alternatively or additionally, the configuration may comprise a beam-direction configuration for transmission of sensing signals. Alternatively or additionally, the configuration may comprise a configuration on an updated period or an updated density for reporting of a sensing result of the sensing operation.
[0197] In some embodiments, the apparatus may be a network device. The apparatus may further comprise means for transmitting, to a sensing reception device for the sensing operation, an indication of releasing the sensing operation.
[0198] In some embodiments, the first device may be a sensing reception device for the sensing operation, and the apparatus may be a sensing transition device for the sensing operation. The apparatus may further comprise means for continuing performing the sensing operation based on the configuration. The configuration may comprise a power adjustment for transmission of sensing signals. Alternatively or additionally, the configuration may comprise a beam-direction adjustment for transmission of sensing signals.
[0199] In some embodiments, the apparatus may be a network device. The apparatus may further comprise means for transmitting, to the first device, an indication of at least one condition associated with the sensing operation.
[0200] In some embodiments, the first device may be a sensing reception device for the sensing operation. The at least one condition may comprise that a duration for which the sensing reception device does not detect any expected sensing signals while performing the sensing operation reaches a first threshold. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one condition may comprise that a number of sensing signals detected by the sensing reception device during a first duration is below a second threshold. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one condition may comprise that a ratio of a number of sensing signals detected by the sensing reception device during a second duration to a total number of expected sensing signals during the second duration is below a third threshold.
[0201] Alternatively or additionally, the at least one condition may comprise that a signal quality of the sensing signal received by the sensing reception device is below a fourth threshold. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one condition may comprise that a signal quality of the sensing signal received by the sensing reception device is above a fifth threshold. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one condition may comprise that a number of consecutive sensing signals received by the sensing reception device with signal qualities below a first signal quality is above a sixth threshold. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one condition may comprise that a number of consecutive sensing signals received by the sensing reception device with signal qualities above a second signal quality is above a seventh threshold. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one condition may comprise that a number of sensing signals received by the sensing reception device during a third duration with signal qualities below a third signal quality is above an eighth threshold. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one condition may comprise that a number of sensing signals received by the sensing reception device during a fourth duration with signal qualities above a fourth signal quality is above a ninth threshold. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one condition may comprise that a ratio of a number of sensing signals received by the sensing reception device during a fifth duration with signal qualities below a fifth signal quality to a total number of sensing signals received during the fifth duration is above a tenth threshold. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one condition may comprise that a ratio of a number of sensing signals received by the sensing reception device during a sixth duration with signal qualities above a sixth signal quality to a total number of sensing signals received during the sixth duration is above an eleventh threshold.
[0202] In some embodiments, the signal quality of the sensing signal may be determined based on a strength of the sensing signal. Alternatively or additionally, the signal quality of the sensing signal may be determined based on a difference between a strength of the sensing signal and an expected strength. Alternatively or additionally, the signal quality of the sensing signal may be determined based on a difference between an angle of arrival (AOA) of the sensing signal and an expected AOA.
[0203] In some embodiments, the strength of the sensing signal may be indicated by a signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) . In some embodiments, the strength of the sensing signal may be indicated by reference signal received power (RSRP) In some embodiments, the strength of the sensing signal may be indicated by a received signal strength indication (RSSI) In some embodiments, the strength of the sensing signal may be indicated by a reference signal received quality (RSRQ) .
[0204] In some embodiments, the first device may be a sensing transition device for the sensing operation. The at least one condition may comprise that a duration for which the sensing transition device does not detect any expected response associated with sensing signals from a sensing reception device for the sensing operation reaches a twelfth threshold. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one condition may comprise that a number of responses detected by the sensing transition device from the sensing reception device during a seventh duration is below a thirteenth threshold. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one condition may comprise that a number of responses detected by the sensing transition device from the sensing reception device during an eighth duration is above a fourteenth threshold. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one condition may comprise that a ratio of a number of responses detected by the sensing transition device from the sensing reception device during a ninth duration to a total number of expected responses during the ninth duration is below a fifteenth threshold. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one condition may comprise that a ratio of a number of responses detected by the sensing transition device from the sensing reception device during a tenth duration to a total number of expected responses during the tenth duration is above a sixteenth threshold.
[0205] Alternatively or additionally, the at least one condition may comprise that the sensing transition device receives a response indicating that a signal quality of a sensing signal received by the sensing reception device is below a first reference signal quality. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one condition may comprise that a number of consecutive responses received by the sensing transition device indicating that signal qualities of sensing signals received by the sensing reception device are below a first reference signal quality is above a seventeenth threshold. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one condition may comprise that a number of responses received by the sensing transition device during an eleventh duration indicating that signal qualities of sensing signals received by the sensing reception device are below a first reference signal quality is above an eighteenth threshold. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one condition may comprise that a ratio of a number of responses received by the sensing transition device during a twelfth duration indicating that signal qualities of sensing signals received by the sensing reception device are below a first reference signal quality to a total number of responses received during the twelfth duration is above a nineteenth threshold.
[0206] In some embodiments, the response indicating that a signal quality of a sensing signal received by the sensing reception device is below a first reference signal quality may comprise an indication that a strength of the sensing signal is below a first strength. Alternatively or additionally, the response indicating that a signal quality of a sensing signal received by the sensing reception device is below a first reference signal quality may comprise an indication that a difference between a strength of the sensing signal and an expected strength reaches or is larger than a first strength difference. Alternatively or additionally, the response indicating that a signal quality of a sensing signal received by the sensing reception device is below a reference signal quality may comprise an indication that a difference between an AOA of the sensing signal and an expected AOA reaches or is larger than a first AOA difference.
[0207] In some embodiments, the at least one condition may comprise that the sensing transition device receives a response indicating that a signal quality of a sensing signal received by the sensing reception device is above a second reference signal quality. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one condition may comprise that a number of consecutive responses received by the sensing transition device indicating that signal qualities of sensing signals received by the sensing reception device are above a second reference signal quality is above a twentieth threshold. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one condition may comprise that a number of responses received by the sensing transition device during a thirteenth duration indicating that signal qualities of sensing signals received by the sensing reception device are above a second reference signal quality is above a twenty-first threshold. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one condition may comprise that a ratio of a number of responses received by the sensing transition device during a fourteenth duration indicating that signal qualities of sensing signals received by the sensing reception device are above a second reference signal quality to a total number of responses received during the fourteenth duration is above a twenty-second threshold.
[0208] In some embodiments, the response indicating that a signal quality of a sensing signal received by the sensing reception device is above a second reference signal quality may comprise that an indication that a strength of the sensing signal is above a second strength. Alternatively or additionally, the response indicating that a signal quality of a sensing signal received by the sensing reception device is above a second reference signal quality may comprise that an indication that a difference between a strength of the sensing signal and an expected strength reaches or is smaller than a second strength difference. Alternatively or additionally, the response indicating that a signal quality of a sensing signal received by the sensing reception device is above a second reference signal quality may comprise that an indication that a difference between an AOA of the sensing signal and an expected AOA reaches or is smaller than a second AOA difference.
[0209] In some embodiments, the at least one condition may comprise that a battery power of the first device falls below a twenty-third threshold. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one condition may comprise that the first device is to perform a communication service.
[0210] In some embodiments, the apparatus may further comprise means for transmitting, to the first device, an indication of enabling assistance information reporting for the sensing operation. In some embodiments, the apparatus may further comprise means for transmitting, to the first device, a request, a trigger or a configuration for the assistance information.
[0211] In some embodiments, the apparatus further comprises means for performing other steps in some embodiments of the method 500. In some embodiments, the means comprises at least one processor and at least one memory including computer program code. The at least one memory and the computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the performance of the apparatus.
[0212] FIG. 6 is a simplified block diagram of a device 600 that is suitable for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure. The device 600 may be provided to implement the communication device, for example the second device 220 and the first device 210 as shown in FIG. 1A. As shown, the device 600 includes one or more processors 610, one or more memories 620 coupled to the processor 610, and one or more communication modules 640 coupled to the processor 610.
[0213] The communication module 640 is for bidirectional communications. The communication module 640 has at least one antenna to facilitate communication. The communication interface may represent any interface that is necessary for communication with other network elements.
[0214] The processor 610 may be of any type suitable to the local technical network and may include one or more of the following: general purpose computers, special purpose computers, microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs) and processors based on multicore processor architecture, as non-limiting examples. The device 600 may have multiple processors, such as an application specific integrated circuit chip that is slaved in time to a clock which synchronizes the main processor.
[0215] The memory 620 may include one or more non-volatile memories and one or more volatile memories. Examples of the non-volatile memories include, but are not limited to, a Read Only Memory (ROM) 624, an electrically programmable read only memory (EPROM) , a flash memory, a hard disk, a compact disc (CD) , a digital video disk (DVD) , and other magnetic storage and / or optical storage. Examples of the volatile memories include, but are not limited to, a random access memory (RAM) 622 and other volatile memories that will not last in the power-down duration.
[0216] A computer program 630 includes computer executable instructions that are executed by the associated processor 610. The program 630 may be stored in the ROM 624. The processor 610 may perform any suitable actions and processing by loading the program 630 into the RAM 622.
[0217] The embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented by means of the program 630 so that the device 600 may perform any process of the disclosure as discussed with reference to FIGS. 2-5. The embodiments of the present disclosure may also be implemented by hardware or by a combination of software and hardware.
[0218] In some embodiments, the program 630 may be tangibly contained in a computer readable medium which may be included in the device 600 (such as in the memory 620) or other storage devices that are accessible by the device 600. The device 600 may load the program 630 from the computer readable medium to the RAM 622 for execution. The computer readable medium may include any types of tangible non-volatile storage, such as ROM, EPROM, a flash memory, a hard disk, CD, DVD, and the like. FIG. 7 shows an example of the computer readable medium 700 in form of CD or DVD. The computer readable medium has the program 630 stored thereon.
[0219] Generally, various embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented in hardware or special purpose circuits, software, logic or any combination thereof. Some aspects may be implemented in hardware, while other aspects may be implemented in firmware or software which may be executed by a controller, microprocessor or other computing device. While various aspects of embodiments of the present disclosure are illustrated and described as block diagrams, flowcharts, or using some other pictorial representations, it is to be understood that the block, apparatus, system, technique or method described herein may be implemented in, as non-limiting examples, hardware, software, firmware, special purpose circuits or logic, general purpose hardware or controller or other computing devices, or some combination thereof.
[0220] The present disclosure also provides at least one computer program product tangibly stored on a non-transitory computer readable storage medium. The computer program product includes computer-executable instructions, such as those included in program modules, being executed in a device on a target real or virtual processor, to carry out the methods as described above with reference to FIGS. 2-5. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, libraries, objects, classes, components, data structures, or the like that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. The functionality of the program modules may be combined or split between program modules as desired in various embodiments. Machine-executable instructions for program modules may be executed within a local or distributed device. In a distributed device, program modules may be located in both local and remote storage media.
[0221] Program code for carrying out methods of the present disclosure may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. These program codes may be provided to a processor or controller of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus, such that the program codes, when executed by the processor or controller, cause the functions / operations specified in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams to be implemented. The program code may execute entirely on a machine, partly on the machine, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the machine and partly on a remote machine or entirely on the remote machine or server.
[0222] In the context of the present disclosure, the computer program codes or related data may be carried by any suitable carrier to enable the device, apparatus or processor to perform various processes and operations as described above. Examples of the carrier include a signal, computer readable medium, and the like.
[0223] The computer readable medium may be a computer readable signal medium or a computer readable storage medium. A computer readable medium may include but not limited to an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples of the computer readable storage medium would include an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM) , a read-only memory (ROM) , an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory) , an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) , an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. The term “non-transitory, ” as used herein, is a limitation of the medium itself (i.e., tangible, not a signal) as opposed to a limitation on data storage persistency (e.g., RAM vs. ROM) .
[0224] Further, while operations are depicted in a particular order, this should not be understood as requiring that such operations be performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, or that all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirable results. In certain circumstances, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Likewise, while several specific implementation details are contained in the above discussions, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of the present disclosure, but rather as descriptions of features that may be specific to particular embodiments. Certain features that are described in the context of separate embodiments may also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single embodiment may also be implemented in multiple embodiments separately or in any suitable sub-combination.
[0225] Although the present disclosure has been described in languages specific to structural features and / or methodological acts, it is to be understood that the present disclosure defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described above. Rather, the specific features and acts described above are disclosed as example forms of implementing the claims.
Claims
1.A first device comprising:at least one processor; andat least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the first device at least to:determine assistance information associated to a sensing operation; andtransmit, to a second device, the assistance information for the sensing operation.2.The first device of claim 1, wherein the assistance information comprises at least one of the following:an indication of a failure associated with the sensing operation;an indication of a sensing quality of the sensing operation;an indication of whether a sensing quality of the sensing operation is below a first reference sensing quality;an indication of whether a sensing quality of the sensing operation is above a second reference sensing quality;an indication of a signal quality of a sensing signal received by the first device;an indication of at least one condition associated with the sensing operation; oran adjustment request on the sensing operation.3.The first device of claim 2, wherein the adjustment request comprises at least one of the following:a number of repetitions of a sensing signal required for the sensing operation;a number of resources required for repetitions of a sensing signal for the sensing operation;a power adjustment for transmission of the sensing signal;a beam-direction adjustment for transmission of the sensing signal;a beam-direction adjustment for reception of the sensing signal; oran adjustment on a period or a density of reporting of a sensing result of the sensing operation.4.The first device of any of claims 1-3, wherein the first device is caused to transmit the assistance information to a second device based on at least one of the following:receiving, from a network device, an indication of enabling assistance information reporting for the sensing operation; orreceiving, from the network device, a request, a trigger or a configuration for the assistance information.5.The first device of any of claims 1-4, wherein the assistance information for the sensing operation is transmitted to the second device based on at least one condition.6.The first device of any of claims 2, 3 or 5, wherein the first device is a sensing reception device for the sensing operation, and the at least one condition comprises at least one of the following:a duration for which the sensing reception device does not detect any expected sensing signals while performing the sensing operation reaches a first threshold;a number of sensing signals detected by the sensing reception device during a first duration is below a second threshold;a ratio of a number of sensing signals detected by the sensing reception device during a second duration to a total number of expected sensing signals during the second duration is below a third threshold;a signal quality of the sensing signal received by the sensing reception device is below a fourth threshold;a signal quality of the sensing signal received by the sensing reception device is above a fifth threshold;a number of consecutive sensing signals received by the sensing reception device with signal qualities below a first signal quality is above a sixth threshold;a number of consecutive sensing signals received by the sensing reception device with signal qualities above a second signal quality is above a seventh threshold;a number of sensing signals received by the sensing reception device during a third duration with signal qualities below a third signal quality is above an eighth threshold;a number of sensing signals received by the sensing reception device during a fourth duration with signal qualities above a fourth signal quality is above a ninth threshold;a ratio of a number of sensing signals received by the sensing reception device during a fifth duration with signal qualities below a fifth signal quality to a total number of sensing signals received during the fifth duration is above a tenth threshold; ora ratio of a number of sensing signals received by the sensing reception device during a sixth duration with signal qualities above a sixth signal quality to a total number of sensing signals received during the sixth duration is above an eleventh threshold,wherein the signal quality of the sensing signal is determined based on at least one of the following:a strength of the sensing signal;a difference between a strength of the sensing signal and an expected strength; ora difference between an angle of arrival (AOA) of the sensing signal and an expected AOA,wherein the strength of the sensing signal is indicated by at least one of the following:a signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) ;reference signal received power (RSRP) ;a received signal strength indication (RSSI) ; ora reference signal received quality (RSRQ) .7.The first device of any of claims 2, 3 or 5, wherein the first device is a sensing transition device for the sensing operation, and the at least one condition comprises at least one of the following:a duration for which the sensing transition device does not detect any expected response from a sensing reception device for the sensing operation reaches a twelfth threshold;a number of responses detected by the sensing transition device from the sensing reception device during a seventh duration is below a thirteenth threshold;a number of responses detected by the sensing transition device from the sensing reception device during an eighth duration is above a fourteenth threshold;a ratio of a number of responses detected by the sensing transition device from the sensing reception device during a ninth duration to a total number of expected responses during the ninth duration is below a fifteenth threshold;a ratio of a number of responses detected by the sensing transition device from the sensing reception device during a tenth duration to a total number of expected responses during the tenth duration is above a sixteenth threshold;the sensing transition device receives a response indicating that a signal quality of a sensing signal received by the sensing reception device is below a first reference signal quality;a number of consecutive responses received by the sensing transition device indicating that signal qualities of sensing signals received by the sensing reception device are below a first reference signal quality is above a seventeenth threshold;a number of responses received by the sensing transition device during an eleventh duration indicating that signal qualities of sensing signals received by the sensing reception device are below a first reference signal quality is above an eighteenth threshold;a ratio of a number of responses received by the sensing transition device during a twelfth duration indicating that signal qualities of sensing signals received by the sensing reception device are below a first reference signal quality to a total number of responses received during the twelfth duration is above a nineteenth threshold,the sensing transition device receives a response indicating that a signal quality of a sensing signal received by the sensing reception device is above a second reference signal quality;a number of consecutive responses received by the sensing transition device indicating that signal qualities of sensing signals received by the sensing reception device are above a second reference signal quality is above a twentieth threshold;a number of responses received by the sensing transition device during a thirteenth duration indicating that signal qualities of sensing signals received by the sensing reception device are above a second reference signal quality is above a twenty-first threshold; ora ratio of a number of responses received by the sensing transition device during a fourteenth duration indicating that signal qualities of sensing signals received by the sensing reception device are above a second reference signal quality to a total number of responses received during the fourteenth duration is above a twenty-second threshold,wherein the response indicating that a signal quality of a sensing signal received by the sensing reception device is below a first reference signal quality comprises at least one of the following:an indication that a strength of the sensing signal is below a first strength;an indication that a difference between a strength of the sensing signal and an expected strength reaches or is larger than a first strength difference; oran indication that a difference between an AOA of the sensing signal and an expected AOA reaches or is larger than a first AOA difference,wherein the response indicating that a signal quality of a sensing signal received by the sensing reception device is above a second reference signal quality comprises at least one of the following:an indication that a strength of the sensing signal is above a second strength;an indication that a difference between a strength of the sensing signal and an expected strength reaches or is smaller than a second strength difference; oran indication that a difference between an AOA of the sensing signal and an expected AOA reaches or is smaller than a second AOA difference.8.The first device of any of claims 2, 3 or 5-7, wherein the at least one condition comprises at least one of the following:a battery power of the first device falls below a twenty-third threshold; orthe first device is to perform a communication service.9.The first device of any of claims 2, 3 or 5-8, wherein the at least one condition is configured by a network device or predetermined.10.The first device of any of claims 1-9, wherein the first device is further caused to:receive, from the second device, a sensing configuration for the sensing operation; andcontinue performing the sensing operation based on the sensing configuration.11.The first device of claim 10, wherein the sensing configuration comprises:a resource configuration for an increased number of resources of sensing signals for the sensing operation;a power configuration for transmission of sensing signals in the event that the first device is a sensing transition device for the sensing operation;a beam-direction configuration for transmission of sensing signals in the event that the first device is a sensing transition device for the sensing operation;a beam-direction configuration for reception of sensing signals in the event that the first device is a sensing reception device for the sensing operation; ora configuration on an updated period or an updated density for reporting of a sensing result of the sensing operation.12.The first device of any of claims 1-11, wherein the second device is the network device, and the first device is further caused to:receive, from the network device, an indication of releasing the sensing operation; andcease performing the sensing operation based on the indication.13.The first device of claim 12, wherein the first device is further caused to:based on determining that the first device is able for the sensing operation, transmit, to the network device, a state indication that the first device is able to resume performing the sensing operation.14.A second device comprising:at least one processor; andat least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the second device at least to:receive, from a first device, assistance information for a sensing operation; anddetermine a configuration for the sensing operation based on the assistance information.15.The second device of claim 14, wherein the assistance information comprises at least one of the following:an indication of a failure associated with the sensing operation;an indication of a sensing quality of the sensing operation;an indication of whether a sensing quality of the sensing operation is below a first reference sensing quality;an indication of whether a sensing quality of the sensing operation is above a second reference sensing quality;an indication of a signal quality of a sensing signal received by the first device;an indication of at least one condition associated with the sensing operation; oran adjustment request on the sensing operation.16.The second device of claim 15, wherein the adjustment request comprises at least one of the following:a number of repetitions of a sensing signal required for the sensing operation;a number of resources required for repetitions of a sensing signal for the sensing operation;a power adjustment for transmission of the sensing signal;a beam-direction adjustment for transmission of the sensing signal;a beam-direction adjustment for reception of the sensing signal; oran adjustment on a period or a density of reporting of a sensing result of the sensing operation.17.The second device of any of claims 14-16, wherein the second device is a network device, and the network device is further caused to:transmit the configuration to a sensing reception device for the sensing operation, wherein the configuration comprises at least one of the following:a resource configuration for an increased number of resources of sensing signals for the sensing operation;a beam-direction configuration for reception of sensing signals; ora configuration on an updated period or an updated density for reporting of a sensing result of the sensing operation.18.The second device of any of claims 14-17, wherein the second device is a network device, and the network device is further caused to:transmit the configuration to a sensing transition device for the sensing operation, wherein the configuration comprises at least one of the following:a resource configuration for an increased number of resources of sensing signals for the sensing operation;a power configuration for transmission of sensing signals;a beam-direction configuration for transmission of sensing signals; ora configuration on an updated period or an updated density for reporting of a sensing result of the sensing operation.19.The second device of any of claims 14-17, wherein the second device is a network device, and the network device is further caused to:transmit, to a sensing reception device for the sensing operation, an indication of releasing the sensing operation.20.The second device of any of claims 14-17, wherein the first device is a sensing reception device for the sensing operation, the second device is a sensing transition device for the sensing operation, wherein the sensing transition device is further caused to:continue performing the sensing operation based on the configuration,wherein the configuration comprises at least one of the following:a power adjustment for transmission of sensing signals; ora beam-direction adjustment for transmission of sensing signals.21.The second device of any of claims 14-19, wherein the second device is a network device, the network device is further caused to:transmit, to the first device, an indication of at least one condition associated with the sensing operation.22.The second device of any of claims 15, 16 or 21, wherein the first device is a sensing reception device for the sensing operation, and the at least one condition comprises at least one of the following:a duration for which the sensing reception device does not detect any expected sensing signals while performing the sensing operation reaches a first threshold;a number of sensing signals detected by the sensing reception device during a first duration is below a second threshold;a ratio of a number of sensing signals detected by the sensing reception device during a second duration to a total number of expected sensing signals during the second duration is below a third threshold;a signal quality of the sensing signal received by the sensing reception device is below a fourth threshold;a signal quality of the sensing signal received by the sensing reception device is above a fifth threshold;a number of consecutive sensing signals received by the sensing reception device with signal qualities below a first signal quality is above a sixth threshold;a number of consecutive sensing signals received by the sensing reception device with signal qualities above a second signal quality is above a seventh threshold;a number of sensing signals received by the sensing reception device during a third duration with signal qualities below a third signal quality is above an eighth threshold;a number of sensing signals received by the sensing reception device during a fourth duration with signal qualities above a fourth signal quality is above a ninth threshold;a ratio of a number of sensing signals received by the sensing reception device during a fifth duration with signal qualities below a fifth signal quality to a total number of sensing signals received during the fifth duration is above a tenth threshold; ora ratio of a number of sensing signals received by the sensing reception device during a sixth duration with signal qualities above a sixth signal quality to a total number of sensing signals received during the sixth duration is above an eleventh threshold,wherein the signal quality of the sensing signal is based on at least one of the following:a strength of the sensing signal;a difference between a strength of the sensing signal and an expected strength; ora difference between an angle of arrival (AOA) of the sensing signal and an expected AOA,wherein the strength of the sensing signal is indicated by at least one of the following:a signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) ;reference signal received power (RSRP) ;a received signal strength indication (RSSI) ; ora reference signal received quality (RSRQ) .23.The second device of any of claims any of claims 15, 16 or 21, wherein the first device is a sensing transition device for the sensing operation, and the at least one condition comprises at least one of the following:a duration for which the sensing transition device does not detect any expected response associated with sensing signals from a sensing reception device for the sensing operation reaches a twelfth threshold;a number of responses detected by the sensing transition device from the sensing reception device during a seventh duration is below a thirteenth threshold;a number of responses detected by the sensing transition device from the sensing reception device during an eighth duration is above a fourteenth threshold;a ratio of a number of responses detected by the sensing transition device from the sensing reception device during a ninth duration to a total number of expected responses during the ninth duration is below a fifteenth threshold;a ratio of a number of responses detected by the sensing transition device from the sensing reception device during a tenth duration to a total number of expected responses during the tenth duration is above a sixteenth threshold.the sensing transition device receives a response indicating that a signal quality of a sensing signal received by the sensing reception device is below a first reference signal quality;a number of consecutive responses received by the sensing transition device indicating that signal qualities of sensing signals received by the sensing reception device are below a first reference signal quality is above a seventeenth threshold;a number of responses received by the sensing transition device during an eleventh duration indicating that signal qualities of sensing signals received by the sensing reception device are below a first reference signal quality is above an eighteenth threshold;a ratio of a number of responses received by the sensing transition device during a twelfth duration indicating that signal qualities of sensing signals received by the sensing reception device are below a first reference signal quality to a total number of responses received during the twelfth duration is above a nineteenth threshold,the sensing transition device receives a response indicating that a signal quality of a sensing signal received by the sensing reception device is above a second reference signal quality;a number of consecutive responses received by the sensing transition device indicating that signal qualities of sensing signals received by the sensing reception device are above a second reference signal quality is above a twentieth threshold;a number of responses received by the sensing transition device during a thirteenth duration indicating that signal qualities of sensing signals received by the sensing reception device are above a second reference signal quality is above a twenty-first threshold; ora ratio of a number of responses received by the sensing transition device during a fourteenth duration indicating that signal qualities of sensing signals received by the sensing reception device are above a second reference signal quality to a total number of responses received during the fourteenth duration is above a twenty-second threshold,wherein the response indicating that a signal quality of a sensing signal received by the sensing reception device is below a first reference signal quality comprises at least one of the following:an indication that a strength of the sensing signal is below a first strength;an indication that a difference between a strength of the sensing signal and an expected strength reaches or is larger than a first strength difference; oran indication that a difference between an AOA of the sensing signal and an expected AOA reaches or is larger than a first AOA difference,wherein the response indicating that a signal quality of a sensing signal received by the sensing reception device is above a second reference signal quality comprises at least one of the following:an indication that a strength of the sensing signal is above a second strength;an indication that a difference between a strength of the sensing signal and an expected strength reaches or is smaller than a second strength difference; oran indication that a difference between an AOA of the sensing signal and an expected AOA reaches or is smaller than a second AOA difference.24.The second device of any of claims 15-16 or 21-23, wherein the at least one condition comprises at least one of the following:a battery power of the first device falls below a twenty-third threshold; orthe first device is to perform a communication service.25.The second device of any of claims 14-24, wherein the second device is further caused to:transmit, to the first device, an indication of enabling assistance information reporting for the sensing operation; ortransmit, to the first device, a request, a trigger or a configuration for the assistance information.26.A method comprising:determining, at a first device, assistance information associated to a sensing operation; andtransmitting, to a second device, the assistance information for the sensing operation.27.A method comprising:receiving, at a second device and from a first device, assistance information for a sensing operation; anddetermining a configuration for the sensing operation based on the assistance information.28.An apparatus comprising:means for determining assistance information associated to a sensing operation; andmeans for transmitting, to a second device, the assistance information for the sensing operation.29.An apparatus comprising:means for receiving, from a first device, assistance information for a sensing operation; andmeans for determining a configuration for the sensing operation based on the assistance information.30.A computer readable medium comprising program instructions for causing an apparatus to perform at least the method of claim 26 or 27.
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