Random access in a-IOT system
The A-IoT system improves random access efficiency by enabling A-IoT devices to detect and handle failures, thereby enhancing system performance through flexible and efficient access operations.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/092409
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-05-10
- Publication Date
- 2025-03-20
AI Technical Summary
The existing A-IoT systems face challenges in enhancing random access procedures, particularly in detecting and handling failures such as contention resolution failures and random access failures, which lead to inefficiencies and reduced performance.
The proposed solution involves a method where A-IoT devices determine the occurrence of failures, such as contention resolution failures or random access failures, and perform operations to initiate access to a second device, improving the flexibility and efficiency of random access in the A-IoT system.
This approach enhances the performance of the A-IoT system by improving the flexibility and efficiency of random access procedures, effectively addressing failure detection and handling issues.
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Figure CN2024092409_20032025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
RANDOM ACCESS IN A-IOT SYSTEMTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates to wireless communications, and more specifically to random access in an ambient internet of things (A-IoT) system.BACKGROUND
[0002] A wireless communications system may include one or multiple network communication devices, such as base stations (BSs) , which may be otherwise known as an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB (gNB) , or other suitable terminology. Each network communication devices, such as a base station may support wireless communications for one or multiple user communication devices, which may be otherwise known as user equipment (UE) , or other suitable terminology. The wireless communications system may support wireless communications with one or multiple user communication devices by utilizing resources of the wireless communication system (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers) . Additionally, the wireless communications system may support wireless communications across various radio access technologies including third generation (3G) radio access technology, fourth generation (4G) radio access technology, fifth generation (5G) radio access technology, among other suitable radio access technologies beyond 5G (e.g., sixth generation (6G) ) .
[0003] A wireless communication system may include an A-IoT device, which has a lower capability in terms of complexity and power consumption. In this case, the wireless communication system may also be referred to as an A-IoT system. Multiple topologies, for example, Topologies 1 and 2, are supported for the A-IoT device. In Topology 1, the A-IoT device directly and bidirectionally communicates with a BS. In Topology 2, the A-IoT device communicates bidirectionally with an intermediate device (also referred to as an intermediate node) between the A-IoT device and a BS. However, transmission enhancements in the A-IoT system, especially, enhancements on random access in the A-IoT system considering one or more of the above multiple topologies, are still needed.SUMMARY
[0004] The present disclosure relates to methods, apparatuses, and systems that support random access in an A-IoT system. With the apparatuses and methods, it is possible to improve the flexibility and efficiency of the random access in the A-IoT system.
[0005] In some implementations, there is provided a first device. The first device comprises at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the first device to: determine an occurrence of a failure; and perform an operation associated with initiating access to a second device based on the determination of the occurrence of the failure.
[0006] In some implementations, there is provided a method performed by the first device. The method comprises: determining an occurrence of a failure; and performing an operation associated with initiating access to a second device based on the determination of the occurrence of the failure.
[0007] In some implementations, there is provided a processor for wireless communication. The processor comprises at least one controller coupled with at least one memory and configured to cause the processor to: determine an occurrence of a failure; and perform an operation associated with initiating access to a second device based on the determination of the occurrence of the failure.
[0008] In some implementations of the method and the first device described herein, the failure comprises one of the following: a contention resolution failure; or a random access failure.
[0009] In some implementations of the method and the first device described herein, determining the occurrence of the failure may comprise determining the contention resolution failure based on: the first device receiving an identifier in an acknowledgment message from the second device, the identifier being different from an identifier in an access message transmitted by the first device. In some implementations of the method and the first device described herein, the identifier may comprise one of the following: a random number; an identifier for contention resolution; or an identifier of the first device.
[0010] In some implementations of the method and the first device described herein, determining the occurrence of the failure may comprise determining the contention resolution failure based on the first device failing to receive an identifier in an acknowledgment message from the second device, the identifier being the same as an identifier in an access message transmitted by the first device, and the first device having received target information from the second device. In some implementations of the method and the first device described herein, the access message may be associated with a first access trigger message received from the second device, and the target information may comprise one of the following: a second access trigger message different from the first access trigger message; a non-acknowledgment (NACK) message associated with access of the first device to the second device; or an end indication associated with access of the first device to the second device. In some implementations of the method and the first device described herein, the identifier may comprise one of the following: a random number; an identifier for contention resolution; or an identifier of the first device.
[0011] In some implementations of the method and the first device described herein, determining the occurrence of the failure may comprise determining the contention resolution failure based on: the first device failing to receive, from the second device, an identifier in an acknowledgment message during a time period, the identifier being the same as an identifier in an access message transmitted by the first device. In some implementations of the method and the first device described herein, the time period may be one of the following: determined based on a random access occasion duration; determined by the first device; or configured by the second device. In some implementations of the method and the first device described herein, the identifier may comprise one of the following: a random number; an identifier for contention resolution; or an identifier of the first device.
[0012] In some implementations of the method and the first device described herein, determining the occurrence of the failure may comprise determining the random access failure based on a number of contention resolution failures being larger than a number threshold within a time window. In some implementations of the method and the first device described herein, the number threshold may be determined by the first device or configured by the second device.
[0013] In some implementations of the method and the first device described herein, determining the occurrence of the failure may comprise determining the random access failure based on: the first device failing to access the second device successfully during a time period after receiving an access trigger message from the second device. In some implementations of the method and the first device described herein, the time period may be at least one of the following: determined based on a random access occasion duration; determined by the first device; or configured by the second device.
[0014] In some implementations of the method and the first device described herein, determining the occurrence of the failure may comprise determining the random access failure based on: the first device failing to receive, from the second device, an acknowledgment message during a time period after transmitting an access message to the second device. In some implementations of the method and the first device described herein, the time period may be at least one of the following: determined based on a random access occasion duration; determined by the first device; or configured by the second device.
[0015] In some implementations of the method and the first device described herein, determining the occurrence of the failure may comprise determining the random access failure based on: the first device failing to access the second device successfully, and the first device having received target information from the second device. In some implementations of the method and the first device described herein, the target information may comprise one of the following: a non-acknowledgment (NACK) message associated with access of the first device to the second device; or an end indication associated with access of the first device to the second device.
[0016] In some implementations of the method and the first device described herein, determining the occurrence of the failure may comprise determining the random access failure based on a contention resolution being not successful, and energy storage at the first device being lower than an energy threshold. In some implementations of the method and the first device described herein, the energy threshold may be determined by the first device or configured by the second device.
[0017] In some implementations of the method and the first device described herein, performing the operation may comprise: retransmitting target information with a repetition number larger than a repetition threshold based on a resource scheduled for the retransmission. In some implementations of the method and the first device described herein, the target information may comprise one of the following: an identifier associated with the first device; a random number; an identifier for contention resolution; or an access message.
[0018] In some implementations of the method and the first device described herein, an access message transmitted to the second device may be associated with a first access trigger message received from the second device on a first random access occasion, and performing the operation may comprise: initiating a new random access procedure or re-accessing the second device upon receiving a second access trigger message for a second random access occasion from the second device.
[0019] In some implementations of the method and the first device described herein, performing the operation may comprise: initiating a new random access procedure or re-accessing the second device after a backoff time period. In some implementations of the method and the first device described herein, at least one of the following: the backoff time period may be determined by the first device; the backoff time period may be a specific time period; or the backoff time period may comprise a plurality of random access occasions.
[0020] In some implementations of the method and the first device described herein, performing the operation may comprise: transmitting, to the second device, a re-generated identifier upon receiving an indication of an updated parameter, the updated parameter being used for determining a time-domain resource for access of the first device to the second device.
[0021] In some implementations of the method and the first device described herein, an access message transmitted to the second device may be associated with a first access trigger message received from the second device in a first round, and performing the operation may comprise: transmitting, to the second device, a re-generated identifier upon receiving a second access trigger message for a second round from the second device.
[0022] In some implementations, there is provided a second device. The second device comprises at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the second device to: determine an occurrence of a failure at one or more first devices; and perform an operation associated with access of the one or more first devices to the second device based on the determination of the occurrence of the failure.
[0023] In some implementations, there is provided a method performed by the second device. The method comprises: determining an occurrence of a failure at one or more first devices; and perform an operation associated with access of the one or more first devices to the second device based on the determination of the occurrence of the failure.
[0024] In some implementations, there is provided a processor for wireless communication. The processor comprises at least one controller coupled with at least one memory and configured to cause the processor to: determine an occurrence of a failure at one or more first devices; and perform an operation associated with access of the one or more first devices to the second device based on the determination of the occurrence of the failure.
[0025] In some implementations of the method and the second device described herein, the failure may comprise one of the following: a contention resolution failure; or a random access failure.
[0026] In some implementations of the method and the second device described herein, the second device receives no access message from the one or more first devices during a time period, and performing the operation may comprise one of the following: transmitting, to the one or more first devices, a new access trigger message; or transmitting, to the one or more first devices, an indication to trigger a retransmission of target information with a repetition number larger than a repetition threshold based on a resource scheduled for the retransmission, the target information comprises one of an identifier or an access message.
[0027] In some implementations of the method and the second device described herein, the second device may receive one or more access messages from the one or more first devices, but fail to decode any of the one or more access messages, and performing the operation may comprise one of the following: transmitting, to the one or more first devices, one of the following: a non-acknowledgment (NACK) message; an end indication; or a failure indication; or transmitting, to the one or more first devices, an indication to trigger a retransmission of target information with a repetition number larger than a repetition threshold based on a resource scheduled for the retransmission, the target information comprises one of an identifier or an access message.
[0028] In some implementations of the method and the second device described herein, the second device may receive one or more access messages from the one or more first devices, and decode the one or more access messages, and performing the operation may comprise one of the following: transmitting an acknowledgment (ACK) message to a first device selected from the one or more first devices; transmitting an ACK message to the one or more first devices, the ACK message comprising one or more identifiers associated with the one or more first devices; or transmitting one or more ACK messages to the one or more first devices respectively, a respective one of the one or more ACK messages comprising a respective identifier associated with a respective one of the one or more first devices.
[0029] In some implementations of the method and the second device described herein, performing the operation may comprise one of the following: transmitting, to the one or more first devices, an indication of an updated parameter, the updated parameter being used for determining a time-domain resource for access to the second device; transmitting, to the one or more first devices, an energy carrier wave with a power higher than a first power threshold, or with a time duration longer than a time threshold; or transmitting a command to an energy source for an energy carrier wave transmission with a power higher than a second power threshold or with a time duration longer than a time threshold.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0030] FIG. 1A illustrates an example of a wireless communications system that supports random access in an A-IoT system in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure;
[0031] FIG. 1B illustrates an example of Topology 1 associated with aspects of the present disclosure;
[0032] FIG. 1C illustrates an example of Topology 2 associated with aspects of the present disclosure;
[0033] FIG. 1D illustrates an example 4-step like random access like procedure associated with aspects of the present disclosure;
[0034] FIG. 1E illustrates an example 2-step like random access like procedure associated with aspects of the present disclosure;
[0035] FIGs. 2 and 3 illustrate example process flows in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0036] FIG. 4 illustrates an example of a device that supports random access in an A-IoT system in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure;
[0037] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a processor that supports random access in an A-IoT system in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure; and
[0038] FIGS. 6 through 7 illustrate flowcharts of methods that support random access in an A-IoT system in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0039] Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar elements.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0040] Principles of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some embodiments. It is to be understood that these embodiments are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitation as to the scope of the disclosure. The disclosure described herein may be implemented in various manners other than the ones described below.
[0041] In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
[0042] References in the present disclosure to “one embodiment, ” “an example embodiment, ” “an embodiment, ” “some embodiments, ” and the like indicate that the embodiment (s) described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but it is not necessary that every embodiment includes the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment (s) . Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to affect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described.
[0043] It shall be understood that although the terms “first” and “second” or the like may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another element. For example, a first element could also be termed as a second element, and similarly, a second element could also be termed as a first element, without departing from the scope of embodiments. As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the listed terms.
[0044] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments. As used herein, the singular forms “a” , “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” , “comprising” , “has” , “having” , “includes” and / or “including” , when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, elements, and / or components, etc., but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components and / or combinations thereof.
[0045] As used herein, the term “communication network” refers to a network following any suitable communication standards, such as 5G new radio (NR) , LTE, LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) , Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) , High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA) , Narrow Band Internet of Things (NB-IoT) , and so on. Further, the communications between a UE and a network device in the communication network may be performed according to any suitable generation communication protocols, including but not limited to, the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , 2.5G, 2.75G, the third generation (3G) , the 4G, 4.5G, the 5G communication protocols, and / or any other protocols either currently known or to be developed in the future. Embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied in various communication systems. Given the rapid development in communications, there will also be future type communication technologies and systems in which the present disclosure may be embodied. It should not be seen as limiting the scope of the present disclosure to only the aforementioned systems.
[0046] As used herein, the term “network device” generally refers to a node in a communication network via which a UE can access the communication network and receive services therefrom. The network device may refer to a base station (BS) or an access point (AP) , for example, a node B (NodeB or NB) , a radio access network (RAN) node, an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a NR NB (also referred to as a gNB) , a Remote Radio Unit (RRU) , a radio header (RH) , an infrastructure device for a vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication, a transmission and reception point (TRP) , a reception point (RP) , a remote radio head (RRH) , a relay, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a low power node such as a femto a base station (BS) , a pico BS, and so forth, depending on the applied terminology and technology. The network device may further refer to a network function (NF) in the core network, for example, a service management function (SMF) , an access and mobility management function (AMF) , a policy control function (PCF) , a user plane function (UPF) or devices with same function in future network architectures, and so forth.
[0047] As used herein, the term “user equipment (UE) ” generally refers to any end device that may be capable of wireless communications. By way of example rather than a limitation, a UE may also be referred to as a communication device, a terminal device, an end user device, a subscriber station (SS) , an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) , a portable subscriber station, a mobile station (MS) , or an access terminal (AT) . The UE may include, but is not limited to, a mobile phone, a cellular phone, a smart phone, a voice over IP (VoIP) phone, a wireless local loop phone, a tablet, a wearable UE, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a portable computer, a desktop computer, an image capture UE such as a digital camera, a gaming UE, a music storage and playback appliance, a vehicle-mounted wireless UE, a wireless endpoint, a mobile station, laptop-embedded equipment (LEE) , laptop-mounted equipment (LME) , a USB dongle, a smart device, wireless customer-premises equipment (CPE) , an Internet of Things (loT) device, a watch or other wearable, a head-mounted display (HMD) , a vehicle, a drone, a medical device (for example, a remote surgery device) , an industrial device (for example, a robot and / or other wireless devices operating in an industrial and / or an automated processing chain contexts) , a consumer electronics device, a device operating on commercial and / or industrial wireless networks, and the like. In the following description, the terms: “UE, ” “communication device, ” “terminal, ” and “UE, ” may be used interchangeably.
[0048] As used herein, the term “A-IoT device” refers to a device without batteries or with limited energy storage capabilities. For the A-IoT device, energy is provided by harvesting radio waves, light, motion, heat, or any other suitable source. The A-IoT device can also be called a zero-power terminal, a near-zero power terminal, a passive IoT device, an ambient backscatter communication (AmBC) device, a tag, etc. Compared with low-power and wide-coverage services, such as narrow band (NB) IoT, and enhanced machine type communication (eMTC) , A-IoT has lower complexity and lower power consumption, and is suitable for more application scenarios.
[0049] Principles and implementations of embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the figures.
[0050] FIG. 1A illustrates an example of a wireless communications system (or referred to as a communication network) 100 that supports random access in an A-IoT system in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications system 100 may include one or more network entities 102 (also referred to as network equipment) , one or more UEs 104, a core network 106, and a packet data network 108. The wireless communications system 100 may support various radio access technologies. In some implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a 4G network, such as an LTE network or an LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) network. In some other implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a 5G network, such as an NR network. In other implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a combination of a 4G network and a 5G network, or other suitable radio access technology including Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi) , IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) , IEEE 802.20. The wireless communications system 100 may support radio access technologies beyond 5G. Additionally, the wireless communications system 100 may support technologies, such as time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , or code division multiple access (CDMA) , etc.
[0051] The one or more network entities 102 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region to form the wireless communications system 100. One or more of the network entities 102 described herein may be or include or may be referred to as a network node, a base station, a network element, a radio access network (RAN) , a base transceiver station, an access point, a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB (gNB) , or other suitable terminology. A network entity 102 and a UE 104 may communicate via a communication link 110, which may be a wireless or wired connection. For example, a network entity 102 and a UE 104 may perform wireless communication (e.g., receive signaling, transmit signaling) over a Uu interface.
[0052] A network entity 102 may provide a geographic coverage area 112 for which the network entity 102 may support services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc. ) for one or more UEs 104 within the geographic coverage area 112. For example, a network entity 102 and a UE 104 may support wireless communication of signals related to services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc. ) according to one or multiple radio access technologies. In some implementations, a network entity 102 may be moveable, for example, a satellite associated with a non-terrestrial network. In some implementations, different geographic coverage areas 112 associated with the same or different radio access technologies may overlap, but the different geographic coverage areas 112 may be associated with different network entities 102. Information and signals described herein may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.
[0053] The one or more UEs 104 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region of the wireless communications system 100. A UE 104 may include or may be referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a remote unit, a handheld device, or a subscriber device, or some other suitable terminology. In some implementations, the UE 104 may be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, among other examples. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE 104 may be referred to as an Internet-of-Things (IoT) device, an Internet-of-Everything (IoE) device, or machine-type communication (MTC) device, among other examples. In some implementations, a UE 104 may be stationary in the wireless communications system 100. In some other implementations, a UE 104 may be mobile in the wireless communications system 100.
[0054] The one or more UEs 104 may be devices in different forms or having different capabilities. Some examples of UEs 104 are illustrated in FIG. 1A. A UE 104 may be capable of communicating with various types of devices, such as the network entities 102, other UEs 104, or network equipment (e.g., the core network 106, the packet data network 108, a relay device, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, or another network equipment) , as shown in FIG. 1A. Additionally, or alternatively, a UE 104 may support communication with other network entities 102 or UEs 104, which may act as relays in the wireless communications system 100.
[0055] A UE 104 may also be able to support wireless communication directly with other UEs 104 over a communication link 114. For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a device-to-device (D2D) communication link. In some implementations, such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) deployments, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) deployments, or cellular-V2X deployments, the communication link 114 may be referred to as a sidelink. For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a PC5 interface.
[0056] A network entity 102 may support communications with the core network 106, or with another network entity 102, or both. For example, a network entity 102 may interface with the core network 106 through one or more backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an S1, N2, N2, or another network interface) . The network entities 102 may communicate with each other over the backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an X2, Xn, or another network interface) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 may communicate with each other directly (e.g., between the network entities 102) . In some other implementations, the network entities 102 may communicate with each other or indirectly (e.g., via the core network 106) . In some implementations, one or more network entities 102 may include subcomponents, such as an access network entity, which may be an example of an access node controller (ANC) . An ANC may communicate with the one or more UEs 104 through one or more other access network transmission entities, which may be referred to as a radio heads, smart radio heads, or transmission-reception points (TRPs) .
[0057] In some implementations, a network entity 102 may be configured in a disaggregated architecture, which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack physically or logically distributed among two or more network entities 102, such as an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open RAN (O-RAN) (e.g., a network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance) , or a virtualized RAN (vRAN) (e.g., a cloud RAN (C-RAN) ) . For example, a network entity 102 may include one or more of a central unit (CU) , a distributed unit (DU) , a radio unit (RU) , a RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) (e.g., a Near-Real Time RIC (Near-RT RIC) , a Non-Real Time RIC (Non-RT RIC) ) , a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) system, or any combination thereof.
[0058] An RU may also be referred to as a radio head, a smart radio head, a remote radio head (RRH) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , or a transmission reception point (TRP) . One or more components of the network entities 102 in a disaggregated RAN architecture may be co-located, or one or more components of the network entities 102 may be located in distributed locations (e.g., separate physical locations) . In some implementations, one or more network entities 102 of a disaggregated RAN architecture may be implemented as virtual units (e.g., a virtual CU (VCU) , a virtual DU (VDU) , a virtual RU (VRU) ) .
[0059] Split of functionality between a CU, a DU, and an RU may be flexible and may support different functionalities depending upon which functions (e.g., network layer functions, protocol layer functions, baseband functions, radio frequency functions, and any combinations thereof) are performed at a CU, a DU, or an RU. For example, a functional split of a protocol stack may be employed between a CU and a DU such that the CU may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the DU may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. In some implementations, the CU may host upper protocol layer (e.g., a layer 3 (L3) , a layer 2 (L2) ) functionality and signaling (e.g., radio resource control (RRC) , service data adaption protocol (SDAP) , Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) ) . The CU may be connected to one or more DUs or RUs, and the one or more DUs or RUs may host lower protocol layers, such as a layer 1 (L1) (e.g., physical (PHY) layer) or an L2 (e.g., radio link control (RLC) layer, MAC layer) functionality and signaling, and may each be at least partially controlled by the CU.
[0060] Additionally, or alternatively, a functional split of the protocol stack may be employed between a DU and an RU such that the DU may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the RU may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. The DU may support one or multiple different cells (e.g., via one or more RUs) . In some implementations, a functional split between a CU and a DU, or between a DU and an RU may be within a protocol layer (e.g., some functions for a protocol layer may be performed by one of a CU, a DU, or an RU, while other functions of the protocol layer are performed by a different one of the CU, the DU, or the RU) .
[0061] A CU may be functionally split further into CU control plane (CU-CP) and CU user plane (CU-UP) functions. A CU may be connected to one or more DUs via a midhaul communication link (e.g., F1, F1-c, F1-u) , and a DU may be connected to one or more RUs via a fronthaul communication link (e.g., open fronthaul (FH) interface) . In some implementations, a midhaul communication link or a fronthaul communication link may be implemented in accordance with an interface (e.g., a channel) between layers of a protocol stack supported by respective network entities 102 that are in communication via such communication links.
[0062] The core network 106 may support user authentication, access authorization, tracking, connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The core network 106 may be an evolved packet core (EPC) , or a 5G core (5GC) , which may include a control plane entity that manages access and mobility (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME) , an access and mobility management functions (AMF) ) and a user plane entity that routes packets or interconnects to external networks (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW) , a Packet Data Network (PDN) gateway (P-GW) , or a user plane function (UPF) ) . In some implementations, the control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions, such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management (e.g., data bearers, signal bearers, etc. ) for the one or more UEs 104 served by the one or more network entities 102 associated with the core network 106.
[0063] The core network 106 may communicate with the packet data network 108 over one or more backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an S1, N2, N2, or another network interface) . The packet data network 108 may include an application server 118. In some implementations, one or more UEs 104 may communicate with the application server 118. A UE 104 may establish a session (e.g., a protocol data unit (PDU) session, or the like) with the core network 106 via a network entity 102. The core network 106 may route traffic (e.g., control information, data, and the like) between the UE 104 and the application server 118 using the established session (e.g., the established PDU session) . The PDU session may be an example of a logical connection between the UE 104 and the core network 106 (e.g., one or more network functions of the core network 106) .
[0064] In the wireless communications system 100, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may use resources of the wireless communications system 100 (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers) ) to perform various operations (e.g., wireless communications) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support different resource structures. For example, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support different frame structures. In some implementations, such as in 4G, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support a single frame structure. In some other implementations, such as in 5G and among other suitable radio access technologies, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures (i.e., multiple frame structures) . The network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures based on one or more numerologies.
[0065] One or more numerologies may be supported in the wireless communications system 100, and a numerology may include a subcarrier spacing and a cyclic prefix. A first numerology (e.g., μ=0) may be associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. In some implementations, the first numerology (e.g., μ=0) associated with the first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may utilize one slot per subframe. A second numerology (e.g., μ=1) may be associated with a second subcarrier spacing (e.g., 30 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A third numerology (e.g., μ=2) may be associated with a third subcarrier spacing (e.g., 60 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix or an extended cyclic prefix. A fourth numerology (e.g., μ=3) may be associated with a fourth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 120 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A fifth numerology (e.g., μ=4) may be associated with a fifth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 240 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix.
[0066] A time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to frames (also referred to as radio frames) . Each frame may have a duration, for example, a 10 millisecond (ms) duration. In some implementations, each frame may include multiple subframes. For example, each frame may include 10 subframes, and each subframe may have a duration, for example, a 1 ms duration. In some implementations, each frame may have the same duration. In some implementations, each subframe of a frame may have the same duration.
[0067] Additionally or alternatively, a time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to slots. For example, a subframe may include a number (e.g., quantity) of slots. The number of slots in each subframe may also depend on the one or more numerologies supported in the wireless communications system 100. For instance, the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth numerologies (i.e., μ=0, μ=1, μ=2, μ=3, μ=4) associated with respective subcarrier spacings of 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz, 120 kHz, and 240 kHz may utilize a single slot per subframe, two slots per subframe, four slots per subframe, eight slots per subframe, and 16 slots per subframe, respectively. Each slot may include a number (e.g., quantity) of symbols (e.g., OFDM symbols) . In some implementations, the number (e.g., quantity) of slots for a subframe may depend on a numerology. For a normal cyclic prefix, a slot may include 14 symbols. For an extended cyclic prefix (e.g., applicable for 60 kHz subcarrier spacing) , a slot may include 12 symbols. The relationship between the number of symbols per slot, the number of slots per subframe, and the number of slots per frame for a normal cyclic prefix and an extended cyclic prefix may depend on a numerology. It should be understood that reference to a first numerology (e.g., μ=0) associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may be used interchangeably between subframes and slots.
[0068] In the wireless communications system 100, an electromagnetic (EM) spectrum may be split, based on frequency or wavelength, into various classes, frequency bands, frequency channels, etc. By way of example, the wireless communications system 100 may support one or multiple operating frequency bands, such as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz –7.125 GHz) , FR2 (24.25 GHz –52.6 GHz) , FR3 (7.125 GHz –24.25 GHz) , FR4 (52.6 GHz –114.25 GHz) , FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz –71 GHz) , and FR5 (114.25 GHz –300 GHz) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may perform wireless communications over one or more of the operating frequency bands. In some implementations, FR1 may be used by the network entities 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for cellular communications traffic (e.g., control information, data) . In some implementations, FR2 may be used by the network entities 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for short-range, high data rate capabilities.
[0069] FR1 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least three numerologies) . For example, FR1 may be associated with a first numerology (e.g., μ=0) , which includes 15 kHz subcarrier spacing; a second numerology (e.g., μ=1) , which includes 30 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a third numerology (e.g., μ=2) , which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing. FR2 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least 2 numerologies) . For example, FR2 may be associated with a third numerology (e.g., μ=2) , which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a fourth numerology (e.g., μ=3) , which includes 120 kHz subcarrier spacing.
[0070] In release 18 (Rel-18) , the technical report (TR) 38.348 has made the study on A-IoT as follows:
[0071] Moreover, the TR 38.348, for example, at sections 4.2.1.1 and 4.2.1.2, also made the study on Topologies 1 and 2. Reference is made to FIGS. 1B and 1C to give example illustrations of Topologies 1 and 2. Reference is first made to FIG. 1B, which illustrates an example of Topology 1 associated with aspects of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 1B, in Topology 1, an A-IoT device 121 communicates with a BS 122 directly and bi-directionally. The communication between the BS 122 and the A-IoT device 121 includes A-IoT data and / or signalling. This topology includes a possibility of a transmission from the BS 122 to the A-IoT device 121 and a different possibility of a transmission from the A-IoT device 121 to the BS 122.
[0072] FIG. 1C illustrates an example of Topology 2 associated with aspects of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 1C, in Topology 2, an A-IoT device 131 communicates bidirectionally with an intermediate device 132 between the A-IoT device 131 and base station 133. In this topology, the intermediate device 132 may be a relay node, an IAB node, a UE, a repeater, etc., which is capable of A-IoT. The intermediate device 132 transfers A-IoT data and / or signalling between the BS 133 and the A-IoT device 131.
[0073] In release 19 (Rel-19) , a new study item (SID) for A-IoT in NR was approved in RAN#102 meeting. From the RAN2 perspective, the basic procedure for an A-IoT device to enable device-originated –device-terminated triggered (DO-DTT) and device-terminated (DT) data transmission includes, for example, paging, random access, data transmission, etc.
[0074] In the RAN2#125 bis meeting, some agreements on A-IoT random access have been made as follows:
[0075] In the RAN2#125 bis meeting, the baseline procedure for an Ambient-IoT device to support the inventory and command use cases includes:
[0076] - Step A: Based on the service request, the reader sends the Initial Trigger Message indicating device (s) that need to respond; Details FFS
[0077] - Step B: Triggered device (s) performs the random access-like procedure, if needed; Details FFS
[0078] - Step C: The device may perform the data communication with the reader as needed: Details FFS
[0079] For the random access-like procedure in step B, RAN2 also agreed to discuss contention-based and contention-free access procedures and study the solutions and benefits of both 2-step like random access like procedure and 4-step like random access like procedure. The procedures for 4-step like and 2-step like random access like procedures are shown in FIGs 1D and 1E.
[0080] As shown in FIG. 1D, at 140, the core network (CN) 141 transmits a service request to the reader 142. For example, the reader 142 may comprise the BS 122 for Topology 1 as shown in FIG. 1B, or the intermediate device 132 for Topology 2 as shown in FIG. 1C. Then, the reader 142 transmits an initial trigger message (for example, also referred to as an A-IoT paging message) to the device (i.e., A-IoT) 143 at 144. At 145, the reader 142 transmits Msg0, i.e., a trigger message, to the device 143. Alternatively or additionally, Msg0 may be merged in the initial trigger message. At 146, the device 143 transmits Msg1, i.e., an identifier (ID) to the reader 142. At 147, the reader 142 transmits Msg2, i.e., the confirmation, to the device 143. At 148, the device 143 transmits Msg3, i.e., a device ID, to the reader 142. At 149, the reader 142 transmits the device ID to the CN 141. At 150, the CN 141 transmits the confirmation to the reader 142. At 151, the reader 142 transmits Msg4, i.e., the confirmation, to the device 143.
[0081] As shown in FIG. 1E, at 160, the CN 161 transmits a service request to the reader 162. For example, the reader 162 may comprise the BS 122 for Topology 1 as shown in FIG. 1B, or the intermediate device 132 for Topology 2 as shown in FIG. 1C. Then, the reader 162 transmits an initial trigger message (for example, also referred to as an A-IoT paging message) to the device (i.e., A-IoT) 163 at 164. At 165, the reader 162 transmits Msg0, i.e., a trigger message, to the device 163. Alternatively or additionally, Msg0 may be merged in the initial trigger message. At 166, the device 163 transmits Msg1 (also referred to As MsgA) , i.e., an ID with the data to the reader 162. At 167, the reader 162 transmits the device ID to the CN 161. At 168, the CN 161 transmits the confirmation to the reader 162. At 169, the reader 162 transmits Msg2 (also referred to as MsgB) , i.e., the confirmation, to the device 163.
[0082] The connection density of the A-IoT network may be high compared to legacy NR deployment, since 20-150 devices are deployed per 100 m2 area and some of them may try to transmit data at the same time. This means multiple devices may simultaneously access the same radio resources on uplink, which would bring frequent collisions among devices. In addition, there may also be random access failure due to the unsuitable random access parameter setting, e.g., random access occasion, random access round, Q-like value, etc. Therefore, there is a need to provide an improved solution for the random access procedure in the A-IoT system, especially, considering an improved approach for failure detection and the handling upon detecting the failure.
[0083] Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a solution for random access in an A-IoT system. In one aspect of the solution of the present disclosure, a first device (for example, an A-IoT device) determines an occurrence of a failure, and then performs an operation associated with initiating access to a second device (for example, a reader) based on the determination of the occurrence of the failure. In addition, the second device determines an occurrence of a failure at one or more first devices, and then performs an operation associated with access of the one or more first devices to the second device based on the determination of the occurrence of the failure.
[0084] By allowing performing an operation based on the determination of the occurrence of the failure, this solution can facilitate random access in the A-IoT system. In this way, it is possible to improve the flexibility and efficiency of the random access in the A-IoT system, and thus improve the A-IoT system performance efficiently.
[0085] FIG. 2 illustrates an example process flow 200 in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the processes 200 will be described with reference to FIGS. 1B and 1C. The process 200 may involve an A-IoT device 201 and a communication device 202 (also referred to as a reader 202) . The A-IoT device 201 may be referred to as the first device 201, and the communication device 202 may be referred to as the second device 202. For example, the A-IoT device 201 may comprise the A-IoT device121 as shown in FIG. 1B, or the A-IoT device 131 as shown in FIG. 1C. For example, the communication device 202 may comprise the BS 122 as shown in FIG. 1B, or the intermediate node 132 as shown in FIG. 1C. It is to be understood that the steps and the order of the steps in FIG. 2 are merely for illustration, and not for limitation. It is to be understood that the process 200 may further include additional blocks not shown and / or omit some shown blocks, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this regard.
[0086] As shown in FIG. 2, the A-IoT device 201 determines (205) an occurrence of a failure. For example, the failure may comprise a contention resolution failure. As another example, the failure may comprise a random access failure. The random access procedure where the contention resolution failure or the random access failure occurs may be triggered by an access trigger message transmitted (207) to the A-IoT device 201 by the communication device 202. The access trigger message may comprise the above Msg0 or initial trigger message (also referred as A-IoT paging message) in the 4-step like and 2-step like random access like procedures. Depending on the failure type, the failure occurrence may be determined in a variety of approaches, which will be discussed with respect to the contention resolution failure and the random access failure respectively as below.
[0087] In the embodiments where the failure comprises the contention resolution failure, the A-IoT device 201 may determine that the contention resolution failure occurs, if an ID comprised in an acknowledgment (ACK) message received from the communication device 202 is not the same as an ID comprised in an access message transmitted to the communication device 202. In other words, the A-IoT device 201 may determine that the contention resolution failure occurs, if it receives an ID in an ACK message from the communication device 202, which is different from an ID in an access message transmitted by the communication device 202. The ACK message may be a response to the access message. In some implementations, the access message may comprise Msg1 and the ACK message may comprise Msg2. In some other implementations, the access message may comprise MsgA and the ACK message may comprise MsgB. The ID may comprise an ID for contention resolution. For example, the ID may comprise a random number (RN) , such as RN 16 in a radio frequency identification (RFID) system. As another example, the ID may comprise an ID of the A-IoT device 201.
[0088] In the embodiments where the failure comprises the contention resolution failure, the A-IoT device 201 may determine that the contention resolution failure occurs, if the A-IoT device 201 fails to receive, from the communication device 202, an ACK message comprising an ID which is the same as the ID comprised in an access message transmitted to the communication device 202, and the A-IoT device 201 receives target information (in other words, specific information or specific message) from the communication device 202. That is to say, the A-IoT device 201 may determine that the contention resolution failure occurs, if it fails to receive an ID in an ACK message from the communication device 202, which is the same as an ID in an access message transmitted by the communication device 202, and the A-IoT device 201 has received target information from the communication device 202. In other words, the occurrence of the contention resolution failure may be determined, if the A-IoT device 201 does not receive the ACK message targeted to the A-IoT device 201 and the A-IoT device 201 receives the target information. In the examples where the access message is associated with (or in other words, triggered by) a first access trigger message received from the communication device 202, the target information may comprise a second access trigger message different from the first access trigger message. The second access trigger message may comprise a specific (for example, the next) access trigger message, such as the access trigger message for a specific (for example, the next) access occasion, or the access trigger message for a specific (for example, the next) access round. As an example implementation, the target information may comprise a NACK message associated with access of the A-IoT device 201 to the communication device 202. For example, the NACK message may comprise a NACK message for a specific access occasion / access round / inventory period. As another example implementation, the target information may comprise an end indication associated with access of the A-IoT device 201 to the communication device 202. For example, the end indication may comprise an end indication for a specific access occasion / access round / inventory period. The related implementation details related to the access message, the ACK message, and the ID may be similar to those described above. For the purpose of simplification, the details will be omitted.
[0089] In the embodiments where the failure comprises the contention resolution failure, the A-IoT device 201 may determine that the contention resolution failure occurs, if the A-IoT device 201 fails to receive, from the communication device 202, an ACK message comprising an ID which is the same as the ID comprised in an access message transmitted to the communication device 202 during a time period (or in other words, for a time period, or during / for a time duration) . In other words, the A-IoT device 201 may determine that the contention resolution failure occurs, if it fails to receive, from the communication device 202, an ID in an acknowledgment message during a time period, which is the same as an ID in an access message transmitted by the A-IoT device 201. The time period may be a random access response (RAR) like window. For example, the time period may be determined based on a random access occasion duration, for example, be determined as the random access occasion duration. As an example implementation, the time period may be determined by the A-IoT device 201 itself (for example, after transmitting the access message) , or configured by the communication device 202 (for example, in the access trigger message) . In some example implementations, the occurrence of the contention resolution failure may be determined, if the A-IoT device 201 does not receive the ACK message targeted to the A-IoT device 201 and a timer associated with the above time period expires. The related implementation details related to the access message, the ACK message, and the ID may be similar to those described above. For the purpose of simplification, the details will be omitted.
[0090] In the embodiments where the failure comprises the random access failure, the A-IoT device 201 may determine that the random access failure occurs, if the number of contention resolution failure (s) is larger than (or equal to) a number threshold within a time window. For example, the number threshold may be determined by the A-IoT device 201 itself or configured by the communication device 202 (for example, in the access trigger message) .
[0091] In the embodiments where the failure comprises the random access failure, the A-IoT device 201 may determine that the random access failure occurs, if the A-IoT device 201 fails to access the communication device 202 successfully during a time period after receiving an access trigger message from the communication device 202. The time period may be a random access response (RAR) like window. For example, the time period may be determined based on a random access occasion duration, for example, be determined as the random access occasion duration. As an example implementation, the time period may be determined by the A-IoT device 201 itself (for example, after transmitting the access message) , or configured by the communication device 202 (for example, in the access trigger message) . In some example implementations, the occurrence of the random access failure may be determined, if the A-IoT device 201 fails access to the communication device 202 successfully when a timer associated with the above time period expires, after receiving an access trigger message from the communication device 202.
[0092] In the embodiments where the failure comprises the random access failure, the A-IoT device 201 may determine that the random access failure occurs, if the A-IoT device 201 fails to receive, from the communication device 202, an ACK message during a time period after transmitting an access message to the communication device 202. The time period may be a random access response (RAR) like window. In other words, the occurrence of the random access failure may be determined, if the A-IoT device 201 does not receive the ACK message upon the transmission of the access message during the time period. In some implementations, the access message may comprise Msg1 and the ACK message may comprise Msg2. In some implementations, the access message may comprise Msg3 and the ACK message may comprise Msg4. In some further implementations, the access message may comprise MsgA and the ACK message may comprise MsgB. For example, the time period may be determined based on a random access occasion duration, for example, be determined as the random access occasion duration. As an example implementation, the time period may be determined by the A-IoT device 201 itself (for example, after transmitting the access message) , or configured by the communication device 202 (for example, in the access trigger message) .
[0093] In the embodiments where the failure comprises the random access failure, the A-IoT device 201 may determine that the random access failure occurs, if the A-IoT device 201 fails to access the communication device 202 successfully, and the A-IoT device 201 receives target information (or in other words, specific information) from the communication device 202. In other words, the occurrence of the random access failure may be determined, if the A-IoT device has received the target information but still does not access the communication device 202 successfully. For example, the target information may comprise a NACK message associated with access of the A-IoT device 201 to the communication device 202. For example, the NACK message may comprise a NACK message during a specific access occasion / access round. As another example, the target information may comprise an end indication associated with access of the A-IoT device 201 to the communication device 202. For example, the end indication may comprise an end indication during a specific access occasion / access round, or an inventory end indication for a specific access occasion / access round / inventory period.
[0094] In the embodiments where the failure comprises the random access failure, the A-IoT device 201 may determine that the random access failure occurs, if a contention resolution is not successful, and energy storage at the A-IoT device 201 is lower than an energy threshold. For example, the energy threshold may be determined by the A-IoT device 201 itself or configured by the communication device 202 (for example, in the access trigger message) .
[0095] After determining the failure (for example, contention resolution failure, or random access failure) occurs as discussed above, as shown in FIG. 2, the A-IoT device 201 performs (210) an operation associated with initiating access to the communication device 202 based on the determination of the occurrence of the failure. The operation to be performed may comprise a variety of behaviors, as discussed respectively below.
[0096] In some embodiments, the A-IoT device 201 may retransmit target information with a repetition number larger than (or equal to) a repetition threshold (i.e., a larger repetition number) based on a resource scheduled for the retransmission (also referred to as a scheduled D2R (A-IoT device to reader) transmission resource) . For example, the A-IoT device 201 may retransmit the target information with a larger repetition number in the current access occasion. The target information may comprise an ID for contention resolution. For example, the target information may comprise an ID associated with the A-IoT device 201, such as a random number, or an ID of the A-IoT device 201. As another example, the target information may comprise an access message, such as msg1 / 3 / A.
[0097] In the embodiments where an access message transmitted to the communication device 202 is associated with a first access trigger message received from the communication device 202 on a first random access occasion, the A-IoT device 201 may initiate a new random access procedure or re-accessing the communication device 202 upon receiving a second access trigger message for a second random access occasion from the communication device 202. For example, the A-IoT device 201 may initiate a new random access attempt like procedure or re-accessing the communication device 202 upon receiving a specific (for example, next) access occasion indication (i.e., an access trigger message for a specific (for example, next) access occasion) from the communication device 202.
[0098] In some embodiments, the A-IoT device 201 may initiate a new random access procedure or re-accessing the communication device 202 after a backoff time period. For example, the A-IoT device 201 may initiate a new random access attempt like procedure or re-accessing the communication device 202 after a backoff timer associated with the backoff time period expires. For example, the backoff time period may be determined by the A-IoT device 201. As an example, the backoff time period may be a specific time period. As another example, backoff time period may comprise a plurality of random access occasions, such as a specific random number of access occasions.
[0099] In some embodiments, the A-IoT device 201 may transmit, to the communication device 202, a re-generated ID (such as an ID for contention resolution, RN16, or device ID, etc. ) upon receiving an indication of an updated parameter used for determining a time-domain resource for access of the A-IoT device 201 to the communication device 202. For example, the A-IoT device 201 may re-generate and transmit the ID (e.g., ID for contention resolution, RN16, or device ID, etc. ) to the communication device 202 upon receiving the indication of the updated parameter in an access round, if the device determines to re-access in the same access round. For example, the parameter may comprise a Q-like value, and the above indication of the updated parameter may comprise a Q-like value adjust message, such as a QuaryRep-like or QuaryAdjust-like command.
[0100] In the embodiments where an access message transmitted to the communication device 202 is associated with a first access trigger message received from the communication device 202 in a first round, the A-IoT device 201 may transmit, to the communication device 202, a re-generated ID upon receiving a second access trigger message for a second round from the communication device 202. For example, the A-IoT device 201 may transmit the re-generated ID (e.g., ID for contention resolution, RN16, or device ID, etc. ) upon receiving a specific (for example, next) access round indication (i.e., an access trigger message for a specific (for example, next) access round) from the communication device 202.
[0101] FIG. 3 illustrates an example process flow 300 in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the processes 300 will be described with reference to FIGS. 1B and 1C. The process 300 may involve one or more A-IoT devices 301-1, 301-2, …, 301-N (where N represents any suitable positive integer) , and a communication device 302 (also referred to as a reader 302) . An A-IoT device of the one or more A-IoT devices 301-1, 301-2, …, 301-N may be referred to as a first device, and the communication device 302 may be referred to as the second device 302. For example, an A-IoT device of the one or more A-IoT devices 301-1, 301-2, …, 301-N may comprise the A-IoT device121 as shown in FIG. 1B, or the A-IoT device 131 as shown in FIG. 1C. For example, the communication device 302 may comprise the BS 122 as shown in FIG. 1B, or the intermediate node 132 as shown in FIG. 1C. It is to be understood that the steps and the order of the steps in FIG. 3 are merely for illustration, and not for limitation. It is to be understood that the process 300 may further include additional blocks not shown and / or omit some shown blocks, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this regard.
[0102] As shown in FIG. 3, the communication device 302 determines (305) an occurrence of a failure at the one or more A-IoT devices 301-1, 301-2, …, 301-N. For example, the failure may comprise a contention resolution failure. As another example, the failure may comprise a random access failure. For example, the random access procedure (s) of the one or more A-IoT devices 301-1, 301-2, …, 301-N where the contention resolution failure or the random access failure occurs may be triggered by an access trigger message transmitted (307) to the one or more A-IoT devices 301-1, 301-2, …, 301-N by the communication device 302. The access trigger message may comprise the above Msg0 or initial trigger message (also referred as A-IoT paging message) in the 4-step like and 2-step like random access like procedures.
[0103] The communication device 302 may determine the failure occurrence at the one or more A-IoT devices 301-1, 301-2, …, 301-N in multiple ways. For example, the communication device 302 may determine the failure occurrence at an A-IoT device if it transmits, to the A-IoT device, a NACK associated with access of the A-IoT device to the communication device 302. For example, the NACK message may comprise a NACK message for a specific access occasion / access round / inventory period. As another example, the communication device 302 may determine the failure occurrence at an A-IoT device if it transmits, to the A-IoT device, an end indication associated with access of the A-IoT device to the communication device 302. For example, the end indication may comprise an end indication for a specific access occasion / access round / inventory period.
[0104] After determining that the failure occurs at the one or more A-IoT devices 301-1, 301-2, …, 301-N, as shown in FIG. 3, the communication device 302 performs (310) an operation associated with access of the one or more A-IoT devices 301-1, 301-2, …, 301-N to the communication device 302 based on the determination of the occurrence of the failure. The operation to be performed may comprise a variety of behaviors, as discussed respectively below.
[0105] In some embodiments, the communication device 302 may receive no access message (for example, msg1 / msg3 / msgA) from the one or more A-IoT devices 301-1, 301-2, …, 301-N during a time period. In other words, the communication device 302 may not receive any message from the one or more A-IoT devices 301-1, 301-2, …, 301-N during a specific time period. In this case, the communication device 302 may transmit, to the one or more A-IoT devices 301-1, 301-2, …, 301-N, a new access trigger message. Alternatively or additionally, the communication device 302 may transmit, to the one or more A-IoT devices 301-1, 301-2, …, 301-N, an indication to trigger a retransmission of target information with a repetition number larger than (or equal to) a repetition threshold based on a resource scheduled for the retransmission. The communication device 302 may trigger the one or more A-IoT devices 301-1, 301-2, …, 301-N to retransmit the target information with a larger repetition number in the indicated D2R transmission resource, with scheduling corresponding resources for retransmission. The target information may comprise an ID (for example, an ID for contention resolution, such as a random number or device ID) , or an access message, such as Msg1 / 3 / A.
[0106] In some embodiments, the communication device 302 may receive one or more access messages from the one or more A-IoT devices 301-1, 301-2, …, 301-N, but fails to decode any of the one or more access messages. In this case, the communication device 302 may transmit, to the one or more A-IoT devices 301-1, 301-2, …, 301-N, one of the following: a NACK message (such as a NACK message for a specific access occasion / access round / inventory period) , an end indication (such as an end indication for a specific access occasion / access round / inventory period) , or a failure indication. Alternatively or additionally, the communication device 302 may transmit, to the one or more A-IoT devices 301-1, 301-2, …, 301-N, an indication to trigger a retransmission of target information with a repetition number larger than (or equal to) a repetition threshold based on a resource scheduled for the retransmission, for example, the scheduled D2R transmission resource. The target information may comprise an ID (for example, an ID for contention resolution, such as a random number or device ID) or an access message, such as Msg1 / 3 / A.
[0107] In some embodiments, the communication device 302 may receive one or more access messages from the one or more A-IoT devices 301-1, 301-2, …, 301-N, but may only decode one of them. In this case, the communication device 302 may transmit an ACK message to the decoded A-IoT device.
[0108] In some embodiments, the communication device 302 may receive one or more access messages from the one or more A-IoT devices 301-1, 301-2, …, 301-N, and decode the one or more access messages. In this case, the communication device 302 may transmit an ACK message to an A-IoT device selected (for example, randomly selected) from the one or more A-IoT devices 301-1, 301-2, …, 301-N. Alternatively or additionally, the communication device 302 may transmit an ACK message to the one or more A-IoT devices 301-1, 301-2, …, 301-N, and the ACK message may comprise one or more IDs associated with the one or more A-IoT devices 301-1, 301-2, …, 301-N. Alternatively or additionally, the communication device 302 may transmit one or more ACK messages to the one or more A-IoT devices 301-1, 301-2, …, 301-N respectively, where a respective one of the one or more ACK messages may comprise a respective ID associated with a respective one of the one or more A-IoT devices 301-1, 301-2, …, 301-N. For example, if multiple ACK messages are transmitted to multiple A-IoT devices separately, different ACK messages may include different A-IoT device IDs. The ID may comprise an ID for contention resolution, a random number or a device ID.
[0109] In some embodiments, the communication device 302 may transmit, to the one or more A-IoT devices 301-1, 301-2, …, 301-N, an indication of an updated parameter used for determining a time-domain resource for access to the communication device. For example, the parameter may comprise a Q-like value, and the indication of the updated parameter may comprise a Q-like value adjust message, such as a QuaryRep-like or QuaryAdjust-like command.
[0110] In some embodiments, the communication device 302 may transmit, to the one or more A-IoT devices 301-1, 301-2, …, 301-N, an energy carrier wave with a power higher than a first power threshold, or with a time duration longer than a time threshold (in other words, with more power or with longer time) .
[0111] In some embodiments, the communication device 302 may transmit a command to an energy source for an energy carrier wave transmission with a power higher than a second power threshold (in other words, for more powerful energy carrier wave transmission) or for an energy carrier wave transmission with a time duration longer than a time threshold (in other words, for an energy carrier wave transmission with longer time) .
[0112] It is to be understood that the detailed description of some embodiments regarding the A-IoT device 201 and the communication device 202 above with respect to FIG. 2 may also apply to the one or more A-IoT devices 301-1, 301-2, …, 301-N, and the communication device 302. For simplicity, it will not be repeated here. In other words, similar steps or features discussed with reference to FIG. 2 can be equally or similarly applicable to some embodiments in FIG. 3.
[0113] According to some embodiments with reference to FIGs. 2 and 3, it is allowed to facilitate random access in the A-IoT system. In this way, it is possible to improve the flexibility and efficiency of the random access in the A-IoT system, and thus improve the A-IoT system performance efficiently.
[0114] FIG. 4 illustrates an example of a device 400 that supports random access in an A-IoT system in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The device 400 may be an example of the A-IoT devices 201, and 301-1, 301-2, …, 301-N, or the communication devices 202 and 302 as described herein. The device 400 may support wireless communication with one or more devices in the A-IoT system. The device 400 may include components for bi-directional communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, such as a processor 402, a memory 404, a transceiver 406, and, optionally, an I / O controller 408. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .
[0115] The processor 402, the memory 404, the transceiver 406, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of the present disclosure as described herein. For example, the processor 402, the memory 404, the transceiver 406, or various combinations or components thereof may support a method for performing one or more of the operations described herein.
[0116] In some implementations, the processor 402, the memory 404, the transceiver 406, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communications management circuitry) . The hardware may include a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure. In some implementations, the processor 402 and the memory 404 coupled with the processor 402 may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., executing, by the processor 402, instructions stored in the memory 404) .
[0117] For example, the processor 402 may support wireless communication at the device 400 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 402 may be configured to operable to support a means for determining an occurrence of a failure; and a means for performing an operation associated with initiating access to a second device based on the determination of the occurrence of the failure. The processor 402 may be configured to operable to support a means for determining an occurrence of a failure at one or more first devices; and a means for performing an operation associated with access of the one or more first devices to the second device based on the determination of the occurrence of the failure.
[0118] The processor 402 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof) . In some implementations, the processor 402 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other implementations, a memory controller may be integrated into the processor 402. The processor 402 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., the memory 404) to cause the device 400 to perform various functions of the present disclosure.
[0119] The memory 404 may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM) . The memory 404 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 402 cause the device 400 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some implementations, the code may not be directly executable by the processor 402 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein. In some implementations, the memory 404 may include, among other things, a basic I / O system (BIOS) which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices.
[0120] The I / O controller 408 may manage input and output signals for the device 400. The I / O controller 408 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the device M02. In some implementations, the I / O controller 408 may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral. In some implementations, the I / O controller 408 may utilize an operating system such as or another known operating system. In some implementations, the I / O controller 408 may be implemented as part of a processor, such as the processor 402. In some implementations, a user may interact with the device 400 via the I / O controller 408 or via hardware components controlled by the I / O controller 408.
[0121] In some implementations, the device 400 may include a single antenna 410. However, in some other implementations, the device 400 may have more than one antenna 410 (i.e., multiple antennas) , including multiple antenna panels or antenna arrays, which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. The transceiver 406 may communicate bi-directionally, via the one or more antennas 410, wired, or wireless links as described herein. For example, the transceiver 406 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver 406 may also include a modem to modulate the packets, to provide the modulated packets to one or more antennas 410 for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the one or more antennas 410. The transceiver 406 may include one or more transmit chains, one or more receive chains, or a combination thereof.
[0122] A transmit chain may be configured to generate and transmit signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) . The transmit chain may include at least one modulator for modulating data onto a carrier signal, preparing the signal for transmission over a wireless medium. The at least one modulator may be configured to support one or more techniques such as amplitude modulation (AM) , frequency modulation (FM) , or digital modulation schemes like phase-shift keying (PSK) or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) . The transmit chain may also include at least one power amplifier configured to amplify the modulated signal to an appropriate power level suitable for transmission over the wireless medium. The transmit chain may also include one or more antennas 410 for transmitting the amplified signal into the air or wireless medium.
[0123] A receive chain may be configured to receive signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) over a wireless medium. For example, the receive chain may include one or more antennas 410 for receive the signal over the air or wireless medium. The receive chain may include at least one amplifier (e.g., a low-noise amplifier (LNA) ) configured to amplify the received signal. The receive chain may include at least one demodulator configured to demodulate the receive signal and obtain the transmitted data by reversing the modulation technique applied during transmission of the signal. The receive chain may include at least one decoder for decoding the processing the demodulated signal to receive the transmitted data.
[0124] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a processor 500 that supports random access in an A-IoT system in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The processor 500 may be an example of a processor configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 500 may include a controller 502 configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 500 may optionally include at least one memory 504, such as L1 / L2 / L3 cache. Additionally, or alternatively, the processor 500 may optionally include one or more arithmetic-logic units (ALUs) 506. One or more of these components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .
[0125] The processor 500 may be a processor chipset and include a protocol stack (e.g., a software stack) executed by the processor chipset to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor chipset may include one or more cores, one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 500) or other memory (e.g., random access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , dynamic RAM (DRAM) , synchronous dynamic RAM (SDRAM) , static RAM (SRAM) , ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM) , magnetic RAM (MRAM) , resistive RAM (RRAM) , flash memory, phase change memory (PCM) , and others) .
[0126] The controller 502 may be configured to manage and coordinate various operations (e.g., signaling, receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) of the processor 500 to cause the processor 500 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. For example, the controller 502 may operate as a control unit of the processor 500, generating control signals that manage the operation of various components of the processor 500. These control signals include enabling or disabling functional units, selecting data paths, initiating memory access, and coordinating timing of operations.
[0127] The controller 502 may be configured to fetch (e.g., obtain, retrieve, receive) instructions from the memory 504 and determine subsequent instruction (s) to be executed to cause the processor 500 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The controller 502 may be configured to track memory address of instructions associated with the memory 504. The controller 502 may be configured to decode instructions to determine the operation to be performed and the operands involved. For example, the controller 502 may be configured to interpret the instruction and determine control signals to be output to other components of the processor 500 to cause the processor 500 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. Additionally, or alternatively, the controller 502 may be configured to manage flow of data within the processor 500. The controller 502 may be configured to control transfer of data between registers, arithmetic logic units (ALUs) , and other functional units of the processor 500.
[0128] The memory 504 may include one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor 500 or other memory, such RAM, ROM, DRAM, SDRAM, SRAM, MRAM, flash memory, etc. In some implementations, the memory 504 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., local to the processor 500) . In some other implementations, the memory 504 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., remote to the processor 500) .
[0129] The memory 504 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 500, cause the processor 500 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. The controller 502 and / or the processor 500 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in the memory 504 to cause the processor 500 to perform various functions. For example, the processor 500 and / or the controller 502 may be coupled with or to the memory 504, and the processor 500, the controller 502, and the memory 504 may be configured to perform various functions described herein. In some examples, the processor 500 may include multiple processors and the memory 504 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions herein.
[0130] The one or more ALUs 506 may be configured to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, the one or more ALUs 506 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., the processor 500) . In some other implementations, the one or more ALUs 506 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 500) . One or more ALUs 506 may perform one or more computations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division on data. For example, one or more ALUs 506 may receive input operands and an operation code, which determines an operation to be executed. One or more ALUs 506 be configured with a variety of logical and arithmetic circuits, including adders, subtractors, shifters, and logic gates, to process and manipulate the data according to the operation. Additionally, or alternatively, the one or more ALUs 506 may support logical operations such as AND, OR, exclusive-OR (XOR) , not-OR (NOR) , and not-AND (NAND) , enabling the one or more ALUs 506 to handle conditional operations, comparisons, and bitwise operations.
[0131] The processor 500 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 500 may be configured to or operable to support a means for determining an occurrence of a failure; and a means for performing an operation associated with initiating access to a second device based on the determination of the occurrence of the failure. The processor 500 may be configured to operable to support a means for determining an occurrence of a failure at one or more first devices; and a means for performing an operation associated with access of the one or more first devices to the second device based on the determination of the occurrence of the failure.
[0132] FIG. 6 illustrates a flowchart of a method 600 that supports random access in an A-IoT system in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 600 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 600 may be performed by a first device, for example, an A-IoT device of A-IoT devices 201, and 301-1, 301-2, …, 301-N as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0133] At 610, the method may include determining an occurrence of a failure. The operations of 610 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 610 may be performed by a first device, for example, an A-IoT device 201 as described with reference to FIG. 2, or an A-IoT device of A-IoT devices 301-1, 301-2, …, 301-N with reference to FIG. 3.
[0134] At 620, the method may include performing an operation associated with initiating access to a second device based on the determination of the occurrence of the failure. The operations of 620 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 620 may be performed by a first device, for example, an A-IoT device 201 as described with reference to FIG. 2, or an A-IoT device of A-IoT devices 301-1, 301-2, …, 301-N with reference to FIG. 3.
[0135] FIG. 7 illustrates a flowchart of a method 700 that supports random access in an A-IoT system in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 700 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 700 may be performed by a second device, for example, a communication device 202 or 302 as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0136] At 710, the method may include determining an occurrence of a failure at one or more first devices. The operations of 710 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 710 may be performed by a second device, for example, a communication device 202 as described with reference to FIG. 2, or a communication device 302 as described with reference to FIG. 3.
[0137] At 720, the method may include performing an operation associated with access of the one or more first devices to the second device based on the determination of the occurrence of the failure. The operations of 720 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 720 may be performed by a second device, for example, a communication device 202 as described with reference to FIG. 2, or a communication device 302 as described with reference to FIG. 3.
[0138] It should be noted that the methods described herein describe possible implementations, and that the operations and the steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and that other implementations are possible. Further, aspects from two or more of the methods may be combined.
[0139] The various illustrative blocks and components described in connection with the disclosure herein may be implemented or performed with a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a CPU, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.
[0140] The functions described herein may be implemented in hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are within the scope of the disclosure and appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, functions described herein may be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or combinations of any of these. Features implementing functions may also be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations.
[0141] Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer. By way of example, non-transitory computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) , flash memory, compact disk (CD) ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium that may be used to carry or store desired program code means in the form of instructions or data structures and that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer, or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor.
[0142] As used herein, including in the claims, an article “a” before an element is unrestricted and understood to refer to “at least one” of those elements or “one or more” of those elements. The terms “a, ” “at least one, ” “one or more, ” and “at least one of one or more” may be interchangeable. As used herein, including in the claims, “or” as used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items prefaced by a phrase such as “at least one of” or “one or more of” or “one or both of” ) indicates an inclusive list such that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C) . Also, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step that is described as “based on condition A” may be based on both a condition A and a condition B without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall be construed in the same manner as the phrase “based at least in part on. Further, as used herein, including in the claims, a “set” may include one or more elements.
[0143] The description herein is provided to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be apparent to a person having ordinary skill in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims
1.A first device comprising:at least one memory; andat least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the first device to:determine an occurrence of a failure; andperform an operation associated with initiating access to a second device based on the determination of the occurrence of the failure.2.The first device of claim 1, wherein the failure comprises one of the following:a contention resolution failure; ora random access failure.3.The first device of claim 2, wherein determining the occurrence of the failure comprises determining the contention resolution failure based on: the first device receiving an identifier in an acknowledgment message from the second device, the identifier being different from an identifier in an access message transmitted by the first device, andwherein the identifier comprises one of the following:a random number;an identifier for contention resolution; oran identifier of the first device.4.The first device of claim 2, wherein determining the occurrence of the failure comprises determining the contention resolution failure based on the first device failing to receive an identifier in an acknowledgment message from the second device, the identifier being the same as an identifier in an access message transmitted by the first device, and the first device having received target information from the second device, andwherein the access message is associated with a first access trigger message received from the second device, and the target information comprises one of the following:a second access trigger message different from the first access trigger message;a non-acknowledgment (NACK) message associated with access of the first device to the second device; oran end indication associated with access of the first device to the second device, andwherein the identifier comprises one of the following:a random number;an identifier for contention resolution; oran identifier of the first device.5.The first device of claim 2, wherein determining the occurrence of the failure comprises determining the contention resolution failure based on: the first device failing to receive, from the second device, an identifier in an acknowledgment message during a time period, the identifier being the same as an identifier in an access message transmitted by the first device, andwherein the time period is one of the following:determined based on a random access occasion duration;determined by the first device; orconfigured by the second device, andwherein the identifier comprises one of the following:a random number;an identifier for contention resolution; oran identifier of the first device.6.The first device of claim 2, wherein determining the occurrence of the failure comprises determining the random access failure based on a number of contention resolution failures being larger than a number threshold within a time window, wherein the number threshold is determined by the first device or configured by the second device.7.The first device of claim 2, wherein determining the occurrence of the failure comprises determining the random access failure based on: the first device failing to access the second device successfully during a time period after receiving an access trigger message from the second device, andwherein the time period is at least one of the following:determined based on a random access occasion duration;determined by the first device; orconfigured by the second device.8.The first device of claim 2, wherein determining the occurrence of the failure comprises determining the random access failure based on: the first device failing to receive, from the second device, an acknowledgment message during a time period after transmitting an access message to the second device, andwherein the time period is at least one of the following:determined based on a random access occasion duration;determined by the first device; orconfigured by the second device.9.The first device of claim 2, wherein determining the occurrence of the failure comprises determining the random access failure based on: the first device failing to access the second device successfully, and the first device having received target information from the second device, andwherein the target information comprises one of the following:a non-acknowledgment (NACK) message associated with access of the first device to the second device; oran end indication associated with access of the first device to the second device.10.The first device of claim 2, wherein determining the occurrence of the failure comprises determining the random access failure based on a contention resolution being not successful, and energy storage at the first device being lower than an energy threshold, wherein the energy threshold is determined by the first device or configured by the second device.11.The first device of claim 1, wherein performing the operation comprises:retransmitting target information with a repetition number larger than a repetition threshold based on a resource scheduled for the retransmission, andwherein the target information comprises one of the following:an identifier associated with the first device;a random number;an identifier for contention resolution; oran access message.12.The first device of claim 1, wherein an access message transmitted to the second device is associated with a first access trigger message received from the second device on a first random access occasion, and performing the operation comprises:initiating a new random access procedure or re-accessing the second device upon receiving a second access trigger message for a second random access occasion from the second device.13.The first device of claim 1, wherein performing the operation comprises:initiating a new random access procedure or re-accessing the second device after a backoff time period, andwherein at least one of the following:the backoff time period is determined by the first device;the backoff time period is a specific time period; orthe backoff time period comprises a plurality of random access occasions.14.The first device of claim 1, wherein performing the operation comprises:transmitting, to the second device, a re-generated identifier upon receiving an indication of an updated parameter, the updated parameter being used for determining a time-domain resource for access of the first device to the second device.15.The first device of claim 1, wherein an access message transmitted to the second device is associated with a first access trigger message received from the second device in a first round, and performing the operation comprises:transmitting, to the second device, a re-generated identifier upon receiving a second access trigger message for a second round from the second device.16.A second device comprising:at least one memory; andat least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the second device to:determine an occurrence of a failure at one or more first devices; andperform an operation associated with access of the one or more first devices to the second device based on the determination of the occurrence of the failure.17.The second device of claim 16, wherein the second device receives no access message from the one or more first devices during a time period, and performing the operation comprises one of the following:transmitting, to the one or more first devices, a new access trigger message; ortransmitting, to the one or more first devices, an indication to trigger a retransmission of target information with a repetition number larger than a repetition threshold based on a resource scheduled for the retransmission, the target information comprises one of an identifier or an access message.18.The second device of claim 16, wherein the second device receives one or more access messages from the one or more first devices, but fails to decode any of the one or more access messages, and performing the operation comprises one of the following:transmitting, to the one or more first devices, one of the following:a non-acknowledgment (NACK) message;an end indication; ora failure indication; ortransmitting, to the one or more first devices, an indication to trigger a retransmission of target information with a repetition number larger than a repetition threshold based on a resource scheduled for the retransmission, the target information comprises one of an identifier or an access message.19.The second device of claim 16, wherein the second device receives one or more access messages from the one or more first devices, and decodes the one or more access messages, and performing the operation comprises one of the following:transmitting an acknowledgment (ACK) message to a first device selected from the one or more first devices;transmitting an ACK message to the one or more first devices, the ACK message comprising one or more identifiers associated with the one or more first devices; ortransmitting one or more ACK messages to the one or more first devices respectively, a respective one of the one or more ACK messages comprising a respective identifier associated with a respective one of the one or more first devices.20.The second device of claim 16, wherein performing the operation comprises one of the following:transmitting, to the one or more first devices, an indication of an updated parameter, the updated parameter being used for determining a time-domain resource for access to the second device;transmitting, to the one or more first devices, an energy carrier wave with a power higher than a first power threshold, or with a time duration longer than a time threshold; ortransmitting a command to an energy source for an energy carrier wave transmission with a power higher than a second power threshold or with a time duration longer than a time threshold.
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