Assembly unit and assembly unit kit for equipping an irrigation system for plants and an irrigation system so equipped

Abstract

The invention relates to an assembly unit (N1, N2,..., N14) for use in an irrigation system for plants. The assembly unit (N1, N2,..., N14) has at least one communication function element for forming part of a communication system of the irrigation system, wherein the communication function element has a sensor and an actuator, wherein the actuator is or can be connected to at least one valve in a fluid branch of the irrigation system, and wherein the actuator is configured for setting the valve. The invention also relates to an assembly unit kit (M, N1, N2,..., N14) for use in an irrigation system for plants. The kit contains a main unit or master (M) having at least one fluid function element for forming part of a fluid system of the irrigation system and having at least one communication function element for forming part of a communication system of the irrigation system. The kit also contains a plurality of assembly units or nodes (N1, N2,..., N14) according to the present invention. The invention also relates to an irrigation system (BA1; BA2; BA3) for irrigating plants spatially distributed in a room area. The irrigation system contains such assembly units (N1, N2,..., N14) or such an assembly unit kit (M, N1, N2,..., N14).

Description

[0001] Construction unit and construction unit kit for equipping an irrigation system for plants as well as an irrigation system equipped in this way

[0002] Technical field of the invention

[0003] The invention relates to a structural unit and a structural unit kit for equipping a plant irrigation system, as well as to an irrigation system equipped with such a system. Such an irrigation system serves to irrigate plants that are spatially distributed within a room, in particular agricultural crops in the ground or on artificial, plant-specifically optimized substrates, or balcony / garden crops.

[0004] State of the art

[0005] Irrigation systems are an integral part of modern agriculture and gardening, ensuring optimal water supply to plants. They have evolved from the simple watering can to sophisticated systems capable of delivering a precisely defined amount of water exactly where the plants need it.

[0006] Traditional agricultural irrigation systems, such as flood or furrow irrigation, are still widely used in many parts of the world. However, they often require high water consumption and often result in uneven water distribution in the soil. Drip irrigation systems, on the other hand, offer a more efficient and targeted water supply by delivering water directly to the root zone of plants. Such systems use hoses or pipes equipped with small drippers arranged at regular intervals.

[0007] For smaller scales, such as balcony or garden cultivation, there are many commercially available systems, ranging from simple hose systems to automated drip systems with sensors. These sensors can measure the moisture content of the soil or substrate and control irrigation accordingly.

[0008] Some challenges presented by existing systems include:

[0009] - Uneven water distribution, which can lead to areas of over- or under-watering.

[0010] - High water consumption due to inefficient systems. - The need for constant monitoring and adjustment, especially in systems without automatic sensors.

[0011] - The risk of blockages or other mechanical failures in the systems.

[0012] The construction of conventional irrigation systems is complex and also requires the construction of water supply infrastructure (pipes, hoses) on the one hand and electrical infrastructure (power cables) for energy transmission to valves, etc. and for data transmission for their control on the other.

[0013] Given these challenges, there is a need for improved irrigation systems and technologies that ensure an efficient, consistent, and reliable water supply to plants, whether grown in soil or on artificial substrates. The present invention aims to address these challenges and provide solutions.

[0014] It is therefore an object of the invention to enable plants to be watered effectively and efficiently according to their needs.

[0015] Summary of the invention

[0016] For this purpose, the invention provides a structural unit for use in an irrigation system for plants, the structural unit comprising: at least one communication functional element for forming part of a communication system of the irrigation system, the communication functional element comprising a sensor and an actuator, characterized in that the actuator is connected or connectable to at least one valve in a fluid branch of the irrigation system, the actuator being configured for adjusting the valve.

[0017] The use of such modules in an irrigation system makes it possible to construct both the fluid system (water supply system) and the communication system (control system) of an irrigation system in a modular manner. The invention effectively solves various problems, with particular emphasis on the problem of demand-based irrigation and the problem of a lack of infrastructure.

[0018] The invention also makes it possible to create an almost “infinite” adaptive irrigation system independent of existing infrastructure.

[0019] The communication functional element contains at least one sensor and one actuator. The sensor enables the detection of environmental conditions, such as soil moisture, temperature, water pressure, VOCs, etc. The actuator enables the irrigation system to be adjusted as needed, particularly the valve.

[0020] Multiple sensors can be provided. Such a sensor can be a flow sensor or pressure switch that detects the water flow or pressure at specific points in an irrigation system. Preferably, such a flow sensor or pressure switch is located in or on a main water line at the master.

[0021] Multiple actuators can be provided. Such actuators can be used to adjust valve-like functional elements, such as valves for liquids or ventilation flaps. The liquids can be water for watering the plants or nutrient solutions for fertilizing the plants. The valves can be in the water supply from a water pipe and / or a valve in the water supply from a rainwater collection tank and / or a valve in the nutrient solution supply from a nutrient solution storage tank. The ventilation flap can be a window and / or a door of a greenhouse and / or a retractable roof of a greenhouse (anti-convertible greenhouse).

[0022] Preferably, the sensor is a pressure switch or a pressure sensor for measuring the water pressure in the irrigation system in the immediate vicinity of the assembly, particularly in the main line of the irrigation system. This allows the control or adjustment of the valve connected or connectable to the actuator to be carried out depending on the measured pressure.

[0023] Preferably, the pressure switch or pressure sensor is configured such that, when a predetermined and / or adjustable water pressure threshold is exceeded, a microcontroller of the communication function element with at least one data output or actuator connection and at least one data input or sensor connection is activated. In a preferred embodiment, the module comprises a self-holding circuit, in particular a "High Edge Triggered Power Latching Circuit" type circuit. As soon as the module's microcontroller is activated, it takes control of the self-holding circuit and can open the valve when watering is due and close it again when watering is complete.This design offers the advantage that the module only has extremely low power consumption in the range of 1 to 100 nA in "node sleep mode" - i.e. when the microcontroller is inactive and completely without voltage. Since the microcontroller only needs to be active when irrigation is to be carried out with the assigned valve, i.e. when the assigned valve changes state from open to closed or vice versa, the module has low power consumption over time. It is important to note that the module can be put into "node sleep mode" during irrigation and only consumes 1-100 nA of current. In a second variant, the microcontroller remains active during irrigation with the assigned valve, but is put into deep sleep mode in which it consumes 10-30 pA.With this second variant, the microcontroller can automatically close the assigned valve after the scheduled watering time or upon receiving a signal from the master. With the first variant, the microcontroller must first be activated by a renewed pressure buildup in the main line and triggering the pressure switch or pressure sensor in order to close the assigned valve. The advantage of the first variant is that the power consumption during watering is only 1-100 nA. The advantage of the second variant is that watering can be stopped at any time by a signal from the master and without a renewed pressure buildup.

[0024] The communication functional element contains a microcontroller with at least one data output or actuator connection and at least one data input or sensor connection. This enables a decentralized structure of the communication system or control system of the irrigation system. Preferably, the data output or actuator connection contains a particularly wireless actuator data transmission element, and the data input or sensor connection contains a particularly wireless sensor data transmission element. The actuator data transmission element and the sensor data transmission element can contain a transmitting antenna or a receiving antenna. The use of such transmission elements in an irrigation system makes it possible to construct a wireless communication system that extends over at least part of the irrigation system.

[0025] The assembly preferably comprises at least one fluid functional element for forming part of a fluid system of the irrigation system, wherein the fluid functional element comprises a first fluid branch and, in the fluid branch, a valve (NV1, NV2, ....) connected to the actuator. The fluid branch enables a design of the irrigation system adapted to the spatial distribution of the plants to be irrigated. The valve enables operation of the irrigation system adapted to the respective weather conditions and, if necessary, to different plant varieties.

[0026] Preferably, the fluid functional element comprises a second fluid branch, wherein the second fluid branch is connected in parallel to the first fluid branch, and wherein the second fluid branch comprises a generator for generating electrical energy, in particular a turboelectric generator (MT), for operating electrical elements, in particular actuators, sensors, radio transmitters, radio receivers, etc., and wherein the structural unit preferably comprises a battery with a charging circuit for storing electrical energy.

[0027] Preferably, the turboelectric generator contains a micro-turbine capable of driving an electric generator operating on the induction principle. Preferably, the water flow through the micro-turbine can be controlled by activating the valve of the unit.

[0028] The turboelectric generator is connected in parallel with the valve, so that the water flow through the turboelectric generator and the water flow through the valve are parallel to each other. This creates a parallel connection of a water line or bypass with a secondary valve and a water line with the micro-turbine. By adjusting the secondary valve between fully open and fully closed, the water flow for driving the micro-turbine can be adjusted between minimum and maximum.

[0029] The invention also provides a kit of modules for use in a plant irrigation system, the kit comprising: a master unit with at least one fluid functional element for forming part of a fluid system of the irrigation system and with at least one communication functional element for forming part of a communication system of the irrigation system; and a plurality of modules or nodes according to the present invention.

[0030] This allows an entire irrigation system to be advantageously assembled from a master, several nodes and parts of the water-conducting means, in particular pipes and / or hoses, in order to provide both the system's fluid system and the system's communication system.

[0031] Preferably, the master and the nodes contain parts of a wireless communication system and can communicate with each other using a wireless communication protocol.

[0032] The master preferably contains a main microcontroller (MCU). Preferably, the flow sensor of the module(s) is connected to a main microcontroller of the master. Preferably, a main water valve is connected to the main microcontroller of the master. Preferably, the main microcontroller is programmed such that the opening degree of the main water valve can be adjusted depending on the water flow in the main water line. In particular, this can also include automatic closing of the main water valve in the event of a special event, e.g., if a leak, a pipe break, or a blockage occurs in the irrigation system.

[0033] Preferably, the master contains a LoRa gateway.

[0034] According to a particularly preferred embodiment, the master contains a first main microcontroller (MCU1) and a second main microcontroller (MCU2), which are preferably connected to one another.

[0035] The connection can enable energy transmission and / or data transmission. The connection can comprise a cable connection, in particular for energy transmission, and / or a wireless connection, in particular for data transmission.

[0036] Preferably, the first main microcontroller (MCU1) and the second main microcontroller (MCU2) of the master are connected to each other via a wired interface (TX RX) for data transmission.

[0037] Preferably, the first main microcontroller (MCU1) is connected wirelessly, in particular via a wireless local area network (WLAN), to the Internet (server, cloud) or the first main microcontroller (MCU1) can connect wirelessly, in particular via a wireless local area network (WLAN), to the Internet (server, cloud).

[0038] Preferably, the second main microcontroller (MCU2) is connected to a wireless mesh network having a plurality of slave microcontrollers that can communicate with each other (peer-to-peer), or the second main microcontroller (MCU2) can connect to a wireless mesh network having a plurality of slave microcontrollers that can communicate with each other (peer-to-peer).

[0039] Preferably, a first assembly unit kit or a first irrigation system of a first user and a second assembly unit kit or a second irrigation system of a second user can communicate with each other.

[0040] Preferably, this communication takes place in that a first main microcontroller (MCU1) of a first module kit or a first irrigation system of a first user communicates via the Internet with a first main microcontroller (MCU1) of a second module kit or a second irrigation system of a second user.

[0041] The respective master or the respective first main microcontroller of the two component kits therefore do not communicate directly with each other, but via the Internet.

[0042] Preferably, at least some of the nodes each contain a secondary microcontroller.

[0043] Preferably, the master contains an Internet gateway.

[0044] The master can be arranged in a particularly wireless local area network (LAN or WLAN), whereby the master can communicate with a mobile APP or mobile web application and a user of the mobile APP can interact with the irrigation system.

[0045] Preferably, at least some of the slave microcontrollers can communicate with each other via a first wireless communication protocol and / or at least some of the slave microcontrollers can communicate with the master microcontroller via a second wireless communication protocol. This allows the creation of a wireless mesh network with a peer-to-peer range that is greater than the range of the local area network (LAN) and is preferably in the range of 0.1 km to 1 km.

[0046] Preferably, the main microcontroller of the master of a first kit can communicate directly with the main microcontroller of the master of another kit via a third wireless communication protocol. This allows a wireless connection to be established with a range from main microcontroller to main microcontroller that is greater than the range of the mesh network and is preferably in the range of 1 km to 10 km.

[0047] Preferably, the main microcontroller or master and / or the secondary microcontrollers or nodes can interact with a server, a database, a cloud, or a mobile app or web application via the Internet gateway.

[0048] Preferably, the master or the main microcontroller of the master can, on the one hand, connect to a wireless local area network (WLAN), in particular a WLAN of the user, and can, on the other hand, connect to the wireless mesh network.

[0049] According to the particularly preferred embodiment with the two main microcontrollers, the first main microcontroller can connect to the wireless local area network (WLAN) and the second main microcontroller can connect to the wireless mesh network.

[0050] According to another particularly preferred embodiment, a master or its main microcontroller can communicate with a server via an internet gateway. The internet gateway can be located in a wireless local area network (WLAN), preferably the user's WLAN.

[0051] Preferably, the communication between the master or its main microcontroller and the server can be enabled or blocked using the APP or web application.

[0052] Typically, each user has the app or web application and at least one master for each irrigation system and its respective wireless mesh network. Each user can optionally enable or disable communication between their at least one master and the server. The masters with enabled communication to the server thus form a master network. Within this network, the masters with enabled communication can communicate with the server via their respective internet gateways, and thus with the other masters in the master network.

[0053] Preferably, the app or web application is designed to display all masters of the master network on a single display. The display is preferably in the form of a list and / or a map of the masters.

[0054] Preferably, a respective app assigned to a respective master can be used to select which other masters in the master network a respective master should communicate with. This selection can be made directly in the list view of the masters and / or indirectly by selecting one or more sub-areas in the app's map. The sub-area can be a circle with a selectable radius and the respective master as the circle's center.

[0055] By utilizing the Internet infrastructure, a connection from main microcontroller to main microcontroller can be established in a simpler way and also with a greater range than the wireless connection between two main microcontrollers mentioned above.

[0056] This allows a radio connection to be established with a range from main microcontroller to main microcontroller that is greater than the range of the mesh network and is preferably in the range of 1 km to 10 km.

[0057] The invention also provides an irrigation system for irrigating plants which are spatially distributed in a room area, wherein the irrigation system comprises at least one of the structural units described above or a structural unit kit described above.

[0058] The invention particularly provides a system for irrigating plants that are spatially distributed within a room, wherein the system comprises a water-guiding means that can be arranged extending at least in part of the room and along which water can be guided to irrigate at least some of the spatially distributed plants; wherein the water-guiding means comprises a water connection with which it can be connected to a water supply, and a plurality of distributed water dispensers, at each of which water can be dispensed from the water-guiding means to the plants; wherein the system comprises at least one valve means for adjusting a water flow in the water-guiding means connected to the water supply; and wherein the system comprises a system for controlling the at least one valve means.The system for controlling the at least one valve means makes it possible to increase or decrease the water flow in the water supply means as required, so that more or less water is delivered from the distributed water dispensers to the spatially distributed plants.

[0059] The water-guiding means preferably includes a main valve for adjusting the water flow, which is arranged in particular in the water connection or downstream of the water connection. Simply controlling the main valve causes more or less water to be delivered from the distributed water dispensers to the spatially distributed plants.

[0060] Preferably, the water supply means contains a plurality of distributed secondary valves for adjusting the water flow or water flow distribution, which are arranged in particular in or between the water dispensers or at branching points, in particular at T-elements, of the water supply means. These distributed secondary valves enable a "distribution valve function" distributed throughout the entire system.

[0061] Controlling the main valve also ensures that more or less water is released from the distributed water dispensers to the spatially distributed plants.

[0062] Preferably, the system includes at least one detection means for detecting an environmental condition that influences plant growth. This enables control of the main valve and / or the secondary valves adapted to the environmental condition. Control of the main valve can be used for coarse adjustment of the water flow in the water-distribution means, while control of the secondary valves can be used for fine adjustment of the water flow in the water-distribution means.

[0063] The system preferably includes a soil data acquisition device and / or a weather data acquisition device as the acquisition device. This allows the factors influencing plant growth that depend on soil condition and / or weather conditions to be recorded. These factors can be improved by controlling the main valve and / or the secondary valves accordingly.

[0064] Preferably, the system includes a moisture sensor and / or a salt concentration sensor as soil data acquisition means. This enables the detection of soil moisture and / or the concentration of water-soluble salts in the soil. This allows the appropriate amount of water to be supplied to the soil by appropriately controlling the main valve and / or the secondary valves, and / or the appropriate amount of mineral salts to be supplied to the soil by admixing water-soluble salts.

[0065] For this purpose, the master preferably contains additional connections through which fertilizer in the form of water-soluble salts can be added to the water-conducting medium. The fertilizer can be added using an injection pump or a Venturi injection device.

[0066] Preferably, the system includes a rain sensor and / or a rain forecasting device as a weather data acquisition means. This allows plant irrigation to be completely or partially stopped by closing the main valve and / or by closing secondary valves when rain is about to begin and / or when rain is forecast even before the onset of rain.

[0067] Preferably, the control of the at least one valve means can take place as a function of at least one detected environmental condition.

[0068] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the system comprises: a main unit or master, which contains functional elements of the system and the system; and a plurality of secondary units or nodes, each containing functional elements of the system and the system; wherein the master and the nodes are fluidly connected to one another via parts of the water-conducting means. This advantageously allows an entire system to be assembled from a master, several nodes, and parts of the water-conducting means, in particular pipes or hoses, to provide the system's fluid system.

[0069] Conveniently, the master and the nodes each have water channel sections and interfaces running inside them for docking a respective part of the water supply means.

[0070] Conveniently, on the one hand, the master and the nodes have first formations and, on the other hand, the parts of the water-conducting means, in particular the pipes or hoses, have second formations complementary to the first formations.

[0071] Conveniently, the first formations and / or the second formations have sealing means for sealing the interfaces between the master and nodes on the one hand and parts of the water-conducting means on the other hand.

[0072] The master preferably contains: the main microcontroller, each with at least one data output or actuator connection and at least one data input or sensor connection; the main valve; at least one data output or actuator connection; and at least one data input or sensor connection; wherein a data output or actuator connection is connected to a secondary valve via a particularly wireless actuator data transmission connection or actuator data radio connection; and a data input or sensor connection is connected to a detection means via a particularly wireless sensor data transmission connection or sensor data radio connection.

[0073] Preferably, at least some of the nodes each contain: a secondary microcontroller, each with at least one data output or actuator connection and at least one data input or sensor connection; at least one data output or actuator connection; and at least one data input or sensor connection; wherein a data output or actuator connection is connected or connectable to a secondary valve and / or to the main valve via a particularly wireless actuator data transmission connection; and a data input or sensor connection is connected to a detection means via a particularly wireless sensor data transmission connection.

[0074] Preferably, at least some of the nodes contain at least one of the secondary valves, wherein a data output or actuator connection is connected to a secondary valve via a particularly wireless actuator data transmission connection.

[0075] Preferably, the master and the nodes contain parts of a wireless communication system and can communicate with each other using a wireless communication protocol.

[0076] Preferably, the master is arranged in a local area network (LAN or WLAN), in particular a wireless one, which has an internet gateway (IGW), allowing the master to communicate with a mobile app or mobile web application, and a user of the mobile app to interact with the system. This advantageously allows an entire system to be assembled from a master, several nodes, and parts of the water-conducting means, in particular pipes or hoses, in order to provide the system's wireless communication system in addition to the system's fluid system.

[0077] This makes it possible to provide a complete plant irrigation system, i.e., the part of the system required for water distribution (the fluid system), together with the system (the wireless communication system) for controlling the valves, i.e., the main valve and the secondary valves. This modularity of the fluid system and the communication system of the system allows the system to be modified or expanded in any way. Such an adaptive irrigation system can be constructed without any pre-existing infrastructure.

[0078] In particular, a virtually infinite number of expandable irrigation zones are possible, which can be individually irrigated, adjusted and controlled via APP, without any additional infrastructure, such as fixed control units, data cables, etc.

[0079] Preferably, the system contains at least one microcontroller with at least one data output or actuator connection and at least one data input or sensor connection, wherein a data output or actuator connection is connected to a valve via a particularly wireless actuator data transmission connection or actuator data radio connection, and a data input or sensor connection is connected to a detection means via a particularly wireless sensor data transmission connection or sensor data radio connection. This enables a cost-effective provision of the system for controlling the main valve and / or the secondary valves.

[0080] It is particularly advantageous if the rain forecasting means has a main microcontroller for controlling the main valve, which is arranged in a local network or LAN, in particular in a wireless local network or WLAN, which has an Internet gateway, whereby forecast weather data can be supplied to the main microcontroller, wherein in particular the main microcontroller, the main valve as well as sensor connections and actuator connections are arranged within a master.

[0081] The master can have a housing containing the main microcontroller, the main valve, and sensor and actuator connections. The housing can advantageously also include a pressure sensor located downstream of the main valve. This sensor can be used, for example, to perform leak tests and detect pressure drops. The housing preferably also includes a pressure relief valve located downstream of the main valve. This allows the master to quickly and efficiently release and reduce the pressure in the main line to return the modules to sleep mode. As soon as irrigation is due, the master opens the main valve. Once the desired pressure is reached, a leak test is performed for a specified time. During this time, the modules (nodes) activate and receive all relevant irrigation information wirelessly from the master.Depending on the instructions they receive, the nodes perform various tasks, such as opening their assigned valve. Once the watering time for a node has expired, it closes its valve and automatically shuts down. To reactivate a node, pressure must be restored in the main line. Alternatively, a node can also end watering early based on sensor data.

[0082] It is particularly advantageous if the system has a plurality of secondary microcontrollers, each with at least one data output or actuator connection and each with at least one data input or sensor connection, wherein a data output or actuator connection is connected to a secondary valve via an actuator data transmission connection and a data input or sensor connection is connected to a detection means via a sensor data transmission connection, wherein in particular a secondary microcontroller, a secondary valve as well as sensor connections and actuator connections are arranged within a node.

[0083] Such a node can have a housing in which the auxiliary microcontroller, the auxiliary valve as well as sensor connections and actuator connections are contained.

[0084] It is particularly advantageous if at least some of the secondary microcontrollers communicate with each other via a first wireless communication protocol and / or at least some of the secondary microcontrollers communicate with the main microcontroller via a second wireless communication protocol, whereby a wireless mesh network is formed with a range from secondary microcontroller to secondary microcontroller (peer-to-peer) that is greater than the range of the local area network (LAN) and is preferably in the range of 0.1 km to 1 km.

[0085] The modularity and flexibility of this mesh network facilitates the installation and / or expansion of the irrigation system according to the invention. This eliminates the need for the complex infrastructure of water pipes, water distributors, and electrical wiring required for irrigating extensive planted fields.

[0086] It is particularly advantageous if the main microcontroller of the system according to the invention communicates directly with the main microcontroller of another system according to the invention via a third wireless communication protocol, whereby a radio connection is formed with a range from main microcontroller to main microcontroller that is greater than the range of the mesh network and is preferably in the range of 1 km to 10 km.

[0087] If one of the two systems according to the invention detects actual or impending rain with its rain sensor and / or rain forecasting device, the main microcontroller of one system can communicate this to the main microcontroller of the other system. Even if the other system does not contain a rain sensor or rain forecasting device, it still benefits from the rain sensor and / or rain forecasting device of one system.

[0088] It is particularly advantageous if the main microcontroller or master and / or the secondary microcontrollers or nodes can interact with a server, a database, a cloud or a mobile app or web application via the Internet gateway.

[0089] Preferably, the system contains at least one generator for generating electrical energy, in particular a turboelectric generator and / or a thermoelectric generator and / or a photoelectric generator, for operating electrical elements, in particular actuators, sensors, radio transmitters, radio receivers, etc., and preferably a battery with a charging circuit for storing electrical energy.

[0090] The turboelectric generator preferably contains a micro-turbine and an electric generator which generates an electrical voltage according to the induction principle, wherein a micro-turbine is arranged in the water-conducting means and / or in the master and / or in a node and can be driven by the water flow.

[0091] The turboelectric generator is preferably located in at least one node. It can be located in all nodes and also in the master. This makes it possible to supply all electrical elements in the master and all nodes, i.e., microcontrollers, valves, actuators, sensors, etc., with electrical energy. This allows an energy-self-sufficient irrigation system with a decentralized power supply for its control to be constructed without any pre-existing electrical infrastructure.

[0092] Preferably, the turboelectric generator is connected in parallel with a valve, so that the water flow through the turboelectric generator and the water flow through the valve are connected in parallel. This creates a parallel connection of a water line or bypass with a secondary valve and a water line with a micro-turbine. By adjusting the secondary valve between fully open and fully closed, the water flow for driving the micro-turbine can be adjusted between minimum and maximum.

[0093] The thermoelectric generator preferably contains a thermoelectric element which generates an electrical voltage from a temperature gradient, wherein the thermoelectric element extends from a side of the system facing the sun to a side facing away from the sun and can be driven by the temperature difference between the sunny side and the shady side.

[0094] The thermoelectric generator is preferably arranged in a node.

[0095] The photoelectric generator preferably contains a solar cell on a side of the system facing the sun and is powered by solar radiation.

[0096] The photoelectric generator is preferably arranged in a node.

[0097] The invention effectively solves various problems, with particular emphasis on the problem of demand-based irrigation and the problem of a lack of infrastructure.

[0098] The invention enables the creation of an almost “infinite” adaptive irrigation system independent of existing infrastructure.

[0099] Short description of the drawings

[0100] Further advantages, features and possible applications of the invention will become apparent from the following description of non-limiting embodiments of the system according to the invention with reference to the drawing, in which

[0101] Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of a first embodiment of the system according to the invention;

[0102] Fig. 2 shows a more detailed schematic representation of part of the inventive system of Fig. 1;

[0103] Fig. 3 shows a schematic representation of a second embodiment and a third embodiment of the system according to the invention, which are arranged adjacent to each other;

[0104] Fig. 4 shows a more detailed schematic representation of part of the inventive system of Fig. 2;

[0105] Fig. 5 shows a more detailed schematic representation of further parts of the inventive system of Fig. 3;

[0106] Fig. 6 shows a graphical user interface of a mobile app in a first state and a second state;

[0107] Fig. 7 shows a further embodiment of a structural unit according to the present invention;

[0108] Fig. 8 shows an embodiment of a master according to the present invention; and

[0109] Fig. 9 shows another embodiment of a master according to the present invention

[0110] Preferred embodiments of the invention

[0111] Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of a first embodiment BA1 of a system according to the invention for watering plants.

[0112] A water connection WA can be seen, via which a water guide device WF1 (Fig. 2) can be connected to a water supply. Also visible is a master M, in which a main microcontroller MCU for controlling a main valve HV (Fig. 2) is located. The master M is arranged in a wireless local area network (WLAN), which has an internet gateway (IGW). This allows forecast weather data from the internet to be fed to the main microcontroller. In addition to the main microcontroller MCU, the main valve HV as well as sensor connections and actuator connections (not shown) are also arranged within the master M.

[0113] A multitude of nodes N1 to N14 can also be seen. Within each node, a slave microcontroller (not shown), a slave valve NV1, NV2, NV3, NV4 (Fig. 2), as well as sensor and actuator connections (not shown) are arranged. The master M and the nodes N1 to N14 each contain transmitting and receiving antennas (not shown), via which radio waves W can be transmitted and received.

[0114] At least some of the slave microcontrollers communicate with each other using a first wireless communication protocol. At least some of the slave microcontrollers communicate with the main microcontroller (MCU) using a second wireless communication protocol. Nodes N1 to N14 form a wireless mesh network (MN). The range from slave microcontroller to slave microcontroller (peer-to-peer) is greater than the range of the wireless local area network (WLAN) and is in the range of 0.1 km to 1 km.

[0115] Fig. 2 shows a more detailed schematic representation of a portion of the first embodiment BA1 of Fig. 1. It shows the master M, at which the water connection WA is located. The main valve HV and the main microcontroller MCU are located within the master M. Also visible is the water supply means WF, which contains branched water lines.

[0116] The Master M also contains connections V1 and V2, through which fertilizers in the form of water-soluble salts can be added to the water-conducting medium WF. An injection pump or Venturi injection device (not shown) is provided for this purpose.

[0117] The water flow medium WF contains branches in the form of T-elements, each of which contains a secondary valve NV1, NV2, NV3, NV4 at its respective branch. Each branch and a secondary valve NV1, NV2, NV3, NV4 are arranged in a respective node N1, N2, N3, N4.

[0118] In addition to its secondary valve NV4, the N4 node also contains a micro-turbine MT with a generator, or rather, a turboelectric generator (see also Fig. 4). This allows the electrical energy required to operate electrical elements, in particular actuators, sensors, radio transmitters, radio receivers, etc., to be generated. The N4 node also contains a battery with a charging circuit for storing electrical energy.

[0119] The branches of the water supply device WF can be used, for example, to irrigate different beds in a garden.

[0120] Fig. 3 shows a schematic representation of a second exemplary embodiment BA2 (or system BA2) and a third exemplary embodiment BA3 (or system BA3) of the system according to the invention. The two systems BA2 and BA3 are arranged adjacent to each other, i.e., they are located near a residential area with gardens and / or balconies, or they are located in an agricultural zone with several adjacent fields.

[0121] System BA2 is used by a first user or a first neighbor B1. System BA3 is used by a second user or a second neighbor B2. System BA2 contains a master M, a rain sensor RS and a water management device WF2, which contains a serial arrangement of four nodes N1, N2, N3, N4, with a soil sensor BS connected to each node N1 and N3. System BA3 contains a master M and a water management device WF3, which has a branch, with a first branch containing two nodes N1, N2 and a second branch containing a node N3. System BA3 does not contain a rain sensor RS or a soil sensor BS. It should be noted that the soil sensors BS can also form an independent mesh network.

[0122] When the BA2 system detects rain with its RS rain sensor, the BA2 system's main microcontroller can communicate this to the BA3 system's main microcontroller. This way, the BA3 system benefits from the BA2 system's RS rain sensor even without its own rain sensor. The wireless connection range from the BA2 system's main microcontroller to the BA3 system's main microcontroller is 1 km to 10 km.

[0123] Fig. 4 shows an enlarged schematic representation of node N4 of system BA1 shown in Fig. 2. Node N4 can be seen in the form of a housing G in which three T-branches are arranged, namely a first T-branche TV1, a second T-branche TV2 and a third T-branche TV3 of the water supply means WF1 (Fig. 2). Housing G contains a first water connection WA1, a second water connection WA2 and a third water connection WA3 for the three T-branches TV1, TV2, TV3. The T-branches TV1, TV2, TV3 leading to the third water connection WA3 contain TV3. The three T-branches TV1, TV2, TV3 form a parallel connection of a water line or a bypass with a secondary valve NV4' and a water line with a micro turbine MT. By adjusting the secondary valve NV4' between fully open and fully closed, the water flow for driving the Micro-Turbine MT can be adjusted.

[0124] Fig. 5 shows a more detailed schematic representation of further parts of the system according to the invention from Fig. 3. On the left, one can see a first construction unit kit or a first irrigation system of a first user and on the right, a second construction unit kit or a second irrigation system of a second user.

[0125] The first main microcontroller MCU1 and the second main microcontroller MCU2 of the master of a respective kit or irrigation system are connected to each other via a wired interface TX RX for data transmission.

[0126] The first main microcontroller MCU1 is connected to the Internet (server, cloud) via a wireless local area network WLAN or the first main microcontroller MCU1 can connect to the Internet (server, cloud) via a wireless local area network WLAN.

[0127] The second main microcontroller MCU2 is connected to a wireless mesh network that has several slave microcontrollers that can communicate with each other (peer-to-peer). The second main microcontroller MCU2 can connect to a wireless mesh network that has several slave microcontrollers that can communicate with each other (peer-to-peer).

[0128] The first unit kit or the first irrigation system of the first user B1 and the second unit kit or the second irrigation system of the second user B2 can communicate with each other.

[0129] This communication takes place by the first main microcontroller MCU1 of the first module kit or the first irrigation system of the first user communicating via the Internet with the first main microcontroller MCU1 of the second module kit or the second irrigation system of the second user.

[0130] The respective master or the respective first main microcontroller MCU1 of the two component kits do not communicate directly with each other, but via the Internet.

[0131] Fig. 5 shows an example situation where it is raining on the left for user B1, while it is slightly cloudy on the right for user B2. This results in the first rain sensor RS1 for the first user B1 sending a rain signal ("Rain Event") to the second main microcontroller MCU2 via a first data line DL1. The second main microcontroller MCU2 forwards the rain signal via the wired interface TX RX to the first main microcontroller MCU1, which then transmits the rain signal to the internet (server, cloud) via the wireless local area network WLAN.

[0132] Thus, the second user B2 can be informed via the Internet about the rainfall present at the first user B1 and not carry out a planned irrigation.

[0133] Each user (B1, B2) has the app or web application and at least one master for each irrigation system and its respective wireless mesh network. When registering in the app, the respective user (B1, B2) can optionally enable or disable communication between their at least one master and the server and enter the coordinates of their irrigation system. The masters with enabled communication to the server thus form a master network. Within this network, the masters with enabled communication can communicate with the server via their respective internet gateway, and thus with the other masters included in the master network.

[0134] Fig. 6 shows a graphical user interface of a mobile app in a first state and in a second state on a smartphone SM. It shows weather data in the form of forecasted weather patterns as well as sliders for adjusting the duration or intensity of a scheduled irrigation.

[0135] Fig. 7 shows a further embodiment of a structural unit or node according to the present invention. In this embodiment, the structural unit N5 is assigned to the T-junction TV of the main line HL and the valve NV5, but does not include these elements. The node N5 is connected to the main line HL via a branch line NL and can measure the pressure in the main line using a pressure switch DS. The pressure switch is configured such that when a predetermined and / or adjustable water pressure threshold is exceeded, the structural unit's microcontroller is activated. The structural unit also includes a self-latching circuit, in particular a circuit of the “High Edge Triggered Power Latching Circuit” type (not shown here). As soon as the structural unit's microcontroller is activated, it takes control of the self-latching circuit.This has the advantage that the module consumes only a very low current, in the range of 1-100 nA, in "sleep mode," i.e., in a mode where no irrigation is taking place and the pressure in the irrigation system is below the threshold. The N5 node is connected to the NV5 valve via cable or wirelessly and can open or close it depending on the data or signals it receives from the master.

[0136] Fig. 8 shows an embodiment of the master according to the present invention. In this embodiment, the master M comprises an injector IJ for supplying various agents, such as fertilizers or minerals, to the water. The injector IJ has ports for connecting or coupling to the master M and a Venturi pump for supplying the said agents. The master comprises a main valve HV and two valves V2 and V3, which, together with the injector, form a bypass of the main valve. V3 is an optional component that prevents unwanted delivery of supplied agents in the event of a defect. Valve V4 is a pressure relief valve that enables quick and efficient reduction of the pressure in the main line. The integrated pressure sensors P1 and P2 enable continuous monitoring of the pressure in the bypass and in the main line, respectively. The master M also has three flow sensors F1, F2 and F3.Sensor F1 is used to precisely measure the flow rate in the main line, while sensors F2 and F3 precisely determine the flow rate of the supplied agent or the mixture of agent and water.

[0137] Fig. 9 shows another embodiment of the master according to the present invention. Compared to the embodiment of Fig. 8, the master has two additional valves V5 and V6 as well as a micro-turbine MT. Valve V5 is a control / safety valve that allows water flow to the injector valve V2 and micro-turbine valve V6. List of Reference Symbols

[0138] BA1 system (first embodiment)

[0139] BA2 system (second embodiment)

[0140] BA3 system (third embodiment)

[0141] M Master

[0142] MCU main microcontroller

[0143] MCU1 first main microcontroller

[0144] MCU2 second main microcontroller N1 to N14Node

[0145] W radio waves

[0146] HV main valve

[0147] V1 connection or valve for injection pump

[0148] V2 connection or valve for Venturi injection device

[0149] TX RX wired interface (connection of MCU1 to MCU2)

[0150] IGW Internet Gateway

[0151] R Router

[0152] NV secondary valve

[0153] MN mesh network

[0154] NV1 to NV4 secondary valves

[0155] WA water connection

[0156] WA1 first water connection from Node with T-junction

[0157] WA2 second water connection from Node with T-junction

[0158] WA3 third water connection from node with T-junction TV1 first T-junction (in node N4)

[0159] TV2 second T-junction (in node N4)

[0160] TV3 third T-junction (in node N4)

[0161] G Housing (of a node or the master)

[0162] WF1, WF2, WF3 water pipe (water supply means)

[0163] RS rain sensor

[0164] BS soil sensor (for moisture and / or salt concentration)

[0165] B1 first user, first neighbor

[0166] B2 second user, second neighbor

[0167] RS1 first rain sensor (for first user)

[0168] DL1 first data line (for first user)

[0169] RS2 second rain sensor (for second user)

[0170] DL2 second data line (for second user)

[0171] MT Micro-Turbine with Generator (Turboelectric Generator)

[0172] SM Smartphone

[0173] P1 , P2 pressure sensors of the master

[0174] V2, V3, V5, V6 valves of the master bypass

[0175] V4 pressure relief valve

[0176] IJ injector

[0177] VP Venturi pump

[0178] F1, F2, F3 flow sensors

Claims

Claims 1. Unit (N1, N2, N14) for use in a Irrigation system for plants, wherein the structural unit (N1, N2, N14) comprises: at least one communication functional element for forming part of a communication system of the irrigation system, wherein the communication functional element comprises a sensor and an actuator, characterized in that the actuator is connected or connectable to at least one valve in a fluid branch of the irrigation system, wherein the actuator is configured for adjusting the valve.

2. Structural unit (N1, N2, ..., N14) according to claim 1, characterized in that the sensor is a pressure switch or a pressure sensor for measuring the water pressure in the irrigation system in the immediate vicinity of the structural unit, in particular in the main line of the irrigation system.

3. Unit (N1, N2, ..., N14) according to claim 2, characterized in that the pressure switch or the pressure sensor is configured such that when a predetermined and / or adjustable water pressure threshold is exceeded, a microcontroller of the communication function element with at least one data output or actuator connection and at least one data input or sensor connection is activated.

4. The assembly (N1, N2, ..., N14) according to claim 3, wherein the assembly comprises a self-holding circuit.

5. The assembly (N1, N2, ..., N14) according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the data output or actuator connection comprises a particularly wireless actuator data transmission element; and the data input or sensor connection comprises a particularly wireless sensor data transmission element.

6. The structural unit (N1, N2, ..., N14) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the structural unit (N1, N2, ..., N14) comprises at least one fluid functional element for forming part of a fluid system of the irrigation system, wherein the fluid functional element comprises a first fluid branch and, in the fluid branch, a valve (NV1, NV2, ....) connected to the actuator.

7. The structural unit (N1, N2, ..., N14) according to claim 6, characterized in that the fluid functional element comprises a second fluid branch, wherein the second fluid branch is parallel to the first fluid branch is connected, and wherein the second fluid branch has a generator for generating electrical energy, in particular a turboelectric generator (MT), for operating electrical elements, in particular actuators, sensors, radio transmitters, radio receivers, etc., and wherein the structural unit preferably has a battery with a charging circuit for storing electrical energy.

8. A kit of modules (M, N1, N2, ..., N14) for use in a plant irrigation system, the kit (M, N1, N2, ..., N14) comprising: a master unit (M) with at least one fluid functional element for forming part of a fluid system of the irrigation system and with at least one communication functional element for forming part of a communication system of the irrigation system; and a plurality of modules or nodes (N1, N2, ..., N14) according to one of claims 1 to 7.

9. A kit of modules (M, N1, N2, ..., N14) according to claim 8, characterized in that the master (M) and the nodes (N1, N2, ..., N14) contain parts of a wireless communication system and can communicate with each other by means of a wireless communication protocol.

10. Component kit (M, N1, N2, ..., N14) according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the master (M) has a main microcontroller (MCU).

11. A kit of components (M, N1, N2, ..., N14) according to one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that at least some of the nodes (N1, N2, ..., N14) each have a secondary microcontroller.

12. A kit of building units (M, N1, N2, ..., N14) according to one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that the master (M) has an Internet gateway (IGW).

13. A kit of components (M, N1, N2, ..., N14) according to one of claims 11 or 12, characterized in that at least some of the secondary microcontrollers can communicate with each other via a first wireless communication protocol and / or at least some of the secondary microcontrollers can communicate with the main microcontroller via a second wireless communication protocol.

14. Component kit (M, N1, N2, ..., N14) according to one of claims 10 to 13, characterized in that the main microcontroller (MCU) of the Masters (M) can communicate directly with the main microcontroller of another kit according to one of claims 10 to 13 via a third wireless communication protocol.

15. Construction unit kit (M, N1, N2, N14) according to one of the claims 12 to 14, characterized in that the main microcontroller (MCU) or the master (M) and / or the secondary microcontrollers or the nodes (N1, N2, N3, N4) can interact with a server, with a database, with a cloud or with a mobile APP or web application via the Internet gateway (IGW).

16. A kit of components (M, N1, N2, ..., N14) according to any one of claims 12 to 15, characterized in that the master comprises a main valve and a pressure sensor downstream of the main valve in the flow direction.

17. Construction unit kit (M, N1, N2, ..., N14) according to one of claims 12 to 16, characterized in that the master has a pressure relief valve.

18. Irrigation system (BA1; BA2; BA3) for irrigating plants which are spatially distributed in a room area, wherein the irrigation system comprises at least one structural unit (N1, N2, ..., N14) according to one of claims 1 to 7 or a structural unit kit (M, N1, N2, ..., N14) according to one of claims 8 to 17.

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