Hand-held protection factor evaluation device, protection factor evaluation system, and method for determining a protection factor of a skin protection product

Abstract

The invention relates to a hand-held protection factor evaluation device for determining a protection factor of a skin protection product, comprising an LED, a photodiode, and a first control unit. The invention also relates to a protection factor evaluation system for determining a protection factor of a skin protection product, comprising a hand-held protection factor evaluation device having an LED, a photodiode, and a first control unit, as well as an analysis unit having a second control unit. The invention also relates to a method for determining a protection factor of a skin protection product, comprising the method steps: emitting radiation from an LED of a hand-held protection factor evaluation device; detecting reflected radiation by a photodiode of a hand-held protection factor evaluation device; transmitting data relating to the reflected radiation to an analysis unit; and evaluating the protection factor in an evaluation wavelength range.

Description

[0001] MEASURING SYSTEM AND MEASURING METHOD The invention relates to a handheld protection factor evaluation device for determining a protection factor of a skin protection product, comprising an LED, a photodiode, and a first control unit. Furthermore, the invention relates to a protection factor evaluation system for determining a protection factor of a skin protection product, comprising a handheld protection factor evaluation device with an LED, a photodiode, a first control unit, and an evaluation unit with a second control unit.The invention also relates to a method for determining a protection factor of a skin protection agent, comprising the steps of emitting radiation from an LED of a handheld protection factor evaluation device, detecting remitted radiation from a photodiode of a handheld protection factor evaluation device, transmitting data of the remitted radiation to an evaluation unit, and evaluating the protection factor in an evaluation wavelength range. State of the Art: The methods previously approved by the authorities of the European Union (EU) and the American Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for determining SPF (Sun Protect Factor) are all harmful to the test subjects by causing erythema, i.e., a light-induced inflammatory reaction of the skin (COLI PA -15 European Cosmetic, Toiletry and Perfumery Association: COLIPA SPF Test Method 94 / 289, 1994; ISO Standards 24442, 24443, 24444).Therefore, both the FDA and the EU have repeatedly pointed out that future research activities must be directed towards new methods for characterizing the protective efficacy of sunscreen products in order to avoid long-term effects for the test subjects (European Commission, 20 Standardisation Mandate Assigned To CEN Concerning Methods For Testing Efficacy Of Sunscreen Products, M / 389 EN, Brussels, 12 July 2006). This invention is intended to fulfill this task. The existing methods are defined in various sources: Methods defined in standards and regulations: a. ISO 24444 defines a method for the in vivo determination of SPF. The basis of the method is the production of erythema on the skin of test subjects by radiation in the UVB range. Therefore, the method is harmful to the test subject. b. ISO 24443 defines an in vitro method for the determination of the UVA protection factor (UVAPF).The sunscreen is applied to a plastic plate so that its transmission spectrum can be measured. Due to uncontrollable fluctuations in the procedure, the transmission spectrum is scaled to match the result of the erythema test according to ISO 24444 and is therefore dependent on its implementation. The plastic plate used, with its roughened surface, is an unrealistic skin model. c. ISO 24442 defines an in-vivo method in which the UVA protection factor is determined using the minimum UVA dose required to produce irreversible pigmentation (suntan) of the skin. This method also requires a change in the test subject's skin. Patented method: DE 19828497 A1 describes a method in which, as in ISO 24444, erythema is induced in test subjects by UV irradiation of the skin. In contrast to ISO 24444, these erythemas are detected using reflectance spectroscopy.The process is therefore also damaging. The optical effect (protection) of the sunscreen is not recorded by direct optical measurements, but rather by a biological reaction of the body. DE 102004020644 A1 describes a process in which the generation of radicals by UV exposure is quantitatively measured in vivo using electron paramagnetic resonance (ESR). Here, too, the optical effect of the sunscreen is only recorded indirectly. In addition, measuring the ESR is technically complex and requires relatively large, stationary devices (tabletop devices). They are also sensitive to interference from high-frequency radiation or rapid, temporary changes in the magnetic field, such as those caused by electrical switching processes. To determine the label SPF of topically applied sunscreens in vivo, test methods such as ISO 24444, the FDA guideline, or the Australian standard are used worldwide.The basis of all these methods is the induction of an erythemal skin reaction by irradiating the skin with UV light. This is necessary to determine the minimum erythemal dose of untreated (MEDu) and product-treated skin (MEDp). Reliable in vitro methods, in which human skin is replaced by synthetic substrate carriers, are not available for SPF determination. Monochromatic devices are known that use conventional xenon lamps and are therefore expensive to purchase and operate. Built-in monochromators measure different wavelengths one after the other, which is disadvantageous when the test subjects are moving. Polychromatic devices also use xenon lamps. The in vivo measured value is weighted using a filter so that it corresponds to the in vivo UVA PF.Multi-LED devices for testing institutes represent another variant, but due to the spectroscopic detection, they are significantly larger and more expensive. It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a handheld device for determining the protection factor of a skin protection product that is simple and easy to operate, provides high-quality analytical results, and is cost-effective to manufacture and operate. It is also an object of the invention to provide a method for determining the protection factor of a skin protection product that provides high-quality analytical results and is quick and easy to carry out. It is also an object of the invention to provide a protection factor evaluation system for testing the sun protection factor of sunscreens that provides high-quality analytical results and is cost-effective to manufacture and operate.This object is achieved by means of the protection factor evaluation handheld device for determining a protection factor of a skin protection product according to claim 1. Further advantageous embodiments of the invention are set out in the subclaims. The protection factor evaluation handheld device according to the invention for determining a protection factor of a skin protection product has an LED, a photodiode, and a first control unit. The LED is intended and suitable for emitting radiation in a wavelength range. The photodiode is intended and suitable for detecting the remitted radiation resulting from the radiation emitted by the LED. The first control unit is intended and suitable for further processing the detected radiation. A protection factor evaluation handheld device within the meaning of the invention is a device that is simple and comfortable to hold and operate, even over extended periods.The protection factor evaluation handheld device according to the invention has dimensions and mass such that a user can carry, hold, and operate the protection factor evaluation handheld device with both hands. Preferably, the protection factor evaluation handheld device according to the invention has dimensions and mass such that a user can carry, hold, and operate the protection factor evaluation handheld device with one hand. A protection factor within the meaning of this invention is a protection factor of a skin protection agent, for example for protection against radiation, such as solar radiation. Furthermore, a protection factor within the meaning of this invention also includes the skin's own protection with and / or without treatment with a skin protection agent. The protection factor evaluation handheld device is suitable for introducing electromagnetic radiation into a measuring body, preferably into human skin, by means of the LED. The radiation source is an LED.Furthermore, the protection factor evaluation handheld device is suitable for detecting the remitted and / or transmitted electromagnetic radiation using the photodiode. The protection factor evaluation handheld device can be controlled by the first control unit, and the radiation detected by the photodiode can also be processed by the first control unit. The detection window and the resolution of the detection unit are determined by the first control unit, and the detected signals are stored and processed (e.g., amplified). The protection factor evaluation handheld device according to the invention only has the components for generating and detecting radiation and for controlling the radiation. An evaluation unit is not arranged in the protection factor evaluation handheld device.The dimensions and measurements of the protection factor evaluation handheld device according to the invention are limited by this advantageous design, making it compact and small enough that a user can carry, hold, and operate the protection factor evaluation handheld device with both hands, preferably with one hand, without any additional aids. The mass of the protection factor evaluation handheld device is a maximum of 2000g, preferably a maximum of 1000g, and particularly preferably a maximum of 500g. The protection factor evaluation handheld device is therefore suitable for a user to comfortably transport the protection factor evaluation handheld device and to perform multiple determinations of a protection factor of a skin protection product, even over an extended period of time. In a further development of the invention, the protection factor evaluation handheld device has an operating unit, wherein the operating unit is suitable for triggering the emission of radiation from the LED.The operating unit is connected to the first control unit and, in the simplest case, is a switch with which the radiation to be emitted by the LED is activated or deactivated. Alternatively or additionally, the operating unit is suitable for changing further parameters of the radiation to be emitted by the LED, e.g. its intensity, the irradiation wavelength and the irradiation duration. Likewise alternatively or additionally, the operating unit is suitable for changing the control of the photodiode, e.g. the detection wavelength, the spectral resolution and the sensitivity. In a further embodiment of the invention, the protection factor evaluation handheld device has an output device. By means of the output device, which is preferably connected to the first control unit, it can be displayed whether the LED is emitting radiation. Alternatively or additionally, the parameters of the radiation to be emitted by the LED and of the photodiode can be displayed.In addition, the determined protection factor of a skin protection agent can be displayed. In a further embodiment of the invention, the protection factor evaluation handheld device has a first communication unit, wherein the first communication unit is suitable for communicating with an external evaluation unit. The evaluation unit is advantageously arranged at a spatial distance from the protection factor evaluation handheld device. By means of the first communication unit, which is connected to the first control unit, the data of the remitted and / or transmitted electromagnetic radiation recorded by the photodiode can be sent to the evaluation unit and data can be received from the external evaluation unit. The protection factor of a protection agent can be determined by means of the evaluation unit. In a further embodiment of the invention, the radiation emitted by the LED is intended and suitable for penetrating a person's skin.This has the advantage that emitted radiation can interact with the skin itself and the protective agent that has penetrated it, whereas protective agent applied only to the skin can be easily rubbed off or washed off and thus does not achieve a lasting protective effect. In a further optional embodiment of the invention, the photodiode is provided and suitable for detecting the radiation remitted from a person's skin. This has the advantage that remitted radiation has interacted with the skin and the protective agent that has penetrated it, whereas protective agent applied only to the skin can be easily rubbed off or washed off and thus does not achieve a lasting protective effect. In a further optional embodiment of the invention, the first control unit (2) is provided and suitable for further processing radiation remitted from a person's skin.In a further development of the invention, the first control unit is provided and suitable for evaluating a protection factor from the radiation remitted from a person's skin and / or is provided and suitable for forwarding measurement data of the remitted radiation to a second control unit. In a further embodiment of the invention, the LED is coupled to a first light guide. By means of the first light guide, the electromagnetic radiation generated by the LED can be introduced into a measuring body. In a further embodiment of the invention, the photodiode is coupled to a second light guide. By means of the second light guide, the received remitted and / or transmitted electromagnetic radiation can be introduced into the photodiode. In a further embodiment of the invention, the first and / or second light guide is coupled to an inlet or outlet.The outlet is coupled to the first light guide, and the inlet to the second light guide. This object is further achieved by the inventive protection factor evaluation system for determining a protection factor. Advantageous embodiments are also set out in the subclaims. The inventive protection factor evaluation system for determining a protection factor of a skin protection agent comprises a protection factor evaluation handset with an LED, a photodiode, and a first control unit. The protection factor evaluation handset is a device that is simple and comfortable to hold and operate, even over extended periods. The protection factor evaluation handset is suitable for introducing electromagnetic radiation into a measuring body, preferably into human skin, by means of the LED arranged in the protection factor evaluation handset.Furthermore, the protection factor evaluation handheld device is suitable for detecting the remitted and / or transmitted electromagnetic radiation using the photodiode arranged in the protection factor evaluation handheld device. The protection factor evaluation handheld device can be controlled using the first control unit, which is also arranged in the first protection factor evaluation handheld device. Furthermore, the radiation detected by the photodiode can be processed using the first control unit. The detection window and the resolution of the detection unit are determined using the first control unit, and the detected signals are stored and processed (e.g., amplified). Furthermore, the protection factor evaluation system has an evaluation unit with a second control unit. The protection factor of a protective device can be evaluated using the evaluation unit. The evaluation unit can be controlled using the second control unit.The LED is intended and suitable for emitting radiation in a wavelength range. The photodiode is intended and suitable for detecting the remitted radiation resulting from the radiation emitted by the LED. The first control unit is intended and suitable for further processing the detected radiation. In one development of the invention, the protection factor evaluation handheld device has a first communication unit and / or the evaluation unit has a second communication unit, wherein the first and second communication units are suitable for communicating with one another. In a further development of the invention, the protection factor evaluation handheld device has a first communication unit, wherein the first communication unit is suitable for communicating with an external evaluation unit.By means of the first communication unit, which is connected to the first control unit, the data can be sent from the protection factor evaluation handheld device via the second communication unit to the evaluation unit. Furthermore, data can be sent from the evaluation unit to the protection factor evaluation handheld device via the second and first communication units. The connection between the first communication unit and the second communication unit is cable-guided and / or preferably wireless. In a further embodiment of the invention, the first and second communication units are suitable for wireless communication with one another. The wireless connection between the first and second communication units enables flexible positioning of the protection factor evaluation handheld device and the evaluation unit independently of one another.In one development of the invention, the first and / or the second communication unit are suitable for communicating with each other via a public network. In a further embodiment of the invention, the public network is a mobile radio, a WLAN, NFC network and / or a Bluetooth connection. The first and second communication units therefore use existing networks with established interfaces. In one development of the invention, the radiation emitted by the LED is intended and suitable for penetrating a person's skin. This has the advantage that emitted radiation can interact with the skin itself and the protective agent that has penetrated it, whereas protective agent applied only to the skin can be easily rubbed off or washed off and therefore does not provide any lasting protection.In a further optional embodiment of the invention, the photodiode is intended and suitable for detecting radiation remitted from a person's skin. This has the advantage that remitted radiation has interacted with the skin and the protective agent that has penetrated it, whereas protective agent applied only to the skin can be easily rubbed off or washed off and thus does not achieve a lasting protective effect. In a further optional embodiment of the invention, the first control unit (2) is intended and suitable for further processing radiation remitted from a person's skin. In a further development according to the invention, the first control unit is intended and suitable for evaluating a protection factor from the radiation remitted from a person's skin and / or is intended and suitable for forwarding measurement data of the remitted radiation to a second control unit.In a further embodiment of the invention, the LED is suitable for emitting light with a wavelength in the UVA range (irradiation wavelength 320 nm to 400 nm). The radiation is preferably emitted in vivo on human skin according to ISO 24442. ISO 24442 defines an in-vivo method in which the UVA protection factor is determined using the minimum UVA dose required to produce irreversible pigmentation (suntan) of the skin. In a further embodiment of the invention, the evaluation unit is a mobile device, preferably a smartphone. The mobile device can also be a notebook computer, tablet, or similar device and allows flexible positioning of the handheld protection factor evaluation device and the evaluation unit independently of each other. The mobile device or smartphone has a suitable application for determining the protection factor of a protective agent.In a further embodiment of the invention, the protection factor evaluation handheld device is a protection factor evaluation handheld device according to one or more of claims 1 to 7. The protection factor evaluation handheld device is a device that is easy and comfortable to hold and operate, even over extended periods of time. The protection factor evaluation handheld device has such dimensions and such a low mass that a user can use the protection factor evaluation handheld device with one hand. This object is further achieved by means of the inventive method for determining a protection factor of a skin protection product. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are set out in the subclaims. The inventive method for determining a protection factor of a skin protection product has four method steps: In the first method step, radiation is emitted from an LED of a protection factor evaluation handheld device into a measuring body.The LED generates electromagnetic radiation with an irradiation wavelength between the blue spectral range (approximately 400 nm to 500 nm wavelength) and the UV range (280 nm to 400 nm). The wavelength ranges are defined as follows: - < 320 nm (UVB) with < 0.1% of the total UV intensity, - 320 nm to 340 nm (UVA II) 8% to 20% of the total UVA intensity - 340 nm to 400 nm (UVA I) 80% to 92% of the total UVA intensity - 400 nm to 500 nm, blue light. In the second process step, radiation remitted from the measuring body is detected by a photodiode of a handheld protection factor evaluation device. The ratio of the intensities of the remitted radiation to the radiation coupled into the measuring body is a measure of the protective capability of the protective device.Like the irradiation wavelength, the detection wavelength preferably comprises a wavelength range, wherein the wavelength range of the detection wavelength preferably lies within the range of the irradiation wavelength or comprises the entire range of the irradiation wavelength. In the third method step, data on the remitted radiation is transmitted to an evaluation unit. The evaluation unit is, for example, a computer and has a suitable computer program. In the fourth method step, the protection factor is evaluated in an evaluation wavelength range from the data on the remitted radiation in the evaluation unit. The evaluation wavelength is the wavelength for which the protection factor is determined. The evaluation wavelength is different from the wavelength range of the irradiation wavelength and / or the detection wavelength.The evaluation wavelength, like the irradiation wavelength and the detection wavelength, is preferably a wavelength range, whereby the wavelength range of the evaluation wavelength includes at least the wavelength range of the irradiation wavelength and / or the detection wavelength. The protection factor (SPF) is a scientific measure and indicates how much lower the risk of skin damage is due to the use of a protectant. This factor focuses on the time it takes for UVB rays to penetrate a protectant and cause the skin to redden (minimal erythema, MED) compared to the time it takes when no protectant is present. The dose of solar radiation required to cause skin reddening is divided by the dose required to cause reddening without a protectant.This calculation is based on the application of 2 milligrams of protectant per square centimeter of skin surface. Currently, the SPF of protectants is determined via in vivo irradiation with a sun simulator (ISO 24444:2010 "Cosmetics - Sun protection test methods - In vivo determination of the sun protection factor (SPF)"), which represents the current state of the art. The basis for current testing of protectants is that test subjects are irradiated before and after the application of protectants. In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the evaluation unit is arranged outside the protection factor evaluation handset. In a further embodiment of the invention, the evaluation unit is a computer or a mobile radio device. The computer or mobile radio device is preferably arranged remotely from the protection factor evaluation handset and has a suitable computer program for determining a protection factor.The evaluation unit itself can therefore be a commercially available computer or a commercially available mobile device, e.g., a smartphone. Therefore, in this embodiment, the protection factor evaluation handheld device does not have its own fully-fledged evaluation unit. In a further embodiment of the invention, the emitted radiation has an irradiation wavelength between 280 nm and 2000 nm, preferably 280 to 800 nm, particularly preferably the range from 280 to 500 nm. In the context of this document, the LED is a technical device for generating electromagnetic radiation. An LED is therefore not an optical element for guiding, deflecting, or changing the intensity and / or wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation. A radiation source is therefore not, for example, a light guide, grating, prism, or filter.The LED generates electromagnetic radiation with an irradiation wavelength between the blue spectral range (approximately 400 nm to 500 nm wavelength) and the UV range (280 nm to 400 nm). In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the evaluation of the protection factor of the protective agent is carried out from the in vivo remitted radiation and the in silico transmission spectrum. Due to its high absorption properties, human skin does not emit sufficient UVB radiation to measure the absorption spectrum of the applied product in the UVB range. It is therefore necessary to separately record the absorption spectrum of the test material in the UVB part of the spectrum (280-320 nm) using a different technique. A transmission spectrum is determined based on the UV transmittance of protective films in vitro. The substrates to which the protective films are applied only approximately represent the inhomogeneous surface structure of human skin, such asPolymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) sheets with a rough surface according to ISO 24443. The transmission spectrum data includes intensity versus wavelength, preferably in a digitalized format. In a further embodiment of the invention, the transmission spectrum data for determining the protection factor is read from a database of the evaluation unit. The evaluation unit has a database in which data from different transmission spectra can be stored, or is connected to such a database. In a further embodiment of the invention, the transmission spectrum data are in silico data. The transmission spectrum data are therefore neither determined in vivo on a test subject nor in vitro according to ISO 24443, but rather estimated or determined mathematically. If the properties of the filter substances of a protective agent are known, the transmission can be calculated and simulated.Based on the simulated transmission, the sun protection factor and all parameters that characterize the protection factor can be calculated. In a further development of the invention, the wavelength range of the transmission spectrum comprises the evaluation wavelength. The evaluation of the protection factor of the protective agent is carried out using the in vivo remitted radiation and the in silico transmission spectrum. Due to its high absorption properties, human skin does not emit sufficient UVB radiation to measure the absorption spectrum of the applied product in the UVB range. It is therefore necessary to separately record the absorption spectrum of the test material in the UVB part of the spectrum (280-320 nm) using a different technique.The approach applied in this document uses the in vivo evaluation of the absolute UVA absorption spectrum, as measured by an in vivo measurement, with the use of a calculated in silico transmission spectrum to determine the protection factor of the protection agent for a user. The evaluation and hybridization of an in vivo remission spectrum with an in silico transmission spectrum is carried out to obtain a complete UV spectrum, so that the protection factors are calculated according to the formulas of the applicable standard (ISO 24443). For this purpose, the wavelength range of the transmission spectrum includes the evaluation wavelength, which preferably covers the range from 280 nm to 500 nm. In a further embodiment of the invention, the evaluation wavelength covers the wavelength range from 280 nm to 2000 nm, preferably the wavelength range from 280 nm to 800 nm, or particularly preferably the wavelength range from 280 nm to 500 nm.In one embodiment, the evaluation wavelength comprises a wavelength range from 400 nm to 500 nm, and preferably from 400 nm to 450 nm. Preferably, the wavelength range of blue light bordering the UVA range (up to 400 nm) is evaluated. To determine the protective ability of the protection agent in the UVB wavelength range (<320 nm), this wavelength range can also optionally be evaluated. In one embodiment of the invention, the wavelength range of the transmission spectrum comprises the evaluation wavelength. The evaluation of the protection factor of the protection agent is carried out from the in vivo remitted radiation and the in silico transmission spectrum. Due to its high absorption properties, human skin does not emit sufficient UVB radiation to measure the absorption spectrum of the applied product in the UVB range.It is therefore necessary to separately measure the absorption spectrum of the test material in the UVB part of the spectrum (280-320 nm) using a different technique. The approach applied in this document uses the in vivo evaluation of the absolute UVA absorption spectrum, as measured by an in vivo measurement, with the use of a calculated in silico transmission spectrum to determine the protection factor of the protection product for a user. The evaluation and hybridization of an in vivo reflectance spectrum with an in silico transmission spectrum is performed to obtain a complete UV spectrum, allowing the protection factors to be calculated according to the formulas of the applicable standard (ISO 24443). For this purpose, the wavelength range of the transmission spectrum includes the evaluation wavelength, which preferably covers the range from 280 nm to 500 nm.In a further embodiment of the invention, the evaluation wavelength comprises the wavelength range from 280 nm to 2000 nm, preferably the wavelength range from 280 nm to 800 nm, or particularly preferably the wavelength range from 280 nm to 500 nm. In a further development, the evaluation wavelength comprises a wavelength range from 400 nm to 500 nm, and preferably from 400 nm to 450 nm. Preferably, the wavelength range of blue light bordering the UVA range (up to 400 nm) is evaluated. To determine the protective ability of the protection agent in the UVB wavelength range (< 320 nm), this wavelength range can also optionally be evaluated. In a further embodiment of the invention, the evaluation of the protective ability of the protective agent for light in a wavelength range from 400 nm to 500 nm is carried out in a separate process from the evaluation of the protective ability of the protective agent for light in a wavelength range from 280 nm to 400 nm.Due to its high absorption properties, human skin does not emit sufficient UVB radiation to measure the absorption spectrum of the applied product in the UVB range. It is therefore necessary to separately measure the absorption spectrum of the test material in the UVB part of the spectrum (280-320 nm) using a different technique. For this purpose, the in vivo reflectance spectrum in the wavelength range from 320 nm to 400 nm is measured, and the wavelength range from 280 nm to 320 nm and the wavelength range from 400 nm to 500 nm are measured using an in silico transmission spectrum. In a further embodiment of the invention, the evaluation of the protective ability of the protective agent against light in a wavelength range from 400 nm to 500 nm is carried out using a method different from the evaluation of the protective ability of the protective agent against light in a wavelength range from 280 nm to 400 nm.Due to its high absorption properties, human skin does not emit sufficient UVB radiation to measure the absorption spectrum of the applied product in the UVB range. It is therefore necessary to separately measure the absorption spectrum of the test material in the UVB part of the spectrum (280-320 nm) using a different technique. For this purpose, the in vivo reflectance spectrum in the wavelength range from 320 nm to 400 nm is recorded, and the wavelength range from 280 nm to 320 nm and the wavelength range from 400 nm to 500 nm are recorded using an in silico transmission spectrum. In a further embodiment of the invention, the wavelength range of the irradiation wavelength or the wavelength range of the detection wavelength is smaller than the wavelength range of the evaluation wavelength. The wavelength ranges of the irradiation wavelength and the detection wavelength are preferably equal within a maximum wavelength range of 320 nm to 400 nm.The wavelength range of the evaluation wavelength covers a maximum range from 280 nm to 500 nm. In a further embodiment of the invention, the wavelength range of the irradiation wavelength or the wavelength range of the detection wavelength in the wavelength range of the evaluation wavelength is smaller than the wavelength range of the evaluation wavelength. The wavelength ranges of the irradiation wavelength and the detection wavelength are preferably equal in a wavelength range from 320 nm to 400 nm, with the wavelength ranges of the irradiation wavelength and the detection wavelength being smaller than the aforementioned wavelength range of 320 nm to 400 nm. In the wavelength range of the evaluation wavelength (maximum 280 nm to 500 nm), the wavelength range of the irradiation wavelength or the wavelength range of the detection wavelength in the wavelength range of the evaluation wavelength is then smaller than the wavelength range of the evaluation wavelength.In a further development of the invention, the wavelength range of the irradiation wavelength and / or the wavelength range of the detection wavelength is less than 100 nm, preferably less than 50 nm, and particularly preferably less than 25 nm. Therefore, only one beam source for emitting electromagnetic radiation is required, which has a narrow wavelength range of the irradiation wavelength. Likewise, a detector capable of detecting the narrow wavelength range of the detection wavelength is required to record the remission spectrum. The beam source and detector can therefore be designed to be cost-effective in manufacture and operation. In a further embodiment of the invention, the irradiation wavelength and / or the detection wavelength only includes light with wavelengths outside the wavelength range of 400 nm to 450 nm. To record an in vivo measurement, the UVA wavelength range (320 nm - 400 nm) is coupled into the measuring body.In one embodiment of the invention, the irradiation wavelength and / or the detection wavelength only includes light with wavelengths outside the wavelength range of 400 nm to 500 nm. In particular, the wavelength range of UVA and UVB is irradiated. The greatest risk to human skin lies in this wavelength range, and determining the protective ability of a protective agent is therefore particularly important. In another embodiment of the invention, the evaluation wavelength includes wavelengths outside the wavelength range of 400 nm to 500 nm. In particular, the wavelength range of UVA and UVB is evaluated. The greatest risk to human skin lies in this wavelength range, and determining the protective ability of a protective agent is therefore particularly important. In another embodiment of the invention, the evaluation wavelength includes wavelengths λ with λ < 400 nm.To record an in vivo measurement, the UVA wavelength range (320 nm - 400 nm) is evaluated in particular. In a further embodiment of the invention, the evaluation wavelength comprises wavelengths λ with 320 nm < λ < 400 nm. To record an in vivo measurement to determine the protective ability of the protective agent, the UVA wavelength range (320 nm - 400 nm) is evaluated in particular. To determine the protective ability of the protective agent in the UVB wavelength range (< 320 nm), this wavelength range can also optionally be evaluated. In a further embodiment, radiation is emitted from a single beam source, wherein the emitted radiation from the one beam source comprises light in a wavelength range between 280 nm and 500 nm. In the context of this document, a beam source is a technical device for generating electromagnetic radiation.A beam source is therefore not an optical element for guiding, deflecting or changing the intensity and / or wavelength of electromagnetic radiation. A beam source is therefore not, for example, a light guide, grating, prism or filter. The beam source generates electromagnetic radiation in a wavelength range within the blue spectral range (from approximately 400 nm to 500 nm wavelength) and the UV range (280 nm to 400 nm). In a further development of the invention, the emitted radiation of one beam source covers only a portion of the wavelength range between 280 nm and 500 nm. In a preferred embodiment, the wavelength range of the radiation emitted by one beam source is less than 50 nm wide and in a particularly preferred embodiment, one beam source is a single LED. In a further development of the invention, the individual beam sources can be controlled.This enables targeted control of the beam source and targeted adaptation of the overall spectrum to different applications. By appropriately selecting the intensity of the beam source, a radiation dose is also achieved, either in the form of an individual dose (e.g., 0.1 MED) or an adjustable limit value. This minimizes the radiation dose for a test subject. In a further aspect of the invention, the beam source is controlled by a beam source controller and / or a control unit. The beam source controller and / or the control unit specifically controls the beam source and enables targeted adaptation of the spectrum generated by the beam source, e.g., by controlling the wavelength range and the intensity of the electromagnetic radiation generated by the beam source.In a further embodiment of the invention, the wavelength, exposure time, and / or intensity of the individual beam sources are controlled by controlling the beam source. This enables targeted control of the beam source for in vivo measurements on the one hand, and in vitro measurements on the other. By appropriately selecting the intensity of the beam source and the exposure time of the measuring body, a radiation dose is also selected, either in the form of an individual dose (e.g., 0.1 MED) or an adjustable limit value. This minimizes the radiation dose for a test subject. In a further aspect of the invention, the transmission spectrum is adjusted using the detected remitted radiation. The adjustment is carried out in such a way that a hybrid transmission spectrum T. hyb is determined according to: ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^〖(λ〗 ) ^^ ℎ ^^ ^^ (λ) = ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^(λ) ∗ ^^ ^^ ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^〖(λ〗 ^^ ^^ ^^)with T in vivo as transmission spectrum determined from the spectrum of the detected remitted radiation determined by in vivo measurement and T in silicothe calculated transmission spectrum. In a further embodiment of the invention, the radiation is emitted in vivo on human skin according to ISO 24442. ISO 24442 defines an in-vivo method in which the UVA protection factor is determined using the minimum UVA dose required to produce irreversible pigmentation (suntan) of the skin. In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the protective ability of the protection agent is evaluated based on two measurements.The protective ability of the protectant is determined by the time it takes for UVB rays to penetrate a protectant and cause the skin to turn red (minimal erythema, MED), recorded in a second measurement, compared to the time this takes when no protectant is present. In a first measurement, the dose of solar radiation required to cause skin reddening is divided by the dose required to cause reddening without a protectant. In one development of the invention, a first measurement is taken before the protectant is applied to the test body. This first measurement records the time at which minimal erythema (MED) occurs on the untreated skin of the test subject. In a further aspect of the invention, a second measurement is taken after the protectant has been applied to the test body.This second measurement records the time at which minimal erythema (MED) appears on the subject's skin treated with protective agent. In a further embodiment of the invention, the radiation source generates polychromatic radiation, whereby the generated polychromatic radiation is radiated unfiltered onto the measuring body. The radiation source generates radiation in a maximum wavelength range of 280 nm to 500 nm (UVB to blue light). The generated polychromatic radiation is not altered by optical elements (filters, monochromators) in the generated wavelength range from the generation of the polychromatic radiation until it strikes a measuring body. This achieves a maximum intensity of the generated radiation, a likewise maximum intensity of the remitted or transmitted radiation, and consequently a high signal-to-noise ratio.In a further development of the invention, the spectroscopic measurement is carried out exclusively in vivo. In a first measurement, the remission spectrum and / or the remission value of human skin without protective agent is recorded, and in a second measurement, the remission spectrum and / or the remission value of human skin with protective agent. In a further embodiment of the invention, the radiation emitted by the LED penetrates the measuring body. The photodiode detects the radiation remitted from the measuring body. This has the advantage that remitted radiation has interacted with the skin and the protective agent that has penetrated it, whereas protective agent applied only to the skin is easily rubbed off or washed off and therefore does not provide lasting protection.Exemplary embodiments of the method according to the invention for determining a protection factor and of the protection factor evaluation system according to the invention are shown in simplified schematic form in the drawings and are explained in more detail in the following description. They show: Fig. 1: Protection factor evaluation system, evaluation unit arranged outside the mobile radio device Fig. 2: Protection factor evaluation handset with a first control unit Fig. 3: Protection factor evaluation handset with a first control unit and an operating unit Fig. 4: Protection factor evaluation handset with a first control unit, an operating unit and an output device Fig. 5: Protection factor evaluation handset with a first control unit, an operating unit, an output device and a second control unit Fig. 6: Protection factor evaluation system, evaluation unit and first control unit arranged as a structural unit inside the mobile radio device Fig.7: Method for carrying out an in vivo measurement to evaluate a sun protection factor with reference and calibration measurement Fig. 8: Method for carrying out an in vivo measurement including an in vitro spectrum to evaluate a sun protection factor Fig. 1 shows an embodiment of the protection factor evaluation system 1 according to the invention. The protection factor evaluation system 1 has the protection factor evaluation handset 30 (see Fig. 2), which is arranged directly on the measuring body 3 for determining a protection factor of a skin protection agent. The measuring body 3 is, for example, the skin of a test subject. The protection factor evaluation handset 30 has a first communication unit COM1, which is connected to a second communication unit COM2 of a mobile device 6. The connection is established via a Bluetooth connection; further connection options include an internet connection. The mobile device 6 has a first control unit 2.1, which controls the method 400 for determining a protection factor. The first control unit 2.1 is connected to the communication unit COM1. The evaluation unit 10, in this exemplary embodiment, is arranged externally at a distance from the smartphone 6 and the protection factor evaluation handheld device 30. The evaluation unit 10, in this exemplary embodiment, is a fixed desktop computer; however, the evaluation unit 10 can also be a mobile device, e.g., also a smartphone, tablet, or similar, and has a suitable app for determining a protection factor of a protective device. Fig. 2 shows a further exemplary embodiment of the protection factor evaluation handheld device 30 according to the invention for carrying out an in vivo measurement. The protection factor evaluation handheld device 30 has the radiation source device 12. The radiation source device 12 has an LED 12.1 and optical elements that are provided and / or suitable for evaluating the radiation emitted by the LED 12.1 to condition and / or redirect the radiation generated, e.g., light guides, filters, monochromators, mirrors, and / or other optical elements. By means of a light guide 4.1, the light emitted by the beam source device 12, with an irradiation wavelength between 280 nm and 2000 nm, is introduced via the probe head 5 into the measuring body 3. The irradiation wavelength is preferably in the range from 280 nm to 800 nm, particularly preferably in the range from 280 nm to 500 nm. In this and all further exemplary embodiments, the irradiation wavelength is in the range from 280 nm to 500 nm (UVA to blue light). The light remitted by the measuring body 3 reaches the detector unit 13 via a further light guide 4.2. The detector unit 13 has a monochromator, filter, photomultiplier, spectrometer, and / or a photodiode. In this and all following embodiments, the detector unit 13 has a photodiode as detector 13.1.Detector unit 13 and beam source device 12 are connected to a first control unit 2.1, which in turn is connected to the first communication unit COM1 via another data line. The first control unit 2.1 is typically a computer chip with a suitable computer program stored in a memory. The first communication unit COM1 is connected to an externally arranged evaluation unit 10 via a second communication unit COM2 (not shown), with the first communication unit COM1 and the second communication unit COM2 communicating with each other. All of the above-mentioned components of the protection factor evaluation handheld device 30 are arranged in a housing G, which protects the components from contamination. A variant of the protection factor evaluation handheld device 30 is shown in Fig. 3. The protection factor evaluation handheld device 30 shown here corresponds to the previous embodiment (see Fig. 2), except that the first control unit is 2.1 is connected to an operating unit 14. By means of the operating unit 14, a user of the protection factor evaluation handheld device 30 can control the first control unit 2.1 and thus operate the protection factor evaluation handheld device 30, e.g., generate or switch off the radiation, select the irradiation wavelength range of the radiation source 12.1, and control the intensity of the radiation generated by the radiation source 12.1. Fig. 4 shows a further embodiment of the protection factor evaluation handheld device 30. The protection factor evaluation handheld device 30 shown here corresponds to the previous embodiment (see Fig. 3); in addition, the first control unit 2.1 is connected to the operating unit 14 and an output device 11. In this embodiment, the output device 11 is arranged in the protection factor evaluation handheld device 30. The output device 11 can be used to display whether the LED 12.1 is emitting radiation. Alternatively or additionally, the parameters of the LED 12.1 and the photodiode 13.1. In addition, the determined protection factor of a skin protection agent can be displayed. A preferred embodiment of the protection factor evaluation handset 30 is shown in Fig. 5. The protection factor evaluation handset 30 shown here corresponds to the previous embodiment (see Fig. 4); in addition, the protection factor evaluation handset 30 has a second control unit 2.2 connected to the first control unit 2.1. Fig. 6 shows a further embodiment of the protection factor evaluation system 1 according to the invention. Like the first embodiment shown (see Fig. 1), the protection factor evaluation system 1 has the protection factor evaluation handset 30. The protection factor evaluation handset 30 has a first communication unit COM1 connected to a second communication unit COM2 of the mobile radio device 6. The mobile radio device 6 has a first control unit 2.1, which controls the method 400 for determining a protection factor. The first control unit 2.1 is connected to the communication unit COM1. In this exemplary embodiment, the evaluation unit 10 is arranged in the smartphone 6 in a structural unit with the first control unit 2.1. Fig. 7 shows an exemplary embodiment of an implementation of the method 100 of an in vivo measurement for recording the remission spectrum using the protection factor evaluation system 1 according to the invention from the preceding exemplary embodiments (see Fig. 1 to Fig. 5). The implementation takes place in vivo according to ISO 24442 or 24444. The method 100 of a measurement requires the recording of a remission spectrum each of the measuring body 3 untreated with a protective agent and the measuring body 3 treated with a protective agent, wherein the measuring body 3 is the skin of a test subject 3 in all in vivo measurements.For this purpose, the protection factor evaluation handheld device 30 is positioned such that the measuring head 5 is applied to the untreated skin of the test subject 3, i.e. the measuring head 5 touches the skin of the test subject 3. The protective agent to be tested is not applied to the skin of the test subject 3. Typically, a location on the inside of the forearm or the back of a test subject 3 is selected. The first measurement 110 is then carried out by the first control unit 2.1 controlling the LED 12.1 such that the light generated by the LED 12.1 (see Fig. 4) is guided through the light guide 4.1 onto the skin of the test subject 3. The generated electromagnetic radiation has an irradiation wavelength range with a FWHM of up to 20 nm, wherein the generated electromagnetic radiation is in the wavelength range from 330 nm to 350 nm. The wavelength range of the detection wavelength in which the photodiode 13.1 reflects the remitted radiation by means of the light guide 4.2 also has a range of, for example, 20 nm in the range from 330 nm to 350 nm. Furthermore, the range of the irradiation wavelength and / or the wavelength range of the detection wavelength is less than 100 nm, preferably less than 50 nm, and particularly preferably less than 25 nm. For some applications, FWHM can also be up to 30 nm, whereby the generated electromagnetic radiation is in the wavelength range from 400 nm to 800 nm. For other applications, FWHM can also be up to 100 nm or more and / or can be reduced by filters if necessary, whereby the generated electromagnetic radiation is in the wavelength range from 800 nm to 2000 nm. The light generated by the LED 12.1 is radiated unfiltered onto the measuring body 3 in order to ensure a high S / N ratio. In particular, the light generated by the LED 12.1 is polychromatic with a maximum intensity at a wavelength in the UVA range of 340nm.Alternatively, an LED can be used that generates light with a maximum intensity in the UVA range of 365 nm. The irradiation occurs at an intensity that does not cause acute damage to the skin, which is below the simple MED, or below the MZB values, or significantly below the values ​​caused by solar radiation. The light remitted by the skin of the test subject 3 is guided through the light guide 4.2 to photodiode 13.1 of the detector unit 13, detected by the photodiode 13.1, and converted into measured values. The measured values ​​are sent to the first control unit 2.1 and stored in the first control unit 2.1. The control unit 2.1 then queries at 120 whether the second measurement of the skin of the test subject 3 treated with the protective agent has already been performed. If this is not the case, this is indicated by the output device 11 connected to the first control unit 2.1.To carry out the second measurement 110 with applied protective agent, the protective agent is applied 130 to the skin of the test subject 3, e.g., according to ISO 24442 or 24444 in an amount of 2.0 mg / cm² on the skin surface to be tested. The application 130 of the protective agent and the subsequent second measurement 110 are carried out at the same location on the measurement sample 3, in particular on the same location on the skin of a test subject 3, in order to ensure the reproducibility of the first and second measurements 110. Also to ensure reproducibility, the first control unit 2.1 controls the LED 12.1 such that the light generated by the LED 12.1 is guided through the light guide 4.1 onto the skin of the test subject 3, wherein the intensity and / or exposure time of the first and second measurements 110 are coordinated with one another. The light remitted by the skin of the subject 3 is also detected by the photodiode 13.1 of the detector unit 13 and converted into measured values.The measured values ​​are sent to the first control unit 2.1 and stored there. If the query 120 indicates that the second measurement 110 has already been performed, an evaluation 140 of the protective device is performed. For this purpose, the evaluation unit 10 executes a program to calculate the reflection spectrum Tin vivo according to equation 1: Eq.1 with T in vivo as a function of wavelength λ, SPF in vivoThe protection factor is determined by the in vivo method 100, R0 is the reflected intensity of the untreated skin of the test subject 3 as a function of the wavelength λ, R is the reflected intensity of the skin of the test subject 3 treated with the protective agent as a function of the wavelength λ. The method 100 presented here requires a time expenditure of a few seconds to a few tens of seconds. As an alternative to the method shown in Fig. 6 with an LED, this method can also be carried out in the same way with a multi-LED radiation source. Fig. 8 shows an embodiment of the method 400 according to the invention for determining a protection factor of a skin protection agent. An in vivo reflection measurement 100 (see Fig. 7) is combined with the data of a transmission spectrum 200. According to the invention, the values ​​of the transmission spectrum 200 are calculated (in silico).If the quantities and properties of the UV filter substances of a protective agent are known, the UV transmittance can be calculated, taking into account the irregularity of the film and its photodegradation. Based on the simulated UV transmittance, the protective ability of the protective agent and all parameters that characterize protection against UVA and / or UVB can be calculated in silico. The in silico determination of the data of a transmission spectrum is carried out, for example, in a laboratory based on ISO 24443. An application of 2.0 g / cm² of protective agent is assumed. In this embodiment, the emitted radiation is in the wavelength range from 280 nm to 500 nm (UVB to blue light). In further embodiments, the irradiation wavelength range can be in the wavelength range between 280 nm and 2000 nm, and preferably between 280 nm and 800 nm.The evaluated wavelength range of the transmission spectrum comprises the wavelength range from 280 nm to 2000 nm, preferably the wavelength range from 280 nm to 800 nm, or particularly preferably the wavelength range from 280 nm to 500 nm and / or the wavelength range from 400 nm to 500 nm and / or the wavelength range from 400 nm to 450 nm. In this exemplary embodiment, the evaluation wavelength range of the transmission spectrum comprises 400 nm to 500 nm. The data of the in silico transmission spectrum are stored in a database and can be retrieved from the database at any time. To determine the protection factor of a skin protection agent, the in silico transmission spectrum is loaded 200 into the evaluation unit 10, which is connected to the database via an internet connection. The results of the evaluations of the in vivo remission spectrum 140 and the in silico transmission spectrum are evaluated in combination using the evaluation unit 10 300.For this purpose, the hybrid transmission spectrum T is first determined. hyb , calculated, where the in silico transmission spectrum T in silico using the reflection spectrum T in vivo is scaled: The protective ability of the protective agent for the spectral range from UVA (320nm) to the HEV spectral range (450nm) SF is then calculated according to equation 4 (here E = IPD(λ) is the IPD spectrum; S = I(λ) is the solar spectrum): Eq.4 The protective ability of the protective agent in the spectral range of blue light (400nm to 500nm) is determined according to equation 5 (here E = IPD(λ) is the IPD spectrum; S = I(λ) is the solar spectrum) Eq.5 The protective ability of the protective agent from 400nm to 450nm SF (400nm-450nm) is determined according to equation 6 (here E = IPD(λ) is the IPD spectrum; S = I(λ) is the solar spectrum): Eq.6 The protective ability of the protection agent for the spectral range of UVA (320-400nm) UVA- SF is then given by equation 4 (here E = PPD(λ) is the PPD spectrum; S = I(λ) is the solar spectrum or UVA source for PPD-test.): Eq.7 The protective ability of the protective agent for the spectral range from UVB to UVA (280-400nm) UV-SF is then given by Eq. 4 Eq. 8 In all equations for SF or UVA-SR, a correction function F (SF) = SF_corr or F (UVA-SF) = UVA-PF_corr is optionally used, which describes, for example, skin type-dependent differences. A correction function makes values ​​of different skin types comparable and returns a corrected value SF. korr or UVA-PF korr For example, F can be a linear factor (ie F(SF)=SF*C) or an exponential function (ie F(SF)=SF C). C can depend, for example, on the skin type or the ITA° value. As shown in Eq. 4, the formulas in Eqs. 2 to 8 can be written as follows: Eq.9 Since the in vivo value is measured without photodegradation, photodegradation should be appropriately taken into account. This can be done by using T_ in silico with ( ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^_ ^^ ^^ ^^( ^^) and without photodegradation and a spectral quotient is calculated from it Eq.10 This then becomes ^ ^ ℎ ^^ ^^_ ^^ ^^ ^^ (λ) = ^^ ℎ ^^ ^^ (λ) ∗ SRPD(^ ) Eq. 11. The method can be calibrated using suitable reference methods such as electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy.

[0002] LIST OF REFERENCE SYMBOLS Protection factor evaluation system First control unit Second control unit Measuring body Optical fiber / fiber bundle Measuring head Outlet Inlet Mobile device / smartphone Evaluation unit Output device Beam source device Beam source / LED Detection unit Detector / photodiode Operating unit Protection factor evaluation handheld device Carrying out a reflection measurement Carrying out a calibration measurement Query Applying a protective agent Evaluation Reading in Transmission spectrum Determination of the protection factor Method for determining a protection factor of a skin protection agent COM1 First communication unit COM2 Second communication unit

Claims

PATENT CLAIMS 1. A handheld protection factor evaluation device (30) for determining a protection factor of a skin protection product, comprising: • an LED (12.1) intended and suitable for emitting radiation in a wavelength range; • a photodiode (13.1) intended and suitable for detecting the remitted radiation resulting from the radiation emitted by the LED; and • a first control unit (2) intended and suitable for further processing the detected radiation.

2. A handheld protection factor evaluation device (30) for determining a protection factor of a skin protection product according to claim 1, characterized in that the handheld protection factor evaluation device (30) has an operating unit (14), the operating unit (14) being suitable for triggering the emission of radiation from the LED (12.1). 3.Protection factor evaluation handheld device (30) for determining a protection factor of a skin protection agent according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the protection factor evaluation handheld device (30) has an output device (11).

4. A handheld protection factor evaluation device (30) for determining a protection factor of a skin protection agent according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the handheld protection factor evaluation device (30) has a first communication unit (COM1), wherein the first communication unit (COM1) is suitable for communicating with an external evaluation unit (10).

5. A handheld protection factor evaluation device (30) for determining a protection factor of a skin protection agent according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the radiation emitted by the LED (12.1) is intended and suitable for penetrating a human's skin. 6.A handheld protection factor evaluation device (30) for determining a protection factor of a skin protection agent according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the photodiode is provided and suitable for detecting the radiation remitted from a person's skin.

7. A handheld protection factor evaluation device (30) for determining a protection factor of a skin protection agent according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first control unit (2) is suitable and intended for further processing radiation remitted from a person's skin.

8. A handheld protection factor evaluation device (30) for determining a protection factor of a skin protection agent according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first control unit is provided and suitable for evaluating a protection factor from the radiation remitted from a person's skin and / or is provided and suitable for forwarding measurement data of the remitted radiation to a second control unit.

9. A handheld protection factor evaluation device (30) for determining a protection factor of a skin protection agent according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the LED (12.1) is coupled to a first light guide (4.1).

10. A handheld protection factor evaluation device (30) for determining a protection factor of a skin protection agent according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the photodiode (13.1) is coupled to a second light guide (4.2). 11.A handheld protection factor evaluation device (30) for determining a protection factor of a skin protection agent according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the first and / or second light guide (4.1, 4.2) is coupled to an inlet (5.2) or outlet (5.1).

12. A protection factor evaluation system (1) for determining a protection factor of a skin protection agent, comprising: a handheld protection factor evaluation device (30). - an LED (12.1) ) which is intended and suitable for emitting radiation in a wavelength range, - a photodiode (13.1) , which is intended and suitable for detecting the remitted radiation resulting from the radiation emitted by the LED and - a first control unit (2.1) , which is intended and suitable for further processing the detected radiation • an evaluation unit (10) with - a second control unit (2.2) , which is intended and suitable for evaluating the detected radiation and / or for evaluating a protection factor with the aid of the detected radiation. 13.Protection factor evaluation system (1) for determining a protection factor of a skin protection agent according to claim 12, characterized in that the protection factor evaluation handheld device (30) has a first communication unit (COM1) and / or the evaluation unit (10) has a second communication unit (COM2), wherein the first (COM1) and the second communication unit (COM2) are suitable for communicating with one another.

14. Protection factor evaluation system (1) for determining a protection factor of a skin protection agent according to claim 13, characterized in that the first (COM1) and the second communication unit (COM2) are suitable for communicating with one another wirelessly.

15. Protection factor evaluation system (1) for determining a protection factor of a skin protection agent according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that. the first (COM1) and / or the second communication unit (COM2) are suitable for communicating with each other via a public network.

16. A protection factor evaluation system (1) for determining a protection factor of a skin protection agent according to claim 15, characterized in that the public network is a mobile radio, a WLAN, NFC, and / or a Bluetooth network.

17. A protection factor evaluation system (1) for determining a protection factor of a skin protection agent according to one or more of claims 12 to 16, characterized in that the radiation emitted by the LED (12.1) is intended and suitable for penetrating the skin of a person.

18. A protection factor evaluation system (1) for determining a protection factor of a skin protection agent according to one or more of claims 12 to 17, characterized in that the photodiode is intended and suitable for detecting the radiation remitted from the skin of a person. 19.A protection factor evaluation system (1) for determining a protection factor of a skin protection agent according to one or more of claims 12 to 18, characterized in that the first control unit (2) is suitable and intended for further processing radiation remitted from the skin of a person.

20. A protection factor evaluation system (1) for determining a protection factor of a skin protection agent according to one or more of claims 12 to 19, characterized in that. the first control unit is provided and suitable for evaluating a protection factor from the radiation remitted from a person's skin and / or is provided and suitable for forwarding measurement data of the remitted radiation to a second control unit, wherein the second control unit is provided and suitable for evaluating a protection factor from the radiation remitted from a person's skin.

21. A protection factor evaluation system (1) for determining a protection factor of a skin protection agent according to one or more of claims 12 to 20, characterized in that the LED (12.1) is suitable for emitting light with a wavelength in the UVA range.

22. A protection factor evaluation system (1) for determining a protection factor of a skin protection agent according to one or more of claims 12 to 21, characterized in that the evaluation unit (10) is a mobile device and preferably a smartphone. 23.Protection factor evaluation system (1) for determining a protection factor of a skin protection agent according to one or more of claims 12 to 22, characterized in that the protection factor evaluation handheld device (30) is a protection factor evaluation handheld device according to one or more of claims 1 to 11.

24. Method (400) for determining a protection factor of a skin protection agent with the method steps: • Emitting (110) radiation from an LED (12.1) of a protection factor evaluation handheld device (30) onto a measuring body, • Detecting the radiation remitted by the measuring body (3) with a photodiode (13.1) of a protection factor evaluation handheld device (30). • Transmitting data of the remitted radiation to an evaluation unit (10), • Evaluating (140) the protection factor in an evaluation wavelength range from the data of the remitted radiation in the evaluation unit (10).

25. Method (400) for determining a protection factor of a skin protection agent according to claim 24, characterized in that the evaluation unit (10) is arranged outside the protection factor evaluation handheld device (30).

26. Method (400) for determining a protection factor of a skin protection agent according to claim 25, characterized in that the evaluation unit (10) is a computer or a mobile radio device.

27. A method (400) for determining a protection factor of a skin protection agent according to one or more of claims 24 to 26, characterized in that the emitted radiation covers an irradiation wavelength range between 280 nm and 2000 nm, preferably 280 nm to 800 nm, particularly preferably the range from 280 nm to 500 nm. 28.Method (400) for determining a protection factor of a skin protection agent according to claim 27, characterized in that the evaluation wavelength range is different from the irradiation wavelength range.

29. A method (400) for determining a protection factor of a skin protection agent according to one or more of claims 24 to 28, characterized in that the protection factor of the protection agent is evaluated from the remitted radiation and a transmission spectrum.

30. A method (400) for determining a protection factor of a skin protection agent according to claim 29, characterized in that the data of the transmission spectrum for determining the protection factor are read (200) from a database of the evaluation unit (10).

31. A method (400) for determining a protection factor of a skin protection agent according to claim 30, characterized in that the data of the transmission spectrum for determining the protection factor are in silico data. 32.Method (400) for determining a protection factor of a skin protection agent according to one or more of claims 24 to 31, characterized in that the wavelength range of the transmission spectrum comprises the evaluation wavelength range.

33. Method (400) for determining a protection factor of a skin protection agent according to one or more of claims 24 to 32, characterized in that the evaluation wavelength comprises the wavelength range from 280 nm to 2000 nm, preferably the wavelength range from 280 nm to 800 nm or particularly preferably the wavelength range from 280 nm to 500 nm and / or the. Wavelength range from 400 nm to 500 nm and / or the wavelength range from 400 nm to 450 nm.

34. Method (400) for determining a protection factor of a skin protection agent according to one or more of claims 24 to 33, characterized in that the evaluation of the protective ability of the protective agent for light in a wavelength range from 400 nm to 500 nm is carried out in a separate method from the evaluation of the protective ability of the protective agent for light in a wavelength range from 280 nm to 400 nm.

35. A method (400) for determining a protection factor of a skin protection agent according to one or more of claims 24 to 34, characterized in that the evaluation of the protective ability of the protective agent for light in a wavelength range from 400 nm to 500 nm is carried out in a method different from the evaluation of the protective ability of the protective agent for light in a wavelength range from 280 nm to 400 nm.Method (400) for determining a protection factor of a skin protection agent according to one or more of claims 24 to 35, characterized in that the wavelength range of the irradiation wavelength or the wavelength range of the detection wavelength is smaller than the wavelength range of the evaluation wavelength.

37. Method (400) for determining a protection factor of a skin protection agent according to one or more of claims 24 to 36, characterized in that. the wavelength range of the irradiation wavelength or the wavelength range of the detection wavelength in the wavelength range of the evaluation wavelength is smaller than the wavelength range of the evaluation wavelength.

38. Method (400) for determining a protection factor of a skin protection agent according to one or more of claims 24 to 37, characterized in that the range of the irradiation wavelength and / or the wavelength range of the detection wavelength is less than 100 nm, preferably less than 50 nm, and particularly preferably less than 25 nm.

39. Method (400) for determining a protection factor of a skin protection agent according to one or more of claims 24 to 38, characterized in that the irradiation wavelength and / or the detection wavelength only comprises light with wavelengths outside the wavelength range of 400 nm to 450 nm. 40.Method (400) for determining a protection factor of a skin protection agent according to one or more of claims 24 to 39, characterized in that the irradiation wavelength and / or the detection wavelength comprises only light with wavelengths outside the wavelength range from 400 nm to 500 nm.

41. Method (400) for determining a protection factor of a skin protection agent according to one or more of claims 24 to 40, characterized in that the evaluation wavelength comprises wavelengths outside the wavelength range from 400 nm to 500 nm.

42. A method (400) for determining a protection factor of a skin protection agent according to one or more of claims 24 to 41, characterized in that the evaluation wavelength comprises wavelengths λ with λ < 400 nm.

43. A method (400) for determining a protection factor of a skin protection agent according to one or more of claims 24 to 42, characterized in that the evaluation wavelength comprises wavelengths λ with 320 nm < λ < 400 nm.

44. A method (400) for determining a protection factor of a skin protection agent according to one or more of claims 24 to 43, characterized in that the emission of radiation occurs from a single beam source (12.1), wherein the irradiation wavelength of the one beam source (12.1) comprises light in a wavelength range between 280 nm and 500 nm. 45.Method (400) for determining a protection factor of a skin protection agent according to one or more of claims 24 to 44, characterized in that the individual beam sources (12.1) are controllable.

46. Method (400) for determining a protection factor of a skin protection agent according to one or more of claims 24 to 45, characterized in that the beam source (12.1) is controlled by a beam source controller (12.1) and / or a control unit (2.1).

47. Method (400) for determining a protection factor of a skin protection agent according to one or more of claims 24 to 46. characterized in that the wavelength, the exposure time, and / or the intensity of the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the individual beam sources (12.1) is controlled by controlling the beam source (12.1).

48. Method (400) for determining a protection factor of a skin protection agent according to one or more of claims 24 to 47, characterized in that the transmission spectrum is adapted using the detected remitted radiation.

49. Method (400) for determining a protection factor of a skin protection agent according to one or more of claims 24 to 48, characterized in that the radiation is emitted (110) in vivo onto human skin.

50. Method (400) for determining a protection factor of a skin protection agent according to one or more of claims 24 to 49, characterized in that the evaluation (300) of the protective ability of the protective agent is carried out from two measurements. 51.Method (400) for determining a protection factor of a skin protection agent according to one or more of claims 24 to 50, characterized in that a first measurement is carried out before the application of the protection agent to the measuring body (3).

52. Method (400) for determining a protection factor of a skin protection agent according to one or more of claims 24 to 51. characterized in that a second measurement is carried out after the application (130) of the protective agent to the measuring body (3).

53. Method (400) for determining a protection factor of a skin protection agent according to one or more of claims 24 to 52, characterized in that the radiation source (12.1) generates polychromatic radiation, wherein the generated polychromatic radiation is radiated unfiltered onto the measuring body (3).

54. Method (400) for determining a protection factor of a skin protection agent according to one or more of claims 24 to 53, characterized in that the spectroscopic measurement (100) is carried out exclusively in vivo.

55. Method (400) for determining a protection factor of a skin protection agent according to one or more of claims 24 to 54, characterized in that if the measurement results of the reference measurement deviate from the calibration measurement by more than a threshold value, a message is output. 56.Method (400) for determining a protection factor of a skin protection agent according to one or more of claims 24 to 55, characterized in that the radiation is emitted from the measuring head (5) only if the measurement results of the reference measurement deviate from the calibration measurement below a threshold value.

57. Method (400) for determining a protection factor of a skin protection agent according to one or more of claims 24 to 56, characterized in that the radiation emitted by the LED penetrates into the measuring body and / or the photodiode detects the radiation remitted from the measuring body.

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