Method and device for transmitting and receiving synchronization signal block in multi-beam-based device-to-device communication

Abstract

Proposed is an operation method of a first device (100) in a wireless communication system. The method may comprise the steps of: receiving a first device-to-device synchronization signal block from a second device (200) on the basis of a first beam; acquiring synchronization information on the basis of the first device-to-device synchronization signal block; and transmitting a second device-to-device synchronization signal block including the synchronization information on the basis of a second beam different from the first beam on the basis that reference signal reception power related to the first device-to-device synchronization signal block is greater than or equal to a first threshold value.

Description

Method and device for transmitting and receiving synchronization signal blocks in terminal-to-terminal communication based on multi-beams

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a wireless communication system.

[0002] 5G NR, the successor to LTE (long-term evolution), is a new clean-slate mobile communications system characterized by high performance, low latency, and high availability. 5G NR can utilize all available spectrum resources, from low-frequency bands below 1 GHz, mid-frequency bands between 1 GHz and 10 GHz, and high-frequency (millimeter wave) bands above 24 GHz.

[0003] The 6G (wireless communication) system aims to achieve (i) very high data rates per device, (ii) a very large number of connected devices, (iii) global connectivity, (iv) very low latency, (v) low energy consumption for battery-free Internet of Things (IoT) devices, (vi) ultra-reliable connectivity, and (vii) connected intelligence with machine learning capabilities. The vision of the 6G system can be divided into four aspects: intelligent connectivity, deep connectivity, holographic connectivity, and ubiquitous connectivity, and the 6G system can satisfy the requirements as shown in Table 1 below. For example, Table 1 can represent an example of the requirements of a 6G system.

[0004] Peak data rate per device 1 Tbps E2E latency 1 ms Max spectral efficiency 100 bps / Hz Mobility support Up to 1000 km / hr Satellite integration Fully AI Fully Autonomous vehicles Fully XR Fully Haptic communications Fully

[0005] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a method that can be performed by a first device may be provided. For example, the method may include: receiving a first terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block from a second device based on a first beam; acquiring synchronization information based on the first terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block; and transmitting a second terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block including the synchronization information based on a second beam different from the first beam, based on a reference signal reception power associated with the first terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block being equal to or greater than a first threshold value.

[0006] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a first device may be provided. For example, the first device may include: at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, may cause the first device to: receive a first terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block from a second device based on a first beam; acquire synchronization information based on the first terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block; and transmit a second terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block including the synchronization information based on a second beam different from the first beam, based on a reference signal reception power associated with the first terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block being equal to or greater than a first threshold value.

[0007] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a processing device configured to control a first device may be provided. For example, the processing device may include: at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, based on being executed by the at least one processor, may cause the first device to: receive a first terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block from a second device based on a first beam; acquire synchronization information based on the first terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block; and transmit a second terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block including the synchronization information based on a second beam different from the first beam, based on a reference signal reception power associated with the first terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block being equal to or greater than a first threshold value.

[0008] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having instructions recorded thereon may be provided. For example, the instructions, when executed, may cause a first device to: receive a first terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block from a second device based on a first beam; acquire synchronization information based on the first terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block; and transmit a second terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block including the synchronization information based on a second beam different from the first beam based on a reference signal reception power associated with the first terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block being equal to or greater than a first threshold value.

[0009] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a method that a second device can perform may be provided. For example, the method comprises: transmitting a first terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block to a first device based on a first beam, wherein a synchronization signal is acquired by the first device based on the first terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block, and a second terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block including the synchronization signal can be transmitted by the first device based on a second beam different from the first beam based on a reference signal reception power associated with the first terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block being equal to or greater than a first threshold value.

[0010] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a second device may be provided. For example, the second device may include: at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the second device to: transmit a first terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block to a first device based on a first beam, wherein a synchronization signal is acquired by the first device based on the first terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block, and a second terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block including the synchronization signal may be transmitted by the first device based on a second beam different from the first beam based on a reference signal reception power associated with the first terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block being equal to or greater than a first threshold value.

[0011] FIG. 1 illustrates a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0012] FIG. 2 illustrates an electromagnetic spectrum according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0013] FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a typical scenario of an NTN based on a transparent payload, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0014] FIG. 4 illustrates an example of a typical scenario of an NTN based on a regenerative payload, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0015] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a sensing operation according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0016] FIG. 6 illustrates a slot structure of a frame according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0017] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a BWP according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0018] FIG. 8 illustrates a procedure for a terminal to perform V2X or SL communication according to a resource allocation mode, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0019] FIG. 9 illustrates a synchronization source or synchronization reference of V2X according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0020] FIG. 10 illustrates a transmission spatial filter and a reception spatial filter according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0021] FIG. 11 illustrates a method for determining whether a receiving spatial filter covers a transmitting spatial filter, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0022] FIG. 12 illustrates a method for determining mutually exclusive beam(s) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0023] FIG. 13 illustrates a device for relaying terminal-to-terminal synchronization signals using mutually exclusive beam(s), according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0024] FIG. 14 illustrates a procedure of an operation that can be performed by a first device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0025] FIG. 15 illustrates a procedure of an operation that can be performed by a second device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0026] Fig. 16 illustrates a communication system (1) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0027] FIG. 17 illustrates a wireless device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0028] FIG. 18 illustrates a signal processing circuit for a transmission signal according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0029] FIG. 19 illustrates a wireless device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0030] FIG. 20 illustrates a portable device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0031] FIG. 21 illustrates a vehicle or autonomous vehicle according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0032] As used herein, "A or B" can mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." In other words, as used herein, "A or B" can be interpreted as "A and / or B." For example, as used herein, "A, B or C" can mean "only A," "only B," "only C," or "any combination of A, B and C."

[0033] As used herein, a slash ( / ) or a comma can mean "and / or." For example, "A / B" can mean "A and / or B." Accordingly, "A / B" can mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." For example, "A, B, C" can mean "A, B, or C."

[0034] In this specification, "at least one of A and B" may mean "only A", "only B" or "both A and B". Additionally, in this specification, the expressions "at least one of A or B" or "at least one of A and / or B" may be interpreted identically to "at least one of A and B".

[0035] Additionally, in this specification, “at least one of A, B and C” can mean “only A,” “only B,” “only C,” or “any combination of A, B and C.” Additionally, “at least one of A, B or C” or “at least one of A, B and / or C” can mean “at least one of A, B and C.”

[0036] Additionally, parentheses used herein may mean "for example." Specifically, when indicated as "control information (PDCCH)", "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information." In other words, "control information" in this specification is not limited to "PDCCH," and "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information." Furthermore, even when indicated as "control information (i.e., PDCCH)", "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information."

[0037] In the following explanation, ‘when, if, in case of’ can be replaced with ‘based on’.

[0038] Technical features individually described in a single drawing in this specification may be implemented individually or simultaneously.

[0039] In this specification, higher layer parameters may be parameters that are set for the terminal, preset, or predefined. For example, a base station or network may transmit higher layer parameters to the terminal. For example, higher layer parameters may be transmitted via radio resource control (RRC) signaling or medium access control (MAC) signaling.

[0040] In this specification, "configured or defined" may be interpreted as being configured or preset to a device through predefined signaling (e.g., SIB, MAC, RRC) from a base station or network. In this specification, "configured or defined" may be interpreted as being preset to a device.

[0041] The technology proposed in this specification can be used in various wireless communication systems such as CDMA (code division multiple access), FDMA (frequency division multiple access), TDMA (time division multiple access), OFDMA (orthogonal frequency division multiple access), and SC-FDMA (single carrier frequency division multiple access). CDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as UTRA (universal terrestrial radio access) or CDMA2000. TDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as GSM (global system for mobile communications) / GPRS (general packet radio service) / EDGE (enhanced data rates for GSM evolution). OFDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802-20, E-UTRA (evolved UTRA), LTE (long term evolution), and 5G NR.

[0042] The technology proposed in this specification can be implemented with 6G wireless technology and applied to various 6G systems. For example, 6G systems can have key factors such as enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low latency communications (URLLC), massive machine-type communication (mMTC), artificial intelligence (AI) integrated communication, tactile internet, high throughput, high network capacity, high energy efficiency, low backhaul and access network congestion, and enhanced data security.

[0043] FIG. 1 illustrates a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 1 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0044] New network characteristics in 6G may include:

[0045] - Satellite integrated network

[0046] - Connected Intelligence: Unlike previous generations of wireless communication systems, 6G is revolutionary, upgrading the wireless evolution from "connected objects" to "connected intelligence." AI can be applied at every stage of the communication process (or at every signal processing step, as described below).

[0047] - Seamless integration of wireless information and energy transfer

[0048] - Ubiquitous super 3D connectivity: Access to networks and core network functions of drones and very low Earth orbit satellites will create super 3D connectivity in 6G ubiquitous.

[0049] Some general requirements for the new network characteristics of 6G, such as the above, may be as follows:

[0050] - small cell networks

[0051] - Ultra-dense heterogeneous network

[0052] - High-capacity backhaul

[0053] - Radar technology integrated with mobile technology: High-precision localization (or location-based services) through communications is a key feature of 6G wireless communication systems. Therefore, radar systems will be integrated with 6G networks.

[0054] - Softwarization and virtualization

[0055] Below, the core implementation technologies of the 6G system are described.

[0056] - Artificial Intelligence: Incorporating AI into communications can streamline and improve real-time data transmission. AI can use numerous analytics to determine how complex target tasks should be performed. This means AI can increase efficiency and reduce processing delays. Time-consuming tasks such as handovers, network selection, and resource scheduling can be performed instantly using AI. AI can also play a crucial role in machine-to-machine (M2M), machine-to-human, and human-to-machine communications. Furthermore, AI can facilitate rapid communication in brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). AI-based communication systems can be supported by metamaterials, intelligent structures, intelligent networks, intelligent devices, intelligent cognitive radios, self-sustaining wireless networks, and machine learning.

[0057] - THz communication (terahertz communication): Data rates can be increased by increasing the bandwidth. This can be achieved by utilizing sub-THz communication with a wide bandwidth and applying advanced massive MIMO technology. THz waves, also known as sub-millimeter waves, typically refer to the frequency range between 0.1 THz and 10 THz with corresponding wavelengths ranging from 0.03 mm to 3 mm. The 100 GHz to 300 GHz band (Sub-THz band) is considered a major portion of the THz band for cellular communications. Adding the Sub-THz band to the mmWave band will increase the capacity of 6G cellular communications. Among the defined THz bands, 300 GHz to 3 THz lies in the far infrared (IR) frequency band. While part of the optical band, the 300 GHz to 3 THz band lies at the boundary of the optical band, immediately following the RF band. Therefore, this 300 GHz to 3 THz band exhibits similarities to RF. Figure 2 illustrates the electromagnetic spectrum according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 2 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure. Key characteristics of THz communications include (i) widely available bandwidth to support very high data rates, and (ii) high path loss at high frequencies (highly directional antennas are essential). The narrow beamwidth generated by the highly directional antenna reduces interference. The small wavelength of THz signals allows for a much larger number of antenna elements to be integrated into devices and base stations operating in this band. This enables the use of advanced adaptive array technologies to overcome range limitations.

[0058] - Large-scale MIMO technology

[0059] - Hologram beamforming (HBF)

[0060] - Optical wireless technology

[0061] - Free-space optical transmission backhaul network (FSO backhaul network)

[0062] - Quantum communication

[0063] - Cell-free communication

[0064] - Integration of wireless information and power transmission

[0065] - Integration of wireless communication and sensing

[0066] - Integrated access and backhaul network

[0067] - Big data analysis

[0068] - Reconfigurable intelligent surface

[0069] - metaverse

[0070] - Block chain

[0071] Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs): UAVs, or drones, will be a key element in 6G wireless communications. In most cases, high-speed data wireless connectivity can be provided using UAV technology. Base stations (BSs) can be installed on UAVs to provide cellular connectivity. UAVs may offer specific capabilities not found in fixed BS infrastructure, such as easy deployment, robust line-of-sight links, and controlled mobility. During emergencies such as natural disasters, deploying terrestrial communications infrastructure is not economically feasible and sometimes cannot provide services in volatile environments. UAVs can easily handle these situations. UAVs will become a new paradigm in wireless communications. This technology facilitates three fundamental requirements for wireless networks: enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), URLLC, and mMTC. UAVs can also support various purposes, such as enhancing network connectivity, fire detection, disaster emergency services, security and surveillance, pollution monitoring, parking monitoring, and accident monitoring. Therefore, UAV technology is recognized as one of the most important technologies for 6G communications.

[0072] - Advanced air mobility (AAM): AAM is a higher concept than urban air mobility (UAM), which is an air transportation method available in urban areas, and can refer to a means of transportation that includes movement between regional hubs as well as urban areas.

[0073] - Autonomous driving (self-driving): V2X (vehicle to everything), a key element in building autonomous driving infrastructure, can be a technology that allows cars to communicate and share with various elements on the road for autonomous driving, such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) wireless communication. Fast transmission speeds and low-latency technologies are essential to maximize autonomous driving performance and ensure high safety. Furthermore, in the future, autonomous driving will go beyond simply providing warnings or guidance messages to drivers and may require active intervention in vehicle operation and direct control of the vehicle in dangerous situations. To this end, the amount of information that needs to be transmitted and received may become enormous, so 6G is expected to maximize autonomous driving with faster transmission speeds and lower latency than 5G.

[0074] - Non-terrestrial networks (NTN): NTN may refer to a network or network segment that uses radio frequency (RF) resources mounted on a satellite (or unmanned aerial system (UAS) platform). FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a typical NTN scenario based on a transparent payload according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 4 illustrates an example of a typical NTN scenario based on a regenerative payload according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiments of FIG. 3 or FIG. 4 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 3, a satellite (or UAS platform) may create a service link with a UE. The satellite (or UAS platform) may be connected to a gateway via a feeder link. The satellite may be connected to a data network via the gateway. A beam footprint may refer to an area where a signal transmitted by a satellite can be received. Referring to Figure 4, a satellite (or UAS platform) can establish a service link with a UE. A satellite (or UAS platform) connected to a UE can be connected to another satellite (or UAS platform) via an inter-satellite link (ISL). The other satellite (or UAS platform) can be connected to a gateway via a feeder link. Based on the playback payload, a satellite can be connected to a data network through another satellite and the gateway. If an ISL does not exist between a satellite and another satellite, a feeder link between the satellite and the gateway may be required. Figures 3 and 4 are merely examples of NTN scenarios, and NTN can be implemented based on various scenarios.For example, a satellite (or UAS platform) may implement a transparent or regenerative (with onboard processing) payload. For example, a satellite (or UAS platform) may generate multiple beams over a designated service area depending on the field of view of the satellite (or UAS platform). For example, the field of view of the satellite (or UAS platform) may vary depending on the onboard antenna diagram and minimum elevation angle. For example, a transparent payload may include radio frequency filtering, frequency conversion, and amplification. Therefore, the waveform signal repeated by the payload may not be altered. For example, a regenerative payload may include radio frequency filtering, frequency conversion and amplification, demodulation / decoding, switching and / or routing, and coding / modulation. For example, a regenerative payload may be substantially equivalent to equipping the satellite (or UAS platform) with all or part of the base station functionality.

[0075] - Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC): Wireless sensing is a technology that uses radio frequencies to determine the instantaneous linear velocity, angle, distance (range), etc. of an object, thereby obtaining information about the characteristics of the environment and / or objects within the environment. Because radio frequency sensing does not require a device to connect to the object through a network, it can provide a service for object positioning without a device. The ability to obtain range, velocity, and angle information from radio frequency signals can enable a wide range of new capabilities, such as various object detection, object recognition (e.g., vehicles, humans, animals, UAVs), and high-precision localization, tracking, and activity recognition. Wireless sensing services can provide information to a variety of industries (e.g., drones, smart homes, V2X, factories, railways, public safety, etc.), enabling applications such as intruder detection, assisted vehicle steering and navigation, trajectory tracking, collision avoidance, traffic management, and health and traffic management. In some cases, wireless sensing can utilize non-3GPP type sensors (e.g., radar, cameras) to further support 3GPP-based sensing. For example, the operation of a wireless sensing service, i.e., a sensing operation, may depend on the transmission, reflection, and scattering of wireless sensing signals. Therefore, wireless sensing may provide an opportunity to enhance existing communication systems from a communication network to a wireless communication and sensing network. FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a sensing operation according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 5 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure. Specifically, FIG. 5 (a) illustrates an example of sensing using a sensing receiver and a sensing transmitter located at the same location (e.g., monostatic sensing), and FIG. 5 (b) illustrates an example of sensing using a separated sensing receiver and a sensing transmitter (e.g., bistatic sensing).

[0076] The layers of the radio interface protocol between the terminal and the network can be divided into L1 (layer 1), L2 (layer 2), and L3 (layer 3) based on the three lower layers of the Open System Interconnection (OSI) standard model, which is widely known in communication systems. Among these, the physical layer belonging to layer 1 provides an information transfer service using a physical channel, and the RRC (Radio Resource Control) layer located in layer 3 controls radio resources between the terminal and the network. To this end, the RRC layer exchanges RRC messages between the terminal and the base station.

[0077] The physical layer provides information transmission services to higher layers using physical channels. The physical layer is connected to the upper layer, the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer, via a transport channel. Data travels between the MAC layer and the physical layer through the transport channel. Transport channels are classified based on how and with what characteristics data is transmitted over the wireless interface.

[0078] Data travels between different physical layers, i.e., between the physical layers of a transmitter and a receiver, via a physical channel. This physical channel can be modulated using Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) and utilizes time and frequency as radio resources.

[0079] The MAC layer provides services to the upper layer, the radio link control (RLC) layer, through logical channels. The MAC layer provides mapping from multiple logical channels to multiple transport channels. Furthermore, the MAC layer provides logical channel multiplexing, which maps multiple logical channels to a single transport channel. The MAC sublayer provides data transmission services on logical channels.

[0080] The RLC layer performs the concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC Service Data Units (SDUs). To guarantee the various Quality of Service (QoS) required by radio bearers (RBs), the RLC layer provides three operating modes: Transparent Mode (TM), Unacknowledged Mode (UM), and Acknowledged Mode (AM). AM RLC provides error correction through automatic repeat request (ARQ).

[0081] The RRC (Radio Resource Control) layer is defined only in the control plane. The RRC layer is responsible for controlling logical channels, transport channels, and physical channels, related to the configuration, reconfiguration, and release of radio bearers. RB refers to a logical path provided by Layer 1 (physical layer or PHY layer) and Layer 2 (MAC layer, RLC layer, Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer, and Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) layer) for data transmission between the terminal and the network.

[0082] The functions of the PDCP layer in the user plane include the transmission of user data, header compression, and ciphering. The functions of the PDCP layer in the control plane include the transmission of control plane data and encryption / integrity protection.

[0083] The Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) layer is defined only in the user plane. It performs mapping between QoS flows and data radio bearers, marking QoS flow identifiers (IDs) within downlink and uplink packets, and more.

[0084] Establishing a Radio Bearer (RB) refers to the process of defining the characteristics of the radio protocol layer and channel to provide a specific service, and setting specific parameters and operating methods for each. RBs can be further divided into two types: the Signaling Radio Bearer (SRB) and the Data Radio Bearer (DRB). The SRB is used as a channel to transmit RRC messages in the control plane, while the DRB is used as a channel to transmit user data in the user plane.

[0085] When an RRC connection is established between the RRC layer of the terminal and the RRC layer of the base station, the terminal is in the RRC_CONNECTED state. Otherwise, it is in the RRC_IDLE state. For NR, the RRC_INACTIVE state is additionally defined, and a terminal in the RRC_INACTIVE state can maintain a connection with the core network while releasing the connection with the base station.

[0086] Downlink transmission channels that transmit data from the network to the terminal include the Broadcast Channel (BCH), which transmits system information, and the downlink Shared Channel (SCH), which transmits user traffic or control messages. Traffic or control messages for downlink multicast or broadcast services may be transmitted through the downlink SCH or a separate downlink Multicast Channel (MCH). Meanwhile, uplink transmission channels that transmit data from the terminal to the network include the Random Access Channel (RACH), which transmits initial control messages, and the uplink Shared Channel (SCH), which transmits user traffic or control messages.

[0087] Logical channels that are located above the transport channel and are mapped to the transport channel include the Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH), Paging Control Channel (PCCH), Common Control Channel (CCCH), Multicast Control Channel (MCCH), and Multicast Traffic Channel (MTCH).

[0088] Radio frames can be used for uplink and downlink transmission. A radio frame has a length of 10 ms and can be defined as two 5 ms half-frames (HF). A half-frame can contain five 1 ms subframes (SF). A subframe can be divided into one or more slots, and the number of slots within a subframe can be determined by the subcarrier spacing (SCS). Each slot can contain 12 or 14 OFDM (A) symbols, depending on the cyclic prefix (CP).

[0089] When normal CP is used, each slot can contain 14 symbols. When extended CP is used, each slot can contain 12 symbols. Here, the symbols can include OFDM symbols (or CP-OFDM symbols), SC-FDMA (Single Carrier - FDMA) symbols (or DFT-s-OFDM (Discrete Fourier Transform-spread-OFDM) symbols).

[0090] Table 2 below shows the number of symbols per slot (N) depending on the SCS setting (u) when normal CP or extended CP is used. slot symb ), number of slots per frame (N frame,u slot ) and the number of slots per subframe (N subframe,u slot ) is an example.

[0091] CP type SCS (15*2 u )N slot symb N frame,u slot N subframe,u slot Normal CP15kHz (u=0)1410130kHz (u=1)1420260kHz (u=2)14404120kHz (u=3)14808240kHz (u=4)1416016Extended CP60kHz (u=2)12404

[0092] FIG. 6 illustrates a slot structure of a frame according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 6 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0093] Referring to FIG. 6, a slot includes multiple symbols in the time domain.

[0094] A carrier includes multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. An RB (Resource Block) can be defined as multiple (e.g., 12) consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. A BWP (Bandwidth Part) can be defined as multiple consecutive (P)RBs ((Physical) Resource Blocks) in the frequency domain, and can correspond to one numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.). A carrier can include up to N (e.g., 5) BWPs. Data communication can be performed through activated BWPs. Each element can be referred to as a Resource Element (RE) in the resource grid, and one complex symbol can be mapped to it.

[0095] A Bandwidth Part (BWP) can be a contiguous set of physical resource blocks (PRBs) for a given numerology. A PRB can be selected from a contiguous subset of common resource blocks (CRBs) for a given numerology on a given carrier.

[0096] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a BWP according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 7 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure. In the embodiment of FIG. 7, it is assumed that there are three BWPs.

[0097] Referring to Figure 7, a common resource block (CRB) may be a carrier resource block numbered from one end of a carrier band to the other. Furthermore, a PRB may be a numbered resource block within each BWP. Point A may indicate a common reference point for the resource block grid.

[0098] BWP is point A, offset from point A (N startBWP ) and bandwidth (N size BWP ) can be set by. For example, point A can be an outer reference point of the PRB of a carrier where subcarrier 0 of all numerologies (e.g., all numerologies supported by the network on that carrier) aligns. For example, the offset can be the PRB spacing between the lowest subcarrier in a given numerology and point A. For example, the bandwidth can be the number of PRBs in a given numerology.

[0099] SLSS (Sidelink Synchronization Signal) is a SL (sidelink) specific sequence and may include PSSS (Primary Sidelink Synchronization Signal) and SSSS (Secondary Sidelink Synchronization Signal). The PSSS may be referred to as S-PSS (Sidelink Primary Synchronization Signal) and the SSSS may be referred to as S-SSS (Sidelink Secondary Synchronization Signal). For example, length-127 M-sequences may be used for S-PSS and length-127 Gold sequences may be used for S-SSS. For example, a terminal may detect an initial signal (signal detection) and obtain synchronization using S-PSS. For example, the terminal can obtain detailed synchronization using S-PSS and S-SSS and detect a synchronization signal ID.

[0100] PSBCH (Physical Sidelink Broadcast Channel) may be a (broadcast) channel that transmits basic (system) information that a terminal must know first before transmitting or receiving an SL signal. For example, the basic information may be information related to SLSS, duplex mode (DM), TDD UL / DL (Time Division Duplex Uplink / Downlink) configuration, resource pool-related information, type of application related to SLSS, subframe offset, broadcast information, etc. For example, in order to evaluate PSBCH performance, in NR V2X, the payload size of PSBCH may be 56 bits, including a 24-bit CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check).

[0101] S-PSS, S-SSS and PSBCH may be included in a block format supporting periodic transmission (e.g., SL SS (Synchronization Signal) / PSBCH block, hereinafter referred to as S-SSB (Sidelink-Synchronization Signal Block)). The S-SSB may have the same numerology (i.e., SCS and CP length) as the PSCCH (Physical Sidelink Control Channel) / PSSCH (Physical Sidelink Shared Channel) in the carrier, and the transmission bandwidth may be within a (pre-)configured SL BWP (Sidelink BWP). For example, the bandwidth of the S-SSB may be 11 RBs (Resource Blocks). For example, the PSBCH may span 11 RBs. And, the frequency location of the S-SSB may be (pre-)configured. Therefore, the terminal does not need to perform hypothesis detection in the frequency to discover the S-SSB in the carrier.

[0102] In this specification, PSCCH may be replaced by a control channel, a physical control channel, a sidelink-related control channel, a sidelink-related physical control channel, etc. In this specification, PSSCH may be replaced by a shared channel, a physical shared channel, a sidelink-related shared channel, a sidelink-related physical shared channel, etc.

[0103] FIG. 8 illustrates a procedure for a terminal to perform V2X or SL communication according to a resource allocation mode, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 8 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0104] Referring to (a) of FIG. 8, in resource allocation mode 1, the base station may schedule SL resources to be used by the terminal for SL transmission. For example, in step S800, the base station may transmit information related to SL resources and / or information related to UL resources to the first terminal. For example, the UL resources may include PUCCH resources and / or PUSCH resources. For example, the UL resources may be resources for reporting SL HARQ feedback to the base station.

[0105] For example, a first terminal may receive information related to a dynamic grant (DG) resource and / or information related to a configured grant (CG) resource from a base station. For example, a CG resource may include a CG type 1 resource or a CG type 2 resource. In this specification, a DG resource may be a resource that a base station configures / allocates to the first terminal via downlink control information (DCI). In this specification, a CG resource may be a (periodic) resource that a base station configures / allocates to the first terminal via DCI and / or an RRC message. For example, in the case of a CG type 1 resource, the base station may transmit an RRC message including information related to the CG resource to the first terminal. For example, in the case of a CG type 2 resource, the base station may transmit an RRC message including information related to the CG resource to the first terminal, and the base station may transmit a DCI related to activation or release of the CG resource to the first terminal.

[0106] In step S810, the first terminal may transmit a PSCCH (e.g., Sidelink Control Information (SCI) or 1st-stage SCI) to the second terminal based on the resource scheduling. In step S820, the first terminal may transmit a PSSCH (e.g., 2nd-stage SCI, MAC PDU, data, etc.) related to the PSCCH to the second terminal. In step S830, the first terminal may receive a PSFCH related to the PSCCH / PSSCH from the second terminal. For example, HARQ feedback information (e.g., NACK information or ACK information) may be received from the second terminal via the PSFCH. In step S840, the first terminal may transmit / report HARQ feedback information to the base station via a PUCCH or a PUSCH. For example, the HARQ feedback information reported to the base station may be information generated by the first terminal based on the HARQ feedback information received from the second terminal. For example, the HARQ feedback information reported to the base station may be information generated by the first terminal based on a rule set in advance. For example, the DCI may be DCI for scheduling SL.

[0107] Referring to (b) of FIG. 8, in resource allocation mode 2, the terminal can determine SL transmission resources within SL resources set by the base station / network or preset SL resources. For example, the set SL resources or preset SL resources may be a resource pool. For example, the terminal can autonomously select or schedule resources for SL transmission. For example, the terminal can perform SL communication by selecting resources by itself within the set resource pool. For example, the terminal can select resources by itself within a selection window by performing sensing and resource (re)selection procedures. For example, the sensing can be performed on a subchannel basis. For example, in step S810, the first terminal that has selected resources by itself within the resource pool transmits PSCCH (e.g., SCI (Sidelink Control Information) or 1) using the resources. st -stage SCI) can be transmitted to the second terminal. In step S820, the first terminal transmits the PSSCH (e.g., 2) related to the PSCCH. nd -stage SCI, MAC PDU, data, etc.) can be transmitted to the second terminal. In step S830, the first terminal can receive a PSFCH related to the PSCCH / PSSCH from the second terminal.

[0108] Referring to (a) or (b) of FIG. 8, for example, a first terminal may transmit an SCI to a second terminal on a PSCCH. Or, for example, the first terminal may transmit two consecutive SCIs (e.g., 2-stage SCIs) to the second terminal on the PSCCH and / or the PSSCH. In this case, the second terminal may decode the two consecutive SCIs (e.g., 2-stage SCIs) to receive the PSSCH from the first terminal. In the present specification, an SCI transmitted on a PSCCH is 1 st SCI, 1st SCI, 1st -stage SCI or 1 st -stage SCI format, and the SCI transmitted on the PSSCH is 2 nd SCI, 2nd SCI, 2 nd -stage SCI or 2 nd -It can be called a stage SCI format.

[0109] Referring to (a) or (b) of FIG. 8, in step S830, the first terminal may receive a PSFCH. For example, the first terminal and the second terminal may determine PSFCH resources, and the second terminal may use the PSFCH resources to transmit HARQ feedback to the first terminal.

[0110] Referring to (a) of FIG. 8, in step S840, the first terminal may transmit SL HARQ feedback to the base station via PUCCH and / or PUSCH.

[0111] Below, we describe synchronization acquisition of an SL terminal. For example, an SL terminal may refer to a terminal that performs terminal-to-terminal communication (e.g., SL communication).

[0112] In time division multiple access (e.g., TDMA) and frequency division multiple access (e.g., FDMA) systems, accurate time and frequency synchronization is essential. If time and frequency synchronization is not accurate, system performance may be degraded due to inter-symbol interference (ISI) and inter-carrier interference (ICI). This also applies to V2X. In V2X, for time / frequency synchronization, a terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal (e.g., SL synchronization signal; sidelink synchronization signal, SLSS) can be used in the physical layer, and a master information block-sidelink-V2X (MIB-SL-V2X) can be used in the radio link control (RLC) layer.

[0113] FIG. 9 illustrates a synchronization source or synchronization reference of V2X according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 9 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0114] Referring to Fig. 9, in V2X, a terminal can be directly synchronized to a global navigation satellite system (GNSS), or can be indirectly synchronized to a GNSS through a terminal (within network coverage or outside network coverage) that is directly synchronized to a GNSS. When a GNSS is set as a synchronization source, the terminal can calculate the DFN and subframe number using the Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) and a (pre-)configured DFN offset.

[0115] Alternatively, the terminal may be synchronized directly to the base station, or may be synchronized to another terminal that is time / frequency synchronized to the base station. For example, the base station may be an eNB or a gNB. For example, if the terminal is within network coverage, the terminal may receive synchronization information provided by the base station and be synchronized directly to the base station. Thereafter, the terminal may provide the synchronization information to other adjacent terminals. If the base station timing is set as the synchronization reference, the terminal may follow the cell associated with the frequency (if within cell coverage at the frequency), the primary cell, or the serving cell (if outside cell coverage at the frequency) for synchronization and downlink measurements.

[0116] A base station (e.g., a serving cell) can provide synchronization settings for a carrier used for V2X or terminal-to-terminal communication (e.g., SL communication). In this case, the terminal can follow the synchronization settings received from the base station. If the terminal does not detect any cell on the carrier used for the V2X or SL communication and does not receive synchronization settings from the serving cell, the terminal can follow the preset synchronization settings.

[0117] Alternatively, the terminal may synchronize with another terminal that has not obtained synchronization information directly or indirectly from the base station or GNSS. The synchronization source and preference may be preset for the terminal. Alternatively, the synchronization source and preference may be set via a control message provided by the base station.

[0118] An SL synchronization source can be associated with a synchronization priority. For example, the relationship between a synchronization source and a synchronization priority can be defined as shown in Table 3 or Table 4 below. Table 3 or Table 4 is merely an example, and the relationship between a synchronization source and a synchronization priority can be defined in various forms.

[0119] Priority Levels GNSS-based synchronization Base station-based synchronization (eNB / gNB-based synchronization) P0 GNSS Base station P1 All terminals directly synchronized to GNSS All terminals directly synchronized to the base station P2 All terminals indirectly synchronized to GNSS All terminals indirectly synchronized to the base station P3 All other terminals GNSS SP4 All terminals directly synchronized to N / AGNSS P5 All terminals indirectly synchronized to N / AGNSS P6 N / A All other terminals

[0120] Priority Levels GNSS-based synchronization Base station-based synchronization (eNB / gNB-based synchronization) P0 GNSS Base station P1 All terminals directly synchronized to GNSS All terminals directly synchronized to the base station P2 All terminals indirectly synchronized to GNSS All terminals indirectly synchronized to the base station P3 Base station GNSS SP4 All terminals directly synchronized to the base station All terminals directly synchronized to GNSS P5 All terminals indirectly synchronized to the base station All terminals indirectly synchronized to GNSS P6 Remaining terminal(s) with lower priority Remaining terminal(s) with lower priority

[0121] In Table 3 or Table 4, P0 may mean the highest priority, and P6 may mean the lowest priority. In Table 3 or Table 4, the base station may include at least one of a gNB or an eNB.

[0122] Whether GNSS-based or base station-based synchronization is used can be (pre-)configured. In single-carrier operation, the terminal can derive its transmission timing from the available synchronization reference with the highest priority.

[0123] Meanwhile, each terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal (e.g., SLSS) may have a terminal-to-terminal synchronization identifier (e.g., SL synchronization identifier; Sidelink Synchronization Identifier, SLSS ID).

[0124] For example, in case of LTE terminal-to-terminal communication (e.g., SL communication) or LTE V2X, the value of the terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal identifier (e.g., SLSS) can be defined based on a combination of two different terminal-to-terminal primary synchronization signal (e.g., S-PSS) sequences and 168 different terminal-to-terminal secondary synchronization signal (e.g., S-SSS) sequences. For example, the number of terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal identifiers (e.g., SLSS) can be 336. For example, the value of the terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal identifier (e.g., SLSS) can be any one of 0 to 335.

[0125] For example, in case of NR terminal-to-terminal communication (e.g., SL communication) or NR V2X, the value of the terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal identifier (e.g., SLSS) can be defined based on a combination of two different terminal-to-terminal primary synchronization signal (e.g., S-PSS) sequences and 336 different terminal-to-terminal secondary synchronization signal (e.g., S-SSS) sequences. For example, the number of terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal identifiers (e.g., SLSS) can be 672. For example, the value of the terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal identifier (e.g., SLSS) can be any one of 0 to 671. For example, among two different terminal-to-terminal primary synchronization signals (e.g., S-PSS), one terminal-to-terminal primary synchronization signal (e.g., S-PSS) may be associated with in-coverage, and the other terminal-to-terminal primary synchronization signal (e.g., S-PSS) may be associated with out-of-coverage. For example, terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal identifiers (e.g., SLSS) of 0 to 335 may be used in-coverage, and terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal identifiers (e.g., SLSS) of 336 to 671 may be used out-of-coverage.

[0126] FIG. 10 illustrates a transmission spatial filter and a reception spatial filter according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 10 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0127] Referring to FIG. 10, a reception spatial filter (1001) used by a receiving terminal for a reception operation and a transmission spatial filter (1011) used by a transmitting terminal for a transmission operation are shown.

[0128] For example, a receiving spatial filter can only pass signals with the same beam direction as 1003. That is, the receiving terminal can only receive transmissions performed based on a beam having a direction of 1003.

[0129] Therefore, transmissions of 1006 transmitted based on a beam having a different beam direction from that of 1003 may not pass through the reception spatial filter. Signal 1004, which is transmitted based on a beam having the same beam direction as that of 1003, may pass through the reception spatial filter and be received by the receiving terminal.

[0130] For example, a receiving spatial filter may have a beam size / thickness of 1002 and may only pass signals performed based on beams that fall within the beam size / thickness. That is, a receiving terminal may only receive transmissions performed based on beams that have a size / thickness that falls within the size / thickness of 1002.

[0131] Accordingly, among the signal components transmitted based on a beam having a size / thickness greater than that of 1002, transmissions of 1005 that contact the reception spatial filter outside the size / thickness of 1002 may not pass through the reception spatial filter. Since 1004 contacted the reception spatial filter within a range included in the size / thickness of 1002, it can pass through the reception spatial filter and be received by the reception terminal. On the other hand, since 1005 contacted the reception spatial filter outside the size / thickness of 1002, it cannot pass through the reception spatial filter and be received by the reception terminal.

[0132] For example, 1004 can be received by the receiving terminal because it is in contact with the receiving spatial filter within a range included in the size / thickness of 1002 and has the same beam direction (1003) as that passed by the receiving spatial filter. Here, for example, if the transmissions of 1004 are all components transmitted based on a specific beam (i.e., if all signal components transmitted together with 1004 are successfully received by the receiving terminal), the receiving spatial filter may be a spatial filter that covers the transmission spatial filter associated with the specific beam.

[0133] For example, a transmission spatial filter can only pass signals having the same beam direction as 1013. That is, when a transmission terminal performs a transmission operation based on the transmission spatial filter, all signal components (1014) that pass through the transmission spatial filter and are ultimately transmitted can have the direction of 1013.

[0134] Therefore, transmissions of 1016 transmitted based on a beam direction different from that of 1013 may not pass through the transmission spatial filter. Signal components of 1014 having the same beam direction as 1013 may pass through the transmission spatial filter and be transmitted to the receiving terminal.

[0135] For example, a transmission spatial filter may have a beam size / thickness of 1012 and may only pass signal components included within the beam size / thickness. That is, when a transmission terminal performs a transmission operation based on the transmission spatial filter, only signal components included within the size / thickness of 1012 may pass through the transmission spatial filter and be ultimately transmitted.

[0136] Therefore, signal components that are not included in the size / thickness of 1012 may not pass through the transmission spatial filter. Since 1014 is a signal component included in the size / thickness of 1012, it can pass through the transmission spatial filter and be transmitted to the receiving terminal. On the other hand, since 1015 is a signal component that is not included in the size / thickness of 1012, it cannot pass through the transmission spatial filter and cannot be transmitted to the receiving terminal.

[0137] For example, 1014 is the same as the beam direction (1013) that the transmission spatial filter passes through, and is signal components included in the size / thickness of 1012, and can be transmitted to the receiving terminal. Here, for example, if the transmissions of 1014 all pass through the receiving spatial filter that the receiving terminal uses for receiving operation (i.e., if the direction of the signal components of 1014 is the same as the beam direction related to the receiving spatial filter, and the signal components of 1014 are all included in the size / thickness of the receiving spatial filter), the receiving spatial filter may be a spatial filter that covers the transmission spatial filter of 1011.

[0138] FIG. 11 illustrates a method for determining whether a receiving spatial filter covers a transmitting spatial filter, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 11 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0139] Referring to FIG. 11, a reception spatial filter (1101) used by a receiving terminal for a reception operation and a transmission spatial filter (1111) used by a transmitting terminal for a transmission operation are shown.

[0140] For example, the direction of the signal component that the receiving spatial filter passes may be 1103, and the direction of the signal components that are transmitted through the transmitting spatial filter may be 1113. For example, the receiving beam direction associated with the receiving spatial filter may be 1103, and the transmitting beam direction associated with the transmitting spatial filter may be 1113.

[0141] For example, the size / thickness of the receiving spatial filter may be 1102. That is, the receiving spatial filter passes only signal components included within 1102, and only signal components that pass through the receiving spatial filter can be received by the receiving terminal.

[0142] For example, the size / thickness of the transmission spatial filter may be 1112. That is, the transmission spatial filter passes only signal components included within 1112, and only signal components that pass through the transmission spatial filter can be transmitted to the receiving terminal.

[0143] 1121 and 1122 are cross-sectional views of the size / thickness of the transmission spatial filter or the size / thickness of the reception spatial filter.

[0144] For example, if the above 1121 is the size / thickness of the transmission spatial filter, the above 1122 is the size / thickness of the reception spatial filter, and since the above 1122 is included in the above 1121, the size / thickness of the transmission spatial filter is larger than the size / thickness of the reception spatial filter, so some of the signal components transmitted to the receiving terminal through the transmission spatial filter may not pass through the reception spatial filter. In this case, the reception spatial filter may be a spatial filter that does not cover the transmission spatial filter.

[0145] Conversely, for example, if the 1121 is the size / thickness of the receiving spatial filter, the 1122 is the size / thickness of the transmitting spatial filter, and since the 1122 is included in the 1121, the size / thickness of the transmitting spatial filter is smaller than the size / thickness of the receiving spatial filter, so all signal components transmitted to the receiving terminal through the transmitting spatial filter can pass through the receiving spatial filter. In this case, the receiving spatial filter may be a spatial filter that covers the transmitting spatial filter.

[0146] 1131 represents the receiving beam direction related to 1103, that is, the receiving spatial filter, and 1132 represents the transmitting beam direction related to 1113, that is, the transmitting spatial filter. For example, only when 1131 and 1132 are horizontal as shown in the drawing, all signal components transmitted by the transmitting terminal based on the transmitting spatial filter can pass through the receiving spatial filter. Therefore, only when 1131 and 1132 are horizontal, when all signal components transmitted to the receiving terminal by passing through the transmitting spatial filter pass through the receiving spatial filter, the receiving spatial filter can be said to be a spatial filter that covers the transmitting spatial filter.

[0147] Meanwhile, in the case of terminal-to-terminal communication (e.g., SL communication), the terminal may perform transmission and / or reception based on multiple panels and / or beam directions, in which case, a method for managing spatial settings such as beam-related information (beams in the beam direction) or spatial domain transmission / reception filters may need to be defined. In the following, the terminal may be interpreted as being interchangeable / substituted with various devices including a transceiver, and the terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB) may be interpreted as being interchangeable / substituted with the device-to-device synchronization signal block.

[0148] Meanwhile, in the case of base station-to-terminal communication (e.g., DL communication), the base station could instruct the terminal about antenna port QCL (quasi-co-location) information through a transmission configuration indicator (e.g., TCI; transmission configuration indicator), and in particular, when a base station-to-terminal communication (e.g., DL communication) signal is received through 'typeD', the base station could set / instruct whether the terminal assumes the same spatial RX parameter or the same beam information as a specific synchronization signal block (e.g., SSB; synchronization signal block) or channel state information reference signal (e.g., CSI-RS).

[0149] Meanwhile, in case of terminal-to-base station communication (e.g., UL communication), the base station could set / instruct the terminal to follow the spatial configuration or spatial domain transmission filter for terminal-to-base station physical shared channel (e.g., PUSCH) transmission, the spatial configuration used when transmitting a physical random access channel (e.g., PRACH) and / or receiving a signal on base station-to-terminal communication (e.g., DL communication) using the terminal's specific sounding reference signal (e.g., SRS) transmission resource, or the spatial configuration used when receiving a signal on the physical random access channel (e.g., PRACH).

[0150] Meanwhile, in terminal-to-terminal communication (e.g., SL communication), if a terminal is located at a distance greater than a certain level (or, threshold value, or, threshold distance) from a synchronization source, the terminal may transmit a terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB), thereby expanding an area with the same synchronization. For example, the distance may include a radio or geographical distance.

[0151] And / or, for example, the terminal may perform terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB) transmission when configured by the base station, through which the area having the same synchronization may be expanded.

[0152] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, when a terminal receives a terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB) corresponding to a first transmission beam (or transmitted based on the first transmission beam) (or based on a reception beam corresponding to the first transmission beam) from another terminal, the terminal may transmit the terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB).

[0153] And / or, for example, if a quality measurement value based on the terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB) is less than or equal to a first threshold value, the terminal may transmit the terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB). For example, the quality measurement value may include a reference signal reception power (e.g., RSRP) or a signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (e.g., (L1-)SINR).

[0154] And / or, for example, if the quality measurement value based on the terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB) is equal to or exceeds a second threshold value, the terminal may transmit the terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB). For example, the quality measurement value may include a reference signal reception power (e.g., RSRP) or a signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (e.g., (L1-)SINR).

[0155] And / or, for example, if the quality measurement value based on the terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB) is less than or equal to a first threshold value and greater than or equal to a second threshold value, the terminal may transmit the terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB). For example, the quality measurement value may include a reference signal reception power (e.g., RSRP), or a signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (e.g., (L1-)SINR).

[0156] For example, the transmission beam (e.g., the second transmission beam) that the terminal uses to transmit the terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB) may be determined based on the reception beam that the terminal uses when receiving the terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB) corresponding to the first transmission beam.

[0157] For example, the second transmission beam may include a beam that is identical to or related to the first transmission beam, a beam corresponding to or related to a beam having an opposite direction to the first transmission beam, a beam(s) that is(are) mutually exclusive to the first transmission beam, or a beam(s) that is(are) less related to the first transmission beam.

[0158] For example, the beam(s) that are mutually exclusive with the first transmission beam (or beam(s) that have a low correlation with the first transmission beam) may mean beam(s) that do not cover each other. For example, the mutually exclusive beam(s) may mean beam(s) in which the ratio of the area where the beam directions overlap is less than a threshold value.

[0159] FIG. 12 illustrates a method for determining mutually exclusive beam(s) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 12 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0160] Referring to Fig. 12, the first beam direction, which is the beam direction of the first beam, and the second beam direction, which is the beam direction of the second beam, are shown. Assuming that there is a circle that is perpendicular to the first beam direction expressed on the left side of Fig. 12 and has an area of ​​A, assuming that there is a circle that is perpendicular to the second beam direction and has the same area of ​​A, and assuming that the angle formed by the first beam direction and the second beam direction is B, the area of ​​the colored ellipse expressed on the right side of Fig. 12 may be A cos B. Here, the ratio of the area where the beam directions overlap may be the ratio of A to A cos B. That is, the ratio of the area where the beam directions overlap is cos B, which may be a value obtained by applying a cosine function to the angle formed by each beam direction.

[0161] For example, the transmission beam for the terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB) transmitted by the terminal may be selected in a direction that further expands the coverage of the terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB) received by the terminal.

[0162] FIG. 13 illustrates a device for relaying a terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal using mutually exclusive beam(s), according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 13 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0163] Referring to FIG. 13, a second device transmitting a first device-to-device synchronization signal and a first device receiving the first device-to-device synchronization signal are illustrated. In FIG. 13, the second device is illustrated as a base station, but the features of the second device of the present embodiment can be extended to other devices (e.g., terminals) capable of performing device-to-device communication.

[0164] In step S1310, the second device can transmit the first device-to-device synchronization signal to the first device based on a second beam (transmit beam). Here, the first device can receive the first device-to-device synchronization signal based on a first beam (receive beam). For example, the first device can measure a reference signal reception power (e.g., RSRP) for the first device-to-device synchronization signal.

[0165] For example, the first device may determine whether to perform relaying for the first device-to-device synchronization signal based on a reference signal reception power (e.g., RSRP) for the first device-to-device synchronization signal and at least one threshold value. For example, whether to perform the relaying may be determined according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. In the present embodiment, it is assumed that the relaying is performed.

[0166] In step S1320, the first device may transmit a second device-to-device synchronization signal, which includes synchronization information acquired from the first device-to-device synchronization signal, to a third device based on a third beam (transmission beam). The transmission operation may be a relaying operation. For example, the third beam may be a beam(s) that is mutually exclusive with the first beam (or the second beam). For example, the third beam may be a beam that does not mutually cover the first beam (or the second beam).

[0167] Thereafter, the third device, which has received the second device-to-device synchronization signal, has obtained the same synchronization information even though it is a device that cannot directly receive the device-to-device synchronization signal from the second device (based on differences in beam directions, non-coverage of the receiving and transmitting beams, and / or mutual exclusivity of the receiving and transmitting beams), so that the coverage of the synchronization started from the first device can be expanded through the relay operation of the present embodiment.

[0168] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a terminal relaying a terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB) can transmit or relay the terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB) based on a received terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB) in a single or multiple terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB) occasion(s). For example, a terminal relaying a terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB) can transmit or relay the terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB) based on a received terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB) in a single or multiple terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB) occasion(s). For example, a terminal relaying a terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB) may transmit or relay the terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB) at a single or multiple terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB) opportunity(s) based on the received terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB).

[0169] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a transmission beam for a terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB) transmitted by a terminal (a terminal that has received a terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB) from another terminal) may be different depending on a (beam) quality or quality range for the terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB) received by the terminal.

[0170] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, whether and how to transmit a transmission beam and / or relay a terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB) transmitted by a terminal (a terminal that receives a terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB) from another terminal) may differ depending on the purpose of transmitting the terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB) (e.g., synchronization purpose and / or beam management, etc.).

[0171] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the first threshold value and / or the second threshold value may be (pre-)set for each terminal-to-terminal carrier (e.g., SL carrier) and / or each terminal-to-terminal partial bandwidth (e.g., SL BWP).

[0172] For example, the second threshold value may be less than or equal to the first threshold value. This may be to prevent the terminal from performing terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB) relaying when the beam quality is too low.

[0173] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, when a base station is a synchronization reference of a terminal, the terminal can transmit a terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB), and the transmission beam used when transmitting the terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB) can be determined by the terminal.

[0174] And / or, for example, if a quality measurement value based on a reference signal transmitted by a base station (e.g., reference signal reception power (e.g., RSRP)) is less than or equal to a (pre-)configured threshold value, the terminal may transmit a terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB), and the transmission beam used when transmitting the terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB) may be determined by the terminal.

[0175] And / or, for example, if the terminal has (pre-)configured transmission of a terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB) from the base station, the terminal may transmit the terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB), and the transmission beam used when transmitting the terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB) may be determined by the terminal.

[0176] And / or, for example, if the terminal has GNSS as a synchronization reference, the terminal may transmit a terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB), and the transmission beam used when transmitting the terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB) may be determined by the terminal.

[0177] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, when a terminal transmits a terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB) using a specific transmission beam, resources to be used for transmission of the terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB) may be selected from among terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB) resources having a quality value of the terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB) measured based on a reception beam associated with the transmission beam that is equal to or lower than a certain level (or threshold value). For example, the quality value may include a reference signal reception power (e.g., RSRP) value, or a signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (e.g., (L1-)SINR) value.

[0178] For example, the terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB) resource may be classified as sl-ssb-TimeAllocation1, sl-ssb-TimeAllocation2, or sl-ssb-TimeAllocation3.

[0179] Although the embodiments of the present disclosure describe a method for transmitting and relaying a terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB), the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and the spirit of the present disclosure can be extended and applied to a third reference signal (RS) or a channel state information reference signal (e.g., CSI-RS). For example, although the entities transmitting and receiving a terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB) are described as terminals in the embodiments of the present disclosure, embodiments related to entities transmitting and receiving a terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB) can be extended and applied to a device including a transceiver.

[0180] The various methods of the present disclosure can be applied differently by unicast session (group), by cast type, by transmission priority value, by reception priority value, by terminal-to-terminal transmission (e.g., SL transmission) with terminal-to-terminal feedback (e.g., SL HARQ-ACK feedback) enabled / disabled, by terminal-to-terminal feedback (e.g., SL HARQ-ACK feedback) option, by QoS parameter, by (remaining) PDB, by congestion control level, by (transmission and / or reception) resource pool, by terminal mobility-related information (e.g., speed, velocity, direction, acceleration, position, height, etc.), by terminal-to-terminal communication (e.g., SL communication) transmission or reception, by HARQ process, by Beam process, by source ID, by destination ID and / or by transport block (e.g., TB).

[0181] For example, in embodiments of the present disclosure, units of (pre-)configuration may be configured in the form of the above-described different combinations. For example, in embodiments of the present disclosure, parameter indication and management via terminal-to-terminal physical channels (e.g., PSCCH and / or PSSCH) may be performed in units of the above-described different combinations.

[0182] In various embodiments of the present disclosure, spatial setting and / or transmission configuration indication (e.g., TCI; transmission configuration indication) information and / or QCL information may refer to each other, and / or may be interpreted as being replaced with beam-related information, beam direction, spatial domain transmission or reception filter, etc.

[0183] In various embodiments of the present disclosure, the same spatial configuration information for transmission may mean that the spatial domain TX filter of the terminal is the same for two different transmission signals.

[0184] In various embodiments of the present disclosure, having the same spatial setup information for reception may mean that two different reception signals are in a QCL 'TypeD' relationship and / or use the same spatial reception parameters.

[0185] In various embodiments of the present disclosure, (pre)configuration may mean pre-configuration (based on signaling from a server or at the time of product shipment), configuration from a base station, and / or configuration via PC5-RRC between terminals.

[0186] The various features described in this disclosure may be applied differently to different terminal-to-terminal channels (e.g., SL channels). The various methods of this disclosure may be applied differently depending on the type of information contained in the terminal-to-terminal channel (e.g., SL channel).

[0187] The proposed method can be applied to the device described below. First, the processor (202) of the receiving terminal can set at least one partial bandwidth (e.g., BWP). Then, the processor (202) of the receiving terminal can control the transceiver (206) of the receiving terminal to receive a physical channel related to terminal-to-terminal communication (e.g., SL communication) and / or a reference signal related to terminal-to-terminal communication (e.g., SL communication) from the transmitting terminal on at least one partial bandwidth (e.g., BWP).

[0188] For example, when terminal-to-terminal communication (e.g., SL communication) is performed in FR2, the terminal may perform transmission and / or reception operations based on multiple panels and / or beam directions. The terminal performing terminal-to-terminal communication may transmit and receive terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal blocks (e.g., S-SSB) to synchronize with a receiving terminal. In FR2, since the transmission beam / reception beam can be applied to the terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB) operation, a method for performing terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB) relay operation to expand a synchronization cluster may need to be defined here.

[0189] For example, it may be necessary to determine the transmission beam to be used when a terminal relays a terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB) received from another node. For example, relaying a terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB) using a transmission beam in a direction with good reception beam quality for the terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB) may be inefficient in terms of expanding the coverage of the terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB).

[0190] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a terminal that receives and relays a terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB) may, when receiving the terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB) and the quality of a reception beam used for the reception is above a certain level, relay the terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB) through a beam that does not cover the corresponding beam. According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, when relaying the terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB), a transmission beam may be set in a direction that increases coverage. For example, a transmission beam may be set in a direction opposite to a direction of a reception beam with good quality.

[0191] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, the relaying of a terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB) can be extended in a direction where the reception beam quality is poor, thereby saving unnecessary transmission power consumption and enabling efficient expansion of a synchronization cluster. According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, the selection of a transmission beam for increasing the coverage of a terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block (e.g., S-SSB) can be efficiently performed.

[0192] FIG. 14 illustrates a procedure for an operation that may be performed by a first device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 14 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0193] Referring to FIG. 14, in step S1410, a first device may receive a first terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block from a second device based on a first beam. In step S1420, the first device may obtain synchronization information based on the first terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block. In step S1430, the first device may transmit a second terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block including the synchronization information based on a second beam different from the first beam based on a reference signal reception power related to the first terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block being equal to or greater than a first threshold value.

[0194] For example, the second beam may be a beam that does not cover the first beam.

[0195] For example, the ratio of the overlap between the direction of the second beam and the direction of the first beam may be less than or equal to a threshold value.

[0196] For example, the first threshold value may be set for each carrier on which the first terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block is received.

[0197] For example, the first threshold value may be set for each partial bandwidth over which the first terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block is received.

[0198] For example, the second terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block may be transmitted based on the reference signal reception power associated with the first terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block being greater than or equal to the first threshold value and less than or equal to the second threshold value.

[0199] For example, the second threshold value may be set for each carrier on which the first terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block is received.

[0200] For example, the second threshold value may be set for each partial bandwidth over which the first terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block is received.

[0201] For example, the second threshold value may be a value less than or equal to the first threshold value.

[0202] For example, the second device may be a base station or a global navigation satellite system (GNSS).

[0203] For example, additionally, the first device may determine to use the second beam for transmission of the second terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block.

[0204] For example, the second beam may be determined to be used for transmission of the second terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block based on a reference signal reception power measured based on a third beam corresponding to the second beam being greater than or equal to a second threshold value.

[0205] For example, the above method can be performed by a first device.

[0206] The above-described embodiment can be applied to various devices described below. First, the processor (102) of the first device (100) can control the transceiver (106) to receive a first terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block from the second device (200) based on a first beam. Then, the processor (102) of the first device (100) can obtain synchronization information based on the first terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block. Then, the processor (102) of the first device (100) can control the transceiver (106) to transmit a second terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block including the synchronization information based on a second beam different from the first beam, based on a reference signal reception power related to the first terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block being equal to or greater than a first threshold value.

[0207] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a first device may be provided. For example, the first device may include: at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, may cause the first device to: receive a first terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block from a second device based on a first beam; acquire synchronization information based on the first terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block; and transmit a second terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block including the synchronization information based on a second beam different from the first beam, based on a reference signal reception power associated with the first terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block being equal to or greater than a first threshold value.

[0208] For example, the second beam may be a beam that does not cover the first beam.

[0209] For example, the ratio of the overlap between the direction of the second beam and the direction of the first beam may be less than or equal to a threshold value.

[0210] For example, the first threshold value may be set for each carrier on which the first terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block is received.

[0211] For example, the first threshold value may be set for each partial bandwidth over which the first terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block is received.

[0212] For example, the second terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block may be transmitted based on the reference signal reception power associated with the first terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block being greater than or equal to the first threshold value and less than or equal to the second threshold value.

[0213] For example, the second threshold value may be set for each carrier on which the first terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block is received.

[0214] For example, the second threshold value may be set for each partial bandwidth over which the first terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block is received.

[0215] For example, the second threshold value may be a value less than or equal to the first threshold value.

[0216] For example, the second device may be a base station or a global navigation satellite system (GNSS).

[0217] For example, additionally, the commands may cause the first device to: determine to use the second beam for transmission of the second terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block.

[0218] For example, the second beam may be determined to be used for transmission of the second terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block based on a reference signal reception power measured based on a third beam corresponding to the second beam being greater than or equal to a second threshold value.

[0219] For example, the above method can be performed by a first device.

[0220] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a processing device configured to control a first device may be provided. For example, the processing device may include: at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, based on being executed by the at least one processor, may cause the first device to: receive a first terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block from a second device based on a first beam; acquire synchronization information based on the first terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block; and transmit a second terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block including the synchronization information based on a second beam different from the first beam, based on a reference signal reception power associated with the first terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block being equal to or greater than a first threshold value.

[0221] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having instructions recorded thereon may be provided. For example, the instructions, when executed, may cause a first device to: receive a first terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block from a second device based on a first beam; acquire synchronization information based on the first terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block; and transmit a second terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block including the synchronization information based on a second beam different from the first beam based on a reference signal reception power associated with the first terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block being equal to or greater than a first threshold value.

[0222] FIG. 15 illustrates a procedure of an operation that may be performed by a second device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 15 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0223] Referring to FIG. 15, in step S1510, the second device can transmit a first terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block to the first device based on the first beam. For example, a synchronization signal is acquired by the first device based on the first terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block, and a second terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block including the synchronization signal can be transmitted by the first device based on a second beam different from the first beam based on a reference signal reception power related to the first terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block being equal to or greater than a first threshold value.

[0224] For example, the second beam may be a beam that does not cover the first beam.

[0225] The above-described embodiment can be applied to various devices described below. First, the processor (202) of the second device (200) can control the transceiver (206) to transmit a first terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block based on a first beam to the first device (100). For example, a synchronization signal is acquired by the first device (100) based on the first terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block, and a second terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block including the synchronization signal can be transmitted by the first device (100) based on a second beam different from the first beam based on a reference signal reception power related to the first terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block being equal to or greater than a first threshold value.

[0226] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a second device may be provided. For example, the second device may include: at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the second device to: transmit a first terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block to a first device based on a first beam, wherein a synchronization signal is acquired by the first device based on the first terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block, and a second terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block including the synchronization signal may be transmitted by the first device based on a second beam different from the first beam based on a reference signal reception power associated with the first terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block being equal to or greater than a first threshold value.

[0227] For example, the second beam may be a beam that does not cover the first beam.

[0228] The various embodiments of the present disclosure may be combined with each other.

[0229] Below, a description is given of devices to which various embodiments of the present disclosure can be applied.

[0230] Although not limited thereto, the various descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document may be applied to various fields requiring wireless communication / connectivity (e.g., 5G) between devices.

[0231] Hereinafter, more specific examples will be provided with reference to the drawings. In the drawings / descriptions below, the same drawing reference numerals may represent identical or corresponding hardware blocks, software blocks, or functional blocks, unless otherwise described.

[0232] Fig. 16 illustrates a communication system (1) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of Fig. 16 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0233] Referring to FIG. 16, a communication system (1) to which various embodiments of the present disclosure are applied includes a wireless device, a base station, and a network. Here, the wireless device refers to a device that performs communication using a wireless access technology (e.g., 5G NR (New RAT), LTE (Long Term Evolution)) and may be referred to as a communication / wireless / 5G device. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device may include a robot (100a), a vehicle (100b-1, 100b-2), an XR (eXtended Reality) device (100c), a hand-held device (100d), a home appliance (100e), an IoT (Internet of Things) device (100f), and an AI device / server (400). For example, the vehicle may include a vehicle equipped with a wireless communication function, an autonomous vehicle, a vehicle capable of performing vehicle-to-vehicle communication, etc. Here, the vehicle may include an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) (e.g., a drone) and / or an Aerial Vehicle (AV) (e.g., an Advanced Air Mobility (AAM)). The XR device may include an Augmented Reality (AR) / Virtual Reality (VR) / Mixed Reality (MR) device, and may be implemented in the form of a Head-Mounted Device (HMD), a Head-Up Display (HUD) equipped in a vehicle, a television, a smartphone, a computer, a wearable device, a home appliance, a digital signage, a vehicle, a robot, etc. The portable device may include a smartphone, a smart pad, a wearable device (e.g., a smart watch, smart glasses), a computer (e.g., a laptop, etc.), etc. The home appliance may include a TV, a refrigerator, a washing machine, etc. The IoT device may include a sensor, a smart meter, etc. For example, a base station and a network may also be implemented as a wireless device, and a specific wireless device (200a) may operate as a base station / network node to other wireless devices.

[0234] Here, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of the present specification may include not only LTE, NR, and 6G, but also Narrowband Internet of Things for low-power communication. At this time, for example, NB-IoT technology may be an example of LPWAN (Low Power Wide Area Network) technology, and may be implemented with standards such as LTE Cat NB1 and / or LTE Cat NB2, and is not limited to the above-described names. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of the present specification may perform communication based on LTE-M technology. At this time, for example, LTE-M technology may be an example of LPWAN technology, and may be called by various names such as eMTC (enhanced Machine Type Communication). For example, LTE-M technology can be implemented by at least one of various standards such as 1) LTE CAT 0, 2) LTE Cat M1, 3) LTE Cat M2, 4) LTE non-BL (non-Bandwidth Limited), 5) LTE-MTC, 6) LTE Machine Type Communication, and / or 7) LTE M, and is not limited to the above-described names. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of the present specification can include at least one of ZigBee, Bluetooth, and Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) considering low-power communication, and is not limited to the above-described names. For example, ZigBee technology can create personal area networks (PAN) related to small / low-power digital communication based on various standards such as IEEE 802.15.4, and can be called by various names.

[0235] Wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to a network (300) via a base station (200). Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology can be applied to the wireless devices (100a to 100f), and the wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to an AI server (400) via the network (300). The network (300) can be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, a 5G (e.g., NR) network, etc. The wireless devices (100a to 100f) can communicate with each other via the base station (200) / network (300), but can also communicate directly (e.g., sidelink communication) without going through the base station / network. For example, vehicles (100b-1, 100b-2) can communicate directly (e.g., V2V (Vehicle to Vehicle) / V2X (Vehicle to Everything) communication). In addition, IoT devices (e.g., sensors) can communicate directly with other IoT devices (e.g., sensors) or other wireless devices (100a to 100f).

[0236] Wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can be established between wireless devices (100a~100f) / base stations (200), and base stations (200) / base stations (200). Here, wireless communication / connection can be achieved through various wireless access technologies (e.g., 5G NR) such as uplink / downlink communication (150a), sidelink communication (150b) (or, D2D communication), and communication between base stations (150c) (e.g., relay, IAB (Integrated Access Backhaul). Through wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c), wireless devices and base stations / wireless devices, and base stations and base stations can transmit / receive wireless signals to each other. For example, wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can transmit / receive signals through various physical channels. To this end, at least some of various configuration information setting processes for transmitting / receiving wireless signals, various signal processing processes (e.g., channel encoding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, resource mapping / demapping, etc.), and resource allocation processes can be performed based on various proposals of the present disclosure.

[0237] FIG. 17 illustrates a wireless device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 17 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0238] Referring to FIG. 17, the first wireless device (100) and the second wireless device (200) can transmit and receive wireless signals via various wireless access technologies (e.g., LTE, NR). Here, {the first wireless device (100), the second wireless device (200)} can correspond to {the wireless device (100x), the base station (200)} and / or {the wireless device (100x), the wireless device (100x)} of FIG. 16.

[0239] A first wireless device (100) includes one or more processors (102) and one or more memories (104), and may further include one or more transceivers (106) and / or one or more antennas (108). The processor (102) controls the memories (104) and / or the transceivers (106), and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. For example, the processor (102) may process information in the memory (104) to generate first information / signal, and then transmit a wireless signal including the first information / signal via the transceiver (106). Furthermore, the processor (102) may receive a wireless signal including second information / signal via the transceiver (106), and then store information obtained from signal processing of the second information / signal in the memory (104). The memory (104) may be connected to the processor (102) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (102). For example, the memory (104) may perform some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (102), or may store software code including commands for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. Here, the processor (102) and the memory (104) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement a wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). The transceiver (106) may be connected to the processor (102) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals via one or more antennas (108). The transceiver (106) may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver (106) may be used interchangeably with an RF (Radio Frequency) unit. In the present disclosure, a wireless device may also mean a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0240] A second wireless device (200) includes one or more processors (202), one or more memories (204), and may further include one or more transceivers (206) and / or one or more antennas (208). The processor (202) controls the memories (204) and / or the transceivers (206), and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. For example, the processor (202) may process information in the memory (204) to generate third information / signals, and then transmit a wireless signal including the third information / signals via the transceivers (206). In addition, the processor (202) may receive a wireless signal including fourth information / signals via the transceivers (206), and then store information obtained from signal processing of the fourth information / signals in the memory (204). The memory (204) may be connected to the processor (202) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (202). For example, the memory (204) may perform some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (202), or may store software code including commands for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. Here, the processor (202) and the memory (204) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). The transceiver (206) may be connected to the processor (202) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals via one or more antennas (208). The transceiver (206) may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver (206) may be used interchangeably with an RF unit. In the present disclosure, a wireless device may also mean a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0241] Hereinafter, the hardware elements of the wireless device (100, 200) will be described in more detail. Although not limited thereto, one or more protocol layers may be implemented by one or more processors (102, 202). For example, one or more processors (102, 202) may implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, RRC, SDAP). One or more processors (102, 202) may generate one or more Protocol Data Units (PDUs) and / or one or more Service Data Units (SDUs) according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. One or more processors (102, 202) may generate messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. One or more processors (102, 202) can generate signals (e.g., baseband signals) including PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data or information according to the functions, procedures, proposals and / or methods disclosed herein, and provide the signals to one or more transceivers (106, 206). One or more processors (102, 202) can receive signals (e.g., baseband signals) from one or more transceivers (106, 206) and obtain PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein.

[0242] One or more processors (102, 202) may be referred to as a controller, a microcontroller, a microprocessor, or a microcomputer. One or more processors (102, 202) may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. For example, one or more Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), one or more Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), one or more Digital Signal Processing Devices (DSPDs), one or more Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs), or one or more Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) may be included in one or more processors (102, 202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software, and the firmware or software may be implemented to include modules, procedures, functions, etc. The descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software configured to perform one or more processors (102, 202) or stored in one or more memories (104, 204) and executed by one or more processors (102, 202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software in the form of codes, instructions and / or sets of instructions.

[0243] One or more memories (104, 204) may be coupled to one or more processors (102, 202) and may store various forms of data, signals, messages, information, programs, codes, instructions, and / or commands. The one or more memories (104, 204) may be configured as ROM, RAM, EPROM, flash memory, hard drives, registers, cache memory, computer-readable storage media, and / or combinations thereof. The one or more memories (104, 204) may be located internally and / or externally to the one or more processors (102, 202). Additionally, the one or more memories (104, 204) may be coupled to the one or more processors (102, 202) via various technologies, such as wired or wireless connections.

[0244] One or more transceivers (106, 206) can transmit user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as mentioned in the methods and / or flowcharts of this document, to one or more other devices. One or more transceivers (106, 206) can receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or flowcharts of this document, from one or more other devices. For example, one or more transceivers (106, 206) can be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) and can transmit and receive wireless signals. For example, one or more processors (102, 202) can control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to transmit user data, control information, or wireless signals to one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more processors (102, 202) may control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to receive user data, control information, or wireless signals from one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be coupled to one or more antennas (108, 208), and one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, or the like, as referred to in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein, via one or more antennas (108, 208). In this document, one or more antennas may be multiple physical antennas or multiple logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). One or more transceivers (106, 206) can convert received user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. from RF band signals to baseband signals in order to process the received user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. using one or more processors (102, 202).One or more transceivers (106, 206) may convert user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. processed by one or more processors (102, 202) from baseband signals to RF band signals. For this purpose, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may include an (analog) oscillator and / or filter.

[0245] FIG. 18 illustrates a signal processing circuit for a transmission signal according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 18 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0246] Referring to FIG. 18, the signal processing circuit (1000) may include a scrambler (1010), a modulator (1020), a layer mapper (1030), a precoder (1040), a resource mapper (1050), and a signal generator (1060). Although not limited thereto, the operations / functions of FIG. 18 may be performed in the processor (102, 202) and / or the transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 17. The hardware elements of FIG. 18 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) and / or the transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 17. For example, blocks 1010 to 1060 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) of FIG. 17. Additionally, blocks 1010 to 1050 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) of FIG. 17, and block 1060 may be implemented in the transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 17.

[0247] The codeword can be converted into a wireless signal through the signal processing circuit (1000) of FIG. 18. Here, the codeword is an encoded bit sequence of an information block. The information block may include a transport block (e.g., an UL-SCH transport block, a DL-SCH transport block). The wireless signal may be transmitted through various physical channels (e.g., a PUSCH or a PDSCH).

[0248] Specifically, the codeword can be converted into a bit sequence scrambled by a scrambler (1010). The scramble sequence used for scrambling is generated based on an initialization value, and the initialization value may include ID information of the wireless device, etc. The scrambled bit sequence can be modulated into a modulation symbol sequence by a modulator (1020). The modulation method may include pi / 2-BPSK (pi / 2-Binary Phase Shift Keying), m-PSK (m-Phase Shift Keying), m-QAM (m-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation), etc. The complex modulation symbol sequence can be mapped to one or more transmission layers by a layer mapper (1030). The modulation symbols of each transmission layer can be mapped to the corresponding antenna port(s) by a precoder (1040) (precoding). The output z of the precoder (1040) can be obtained by multiplying the output y of the layer mapper (1030) by a precoding matrix W of N*M. Here, N is the number of antenna ports, and M is the number of transmission layers. Here, the precoder (1040) can perform precoding after performing transform precoding (e.g., DFT transform) on complex modulation symbols. In addition, the precoder (1040) can perform precoding without performing transform precoding.

[0249] The resource mapper (1050) can map modulation symbols of each antenna port to time-frequency resources. The time-frequency resources can include multiple symbols (e.g., CP-OFDMA symbols, DFT-s-OFDMA symbols) in the time domain and multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. The signal generator (1060) generates a wireless signal from the mapped modulation symbols, and the generated wireless signal can be transmitted to another device through each antenna. To this end, the signal generator (1060) can include an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) module, a Cyclic Prefix (CP) inserter, a Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC), a frequency uplink converter, etc.

[0250] The signal processing process for receiving signals in a wireless device can be configured in reverse order of the signal processing process (1010 to 1060) of FIG. 18. For example, a wireless device (e.g., 100, 200 of FIG. 17) can receive wireless signals from the outside through an antenna port / transceiver. The received wireless signals can be converted into baseband signals through a signal restorer. For this purpose, the signal restorer can include a frequency downlink converter, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), a CP remover, and a fast Fourier transform (FFT) module. Thereafter, the baseband signal can be restored to a codeword through a resource demapper process, a postcoding process, a demodulation process, and a descrambling process. The codewords can be restored to the original information blocks through decoding. Accordingly, a signal processing circuit (not shown) for a received signal may include a signal restorer, a resource de-mapper, a postcoder, a demodulator, a de-scrambler, and a decoder.

[0251] Figure 19 illustrates a wireless device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The wireless device may be implemented in various forms depending on the use case / service (see Figure 16). The embodiment of Figure 19 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0252] Referring to FIG. 19, the wireless device (100, 200) corresponds to the wireless device (100, 200) of FIG. 17 and may be composed of various elements, components, units / units, and / or modules. For example, the wireless device (100, 200) may include a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a memory unit (130), and an additional element (140). The communication unit may include a communication circuit (112) and a transceiver(s) (114). For example, the communication circuit (112) may include one or more processors (102, 202) and / or one or more memories (104, 204) of FIG. 17. For example, the transceiver(s) (114) may include one or more transceivers (106, 206) and / or one or more antennas (108, 208) of FIG. 17. The control unit (120) is electrically connected to the communication unit (110), the memory unit (130), and the additional elements (140) and controls the overall operation of the wireless device. For example, the control unit (120) may control the electrical / mechanical operation of the wireless device based on the program / code / command / information stored in the memory unit (130). In addition, the control unit (120) may transmit information stored in the memory unit (130) to an external device (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless / wired interface through the communication unit (110), or store information received from an external device (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless / wired interface in the memory unit (130).

[0253] The additional element (140) may be configured in various ways depending on the type of the wireless device. For example, the additional element (140) may include at least one of a power unit / battery, an input / output unit (I / O unit), a driving unit, and a computing unit. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device may be implemented in the form of a robot (Fig. 16, 100a), a vehicle (Fig. 16, 100b-1, 100b-2), an XR device (Fig. 16, 100c), a portable device (Fig. 16, 100d), a home appliance (Fig. 16, 100e), an IoT device (Fig. 16, 100f), a digital broadcasting terminal, a hologram device, a public safety device, an MTC device, a medical device, a fintech device (or a financial device), a security device, a climate / environmental device, an AI server / device (Fig. 16, 400), a base station (Fig. 16, 200), a network node, etc. Wireless devices may be mobile or stationary depending on the use / service.

[0254] In FIG. 19, various elements, components, units / parts, and / or modules within the wireless device (100, 200) may be interconnected entirely via a wired interface, or at least some may be wirelessly connected via a communication unit (110). For example, within the wireless device (100, 200), the control unit (120) and the communication unit (110) may be wired, and the control unit (120) and the first unit (e.g., 130, 140) may be wirelessly connected via the communication unit (110). In addition, each element, component, unit / part, and / or module within the wireless device (100, 200) may further include one or more elements. For example, the control unit (120) may be composed of one or more processor sets. For example, the control unit (120) may be composed of a set of a communication control processor, an application processor, an electronic control unit (ECU), a graphics processing processor, a memory control processor, etc. As another example, the memory unit (130) may be composed of a random access memory (RAM), a dynamic RAM (DRAM), a read only memory (ROM), a flash memory, a volatile memory, a non-volatile memory, and / or a combination thereof.

[0255] Below, the implementation example of Fig. 19 is described in more detail with reference to the drawings.

[0256] FIG. 20 illustrates a mobile device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The mobile device may include a smartphone, a smart pad, a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch, smartglasses), or a portable computer (e.g., a laptop, etc.). The mobile device may be referred to as a Mobile Station (MS), a User Terminal (UT), a Mobile Subscriber Station (MSS), a Subscriber Station (SS), an Advanced Mobile Station (AMS), or a Wireless Terminal (WT). The embodiment of FIG. 20 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0257] Referring to FIG. 20, the portable device (100) may include an antenna unit (108), a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a memory unit (130), a power supply unit (140a), an interface unit (140b), and an input / output unit (140c). The antenna unit (108) may be configured as a part of the communication unit (110). Blocks 110 to 130 / 140a to 140c correspond to blocks 110 to 130 / 140 of FIG. 19, respectively.

[0258] The communication unit (110) can transmit and receive signals (e.g., data, control signals, etc.) with other wireless devices and base stations. The control unit (120) can control components of the mobile device (100) to perform various operations. The control unit (120) can include an AP (Application Processor). The memory unit (130) can store data / parameters / programs / codes / commands required for operating the mobile device (100). In addition, the memory unit (130) can store input / output data / information, etc. The power supply unit (140a) supplies power to the mobile device (100) and can include a wired / wireless charging circuit, a battery, etc. The interface unit (140b) can support connection between the mobile device (100) and other external devices. The interface unit (140b) can include various ports (e.g., audio input / output ports, video input / output ports) for connection with external devices. The input / output unit (140c) can input or output video information / signals, audio information / signals, data, and / or information input from a user. The input / output unit (140c) may include a camera, a microphone, a user input unit, a display unit (140d), a speaker, and / or a haptic module.

[0259] For example, in the case of data communication, the input / output unit (140c) obtains information / signals (e.g., touch, text, voice, image, video) input by the user, and the obtained information / signals can be stored in the memory unit (130). The communication unit (110) converts the information / signals stored in the memory into wireless signals, and can directly transmit the converted wireless signals to other wireless devices or to a base station. In addition, the communication unit (110) can receive wireless signals from other wireless devices or base stations, and then restore the received wireless signals to the original information / signals. The restored information / signals can be stored in the memory unit (130) and then output in various forms (e.g., text, voice, image, video, haptic) through the input / output unit (140c).

[0260] FIG. 21 illustrates a vehicle or autonomous vehicle according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The vehicle or autonomous vehicle may be implemented as a mobile robot, a car, a train, a manned or unmanned aerial vehicle (AV), a ship, or the like. The embodiment of FIG. 21 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0261] Referring to FIG. 21, a vehicle or autonomous vehicle (100) may include an antenna unit (108), a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a driving unit (140a), a power supply unit (140b), a sensor unit (140c), and an autonomous driving unit (140d). The antenna unit (108) may be configured as a part of the communication unit (110). Blocks 110 / 130 / 140a to 140d correspond to blocks 110 / 130 / 140 of FIG. 19, respectively.

[0262] The communication unit (110) can transmit and receive signals (e.g., data, control signals, etc.) with external devices such as other vehicles, base stations (e.g., base stations, road side units, etc.), and servers. The control unit (120) can control elements of the vehicle or autonomous vehicle (100) to perform various operations. The control unit (120) can include an ECU (Electronic Control Unit). The drive unit (140a) can drive the vehicle or autonomous vehicle (100) on the ground. The drive unit (140a) can include an engine, a motor, a power train, wheels, brakes, a steering device, etc. The power supply unit (140b) supplies power to the vehicle or autonomous vehicle (100) and can include a wired / wireless charging circuit, a battery, etc. The sensor unit (140c) can obtain vehicle status, surrounding environment information, user information, etc. The sensor unit (140c) may include an IMU (inertial measurement unit) sensor, a collision sensor, a wheel sensor, a speed sensor, an incline sensor, a weight detection sensor, a heading sensor, a position module, a vehicle forward / backward sensor, a battery sensor, a fuel sensor, a tire sensor, a steering sensor, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, an illuminance sensor, a pedal position sensor, etc. The autonomous driving unit (140d) may implement a technology for maintaining a driving lane, a technology for automatically controlling speed such as adaptive cruise control, a technology for automatically driving along a set path, a technology for automatically setting a path and driving when a destination is set, etc.

[0263] For example, the communication unit (110) can receive map data, traffic information data, etc. from an external server. The autonomous driving unit (140d) can generate an autonomous driving route and driving plan based on the acquired data. The control unit (120) can control the drive unit (140a) so that the vehicle or autonomous vehicle (100) moves along the autonomous driving route according to the driving plan (e.g., speed / direction control). During autonomous driving, the communication unit (110) can irregularly / periodically acquire the latest traffic information data from an external server and can acquire surrounding traffic information data from surrounding vehicles. In addition, during autonomous driving, the sensor unit (140c) can acquire vehicle status and surrounding environment information. The autonomous driving unit (140d) can update the autonomous driving route and driving plan based on newly acquired data / information. The communication unit (110) can transmit information regarding the vehicle location, autonomous driving route, driving plan, etc. to the external server. External servers can predict traffic information data in advance using AI technology or other technologies based on information collected from vehicles or autonomous vehicles, and provide the predicted traffic information data to the vehicles or autonomous vehicles.

[0264] The claims set forth in this specification may be combined in various ways. For example, the technical features of the method claims of this specification may be combined and implemented as a device, and the technical features of the device claims of this specification may be combined and implemented as a method. Furthermore, the technical features of the method claims and the technical features of the device claims of this specification may be combined and implemented as a device, and the technical features of the method claims and the technical features of the device claims of this specification may be combined and implemented as a method.

Claims

1. In the method, A step of receiving a first terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block based on a first beam from a second device; A step of obtaining synchronization information based on the first terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block; and A method comprising the step of transmitting a second terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block including the synchronization information based on a second beam different from the first beam, based on a reference signal reception power related to the first terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block being equal to or greater than a first threshold value.

2. In paragraph 1, A method wherein the second beam is a beam that does not cover the first beam.

3. In paragraph 1, A method wherein the ratio of the direction of the second beam and the direction of the first beam overlapping is less than or equal to a critical value.

4. In paragraph 1, A method wherein the first threshold value is set for each carrier on which the first terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block is received.

5. In paragraph 1, A method wherein the first threshold value is set for each partial bandwidth over which the first terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block is received.

6. In paragraph 1, A method wherein the second terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block is transmitted based on the reference signal reception power related to the first terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block being greater than or equal to the first threshold value and less than or equal to the second threshold value.

7. In paragraph 6, A method wherein the second threshold value is set for each carrier on which the first terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block is received.

8. In paragraph 6, A method wherein the second threshold value is set for each partial bandwidth over which the first terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block is received.

9. In paragraph 6, A method wherein the second threshold value is less than or equal to the first threshold value.

10. In paragraph 1, A method wherein the second device is a base station or a global navigation satellite system (GNSS).

11. In paragraph 1, A method further comprising the step of determining that the second beam is to be used for transmitting the second terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block.

12. In paragraph 11, A method wherein the second beam is determined to be used for transmission of the second terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block based on a reference signal reception power measured based on a third beam corresponding to the second beam being greater than or equal to a second threshold value.

13. In paragraph 1, A method, wherein the above method is performed by a first device.

14. In the first device, At least one transmitter / receiver; at least one processor; and At least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, The above instructions, based on being executed by the at least one processor, cause the first device to: Receive a first terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block based on a first beam from a second device; Acquire synchronization information based on the first terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block; and A first device that transmits a second terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block including the synchronization information based on a second beam different from the first beam, based on a reference signal reception power related to the first terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block being equal to or greater than a first threshold value.

15. In a processing device set to control the first device, at least one processor; and At least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, The above instructions, based on being executed by the at least one processor, cause the first device to: Receive a first terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block based on a first beam from a second device; Acquire synchronization information based on the first terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block; and A processing device that transmits a second terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block including the synchronization information based on a second beam different from the first beam, based on a reference signal reception power related to the first terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block being equal to or greater than a first threshold value.

16. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that records commands, The above commands, when executed, cause the first device to: Receive a first terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block based on a first beam from a second device; Acquire synchronization information based on the first terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block; and A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that transmits a second terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block including the synchronization information based on a second beam different from the first beam, based on a reference signal reception power related to the first terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block being equal to or greater than a first threshold value.

17. In the method, A step of transmitting a first terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block based on a first beam to a first device, A synchronization signal is acquired by the first device based on the first terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block, and A method wherein a second terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block including the synchronization signal is transmitted by the first device based on a second beam different from the first beam based on a reference signal reception power related to the first terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block being equal to or greater than a first threshold value.

18. In paragraph 17, A method wherein the second beam is a beam that does not cover the first beam.

19. In the second device, At least one transmitter / receiver; at least one processor; and At least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, The above instructions, based on being executed by the at least one processor, cause the second device to: Transmit a first terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block based on a first beam to the first device; A synchronization signal is acquired by the first device based on the first terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block, and A second device, wherein the second terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block including the synchronization signal is transmitted by the first device based on a second beam different from the first beam, based on a reference signal reception power related to the first terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block being equal to or greater than a first threshold value.

20. In paragraph 19, A second device, wherein the second beam is a beam that does not cover the first beam.

Images