Methods, architectures, apparatuses and systems for conditional non-serving cell signal-to-interference-plus-noise (SINR) measurements in subband non-overlapping full duplex (SBFD) and dynamic time division duplex (TDD) communications

Abstract

In one embodiment, a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) may receive configuration information indicating a set of channel state information interference measurement (CSI-IM) resources associated with one or more sub-bands. The WTRU 102 may receive information indicating first UL muting occasions in a first (e.g., serving) cell. The WTRU may measure a first interference signal strength using the CSI-IM resources associated with the first UL muting occasions. The WTRU may send a request associated with UL muting in a second (e.g., non-serving) cell based on the first interference signal strength. The WTRU may receive information indicating second UL muting occasions in the second cell. The WTRU may measure a reference signal received power (RSRP) and / or a second interference signal strength using the CSI-IM resources associated with the second UL muting occasions. The WTRU may report the RSRP and / or measurement information associated with the second interference signal strength.

Description

METHODS, ARCHITECTURES, APPARATUSES AND SYSTEMS FOR CONDITIONAL NON-SERVING CELL SIGNAL-TO-INTERFERENCE-PLUS-NOISE (SINR) MEASUREMENTS IN SUBBAND NON-OVERLAPPING FULL DUPLEX (SBFD) AND DYNAMIC TIME DIVISION DUPLEX (TDD) COMMUNICATIONSCROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 540,986 filed 28-Sep-2023, which is incorporated herein by reference.BACKGROUND

[0002] The present application is related to the fields of communications, software and encoding, including, for example, to methods, architectures, apparatuses, systems directed to signal-to- interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) measurements, and more particularly directed to SINR measurements in subband non-overlapping full duplex (SBFD) and time division duplex (TDD) frameworks.

[0003] In a conventional TDD framework, the time domain is split between the uplink and downlink. In 5G New Radio (NR) Release 18, the feasibility of allowing SBFD at a gNB within a conventional TDD band is investigated. In SBFD, problems exist due to cross-layer interference (CLI). It would be desirable to have solutions which allow- for efficient SINR measurement and which address challenges posed by CLI in SBFD and TDD scenarios.BRIEF SUMMARY

[0004] Briefly stated, in one embodiment, a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) may receive configuration information indicating a set of channel state information interference measurement (CSI-IM) time and / or frequency resources associated with one or more subbands (e.g.. of an SBFD configuration). The WTRU may receive information indicating uplink (UL) muting occasions in a first cell. The WTRU may measure a first interference signal strength using the set of CSI-IM time and / or frequency resources based on the indicated UL muting occasions. The WTRU may send information indicating a request for configuration information of a set of UL time and / or frequency resources associated with UL muting occasions in a second cell based on the measured first interference signal strength being more than a threshold. The WTRU may receive configuration information of the set of UL time and / or frequency resources associated w ith UL muting occasions in the second cell. The WTRU may measure a reference signal received power (RSRP) and / or a second interference signal strength using the set of UL time and / or frequencyresources. The WTRU may report information indicating an identifier of the second cell and the measured RSRP and / or the second interference signal strength.

[0005] In one embodiment, a WTRU may receive configuration information indicating a set of CSI-IM time and / or frequency resources associated with one or more sub-bands. The WTRU may receive information indicating one or more first UL muting occasions in a first (e.g., serving) cell. The WTRU may measure a first interference signal strength using the set of CSI-IM time and / or frequency resources associated with the one or more first UL muting occasions. The WTRU may send information indicating a first request associated with UL muting in a second (e.g., nonserving) cell based on the first interference signal strength. The WTRU may receive information indicating one or more second UL muting occasions in the second cell. The WTRU may measure a RSRP and / or a second interference signal strength using the set of CSI-IM time and / or frequency resources associated with the one or more second UL muting occasions. The WTRU 102 may report (e.g., to the serving cell) information indicating (i) an identifier of the second cell and (ii) the RSRP and / or measurement information associated with the second interference signal strength.

[0006] In one embodiment, a WTRU may receive configuration information indicating a set of CSI-IM time and / or frequency resources associated with one or more sub-bands. The WTRU may receive information indicating one or more first UL muting occasions in a first (e.g., serving) cell. The WTRU may measure a first interference signal strength using the set of CSI-IM time and / or frequency resources associated with the one or more first UL muting occasions. The WTRU may send information indicating a first request associated with UL muting in a second (e.g., nonserving) cell based on the first interference signal strength. The WTRU may receive information indicating one or more second UL muting occasions in the second cell. The WTRU may measure a RSRP using the set of CSI-IM time and / or frequency resources associated with the one or more second UL muting occasions. The WTRU may send information indicating a second request to switch to the second cell based on the RSRP being greater than a first threshold.

[0007] In one embodiment, a WTRU may receive configuration information indicating a set of CSI-IM time and / or frequency resources associated with one or more sub-bands. The WTRU may receive information indicating one or more first UL muting occasions in a first (e.g., serving) cell. The WTRU may measure a first interference signal strength using the set of CSI-IM time and / or frequency resources associated with the one or more first UL muting occasions. The WTRU may send (e.g., to the first cell) information indicating a request associated with UL muting in a second (e.g., non-serving) cell based on the first interference signal strength. The WTRU may receive information indicating one or more second UL muting occasions in the second cell. The WTRU may measure a RSRP and / or a second interference signal strength using the set of CSI-IM time and / or frequency resources associated with the one or more second UL muting occasions. TheWTRU may send information indicating a preference to not switch to the second cell based on the RSRP being less than a first threshold.

[0008] In one embodiment, a WTRU may receive information indicating one or more first UL muting occasions in a first (e.g., serving) cell. The WTRU may measure a first interference signal strength using CSI-IM resources associated with the one or more first UL muting occasions. The WTRU may send information indicating a request associated with UL muting in a second (e.g., non-serving) cell based on the first interference signal strength. The WTRU may receive information indicating one or more second UL muting occasions in the second cell. The WTRU may measure a RSRP and / or a second interference signal strength using CSI-IM resources associated with the one or more second UL muting occasions. The WTRU may report information indicating (i) an identifier of the second cell and (ii) the RSRP and / or measurement information associated with the second interference signal strength.

[0009] In one embodiment, a base station may send (e.g., to a group of WTRUs) information indicating one or more first UL muting occasions in a first (e.g.. serving) cell. The base station may receive (e.g., from one or more of the WTRUs) information indicating a request associated with UL muting in a second (e.g., non-serving) cell based on a first interference signal strength measured using CSI-IM resources associated with the one or more first UL muting occasions. The base station may send (e.g., in response to the request) information indicating one or more second UL muting occasions in the second cell. The base station may receive (e.g., from the one or more of the WTRUs) report information indicating (i) an identifier of the second cell and (ii) RSRP and / or measurement information associated with a second interference signal strength measured using CSI-IM resources associated with the one or more second UL muting occasions.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0010] The following detailed description will be better understood when read in conjunction with the appended drawings, in which there are shown examples of one or more of the multiple embodiments of the present disclosure. It should be understood, however, that the embodiments described herein are not limited to the precise arrangements and instrumentalities shown in the drawings. In the drawings:

[0011] FIG. 1A is a system diagram illustrating an example communications system, according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0012] FIG. IB is a system diagram illustrating an example wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) that may be used within the communications system illustrated in FIG. 1 A, according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0013] FIG. 1C is a system diagram illustrating an example radio access network (RAN) and an example core network (CN) that may be used within the communications system illustrated in FIG. 1 A, according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0014] FIG. ID is a system diagram illustrating a further example RAN and a further example CN that may be used within the communications system illustrated in FIG. 1 A, according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0015] FIG. 2 is a SBFD configuration diagram illustrating an example arrangement of slots in a TDD framework, according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0016] FIG. 3 is a communications system diagram illustrating examples of different types of CLI between gNBs and WTRUs, according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0017] FIG. 4 is a communications system and SBFD configuration diagram illustrating examples of intra-cell and inter-cell CLI, according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0018] FIG. 5 is a procedural diagram illustrating an example procedure for measurement and reporting using UL muting, according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0019] FIG. 6 is a procedural diagram illustrating an example procedure for measurement and reporting of neighbor cells using UL muting, according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0020] FIG. 7 is a procedural diagram illustrating an example procedure for measurement and reporting of a SINR, according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0021] FIG. 8 is a procedural diagram illustrating an example procedure for measurement and reporting of a reference signal received power (RSRP) and / or other measurement information for a non-serving cell, according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0022] FIG. 9 is a procedural diagram illustrating an example procedure for indicating a preference to switch to a non-serving cell, according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0023] FIG. 10 is a procedural diagram illustrating an example procedure for indicating a preference to not switch to a non-serving cell, according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0024] FIG. 11 is a procedural diagram illustrating an example procedure for measurement and reporting of a RSRP and / or other measurement information for a non-serving cell, according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure; and

[0025] FIG. 12 is a procedural diagram illustrating an example procedure for receiving reporting of RSRP and / or other measurement information for a non-serving cell, according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] In describing the various embodiments of the present disclosure, certain terminology is used herein for convenience only and should not be considered as limiting such embodiments. In the drawings, the same reference numerals are employed for designating the same elements throughout the several figures and the present description.

[0027] In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth to provide a thorough understanding of embodiments and / or examples disclosed herein. However, it will be understood that such embodiments and examples may be practiced without some or all of the specific details set forth herein. In other instances, well-known methods, procedures, components and circuits have not been described in detail, so as not to obscure the following description. Further, embodiments and examples not specifically described herein may be practiced in lieu of, or in combination with, the embodiments and other examples described, disclosed or otherwise provided explicitly, implicitly and / or inherently (collectively "provided") herein. Although various embodiments are described and / or claimed herein in which an apparatus, system, device, etc. and / or any element thereof carries out an operation, process, algorithm, function, etc. and / or any portion thereof, it is to be understood that any embodiments described and / or claimed herein assume that any apparatus, system, device, etc. and / or any element thereof is configured to carry out any operation, process, algorithm, function, etc. and / or any portion thereof.

[0028] Example Communications System

[0029] The methods, apparatuses and systems provided herein are well-suited for communications involving both wired and wireless networks. An overview of various types of wireless devices and infrastructure is provided with respect to FIGs. 1A-1D, where various elements of the netw ork may utilize, perform, be arranged in accordance with and / or be adapted and / or configured for the methods, apparatuses and systems provided herein.

[0030] FIG. 1A is a system diagram illustrating an example communications system 100 in which one or more disclosed embodiments may be implemented. The communications system 100 may be a multiple access system that provides content, such as voice, data, video, messaging, broadcast, etc., to multiple wireless users. The communications system 100 may enable multiple wireless users to access such content through the sharing of system resources, including wireless bandwidth. For example, the communications systems 100 may employ one or more channel access methods, such as code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), singlecarrier FDMA (SC-FDMA), zero-tail (ZT) unique-word (UW) discreet Fourier transform (DFT)spread OFDM (ZT UW DTS-s OFDM), unique word OFDM (UW-OFDM), resource block- filtered OFDM, filter bank multicarrier (FBMC), and the like.

[0031] As shown in FIG. 1A, the communications system 100 may include wireless transmit / receive units (WTRUs) 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d, a radio access network (RAN) 104 / 113, a core network (CN) 106 / 115, a public switched telephone network (PSTN) 108, the Internet 110, and other networks 1 12, though it will be appreciated that the disclosed embodiments contemplate any number of WTRUs, base stations, networks, and / or network elements. Each of the WTRUs 102a, 102b. 102c, 102d may be any type of device configured to operate and / or communicate in a wireless environment. By way of example, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d. any of which may be referred to as a "station" and / or a "STA", may be configured to transmit and / or receive wireless signals and may include (or be) a user equipment (UE), a mobile station, a fixed or mobile subscriber unit, a subscription-based unit, a pager, a cellular telephone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a smartphone, a laptop, a netbook, a personal computer, a wireless sensor, a hotspot or Mi- Fi device, an Internet of Things (loT) device, a watch or other wearable, a head-mounted display (HMD), a vehicle, a drone, a medical device and applications (e.g., remote surgery), an industrial device and applications (e.g., a robot and / or other wireless devices operating in an industrial and / or an automated processing chain contexts), a consumer electronics device, a device operating on commercial and / or industrial wireless networks, and the like. Any of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and 102d may be interchangeably referred to as a UE.

[0032] The communications systems 100 may also include a base station 114a and / or a base station 114b. Each of the base stations 114a, 114b may be any type of device configured to wirelessly interface with at least one of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d, e.g.. to facilitate access to one or more communication networks, such as the CN 106 / 115. the Internet 110. and / or the networks 112. By way of example, the base stations 114a, 114b may be any of a base transceiver station (BTS), a Node-B (NB), an eNode-B (eNB), a Home Node-B (HNB), a Home eNode-B (HeNB), a gNode-B (gNB), a NR Node-B (NR NB). a site controller, an access point (AP). a wireless router, and the like. While the base stations 114a, 114b are each depicted as a single element, it will be appreciated that the base stations 1 14a, 1 14b may include any number of interconnected base stations and / or network elements.

[0033] The base station 114a may be part of the RAN 104 / 113, which may also include other base stations and / or network elements (not shown), such as a base station controller (BSC), a radio network controller (RNC), relay nodes, etc. The base station 114a and / or the base station 114b may be configured to transmit and / or receive wireless signals on one or more carrier frequencies, which may be referred to as a cell (not shown). These frequencies may be in licensed spectrum, unlicensed spectrum, or a combination of licensed and unlicensed spectrum. A cell may providecoverage for a wireless service to a specific geographical area that may be relatively fixed or that may change over time. The cell may further be divided into cell sectors. For example, the cell associated with the base station 114a may be divided into three sectors. Thus, in an embodiment, the base station 114a may include three transceivers, i.e., one for each sector of the cell. In an embodiment, the base station 114a may employ multiple-input multiple output (MIMO) technology and may utilize multiple transceivers for each or any sector of the cell. For example, beamforming may be used to transmit and / or receive signals in desired spatial directions.

[0034] The base stations 114a, 114b may communicate with one or more of the WTRUs 102a, 102b. 102c, 102d over an air interface 116, which may be any suitable wireless communication link (e.g., radio frequency (RF), microwave, centimeter wave, micrometer wave, infrared (IR), ultraviolet (UV), visible light, etc.). The air interface 116 may be established using any suitable radio access technology7(RAT).

[0035] More specifically, as noted above, the communications system 100 may be a multiple access system and may employ one or more channel access schemes, such as CDMA. TDMA, FDMA, OFDMA, SC-FDMA, and the like. For example, the base station 114a in the RAN 104 / 113 and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA), which may establish the air interface 116 using wideband CDMA (WCDMA). WCDMA may include communication protocols such as High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA) and / or Evolved HSPA (HSPA+). HSPA may include High-Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) and / or High-Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA).

[0036] In an embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA). which may establish the air interface 116 using Long Term Evolution (LTE) and / or LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) and / or LTE-Advanced Pro (LTE-A Pro).

[0037] In an embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as NR Radio Access, which may establish the air interface 116 using New Radio (NR).

[0038] In an embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement multiple radio access technologies. For example, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement LTE radio access and NR radio access together, for instance using dual connectivity' (DC) principles. Thus, the air interface utilized by WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may be characterized by multiple types of radio access technologies and / or transmissions sent to / from multiple types of base stations (e.g., an eNB and a gNB).

[0039] In an embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a. 102b, 102c may implement radio technologies such as IEEE 802.11 (i.e., Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (i.e., Worldwide Interoperability7for Microwave Access (WiMAX)), CDMA2000, CDMA2000 IX, CDMA2000 EV-DO, Interim Standard 2000 (IS-2000), Interim Standard 95 (IS-95), Interim Standard 856 (IS-856). Global System for Mobile communications (GSM), Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE), GSM EDGE (GERAN), and the like.

[0040] The base station 114b in FIG. 1 A may be a wireless router, Home Node-B, Home eNode- B, or access point, for example, and may utilize any suitable RAT for facilitating wireless connectivity in a localized area, such as a place of business, a home, a vehicle, a campus, an industrial facility7, an air corridor (e.g., for use by drones), a roadway, and the like. In an embodiment, the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may implement a radio technology such as IEEE 802.11 to establish a wireless local area network (WLAN). In an embodiment, the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may implement a radio technology such as IEEE 802.15 to establish a wireless personal area network (WPAN). In an embodiment, the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may utilize a cellular-based RAT (e.g., WCDMA, CDMA2000, GSM, LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR, etc.) to establish any of a small cell, picocell or femtocell. As shown in FIG. 1A, the base station 114b may have a direct connection to the Internet 110. Thus, the base station 114b may not be required to access the Internet 110 via the CN 106 / 115.

[0041] The RAN 104 / 113 may be in communication with the CN 106 / 115, which may be any type of network configured to provide voice, data, applications, and / or voice over internet protocol (VoIP) services to one or more of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d. The data may have varying quality of service (QoS) requirements, such as differing throughput requirements, latencyrequirements, error tolerance requirements, reliability requirements, data throughput requirements, mobility requirements, and the like. The CN 106 / 115 may provide call control, billing services, mobile location-based services, pre-paid calling, Internet connectivity7, video distribution, etc., and / or perform high-level security functions, such as user authentication. Although not shown in FIG. 1A, it will be appreciated that the RAN 104 / 113 and / or the CN 106 / 115 may be in direct or indirect communication with other RANs that employ the same RAT as the RAN 104 / 113 or a different RAT. For example, in addition to being connected to the RAN 104 / 113, which may be utilizing an NR radio technology, the CN 106 / 115 may also be in communication with another RAN (not shown) employing any of a GSM, UMTS, CDMA 2000, WiMAX, E-UTRA, or Wi-Fi radio technology.

[0042] The CN 106 / 115 may7also serve as a gateway for the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d to access the PSTN 108, the Internet 110, and / or other networks 112. The PSTN 108 may include circuit-switched telephone networks that provide plain old telephone service (POTS). The Internet110 may include a global system of interconnected computer networks and devices that use common communication protocols, such as the transmission control protocol (TCP), user datagram protocol (UDP) and / or the internet protocol (IP) in the TCP / IP internet protocol suite. The networks 112 may include wired and / or wireless communications networks owned and / or operated by other service providers. For example, the networks 112 may include another CN connected to one or more RANs, which may employ the same RAT as the RAN 104 / 114 or a different RAT.

[0043] Some or all of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d in the communications system 100 may include multi-mode capabilities (e.g., the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d may include multiple transceivers for communicating with different wireless networks over different wireless links). For example, the WTRU 102c shown in FIG. 1 A may be configured to communicate with the base station 114a, which may employ a cellular-based radio technology', and with the base station 114b, which may employ an IEEE 802 radio technology.

[0044] FIG. IB is a system diagram illustrating an example WTRU 102. As shown in FIG. IB, the WTRU 102 may include a processor 1 18, a transceiver 120, atransmit / receive element 122, a speaker / microphone 124, a keypad 126, a display / touchpad 128, non-removable memory' 130, removable memory' 132. a power source 134, a global positioning system (GPS) chipset 136, and / or other elements / peripherals 138, among others. It will be appreciated that the WTRU 102 may include any sub-combination of the foregoing elements while remaining consistent with an embodiment.

[0045] The processor 118 may be a general purpose processor, a special purpose processor, a conventional processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in association with a DSP core, a controller, a microcontroller. Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) circuits, any other ty pe of integrated circuit (IC), a state machine, and the like. The processor 118 may perform signal coding, data processing, power control, input / output processing, and / or any other functionality that enables the WTRU 102 to operate in a wireless environment. The processor 118 may be coupled to the transceiver 120, which may be coupled to the transmit / receive element 122. While FIG. IB depicts the processor 118 and the transceiver 120 as separate components, it will be appreciated that the processor 118 and the transceiver 120 may be integrated together, e.g., in an electronic package or chip.

[0046] The transmit / receive element 122 may be configured to transmit signals to, or receive signals from, a base station (e.g., the base station 114a) over the air interface 116. For example, in an embodiment, the transmit / receive element 122 may be an antenna configured to transmit and / or receive RF signals. In an embodiment, the transmit / receive element 122 may be an emitter / detectorconfigured to transmit and / or receive IR. UV. or visible light signals, for example. In an embodiment, the transmit / receive element 122 may be configured to transmit and / or receive both RF and light signals. It will be appreciated that the transmit / receive element 122 may be configured to transmit and / or receive any combination of wireless signals.

[0047] Although the transmit / receive element 122 is depicted in FIG. IB as a single element, the WTRU 102 may include any number of transmit / receive elements 122. For example, the WTRU 102 may employ MIMO technology7. Thus, in an embodiment, the WTRU 102 may include two or more transmit / receive elements 122 (e.g., multiple antennas) for transmitting and receiving wireless signals over the air interface 116.

[0048] The transceiver 120 may be configured to modulate the signals that are to be transmitted by the transmit / receive element 122 and to demodulate the signals that are received by the transmit / receive element 122. As noted above, the WTRU 102 may have multi-mode capabilities. Thus, the transceiver 120 may include multiple transceivers for enabling the WTRU 102 to communicate via multiple RATs, such as NR and IEEE 802.1 1. for example.

[0049] The processor 1 18 of the WTRU 102 may be coupled to, and may receive user input data from, the speaker / microphone 124, the keypad 126, and / or the display / touchpad 128 (e.g., a liquid crystal display (LCD) display unit or organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display unit). The processor 118 may also output user data to the speaker / microphone 124. the keypad 126, and / or the display / touchpad 128. In addition, the processor 1 18 may access information from, and store data in, any type of suitable memory, such as the non-removable memory7130 and / or the removable memory7132. The non-removable memory 130 may include random-access memory (RAM), readonly memory (ROM), a hard disk, or any other type of memory storage device. The removable memory 132 may include a subscriber identity module (SIM) card, a memory stick, a secure digital (SD) memory card, and the like. In other embodiments, the processor 118 may access information from, and store data in, memory7that is not physically located on the WTRU 102, such as on a server or a home computer (not shown).

[0050] The processor 118 may receive power from the power source 134, and may be configured to distribute and / or control the power to the other components in the WTRU 102. The power source 134 may be any suitable device for powering the WTRU 102. For example, the power source 134 may include one or more dry cell batteries (e.g., nickel-cadmium (NiCd), nickel-zinc (NiZn), nickel metal hydride (NiMH), lithium-ion (Li-ion), etc.), solar cells, fuel cells, and the like.

[0051] The processor 118 may also be coupled to the GPS chipset 136, which may be configured to provide location information (e.g., longitude and latitude) regarding the current location of the WTRU 102. In addition to, or in lieu of, the information from the GPS chipset 136, the WTRU 102 may receive location information over the air interface 116 from a base station (e.g., basestations 114a, 1 14b) and / or determine its location based on the timing of the signals being received from two or more nearby base stations. It will be appreciated that the WTRU 102 may acquire location information by way of any suitable location-determination method while remaining consistent with an embodiment.

[0052] The processor 118 may further be coupled to other elements / peripherals 138, which may include one or more software and / or hardware modules / units that provide additional features, functionality and / or wired or wireless connectivity. For example, the elements / peripherals 138 may include an accelerometer, an e-compass, a satellite transceiver, a digital camera (e.g., for photographs and / or video), a universal serial bus (USB) port, a vibration device, a television transceiver, a hands free headset, a Bluetooth® module, a frequency modulated (FM) radio unit, a digital music player, a media player, a video game player module, an Internet browser, a virtual reality and / or augmented reality (VR / AR) device, an activity7tracker, and the like. The elements / peripherals 138 may include one or more sensors, the sensors may be one or more of a gyroscope, an accelerometer, a hall effect sensor, a magnetometer, an orientation sensor, a proximity7sensor, a temperature sensor, a time sensor; a geolocation sensor; an altimeter, a light sensor, a touch sensor, a magnetometer, a barometer, a gesture sensor, a biometric sensor, and / or a humidity sensor.

[0053] The WTRU 102 may include a full duplex radio for which transmission and reception of some or all of the signals (e.g., associated with particular subframes for both the uplink (e.g., for transmission) and downlink (e.g., for reception) may be concurrent and / or simultaneous. The full duplex radio may include an interference management unit to reduce and or substantially eliminate self-interference via either hardware (e.g., a choke) or signal processing via a processor (e.g., a separate processor (not shown) or via processor 118). In an embodiment, the WTRU 102 may include a half-duplex radio for which transmission and reception of some or all of the signals (e.g., associated with particular subframes for either the uplink (e.g., for transmission) or the downlink (e.g., for reception)).

[0054] FIG. 1C is a system diagram illustrating the RAN 104 and the CN 106 according to an embodiment. As noted above, the RAN 104 may employ an E-UTRA radio technology to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c over the air interface 116. The RAN 104 may also be in communication with the CN 106.

[0055] The RAN 104 may include eNode-Bs 160a. 160b, 160c, though it will be appreciated that the RAN 104 may include any number of eNode-Bs while remaining consistent with an embodiment. The eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 1 0c may each include one or more transceivers for communicating with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116. In an embodiment, the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may implement MIMO technology. Thus, the eNode-B 160a, forexample, may use multiple antennas to transmit wireless signals to, and receive wireless signals from, the WTRU 102a.

[0056] Each of the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, and 160c may be associated with a particular cell (not shown) and may be configured to handle radio resource management decisions, handover decisions, scheduling of users in the uplink (UL) and / or dow nlink (DL). and the like. As shown in FIG. 1 C, the eNode-Bs 1 0a, 160b, 160c may communicate with one another over an X2 interface.

[0057] The CN 106 shown in FIG. 1C may include a mobility management entity (MME) 162, a serving gateway (SGW) 164, and a packet data network (PDN) gateway (PGW) 166. While each of the foregoing elements are depicted as part of the CN 106, it will be appreciated that any one of these elements may be owned and / or operated by an entity other than the CN operator.

[0058] The MME 162 may be connected to each of the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, and 160c in the RAN 104 via an SI interface and may serve as a control node. For example, the MME 162 may be responsible for authenticating users of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c. bearer activation / deactivation, selecting a particular serving gateway during an initial attach of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and the like. The MME 162 may provide a control plane function for switching between the RAN 104 and other RANs (not shown) that employ other radio technologies, such as GSM and / or WCDMA.

[0059] The SGW 164 may be connected to each of the eNode-Bs 160a. 160b, 160c in the RAN 104 via the SI interface. The SGW 164 may generally route and forward user data packets to / from the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c. The SGW 164 may perform other functions, such as anchoring user planes during inter-eNode-B handovers, triggering paging when DL data is available for the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c. managing and storing contexts of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and the like.

[0060] The SGW 164 may be connected to the PGW 166, which may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to packet-switched networks, such as the Internet 110, to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices.

[0061] The CN 106 may facilitate communications with other networks. For example, the CN 106 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to circuit-switched networks, such as the PSTN 108, to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and traditional land-line communications devices. For example, the CN 106 may include, or may communicate with, an IP gateway (e.g., an IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) server) that serves as an interface between the CN 106 and the PSTN 108. In addition, the CN 106 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to the other netw orks 112, which may include other wired and / or wireless networks that are owned and / or operated by other service providers.

[0062] Although the WTRU is described in FIGs. 1A-1D as a wireless terminal, it is contemplated that in certain representative embodiments that such a terminal may use (e.g., temporarily or permanently) wired communication interfaces with the communication network.

[0063] In representative embodiments, the other network 112 may be a WLAN.

[0064] A WLAN in infrastructure basic service set (BSS) mode may have an access point (AP) for the BSS and one or more stations (STAs) associated with the AP. The AP may have an access or an interface to a distribution system (DS) or another type of wired / wireless network that carries traffic into and / or out of the BSS. Traffic to STAs that originates from outside the BSS may arrive through the AP and may be delivered to the STAs. Traffic originating from STAs to destinations outside the BSS may be sent to the AP to be delivered to respective destinations. Traffic between STAs within the BSS may be sent through the AP, for example, where the source STA may send traffic to the AP and the AP may deliver the traffic to the destination STA. The traffic between STAs within a BSS may be considered and / or referred to as peer-to-peer traffic. The peer-to-peer traffic may be sent between (e.g., directly between) the source and destination STAs with a direct link setup (DLS). In certain representative embodiments, the DLS may use an 802. 1 le DLS or an 802.1 Iz tunneled DLS (TDLS). A WLAN using an Independent BSS (IBSS) mode may not have an AP, and the STAs (e.g.. all of the STAs) within or using the IBSS may communicate directly with each other. The IBSS mode of communication may sometimes be referred to herein as an "ad-hoc" mode of communication.

[0065] When using the 802.1 lac infrastructure mode of operation or a similar mode of operations, the AP may transmit a beacon on a fixed channel, such as a primary channel. The primary channel may be a fixed width (e.g., 20 MHz wide bandwidth) or a dynamically set width via signaling. The primary channel may be the operating channel of the BSS and may be used by the STAs to establish a connection with the AP. In certain representative embodiments. Carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA / CA) may be implemented, for example in in 802.11 systems. For CSMA / CA, the STAs (e.g., every STA), including the AP, may sense the primary channel. If the primary channel is sensed / detected and / or determined to be busy by a particular STA, the particular STA may back off. One STA (e.g., only one station) may transmit at any given time in a given BSS.

[0066] High throughput (HT) STAs may use a 40 MHz wide channel for communication, for example, via a combination of the primary 20 MHz channel with an adjacent or nonadj acent 20 MHz channel to form a 40 MHz wide channel.

[0067] Very high throughput (VHT) STAs may support 20 MHz, 40 MHz, 80 MHz, and / or 160 MHz wide channels. The 40 MHz, and / or 80 MHz, channels may be formed by combining contiguous 20 MHz channels. A 160 MHz channel may be formed by combining 8 contiguous20 MHz channels, or by combining two non-contiguous 80 MHz channels, which may be referred to as an 80+80 configuration. For the 80+80 configuration, the data, after channel encoding, may be passed through a segment parser that may divide the data into two streams. Inverse fast fourier transform (IFFT) processing, and time domain processing, may be done on each stream separately. The streams may be mapped on to the two 80 MHz channels, and the data may be transmitted by a transmitting ST A. At the receiver of the receiving STA, the above-described operation for the 80+80 configuration may be reversed, and the combined data may be sent to a medium access control (MAC) layer, entity, etc.

[0068] Sub 1 GHz modes of operation are supported by 802.11af and 802. 11 ah. The channel operating bandwidths, and earners, are reduced in 802. 1 laf and 802. 1 lah relative to those used in802.1 In, and 802. 1 lac. 802.1 laf supports 5 MHz, 10 MHz and 20 MHz bandwidths in the TV white space (TVWS) spectrum, and 802.1 lah supports 1 MHz, 2 MHz, 4 MHz, 8 MHz, and 16 MHz bandwidths using non-TVWS spectrum. According to a representative embodiment,802.1 lah may support meter type control / machine-type communications (MTC). such as MTC devices in a macro coverage area. MTC devices may have certain capabilities, for example, limited capabilities including support for (e.g., only support for) certain and / or limited bandwidths. The MTC devices may include a battery with a battery life above a threshold (e.g., to maintain a ery long battery life).

[0069] WLAN systems, which may support multiple channels, and channel bandwidths, such as802.1 In, 802.1 lac, 802.1 laf, and 802.1 lah, include a channel which may be designated as the primary channel. The primary channel may have a bandwidth equal to the largest common operating bandwidth supported by all STAs in the BSS. The bandwidth of the primary channel may be set and / or limited by a STA. from among all STAs in operating in a BSS, which supports the smallest bandwidth operating mode. In the example of 802.1 lah, the primary channel may be 1 MHz wide for STAs (e.g., MTC type devices) that support (e.g., only support) a 1 MHz mode, even if the AP, and other STAs in the BSS support 2 MHz, 4 MHz, 8 MHz, 16 MHz, and / or other channel bandwidth operating modes. Carrier sensing and / or network allocation vector (NAV) settings may depend on the status of the primary channel. If the primary channel is busy, for example, due to a STA (which supports only a 1 MHz operating mode), transmitting to the AP, the entire available frequency bands may be considered busy even though a majority of the frequency bands remains idle and may be available.

[0070] In the United States, the available frequency bands, which may be used by 802. 1 lah, are from 902 MHz to 928 MHz. In Korea, the available frequency bands are from 917.5 MHz to 923.5 MHz. In Japan, the available frequency bands are from 916.5 MHz to 927.5 MHz. The total bandwidth available for 802. 1 lah is 6 MHz to 26 MHz depending on the country code.

[0071] FIG. ID is a system diagram illustrating the RAN 113 and the CN 115 according to an embodiment. As noted above, the RAN 113 may employ an NR radio technology to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116. The RAN 113 may also be in communication with the CN 115.

[0072] The RAN 113 may include gNBs 180a. 180b, 180c, though it will be appreciated that the RAN 1 13 may include any number of gNBs while remaining consistent with an embodiment. The gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may each include one or more transceivers for communicating with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116. In an embodiment, the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may implement MIMO technology. For example. gNBs 180a, 180b may utilize beamforming to transmit signals to and / or receive signals from the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c. Thus, the gNB 180a, for example, may use multiple antennas to transmit wireless signals to, and / or receive wireless signals from, the WTRU 102a. In an embodiment, the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may implement carrier aggregation technolog}’. For example, the gNB 180a may transmit multiple component carriers to the WTRU 102a (not shown). A subset of these component carriers may be on unlicensed spectrum while the remaining component carriers may be on licensed spectrum. In an embodiment, the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may implement Coordinated Multi-Point (CoMP) technology. For example, WTRU 102a may receive coordinated transmissions from gNB 180a and gNB 180b (and / or gNB 180c).

[0073] The WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using transmissions associated with a scalable numerology7. For example, OFDM symbol spacing and / or OFDM subcarrier spacing may vary for different transmissions, different cells, and / or different portions of the wireless transmission spectrum. The WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with gNBs 180a. 180b, 180c using subframe or transmission time intervals (TTIs) of various or scalable lengths (e.g., including a vary ing number of OFDM symbols and / or lasting varying lengths of absolute time).

[0074] The gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may be configured to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b. 102c in a standalone configuration and / or a non-standalone configuration. In the standalone configuration, WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c without also accessing other RANs (e.g., such as eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c). In the standalone configuration, WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may utilize one or more of gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c as a mobility anchor point. In the standalone configuration, WTRUs 102a, 102b. 102c may communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using signals in an unlicensed band. In anon-standalone configuration WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate w-ith / connect to gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c while also communicating with / connecting to another RAN such as eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c. For example, WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement DC principles to communicate withone or more gNBs 180a. 180b, 180c and one or more eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c substantially simultaneously. In the non-standalone configuration, eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may serve as a mobility7anchor for WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may provide additional coverage and / or throughput for servicing WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c.

[0075] Each of the gNBs 180a. 180b, 180c may be associated with a particular cell (not shown) and may be configured to handle radio resource management decisions, handover decisions, scheduling of users in the UL and / or DL, support of network slicing, dual connectivity, interworking between NR and E-UTRA, routing of user plane data towards user plane functions (UPFs) 184a, 184b. routing of control plane information towards access and mobility management functions (AMFs) 182a, 182b, and the like. As shown in FIG. ID, the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may communicate with one another over an Xn interface.

[0076] The CN 115 shown in FIG. ID may include at least one AMF 182a, 182b, at least one UPF 184a, 184b. at least one session management function (SMF) 183a, 183b, and at least one Data Network (DN) 185a, 185b. While each of the foregoing elements are depicted as part of the CN 1 15, it will be appreciated that any of these elements may be owned and / or operated by an entity' other than the CN operator.

[0077] The AMF 182a, 182b may be connected to one or more of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c in the RAN 113 via an N2 interface and may serve as a control node. For example, the AMF 182a, 182b may be responsible for authenticating users of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, support for network slicing (e.g., handling of different protocol data unit (PDU) sessions with different requirements), selecting a particular SMF 183a, 183b, management of the registration area, termination of NAS signaling, mobility management, and the like. Network slicing may be used by the AMF 182a, 182b, e.g.. to customize CN support for WTRUs 102a, 102b. 102c based on the ty pes of services being utilized WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c. For example, different network slices may be established for different use cases such as services relying on ultra-reliable low latency (URLLC) access, services relying on enhanced massive mobile broadband (eMBB) access, services for MTC access, and / or the like. The AMF 162 may provide a control plane function for switching between the RAN 113 and other RANs (not shown) that employ other radio technologies, such as LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, and / or non-3GPP access technologies such as WiFi.

[0078] The SMF 183a, 183b may be connected to an AMF 182a, 182b in the CN 115 via an N11 interface. The SMF 183a, 183b may also be connected to a UPF 184a, 184b in the CN 115 via an N4 interface. The SMF 183a, 183b may select and control the UPF 184a, 184b and configure the routing of traffic through the UPF 184a, 184b. The SMF 183a, 1 3b may perform other functions, such as managing and allocating UE IP address, managing PDU sessions, controlling policyenforcement and QoS. providing downlink data notifications, and the like. A PDU session type may be IP -based, non-IP based, Ethernet-based, and the like.

[0079] The UPF 184a, 184b may be connected to one or more of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c in the RAN 113 via an N3 interface, which may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to packet-switched networks, such as the Internet 110, e.g., to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices. The UPF 184, 184b may perform other functions, such as routing and forw arding packets, enforcing user plane policies, supporting multihomed PDU sessions, handling user plane QoS, buffering downlink packets, providing mobility anchoring, and the like.

[0080] The CN 115 may facilitate communications with other networks. For example, the CN 115 may include, or may communicate with, an IP gateway (e.g., an IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) server) that serves as an interface between the CN 115 and the PSTN 108. In addition, the CN 115 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to the other networks 112, which may include other wired and / or wireless networks that are owned and / or operated by other service providers. In an embodiment, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may be connected to a local Data Network (DN) 185a, 185b through the UPF 184a, 184b via the N3 interface to the UPF 184a, 184b and an N6 interface between the UPF 184a, 184b and the DN 185a, 185b.

[0081] In view of FIGs. 1 A-1D, and the corresponding description of FIGs. 1 A-1D, one or more, or all, of the functions described herein with regard to any of WTRUs 102a-d, base stations 1 14a- b, eNode-Bs 160a-c, MME 162, SGW 164, PGW 166, gNBs 180a-c, AMFs 182a-b, UPFs 184a- b, SMFs 183a-b, DNs 185a-b, and / or any other element(s) / device(s) described herein, may be performed by one or more emulation elements / devices (not shown). The emulation devices maybe one or more devices configured to emulate one or more, or all, of the functions described herein. For example, the emulation devices may be used to test other devices and / or to simulate network and / or WTRU functions.

[0082] The emulation devices may be designed to implement one or more tests of other devices in a lab environment and / or in an operator network environment. For example, the one or more emulation devices may perform the one or more, or all, functions while being fully or partially implemented and / or deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network in order to test other devices within the communication network. The one or more emulation devices may perform the one or more, or all, functions while being temporarily implemented / deployed as part of a wared and / or wireless communication network. The emulation device may be directly coupled to another device for purposes of testing and / or may performing testing using over-the-air wireless communications.

[0083] The one or more emulation devices may perform the one or more, including all, functions while not being implemented / deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network. For example, the emulation devices may be utilized in a testing scenario in a testing laboratory7and / or a non-deployed (e.g., testing) wired and / or wireless communication network in order to implement testing of one or more components. The one or more emulation devices may be test equipment. Direct RF coupling and / or wireless communications via RF circuitry (e.g., which may include one or more antennas) may be used by the emulation devices to transmit and / or receive data.

[0084] Introduction

[0085] For the 3GPP RAN electronic meeting #94-e, a RAN study item on New Radio (NR) duplex operation has been agreed. Duplex operation technology has the potential foundation to improve conventional TDD operation by enhancing UL coverage, improving capacity7, reducing latency, and so forth. Conventional TDD is based on splitting the time domain between the uplink and downlink. In 5G NR Release 18, the feasibility of allowing full duplex, or more specifically, SBFD at the gNB within a conventional TDD band is being investigated.

[0086] FIG. 2 is a SBFD configuration diagram illustrating an example arrangement of slots in a TDD framework. As shown in FIG. 2, a slot may be any of a DL slot 202a, a SBFD slot 202b, a flexible slot 202c, or an UL slot 202d.

[0087] Realization of SBFD is subject to resolving key challenges raised due to cross-layer interference (CLI). In an SBFD (or dynamic / flexible TDD) framework, a potential aggressor cell may switch from UL-to-DL or vice-versa, causing CLI on potential victim gNBs and / or WTRUs. In UL-to-DL CLI, the UL transmission from aggressor WTRUs may cause directional CLI at the victim WTRUs. For example, the CLI may be measured (e.g., measurable) at both the victim and / or aggressor WTRUs.

[0088] FIG. 3 is a communications system diagram illustrating examples of different ty pes of CLI between gNBs and WTRUs. As shown in FIG. 3, CLI may be present between the gNB 180a and the gNB 180b. As another example, CLI may be present between the gNB 180a and the WTRU 102b. As another example, CLI may be present between the gNB 180b and the WTRU 102a. As another example, CLI may be present between the WTRU 102a and the WTRU 102b.

[0089] FIG. 4 is a communications system and SBFD configuration diagram illustrating examples of intra-cell and inter-cell CLI.

[0090] For example, SINR measurement may be used for inter-WTRU inter-sub-band CLI measurements, such as CLI1 from a WTRU #1 (e.g., WTRU 102a) to a WTRU #3 (e.g., WTRU 102c) in FIG. 4, and for inter-WTRU intra-sub-band CLI measurements, such as CLI2 from a WTRU #2 (e.g., WTRU 102b) to a WTRU #3 (e.g., WTRU 102c) in FIG. 4, in SBFD and dynamicTDD systems, respectively. For example, a victim WTRU may measure channel and interference signal strength and received power and calculate the SINR accordingly.

[0091] For example, one method for measuring inter- WTRU CLI is to use UL muting in the serving cell and to measure CLI from non-serving cells. UL muting can also be used for gNB-to- gNB CLI measurement at a victim gNB to avoid imposed CLI on UL due to strong CSI signals from an aggressor gNB.

[0092] Overview

[0093] In certain representative embodiments, SINR may be measured efficiently in SBFD and TDD (e.g., dynamic-TDD) scenarios.

[0094] Dynamic Uplink Muting Indication, Measurement, and Reporting

[0095] In certain representative embodiments, a WTRU 102 may receive information (e.g., a dynamic indication), on CSI-IM resources with UL-muting in a serving cell, indicating to measure interference, such as CLI, (e.g., from non-serving cells) and to calculate SINR accordingly. In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may (e.g.. optionally) report the measurements.

[0096] In certain representative embodiments, a WTRU 102 may receive configuration information on and / or associated with one or more group-common DCI including a group-ID.

[0097] In certain representative embodiments, a WTRU 102 may receive a group-common DCI (e.g., a DCI with CRC scrambled with a UL-Muting-G-RNTI) indicating a UL muting command in addition to (e.g., one or more) configuration information on and / or associated with UL muting resources.

[0098] For example, the WTRU 102 may be (pre)configured with one or more CSI report configurations (e.g., aperiodic) associated with one or more CSI-IM resources (e.g.. in one or more DL subbands).

[0099] For example, a received group-common indication may indicate if UL muting is activated or deactivated (e.g., in one or more UL subbands) at one or more same symbols as at least one of the configured CSI-IM resources. The indication may identify or be associated with the time and / or frequency resources where the UL muting is taking place, such as the starting symbol, slot, time instance and / or the length of the UL muting. The indication may also include or be associated with information on a periodicity of the UL muting, such as whether it is periodic, semi-persistent, or aperiodic (e.g., one-shot UL muting for a period of time starting from an indicated symbol).

[0100] For example, a UL muting command may include information indicating (e.g., indications on) whether UL muting is taking place in the entire UL subband and / or BWP, or only on some RBs (e.g., a (pre)defined number of RBs closer to boundaries in SBFD configurations).

[0101] In certain representative embodiments, a WTRU 102 may trigger measuring or determine to trigger measuring of the indicated CSI-IM resources with UL muting and / or send reporting information.

[0102] For example, a WTRU-specific DCI reception may be used as a trigger. The WTRU 102 may receive a WTRU-specific DCI (e.g., DCI 0 0, DCI 0 1, CSI triggering DCI) triggering to measure and report the indicated CSI-IM resources with UL muting. The WTRU 102 may receive report configurations via DCI as well.

[0103] For example, a trigger may be event based. The WTRU 102 may determine or detect one or more events that require measuring interference signal strength in symbols with UL muting. As such, upon reception of the UL muting command, the WTRU 102 may use the indicated CSI-IM resources to perform measurement. The WTRU 102 may use CSI report configurations associated with the measured CSI-IM resources for reporting the measured SINR.

[0104] As a first example event, low SINR on CSI-IM resources (e.g., without muting) may trigger measuring and / or reporting the measurements for the indicated CSI-IM resources with UL muting. For example, a WTRU 102 has measured low SINR based on general CSI-IM resources (e.g., without UL muting) and wants to determine whether the source of CLI and low SINR is from the serving cell or the neighbor (e.g.. non-serving) cells.

[0105] As a second example event, a switch (or determination to switch) from a single TRP to a multi-TRP configuration may trigger measuring and / or reporting the measurements for the indicated CSI-IM resources with UL muting. For example, the WTRU 102 in a multi-TRP system may determine to switch from a single-TRP to a multi-TRP configuration and needs to determine the CLI from the other TRPs.

[0106] As a third example event, L1 / L2 triggered mobility (e.g., DCI or MAC-CE indicated handover) may trigger measuring and / or reporting the measurements for the indicated CSI-IM resources with UL muting. For example, a WTRU 102 with mobility7and in the middle of a L1 / L2 triggered mobility (LTM) handover procedure, may need to determine the CLI from neighbor nonserving cells.

[0107] For example, a trigger may be based on (e g., a supplementary indication in) a group- common DCI. A WTRU 102 may receive supplementary' configuration information in a UL muting command including a list of WTRUs to perform measurements during the UL-muting resources (e.g., based on indicated CSI-IM resources). In some embodiments, the trigger may be based on a block structure where a configured number of bits is allocated to each WTRU 102 (e.g., 1 -bit or 2 bits) indicating the WTRU’s respective behavior.

[0108] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may have determined or is configured to measure the interference signal strength in symbols with UL muting, the WTRU 102may perform (e.g.. in general) in cases where the WTRU 102 is configured with UL transmission in the indicated symbols with UL muting, then the WTRU 102 may drop the entire UL transmission instance and performs measurement. As another example, if the WTRU 102 is a WTRU-SBFD-capable WTRU, then the WTRU 102 may apply rate-matching for the configured resources with UL muting and performs measurement on the indicated CSI-IM resources.

[0109] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may measure the interference signal strength based on the indicated CSI-IM resources with UL muting. The WTRU 102 may use the measured interference signal strength to calculate the SINR.

[0110] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may report the calculated SINR and / or cross-link interference (CLI) Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) based on one or more configured report configurations that are associated with the indicated CSI-IM resources and / or the WTRU-specific DCI reception.

[0111] Conditional Non-Serving Cell SINR Measurement and Network-side Inter-WTRU CLI Mitigation

[0112] In certain representative embodiments, a WTRU 102 may determine one or more aggressor WTRU(s) which are in one or more neighbor non-serving cells based on measurements, and report the associated cell ID(s) and the measurements to the NW. In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may (e.g., optionally) request handover to one of the cells.

[0113] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may measure SINR based on CSI- IM resources ith and without UL muting, as described in additional detail herein.

[0114] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may measure CLI higher and / or SINR lower than the corresponding thresholds in UL- muted resources, and the WTRU 102 may determine that one or more of the dominant aggressor WTRUs are not in the serving cell (e.g., are camped on one or more neighbor cells).

[0115] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may (e.g., request and) receive information on and / or associated with one or more UL muting resources in one or more neighbor cells. The WTRU 102 may measure SINR for the neighbor non-serving cells based on the respective UL muting resources to identify the dominant interfering cells where the dominant aggressor WTRUs are camped on. For example, there may be gNB-to-gNB coordination to exchange at least semi-static configurations on UL muting resources in neighbor cells.

[0116] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may measure the reference signal received power (RSRP) of the identified dominant interfering cells (e.g., which correspond to the identified dominant aggressor WTRUs).

[0117] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may report information associated with the identified dominant interfering cells (e.g., based on PCI, cell ID, or other cell identifyinginformation). For example, the WTRU 102 may (e.g.. also) report the measured RSRP and SINR of the dominant aggressor WTRUs for any (e g., each) reported dominant interfering cells.

[0118] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may (e.g., optionally) send a HO request to the gNB to be switched to the cell with a (e.g., most) dominant aggressor WTRU, such as where the measured RSRP of the corresponding cell is higher than a threshold. For example, performing a HO to a cell with a dominant aggressor WTRU may be beneficial in that CLI mitigation may be more manageable if both victim and aggressor WTRUs are in the same cell (e.g., according to complexity, latency, overhead). In certain representative embodiments, the gNB may perform a L1 / L2 triggered mobility (LTM) handover procedure.

[0119] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 (e.g., optionally or alternatively) may determine that the measured RSRP for the identified dominant interfering cells are lower than a threshold. For example, the WTRU 102 may indicate to the gNB that a HO is not possible to these cells, and that the WTRU 102 is staying (e.g., or should stay or prefers to stay) in the serving cell, such as part of a CSI report. For example, the WTRU 102 may report the measured SINR from any (e.g., each) of the dominant aggressor WTRUs and the corresponding neighbor cells’ ID and measured RSRP to the gNB. In certain representative embodiments, the gNB may perform CLI mitigation via coordination with the reported neighbor cell.

[0120] Link Adaptation based on CLI Metric - SINR Calculation and Reporting

[0121] In certain representative embodiments, a WTRU 102 may perform SINR measurements and CLI measurements. For example, the aggressor WTRUs and / or the number of resources to be considered in measuring the SINR may be configured dynamically. For example, the gNB may use the received SINR measurements for dynamic link adaptation, selecting the best MCS, and / or scheduling.

[0122] In certain representative embodiments, a WTRU 102 may receive configuration information indicating on one or more time and / or frequency resources, reference signals, measurement quantities, and / or report configurations which may be associated with measuring SINR.

[0123] For example, the WTRU 102 may be configured with one or more first RSRP measurement resources (e.g., NZP resource(s) in a DL SB) for channel measurement. The first RSRP measurement resource (e.g., measurement) may be associated with a numerator part of the SINR.

[0124] For example, the WTRU 102 may be configured with one or more first RS SI measurement resources (e.g., ZP or CSI-IM resources in a DL SB) for interference measurement The first RSSI measurement resources (e.g., measurement) may be associated with a denominator part of the SINR.

[0125] In some representative embodiments, on condition that no other resources are configured for interference measurement associated with the first RSSI measurement resources, the WTRU 102 may determine the SINR based on (e.g., measurement of) the first RSRP measurement resources.

[0126] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may be configured with one or more second sets of RSRP measurement resources (e g., second resources maybe based on NZP CSI-IM resources) in a DL SB to measure one or more RSs (e.g., SRS-RSRP) such as from one or more potential aggressor WTRUs (e.g., transmitted in UL SBs).

[0127] For example, the second set of RSRP measurement resources may be different (e.g.. in time and / or frequency domain) from the first RSSI measurement resources. The second RSRP measurement resources may be used for inter-WTRU CLI measurement and / or the first RSSI measurement resources may be used for measuring other sources of interference (e.g., inter-beam, inter-layer interferences, etc.).

[0128] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may receive a (e.g.. dynamic) indication and / or configuration (e.g., via DCI, MAC-CE) on the aggressor WTRUs (e.g., via indicators such as SRIs, where each indicator or SRI indicates or is associated with a second set of RSRP resources) to be measured and / or the number of measured resources to be considered in calculating the SINR. For example, the WTRU 102 may receive configuration information (e.g., via DCI, MAC-CE) on which of the one or more second sets of RSRP resources to be measured (e.g., SRI1, SRI3, SRI4, etc.). For example, the WTRU 102 may receive configuration information (e.g., via DCI, MAC-CE) on how many of the strongest measured second RSRPs are to be used for calculating the SINR (e.g., top 2, top 4, etc. strongest (highest SRS-RSRP or most dominant / worst) aggressor WTRUs. or the ones causing the least 2. least 4, etc. weakest measured SINRs).

[0129] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may measure one or more SRS (e.g., from the aggressor WTRUs) in the indicated one or more second sets of RSRP resources. The WTRU 102 may determine one or more second measured RSRP values based on the measurements. For example, the WTRU 102 may select a subset of the measurements for use in the SINR calculation (e.g., in the denominator) based on the received configuration or indication.

[0130] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may derive the denominator part of the SINR based on both the first measured RSSI and the second measured RSRP values (e.g., the selected subset of the second measured RSRP values). For example, the WTRU 102 may use a function to derive a modified or biased version of the measured second RSRPs. For example, the function may be based on addition and / or weighting of the measured values. For example, the function may be pre-defined, pre-configured, and / or determined based on the parameters. TheWTRU 102 may add the modified or biased version of the measured second RSRP to the first measured RS SI into the denominator part of the SINR. In an example with three RSRP measurements (e.g., three selected RSRP measurements), the function may be represented as: RSSI + Weightl*RSRPl + Weight2*RSRP2 + Weight 3*RSRP3.

[0131] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may calculate or determine an SINR value as an SINR numerator (e.g., RSRP based on one or more measurements of the first RSRP resources) divided by an SINR denominator (e.g., calculated above based on the first measured RSSI and the second measured RSRP values).

[0132] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may report the calculated / determined SINR. For example, the WTRU 102 may (e.g., optionally) report the measured second RSRP along with the calculated SINR in addition to the corresponding SRIs that were used to calculate the reported SINR.

[0133] Common Terminology

[0134] The following abbreviations and acronyms may be used herein:Af Sub-carrier spacing gNB NR NodeB AP Aperiodic BFR Beam Failure Recovery BFD-RS Beam Failure Detection-Reference Signal BLER Block Error Rate BWP Bandwidth Part CA Carrier Aggregation CB Contention-Based (e.g. access, channel, resource) CCA Clear Channel Assessment CDM Code Division Multiplexing CG Cell Group CLI Cross-Link Interference CoMP Coordinated Multi-Point transmission / reception COT Channel Occupancy Time CP Cyclic Prefix CPE Common Phase Error CP-OFDM Conventional OFDM (relying on cyclic prefix) CQI Channel Quality Indicator CN Core Network (e.g. LTE packet core or NR core) CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check CSI Channel State Information CSI-IM Channel State Information-Interference Measurement CSI-RS Channel State Information-Reference Signal cu Central Unit D2D Device to Device transmissions (e.g., LTE Sidelink) DC Dual Connectivity DCI Downlink Control Information DL Downlink DM-RS Demodulation Reference Signal DRB Data Radio BearerDU Distributed UnitEN-DC E-UTRA - NR Dual ConnectivityEPC Evolved Packet CoreFD-CDM Frequency Domain-Code Division MultiplexingFDD Frequency Division DuplexingFDM Frequency Division MultiplexingICI Inter-Cell InterferenceICIC Inter-Cell Interference CancellationIP Internet ProtocolLBT Listen-Before-TalkLCH Logical ChannelLCID Logical Channel IdentityLCP Logical Channel PrioritizationLLC Low Latency CommunicationsLTE Long Term Evolution e.g. from 3GPP LTE R8 and upMAC Medium Access ControlMAC CE Medium Access Control Control ElementNACK Negative ACKMBMS Multimedia Broadcast Multicast SystemMCG Master Cell GroupMCS Modulation and Coding SchemeMIMO Multiple Input Multiple OutputMTC Machine-Type CommunicationsMR-DC Multi-RAT Dual ConnectivityNAS Non-Access Stratum NCB-RS New candidate beam-Reference Signal NE-DC NR-RAN - E-UTRA Dual Connectivity' NR New Radio NR-DC Dual ConnectivityNZP-CSLRS Non-zero-power CSI-RSOCC Orthogonal Cover CodeOFDM Orthogonal Frequency-Division MultiplexingOOB Out-Of-Band (emissions)P cmax Total available UE power in a given transmission intervalPcell Primary cell of Master Cell GroupPCG Primary Cell GroupPDU Protocol Data UnitPER Packet Error RatePHY Physical LayerPLMN Public Land Mobile NetworkPLR Packet Loss RatePRACH Physical Random-Access ChannelPRB Physical Resource BlockPRI PUCCH Resource IndicatorPRS Positioning Reference SignalPscell Primary cell of a Secondary cell groupPSS Primary Synchronization SignalPT-RS Phase Tracking-Reference SignalQoS Quality of Service (from the physical layer perspective)RAB Radio Access BearerRAN PA Radio Access Network Paging Area RACH Random Access Channel (or procedure)RAR Random Access Response RAT Radio Access Technology' RB Resource Block RCU Radio access network Central Unit RF Radio Front end RE Resource Element RLE Radio Link Failure RLM Radio Link Monitoring RNTI Radio Network Identifier RO Random Access Occasion ROM Read-Only Mode (for MBMS) RRC Radio Resource Control RRM Radio Resource Management RS Reference Signal RSRP Reference Signal Received Power RSRQ Reference Signal Received Quality RTT Round-Trip Time SBFD Subband non-overlapping full duplex SCG Secondary Cell Group SCMA Single Carrier Multiple Access scs Sub-Carrier Spacing SDU Sendee Data Unit SOM Spectrum Operation Mode SP Semi -persistent SpCell Primary cell of a master or secondary cell group. SRB Signaling Radio Bearer ss Synchronization Signal SRS Sounding Reference Signal sss Secondary Synchronization Signal SUL Supplementary UpLink SWG Switching Gap (in a self-contained subframe) TB Transport Block TBS Transport Block Size TCI Transmission Configuration Index TDD Time-Division Duplexing TDM Time-Division Multiplexing TI Time Interval (in integer multiple of one or more symbols) TTI Transmission Time Interval (integer multiple of 1+ symbols) TRP Transmission / Reception Point TRPG Transmission / Reception Point Group TRS Tracking Reference Signal TRx Transceiver UL Uplink URC Ultra-Reliable Communications URLLC Ultra-Reliable and Low Latency Communications V2X Vehicular communications WLAN Wireless Local Area Networks and related technologies (IEEE 802. xx domain) XDD Division Duplex ZP-CSI-RS Zero-power CSI-RS

[0135] Beams

[0136] In certain representative embodiments, a WTRU 102 may transmit or receive a physical channel or reference signal according to at least one spatial domain fdter. The term “beam” may be used to refer to a spatial domain fdter.

[0137] For example, a WTRU 102 may transmit a physical channel or signal using the same spatial domain fdter as the spatial domain fdter used for receiving an RS (such as a CSI-RS) or a SS block. The WTRU 1 2 transmission may be referred to as “target”, and the received RS or SS block may be referred to as “reference” or “source”. In such case, the WTRU 102 may be said to transmit the target physical channel or signal according to a spatial relation with a reference to such RS or SS block.

[0138] For example, a WTRU 102 may transmit a first physical channel or signal according to the same spatial domain filter as the spatial domain fdter used for transmitting a second physical channel or signal. The first and second transmissions may be referred to as “target” and “reference” (or “source”), respectively. In such case, the WTRU 102 may be said to transmit the first (e.g., target) physical channel or signal according to a spatial relation with a reference to the second (e.g., reference) physical channel or signal.

[0139] For example, a spatial relation may be implicit, configured by RRC or signaled by MAC CE or DCI. For example, a WTRU 102 may implicitly transmit PUSCH and DM-RS of PUSCH according to the same spatial domain filter as an SRS indicated by an SRI indicated in DCI or configured by RRC. In another example, a spatial relation may be configured by RRC for an SRS resource indicator (SRI) or signaled by MAC CE for a PUCCH. Such a spatial relation may also be referred to as a “beam indication”.

[0140] For example, a WTRU 102 may receive a first (e.g.. target) downlink channel or signal according to the same spatial domain filter or spatial reception parameter as a second (e.g., reference) downlink channel or signal. For example, such association may exist between a physical channel such as PDCCH or PDSCH and its respective DM-RS. At least when the first and second signals are reference signals, such an association may exist when the WTRU 102 is configured with a quasi-colocation (QCL) assumption type D between corresponding antenna ports. Such an association may be configured as a TCI (transmission configuration indicator) state. A WTRU 102 may be indicated an association between a CSI-RS or SS block and a DM-RS by an index to a set of TCI states configured by RRC and / or signaled by MAC CE. Such an indication may also be referred to as a “beam indication”.

[0141] Transmission Reception Points

[0142] In certain representative embodiments, a transmission and reception point (TRP) may be interchangeably used with one or more of transmission point (TP), reception point (RP), radio remote head (RRH), distributed antenna (DA), base station (BS), a sector (of a BS), and a cell(e.g.. a geographical cell area served by a BS). but still consistent with this invention. As used herein, the term “multi-TRP” may be interchangeably used with one or more of MTRP, M-TRP, and multiple TRPs, but still consistent with this invention.

[0143] Subbands

[0144] As used herein, the terms "subband” and / or “sub-band” may used to refer to a frequencydomain resource and may be characterized by at least one of the following: a set of resource blocks (RBs); a set of resource block sets (RB sets) (e.g. when a carrier has intra-cell guard bands); a set of interlaced RBs; a bandwidth part (BWP) or portion thereof; and / or a carrier or portion thereof

[0145] For example, a subband may be characterized by a starting RB and number of RBs for a set of contiguous RBs within a bandwidth part. For example, a subband may (e.g., also) be defined by the value of a frequency-domain resource allocation field and bandwidth part index.

[0146] Duplexing

[0147] As used herein, the term “XDD” may be used to refer to a subband-wise duplex (e.g., either UL or DL being used per subband) and may be characterized by at least one of the following: cross division duplex (e.g., subband-wise FDD within a TDD band); subband non-overlapping full duplex (SBFD); subband-based full duplex (e.g., full duplex as both UL and DL are used and / or mixed on a symbol and / or slot, but either UL or DL being used per subband on the symbol and / or slot); frequency-domain multiplexing (FDM) of DL and / or UL transmissions within a TDD spectrum; a subband non-overlapping full duplex (e.g., non-overlapped sub-band full-duplex); a full duplex other than a same-frequency (e.g., spectrum sharing, subband-wise-overlapped) full duplex; and an advanced duplex method other than (e.g., pure) TDD or FDD.

[0148] Dynamic / Flexible TDD

[0149] As used herein, the term “dynamic TDD’7and / or “flexible TDD” may be used to refer to a TDD system / cell which may dynamically and / or flexibly change, adjust, and / or switch a communication direction (e.g., a downlink, an uplink, or a sidelink, etc.) on a time instance (e.g., slot, symbol, subframe, and / or other transmission time interval). In an example, in a system employing dynamic / flexible TDD. a component carrier (CC) or a bandwidth part (BWP) may have one single type among ‘D’, ‘U’, and ‘F’ on a symbol and / or slot, such as based on an indication by a group-common downlink control information (GC-DCI) (e.g., format 2_0) that includes a slot format indicator (SFI), and / or based on tdd-UL-DL-config-common / dedicated configurations. On a given time instance, slot, and / or symbol, a first gNB (e.g., cell, TRP) employing dynamic / flexible TDD may transmit a downlink signal to a first WTRU 102 being communicated / associated with the first gNB based on a first SFI and / or tdd-UL-DL-config configured / indicated by the first gNB, and a second gNB (e.g., cell, TRP) employing dy namic / flexible TDD may receive an uplink signal transmitted from a second WTRU 102 being communicated / associated with the second gNB basedon a second SFI and / or tdd-UL-DL-config configured / indicated by the second gNB. In an example, the first WTRU 102 may determine that the reception of the downlink signal is being interfered by the uplink signal, where the interference caused by the uplink signal may refer to a WTRU-to- WTRU cross-layer interference (CLI).

[0150] CSI Components

[0151] In certain representative embodiments, a WTRU 102 may report a subset of channel state information (CSI) components, where CSI components may correspond to at least a CSI-RS resource indicator (CRI), a SSB resource indicator (SSBRI), an indication of a panel used for reception at the WTRU 102 (such as a panel identity or group identity), measurements such as Ll- RSRP, Ll-SINR taken from SSB or CSI-RS (e.g., cn-RSRP, cn-SINR, ssb-Index-RSRP, ssb- Index-SINR), and / or other channel state information such as a rank indicator (RI), a channel quality indicator (CQI), a precoding matrix indicator (PMI), a Layer Index (LI), and / or the like.

[0152] Channel and Interference Measurements

[0153] In certain representative embodiments, a WTRU 102 may receive a synchronization signal / physical broadcast channel (SS / PBCH) block. The SS / PBCH block (SSB) may include a primary synchronization signal (PSS), secondary7synchronization signal (SSS), and / or physical broadcast channel (PBCH). The WTRU 102 may monitor, receive, or attempt to decode an SSB during initial access, initial synchronization, radio link monitoring (RUM), cell search, cell switching, and so forth.

[0154] In certain representative embodiments, a WTRU 102 may measure and report the channel state information (CSI). For example, the CSI (e.g., for each connection mode) may include or be configured with one or more of following: a CSI report configuration, a CSI-RS resource set, and / or NZP CSI-RS resources.

[0155] For example, a CSI Report Configuration may include any of the following: a CSI report quantity (e.g., Channel Quality Indicator (CQI), Rank Indicator (RI), Precoding Matrix Indicator (PMI), CSI-RS Resource Indicator (CRI). Layer Indicator (LI), or other quantity); a CSI report type (e.g., aperiodic, semi persistent, periodic); a CSI report codebook configuration (e.g., Type I, Type II, Type II port selection, etc ); and / or a CSI report frequency.

[0156] For example, a CSI-RS resource set may include one or more of the following CSI resource settings: aNZP-CSI-RS resource for channel measurement; aNZP-CSI-RS resource for interference measurement; and / or a CSI-IM resource for interference measurement.

[0157] For example, a NZP CSI-RS resource may include one or more of the following: a NZP CSI-RS Resource ID; a Periodicity and offset; QCL information and / or TCI-state; and / or a resource mapping (e.g., number of ports, density, CDM type, etc.).

[0158] In certain representative embodiments, a WTRU 102 may indicate, determine, or be configured with one or more reference signals. The WTRU 102 may monitor, receive, and measure one or more parameters based on the respective reference signals. For example, one or more of the following may apply. The following parameters are non-limiting examples of the parameters that may be included in reference signal (s) measurements. One or more of these parameters may be included. Other parameters may be included.

[0159] In certain representative embodiments, a SS reference signal received power (SS-RSRP) may be measured based on the synchronization signals (e.g., DMRS in PBCH or SSS). For example, SS-RSRP may be defined as the linear average over the power contribution of the resource elements (RE) that carry the respective synchronization signal. In measuring the RSRP, power scaling for the reference signals may be required. In cases where SS-RSRP is used for Ll- RSRP, the measurement may be accomplished based on CSI reference signals (e.g., in addition to the synchronization signals).

[0160] In certain representative embodiments, a CSI-RSRP may be measured based on the linear average over the power contribution of the REs that carry the respective CSI-RS. The CSI-RSRP measurement may be configured within measurement resources for the configured CSI-RS occasions.

[0161] In certain representative embodiments, a SS signal -to-noise and interference ratio (SS- SINR) may be measured based on the synchronization signals (e.g., DMRS in PBCH or SSS). For example, SS-SINR may be defined as the linear average over the power contribution of the REs that carry the respective synchronization signal divided by the linear average of the noise and interference power contribution. In cases where SS-SINR is used for Ll-SINR, the noise and interference power measurement may be accomplished based on resources configured by higher layers.

[0162] In certain representative embodiments, a CSI-SINR may be measured based on the linear average over the power contribution of the REs that carry' the respective CSI-RS divided by the linear average of the noise and interference power contribution. In cases where CSI-SINR is used for Ll -SINR, the noise and interference power measurement may be accomplished based on resources configured by higher layers. As another example, the noise and interference power may be measured based on the resources that carry the respective CSI-RS.

[0163] In certain representative embodiments, a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) may be measured based on the average of the total power contribution in configured OFDM symbols and bandwidth. The power contribution may be received from different resources (e.g., co-channel serving and non-serving cells, adjacent channel interference, thermal noise, and so forth)

[0164] In certain representative embodiments, a cross-layer interference received signal strength indicator (CLI-RSSI) may be measured based on the average of the total power contribution in configured OFDM symbols of the configured time and frequency resources. The power contribution may be received from different resources (e.g., cross-layer interference, co-channel serving and non-serving cells, adjacent channel interference, thermal noise, and so forth)

[0165] In certain representative embodiments, a sounding reference signal RSRP (SRS-RSRP) may be measured based on the linear average over the power contribution of the resource elements (RE) that carry the respective SRS(s).

[0166] In certain representative embodiments, a secondary synchronization signal reference signal received quality (SS-RSRQ) may be measured based on measurements of the reference signal received power (SS-RSRP) and received signal strength (RSSI). In an example, the SS- RSRQ may be calculated as the ratio of NxSS-RSRP / NR carrier RSSI, where N may be determined based on the number of resource blocks that are in the corresponding NR carrier RSSI measurement bandwidth. In some embodiments, the measurements to be used in the numerator and denominator may be over the same set of resource blocks.

[0167] In certain representative embodiments, a CSI reference signal received quality (C SIRS RQ) may be measured based on measurements of the reference signal received power (CSI- RSRP) and received signal strength (RSSI). In an example, the SS-RSRQ may be calculated as the ratio of N*CSI-RSRP / CSI-RSSI, where N may be determined based on the number of resource blocks that are in the corresponding CSI-RSSI measurement bandwidth. As such, the measurements to be used in the numerator and denominator may be over the same set of resource blocks.

[0168] Grants and Assignments

[0169] In certain representative embodiments, a grant and / or an assignment may include any of the following: frequency allocation information; time allocation information, such as a duration; a priority; a modulation and coding scheme (MCS); a transport block size; a number of spatial layers; a number of transport blocks; a TCI state. CRI, and / or SRI; a number of repetitions; information indicating a repetition scheme is Type A or Type B; information indicating the grant is a configured grant type 1, type 2, or a dynamic grant; information indicating the assignment is a dynamic assignment or a semi-persistent scheduling (e g., configured) assignment; a configured grant index or a semi-persistent assignment index; a periodicity of a configured grant or assignment; a channel access priority class (CAPC); and / or any parameter provided in a DCL by MAC and / or by RRC for the scheduling the grant or assignment.

[0170] In certain representative embodiments, information indicated (e.g., explicitly or implicitly) by signaling, such as DCI, may include any of the following. For example, an (e.g.,explicit) indication may use a DCI field or by RNTI used to mask or scramble the CRC of the DCI. For example, an (e g., implicit) indication may use a property, such as DCI format, DCI size, Coreset or search space, Aggregation Level, and / or first resource element of the received DCI (e.g., index of first Control Channel Element). For example, a mapping between the property and the value may be signaled by RRC or MAC.

[0171] In certain representative embodiments, receiving and / or monitoring for a DCI with or using an RNTI may refer to the CRC of the DCI being masked or scrambled with the RNTI.

[0172] Other Terms

[0173] In certain representative embodiments, the term 'signal’' may be interchangeably used with any of following: sounding reference signal (SRS); channel state information - reference signal (CSI-RS); demodulation reference signal (DM-RS); phase tracking reference signal (PT- RS); and / or synchronization signal block (SSB).

[0174] In certain representative embodiments, the term "‘channel” may be interchangeably used with any of following: physical downlink control channel (PDCCH); physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH); physical uplink control channel (PUCCH); physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH); and / or physical random access channel (PRACH).

[0175] In certain representative embodiments, the term “downlink reception” may be used interchangeably with Rx occasion. PDCCH, PDSCH, and / or SSB reception.

[0176] In certain representative embodiments, the term “uplink transmission” may be used interchangeably with Tx occasion, PUCCH, PUSCH, PRACH, and / or SRS transmission.

[0177] In certain representative embodiments, the terms “reference signal” and / or “RS” may be interchangeably used with any of RS resource, RS resource set, RS port, RS port group, SSB, CSI- RS. SRS. and / or DM-RS.

[0178] In certain representative embodiments, the terms “time instance”, “slot”, “symbol”, “frame”, “subframe”, and / or “transmission time interval” may be used interchangeably.

[0179] In certain representative embodiments, the terms UL-only and DL-only Tx and / or Rx occasions may interchangeably be used with legacy TDD UL or legacy TDD DL, respectively. For example, the legacy TDD UL and / or DL Tx and / or Rx occasions may refer to TX and / or RX occasions where SBFD is not configured and / or where SBFD is disabled.

[0180] In certain representative embodiments, any of the terms received signal pow er, received signal energy, received signal strength, SSB EPRE. CSI EPRE, RSRP. RSSI, SINR. RSRQ, SS- RSRP, SS-RSSI, SS-SINR, SS-RSRQ, CSI-RSRP, CSI-RSSI, CSI-SINR, and CSI-RSRQ may be used interchangeably.

[0181] In certain representative embodiments, the term CLI may be used interchangeably with interference.

[0182] In certain representative embodiments, the term non-SBFD may be used interchangeably with operation without SBFD, TDD, legacy TDD.

[0183] In certain representative embodiments, the terms ‘UE is configured’, ‘UE is indicated’, ‘UE receives configuration', and so forth, may imply that the configuration is indicated, for example, via RRC, MAC-CE, DCI, MIB, SIB, and so forth, unless indicated otherwise. For example, ‘UE is configured’ may imply ’UE is configured via RRC, MAC-CE, MIB, SIB, and so forth’.

[0184] Common Components

[0185] SBFD

[0186] In certain representative embodiments, a WTRU 102 may be configured with one or more types of slots within a bandwidth. For example, a first type of slot may be used and / or determined for a first direction (e.g., downlink); a second type of slot may be used and / or determined for a second direction (e.g., uplink); a third type of slot may have a first group of frequency resources within the bandw idth for a first direction and a second group of frequency resources within the bandwidth for a second direction.

[0187] In certain representative embodiments, the term band idth may be interchangeably used with bandwidth part (BWP), carrier, subband, and / or system bandwidth.

[0188] In certain representative embodiments, the term “first type of slot” (e.g., the slot for a first direction) may be referred to as a downlink slot.

[0189] In certain representative embodiments, the term “second type of slot” (e.g., slot for a second direction) may be referred to as an uplink slot.

[0190] In certain representative embodiments, the term “third type of slot” may be referred to as a SBFD slot.

[0191] In certain representative embodiments, the term “group of frequency resources for a first direction” may be referred to as a downlink subband, downlink frequency resource, and / or downlink RBs.

[0192] In certain representative embodiments, the term “group of frequency resources for a second direction” may be referred to as an uplink subband, uplink frequency resource, and / or uplink RBs.

[0193] In certain representative embodiments, the term “group of frequency resources for a flexible direction” (e.g., that can be configured for a first direction, second direction, etc.) may be referred to as a flexible subband, flexible frequency resource, and / or flexible RBs.

[0194] In certain representative embodiments, the term “group of frequency resources between a first direction and a second direction” may be referred to as guard band, guard frequency resource, and / or guard RBs.

[0195] In certain representative embodiments, a (e.g.. SBFD-enabled) WTRU 102 may receive or be configured with one or more SBFD UL or DL subbands in one or more DL / UL / flexible TDD time instances (e.g., symbols, slots, frames, and so forth). The WTRU 102 may be configured with one or more resource allocations for SBFD subbands.

[0196] In certain representative embodiments, a SBFD configuration may include a flag signal (e.g., enabled / disabled). For example, a first value (e.g., zero (0)) may indicate a first mode of operation (e.g., SBFD configuration), and a second value (e.g., one (1)) may indicate a second mode of operation (e.g., non-SBFD operation). The modes of operation (e.g., SBFD and / or non- SBFD) may be indicated via MIB. SIB, semi-statically (e g., via RRC). dynamic (e.g., via MAC- CE, DCI), and so forth. A WTRU 102 may receive information indicating a set of time resources (e.g., one or more symbols, slots, and so forth), for which the first mode of operation (e.g., SBFD) is defined in, for example, one or more BWPs, subbands, component carriers (CC), cells, and so forth. A WTRU 102 may receive information indicating a set of frequency resources (e.g., subbands and / or BWPs including one or more PRBs) within a (active and / or linked) BWP, for which the first mode of operation (e g., SBFD) is configured. The time instances (e.g., slots, symbols) may be indicated based on periodic, semi-persistent, or aperiodic configurations. In an example, the time instances may be indicated via a bitmap configuration, such as where each bit corresponds to a time instance (e.g., slot, symbol, subframe, etc.) and each bit indication indicates whether a corresponding time instance can be used for the first or second mode of operation.

[0197] In certain representative embodiments, a WTRU 102 may be configured with a DL TDD configuration for a component carrier (CC) and / or a BWP for one or more Rx occasions (e.g., via tdd-UL-DL-config-common / dedicated configurations, slot format indicator (SFI), and so forth). For example, if the first mode of operation (e.g.. SBFD) is configured, one or more of the configured frequency resources (e g., subbands, PRBs, and / or BWPs) may be configured for the transmission in UL channels and / or Tx occasions.

[0198] In certain representative embodiments, a WTRU 102 may be configured with an UL TDD configuration for a component carrier (CC) and / or a BWP for one or more Tx occasions (e.g., via tdd-UL-DL-config-common / dedicated configurations, slot format indicator (SFI), and so forth). For example, if the first mode of operation (e.g., SBFD) is configured, one or more of the configured frequency resources (e.g., subbands. PRBs, and / or BWPs) may be configured as the DL channels and / or Rx occasions.

[0199] In certain representative embodiments, a WTRU 102 may be configured with a DL, UL, and / or flexible TDD configuration for a component carrier (CC) and / or a BWP for one or more Rx / Tx occasions (e.g., via tdd-UL-DL-config-common / dedicated configurations, slot format indicator (SFI), and so forth). For example, if the first mode of operation (e.g., SBFD) isconfigured, one or more of the configured frequency resources (e.g., subbands. PRBs, and / or BWPs) may be configured for the first mode of operation (e g., either UL transmission or DL reception based on the configurations).

[0200] In certain representative embodiments, a duplexing mode for the first mode of operation (e.g., SBFD configuration (UL / DL)) may be indicated via a flag indication. For example, a first value (e.g., zero (0)) may indicate a first mode (e g., a UL duplexing mode), and a second the value (e.g., one (1)) may indicate a second mode (e.g., a DL duplexing mode).

[0201] In certain representative embodiments, a duplexing mode configuration and / or flag for the first mode of operation (e.g., SBFD) may be configured as a part of modes of an operation configuration that can be semi-static (e.g., via RRC) or dynamic (e.g., via DCI, MAC-CE).

[0202] In certain representative embodiments, a duplexing mode configuration and / or flag for the first mode of operation (e.g., SBFD) may be configured as part of a resource allocation configuration for a Tx / Rx occasion.

[0203] CLI Measurement

[0204] In certain representative embodiments, a WTRU 102 may be configured, determined, and / or indicated to perform a measurement of CLI-RSSI in a given time period. For example, the given time period may be one or more slots, OFDM symbols, resource blocks (RBs), and / or resource elements (REs). The CLI-RSSI which may be measured in a given time and / or frequency resource may be referred to as LI -CLI-RSSI, short-term CLI-RSSI, aperiodic CLI-RSSI, and so forth.

[0205] In certain representative embodiments, a WTRU 102 may be configured, determined, and / or indicated to perform a measurement of RSRP based on one or more reference signals (e.g., SRS-RSRP) in the context of CLI measurement in a given time period. For example, the given time period may be one or more slots, OFDM symbols, resource blocks (RBs), and / or resource elements (REs). The SRS-RSRP which may be measured in a given time / frequency resource may be referred to as Ll-SRS-RSRP. short-term SRS-RSRP, aperiodic SRS-RSRP, SRS-RSRP-CLI, and so forth.

[0206] In certain representative embodiments, CLI-RSSI, LI -CLI-RSSI, CLI, interference signal strength, SINR, and RS SI may be used interchangeably.

[0207] In certain representative embodiments, SRS-RSRP, SRS-RSRP-CLI, Ll-SRS-RSRP, and RSRP may be used interchangeably.

[0208] In certain representative embodiments, one or more RSSI (or RSRP) types may be used and a WTRU 102 may be configured to perform one or more RSSI (or RSRP) types (e.g., of measurement). For example, a first RSSI (or RSRP) ty pe may be based on a measurement over a long time period (e.g., more than one slot) and / or the measurement may be reported via a higherlayer signaling (e.g., RRC. MAC). For example, a second RSSI (or RSRP) type may be based on a measurement over a short time period (e g., one slot, within a slot, one or more OFDM symbols within a slot) and / or the measurement may be reported via LI signaling (e.g., PUCCH, PUSCH, RACH, SRS).

[0209] In certain representative embodiments. RSSI may be interchangeably used with RSRP, RSRQ, and / or SINR.

[0210] In certain representative embodiments, CLI-RSSI may be interchangeably used with SRS-RSRP and / or SINR.

[0211] In certain representative embodiments, a WTRU 102 may be configured with a set of time / frequency resource to measure LI -CLI-RSSI. For example, the time / frequency resource(s) for LI -CLI-RSSI measurement may be referred to as CLI-RSSI Measurement Resources (CRMRs).

[0212] For example, a CRMR may be a resource configured, determined, or defined (e.g., via RRC. MAC-CE, DCI). For example, a CRMR may be determined via CLI-ResourceConfig, CLI- ResourceConfig-r-16, and so forth.

[0213] In certain representative embodiments, a CRMR may be associated with one or more of following properties.

[0214] For example, a CRMR may be associated with a set of muted REs in a downlink resource (e.g., PDSCH). For example, the muted REs may be rate-matched around or punctured for downlink reception and / or uplink transmission. For example, a CRMR may be associated with a set of muted REs that may have a same pattern (e.g., same time / frequency location) in each RB. For example, a CRMR may be associated with a set of muted REs that may have a different pattern based on the RB location. For example, a first pattern may be used for the RBs located in an edge of the scheduled RBs and a second pattern may be used for the RBs located in a center of the scheduled RBs. The first pattern and the second pattern may have a different number of muted RES. For example, a CRMR may be associated with a set of muted REs that may be in the form of zero-power resources (e.g., CSI-RS and / or ZP-CSI-RS).

[0215] For example, a CRMR may be associated with a set of REs not scheduled or used for the WTRU 102 measuring CRMR.

[0216] For example, a CRMR may be associated with a set of REs may be located in an RB which may be configured or determined as guard band (or guard RB). A guard band (or guard RB) may be located in between uplink and downlink resources. In some embodiments, a WTRU 102 may skip receiving or transmitting a signal in a guard band.

[0217] For example, a CRMR may be associated with one or more reference signals (e.g., DMRS. SRS. sidelink CSI-RS. etc ).

[0218] For example, a CRMR may be associated with a second set of DMRS REs within a second CDM group (e.g., within a scheduled downlink resource / RBs, e.g., of PDSCH). A WTRU 102 may receive a DCI, scheduling the PDSCH, indicating a first set of DMRS REs corresponding to a first CDM group to be used for receiving the PDSCH. In an example, the WTRU 102 may receive the DCI, scheduling the PDSCH. indicating a first set of DMRS REs corresponding to a first CDM group, such as based on an indicated (e.g., DMRS) antenna port field of the DCI. In response to receiving the DCI, the WTRU 102 may determine that a second set of DMRS REs within a second CDM group (other than the first CDM group) may be used as the CRMR (e.g., within the scheduled PDSCH).

[0219] For example, a CRMR may be located within a scheduled resource (e.g., scheduled PDSCH RBs).

[0220] For example, a CRMR may be configured commonly for a set of WTRUs (e.g., WTRUs in proximity). For example, a gNB may configure a CRMR for a group of WTRUs. For example, the group of WTRUs may share one or more of following: a group-ID to receive a DCI (e.g., a group-RNTI); a zone-ID, such as where the zone-ID may be determined based on a geographical location of the WTRU 102 (e.g., GNSS); and / or WTRUs paired for sidelink unicast (or groupcast) transmission.

[0221] Ll-CLI-RSSI measurement (including CRMR resource) may be considered as CSI reporting quantity and configured as a part of CSI reporting setting.

[0222] For example, a CRMR may be configured in a first subband type (e.g., DL subbands) to measure the (e.g., effect of) one or more reference signals received in a second subband type (e.g., UL subbands). The reference signals may be received and measured in resources that may be identified, such as zero-power or muted resources. The WTRU 102 may be configured, determined, or indicated to measure the effect of reference signals being transmitted in other resources (e.g., a second type resources, such as UL subbands) in these resources (e.g., a first type resources, such as DL subbands). For example, a first WTRU 102 may be configured to measure SRS-RSRP in DL subbands on an SBFD configuration, where the SRS is transmitted by a second WTRU 1 2 in the UL subbands. For example, a first WTRU 102 may measure SRS-RSRP based of the configured SRS signaling in the DL subbands. For example, the WTRU 102 may measure the CLI-RSSI based on the configured SRS signaling in the UL subbands.

[0223] In certain representative embodiments, a WTRU 102 may be configured, determined, or indicated to perform a delta CLI-RSSI, which may be based on a first CLI-RSSI measurement in a first time / frequency location and a second CLI-RSSI measurement in a second time / frequency location. For example, one or more of following may be applicable. The delta CLI-RSSI (e.g., delta-CLI-RSSI) may be a difference between a first CLI-RSSI (e.g., CLI-RSSH) and a secondCLI-RSSI (e.g., CLI-RSSI2). For example. delta-CLI-RSSI = CLLRSSI1 - CL-RSSI2 (or delta- CLI-RSSI = CLI-RSSI2 - CL-RSSI1, etc ). The first CLI-RSSI may be measured from CRMR resources located at or around the edge of the scheduled RBs while the second CLI-RSSI may be measured from CRMR resources located in the middle of the scheduled RBs. A WTRU 102 may be configured with a first CRMR resource for the first CLI-RSSI measurement and a second CRMR resource for the second CLI-RSSI measurement. A WTRU 102 may determine to report CLI measurement related information when a measured delta-CLLRSSI is larger than a threshold. For example, CLI reporting may be triggered based on the delta-CLI-RSSI measurement being larger than a (e.g., predetermined or configured) threshold.

[0224] In certain representative embodiments, a WTRU 102 may be configured or determined to measure CLI-RSSI per subband level. For example, a subband may be configured or predetermined and a WTRU 102 may perform CLI-RSSI measurement in each subband. One or more of following may be applicable. A subband size may be determined based on the number of scheduled RBs (e.g.. for PDSCH). The WTRU 102 may report CLI-RSSI measurement for any (e.g., all) subbands. The WTRU 102 may report a subset of CLI-RSSI, such as where the subset may be determined based on one or more conditions (e.g., CLI-RSSI value above threshold, subband location (e.g., edge of scheduled RBs), and / or subband index).

[0225] In certain representative embodiments, a WTRU 102 may determine a bandwidth of beam measurement and / or reporting (e.g., wideband or subband). For example, a bandwidth of beam measurement and / or reporting based on one or more of following conditions: a time unit type, and / or a presence of CLI-RSSI measurement. A time unit type may refer to SBFD and / or non- SBFD. For example, a WTRU 102 may report wideband CRI (e g., wideband beam index) in non- SBFD time units (e.g., symbol, slot, and so forth) and / or the WTRU 102 may report subband CRI (e.g., subband beam index) in SBFD time units. A bandwidth of beam measurement and / or reporting may be determined based on whether CLI-RSSI is measured (e.g., present) in the same slot or not.

[0226] In certain representative embodiments, a WTRU 102 may be indicated to perform CLI- RSSI measurement in a specific frequency location within scheduled RBs (or non-scheduled RBs), such as where the specific frequency location may be (e.g., determined as) one or more of subbands, RBs. and / or REs. For example, the indication may be in a DCI which may trigger the CLI-RSSI measurement (e.g., aperiodic CLI-RSSI measurement). For example, a specific frequency location may be indicated based on the CRMR resource frequency location. For example, one or more CRMR resources may be configured and each CRMR resource may be located in a specific frequency location based on configuration information. As an example, a WTRU 102 may be indicated to perform measurement on a CRMR resource indicated in a DCI.

[0227] Dynamic Uplink Muting Indication, Measurement, and Reporting

[0228] In certain representative embodiments, a WTRU 102 may receive information (e.g., a dynamic indication), on CSI-IM resources with UL-muting in a serving cell, indicating to measure interference, such as CLI, (e.g., from non-serving cells) and to calculate SINR accordingly. In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may (e.g., optionally) report the measurements.

[0229] In certain representative embodiments, a WTRU 102 may receive configuration information on and / or associated with one or more group-common DCI including a group-ID.

[0230] In certain representative embodiments, a WTRU 102 may receive a group-common DCI (e.g., a DCI with CRC scrambled with a UL-Muting-G-RNTI) indicating a UL muting command in addition to (e.g., one or more) configuration information on and / or associated with UL muting resources.

[0231] For example, the WTRU 102 may be (pre)configured with one or more CSI report configurations (e.g., aperiodic) associated with one or more CSI-IM resources (e.g., in one or more DL subbands).

[0232] For example, a received group-common indication may indicate if UL muting is activated or deactivated (e.g., in one or more UL subbands) at one or more same symbols as at least one of the configured CSI-IM resources. The indication may identify or be associated with the time and / or frequency resources where the UL muting is taking place, such as the starting symbol, slot, time instance and / or the length of the UL muting. The indication may also include or be associated with information on and / or associated with a periodicity of the UL muting, such as whether it is periodic, semi-persistent, or aperiodic (e.g., one-shot UL muting for a period of time starting from an indicated symbol).

[0233] For example, a UL muting command may include information indicating (e.g., indications on) whether UL muting is taking place in the entire UL subband and / or BWP, or only on some RBs (e.g., a (pre)defmed number of RBs closer to boundaries in SBFD configurations).

[0234] In certain representative embodiments, a WTRU 102 may trigger measuring or determine to trigger measuring of the indicated CSI-IM resources with UL muting and / or send reporting information.

[0235] For example, a WTRU-specific DCI reception may be used as a trigger. The WTRU 102 may receive a WTRU-specific DCI (e.g., DCI 0 0, DCI 0 1, CSI triggering DCI) triggering to measure and report the indicated CSI-IM resources with UL muting. The WTRU 102 may receive report configurations via DCI as well.

[0236] For example, a trigger may be event based. The WTRU 102 may determine or detect one or more events that require measuring interference signal strength in symbols with UL muting. Assuch, upon reception of the UL muting command, the WTRU 102 may use the indicated CSI-IM resources to perform measurement. The WTRU 102 may use CSI report configurations associated with the measured CSI-IM resources for reporting the measured SINR.

[0237] As a first example event, low SINR on CSI-IM resources (e.g., without muting) may trigger measuring and / or reporting the measurements for the indicated CSI-IM resources with UL muting. For example, a WTRU 102 has measured low SINR based on general CSI-IM resources (e.g., without UL muting) and wants to determine whether the source of CLI and low SINR is from the serving cell or the neighbor (e.g.. non-serving) cells.

[0238] As a second example event, a switch (or determination to switch) from a single TRP to a multi-TRP configuration may trigger measuring and / or reporting the measurements for the indicated CSI-IM resources with UL muting. For example, the WTRU 102 in a multi-TRP system may determine to switch from a single-TRP to a multi-TRP configuration and needs to determine the CLI from the other TRPs.

[0239] As a third example event, L1 / L2 triggered mobility (e.g., DCI or MAC-CE indicated handover) may trigger measuring and / or reporting the measurements for the indicated CSI-IM resources with UL muting. For example, a WTRU 102 with mobility and in the middle of a L1 / L2 triggered mobility' (LTM) handover procedure, may need to determine the CLI from neighbor nonserving cells.

[0240] For example, a trigger may be based on (e.g., a supplementary indication in) a group- common DCI. A WTRU 102 may receive supplementary' configuration information in a UL muting command including a list of WTRUs to perform measurements during the UL -muting resources (e.g., based on indicated CSI-IM resources). In some embodiments, the trigger may be based on a block structure where a configured number of bits is allocated to each WTRU 102 (e.g., 1 -bit or 2 bits) indicating the WTRU’s respective behavior.

[0241] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may have determined or is configured to measure the interference signal strength in symbols with UL muting, the WTRU 102 may perform (e.g., in general) in cases where the WTRU 102 is configured with UL transmission in the indicated symbols with UL muting, then the WTRU 102 may drop the entire UL transmission instance and performs measurement. As another example, if the WTRU 102 is a WTRU-SBFD-capable WTRU, then the WTRU 102 may apply rate-matching for the configured resources with UL muting and performs measurement on the indicated CSI-IM resources.

[0242] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may measure the interference signal strength based on the indicated CSI-IM resources with UL muting. The WTRU 102 may use the measured interference signal strength to calculate the SINR.

[0243] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may report the calculated SINR and / or cross-link interference (CLI) Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) based on one or more configured report configurations that are associated with the indicated CSI-IM resources and / or the WTRU-specific DCI reception.

[0244] Resource Allocations for UL Transmission Occasions

[0245] In certain representative embodiments, a WTRU 102 may receive information indicating, or be configured with, one or more resource allocation settings for uplink transmissions (e.g., channels and / or signals) in one or more Tx occasions.

[0246] For example, for a control uplink transmission (e.g., PUCCH). the resource allocation and / or configuration may include one or more settings and / or parameters, such as starting PRB, second hop starting PRB, number of PRBs, number of slots, starting symbol index, PUCCH format, cyclic shift, and / or OCC config, and the like that may be indicated based on a PUCCH resource index and / or indicator (e.g.. PUCCH-Resourceld).

[0247] For example, for a downlink (e.g.. shared) channel transmission (e.g.. PDSCH) configured by semi-static indications (e.g., SPS PDSCH configured by SPS-Conflg), the WTRU 102 may determine, receive, and / or be configured with an associated PUCCH resource index and / or indicator to be used for sending corresponding control information (e.g., HARQ-ACK. CSI report, and so forth). For instance, the time resources (e.g., slot) for transmission of HARQ-ACK in a respective PUCCH transmission may be defined, such as based on one or more RRC- configured parameters (e.g., KI defined via dl-DataToUL-ACK in PUCCH-Config in BWP- UplinkDedicaied). and / or activated by DCI (e.g., format 1 1 or 1_2 with a value of PDSCH-to- HARQ Jeedback timing indicator field).

[0248] For example, for an uplink shared channel transmission (e.g.. PUSCH), the resource allocation and / or configuration may be indicated based on one or more settings and / or parameters, such as time resources (e.g., timeDomainAllocation), frequency resources (e.g., frequencyDomainAllocation), periodicity, and / or repetition, and so forth. For example, for a PUSCH transmission corresponding to a first configured grant (e.g., Type 1) or for a PUSCH transmission corresponding to a second configured grant (e.g.. Type 2) and activated (e.g., by DCI), the resource allocations may be provided by one or more parameters (e.g., via ConfiguredGrantConfig in BWP-UplinkDedicated and / or activating UL grant received on the DCI). In another example, a frequency domain resource allocation (FDRA) may be indicated in the DCI indicating the multiple PUSCH transmissions (e.g., repetitions). The FDRA may be received via RRC configuration, such as in a configured grant configuration.

[0249] In some embodiments, the WTRU 102 may receive a DCI (e.g., an UL grant DCI) scheduling a PUSCH. For a PUSCH transmission corresponding to an UL grant (e.g., dynamic-grant), the time domain resource allocation (TDRA) value (e.g., in DCI) may indicate any of the slot offset (e.g., K2 via indexed row), the start and / or length indicator (e g., SLIV), or (e.g., directly) indicate the start symbol and the allocation length, respective PUSCH mapping ty pe, the number of slots used for TBS determination, and / or the number of repetitions for the PUSCH transmission.

[0250] Modes of Operation in Resources with UL Muting

[0251] In certain representative embodiments, a WTRU 102 may receive one or more indications, commands, and / or configuration information (e.g., from a gNB) on resources where UL muting is taking, or is to take, place. Upon reception of the one or more indications, commands, and / or configuration information, the WTRU 102 may determine the time and / or frequency resources where the WTRU 102 cannot and / or should not transmit (e.g., determined, configured, scheduled, and / or granted) UL transmissions. In an example, an UL transmission occasions may include any of SRS, PRACH, configured PUSCH, dynamic grant PUSCH, PUSCH scheduled by non-fallback DCI formats (e.g.. DCI formats 0 1 and 0 2), PUCCH, UCI, HARQ-ACK. etc. Based on the received configuration on the UL muting, the WTRU 102 may (e.g., also) determine the time and / or frequency resources where other WTRUs may not transmit respective (e.g., configured, scheduled, and / or granted) UL transmissions.

[0252] In certain representative embodiments, the terms resources, time and / or frequency resources, and / or occasions may be used interchangeably.

[0253] For example, a WTRU 102 may be configured with an UL transmission that overlaps with the indicated time and / or frequency resources for UL muting. The WTRU 102 may determine a mode of operation.

[0254] For example, a WTRU 102 may determine that puncturing the configured UL transmission may not require puncturing the DMRS symbols and / or REs, and the WTRU 102 may use a first mode of operation. Otherwise, in case the WTRU 102 determines that puncturing the configured UL transmission may require puncturing the DMRS symbols and / or REs, the WTRU 102 may use a second mode of operation.

[0255] In certain representative embodiments, a first mode of operation may be based on puncturing or performing rate-matching for a configured UL transmission that overlaps with a (e.g., configured) UL muting occasions.

[0256] In certain representative embodiments, a second mode of operation may be based on dropping or not transmitting a configured UL transmission that overlaps with a (e.g., configured) UL muting occasions.

[0257] In certain representative embodiments, a WTRU 102 may be configured with UL muting in one or more resources and the WTRU 102 may also be configured and / or scheduled with oneor more DL reception grants and / or occasions (e.g., SSB, PDCCH. PDSCH. CSI-RS, PT-RS, etc.). The WTRU 102 may receive the configured and / or scheduled DL signals and / or channels based on the scheduled and / or configured configurations.

[0258] UL Muting Indications

[0259] In certain representative embodiments, a WTRU 102 may receive one or more indications, commands, and / or configuration information (e.g., from a gNB) on one or more UL muting occasions. For example, a WTRU 102 may receive an UL muting command via dynamic configurations (e.g., via DCI). In another example, a WTRU 102 may receive one or more configuration information on and / or associated with semi-static resources where UL muting maybe configured (e.g., via MAC-CE, RRC, SIB, etc.). In another example, a WTRU 102 may receive an (e.g., explicit or implicit) indication (e.g., via MAC-CE, DCI), where the indication may identify to activate, deactivate, enable, or disable a (pre)configured set of resources for UL muting.

[0260] In certain representative embodiments, a WTRU 102 may receive an indication on resources with UL muting based on one or more indication signals and / or channels. One or more of the following example indication signals and / or channels may be used: MIB, SIB, PDCCH, RRC, MAC-CE, and / or DCI.

[0261] For example, the WTRU 102 may receive configuration information on and / or associated with one or more time and frequency resources with UL muting via PBCH in a MIB corresponding to a detected SSB. In an example, the configuration may indicate resources where the UL muting may happen. The indication may indicate that the UL muting may take place periodically, semi- persistently, or aperiodically, such as based on one or more events, parameters, and / or configurations. The indicated resources for UL muting may be cell-common, group-common, event-based, and / or WTRU-specific.

[0262] For example, the WTRU 102 may receive configuration information on and / or associated with one or more time and frequency resources with UL muting via any of SIB1, SIB2, and so forth. In an example, the configuration may indicate semi-static resources where the UL muting may happen. The indication may indicate that UL muting may take place periodically, semi- persistently, or aperiodically, such as based on one or more events, parameters, and / or configurations. The indicated resources for UL muting may be cell-common, group-common, event-based, and / or WTRU-specific.

[0263] For example, the WTRU 102 may monitor and detect search spaces for PDCCH detection, such as in corresponding common search spaces (CSS). A CSS may be for example one or more of Type 1 common CSS without a dedicated RRC configuration, such as Type 0, 0A and 2 CSS, one or more of Type 1 common CSS with dedicated RRC configuration, such as Type 3 CSS and WTRU-specific search space, and so forth.

[0264] For example, the WTRU 102 may receive one or more configuration information on and / or associated with one or more time and / or frequency resources with UL muting via RRC signaling.

[0265] For example, the WTRU 102 may receive one or more configuration information on and / or associated with one or more time and frequency resources with UL muting via MAC-CE signaling.

[0266] For example, the WTRU 102 may receive one or more group DCI (e.g., DCI format 2 0, 2_1, etc.) and / or WTRU-specific DCI (e.g., DCI format 0_0, 0_l, 1 0, 1_1, etc.) indications. In an example, the WTRU 102 may receive one or more (e.g.. dynamic) UL muting commands and indications including configuration information on and / or associated with one or more resources for UL muting via DCI. In another example, the WTRU 102 may receive one or more UL muting commands and indications including indications and references to activate, enable, deactivate, and / or disable one or more (pre)configured resources for UL muting via DCI.

[0267] In certain representative embodiments, the indicated resources for UL muting may be cell-common, group-common, event-based, and / or WTRU-specific. In an example, the indicated resources for UL muting may be cell-common, that is all the WTRUs that are camped-on and / or connected to the corresponding cell may (e g., should) perform UL muting in the indicated resources. In another example, the indicated resources for UL muting may be group-common, that is the UL muting in the indicated resources may (e.g., must) be performed only by the WTRUs that belong to a configured and / or indicated group, or the WTRUs that are indicated via one or more corresponding groups' signaling. For example, the group-common UL-muting command and / or indication may be based on an event detected at the gNB and / or the configured group of WTRUs. In another example, the indicated resources for UL muting may be event-based, that is UL muting in the indicated resources may (e g., must) be applied only by the WTRUs that have detected one or more configured events. In another example, the indicated resources for UL muting may be WTRU-specific, that is UL muting in the indicated resources may (e.g., must) be applied only by the WTRUs that have received corresponding indications.

[0268] Indications of Time and Frequency Resources for UL Muting

[0269] In certain representative embodiments, a WTRU 102 may receive or be configured with one or more time and / or frequency resources where the UL muting is configured, scheduled, and / or indicated. In an example, the indication may include one or more of the following configuration information: time resources, periodicity, and / or frequency resources.

[0270] For example, a WTRU 102 may receive or be configured with the time resources where the UL muting is configured. For example, the WTRU 102 may receive the configured time resources based on one or more of an exact time, (e.g., configured) gaps and / or offsets. Forexample, the WTRU 102 may receive a starting time instance (e.g.. symbol, slot, subframe, etc.), the ending time instance, and / or the time duration during which the UL muting is configured. The time duration may be indicated based on time units (e.g., ps, ms, seconds, etc.), or based on time instances (e.g.. symbols, slots, subframes, etc.). For example, the WTRU 102 may receive configurations on an UL muting occasion that is configured with a starting symbol (e.g., symbol #1) and ending symbol (e g., symbol #5). In another example, the WTRU 102 may receive configuration information on and / or associated with an UL muting occasion that is configured with a starting symbol (e.g., #1) and a duration (e.g., four symbols). For example, the WTRU 102 may receive or be configured with an (e.g., exact) time instance in addition to one or more time gap or time offset values. The WTRU 102 may use the configured time gaps before and / or after the configured time instance to determine the time when the UL muting is configured. For example, the WTRU 102 may receive configurations on an UL muting occasion that is configured at a symbol (e.g., #3) with anumber (e.g., 2) of symbols before and after gaps (e.g.. that implies symbol #l-#5).

[0271] For example, a WTRU 102 may receive or be configured with one or more periodicity types for the configured UL muting occasions. In an example, the WTRU 102 may be configured with one or more periodic UL muting occasions where the time period is indicated and / or configured for the WTRU 102. In another example, the WTRU 102 may be configured with one or more semi-persistent UL muting occasions where the duration for which the UL muting is taking place is indicated and / or configured for the WTRU 102. In another example, the WTRU 102 may be configured with one or more aperiodic UL muting occasions, such as one-shot UL muting for a configured time duration (e.g., starting from an indicated time instance).

[0272] For example, the WTRU 102 may receive or be configured with the frequency resources where the UL muting is configured. The WTRU 102 may be configured with the frequency resources based on one or more of UL RBs, UL PRBs, UL RBGs, UL PRGs, UL Subbands, UL BWPs, and / or UL Sub-BWPs, etc. In an example, the WTRU 102 may receive the configured time resources based on one or more of the following: (e.g.. entire) UL boundaries and / or (e.g.. limited) UL RBs. For example, the WTRU 102 may be configured with one or more UL muting occasions, such as where the UL muting is configured in the entire configured and / or indicated UL RBs, UL PRBs, UL RBGs, UL PRGs, UL subbands, UL BWPs, and / or UL sub-BWPs. For example, the WTRU 102 must not transmit UL in the entire configured UL frequency boundaries and also may expect other configured WTRUs to not transmit in the entire configured UL frequency boundaries. For example, the WTRU 102 may be configured with one or more UL muting occasions, such as where the UL muting is configured in one or more (e.g., limited) RBs or RB sets within the configured UL frequency boundaries. In an example, the WTRU 102 may determine, receive, orbe configured with a number of RBs. or RB sets where the UL muting is configured. For instance, the configured number of RBs may be the RBs close to the band edge of the configured UL boundaries. In an example, the WTRU 102 may explicitly receive or be (pre)configured with the number of RBs where UL muting may take place. In another example, the WTRU 102 may determine the number of RBs based on a (pre)configured, determined, or indicated function and / or one or more parameters.

[0273] In certain representative embodiments, there may be one or more benefits for the WTRUs to know about the time and frequency resources corresponding to the UL muting occasions. In an example, a WTRU 102 that is configured to measure CSI-RS may report different CSI parameters (e.g., CQI, SINR, RSRQ, etc.) in time and frequency resources that totally overlap, partially overlap, or do not overlap but are affected by one or more UL muting occasions. That is, the CSI measurements in resources with or without UL muting may result in different measured values, for example, due to different inference strength in resources with or without UL muting. As such, the WTRU 102 that is for example calculating the average of one or more measured parameters may require to distinguish the resources that are impacted by UL muting. In another example, a WTRU 102 that is configured or scheduled to receive one or more DL receptions (e.g., PDCCH, PDSCH), may measure different quality parameters (e.g., hypothetical BLER based on PDCCH or PDSCH DMRS). The WTRU 102 may determine or be indication and / or configured to measure the quality parameters in time and frequency resources that may totally overlap, partially overlap, or do not overlap but get affected by one or more UL muting occasions. That is, the measurements in resources with or without UL muting may result in different measured values, for example due to different inference strength in respective resources. As such, the WTRU 102 may require distinguishing the resources that are impacted by UL muting for determining and reporting SINR, CQI, MCS, and / or the like for the configured and / or scheduled DL receptions.

[0274] Association of CSI-IM Resources and UL Muting Occasions

[0275] In certain representative embodiments, a WTRU 102 may receive one or more UL muting indications and / or UL muting commands, such as via one or more group-common DCI indications where the CRC in at least one of the received DCIs may be scrambled with a (pre)configured group RNTI (e.g., UL-Miiting-G-RNTI). In an example, the group-common DCI may indicate one or more configuration information on and / or associated with one or more UL muting occasions, where the configuration information may include activation or deactivation of the configured UL muting occasions in addition to time and / or frequency resources, repetition, and so forth.

[0276] In certain representative embodiments, a WTRU 102 may be configured with one or more CSI (e.g., report) configurations to measure and / or report interference and / or channel parameters based on one or more configured UL muting occasions. The configured CSI (e.g., report)configurations may include one or more CSI-RS resources or CSI-RS resource sets. In an example, the WTRU 102 may receive configuration information on and / or associated with the configured CSI report configurations via any of RRC, MAC-CE, and / or DCI. In another example, the configured CSI reports may be based on periodic, aperiodic, and / or semi-persistent CSI measurement and / or reporting.

[0277] In certain representative embodiments, a WTRU 102 may determine that one or more of the configured CSI-RS resources and / or CSI-RS resource sets may be associated with one or more UL muting occasions. In an example, the WTRU 102 may be configured with one or more CSI- IM resources for interference measurement in one or more DL frequency bands, such as where the DL frequency bands may include DL subbands, DL BWPs, DL RBs, DL PRBs, DL RBGs, DL PRGs, and / or DL Sub-BWPs and the like.

[0278] In certain representative embodiments, a WTRU 102 may determine that one or more configured CSI-IM resources may be configured in the same time instances (e.g., symbols, slots, etc.) as one or more configured UL muting occasions. The WTRU 102 may determine that the configured CSI-IM frequency resources and the configured frequency resources for the UL muting occasions may have one or more of the following relations or correspondences: fully overlapped, non-overlapped, or partially overlapped.

[0279] For example, the WTRU 102 may determine that the configured CSI-IM time and frequency resources fully overlap with one or more of the configured UL muting occasions. As shown in FIG. 4, the WTRU 102c in serving Cell 1 is configured to measure interference during an UL muting occasion in Cell 2 that is the non-serving neighbor cell. The measurement is configured in the third slot, that is an SBFD slot in Cell 1 and a TDD UL slot in Cell 2. The configured slot in Cell 2 with UL muting is an UL slot where UL muting is configured to take place in the entire UL BWP. As such, in this example, the CSI-IM resources can be used for intersubband interference (e.g., CLI) measurement from UL transmissions in the UL subbands in the configured SBFD symbol, for example, for measuring CLI1 from the WTRU 102a to the WTRU 102c.

[0280] For example, the WTRU 102 may determine that the configured CSI-IM frequency resources do not overlap with any of the configured UL muting frequency resources. An example is provided in FIG. 4, where the WTRU 102c in serving Cell 1 is configured to measure interference during an UL muting occasion in the UL subband of the same SBFD symbol in Cell 1. The measurement is configured in the third slot, that is an SBFD slot in Cell 1. As such, in this example, the CSI-IM resources can be used for inter-subband and intra-subband interference (e.g., CLI) measurement from UL transmissions in the UL slots or UL subbands from the neighbor cells, for example, for measuring CLI2 from the WTRU 102b to the WTRU 102c.

[0281] For example, the WTRU 102 may determine that the configured CSI-IM frequency resources may partially overlap with one or more of the configured UL muting frequency resources. As such, the CSI-IM resources can be used for subband-wise interference (e.g., CLI) measurements.

[0282] Indications of Time and Frequency Resources of UL Muting Occasions based on CSI-RS Configuration

[0283] In certain representative embodiments, a WTRU 102 may be configured with one or more CSI report configurations. For example, the associated CSI-RS resources and / or CSI-RS resource sets may be configured for CSI measurement in resources with UL muting. For example, the WTRU 102 may be configured or receive configurations on one or more CSI-RS resources and / or CSI-RS resource sets. For example, a configuration may include a flag or other indication that indicates if the CSI-RS resources are associated with one or more UL muting occasions.

[0284] In certain representative embodiments, a WTRU 102 may be configured with a first CSI- RS resource, or a first CSI-RS resource set. based on first time and frequency resources, where there may be no UL muting occasions configured at the corresponding first time and frequency resources. In certain representative embodiments, a WTRU 102 may be configured with a second CSI-RS resource, or a second CSI-RS resource set, based on second time and frequency resources, where one or more UL muting occasions may be configured at the corresponding second time and frequency resources.

[0285] For example, the configured CSI-RS resources and / or CSI-RS resource sets may include one or more CSI-IM resources for interference measurement in one or more time and frequency resources that coincide with one or more UL muting occasions. In another example, the configured CSI-RS resources and / or CSI-RS resource sets may include one or more ZP-CSI-RS resources for interference measurement in one or more time and frequency resources that coincide with one or more UL muting occasions.

[0286] In certain representative embodiments, the terms CSI-IM and ZP-CSI-RS may be used interchangeably.

[0287] Triggers to Measure and Report CSI Associated with Resources with UL Muting

[0288] In certain representative embodiments, a WTRU 102 may trigger measuring and / or reporting interference measurements based on one or more CSI-RS report configurations, the configured CSI-IM time and frequency resources, and / or the configured and / or indicated UL muting occasions. One or more of the following triggering options may be used.

[0289] In certain representative embodiments, WTRU-specific triggering DCI reception may be used. In certain representative embodiments, a WTRU 102 may receive one or more indications to perform interference measurements and / or report the measurements based on configured CSI-IM resources and indicated and / or configured UL muting occasions. For example, the WTRU 102 may receive the indication via WTRU-specific signaling. In another example, the WTRU 102 may receive the signaling based on RRC, MAC-CE, DCI, and / or the like signaling. For example, the WTRU 102 may receive the signaling based on one or more of DCI 0_0, DCI 0 1, and / or another CSI triggering DCI.

[0290] For example, a WTRU 102 may determine that the received signaling activates, enables, and / or triggers one or more (pre)configured CSI measurement and / or reporting configurations. The WTRU 102 may use the information to perform measurements and reporting based on activated, enabled, and / or triggered configurations, where the configurations may include, but are not limited to, UL muting occasions, UL muting periodicity, CSI-IM resources, CSI-IM properties, and / or reporting configurations and the like.

[0291] For example, a WTRU 102 may determine that the received signaling includes one or more indications and / or configurations on CSI measurement and / or reporting. The WTRU 102 may use the information to perform measurements and reporting based on the configured and / or indicated configurations, where the configurations may include, but are not limited to, UL muting occasions, UL muting periodicity, CSI-IM resources, CSI-IM properties, and / or reporting configurations and the like.

[0292] In certain representative embodiments, one or more event-based triggers may be used. In certain representative embodiments, a WTRU 102 may determine and / or detect one or more events that may trigger performing one or more channel and / or interference measurements based on one or more (pre)configured UL muting occasions. For example, the WTRU 102 that has determined and / or detected one or more triggering events may monitor to detect and / or receive at least one UL muting command and / or signaling (e.g.. via RRC. MAC-CE, DCI, etc.). As another example, the WTRU 102 may use at least one of the (pre)configured UL muting occasions, for which the WTRU 102 may be (pre)configured (e.g., via MIB, SIB, RRC, etc.) with the corresponding time and frequency resources, periodicity, repetition, and so forth. Upon determining the UL muting occasions to be used, the WTRU 102 may identify one or more of the configured CSI-IM resources that coincide in time with the determined UL muting occasions.

[0293] For example, a WTRU 102 may perform the interference measurements and report the measured interferences. The WTRU 102 may use the report configurations that are associated with the identified CSI-IM resources. That is, the WTRU 102 may determine the configured report configuration that is associated with the identified CSI-IM resources. The WTRU 102 may then use the determined report configurations for sending the report on the measured interferences (e.g., CLI).

[0294] In certain representative embodiments, a WTRU 102 may determine and / or detect one or more of the following example events: low SINR, TRP switching (e.g., single TRP to multi-TRP), and / or mobility7.

[0295] For example, the WTRU 102 may measure SINR and / or CLI based on one or more CSI- IM resources without UL muting, where the WTRU 102 may determine that the measured SINR is lower than a corresponding threshold, and that the measured CLI is higher than a corresponding threshold. The WTRU 102 may require determining whether the measured interference and CLI is based on an aggressor WTRU in the serving cell or for example in the non-serving neighbor cells. As such, the WTRU 102 may trigger measuring one or more UL muting resources to determine where the dominant aggressor WTRU is located.

[0296] For example, in FIG. 4, the WTRU 102c may measure the CSI-IM resources that correspond to UL muting occasions corresponding to the serving Cell 1. That is, the UL muting occasions may be configured in a UL subband in the SBFD symbols, where the CSI-IM resources may be configured in a DL subband of the same SBFD symbols. In case the WTRU 102c determines that the measured SINR is low (e.g., lower than a threshold) or that the measured CLI is high (e.g., higher than a threshold), the WTRU 102c may determine that the dominant aggressor WTRU is not connected or camped-on the serving Cell 1. and it is connected or camped-on a neighbor non-serving cell. For example, in FIG. 4, the WTRU 102c may determine that the WTRU 102b in the neighbor Cell 2 is the dominant aggressor WTRU.

[0297] For example, in FIG. 4, the WTRU 102c may measure the CSI-IM resources that correspond to UL muting occasions corresponding to the neighbor non-serving Cell 2. That is, the UL muting occasions may be configured in the UL BWP in the TDD UL transmission time interval (e.g., symbols and / or slots), where the CSI-IM resources may be configured in the DL subband of the same SBFD transmission time interval (e.g., symbols and / or slots). In case the WTRU 102c determines that the measured SINR is low or that the measured CLI is high, the WTRU 102c may determine that the dominant aggressor WTRU is connected or camped-on the serving Cell 1. For example, in FIG. 4. the WTRU 102c may determine that the WTRU 102a in the serving Cell 1 is the dominant aggressor WTRU.

[0298] In certain representative embodiments, a WTRU 102 may determine the cells that the one or more dominant aggressor WTRUs are camped-on or connected to. This method may have lower latency and overhead compared WTRU-to-WTRU CLI measurement per aggressor WTRU. In fact, a WTRU-to-WTRU CLI measurement can be performed after this step per aggressor WTRU to detect the specific aggressor WTRUs with the dominant CLI.

[0299] In certain representative embodiments, a TRP switch (e.g., from single TRP to Multi- TRP) may be used as a trigger. For example, the WTRU 102 may determine to trigger measuringand / or reporting SINR and / or CLI based on UL muting occasions, such as in cases where the WTRU 102 determines to switch from a single TRP configuration to a multi-TRP configuration. That is, the WTRU 102 that is capable of multi-TRP operation and that is operating in single-TRP mode may determine to switch to multi-TRP operation. The WTRU 102 may trigger measuring of SINR and / or CLI-RSSI based on UL muting resources, so that the WTRU 102 could measure, determine and / or detect the CLI-RSSI, SINR, and / or received interference signal strength from the other TRP(s).

[0300] In certain representative embodiments, a mobility event may be used as a trigger. For example, a WTRU 102 with mobility may trigger measuring and reporting SINR and / or CLI based on UL muting occasions, such as in cases where the WTRU 102 determines to perform a L1 / L2 triggered mobility (LTM) handover procedure. The WTRU 102 may determine, measure, or detect potential interference from potential aggressor WTRUs in the target cell before HO, by measuring the interference signal strength from neighbor non-serving cells in one or more of the UL muting occasions.

[0301] In certain representative embodiments, group-common signaling may be used. For example, a WTRU 102 may receive one or more indications, commands, and / or configuration information to indicate one or more UL muting occasions and to indicate the WTRUs to perform interference measurements and / or report the measurements. In an example, the WTRU 102 may receive the indication via (e.g., one or more) group-common signaling. In another example, the WTRU 102 may receive the signaling based on group-common DCI signaling. For example, the group-common DCI may include configuration information on and / or associated with one or more UL muting occasions in addition to one or more CSI-IM resources to measure CLI, SINR, and / or interference signal strength. In an example, the group-common DCI may include one or more lists of WTRUs that indicate which WTRUs are to perform measurements during configured CSI-IM resources and / or UL muting occasions. For example, the list of WTRUs may be indicated based on a block structure where a configured number of bits is allocated to each WTRU 102 (e.g., 1 -bit or 2 bits) indicating where the WTRUs should measure CLI, SINR, and / or interference signal strength in the configured UL muting occasions.

[0302] WTRU Behavior for WTRUs with UL Grant Triggered for Measurement in UL Muting Symbols

[0303] In certain representative embodiments, a WTRU 102 may determine or be configured and / or indicated to measure the CLI, SINR, and / or interference signal strength based on one or more of the configured CSI-IM resources on one or more UL muting occasions, such as where the UL muting occasions may overlap with the frequency resources of one or more scheduled and / or configured UL signals and / or channels transmissions at the WTRU 102. For example, a WTRU102 that is configured and / or scheduled to transmit one or more UL signals and / or channels may receive one or more indications on one or more UL muting occasions and CLI measurement occasions that may overlap with the frequency resources of the scheduled and / or configured UL signals and / or channels transmissions.

[0304] In certain representative embodiments, a WTRU 102 may perform one or more of the following. For example, a WTRU 102 may determine to not transmit the (e.g., entire) determined, configured, and / or scheduled UL channel and / or signal transmission instance. That is, the WTRU 102 may drop the entire UL transmission instance. The WTRU 102 may measure the CLI, SINR, and / or interference signal strength based on one or more of the configured CSI-IM resources for the one or more UL muting occasions.

[0305] In certain representative embodiments, a WTRU 102 may be a WTRU-SBFD-capable and / or full-duplex capable WTRU, and the WTRU 102 may not drop the (e.g., entire) UL transmission instance. The WTRU 102 may apply rate-matching for the configured frequency resources with UL muting and transmit the scheduled and / or configured UL transmission on frequency resources that are not configured as UL muting occasions. The WTRU 102 may also perform CLI, SINR, and / or interference signal strength measurement on the configured and / or indicated CSI-IM resources based on the configured UL muting occasions.

[0306] Measurement and Reporting

[0307] In certain representative embodiments, a WTRU 102 may measure the interference signal strength based on the configured and / or indicated CSI-IM resources that coincide with the configured UL muting occasions, where the WTRU 102 may use the measured interference signal strength to calculate the SINR. The WTRU 102 may report the calculated SINR and / or measured CLI-RSSI based on configured report configurations. In an example, the WTRU 102 may use one or more report configurations that are associated with the indicated and / or configured CSI-IM resources. In an example, the WTRU 102 may use one or more report configurations that are indicated via DCI (e.g., WTRU-specific DCI reception). For example, the report configurations may include the time and frequency resources and / or periodicity to send CSI reporting.

[0308] Conditional Non-Serving Cell SINR Measurement and Network-side Inter-WTRU CLI Mitigation

[0309] In certain representative embodiments, a WTRU 102 may determine one or more aggressor WTRU(s) which are in one or more neighbor non-serving cells based on measurements, and report the associated cell ID(s) and the measurements to the NW. In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may (e.g., optionally) request handover to one of the cells.

[0310] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may measure SINR based on CSI- IM resources with and without UL muting, as described in additional detail herein.

[0311] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may measure CLI higher and / or SINR lower than the corresponding thresholds in UL- muted resources, and the WTRU 102 may determine that one or more of the dominant aggressor WTRUs are not in the serving cell (e.g., are camped on one or more neighbor cells).

[0312] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may (e.g., request and) receive information on and / or associated with one or more UL muting resources in one or more neighbor cells. The WTRU 102 may measure SINR for the neighbor non-serving cells based on the respective UL muting resources to identify the dominant interfering cells where the dominant aggressor WTRUs are camped on. For example, there may be gNB-to-gNB coordination to exchange at least semi-static configurations on UL muting resources in neighbor cells.

[0313] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may measure the RSRP of the identified dominant interfering cells (e.g., which correspond to the identified dominant aggressor WTRUs).

[0314] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may report information associated with the identified dominant interfering cells (e.g., based on PCI, cell ID, or other cell identifying information). For example, the WTRU 102 may (e.g., also) report the measured RSRP and SINR of the dominant aggressor WTRUs for any (e.g.. each) reported dominant interfering cells.

[0315] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may (e.g., optionally) send a HO request to the gNB to be switched to the cell with a (e.g., most) dominant aggressor WTRU, such as where the measured RSRP of the corresponding cell is higher than a threshold. For example, performing a HO to a cell with a dominant aggressor WTRU may be beneficial in that CLI mitigation may be more manageable if both victim and aggressor WTRUs are in the same cell (e.g., according to complexity, latency, overhead). In certain representative embodiments, the gNB may perform a LTM handover procedure.

[0316] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 (e.g., optionally or alternatively) may determine that the measured RSRP for the identified dominant interfering cells are lower than a threshold. For example, the WTRU 102 may indicate to the gNB that a HO is not possible to these cells, and that the WTRU 102 is staying (e.g., or should stay or prefers to stay) in the serving cell, such as part of a CSI report. For example, the WTRU 102 may report the measured SINR from any (e.g., each) of the dominant aggressor WTRUs and the corresponding neighbor cells’ ID and measured RSRP to the gNB. In certain representative embodiments, the gNB may perform CLI mitigation via coordination with the reported neighbor cell.

[0317] Finding Cells with Dominant Aggressor WTRUs

[0318] In certain representative embodiments, a WTRU 102 may receive configuration information, determine, or be configured to measure and / or calculate CLI and / or SINR based ontime and frequency resources, such as with and / or without UL muting occasions. For example, the UL muting may be configured for the WTRU’s serving cell. In an example, the WTRU 102 may be configured with one or more first CSI-IM time and frequency resources, where the first CSI- IM resources coincide with one or more indicated and / or configured UL muting occasions. In another example, the WTRU 102 may be configured with one or more second CSI-IM time and frequency resources, where the second CSI-IM resources do not coincide with UL muting occasions (e.g., there is no UL muting taking place in the same time instances as the configured and / or indicated second CSI-IM resources). For example, the WTRU 102 may measure a first CLI and / or SINR and a second CLI and / or SINR based on the first and second CSI-IM time and frequency resources, respectively.

[0319] In certain representative embodiments, a WTRU 102 may determine that a dominant aggressor WTRU is not connected or camped on the WTRU’s serving cell, such as where both the first and the second measured CLIs are higher than a corresponding threshold. For example, the WTRU 102 may determine that the interference from the aggressor WTRUs may impact the CLI measurement even in UL muting occasions and when there is no UL transmission configured and / or scheduled in the serving cell. The WTRU 102 may determine that the interference originates from a source that is not connected and / or camped on the serving cell. In other words, the WTRU 102 may determine that the dominant aggressor WTRUs are connected or camped on one or more neighbor non-serving cells.

[0320] In certain representative embodiments, a WTRU 102 may send a request to receive configuration information on and / or associated with UL muting occasions from one or more of the neighbor non-serving cells. For example, the WTRU 102 may send the request to a gNB. In an example, the WTRU 102 may (e.g., implicitly) indicate the request by reporting the first and second measured CLI values. In an example, the WTRU 102 may (e g., implicitly) indicate the request by sending a first and a second indication in the corresponding CSI reports that both the first and second measure CLI values are higher than the corresponding threshold, respectively. In an example, the WTRU 102 may send the request as part of the CSI report, such as via a configured flag indication. That is, if the WTRU 102 sends the configured flag indication, this implies that the WTRU 102 requests to receive configurations on the UL muting occasions of the neighbor non-serving cells.

[0321] In certain representative embodiments, a WTRU 102 may receive one or more configurations (e.g., configuration information) on the UL muting occasions from one or more neighbor non-serving cells. The configuration information may include the time and / or frequency resources, repetition, periodicity, neighbor cells’ ID, and / or neighbor cells' PCI and the like. For example, there may (e g., should) be gNB-to-gNB coordination to exchange at least semi-staticconfigurations on one or more of the UL muting time and / or frequency resources with the neighbor cells. The WTRU 102 may receive one or more indications on the CSI-IM time and / or frequency resources to measure the interference signal strength at the configured time and frequency resources that coincide in time with one or more of the UL muting occasions. The WTRU 102 may measure CLI and / or interference signal strength. The WTRU 102 may calculate the SINR based on the measured interference signal strength for the neighbor non-serving cells.

[0322] In certain representative embodiments, a WTRU 102 may determine one or more neighbor non-serving cells, where the dominant aggressor WTRUs are connected to or camped on. In an example, the WTRU 102 may measure and / or calculate the SINR based on the measured CLI and / or interference signal strength based on at least one of the UL muting occasions that correspond to at least one of the neighbor cells. In case the WTRU 102 determines that the measured and / or calculated SINR is lower than a corresponding cell, the WTRU 102 may determine that at least one of the dominant aggressor WTRUs is connected or camped on the corresponding neighbor cell. In another example, the WTRU 102 may measure CLI, CLI-RSSI, and / or interference signal strength based on at least one of the UL muting occasions that correspond to at least one of the neighbor cells. In case the WTRU 102 determines that the measured CLI, CLI-RSSI, and / or interference signal strength is higher than a corresponding cell, the WTRU 102 may determine that at least one of the dominant aggressor WTRUs is connected or camped on the corresponding neighbor cell.

[0323] Conditions to Request Handover

[0324] In certain representative embodiments, a WTRU 102 may identify one or more interfering neighbor cells that have one or more dominant aggressor WTRUs connected to or camped on, such as where the WTRU 102 may measure RSRP from the corresponding interfering neighbor cells. In an example, the WTRU 102 may measure the RSRP based on one or more received and / or detected SSBs from the corresponding interfering neighbor cells. The WTRU 102 may report the identified dominant interfering cells. For example, the WTRU 102 may report the identified dominant interfering cells in addition to the measured RSRP, CLI, interference signal strength, and / or SINR. For example, the WTRU 102 may report the interfering cells’ PCI, cell ID, and / or similar cell identification information.

[0325] For example, the measured RSRP of at least one of the interfering cells may be higher than a corresponding threshold. The WTRU 102 may optionally send a handover (HO) request (e.g., to the gNB, such as part of or indicated in the CSI report) to be switched to the interfering cell, such as where the (e.g., most) dominant aggressor WTRU is camped on or connected to. The WTRU 102 may determine the interfering cell with a (e.g., the most) dominant aggressor WTRU based on the measured CLI corresponding to all interfering cells. In an example, the benefit of theHO to the cell with the dominant aggressor WTRU is that CLI mitigation may be more manageable if both victim and aggressor WTRUs are in the same cell (e.g., according to complexity, latency, overhead, etc.). As such, the gNB may perform a LTM handover procedure for the WTRU 102.

[0326] For example, the measured RSRP of none of the interfering cells may be higher than the corresponding threshold. The WTRU 102 may (e.g.. optionally) send an indication (e.g.. to the gNB, e.g., as part of CST report) that a HO is not possible or preferred, and that the WTRU 102 is staying in the serving cell. The gNB may perform CLI mitigation via coordination with the indicated interfering neighbor cell.

[0327] Network Preferences

[0328] In certain representative embodiments, a WTRU 102 may be configured with one or more configurations (e.g., configuration information) on the preference of the NW and / or the preference of the serving cell. In an example, the WTRU 102 may receive the configurations on the preferences via SIB, RRC, MAC-CE, and / or DCI and the like. For example, the WTRU 102 may receive the configurations on the preferences based on cell-common and / or group-common configurations and / or indications.

[0329] For example, the WTRU 102 may be configured with the NW's preference to stay in the serving cell in case an interfering neighbor cell is detected by the WTRU 102. This preference may be, for example, due to the serving cell's good coordination with the neighbor cells, the serving cell’s capability to handle the complexity, and / or due to the neighbor cell’s heavy traffic, etc. The WTRU 102 may report the measured SINR, CLI, RSRP, and the cell ID of the dominant interfering neighbor cells to the gNB. The gNB may performs CLI mitigation via coordination with the indicated interfering neighbor cells.

[0330] Link Adaptation based on CLI Metric - SINR Calculation and Reporting

[0331] In certain representative embodiments, a WTRU 102 may perform SINR measurements and CLI measurements. For example, the aggressor WTRUs and / or the number of resources to be considered in measuring the SINR may be configured dynamically. For example, the gNB may use the received SINR measurements for dynamic link adaptation, selecting the best MCS, and / or scheduling.

[0332] In certain representative embodiments, a WTRU 102 may receive configuration information indicating on one or more time and / or frequency resources, reference signals, measurement quantities, and / or report configurations which may be associated with measuring SINR.

[0333] For example, the WTRU 102 may be configured with one or more first RSRP measurement resources (e.g., NZP resource(s) in a DL SB) for channel measurement. The firstRSRP measurement resource (e.g., measurement) may be associated with a numerator part of the SINR.

[0334] For example, the WTRU 102 may be configured with one or more first RS SI measurement resources (e.g., ZP or CSI-IM resources in a DL SB) for interference measurement The first RSSI measurement resources (e.g., measurement) may be associated with a denominator part of the SINR.

[0335] In some representative embodiments, on condition that no other resources are configured for interference measurement associated with the first RSSI measurement resources, the WTRU 102 may determine the SINR based on (e.g., measurement of) the first RSRP measurement resources.

[0336] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may be configured with one or more second sets of RSRP measurement resources (e.g., second resources maybe based on NZP CSI-IM resources) in a DL SB to measure one or more RSs (e.g., SRS-RSRP) such as from one or more potential aggressor WTRUs (e.g., transmitted in UL SBs).

[0337] For example, the second set of RSRP measurement resources may be different (e g., in time and / or frequency domain) from the first RSSI measurement resources. The second RSRP measurement resources may be used for inter- WTRU CLI measurement and / or the first RSSI measurement resources may be used for measuring other sources of interference (e.g., inter-beam, inter-layer interferences, etc.).

[0338] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may receive a (e.g., dynamic) indication and / or configuration (e.g., via DCI, MAC-CE) on the aggressor WTRUs (e.g., via indicators such as SRIs, where each indicator or SRI indicates or is associated with a second set of RSRP resources) to be measured and / or the number of measured resources to be considered in calculating the SINR. For example, the WTRU 102 may receive configuration information (e.g., via DCI, MAC-CE) on which of the one or more second sets of RSRP resources to be measured (e.g., SRI1, SRI3, SRI4, etc.). For example, the WTRU 102 may receive configuration information (e.g., via DCI, MAC-CE) on how many of the strongest measured second RSRPs are to be used for calculating the SINR (e.g., top 2, top 4, etc. strongest (highest SRS-RSRP or most dominant / worst) aggressor WTRUs, or the ones causing the least 2, least 4, etc. weakest measured SINRs).

[0339] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may measure one or more SRS (e.g., from the aggressor WTRUs) in the indicated one or more second sets of RSRP resources. The WTRU 102 may determine one or more second measured RSRP values based on the measurements. For example, the WTRU 102 may select a subset of the measurements for use in the SINR calculation (e.g., in the denominator) based on the received configuration or indication.

[0340] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may derive the denominator part of the SINR based on both the first measured RSSI and the second measured RSRP values (e.g., the selected subset of the second measured RSRP values). For example, the WTRU 102 may use a function to derive a modified or biased version of the measured second RSRPs. For example, the function may be based on addition and / or weighting of the measured values. For example, the function may be pre-defined, pre-configured, and / or determined based on the parameters. The WTRU 102 may add the modified or biased version of the measured second RSRP to the first measured RSSI into the denominator part of the SINR. In an example with three RSRP measurements (e.g., three selected RSRP measurements), the function may be represented as: RSSI + Weightl*RSRPl + Weight2*RSRP2 + Weight 3*RSRP3.

[0341] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may calculate or determine an SINR value as an SINR numerator (e.g., RSRP based on one or more measurements of the first RSRP resources) divided by an SINR denominator (e.g., calculated above based on the first measured RSSI and the second measured RSRP values).

[0342] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may report the calculated / determined SINR. For example, the WTRU 102 may (e.g., optionally) report the measured second RSRP along with the calculated SINR in addition to the corresponding SRIs that were used to calculate the reported SINR.

[0343] Configurations for Deriving SINR and Default Reporting Behavior

[0344] In certain representative embodiments, a WTRU 102 may receive configuration information on and / or associated with one or more time and / or frequency resources, reference signals, measurement quantities, report configurations, and / or other information for measuring SINR. For example, the WTRU 102 may receive the SINR configurations for beam reporting, CSI reporting, and / or CLI (e.g., measurement and) reporting. The WTRU 102 may receive configuration indicating one or more first RSRP measurement resource(s). For example, the first RSRP measurement resources may be based on NZP CSI-RS resource(s). In an example, the first RSRP measurement resources may be allocated in one or more DL subbands in one or more SBFD time instances (e.g., slots or symbols). In an example, the WTRU 102 may use the configured first RSRP measurement resources for channel measurement. In another example, the WTRU 102 may use the channel measurement values based on the configured first RSRP measurement resources for calculating the numerator part of the SINR calculations.

[0345] In an example, the WTRU 102 may receive configuration indicating one or more first RSSI measurement resources. For example, the configured first RSSI measurement resources may be based on ZP CSI -RS resources and / or CSI-IM resources. In an example, the configured first RSSI measurement resources may be allocated in one or more DU subbands of one or more SBFDtime instances. In an example, the WTRU 102 may use the configured first RSSI measurement resources for interference measurement. In another example, the WTRU 102 may use the measured interference values based on the configured first RSSI measurement resources for calculating the denominator part of the SINR calculations.

[0346] For example, based on there being no other resources that are configured for interference measurement that may be associated with the configured first RSSI measurement resources, and / or no other than the configured first RSSI measurement resources, the WTRU 102 may determine and / or calculate the SINR. For example, the WTRU 102 may calculate the SINR based on the first measured RSRP and the first measured RSSI. For example, the WTRU 102 may calculate the SINR based on the first measured RSRP divided by the first measured RSSI, which may be a default reporting behavior for the SINR reporting.

[0347] For example, the WTRU 102 may receive configuration information indicating one or more second sets of RSRP measurement resources. For example, the second configured RSRP measurement resources may be based on NZP CSI-IM resources. In an example, the second configured RSRP measurement resources may be allocated in one or more DL subbands of one or more SBFD time instances (e.g., slots or symbols). The WTRU 102 may use the second configured RSRP measurement resources to measure one or more RSs (e.g., SRS-RSRP, such as from one or more potential aggressor WTRUs). The WTRU 102 may determine that the measured RSs via the second configured RSRP measurement resources may be transmitted in one or more UL subbands in one or more SBFD time instances. The second (e.g., set ol) RSRP measurement resource(s) may be different (e.g.. in time and / or frequency) from the first RSSI measurement resource(s). As an example, the second RSRP measurement resource(s) may be for inter- WTRU CLI measurement, whereas the first RSSI measurement resource(s) may be for measuring other sources of interference (e.g., inter-beam, inter-layer, inter-cell, and / or inter-TRP interferences, etc.).

[0348] In certain representative embodiments, a RSRP measurement resource(s) may be associated with a CLI RS index or indicator. In an example, the one or more second set of RSRP measurement resource(s) may include or be associated with a CLI RS index or indicator, such as CLI-SRI 3, CLI-SRI&7, CLI-SRI#1 1, CLI-SRI#19, and CLI-SRI#25. A CLI RS index or indicator, such as CLI-SRI#n (e.g., n=3, 7, 11, 19, or 25), may represent (e.g., correspond to) an SRS resource transmitted from another WTRU, including parameters used for an SRS transmission (e.g., SRS sequence related parameter(s), SRS time / frequency resource assignment parameter(s), comb parameter, hopping parameter, etc.). In an example, the WTRU 102 may receive configuration information on and / or associated with the CLI-SRI#n from a respective serving gNB. For example, the configuration information on and / or associated with the CLI-SRI#n may be provided from other gNBs from one or more non-serving cells, such as via backhaulcommunication link (e.g., inter-gNB coordination). In an example, the other gNB from one or more non-serving cells may configure or schedule a WTRU 102 (e g., potential aggressor WTRU) to transmit the CLI-SRI#n . RS index or indicator examples other than CLI-SRI#n may be applicable, such as CLI-ULRS#m, CLI-UL_index#d, and so forth, and may be defined and used to represent an UL RS or resource that is transmitted by other WTRUs (e.g., potential aggressor WTRU).

[0349] Selective Interference Derivation Considering Other WTRU Signals

[0350] In certain representative embodiments, a WTRU 102 may receive a dynamic indication and / or configuration (e.g., via DCI, MAC-CE) on one or more of aggressor-indicators (e.g., any of CLI-SRI#n, CLI-ULRS#m, CLI-UL_index#d, etc.), where each aggressor-indicator may be associated with a second set of RSRP resource(s) to be measured and the number of measured resources to be considered in calculating the SINR. For example, the WTRU 102 may measure one or more SRS (from the aggressor WTRUs) in the indicated one or more second sets of RSRP resources and determines one or more second measured RSRP values based on the measurements. The WTRU 102 may select a subset of the measurements for use in the SINR calculation (e g., in the denominator) based on the received configuration or indication.

[0351] For example, a WTRU 102 may receive a configuration or indication (e.g., dynamically, such as via DCI and / or MAC-CE) on which (e.g., subset) of the one or more second sets of RSRP resources are to be (e.g., selectively) measured (e.g., CLI-SRI#3, CLI-SRI#19, and CLI-SRI#25, among the configured CLI-SRI#3, CLI-SRI#7, CLI-SRI#11, CLI-SRI#19, and CLI-SRI#25) and used for derivation of the SINR.

[0352] For example, a WTRU 102 may receive a configuration or indication (e.g., dynamically, such as via DCI and / or MAC-CE) on how many of the one or more second sets of RSRP resources are to be (e.g., selectively) measured (e.g., top two, or top four, or least three, or least four CLI- SRI#n, among the configured CLI-SRI 3, CLI-SRI#7, CLI-SRI#11, CLI-SRI 19, and CLI- SRI#25) and used for derivation of the SINR. As an example, the top two CLI-SRI#n among the configured CLI-SRIs may imply that the WTRU 102 is configured to determine a strongest (or highest) top 2 SRS-RSRP values each associated with a CLI-SRI#n. If those top two are CLI- SRI#11 with the highest SRS-RSRP#11 and CLI-SRI 25 with the second-highest SRS-RSRP#25 for example, the SINR may be determined as SINR = an RSRP (derived from the 1st RSRP measurement resource(s)) / {an RSSI (derived from the 1st RSSI measurement resource(s)) plus SRS-RSRP# 11 plus SRS-RSRP#25}.

[0353] As another example, the least three CLI-SRI#n among the configured CLI-SRIs may imply that the WTRU 102 is configured to determine the weakest (or lowest) three SRS-RSRP values each associated with a CLI-SRI#n. If those least three are CLI-SRI#3 with the lowest SRS-RSRP#3. CLI-SRI#7 with the second-lowest SRS-RSRP#7, and CLI-SRI# 19 with the third-lowest SRS-RSRP# 19, for example, the SINR may be determined as SINR = an RSRP (derived from the 1st RSRP measurement resource(s)) / {an RSSI (derived from the 1st RSSI measurement resource(s)) plus SRS-RSRP#3 plus SRS-RSRP#7 plus SRS-RSRP#19}.

[0354] For example, this may provide benefits in that the WTRU 102 may add the lowest one or more SRS-RSRP values into the denominator part of the SINR, and report the SINR to the gNB, where the gNB may determine a MCS level for subsequent DL scheduling based on the reported SINR. The reported SINR may represent a practical interference condition for the WTRU 102 considering another WTRU’s transmitted signals affecting the WTRU’s DL reception performance.

[0355] In certain representative embodiments, a WTRU 102 may derive the denominator part of the SINR based on both the first measured RSSI and the second measured RSRP values (e.g., the selected subset of the second measured RSRP values). The WTRU 102 may use a function to derive a modified or biased version of the measured second RSRPs. The function may include the use of addition. The function may be based on weighting. The function may be pre-defined, preconfigured, or determined based on the parameters. The WTRU 102 may add the modified or biased version of the measured second RSRP to the first measured RSSI into the denominator part of the SINR. In an example with the top two SRS-RSRP values (e.g., top 2 selected RSRP measurements), the function may be: RSSI + Weight 1*(SRS-RSRP#1 1) + Weight2*(SRS- RSRP25). In an example with the least three SRS-RSRP values (e.g., least 3 selected RSRP measurements), the function may be: RSSI + Weightl*(SRS-RSRP#3) + Weight2*(SRS-RSRP7) + Weight3*(SRS-RSRP19). The WTRU 102 may determine (or calculate) an SINR value as an SINR numerator (e.g.. RSRP based on one or more measurements of the first RSRP resources) divided by an SINR denominator (e g., as calculated above).

[0356] In certain representative embodiments, a WTRU 102 may (e.g., be configured to) report the calculated (or determined) SINR. In an example, the WTRU 102 may (e.g., optionally) report the measured second RSRP (e.g., the SRS-RSRP value itself) along with the calculated SINR in addition to the corresponding SRIs (e.g., CLI-SRI#n) that were used to calculate the reported SINR. This may provide benefits for the gNB to consider actual amount of measured SRS-RSRP for each aggressor WTRU #n (e.g., represented by a CLI-SRI#n).

[0357] FIG. 5 is a procedural diagram illustrating an example procedure for measurement and reporting using UL muting. As shown in FIG. 5, a WTRU may receive configuration information indicating a set of CSI-IM time and / or frequency resources associated with one or more DL frequency bands (e.g., subbands of an SBFD configuration) at 502. The WTRU may receive DCI associated with a group of WTRUs at 504. For example, the DCI may include informationindicating an UL muting occasion associated with a set of UL time and / or frequency resources. The WTRU may measure interference signal strength using the set of CSI-IM time and / or frequency resources associated with the indicated UL muting occasion based on one or more conditions being satisfied at 506. The WTRU may report information indicating a SINR and / or a CLI-RSSI based on the measured interference signal strength at 508.

[0358] FIG. 6 is a procedural diagram illustrating an example procedure for measurement and reporting of neighbor cells using UL muting. As shown in FIG. 6, a WTRU may receive configuration information indicating a set of CSI-IM time and / or frequency resources associated with one or more subbands (e.g., of an SBFD configuration) at 602. The WTRU may receive information indicating uplink (UL) muting occasions in a first cell at 604. The WTRU may measure a first interference signal strength using the set of CSI-IM time and / or frequency resources based on the indicated UL muting occasions at 606. The WTRU may send information indicating a request for configuration information of a set of UL time and / or frequency resources associated with UL muting occasions in a second cell based on the measured first interference signal strength being more than a threshold at 608. The WTRU may receive configuration information of the set of UL time and / or frequency resources associated with UL muting occasions in the second cell at 610. The WTRU may measure a reference signal received power (RSRP) and / or a second interference signal strength using the set of UL time and / or frequency resources at 612. The WTRU may report information indicating an identifier of the second cell and the measured RSRP and / or the second interference signal strength at 614.

[0359] FIG. 7 is a procedural diagram illustrating an example procedure for measurement and reporting of SINR. As shown in FIG. 7, a WTRU may receive configuration information indicating (i) a first set of reference signal received power (RSRP) measurement resources associated with one or more downlink (DL) subbands (e g., of a SBFD configuration), (ii) a first set of reference signal strength indicator (RSSI) measurement resources associated with one or more DL subbands, and / or (iii) one or more second sets of RSRP measurement resources associated with one or more DL subbands at 702. The WTRU may receive information indicating one or more reference signal (RS) indices associated with the one or more second sets of RSRP measurement resources at 704. The WTRU may measure a first RSRP using the first set of RSRP measurement resources at 706. The WTRU may measure a first RSSI using the first set of RSSI measurement resources at 708. The WTRU may measure one or more second RSRPs using the one or more second sets of RSRP measurement resources associated with the one or more RS indices at 710. The WTRU may determine a signal -to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) based on the first RSRP (e.g., as the numerator for the SINR), the first RSSI (e.g., as part of thedenominator for the SINR), and at least one of the second RSRPs (e.g., as part of the denominator for the SINR) at 712. The WTRU may report information indicating the determined SINR at 714.

[0360] FIG. 8 is a procedural diagram illustrating an example procedure for measurement and reporting of a RSRP and / or other measurement information for a non-serving cell, according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 8. a WTRU 102 may receive configuration information indicating a set of CSI-IM time and / or frequency resources associated with one or more sub-bands at 802. At 804, the WTRU 102 may receive information indicating one or more first UL muting occasions in a first (e.g., serving) cell. At 806, the WTRU 102 may measure a first interference signal strength using the set of CSI-IM time and / or frequencyresources associated with the one or more first UL muting occasions. At 808, the WTRU 102 may send information indicating a first request associated with UL muting in a second (e.g., nonserving) cell based on the first interference signal strength. At 810, the WTRU 102 may receive information indicating one or more second UL muting occasions in the second cell. At 812, the WTRU 102 may measure a RSRP and / or a second interference signal strength using the set of CSI-IM time and / or frequency resources associated with the one or more second UL muting occasions. At 814, the WTRU 102 may report (e.g., to the serving cell) information indicating (i) an identifier of the second cell and (ii) the RSRP and / or measurement information associated with the second interference signal strength.

[0361] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may report a first SINR measurement (e.g., value or range) and / or a first CLI measurement (e.g., value or range) based on the first interference signal strength.

[0362] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may measure the first interference signal strength using a first subset of the set of CSI-IM time and / or frequency resources which are at least partially overlapped with a first set of UL time and / or frequency resources associated with the one or more first UL muting occasions.

[0363] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may measure the RSRP and / or the second interference signal strength using a second subset of the set of CSI-IM time and / or frequency resources which are at least partially overlapped with a second set of UL time and / or frequency resources associated with the one or more second UL muting occasions.

[0364] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may determine a first SINR measurement (e.g., value or range) and / or a first CLI measurement (e.g., value or range) based on the first interference signal strength. The WTRU 102 may send the information indicating the first request based on any of the first SINR measurement being lower than a first threshold, and / or the first CLI measurement being greater than a second threshold.

[0365] In certain representative embodiments, the measurement information includes any of a SINR measurement (e.g., value or range) and / or CLI-RSSI based on the second interference signal strength.

[0366] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may send information indicating a second request to switch to the second cell based on the RSRP being greater than a third threshold.

[0367] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may send information indicating a preference to remain in the first cell based on the RSRP being less than a third threshold.

[0368] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may receive DCI associated with a group of WTRUs. For example, the DCI may include information indicating the one or more first UL muting occasions.

[0369] In certain representative embodiments, the one or more first UL muting occasions may be associated with a first set of UL time and / or frequency resources. The set of CSI-IM time and / or frequency resources used to measure the first interference signal strength may (e.g., be configured to) correspond to the first set of UL time and / or frequency resources.

[0370] In certain representative embodiments, the one or more second UL muting occasions may be associated with a second set of UL time and / or frequency resources. The set of CSI-IM time and / or frequency resources used to measure the RSRP and / or the second interference signal strength may (e.g., be configured to) correspond to the second set of UL time and / or frequency resources.

[0371] In certain representative embodiments, the identifier of the second cell may include any of a primary cell index or another cell identifier.

[0372] FIG. 9 is a procedural diagram illustrating an example procedure for indicating a preference to switch (e.g., handover) to anon-serving cell, according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 9, a WTRU 102 may receive configuration information indicating a set of CSI-IM time and / or frequency resources associated with one or more sub-bands at 902. At 904, the WTRU 102 may receive information indicating one or more first UL muting occasions in a first (e g., serving) cell. At 906, the WTRU 102 may measure a first interference signal strength using the set of CSI-IM time and / or frequency resources associated with the one or more first UL muting occasions. At 908, the WTRU 102 may send information indicating a first request associated with UL muting in a second (e.g.. non-serving) cell based on the first interference signal strength. At 910, the WTRU 102 may receive information indicating one or more second UL muting occasions in the second cell. At 912, the WTRU 102 may measure a RSRP using the set of CSI-IM time and / or frequency resources associated with the one or moresecond UL muting occasions. At 914. the WTRU may send information indicating a second request to switch to the second cell based on the RSRP being greater than a first threshold.

[0373] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may report a first SINR measurement (e.g., value or range) and / or a first CLI measurement (e.g., value or range) based on the first interference signal strength.

[0374] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may measure the first interference signal strength using a first subset of the set of CSI-IM time and / or frequency resources which are at least partially overlapped with a first set of UL time and / or frequency resources associated with the one or more first UL muting occasions.

[0375] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may measure the RSRP using a second subset of the set of CSI-IM time and / or frequency resources which are at least partially overlapped with a second set of UL time and / or frequency' resources associated with the one or more second UL muting occasions.

[0376] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may determine a first SINR measurement and / or a first CLI measurement based on the first interference signal strength. The WTRU 102 may send the information indicating the first request based on any of the first SINR measurement being lower than a first threshold, and / or the first CLI measurement being greater than a second threshold.

[0377] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may measure the RSRP and a second interference signal strength using the set of CSI-IM time and / or frequency resources associated with the one or more second UL muting occasions. For example, the information indicating the second request may include measurement information includes any of a SINR measurement (e.g.. value or range) and / or a CLI-RSSI based on the second interference signal strength.

[0378] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may receive DCI associated with a group of WTRUs (e.g., including the WTRU 102). For example, the DCI may include information indicating the one or more first UL muting occasions.

[0379] In certain representative embodiments, the one or more first UL muting occasions may be associated with a first set of UL time and / or frequency resources. The set of CSI-IM time and / or frequency resources used to measure the first interference signal strength may correspond to the first set of UL time and / or frequency resources.

[0380] In certain representative embodiments, the one or more second UL muting occasions may be associated with a second set of UL time and / or frequency resources. The set of CSI-IM time and / or frequency resources used to measure the RSRP may correspond to the second set of UL time and / or frequency resources.

[0381] In certain representative embodiments, the second request may include an identifier of the second (e.g., non-serving) cell.

[0382] FIG. 10 is a procedural diagram illustrating an example procedure for indicating a preference to not switch (e.g., not perform handover) to a non-serving cell, according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 10. a WTRU 102 may receive configuration information indicating a set of CSI-IM time and / or frequency resources associated with one or more sub-bands at 1002. At 1004, the WTRU 102 may receive information indicating one or more first UL muting occasions in a first (e g., serving) cell. At 1006, the WTRU 102 may measure a first interference signal strength using the set of CSI-IM time and / or frequency resources associated with the one or more first UL muting occasions. At 1008, the WTRU 102 may send (e.g., to the first cell) information indicating a request associated with UL muting in a second (e.g., non-serving) cell based on the first interference signal strength. At 1010, the WTRU 102 may receive information indicating one or more second UL muting occasions in the second cell. At 1012. the WTRU 102 may measure a RSRP and / or a second interference signal strength using the set of CSI-IM time and / or frequency resources associated with the one or more second UL muting occasions. At 1014, the WTRU 102 may send information indicating a preference to not switch to the second cell based on the RSRP being less than a first threshold.

[0383] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may report a first SINR measurement (e.g., value or range) and / or a first CLI measurement (e.g., value or range) based on the first interference signal strength.

[0384] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may measure the first interference signal strength using a first subset of the set of CSI-IM time and / or frequency resources which are at least partially overlapped with a first set of UL time and / or frequency resources associated with the one or more first UL muting occasions.

[0385] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may measure the RSRP using a second subset of the set of CSI-IM time and / or frequency resources which are at least partially overlapped with a second set of UL time and / or frequency resources associated with the one or more second UL muting occasions.

[0386] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may determine a first SINR measurement and / or a first CLI measurement based on the first interference signal strength. The WTRU 102 may send the information indicating the request based on any of the first SINR measurement being lower than a first threshold, and / or the first CLI measurement being greater than a second threshold.

[0387] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may measure the RSRP and a second interference signal strength using the set of CSI-IM time and / or frequency resourcesassociated with the one or more second UL muting occasions. For example, the information indicating the preference may include measurement information including a SINR measurement (e.g., value or range) and / or a CLI-RSSI based on the second interference signal strength.

[0388] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may receive DCI associated with a group of WTRUs (e.g., including the WTRU 102). For example, the DCI may include information indicating the one or more first UL muting occasions.

[0389] In certain representative embodiments, the one or more first UL muting occasions may be associated with a first set of UL time and / or frequency resources. The set of CSI-IM time and / or frequency resources used to measure the first interference signal strength may correspond to the first set of UL time and / or frequency resources.

[0390] In certain representative embodiments, the one or more second UL muting occasions may be associated with a second set of UL time and / or frequency resources. The set of CSI-IM time and / or frequency resources used to measure the RSRP may correspond to the second set of UL time and / or frequency resources.

[0391] In certain representative embodiments, the information indicating the preference to not switch to the second cell may include an identifier of the second cell.

[0392] FIG. 11 is a procedural diagram illustrating an example procedure for measurement and reporting of a RSRP and / or other measurement information for a non-serving cell, according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 11, a WTRU 102 may receive information indicating one or more first UL muting occasions in a first (e.g., serving) cell at 1102. At 1104, the WTRU 102 may measure a first interference signal strength using CSI-IM resources associated with the one or more first UL muting occasions. At 1106, the WTRU 102 may send information indicating a request associated with UL muting in a second (e.g., nonserving) cell based on the first interference signal strength. At 1108, the WTRU 102 may receive information indicating one or more second UL muting occasions in the second cell. At 1110, the WTRU 102 may measure a RSRP and / or a second interference signal strength using CSI-IM resources associated with the one or more second UL muting occasions. At 1112, the WTRU 102 may report information indicating (i) an identifier of the second cell and (ii) the RSRP and / or measurement information associated with the second interference signal strength.

[0393] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may receive a first DCI that includes information indicating a group of WTRUs (e.g., including the WTRU). For example, the first DCI may include the information indicating the one or more first UL muting occasions.

[0394] In certain representative embodiments, the information indicating the request may include a first SINR measurement (e.g., value or range) and / or a first CLI measurement (e.g., value or range) based on the first interference signal strength.

[0395] In certain representative embodiments, the measurement information includes a second SINR measurement (e.g., value or range) and / or a second CLI measurement (e.g., value or range) based on the second interference signal strength.

[0396] In certain representative embodiments, the CLI measurement may include a cross-layer interference received signal strength indicator (CLI-RSSI).

[0397] FIG. 12 is a procedural diagram illustrating an example procedure for receiving reporting of RSRP and / or other measurement information for a non-serving cell, according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 12, a base station (e.g., gNB or TRP) may send (e.g.. to a group of WTRUs 102) information indicating one or more first UL muting occasions in a first (e.g., serving) cell at 1202. At 1204, the base station may receive (e.g., from one or more of the WTRUs 102) information indicating a request associated with UL muting in a second (e.g., non-serving) cell based on a first interference signal strength measured using CSI- IM resources associated with the one or more first UL muting occasions. At 1206, the base station may send (e.g.. in response to the request) information indicating one or more second UL muting occasions in the second cell. At 1208, the base station may receive (e.g., from the one or more of the WTRUs 102) report information indicating (i) an identifier of the second cell and (ii) RSRP and / or measurement information associated with a second interference signal strength measured using CSI-IM resources associated with the one or more second UL muting occasions.

[0398] In certain representative embodiments, the base station may send a first DO including information indicating a group of WTRUs. The DCI may include the information indicating the one or more first UL muting occasions.

[0399] In certain representative embodiments, the information indicating the request may include a first SINR measurement (e.g.. value or range) and / or a first CLI measurement (e.g.. value or range) based on the first interference signal strength.

[0400] In certain representative embodiments, the measurement information includes a second SINR measurement (e.g., value or range) and / or a second CLI measurement (e.g., value or range) based on the second interference signal strength.

[0401] In certain representative embodiments, the CLI measurement may include a CLI-RSSI.

[0402] In certain representative embodiments, a WTRU 102 may receive configuration information indicating a set of CSI-IM time and frequency resources associated with one or more sub-bands. The WTRU 102 may receive information indicating UL muting occasions in a first cell. The WTRU 102 may measure a first interference signal strength using the set of CSI-IM time and frequency resources based on the indicated UL muting occasions. The WTRU 102 may send information indicating a request for configuration information of a set of UL time and frequency resources associated with UL muting occasions in a second cell based on the measured firstinterference signal strength being more than a threshold. The WTRU 102 may receive configuration information of the set of UL time and frequency resources associated with UL muting occasions in the second cell. The WTRU 102 may measure a RSRP and / or a second interference signal strength using the set of UL time and frequency resources in the second cell. The WTRU 102 may report information indicating an identifier of the second cell and the measured RSRP and / or the second interference signal strength.

[0403] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may report a SINR and / or a CLI- RSSI based on the measured first interference signal strength.

[0404] In certain representative embodiments, the second interference signal strength is a SINR and / or CLI-RSSI based on the set of UL time and frequency resources in the second cell.

[0405] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may send information indicating a handover request to switch to the second cell based on the measured RSRP associated with the second cell being greater than a threshold.

[0406] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may send information indicating a preference to remain with the first cell based on the measured RSRP associated with the second cell being less than a threshold.

[0407] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may receive DCI associated with a group of WTRUs. For example, the DCI may include information indicating the UL muting occasions are associated wi th a set of UL time and frequency resources which correspond to the set of CSI-IM time and frequency resources.

[0408] One or more embodiments provide a computer program comprising instructions which when executed by one or more processors cause such processors to perform the encoding and / or decoding methods according to any of the embodiments described above. One or more embodiments also provide a computer readable storage medium having stored thereon instructions for encoding or decoding video data according to the methods described above.

[0409] One or more embodiments provide a computer readable storage medium having stored thereon video data generated according to the methods described above. One or more embodiments also provide a method and apparatus for transmitting or receiving video data generated according to the methods described above.

[0410] The embodiments described herein may be implemented in, for example, a method or a process, an apparatus, a software program, a data stream, or a signal. Even if only discussed in the context of a single form of implementation (e.g., as a method), the implementation of such features may also be implemented in other forms. An apparatus may be implemented in, for example, appropriate hardware, software, and firmware. Corresponding methods may be implemented in, for example, a processor.

[0411] Various numeric values are used in the present application. Such specific values are for example purposes and the embodiments described are not limited to these specific values.

[0412] Various methods are described herein, and such methods comprise one or more steps or actions for achieving the described method. Unless a specific order of steps or actions is required for the proper operation of the method, the order and / or use of specific steps and / or actions may be modified or combined. Additionally, terms such as “first”, “second”, etc. may be used in various embodiments to modify an element, component, step, operation, etc., for example, a “first decoding” and a “second decoding”. Use of such terms does not imply an order to the operations unless specifically required.

[0413] The present disclosure may refer to “determining” various pieces of information. Determining information may include one or more of, for example, estimating, calculating, predicting, or retrieving (e.g., from memory) the information.

[0414] The present disclosure may refer to “accessing” various pieces of information. Accessing information may include one or more of, for example, receiving, retrieving (e.g.. from memory), storing, moving, copying, calculating, determining, predicting, or estimating the information. Similarly, the present disclosure may refer to “receiving” various pieces of information. Receiving information may include one or more of, for example, accessing or retrieving (e.g., from memory) the information.

[0415] It is to be understood that use of any of the following “ / ”, “and / or”, and “at least one of’ is intended to encompass all possible selections of listed items, taken either individually or in any combination thereof.

[0416] While specific embodiments have been described in the foregoing description in connection with the accompanying drawings, it should be understood that embodiments described herein are examples only and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the present disclosure or the following claims. Although features and elements are described herein in particular combinations, those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that such features or elements may be used alone or in any combination with the other features and elements. It is understood, therefore, that the overall teachings of the present disclosure are not limited to the particular embodiments, implementations, and examples disclosed herein, but are intended to cover variations, modifications, and alternatives as defined by the appended claims and any and all equivalents thereof.

Claims

CLAIMSWhat is claimed is:

1. A wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU). comprising: a processor, a memory. and a transceiver which are configured to: receive configuration information indicating a set of channel state information interference measurement (CSI-IM) time and / or frequency resources associated with one or more sub-bands, receive information indicating one or more first uplink (UL) muting occasions in a first cell, measure a first interference signal strength using the set of CSI-IM time and / or frequency resources associated with the one or more first UL muting occasions, send information indicating a first request associated with UL muting in a second cell based on the first interference signal strength, receive information indicating one or more second UL muting occasions in the second cell, measure a reference signal received power (RSRP) and / or a second interference signal strength using the set of CSI-IM time and / or frequency resources associated with the one or more second UL muting occasions, and report information indicating (i) an identifier of the second cell and (ii) the RSRP and / or measurement information associated with the second interference signal strength.

2. The WTRU of claim 1, wherein the processor, the memory, and the transceiver are configured to report a first signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) measurement and / or a first crosslayer interference (CLI) measurement based on the first interference signal strength.

3. The WTRU of any of claims 1-2, wherein the processor, the memory, and the transceiver are configured to measure the first interference signal strength using a first subset of the set of CSI- IM time and / or frequency resources which are at least partially overlapped with a first set of UL time and / or frequency resources associated with the one or more first UL muting occasions.

4. The WTRU of any of claims 1-3, wherein the processor, the memory, and the transceiver are configured to measure the RSRP and / or the second interference signal strength using a second subset of the set of CSI-IM time and / or frequency resources which are at least partially overlapped with a second set of UL time and / or frequency resources associated with the one or more second UL muting occasions.

5. The WTRU of any of claims 1-4, wherein the processor, the memory, and the transceiver are configured to: determine a first signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) measurement and / or a first cross-layer interference (CLI) measurement based on the first interference signal strength, and wherein the processor, the memory, and the transceiver are configured to send the information indicating the first request based on any of the first SINR measurement being lower than a first threshold, and / or the first CLI measurement being greater than a second threshold.

6. The WTRU of any of claims 1-5, wherein the measurement information includes any of a signal -to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) measurement and / or cross-layer interference received signal strength indicator (CLI-RSSI) based on the second interference signal strength.

7. The WTRU of any of claims 1-6, wherein the processor, the memory, and the transceiver are configured to send information indicating a second request to switch to the second cell based on the RSRP being greater than a third threshold.

8. The WTRU of any of claims 1-6, wherein the processor, the memory, and the transceiver are configured to send information indicating a preference to remain in the first cell based on the RSRP being less than a third threshold.

9. The WTRU of any of claims 1-8, wherein the processor, the memory, and the transceiver are configured to receive downlink control information (DCI) associated with a group of WTRUs, wherein the DCI includes information indicating the one or more first UL muting occasions,10. The WTRU of claim 9, wherein the one or more first UL muting occasions are associated with a first set of UL time and / or frequency resources, and the set of CSI-IM time and / or frequency resources used to measure the first interference signal strength correspond to the first set of UL time and / or frequency resources.

11. The WTRU of claim 9, wherein the one or more second UL muting occasions are associated with a second set of UL time and / or frequency resources, and the set of CSI-IM time and / or frequency resources used to measure the RSRP and / or the second interference signal strength correspond to the second set of UL time and / or frequency resources.

12. The WTRU of any of claims 1-11, wherein the identifier of the second cell is a primary7cell index or a cell identifier.

13. A method implemented by a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU), the method comprising: receiving configuration information indicating a set of channel state information interference measurement (CSI-IM) time and / or frequency resources associated with one or more sub-bands; receiving information indicating one or more first uplink (UL) muting occasions in a first cell; measuring a first interference signal strength using the set of CSI-IM time and / or frequency resources associated with the one or more first UL muting occasions; sending information indicating a first request associated with UL muting in a second cell based on the first interference signal strength; receiving information indicating one or more second UL muting occasions in the second cell; measuring a reference signal received power (RSRP) and / or a second interference signal strength using the set of CSI-IM time and / or frequency resources associated with the one or more second UL muting occasions; and reporting information indicating (i) an identifier of the second cell and (ii) the RSRP and / or measurement information associated with the second interference signal strength.

14. The method of claim 13, further comprising: reporting a first signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) measurement and / or a first cross-layer interference (CL1) measurement based on the first interference signal strength.

15. The method of any of claims 13-14, further comprising: measuring the first interference signal strength using a first subset of the set of CSI-IM time and / or frequency resources which are at least partially overlapped with a first set of UL time and / or frequency resources associated with the one or more first UL muting occasions.

16. The method of any of claims 13-15, further comprising: measuring the RSRP and / or the second interference signal strength using a second subset of the set of CSI-IM time and / or frequency resources which are at least partially overlapped with a second set of UL time and / or frequency resources associated with the one or more second UL muting occasions.

17. The method of any of claims 13-16. further comprising:determining a first signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) measurement and / or a first cross-layer interference (CLI) measurement based on the first interference signal strength, and wherein the information indicating the first request is sent based on any of the first SINR measurement being lower than a first threshold, and / or the first CLI measurement being greater than a second threshold.

18. The method of any of claims 13-17, wherein the measurement information includes any of a signal -to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) measurement and / or cross-layer interference received signal strength indicator (CLI -RS SI) based on the second interference signal strength.

19. The method of any of claims 13-18, further comprising: sending information indicating a second request to switch to the second cell based on the RSRP being greater than a third threshold.

20. The method of any of claims 13-19, further comprising: sending information indicating a preference to remain in the first cell based on the RSRP being less than a third threshold.

21. The method of any of claims 12-20, further comprising: receiving downlink control information (DCI) associated with a group of WTRUs, wherein the DCI includes information indicating the one or more first UL muting occasions,22. The method of claim 21, wherein the one or more first UL muting occasions are associated with a first set of UL time and / or frequency resources, and the set of CSI-IM time and / or frequency resources used to measure the first interference signal strength correspond to the first set of UL time and / or frequency resources.

23. The method of claim 21, wherein the one or more second UL muting occasions are associated with a second set of UL time and / or frequency resources, and the set of CSI-IM time and / or frequency resources used to measure the RSRP and / or the second interference signal strength correspond to the second set of UL time and / or frequency resources.

24. The method of any of claims 13-23, wherein the identifier of the second cell is a primary cell index or a cell identifier.74SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)

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