Method and device for determining transmission power in integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) technology

Abstract

Provided are a method for performing wireless communication and sensing by a first device, and a device supporting same. The first device may: acquire information related to a sensing area; determine transmission power for transmitting a sensing signal, on the basis of a maximum distance between the first device and the sensing area; and transmit the sensing signal on the basis of the transmission power. For example, a target object within the sensing area may be detected on the basis of the sensing signal.

Description

Method and device for determining transmission power in integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) technology

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a wireless communication system.

[0002] 5G NR, the successor to LTE (long-term evolution), is a new clean-slate mobile communications system characterized by high performance, low latency, and high availability. 5G NR can utilize all available spectrum resources, from low-frequency bands below 1 GHz, mid-frequency bands between 1 GHz and 10 GHz, and high-frequency (millimeter wave) bands above 24 GHz.

[0003] The 6G (wireless communication) system aims to achieve (i) very high data rates per device, (ii) a very large number of connected devices, (iii) global connectivity, (iv) very low latency, (v) low energy consumption for battery-free Internet of Things (IoT) devices, (vi) ultra-reliable connectivity, and (vii) connected intelligence with machine learning capabilities. The vision of the 6G system can be divided into four aspects: intelligent connectivity, deep connectivity, holographic connectivity, and ubiquitous connectivity, and the 6G system can satisfy the requirements as shown in Table 1 below. For example, Table 1 can represent an example of the requirements of a 6G system.

[0004] Maximum data rate per device: 1 Tbps, E2E latency: 1 ms, Maximum spectral efficiency: 100 bps / Hz, Mobility support: Up to 1000 km / hr, Satellite integration: Fully AI, Fully autonomous driving, Fully XR, Fully haptic communication

[0005] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a method may be provided. For example, the method may include: obtaining information related to a sensing area; determining a transmission power for transmitting a sensing signal based on a maximum distance between a first device and the sensing area; and transmitting the sensing signal based on the transmission power. For example, a target object within the sensing area may be detected based on the sensing signal.

[0006] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a device may be provided. For example, the device may include at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions, wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the device to: obtain information related to a sensing region; determine a transmission power for transmitting a sensing signal based on a maximum distance between the device and the sensing region; and transmit the sensing signal based on the transmission power. For example, a target object within the sensing region may be detected based on the sensing signal.

[0007] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a processing device configured to control a device may be provided. The processing device may include at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the device to: obtain information related to a sensing area; determine a transmission power for transmitting a sensing signal based on a maximum distance between the device and the sensing area; and transmit the sensing signal based on the transmission power. For example, a target object within the sensing area may be detected based on the sensing signal.

[0008] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having instructions recorded thereon may be provided. The instructions, when executed, may cause a device to: obtain information related to a sensing area; determine a transmission power for transmitting a sensing signal based on a maximum distance between the device and the sensing area; and transmit the sensing signal based on the transmission power. For example, a target object within the sensing area may be detected based on the sensing signal.

[0009] Figure 1 illustrates a device-to-device communication procedure according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0010] FIG. 2 illustrates a radio protocol architecture according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0011] FIG. 3 illustrates the structure of a wireless frame according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0012] FIG. 4 illustrates a slot structure of a frame according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0013] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a BWP according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0014] FIG. 6 illustrates a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0015] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a communication scenario based on a 6G system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0016] FIG. 8 illustrates beam management according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0017] FIG. 9 illustrates an example of a sensing operation according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0018] FIG. 10 illustrates the relationship between RCS, range (D), and power according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0019] FIG. 11 illustrates mono-static and bi-static sensing in ISAC technology according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0020] FIG. 12 illustrates a method for selecting an RoI using information of a receiver according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0021] FIG. 13 illustrates a method for a transmitter to transmit an RoI to a receiver according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0022] FIG. 14 illustrates a method by which a third device selects an RoI and transmits it to a transmitter and / or a receiver, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0023] FIG. 15 illustrates a method in which a transmitter selects an RoI and transmits it to a receiver according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0024] FIG. 16 illustrates a method for a receiver to select an RoI and transmit it to a transmitter according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0025] FIG. 17 illustrates a method by which a third device selects an RoI and transmits it to a transmitter and / or a receiver, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0026] FIG. 18 illustrates a method for exchanging information between a transmitter, a receiver, and / or a third device, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0027] FIG. 19 illustrates a case where a sensing signal is transmitted with excessive transmission signal strength according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0028] FIG. 20 illustrates a case where a sensing signal is transmitted with insufficient transmission signal strength according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0029] FIG. 21 shows the maximum and minimum distances between a transmitter, a receiver, and an RoI according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0030] FIG. 22 illustrates representative beamforming directions for sensing in ISAC technology, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0031] FIG. 23 illustrates a method for transmitting a sensing signal in a wide beam pattern in the RoI direction according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0032] FIG. 24 illustrates a method of transmitting a sensing signal with a beam sweeping operation in a thin beam pattern in the RoI direction according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0033] FIG. 25 illustrates a method of reporting and / or feedback operation by a receiver to a transmitter according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0034] FIG. 26 illustrates a method for a first device to perform wireless communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0035] FIG. 27 illustrates a method for a second device to perform wireless communication according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0036] Fig. 28 shows a communication system (1) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0037] FIG. 29 illustrates a wireless device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0038] FIG. 30 illustrates a signal processing circuit for a transmission signal according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0039] FIG. 31 illustrates a wireless device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0040] FIG. 32 illustrates a portable device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0041] FIG. 33 illustrates a vehicle or autonomous vehicle according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0042] In this disclosure, "A or B" can mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." In other words, "A or B" in this disclosure can be interpreted as "A and / or B." For example, "A, B or C" in this disclosure can mean "only A," "only B," "only C," or "any combination of A, B and C."

[0043] As used herein, a slash ( / ) or a comma may mean "and / or." For example, "A / B" may mean "A and / or B." Accordingly, "A / B" may mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." For example, "A, B, C" may mean "A, B, or C."

[0044] In the present disclosure, “at least one of A and B” may mean “only A,” “only B,” or “both A and B.” Additionally, in the present disclosure, the expressions “at least one of A or B” or “at least one of A and / or B” may be interpreted identically to “at least one of A and B.”

[0045] Additionally, in the present disclosure, “at least one of A, B and C” can mean “only A,” “only B,” “only C,” or “any combination of A, B and C.” Additionally, “at least one of A, B or C” or “at least one of A, B and / or C” can mean “at least one of A, B and C.”

[0046] Additionally, parentheses used in the present disclosure may mean "for example." Specifically, when indicated as "control information (PDCCH)", "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information." In other words, "control information" in the present disclosure is not limited to "PDCCH," and "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information." Furthermore, even when indicated as "control information (i.e., PDCCH)", "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information."

[0047] In the following explanation, ‘when, if, in case of’ can be replaced with ‘based on’.

[0048] Technical features individually described in one drawing in this disclosure may be implemented individually or simultaneously.

[0049] In the present disclosure, higher layer parameters may be parameters set for the terminal, preset, or predefined. For example, a base station or network may transmit higher layer parameters to the terminal. For example, the higher layer parameters may be transmitted via radio resource control (RRC) signaling or medium access control (MAC) signaling.

[0050] In the present disclosure, "setting or defining" may be interpreted as being set or preset to a device through predefined signaling (e.g., SIB, MAC, RRC, DCI (downlink control information), etc.) from a base station or a network. In the present disclosure, "setting or defining" may be interpreted as being set or preset to a device through predefined signaling (e.g., MAC, RRC, SCI (sidelink control information), device-to-device signaling control information, etc.) from another device. In the present disclosure, "setting or defining" may be interpreted as being set or preset to a device.

[0051] In the present disclosure, a user equipment (UE) may refer to a device, a portable device, a wireless device, etc. In the present disclosure, a base station (BS) may refer to a radio access network (RAN) node, a non-terrestrial network (NTN) cell / node, a transmission reception point (TRP), a network, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a device, a portable device, a wireless device, etc.

[0052] The technology proposed in the present disclosure can be used in various wireless communication systems such as CDMA (code division multiple access), FDMA (frequency division multiple access), TDMA (time division multiple access), OFDMA (orthogonal frequency division multiple access), and SC-FDMA (single carrier frequency division multiple access). CDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as UTRA (universal terrestrial radio access) or CDMA2000. TDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as GSM (global system for mobile communications) / GPRS (general packet radio service) / EDGE (enhanced data rates for GSM evolution). OFDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802-20, E-UTRA (evolved UTRA), LTE (long term evolution), and 5G NR.

[0053] The technology proposed in this disclosure can be implemented with 6G wireless technology and applied to various 6G systems. For example, 6G systems can have key factors such as enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low latency communications (URLLC), massive machine-type communication (mMTC), artificial intelligence (AI) integrated communication, tactile internet, high throughput, high network capacity, high energy efficiency, low backhaul and access network congestion, and enhanced data security.

[0054] FIG. 1 illustrates a device-to-device communication procedure according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 1 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0055] Referring to FIG. 1, in step S101, a first device and a second device can perform synchronization. For example, the first device can be a terminal and / or at least one of the devices proposed in the present disclosure. For example, the second device can be a base station, a network, a RAN node, an NTN node / cell, a TRP, a terminal and / or at least one of the devices proposed in the present disclosure. For example, the first device can perform an initial cell search operation. For example, the first device can detect at least one synchronization signal transmitted by the second device according to a predefined rule. Here, for example, the synchronization signal can include a plurality of synchronization signals classified according to a structure or purpose (e.g., a primary synchronization signal, a secondary synchronization signal, etc.). Through this, the first device can identify the boundaries of the frame, subframe, time unit, slot, and / or symbol of the second device, and the first device can obtain information about the second device (e.g., a cell identifier).

[0056] In step S103, the first device can obtain system information transmitted by the second device. For example, the system information may include information related to the properties, characteristics, and / or capabilities of the second device required to connect to the second device and use the service. For example, the system information may be classified according to content (e.g., whether it is essential for connection), transmission structure (e.g., the channel used, whether it is provided on-demand), etc. For example, the system information may be classified into a master information block (MIB) and a system information block (SIB). For example, if necessary, the first device may transmit a signal requesting system information before receiving the system information. For example, the request and provision of system information may be performed after a random access procedure described below.

[0057] In step S105, the first device and the second device can perform a random access procedure. For example, the first device can transmit and / or receive at least one message (e.g., a random access preamble, a random access response message, etc.) for the random access procedure based on information related to a random access channel of the second device obtained through system information (e.g., channel location, channel structure, structure of supported preamble, etc.). For example, the first device can transmit a preamble (e.g., Msg1) through the random access channel, the first device can receive a random access response message (e.g., Msg2), the first device can transmit a message (e.g., Msg3) including information related to the first device (e.g., identification information) to the second device using scheduling information included in the random access response message, and the first device can receive a message (e.g., Msg4) for contention resolution and / or connection establishment. For example, Msg1 and Msg3 can be sent and received as one message (e.g., MsgA), and / or Msg2 and Msg4 can be sent and received as one message (e.g., MsgB).

[0058] In step S107, the first device and the second device may perform signaling of control information. Here, for example, the control information may be defined in various layers, such as a layer that controls a connection (e.g., a radio resource control (RRC) layer), a layer that handles mapping between logical channels and transport channels (e.g., a media access control (MAC) layer), a layer that handles physical channels (e.g., a physical (PHY) layer), etc. For example, the first device and the second device may perform at least one of signaling for establishing a connection, signaling for determining settings related to communication, and / or signaling for indicating allocated resources. For example, the control information may be signaled / transmitted via a control channel. For example, the control information and / or the control channel may be used to schedule at least one of data, a data channel (e.g., a shared channel), and / or control information on the data channel.

[0059] In step S109, the first device and the second device may transmit and / or receive data. For example, the first device and the second device may process, transmit, and / or receive data based on signaling of control information. For example, when transmitting data, the first device or the second device may perform at least one of channel encoding, rate matching, scrambling, constellation mapping, layer mapping, waveform modulation, antenna mapping, and / or resource mapping on the information bits. For example, when receiving data, the first device or the second device may perform at least one of signal extraction from resources, waveform demodulation for each antenna, signal arrangement considering layer mapping, constellation demapping, descrambling, and / or channel decoding.

[0060] For example, the layers of a radio interface protocol between a first device and a second device can be divided into L1 (layer 1), L2 (layer 2), L3 (layer 3), etc. For example, a physical layer belonging to the first layer can provide an information transfer service using a physical channel, and an RRC (radio resource control) layer located in the third layer can play a role in controlling radio resources between the first device and the second device. For this purpose, for example, the RRC layer can exchange RRC messages between the first device and the second device.

[0061] FIG. 2 illustrates a radio protocol architecture according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 2 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, (a) of FIG. 2 may illustrate a radio protocol stack of a user plane for uplink communication or downlink communication, and (b) of FIG. 2 may illustrate a radio protocol stack of a control plane for uplink communication or downlink communication. For example, (c) of FIG. 2 may illustrate a radio protocol stack of a user plane for device-to-device communication, and (d) of FIG. 2 may illustrate a radio protocol stack of a control plane for device-to-device communication.

[0062] For example, the physical layer can provide information transmission services to upper layers using physical channels. For example, the physical layer can be connected to the upper layer, the medium access control (MAC) layer, through a transport channel. For example, data can be transmitted between the MAC layer and the physical layer through the transport channel. For example, transport channels can be classified according to how and with what characteristics data is transmitted over the wireless interface. For example, data can be transmitted between different physical layers, i.e., between the physical layers of a first device and a second device, through a physical channel. For example, the physical channel can be modulated using an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) scheme, and time and frequency can be utilized as radio resources.

[0063] For example, the MAC layer can provide services to the upper layer, the radio link control (RLC) layer, through logical channels. For example, the MAC layer can provide a mapping function from multiple logical channels to multiple transport channels. For example, the MAC layer can provide a logical channel multiplexing function by mapping multiple logical channels to a single transport channel. For example, the MAC sublayer can provide data transmission services on logical channels.

[0064] For example, the RLC layer can perform concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC service data units (SDUs). For example, to guarantee the various quality of service (QoS) required by radio bearers (RBs), the RLC layer can provide three operating modes: transparent mode (TM), unacknowledged mode (UM), and acknowledged mode (AM). For example, AM RLC can provide error correction through automatic repeat request (ARQ).

[0065] For example, the RRC (radio resource control) layer can be defined only in the control plane. For example, the RRC layer can be responsible for controlling logical channels, transport channels, and physical channels in relation to the configuration, re-configuration, and release of radio bearers. For example, an RB can mean a logical path provided by a first layer (e.g., a physical layer) and a second layer (e.g., a MAC layer, an RLC layer, a PDCP (packet data convergence protocol) layer, a SDAP (service data adaptation protocol) layer, etc.) for data transmission between a first device and a second device.

[0066] For example, the functions of the PDCP layer in the user plane may include forwarding of user data, header compression, and ciphering. For example, the functions of the PDCP layer in the control plane may include forwarding of control plane data and ciphering / integrity protection.

[0067] For example, establishing an RB can refer to the process of defining the characteristics of the radio protocol layer and channel to provide a specific service, and setting specific parameters and operating methods for each. For example, RBs can be divided into two types: signaling radio bearers (SRBs) and data radio bearers (DRBs). For example, SRBs can be used as a channel to transmit RRC messages in the control plane, while DRBs can be used as a channel to transmit user data in the user plane.

[0068] For example, a downlink transmission channel may include at least one of a broadcast channel (BCH) for transmitting system information, and / or a downlink shared channel (SCH) for transmitting user traffic or control messages. For example, traffic or control messages of a downlink multicast or broadcast service may be transmitted through the downlink SCH, or may be transmitted through a separate downlink multicast channel (MCH). Meanwhile, an uplink transmission channel may include at least one of a random access channel (RACH) for transmitting initial control messages, and / or an uplink shared channel (SCH) for transmitting user traffic or control messages. For example, a logical channel located above a transmission channel and mapped to the transmission channel may include at least one of a broadcast control channel (BCCH), a paging control channel (PCCH), a common control channel (CCCH), a multicast control channel (MCCH), and / or a multicast traffic channel (MTCH).

[0069] FIG. 3 illustrates the structure of a wireless frame according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 3 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0070] Referring to FIG. 3, for example, a radio frame may be used in uplink transmission, downlink transmission, and / or device-to-device transmission. For example, a radio frame may have a length of 10 ms and may be defined as two 5 ms half-frames (HF). For example, a half-frame may include five 1 ms subframes (SF). For example, a subframe may be divided into one or more slots, and the number of slots within a subframe may be determined according to a subcarrier spacing (SCS). For example, each slot may include 12 or 14 OFDM (A) symbols, depending on a cyclic prefix (CP).

[0071] For example, when normal CP is used, each slot can contain 14 symbols. For example, when extended CP is used, each slot can contain 12 symbols. Here, for example, the symbols can contain OFDM symbols (or CP-OFDM symbols), SC-FDMA (single carrier-FDMA) symbols (or DFT-s-OFDM (Discrete Fourier Transform-spread-OFDM) symbols).

[0072] Table 2 below shows the number of symbols per slot (N) depending on the SCS setting (u) when normal CP or extended CP is used. slot symb ), number of slots per frame (N frame,u slot ) and the number of slots per subframe (N subframe,u slot ) is an example.

[0073] CP type SCS (15*2u )N slot symb N frame,u slot N subframe,u slot Normal CP15kHz (u=0)1410130kHz (u=1)1420260kHz (u=2)14404120kHz (u=3)14808240kHz (u=4)1416016Extended CP60kHz (u=2)12404

[0074] For example, OFDM(A) numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.) may be set differently between multiple cells that are merged into a single terminal. Accordingly, the (absolute time) interval of time resources (e.g., subframes, slots, or transmit time intervals (TTIs)) composed of the same number of symbols may be set differently between the merged cells. For example, in the present disclosure, time resources such as subframes, slots, TTIs, etc. may be referred to as time units.

[0075] For example, multiple numerologies, or SCSs, may be supported to support various services. For example, a 15 kHz SCS may support wide areas in traditional cellular bands, while a 30 kHz / 60 kHz SCS may support dense urban areas, lower latency, and wider carrier bandwidth. For example, a 60 kHz or higher SCS may support bandwidths greater than 24.25 GHz to overcome phase noise.

[0076] FIG. 4 illustrates a slot structure of a frame according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 4 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0077] Referring to FIG. 4, for example, a slot may include multiple symbols in the time domain. For example, a carrier may include multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. For example, a resource block (RB) may be defined as multiple consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. For example, a bandwidth part (BWP) may be defined as multiple consecutive (P)RBs ((physical) resource blocks) in the frequency domain, and may correspond to one numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.). For example, a carrier may include at most N BWPs (where N is a positive integer). For example, data communication may be performed through an activated BWP. For example, each element may be referred to as a resource element (RE) in the resource grid, and one complex symbol may be mapped to it.

[0078] For example, a BWP may be a contiguous set of PRBs in a given numerology. For example, a PRB may be selected from a contiguous subset of common resource blocks (CRBs) for a given numerology on a given carrier.

[0079] For example, the BWP may be at least one of an active BWP, an initial BWP, and / or a default BWP. For example, the UE may not monitor the downlink radio link quality in a DL BWP other than the active DL BWP on the PCell (primary cell). For example, the UE may not receive a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH), a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH), or a channel state information-reference signal (CSI-RS) (except for radio resource management (RRM)) outside of the active DL BWP. For example, the UE may not trigger channel state information (CSI) reporting for an inactive DL BWP. For example, the UE may not transmit a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) or a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) outside of the active UL BWP. For example, for downlink, the initial BWP can be given as a set of consecutive resource blocks (RBs) for the remaining minimum system information (RMSI) CORESET (control resource set) (set by the physical broadcast channel (PBCH)). For uplink, for example, the initial BWP can be given by the system information block (SIB) for the random access procedure. For example, the default BWP can be set by a higher layer. For example, the initial value of the default BWP can be the initial DL BWP.For energy saving, if the terminal does not detect DCI (downlink control information) for a certain period of time, the terminal may switch its active BWP to a default BWP.

[0080] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a BWP according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 5 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure. In the embodiment of FIG. 5, it is assumed that there are three BWPs.

[0081] Referring to FIG. 5, for example, a common resource block (CRB) may be a carrier resource block numbered from one end of a carrier band to the other, and a PRB may be a numbered resource block within each BWP. For example, point A may indicate a common reference point for a resource block grid.

[0082] For example, BWP is point A, offset from point A (N start BWP ) and bandwidth (N size BWP ) can be set by. For example, point A can be an outer reference point of the PRB of a carrier where subcarrier 0 of all numerologies (e.g., all numerologies supported by the network on that carrier) aligns. For example, the offset can be the PRB spacing between the lowest subcarrier in a given numerology and point A. For example, the bandwidth can be the number of PRBs in a given numerology.

[0083] FIG. 6 illustrates a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 6 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0084] As core implementation technologies of the 6G system, technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), THz (terahertz) communication, optical wireless technology, free-space optical transmission (FSO) backhaul networks, massive MIMO (multiple input multiple output) technology, blockchain, 3D networking, quantum communication, unmanned aerial vehicles, cell-free communication, wireless information and energy transfer (WIET), integration of sensing and communication, integration of access backhaul networks, holographic beamforming, big data analysis, and large intelligent surface (LIS) can be adopted.

[0085] - Artificial Intelligence: Incorporating AI into communications can streamline and improve real-time data transmission. AI can use numerous analytics to determine how complex target tasks should be performed. This means AI can increase efficiency and reduce processing delays. Time-consuming tasks such as handovers, network selection, and resource scheduling can be performed instantly using AI. AI can also play a crucial role in machine-to-machine (M2M), machine-to-human, and human-to-machine communications. Furthermore, AI can facilitate rapid communication in brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). AI-based communication systems can be supported by metamaterials, intelligent structures, intelligent networks, intelligent devices, intelligent cognitive radios, self-sustaining wireless networks, and machine learning.

[0086] - THz communication (terahertz communication): Data rates can be increased by increasing the bandwidth. This can be achieved by using sub-THz communication with wide bandwidths and applying advanced massive MIMO technology. THz waves, also known as sub-millimeter waves, typically refer to the frequency range between 0.1 THz and 10 THz, with corresponding wavelengths ranging from 0.03 mm to 3 mm. The 100 GHz to 300 GHz band (sub-THz band) is considered a key part of the THz spectrum for cellular communications. Adding the sub-THz band to the mmWave band will increase the capacity of 6G cellular communications. Among the defined THz bands, 300 GHz to 3 THz lies in the far infrared (IR) frequency band. While part of the optical band, the 300 GHz to 3 THz band lies at the boundary of the optical band, immediately following the RF band. Therefore, this 300 GHz to 3 THz band exhibits similarities to RF. Key characteristics of THz communications include (i) the widely available bandwidth to support very high data rates and (ii) the high path loss that occurs at high frequencies (requiring highly directional antennas). The narrow beamwidths generated by highly directional antennas reduce interference. The small wavelength of THz signals allows for a significantly larger number of antenna elements to be integrated into devices and base stations operating in this band. This enables the use of advanced adaptive array technologies to overcome range limitations.

[0087] - Large-scale MIMO technology

[0088] - Hologram beamforming (HBF)

[0089] - Optical wireless technology

[0090] - Free-space optical transmission backhaul network (FSO backhaul network)

[0091] - Quantum communication

[0092] - Cell-free communication

[0093] - Integration of wireless information and power transmission

[0094] - Integration of wireless communication and sensing

[0095] - Integrated access and backhaul network

[0096] - Big data analysis

[0097] - Reconfigurable intelligent surface

[0098] - metaverse

[0099] - Blockchain

[0100] Advanced Air Mobility (AAM): AAM can be a broad concept encompassing urban air mobility (UAM), regional air mobility (RAM), and uncrewed aerial systems (UAS). For example, AAM can include UAM, RAM, UAS, and uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAVs).

[0101] - Autonomous driving (self-driving): V2X (vehicle to everything), a key element in building autonomous driving infrastructure, can be a technology that allows cars to communicate and share with various elements on the road for autonomous driving, such as vehicle to vehicle (V2V) wireless communication and vehicle to infrastructure (V2I) wireless communication.

[0102] Non-terrestrial network (NTN): NTN can refer to a network or network segment that utilizes radio frequency (RF) resources mounted on satellites (or UAS platforms). NTN services may be considered to secure wider coverage or provide wireless communication services in locations where the installation of wireless communication base stations is difficult.

[0103] - Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC): Wireless sensing is a technology that uses radio frequencies to determine the instantaneous linear velocity, angle, distance (range), etc. of an object, thereby obtaining information about the characteristics of the environment and / or objects within the environment.

[0104] - Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS): RIS can be used to manipulate and enhance signal propagation in wireless communication environments. For example, a RIS can be composed of many small antennas, or metasurfaces, arranged on a surface, each of which can actively control the phase, amplitude, polarization, etc. of the reflected signal. For example, a RIS can improve signal reception by controlling the path, phase, and / or intensity of the propagating signal. For example, in the case of a RIS, power consumption can be very low because power is consumed only for controlling the phase and amplitude of the small antennas. For example, because a RIS can be reconfigured to suit different environments, it can meet diverse communication requirements and operate effectively in dynamic network environments.

[0105] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a communication scenario based on a 6G system, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 7 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0106] Referring to FIG. 7, NTN communication can be performed based on satellite networks, high-altitude platform stations (HAPS) as international mobile telecommunications (IMT) base stations (BS), and terminals capable of aerial communication (e.g., AAMs). For example, to improve coverage, etc., devices such as satellite networks, HIBS, and terminals capable of aerial communication (e.g., AAMs) can act as relays. For example, an AAM can communicate with a base station, a satellite network, etc., and / or an AAM can communicate directly with a terminal, another AAM, etc.

[0107] FIG. 8 illustrates beam management according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 8 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0108] Referring to FIG. 8, beam management may include beam determination, beam measurement, beam reporting, and / or beam sweeping. When forming a beam using multiple antennas, a narrow antenna beam may be transmitted far in a specific direction, but may not be able to widely cover the entire cell at once. Rather, if an antenna beam is formed in one direction, almost no antenna beam may be created in the other direction, resulting in no signal transmission. Therefore, in such cases, a transmitter or receiver may use beam forming to transmit or receive data, respectively. At this time, the transmitter or receiver must continuously update and manage the beams it uses, which may be referred to as beam management.

[0109] For example, the terminal can perform the following motion-based sidelink FR2 (sidelink mmWave frequency-based sidelink communication) operation.

[0110] - Beam sweeping operation: An operation of covering a spatial area using a transmit and / or receive beam for a predetermined time interval in a predetermined manner.

[0111] - Beam measurement operation: An operation to measure the reference signal (RS) transmitted by the counterpart terminal and find the RS whose measurement value is greater than the threshold.

[0112] - Beam selection operation: An operation to select the best beam (reception beam, transmission beam) based on the beam measurement results.

[0113] - Beam reporting operation: An operation to report the selected best beam to the other terminal or base station.

[0114] Meanwhile, integrated sensing and communication technology has been a major topic in wireless communication technology, and can be called Integrated Sensing And Communication (ISAC) or Joint Communication And Sensing (JCAS). The scope of integrated communication and sensing technology can be broad depending on the purpose and level of integration, and it can be developed and applied from various perspectives. For example, it can mean functions in which communication and sensing operate independently but are installed in a single device (hardware). Furthermore, for example, communication and sensing can use the same frequency band but perform communication and sensing with separate signals and operations. Furthermore, for example, the two functions of communication and sensing can be performed simultaneously using the same signal (waveform).

[0115] For example, a terminal can obtain information about the environment and / or the characteristics of objects within the environment by using radio frequency sensing to determine the instantaneous linear velocity, angle, distance (range), etc. of an object. Since radio frequency sensing does not require a device to connect to the object through a network, it can provide a service for object positioning without a device. The ability to obtain range, velocity, and angle information from radio frequency signals can enable a wide range of new capabilities, such as various object detection, object recognition (e.g., vehicles, humans, animals, UAVs), and high-precision localization, tracking, and activity recognition. Wireless sensing services can provide information to a variety of industries (e.g., unmanned aerial vehicles, smart homes, V2X, factories, railways, public safety, etc.), enabling applications that provide, for example, intruder detection, assisted vehicle steering and navigation, trajectory tracking, collision avoidance, traffic management, health and traffic management, and more. In some cases, wireless sensing can utilize non-3GPP type sensors (e.g., radar, cameras) to further support 3GPP-based sensing. For example, the operation of wireless sensing services, i.e., sensing operations, may depend on the transmission, reflection, and scattering of wireless sensing signals. Therefore, wireless sensing offers an opportunity to enhance existing communication systems from a communications network to a wireless communication and sensing network.

[0116] FIG. 9 illustrates an example of a sensing operation according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 9 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure. Specifically, FIG. 9 (a) illustrates an example of sensing using a sensing receiver and a sensing transmitter located at the same location (e.g., monostatic sensing), and FIG. 9 (b) illustrates an example of sensing using a separated sensing receiver and sensing transmitter (e.g., bistatic sensing).

[0117] Referring to FIG. 9, a sensing transmitter can transmit a sensing signal for sensing one or more objects (and / or an environment around the objects). For example, the sensing signal can be a radio (frequency) signal defined to be transmittable by a base station / terminal. For example, a sensing receiver can receive a signal scattered / reflected by one or more objects (and / or an environment around the objects) from a sensing signal transmitted from the sensing transmitter. For example, in the sensing receiver, sensing data can be derived from the scattered / reflected signal, and a sensing result can be generated / obtained through processing the sensing data. Here, for example, the sensing result can include characteristic information (e.g., position, distance, speed, angle, etc.) about one or more objects (and / or an environment around the objects). For example, the sensing results generated / obtained in this way may be utilized for wireless sensing services (e.g., detection, tracking, etc. of objects and / or environments) or provided / disclosed to a trusted third party.

[0118] For example, a sensing transmitter may be a base station or terminal that transmits a sensing signal to be used for a sensing service to operate, and the sensing transmitter may be located in the same or different base station or terminal as a sensing receiver. For example, a sensing receiver may be a base station or terminal that receives a sensing signal to be used for a sensing service to operate, and the sensing receiver may be located in the same or different base station or terminal as a sensing transmitter. For example, a sensing target may be an object to be detected by deriving characteristics of an object in the environment from a sensing signal. For example, a background environment may be a background that is not a sensing target (e.g., clutter, environmental objects, etc.). For example, an environment object may be an object whose location is known other than a sensing target. For example, monostatic sensing may be sensing in which a sensing transmitter and a sensing receiver coexist in the same base station or terminal. For example, bistatic sensing may be sensing in which the sensing transmitter and the sensing receiver are located in different base stations or terminals. For example, multistatic sensing may be sensing in which there are multiple sensing transmitters and / or multiple sensing receivers for a (single) sensing target. For example, monostatic sensing, bistatic sensing, and / or multistatic sensing may be distinguished based on the angle between the sensing transmitter, the sensing target, and the sensing receiver. For example, if the angle between the sensing transmitter, the sensing target, and the sensing receiver is less than or equal to a threshold, it may be defined as monostatic sensing or semi-monostatic sensing. For example, if the angle between the sensing transmitter, the sensing target, and the sensing receiver is greater than or equal to a threshold, it may be defined as bistatic sensing or multistatic sensing.For example, the terminal may transmit a sensing signal over a wireless interface that can be used for sensing purposes. For example, the terminal may transmit a sensing signal over a 3GPP wireless interface that can be used for sensing purposes.

[0119] For example, the common framework of the ISAC channel model can be composed of target channel components and background channel components. For example, this can be obtained based on the following mathematical equation (1).

[0120]

[0121] Here, for example, target channel H target may include all [multipath] components affected by the sensing target. For example, background channel H Background may contain other [multipath] components that do not belong to the target channel.

[0122] For example, radar cross-section (RCS) may be a measure of how well a radar sensor can detect a target. Therefore, it is often referred to as an electromagnetic characteristic of the target. For example, a larger RCS may indicate that the target is more easily detectable. For example, in a radar sensor measurement, power may be transmitted toward the target, and the target may reflect some of the power back to the receiver. For example, the received power may be based on the RCS of the target, among other factors. For example, the received power may be proportional to the RCS. For example, the RCS of a target may be based on at least one of the frequency of the radar signal, the target material, the target shape, the target size, the direction of the incident and reflected waves relative to the target, the target movement, and / or the target illumination.

[0123] FIG. 10 illustrates the relationship between RCS, range (D), and power according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 10 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0124] Referring to Figure 10, the RCS of a radar target may be the virtual area required to intercept the power density transmitted from the target. For example, the relevant radar formula may be defined as follows.

[0125]

[0126] Here, for example, P TX can be the transmitter power [W], and G TXcan be the gain of the transmitting antenna [dimensionless], D can be the distance between the equipment under test (EUT) and the target [m], RCS can be the radar cross section [m²], and P RX can be the power [W] received back by the EUT from the object, and A eff can be the effective area of ​​the receiving antenna [m²]. For example, A eff can be obtained based on the formula below.

[0127]

[0128] Here, for example, G RX can be the gain of the receiving antenna [dimensionless], λ can be the wavelength of the radio signal [m], λ = c / f, c can be the speed of light 299792458 [m / s], and f can be the frequency [Hz].

[0129] For example, if the transmitter and receiver are co-located and the same antenna is used for both transmission and reception (G TX = G RX = G), the relevant radar formula can be defined as follows.

[0130]

[0131] Here, for example, P TX can be the transmitter power [W], G can be the gain of the transmitting antenna [dimensionless], D can be the distance between the equipment under test (EUT) and the target [m], RCS can be the radar cross section [m²], and P RX can be the power [W] received back by the EUT from the object.

[0132] FIG. 11 illustrates monostatic (FIG. 11(a)) and bistatic (FIG. 11(b)) sensing in ISAC technology according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 11 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0133] In ISAC technology, the detection / detection / sensing operation may be the same as or similar to the operation of Radio Detection And Ranging (RADAR). Typically, radar can be classified into monostatic and bistatic sensing depending on whether the transmitter and receiver are integrated. Referring to (a) of Fig. 11, the monostatic sensing operation may refer to a method in which a transmitter transmits a signal, the signal reflected from an object is received by a receiver located at the same location or device as the transmitter, and the object is detected. Referring to (b) of Fig. 11, the bistatic sensing operation may refer to a method in which a transmitter transmits a signal, the signal reflected from an object is received by a receiver located at a different location from the transmitter, and the object is recognized.

[0134] Although the present disclosure describes a bistatic operation for the sake of ease of understanding, the proposal of the present disclosure can be applied not only to a bistatic operation but also to a monostatic operation, a multistatic operation, etc. For example, the bistatic sensing described in the present disclosure can mean monostatic sensing, multistatic sensing, and / or bistatic sensing. For example, in a sensing operation according to various embodiments of the present disclosure, for one sensing operation, a first device may perform a transmitter operation and / or a second device may perform a receiver operation. For example, in a sensing operation according to various embodiments of the present disclosure, for one sensing operation, a first device may perform a transmitter operation and / or the first device may perform a receiver operation. For example, the present disclosure is not limited to the above-described names.

[0135] In a typical monostatic radar, the power (P) of the signal transmitted from the transmitter t ) and the power received at the receiver (P r) can be as shown in mathematical expression 5. The received power can be attenuated inversely proportional to the fourth power of the distance (R) between the transmitter / receiver and the object.

[0136]

[0137] Here, P r can represent the received power (W), and P t can represent the transmission power (W), and G t can represent the transmit antenna gain, and G r can represent the receiving antenna gain, σ can represent the radar cross-section, λ can represent the wavelength, and R can represent the distance between the radar and the object.

[0138] At this time, for example, in the case of bistatic or multi-static where the transmitter and receiver are separated, referring to (b) of Fig. 11, the distance of the object from the transmitter and the distance of the object from the receiver may be different. For example, at this time, the received power (P r ) is the distance (R) between the transmitter and the object as in mathematical equation 6. Tx ) can be inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the receiver and the object (R Rx ) is inversely proportional to the square of the power of the transmitter, so the reception power of the receiver may differ from the case described above when the transmitter and receiver are in one device (monostatic). For example, when the transmitter and receiver are in the same location or in one device (monostatic), the distance between the transmitter and the object (R Tx ) and the distance between the receiver and the object (R Rx ) may be the same.

[0139]

[0140] Here, P r can represent the received power (W), and P tcan represent the transmission power (W), and G t can represent the transmit antenna gain, and G r can represent the receiving antenna gain, σ can represent the radar cross-section, λ can represent the wavelength, and R Tx can represent the distance between the transmitting radar and the object, and R Rx can indicate the distance between the receiving radar and the object.

[0141] Meanwhile, in ISAC technology, when detecting an object in a situation where the transmitter and receiver are separated (bistatic or multistatic), communication between the transmitter and receiver may be required for accurate detection. For example, information such as detection area information, information about the detected object, and / or the sensing signal intensity may need to be exchanged between the transmitter and receiver. For example, in ISAC technology, information regarding beamforming of the transmitter and receiver(s) for sensing may need to be exchanged. For example, the direction and power of the signal transmitted by the transmitter may need to be limited to minimize interference with other (e.g., communication, sensing) signals. Furthermore, for example, only a portion of the signal transmitted by the transmitter may be reflected by the object and received by the receiver. Therefore, for example, it may be necessary to transmit a signal sufficient for the reception performance of the receiver, taking into account further attenuation of the received signal strength.

[0142] In the present disclosure, according to various embodiments, a method for a terminal to determine transmission power in ISAC technology and a device supporting the same are proposed.

[0143] In the present disclosure, information exchange and beamforming operations between a transmitter and a receiver are proposed in performing bistatic sensing in ISAC technology according to various embodiments.

[0144] Here, the transmitter and receiver may refer to a satellite, a base station, a user equipment (UE), and / or mobility (e.g., a vehicle, a drone, a robot, etc.), and one device / terminal may be capable of acting as a transmitter and / or a receiver. For example, bistatic sensing may be a case where a base station transmitter transmits a signal and the base station receiver receives the signal reflected from an object. For example, there may be various combinations such as a case where a base station transmitter transmits a signal and the terminal receiver receives the signal reflected from an object. In addition, for example, both transmitting and receiving signals (simultaneously and / or differentially) for ISAC bistatic sensing may be performed at the same base station / terminal. For example, both transmitting and receiving signals (simultaneously and / or differentially) for ISAC monostatic sensing may be performed at the same base station / terminal. For example, in addition to the examples described above, various combinations are possible.

[0145] In the present disclosure, according to various embodiments, in the ISAC technology, the bistatic detection / detection and / or sensing operations propose additional preprocessing and / or postprocessing operations based on the basic RADAR operation. For example, as a preprocessing operation for bistatic sensing, at least one of a transmitter, a receiver, and / or a third party device (system, entity) may select and exchange a target sensing / detection area (TsA) or region of interest (RoI), hereinafter referred to as RoI) and / or a target object to be detected. For example, prior to performing bistatic sensing, an operation of exchanging signal information transmitted by the transmitter may be required. For example, as a postprocessing operation after performing bistatic sensing, an operation of the receiver reporting and / or providing feedback to the transmitter or the third party device may be required. Additionally, the present disclosure proposes beamforming operations of a transmitter and / or receiver when performing bistatic sensing according to various embodiments. For example, the operations of a transmitter and receiver when transmitting a sensing signal from a single transmitter to any number of receivers and / or multiple receivers are described.

[0146] The proposed setup method in this disclosure effectively resolves the limitations of the sensing area, which is a problem of existing sensing operations, and improves object detection performance. Furthermore, the proposed bistatic sensing operation allows the transmitter to transmit an optimal signal, thereby minimizing unnecessary reception of signals reflected / diffracted by objects outside the RoI, allowing the receiver to focus on receiving the primary signal and minimizing reception of noise.

[0147] For example, as a preprocessing operation performed before performing bistatic sensing, the transmitter, receiver, and / or a third-party requester may need to set the RoI and provide the RoI to the transmitter and receiver. For example, at least one of the following methods may be used.

[0148] For example, the receiver can directly select an RoI and transmit RoI information / message to the transmitter. For example, the receiver can transmit geographical information of the selected RoI to the transmitter. For example, the receiver can transmit the absolute position of the RoI and / or the position of the receiver and the relative position (e.g., distance and direction or relative coordinates) of the RoI from the receiver to the transmitter. For example, the receiver can select a certain radius (e.g., circle, ellipse, sector, square, etc.) of the receiver's current position or movement path as the RoI and transmit the receiver's current position, movement path and direction and / or the size of the detection area (e.g., radius, angle, offset, etc.) to the transmitter. For example, the transmitter can then transmit a sensing signal to the received RoI to perform bistatic sensing so that the receiver can detect a signal reflected from an object.

[0149] At this time, for example, when the receiver transmits the RoI, the transmitter may be a specific transmitter. For example, when the receiver transmits the RoI, the transmitter may be any transmitter. For example, when the receiver transmits the RoI, the transmitter may be multiple transmitters. For example, when the receiver requests any transmitter or multiple transmitters to transmit a bistatic sensing signal, the RoI information / message may be transmitted (e.g., broadcasting, multicasting / groupcasting) so that the bistatic sensing operation can be performed with one or multiple transmitters among multiple transmitter candidates.

[0150] For example, a transmitter can directly select an RoI and transmit RoI information / message to a receiver. The receiver may be, for example, a single receiver, any single receiver, a group of multiple receivers, or an unspecified number of receivers.

[0151] For example, the transmitter can transmit geographic information of the RoI to the receiver. For example, the transmitter can transmit the absolute position of the RoI and / or the position of the transmitter and the relative position (e.g., distance and direction or relative coordinates) of the RoI from the transmitter to the receiver. Alternatively, for example, the transmitter can select a certain radius (e.g., a circle, an ellipse, a sector, a square, etc.) of the current position or movement path of the transmitter as the RoI and transmit the current position, movement path and direction of the transmitter and / or the size of the detection area (e.g., radius, angle, offset, etc.) to the receiver.

[0152] FIG. 12 illustrates a method for selecting an RoI using receiver information, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 12 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0153] Referring to FIG. 12, for example, a transmitter can select an RoI based on information (e.g., location, moving speed, direction, etc.) of a specific single receiver or a group of receivers. At this time, for example, the receiver can be a fixed or mobile body, and if it is a mobile terminal or mobility, the information can be more diverse. For example, it can include the position, speed, acceleration, direction, steering angle, orientation (roll, pitch, yaw) and / or planned path of the mobility. For example, a transmitter that has acquired such information can calculate an appropriate RoI. For example, for this purpose, the receiver can transmit its information to the transmitter periodically or aperiodicly and / or on-demand, and / or can transmit it to the transmitter through an existing message (e.g., V2X message). For example, the transmitter can estimate or predict a movement path by utilizing the acquired information of the receiver and set a certain radius or area of ​​the movement path as the RoI. In an example of FIG. 12, a receiver (UE) can transmit its information (e.g., location, direction, speed, etc.) to a transmitter (base station) as a message (e.g., BSM, PSM, CAM, VAM, etc.), and the transmitter that receives the message can obtain the expected movement path (dotted arrow (1201)) of the receiver through AI / ML or various algorithms. For example, the transmitter can select a valid RoI (circular area (1202)) on the movement path and transmit a bistatic sensing signal. For example, the transmitter can select the RoI directly without calculating the movement path.

[0154] FIG. 13 illustrates a method for a transmitter to transmit an RoI to a receiver according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 13 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0155] Referring to FIG. 13, for example, a transmitter can directly transmit a selected RoI to a single receiver or an unspecified number of receivers. For example, the transmitter can transmit RoI information to a specific single receiver, and / or the transmitter can broadcast RoI information to any number of receivers. In this case, for example, the transmitter can transmit information to the RoI regardless of whether the receivers wish to receive the ISAC bistatic sensing signal.

[0156] FIG. 14 illustrates a method by which a third device selects an RoI and transmits it to a transmitter and / or receiver, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 14 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0157] Referring to FIG. 14, for example, a third-party device (e.g., a sensing information requester) can select an RoI and transmit it to a specific transmitter / receiver or any transmitter / receiver. Or, for example, a combination with the other methods above is also possible. For example, a third-party sensor information requester can select an RoI and transmit it to a specific transmitter and any receiver, or transmit it to any transmitter and receiver. In one example of FIG. 14, a third-party device (e.g., a terminal, UE) can select a sensing area (a circular area (1401) between base stations) necessary for its movement path as an RoI. At this time, for example, an information requester (Client) can transmit RoI information to a transmitter (left, Transmitter) and a receiver (right, Receiver), and the transmitter and receiver that receive the RoI can perform bistatic sensing.

[0158] For example, in the RoI selection and transmission method proposed above, the entity requesting the sensing information may be different. For example, the entity requesting or using the sensing information may be the transmitter, but the receiver may select the RoI and transmit it to the transmitter. Alternatively, for example, the entity requesting or using the sensing information may be a third-party device / terminal, and the transmitter may directly select the RoI. For example, in addition to the combinations listed above, RoI selection methods based on various combinations of the transmitter, receiver, and / or third-party device may be possible.

[0159] FIG. 15 illustrates a method by which a transmitter selects and transmits an RoI according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 15 can be combined with various other embodiments.

[0160] Referring to FIG. 15, for example, in step S1510, the transmitter may obtain information for selecting an RoI from the receiver. For example, in step S1520, the transmitter may select an RoI based on the obtained information. For example, in step S1530, the transmitter may transmit information related to the RoI to the receiver. For example, in addition to the combinations listed above, methods for selecting and / or transmitting an RoI based on various combinations of the transmitter, receiver, and / or third-party device may be possible, and are not limited to the combinations described above.

[0161] FIG. 16 illustrates a method by which a receiver selects and transmits an RoI according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 16 can be combined with various other embodiments.

[0162] Referring to FIG. 16, for example, in step S1610, the receiver may obtain information for selecting an RoI from the transmitter. For example, in step S1620, the receiver may select an RoI based on the obtained information. For example, in step S1630, the receiver may transmit information related to the RoI to the transmitter. For example, in addition to the combinations listed above, methods for selecting and / or transmitting an RoI based on various combinations of the transmitter, receiver, and / or third-party device may be possible, and are not limited to the combinations described above.

[0163] FIG. 17 illustrates a method by which a third device selects and transmits an RoI according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 17 can be combined with various other embodiments.

[0164] Referring to FIG. 17, for example, in step S1710, a third device may obtain information for selecting an RoI from a transmitter and / or a receiver. For example, in step S1720, the third device may select an RoI based on the obtained information. For example, in step S1730, the third device may transmit information related to the RoI to the transmitter and / or the receiver. For example, in addition to the combinations listed above, methods for selecting and / or transmitting an RoI based on various combinations of the transmitter, the receiver, and / or the third device may be possible, and are not limited to the combinations described above.

[0165] For example, at least one of the transmitter, receiver, and / or third party device may require pre-signal information exchange for sensing / detection / sensing operations in addition to communication / information exchange between the respective devices to select and share the RoI. For example, the transmitter, receiver, and / or third party device may exchange information between the transmitter and receiver (e.g., ID, reference signal, time sync signal, antenna pattern, etc.).

[0166] FIG. 18 illustrates a method for exchanging information between a transmitter, a receiver, and / or a third device, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 18 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0167] Referring to FIG. 18, for example, in step S1810, pre-signal information for sensing between a transmitter and a receiver may be exchanged. For example, in step S1820, pre-signal information for sensing between a transmitter and a third party device may be exchanged. For example, in step S1830, pre-signal information for sensing between a receiver and a third party device may be exchanged. For example, in step S1810, post-signal information for sensing between a transmitter and a receiver may be exchanged. For example, in step S1820, post-signal information for sensing between a transmitter and a third party device may be exchanged. For example, in step S1830, post-signal information for sensing between a receiver and a third party device may be exchanged. For example, pre- and / or post-information exchange may be possible based on various combinations of transmitters, receivers, and / or third parties other than the combinations listed above, and is not limited to the above-described combinations. Additionally, for example, the pre- and / or post-information exchange is not limited to the above-described names.

[0168] In the present disclosure, according to various embodiments, a bistatic sensing operation (beamforming) of a transmitter and a receiver is proposed in a situation where RoI and / or signal information are exchanged between the transmitter and the receiver in the manner listed above. For ease of understanding, the operations of the transmitter and the receiver are described separately, which indicates a distinction of operations rather than a distinction of devices. For example, both transmitter operations and receiver operations may be possible in the same device. For example, device A may perform a transmitter operation and device B may perform a receiver operation (first bistatic sensing), while device B may simultaneously perform a transmitter operation and device A may perform a receiver operation (second bistatic sensing), and / or device A may simultaneously perform a transmitter operation and device B may perform a receiver operation (first bistatic sensing) while device A performs a receiver operation and device C performs a transmitter operation (third bistatic sensing). For example, operations based on various combinations of device A, device B, and / or device C other than the combinations listed above may be possible, and are not limited to the number and / or combinations of the above-described devices. Also, for example, the actions are not limited to the names described above.

[0169] In this disclosure, we propose the optimal signal strength (transmission signal power) and direction to be transmitted to the RoI to perform bistatic sensing in a transmitter according to various embodiments.

[0170] FIG. 19 illustrates a case in which a sensing signal is transmitted with excessive transmission signal strength according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0171] Referring to FIG. 19, when transmitting a sensing signal from a transmitter, transmitting a transmission signal with the maximum intensity may cause the receiver to unnecessarily receive signals reflected / diffracted by objects existing in an area other than RoI (e.g., objects (1900) outside RoI in FIG. 19) and may increase interference between other signals. In the present disclosure, in order to solve this problem, according to various embodiments, it is proposed to transmit a sensing signal with the optimal intensity / power in the following manner.

[0172] FIG. 20 illustrates a case where a sensing signal is transmitted with insufficient transmission signal strength according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0173] Referring to FIG. 20, when transmitting a sensing signal from a transmitter, transmitting a signal with an intensity lower than the minimum required signal intensity may cause the receiver to be unable to receive signals reflected / diffracted by objects existing in the RoI area, and even if signals are received, the reliability may be reduced. In order to solve this problem, the present disclosure proposes transmitting a sensing signal with an optimal intensity / power in the following manner according to various embodiments.

[0174] In the present disclosure, signal strength may refer to power, power may refer to signal strength, and / or signal power may refer to signal strength. For example, sensing signal strength may refer to sensing signal power. For example, transmitting signal strength may refer to transmitting power. For example, receiving signal strength may refer to receiving power. Furthermore, the present disclosure is not limited to the above-described designations.

[0175] For example, the optimal sensing signal strength is the minimum required signal strength (P) of the transmitter, which is modified based on mathematical expression 6. t,min) can be expressed as in mathematical expression 7, and the transmitter can set the transmission signal strength to a value higher than this. For example, the optimal signal strength of the transmitter can be determined by adding an offset value and / or a calibration factor to the minimum required signal strength. For example, the offset value and the calibration factor can be changed and applied according to the characteristics of the device and / or environment.

[0176]

[0177] Here, P r,min can represent the minimum required receive power (W), and P t,min can represent the minimum required transmission power (W), and G t can represent the transmit antenna gain, and G r can represent the receiving antenna gain, σ can represent the radar cross-section, λ can represent the wavelength, and R Tx can represent the distance between the transmitting radar and the object, and R Rx can indicate the distance between the receiving radar and the object.

[0178] FIG. 21 illustrates the maximum and minimum distances between a transmitter, a receiver, and an RoI according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 21 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0179] Referring to Figure 21, for example, the minimum distance (R) between the transmitter and the RoI Tx,min ) can mean the distance with the shortest spatial interval over which the sensing signal is transmitted when the sensing signal is transmitted from the transmitter to the RoI. For example, the minimum distance (R) between the transmitter and the RoI Tx,min ) can mean the distance at which the strength / power attenuation of the sensing signal is the smallest when the sensing signal is transmitted from the transmitter to the RoI. For example, the maximum distance (R) between the transmitter and the RoI Tx,max) can mean the longest distance in space between the transmitter and the RoI when the sensing signal is transmitted from the transmitter to the RoI. For example, the maximum distance (R) between the transmitter and the RoI Tx,max ) can mean the distance at which the strength / power attenuation of the sensing signal is the greatest when the sensing signal is transmitted from the transmitter to the RoI. For example, the minimum distance (R) between the receiver and the RoI Rx,min ) can mean the distance with the shortest spatial interval over which the sensing signal is transmitted when the sensing signal is transmitted from the RoI to the receiver. For example, the minimum distance (R) between the receiver and the RoI Rx,min ) can mean the distance at which the intensity / power attenuation of the sensing signal is the smallest when the sensing signal is transmitted from the RoI to the receiver. For example, the maximum distance (R) between the receiver and the RoI Rx,max ) can mean the longest distance in space between the sensing signal and the receiver when the sensing signal is transmitted from the RoI to the receiver. For example, the maximum distance (R) between the receiver and the RoI Rx,max ) may refer to the distance at which the strength / power attenuation of the sensing signal is greatest when the sensing signal is transmitted from the RoI to the receiver. For example, the minimum distance and / or maximum distance are not limited to the above-described names.

[0180] For example, P r,min is the minimum required signal strength of the receiver required for object detection operation, which may mean the minimum detectable signal. For example, this is based on the minimum power level (Minimum Detectable Signal, MDS) that can be received by the receiver, and the minimum required signal strength of the receiver may be affected by the input noise level, signal to noise ratio, noise floor, and / or measurement bandwidth (MBW). In an example of Fig. 21, the distance (R) between the transmitter and the object in the RoI Tx), the distance between the receiver and the object (R Rx ) is in the range of R Tx,min ≤ R Tx ≤ R Tx,max , R Rx,min ≤ R Rx ≤ R Rx,max may be. For example, the transmitter, receiver and / or third party device may be configured to meet the minimum required signal strength (P) of the receiver. r,min ) and the distance between the transmitter and the object in the RoI (R Tx ), the distance between the receiver and the object (R Rx ) is given the minimum required signal strength (P) from the transmitter. t,min ) can be derived. For example, as in Equation 8, after obtaining the minimum required signal strength of the transmitter based on the maximum distance between the transmitter, receiver, and RoI, a calibration factor can be added to determine the optimal transmission signal strength. For example, the transmitter, receiver, and / or a third device can determine the maximum allowable transmission signal strength by adding a calibration factor after obtaining the minimum required signal strength of the transmitter based on the maximum distance between the receiver and RoI. For example, the distance between the transmitter and the object (R Tx ) range, distance between receiver and object (R Rx ) based on various combinations of ranges and / or correction factors. It may be possible to determine the optimal transmit signal strength and / or the maximum allowable transmit signal strength, and is not limited to the combinations described above. In addition, for example, the minimum required signal strength, the optimal transmit signal strength, and / or the maximum allowable transmit signal strength are not limited to the names described above.

[0181]

[0182] Here, P r,min can represent the minimum required receive power (W), and P t can represent the optimal transmission power (W), and G tcan represent the transmit antenna gain, and G r can represent the receiving antenna gain, σ can represent the radar cross-section, λ can represent the wavelength, and R Tx,max can represent the maximum distance between the transmitting radar and the object, and R Rx,max can represent the maximum distance between the receiving radar and the object.

[0183] For example, information for determining the minimum required signal strength, the optimal transmit signal strength, and / or the maximum allowable transmit signal strength can be obtained through the pre-signal information exchange described above. For example, the minimum required signal strength, the optimal transmit signal strength, and / or the maximum allowable transmit signal strength can be exchanged between the transmitter, the receiver, and / or the third party device through the pre-signal information exchange described above. For example, the transmitter can determine the minimum required signal strength, the optimal transmit signal strength, and / or the maximum allowable transmit signal strength. For example, the receiver can determine the minimum required signal strength, the optimal transmit signal strength, and / or the maximum allowable transmit signal strength. For example, the third party device can determine the minimum required signal strength, the optimal transmit signal strength, and / or the maximum allowable transmit signal strength. For example, various combinations of the transmitter, the receiver, and / or the third party device may be included in addition to the combinations listed above, and are not limited to the combinations described above. In addition, for example, the present invention is not limited to the names described above.

[0184] Meanwhile, the present disclosure proposes, according to various embodiments, to change the antenna array configurations in order to transmit an optimal signal to the RoI in a beamforming array antenna or a MIMO (Multiple Input Output) system. That is, for example, the transmitter may change the distance (R) between the transmitter and an object in the RoI. Tx ), the distance between the receiver and the object (R Rx) due to the range of the signal optimal distance (R = R Tx + R Rx ) can be structured and / or configured to transmit the optimal signal in the range of antennas. For example, in a MIMO system, the optimal signal range (R) can be determined by the array structure and / or configuration of the antennas. For example, the number of antenna array elements (N) of the transmitter and receiver t ,N r ), the distance between antenna array elements (d t ,d r ), distance between antenna arrays (L t ,L r ) and / or the signal wavelength (λ) value, the optimal signal distance can be determined. That is, in the present disclosure, according to various embodiments, it is proposed to change the antenna settings to transmit the optimal bistatic sensing signal to the RoI. For example, through several assumptions, the signal optimal distance R can be expressed as in the following mathematical expression 9, and the number of antenna array elements (N) of the transmitter and receiver t ,N r ), distance between antenna arrays (L t ,L r ) and / or signal wavelength (λ) can be changed to transmit an optimal signal to the transmitter, receiver and RoI. For example, the number of antenna array elements (N t ,N r ) is determined, the array spacing (L t ,L r ) increases, the optimal signal distance also increases or the given array spacing (L t ,L r ) for the number of arrays (N) t ,N r) may increase the optimal signal distance, but may not be optimal for RoI. That is, in the present disclosure, according to various embodiments, it is proposed to change at least one of the configuration elements (e.g., number of arrays, wavelength, array spacing) of the array antenna to transmit a signal optimized for the distance (R) corresponding to RoI.

[0185]

[0186] Here, N t can represent the number of transmitting antenna array elements, and N r can represent the number of receiving antenna array elements, and L t can represent the spacing of the transmitting antenna array, and L r can represent the spacing of the receiving antenna array, λ can represent the wavelength, and R can represent the optimal distance for the signal.

[0187] FIG. 22 illustrates representative beamforming directions for sensing in ISAC technology, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 22 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0188] Referring to FIG. 22, for example, the direction of the optimal transmission signal transmitted from the transmitter may be the RoI direction (LoS of the transmitter and RoI). For example, it may refer to the direction in which the receiver can maximally receive the signal / beam reflected / diffracted by the object, taking into account the position of the receiver. In the example of FIG. 22, a representative case may be one in which the transmitter performs a beamforming operation in the RoI (circular area) direction and the receiver receives the signal reflected by the object. In addition, for example, when setting the transmission signal of the transmitter for bistatic sensing (e.g., antenna pattern), the signal may be set in the optimal transmission signal strength and / or RoI direction of the transmitter proposed in the present disclosure. For example, in the case described above, the RoI direction beamforming operation of the transmitter may be one of the methods described below.

[0189] FIG. 23 illustrates a method for transmitting a sensing signal in a wide beam pattern in the RoI direction according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 23 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0190] Referring to Figure 23, for example, the transmitter has a main lobe size that is optimal for transmitting signal strength (e.g., P in Equation 8). t ) can be set to be small and wide. For example, this can be achieved by phase shift and / or gain adjustment in an array antenna. In one example of FIG. 23, the transmitter can transmit a sensing signal with a low antenna gain, a wide beam pattern (wide beam and / or multi beam), and / or in the direction of the RoI.

[0191] FIG. 24 illustrates a method for transmitting a sensing signal with a beam sweeping operation in a thin beam pattern in the RoI direction, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 24 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0192] Referring to FIG. 24, for example, the transmitter may transmit a signal by beam sweeping in the direction of the RoI. For example, beamforming and beam steering operations may be possible through phase shift and / or gain adjustment in an array antenna. In one example of FIG. 24, the transmitter may transmit a sensing signal while beam sweeping so that the RoI is covered with a high antenna gain and / or a narrow beam pattern.

[0193] For example, the direction of the transmission signal can be set by a combination of the operations mentioned above. For example, if the size of the RoI is covered by a shape of a wide beam pattern (wide beam and / or multi beam) and an optimal signal intensity, the transmitter can transmit a signal with the wide beam pattern without performing beam sweeping. Otherwise, for example, if the intensity per transmission signal beam in the multi-beam pattern does not satisfy the minimum required intensity, thereby degrading or insufficient the overall sensing performance, the transmitter can transmit a signal while performing beam sweeping with the signal intensity as the optimal signal intensity. That is, the present disclosure proposes an efficient sensing operation through setting the direction and operation that covers the RoI and the optimal signal intensity of the transmitter according to various embodiments.

[0194] The present disclosure proposes signal information exchange between a transmitter and a receiver according to various embodiments.

[0195] For example, in the example of FIG. 18, in the operation of the transmitter described above, the transmitter may transmit its (transmitter's) antenna characteristics, pattern, RoI information, the transmitter's position, and / or reference signal (Reference Signal Time Difference Measurement, RSTD) to the receiver. This may be to set the antenna pattern of the receiver so that the receiver can well receive signals reflected from objects detected in the RoI. For example, when the transmitter performs beam sweeping, the transmitter may transmit information such as beamforming changes over time (e.g., beam schedule or beam index) to the receiver so that the receiver can efficiently receive signals reflected / refracted from objects existing in the RoI.

[0196] For example, in the transmitter operation described above, if the transmitter has information on the location and / or antenna characteristics of the receiver, the transmitter can calculate and transmit to the receiver an antenna pattern so that the receiver can well receive signals transmitted by the transmitter and reflected / refracted by objects existing in the RoI.

[0197] For example, in performing bistatic sensing in ISAC technology, signals received by the receiver other than signals reflected / refracted by objects existing in the RoI (e.g., Non-Line of Sight (NLoS)) and / or multi-reflected signals may be regarded as signal noise and / or interference at the receiver. For example, it may be more difficult to distinguish between the main signal reflected / refracted by objects and attenuated noise and interference signals. In the present disclosure, according to various embodiments, the operation of the receiver is proposed to distinguish between the main signal and noise or interference signals as follows.

[0198] In the present disclosure, according to various embodiments, it is proposed to set the antenna gain by adjusting the antenna pattern so that the receiver can distinguish the main signal and noise based on the size of the signal power received by receiving information of the transmission signal.

[0199] For example, in the example of Fig. 21, if Equation 6 is modified with reference to the range of distances between the transmitter, receiver, and RoI, the range of received signal power can be calculated as in Equation 10, and a threshold value that can distinguish between the main signal and noise can be set. For example, the distance between the transmitter, receiver, and RoI is set to the minimum (R Rx,min , R Tx,min ) and the received power can be determined by adding an offset value and / or a calibration factor depending on the characteristics of the device and / or environment.

[0200]

[0201] Here, P r can represent the received power (W), and P t can represent the transmission power (W), and G t can represent the transmit antenna gain, and G r can represent the receiving antenna gain, σ can represent the radar cross-section, λ can represent the wavelength, and R Tx can represent the distance between the transmitting radar and the object, and R Rx can indicate the distance between the receiving radar and the object.

[0202] For example, a receiver can distinguish between a primary signal (a signal reflected from an object) and noise by setting the direction in which it receives the signal. For example, signals received in the RoI and LoS of the receiver can be considered primary signals. For example, signals coming from other directions (NLoS) can be considered noise. In an example of FIG. 19, the solid line (1901) can be considered primary signals, and the dotted line (1902) can be considered noise. In the present disclosure, according to various embodiments, a receiving direction setting that minimizes the reception of noise and focuses on the reception of the primary signal is proposed as follows.

[0203] For example, in one example of FIG. 23, the receiver can focus on a signal (main signal) reflected from an object existing in the RoI by setting the main lobe of the receiver toward the RoI, low antenna gain, and / or wide beam pattern (wide beam or multi beam) and minimize reception of noise transmitted directly from the transmitter.

[0204] For example, in one example of FIG. 24, the receiver can receive the sensing signal while beam sweeping so that the RoI is covered in the RoI direction, with high antenna gain and / or a narrow beam pattern. If the transmitter transmits the sensing signal by beam sweeping, the receiver can set its antenna pattern based on the beam index information of the transmitter.

[0205] For example, the receiver can estimate the presence and / or Time of Flight (ToF) of an object using the received sensing signal, thereby measuring the distance / location of the object.

[0206] For example, in the example of FIG. 18, in the above-described receiver operation, the receiver may transmit its (receiver's) antenna characteristics, pattern, RoI information, and / or the location of the receiver to the transmitter. This may be to set the antenna pattern of the transmitter so that the transmitter can well transmit signals reflected by objects detected in the RoI. Or, for example, when the receiver has the location and antenna characteristic information of the transmitter, the receiver can calculate the antenna pattern of the transmitter so that the transmitter can well transmit signals reflected / refracted by objects existing in the RoI and transmit the calculated antenna pattern to the transmitter.

[0207] In the above-described receiver operation, according to various embodiments of the present disclosure, after the receiver receives a signal, the receiver proposes a report and / or feedback operation to the transmitter and / or a third device as an operation (post-process).

[0208] FIG. 25 illustrates a method for a receiver to report and / or provide feedback to a transmitter, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 25 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0209] Referring to FIG. 25, for example, in step S2510, the receiver may receive a sensing signal transmitted by the transmitter based on a target object present within the RoI. For example, at this time, the receiver may receive a sensing signal reflected / refracted / diffracted by the target object. For example, at step S2520, the receiver may process the received sensing signal. For example, at this time, the receiver may detect the target object through the received sensing signal. For example, at step S2530, the receiver may transmit a report and / or feedback to the transmitter. For example, at this time, the report and / or feedback may include at least one of a signal confirmation, information about the strength of the signal, raw data, a signal adjustment request, a retransmission request, signal information obtained by processing the received signal, and / or target object information. For example, the report and / or feedback are not limited to the above-described combinations and are not limited to the above-described names.

[0210] For example, if the receiver receives a signal, the receiver may transmit an acknowledgement to the transmitter in response to a bi-static sensing operation.

[0211] For example, the receiver may report and / or feedback information to the transmitter about the strength of the signal received by the receiver (reflected / diffracted by an object). For example, the reporting and / or feedback operation may include at least one of the items described below. For example, the receiver may transmit raw data about the signal received by the receiver to the transmitter and / or a third party device. For example, if the signal received by the receiver is absent or weak, the receiver may notify the transmitter of the need to change the transmitted signal and / or request a change in the transmitted signal. For example, the receiver may request the transmitter to adjust the transmitted signal to reconfirm that the signal was not detected due to a direction error or lack of strength of the signal transmitted by the transmitter and / or the weakness of the signal coming back from an object due to reflection, refraction and / or attenuation, or that there is actually no object in the RoI.

[0212] For example, if the strength of the signal received by the receiver is insufficient and more transmission power is required, the receiver can transmit a message / feedback / report requesting the transmitter to transmit a higher-power signal because the transmission signal is weak. For example, the receiver can transmit a message / feedback / report requesting the transmitter to correct the direction of the signal it has received and transmit it because the signal is not there. For example, the receiver can transmit a message / feedback / report requesting the transmitter to retransmit the signal to verify the integrity of the signal it has received.

[0213] For example, if the strength of the signal received by the receiver is greater than necessary, so that sensing operation is possible even with a lower transmission power, the receiver may notify the transmitter of the need to change the transmission signal and / or request a change in the transmission signal. For example, the receiver may request the transmitter to adjust the signal to avoid receiving a signal reflected / refracted by an object outside the RoI and / or to minimize interference with other signals.

[0214] For example, if the transmitter and / or a third party device is a sensing information requester, the receiver can report and / or feed back the received signal information or processed information. For example, the receiver can transmit the signal information (e.g., Angle of Arrival (AoA), Time of Flight (ToF), Time of Arrival (ToA), etc.) of the received signal or the processed object information (e.g., distance to an object, position of an object, shape, etc.) to the transmitter and / or a third party device.

[0215] Meanwhile, the present disclosure proposes, according to various embodiments, the operation of a transmitter and a receiver when transmitting a sensing signal from a single transmitter to any receiver and / or multiple receivers.

[0216] The present disclosure proposes, according to various embodiments, a transmitter operation when a signal transmitted from a single transmitter is received by any receiver and / or multiple receivers.

[0217] For example, in one example of FIG. 13, a transmitter can transmit a sensing signal to an RoI so that any receiver and / or multiple receivers can receive the signal. For example, the transmitter can broadcast RoI information and transmit a sensing signal in the direction of the RoI. For example, the RoI here may be a sensing information requester (Client) of the transmitter. For example, any receiver may be a sensing information requester (Client). For example, at this time, the transmitter can perform the signal transmission operation described above in a beamforming manner (e.g., wide beam, beam sweeping). For example, this can reduce the throughput / communication delay of the transmitter by omitting the operation of one-to-one connection (e.g., beam pairing) between the transmitter and multiple receivers. For example, any receiver and / or multiple receivers can selectively receive only the information that is necessary from the perspective of each receiver (i.e., for example, the necessary RoI).

[0218] The present disclosure proposes receiver operations when a signal transmitted from a single transmitter is received by any and / or multiple receivers, according to various embodiments.

[0219] For example, a receiver can receive RoI information transmitted by a transmitter and determine whether the RoI is valid for the receiver. For example, the receiver can determine whether the RoI is valid for the receiver based on the distance and / or direction from the receiver's location to the RoI. For example, the receiver can determine whether the RoI is valid for the receiver based on the receiver's moving path, planned path, and / or path estimate.

[0220] For example, if the transmitter is a requestor of sensing information (e.g., by indicating a signal response request with the RoI to the receiver), the receiver can determine whether it can properly receive the signal coming from the RoI and provide it to the transmitter.

[0221] For example, if the receiver determines that the RoI information transmitted by the transmitter is advantageous to the receiver and / or if the transmitter requests provision of the signal information received, the receiver may perform the operations proposed in the present disclosure (e.g., signal information exchange, feedback, array antenna configuration, etc.).

[0222] FIG. 26 illustrates a method for a first device to perform wireless communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 26 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0223] Referring to FIG. 26, in step S2610, the first device can obtain information related to a sensing area. In step S2620, the first device can determine transmission power for transmitting a sensing signal based on a maximum distance between the first device and the sensing area. In step S2630, the first device can transmit the sensing signal based on the transmission power. For example, a target object within the sensing area can be detected based on the sensing signal.

[0224] For example, the transmission power for transmitting the sensing signal may be the minimum required transmission power for transmitting the sensing signal.

[0225] For example, the transmission power for transmitting the sensing signal may be the maximum allowable transmission power for transmitting the sensing signal.

[0226] For example, the sensing signal may be transmitted to a second device based on the target object.

[0227] For example, the transmission power may be determined based on a maximum distance between the first device and the sensing area and a maximum distance between the second device and the sensing area.

[0228] Additionally, for example, the first device can receive the sensing signal reflected by the target object.

[0229] For example, the sensing area may be determined by the first device or the second device based on at least one of information related to the location of the first device, information related to the movement path of the first device, information related to the location of the second device, or information related to the movement path of the second device.

[0230] Additionally, for example, the first device may transmit sensing-related information to the second device. For example, the sensing-related information may include at least one of information related to the sensing area, information related to an identifier (ID), information related to a reference signal, information related to a time sync signal, information related to antenna characteristics, information related to beamforming, or information related to the location of the first device.

[0231] Additionally, for example, the first device may receive information related to sensing. For example, the information related to sensing may include at least one of information related to an identifier (ID), information related to a reference signal, information related to a time sync signal, information related to antenna characteristics, or information related to the location of the second device.

[0232] Additionally, for example, the first device can receive feedback information regarding the sensing signal. For example, the feedback information can include at least one of information related to reception power of the second device, information related to raw data of a signal received by the second device, information related to a request for a change in the transmission power, information related to a request for a change in the transmission direction of the sensing signal, information related to a request for retransmission of the sensing signal, signal information processed by the second device, or information related to a target object.

[0233] Additionally, for example, the first device may change the array antenna configuration of the first device based on information related to the sensing region. For example, the array antenna configuration may include at least one of the number of arrays, wavelength, or array spacing.

[0234] For example, beamforming settings for transmitting the sensing signal can be determined based on information related to the sensing area.

[0235] For example, the above method can be performed by the first device.

[0236] The proposed method can be applied to devices according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. First, the processor (102) of the first device (100) can obtain information related to a sensing area. Then, the processor (102) of the first device (100) can determine the transmission power for transmitting a sensing signal based on the maximum distance between the first device and the sensing area. Then, the processor (102) of the first device (100) can control the transceiver (106) to transmit the sensing signal based on the transmission power. For example, a target object within the sensing area can be detected based on the sensing signal.

[0237] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a first device may be provided. For example, the first device may include at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, based on execution by the at least one processor, may cause the first device to: obtain information related to a sensing area; determine a transmission power for transmitting a sensing signal based on a maximum distance between the first device and the sensing area; and transmit the sensing signal based on the transmission power. For example, a target object within the sensing area may be detected based on the sensing signal.

[0238] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a processing device configured to control a first device may be provided. For example, the processing device may include at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, based on execution by the at least one processor, may cause the first device to: obtain information related to a sensing area; determine a transmission power for transmitting a sensing signal based on a maximum distance between the first device and the sensing area; and transmit the sensing signal based on the transmission power. For example, a target object within the sensing area may be detected based on the sensing signal.

[0239] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having instructions recorded thereon may be provided. For example, the instructions, when executed, may cause a first device to: obtain information related to a sensing area; determine a transmission power for transmitting a sensing signal based on a maximum distance between the first device and the sensing area; and transmit the sensing signal based on the transmission power. For example, a target object within the sensing area may be detected based on the sensing signal.

[0240] FIG. 27 illustrates a method for a second device to perform wireless communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 27 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0241] Referring to FIG. 27, in step S2710, the second device can obtain information related to a sensing area. In step S2720, the second device can determine transmission power for transmitting a sensing signal based on a maximum distance between the first device and the sensing area. In step S2730, the second device can receive the sensing signal transmitted based on the transmission power based on a target object. For example, the target object within the sensing area can be detected based on the sensing signal.

[0242] The proposed method can be applied to devices according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. First, the processor (202) of the second device (200) can obtain information related to a sensing area. Then, the processor (202) of the second device (200) can determine the transmission power for transmitting a sensing signal based on the maximum distance between the first device and the sensing area. Then, the processor (202) of the second device (200) can control the transceiver (206) to receive the sensing signal transmitted based on the transmission power based on a target object. For example, the target object within the sensing area can be detected based on the sensing signal.

[0243] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a second device configured to perform wireless communication may be provided. For example, the second device may include at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, based on execution by the at least one processor, may cause the second device to: obtain information related to a sensing area; determine a transmission power for transmitting a sensing signal based on a maximum distance between a first device and the sensing area; and receive the sensing signal transmitted based on the transmission power based on a target object. For example, the target object within the sensing area may be detected based on the sensing signal.

[0244] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a processing device configured to control a second device may be provided. For example, the processing device may include at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, based on execution by the at least one processor, may cause the second device to: obtain information related to a sensing area; determine a transmission power for transmitting a sensing signal based on a maximum distance between the first device and the sensing area; and receive the sensing signal transmitted based on the transmission power based on a target object. For example, the target object within the sensing area may be detected based on the sensing signal.

[0245] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having instructions recorded thereon may be provided. For example, the instructions, when executed, may cause a second device to: determine a transmission power for transmitting a sensing signal based on a maximum distance between the first device and the sensing area; and receive the sensing signal transmitted based on the transmission power based on a target object. For example, the target object within the sensing area may be detected based on the sensing signal.

[0246] The various embodiments of the present disclosure may be combined with each other.

[0247] Below, a description is given of devices to which various embodiments of the present disclosure can be applied.

[0248] Although not limited thereto, the various descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document may be applied to various fields requiring wireless communication / connectivity (e.g., 5G) between devices.

[0249] Hereinafter, more specific examples will be provided with reference to the drawings. In the drawings / descriptions below, the same drawing reference numerals may represent identical or corresponding hardware blocks, software blocks, or functional blocks, unless otherwise described.

[0250] Fig. 28 illustrates a communication system (1) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of Fig. 28 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0251] Referring to FIG. 28, a communication system (1) to which various embodiments of the present disclosure are applied includes a wireless device, a base station, and a network. Here, the wireless device refers to a device that performs communication using a wireless access technology (e.g., 5G NR (New RAT), LTE (Long Term Evolution)) and may be referred to as a communication / wireless / 5G device. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device may include a robot (100a), a vehicle (100b-1, 100b-2), an XR (eXtended Reality) device (100c), a hand-held device (100d), a home appliance (100e), an IoT (Internet of Things) device (100f), and an AI device / server (400). For example, the vehicle may include a vehicle equipped with a wireless communication function, an autonomous vehicle, a vehicle capable of performing vehicle-to-vehicle communication, etc. Here, the vehicle may include an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) (e.g., a drone) and / or an Aerial Vehicle (AV) (e.g., an Advanced Air Mobility (AAM)). The XR device may include an Augmented Reality (AR) / Virtual Reality (VR) / Mixed Reality (MR) device, and may be implemented in the form of a Head-Mounted Device (HMD), a Head-Up Display (HUD) equipped in a vehicle, a television, a smartphone, a computer, a wearable device, a home appliance, a digital signage, a vehicle, a robot, etc. The portable device may include a smartphone, a smart pad, a wearable device (e.g., a smart watch, smart glasses), a computer (e.g., a laptop, etc.), etc. The home appliance may include a TV, a refrigerator, a washing machine, etc. The IoT device may include a sensor, a smart meter, etc. For example, a base station and a network may also be implemented as a wireless device, and a specific wireless device (200a) may operate as a base station / network node to other wireless devices.

[0252] Here, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of the present specification may include not only LTE, NR, and 6G, but also Narrowband Internet of Things for low-power communication. At this time, for example, NB-IoT technology may be an example of LPWAN (Low Power Wide Area Network) technology, and may be implemented with standards such as LTE Cat NB1 and / or LTE Cat NB2, and is not limited to the above-described names. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of the present specification may perform communication based on LTE-M technology. At this time, for example, LTE-M technology may be an example of LPWAN technology, and may be called by various names such as eMTC (enhanced Machine Type Communication). For example, LTE-M technology can be implemented by at least one of various standards such as 1) LTE CAT 0, 2) LTE Cat M1, 3) LTE Cat M2, 4) LTE non-BL (non-Bandwidth Limited), 5) LTE-MTC, 6) LTE Machine Type Communication, and / or 7) LTE M, and is not limited to the above-described names. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of the present specification can include at least one of ZigBee, Bluetooth, and Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) considering low-power communication, and is not limited to the above-described names. For example, ZigBee technology can create personal area networks (PAN) related to small / low-power digital communication based on various standards such as IEEE 802.15.4, and can be called by various names.

[0253] Wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to a network (300) via a base station (200). Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology can be applied to the wireless devices (100a to 100f), and the wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to an AI server (400) via the network (300). The network (300) can be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, a 5G (e.g., NR) network, etc. The wireless devices (100a to 100f) can communicate with each other via the base station (200) / network (300), but can also communicate directly (e.g., sidelink communication) without going through the base station / network. For example, vehicles (100b-1, 100b-2) can communicate directly (e.g., V2V (Vehicle to Vehicle) / V2X (Vehicle to Everything) communication). In addition, IoT devices (e.g., sensors) can communicate directly with other IoT devices (e.g., sensors) or other wireless devices (100a to 100f).

[0254] Wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can be established between wireless devices (100a~100f) / base stations (200), and base stations (200) / base stations (200). Here, wireless communication / connection can be achieved through various wireless access technologies (e.g., 5G NR) such as uplink / downlink communication (150a), sidelink communication (150b) (or, D2D communication), and communication between base stations (150c) (e.g., relay, IAB (Integrated Access Backhaul). Through wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c), wireless devices and base stations / wireless devices, and base stations and base stations can transmit / receive wireless signals to each other. For example, wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can transmit / receive signals through various physical channels. To this end, at least some of various configuration information setting processes for transmitting / receiving wireless signals, various signal processing processes (e.g., channel encoding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, resource mapping / demapping, etc.), and resource allocation processes can be performed based on various proposals of the present disclosure.

[0255] FIG. 29 illustrates a wireless device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 29 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0256] Referring to FIG. 29, the first wireless device (100) and the second wireless device (200) can transmit and receive wireless signals via various wireless access technologies (e.g., LTE, NR). Here, {the first wireless device (100), the second wireless device (200)} can correspond to {the wireless device (100x), the base station (200)} and / or {the wireless device (100x), the wireless device (100x)} of FIG. 28.

[0257] A first wireless device (100) includes one or more processors (102) and one or more memories (104), and may further include one or more transceivers (106) and / or one or more antennas (108). The processor (102) controls the memories (104) and / or the transceivers (106), and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. For example, the processor (102) may process information in the memory (104) to generate first information / signal, and then transmit a wireless signal including the first information / signal via the transceiver (106). Furthermore, the processor (102) may receive a wireless signal including second information / signal via the transceiver (106), and then store information obtained from signal processing of the second information / signal in the memory (104). The memory (104) may be connected to the processor (102) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (102). For example, the memory (104) may perform some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (102), or may store software code including commands for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. Here, the processor (102) and the memory (104) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement a wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). The transceiver (106) may be connected to the processor (102) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals via one or more antennas (108). The transceiver (106) may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver (106) may be used interchangeably with an RF (Radio Frequency) unit. In the present disclosure, a wireless device may also mean a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0258] A second wireless device (200) includes one or more processors (202), one or more memories (204), and may further include one or more transceivers (206) and / or one or more antennas (208). The processor (202) controls the memories (204) and / or the transceivers (206), and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. For example, the processor (202) may process information in the memory (204) to generate third information / signals, and then transmit a wireless signal including the third information / signals via the transceivers (206). In addition, the processor (202) may receive a wireless signal including fourth information / signals via the transceivers (206), and then store information obtained from signal processing of the fourth information / signals in the memory (204). The memory (204) may be connected to the processor (202) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (202). For example, the memory (204) may perform some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (202), or may store software code including commands for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. Here, the processor (202) and the memory (204) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). The transceiver (206) may be connected to the processor (202) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals via one or more antennas (208). The transceiver (206) may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver (206) may be used interchangeably with an RF unit. In the present disclosure, a wireless device may also mean a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0259] Hereinafter, the hardware elements of the wireless device (100, 200) will be described in more detail. Although not limited thereto, one or more protocol layers may be implemented by one or more processors (102, 202). For example, one or more processors (102, 202) may implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, RRC, SDAP). One or more processors (102, 202) may generate one or more Protocol Data Units (PDUs) and / or one or more Service Data Units (SDUs) according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. One or more processors (102, 202) may generate messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. One or more processors (102, 202) can generate signals (e.g., baseband signals) including PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data or information according to the functions, procedures, proposals and / or methods disclosed herein, and provide the signals to one or more transceivers (106, 206). One or more processors (102, 202) can receive signals (e.g., baseband signals) from one or more transceivers (106, 206) and obtain PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein.

[0260] One or more processors (102, 202) may be referred to as a controller, a microcontroller, a microprocessor, or a microcomputer. One or more processors (102, 202) may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. For example, one or more Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), one or more Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), one or more Digital Signal Processing Devices (DSPDs), one or more Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs), or one or more Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) may be included in one or more processors (102, 202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software, and the firmware or software may be implemented to include modules, procedures, functions, etc. The descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software configured to perform one or more processors (102, 202) or stored in one or more memories (104, 204) and executed by one or more processors (102, 202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software in the form of codes, instructions and / or sets of instructions.

[0261] One or more memories (104, 204) may be coupled to one or more processors (102, 202) and may store various forms of data, signals, messages, information, programs, codes, instructions, and / or commands. The one or more memories (104, 204) may be configured as ROM, RAM, EPROM, flash memory, hard drives, registers, cache memory, computer-readable storage media, and / or combinations thereof. The one or more memories (104, 204) may be located internally and / or externally to the one or more processors (102, 202). Additionally, the one or more memories (104, 204) may be coupled to the one or more processors (102, 202) via various technologies, such as wired or wireless connections.

[0262] One or more transceivers (106, 206) can transmit user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as mentioned in the methods and / or flowcharts of this document, to one or more other devices. One or more transceivers (106, 206) can receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or flowcharts of this document, from one or more other devices. For example, one or more transceivers (106, 206) can be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) and can transmit and receive wireless signals. For example, one or more processors (102, 202) can control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to transmit user data, control information, or wireless signals to one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more processors (102, 202) may control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to receive user data, control information, or wireless signals from one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be coupled to one or more antennas (108, 208), and one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, or the like, as referred to in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein, via one or more antennas (108, 208). In this document, one or more antennas may be multiple physical antennas or multiple logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). One or more transceivers (106, 206) can convert received user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. from RF band signals to baseband signals in order to process the received user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. using one or more processors (102, 202).One or more transceivers (106, 206) may convert user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. processed by one or more processors (102, 202) from baseband signals to RF band signals. For this purpose, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may include an (analog) oscillator and / or filter.

[0263] FIG. 30 illustrates a signal processing circuit for a transmission signal according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 30 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0264] Referring to FIG. 30, the signal processing circuit (1000) may include a scrambler (1010), a modulator (1020), a layer mapper (1030), a precoder (1040), a resource mapper (1050), and a signal generator (1060). Although not limited thereto, the operations / functions of FIG. 30 may be performed in the processor (102, 202) and / or the transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 29. The hardware elements of FIG. 30 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) and / or the transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 29. For example, blocks 1010 to 1060 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) of FIG. 29. Additionally, blocks 1010 to 1050 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) of FIG. 29, and block 1060 may be implemented in the transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 29.

[0265] The codeword can be converted into a wireless signal through the signal processing circuit (1000) of FIG. 30. Here, the codeword is an encoded bit sequence of an information block. The information block can include a transport block (e.g., an UL-SCH transport block, a DL-SCH transport block). The wireless signal can be transmitted through various physical channels (e.g., a PUSCH or a PDSCH).

[0266] Specifically, the codeword can be converted into a bit sequence scrambled by a scrambler (1010). The scramble sequence used for scrambling is generated based on an initialization value, and the initialization value may include ID information of the wireless device, etc. The scrambled bit sequence can be modulated into a modulation symbol sequence by a modulator (1020). The modulation method may include pi / 2-BPSK (pi / 2-Binary Phase Shift Keying), m-PSK (m-Phase Shift Keying), m-QAM (m-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation), etc. The complex modulation symbol sequence can be mapped to one or more transmission layers by a layer mapper (1030). The modulation symbols of each transmission layer can be mapped to the corresponding antenna port(s) by a precoder (1040) (precoding). The output z of the precoder (1040) can be obtained by multiplying the output y of the layer mapper (1030) by a precoding matrix W of N*M. Here, N is the number of antenna ports, and M is the number of transmission layers. Here, the precoder (1040) can perform precoding after performing transform precoding (e.g., DFT transform) on complex modulation symbols. In addition, the precoder (1040) can perform precoding without performing transform precoding.

[0267] The resource mapper (1050) can map modulation symbols of each antenna port to time-frequency resources. The time-frequency resources can include multiple symbols (e.g., CP-OFDMA symbols, DFT-s-OFDMA symbols) in the time domain and multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. The signal generator (1060) generates a wireless signal from the mapped modulation symbols, and the generated wireless signal can be transmitted to another device through each antenna. To this end, the signal generator (1060) can include an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) module, a Cyclic Prefix (CP) inserter, a Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC), a frequency uplink converter, etc.

[0268] The signal processing process for receiving signals in a wireless device can be configured in reverse order of the signal processing process (1010 to 1060) of FIG. 30. For example, a wireless device (e.g., 100, 200 of FIG. 29) can receive wireless signals from the outside through an antenna port / transceiver. The received wireless signals can be converted into baseband signals through a signal restorer. For this purpose, the signal restorer can include a frequency downlink converter, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), a CP remover, and a fast Fourier transform (FFT) module. Thereafter, the baseband signal can be restored to a codeword through a resource demapper process, a postcoding process, a demodulation process, and a descrambling process. The codewords can be restored to the original information blocks through decoding. Accordingly, a signal processing circuit (not shown) for a received signal may include a signal restorer, a resource de-mapper, a postcoder, a demodulator, a de-scrambler, and a decoder.

[0269] FIG. 31 illustrates a wireless device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The wireless device may be implemented in various forms depending on the use case / service (see FIG. 28). The embodiment of FIG. 31 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0270] Referring to FIG. 31, the wireless device (100, 200) corresponds to the wireless device (100, 200) of FIG. 29 and may be composed of various elements, components, units / units, and / or modules. For example, the wireless device (100, 200) may include a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a memory unit (130), and additional elements (140). The communication unit may include a communication circuit (112) and a transceiver(s) (114). For example, the communication circuit (112) may include one or more processors (102, 202) and / or one or more memories (104, 204) of FIG. 29. For example, the transceiver(s) (114) may include one or more transceivers (106, 206) and / or one or more antennas (108, 208) of FIG. 29. The control unit (120) is electrically connected to the communication unit (110), the memory unit (130), and the additional elements (140) and controls the overall operation of the wireless device. For example, the control unit (120) may control the electrical / mechanical operation of the wireless device based on the program / code / command / information stored in the memory unit (130). In addition, the control unit (120) may transmit information stored in the memory unit (130) to an external device (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless / wired interface through the communication unit (110), or store information received from an external device (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless / wired interface in the memory unit (130).

[0271] The additional element (140) may be configured in various ways depending on the type of the wireless device. For example, the additional element (140) may include at least one of a power unit / battery, an input / output unit (I / O unit), a driving unit, and a computing unit. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device may be implemented in the form of a robot (Fig. 28, 100a), a vehicle (Fig. 28, 100b-1, 100b-2), an XR device (Fig. 28, 100c), a portable device (Fig. 28, 100d), a home appliance (Fig. 28, 100e), an IoT device (Fig. 28, 100f), a digital broadcasting terminal, a hologram device, a public safety device, an MTC device, a medical device, a fintech device (or a financial device), a security device, a climate / environmental device, an AI server / device (Fig. 28, 400), a base station (Fig. 28, 200), a network node, etc. Wireless devices may be mobile or stationary depending on the use / service.

[0272] In FIG. 31, various elements, components, units / parts, and / or modules within the wireless device (100, 200) may be entirely interconnected via a wired interface, or at least some may be wirelessly connected via a communication unit (110). For example, within the wireless device (100, 200), the control unit (120) and the communication unit (110) may be wired, and the control unit (120) and the first unit (e.g., 130, 140) may be wirelessly connected via the communication unit (110). In addition, each element, component, unit / part, and / or module within the wireless device (100, 200) may further include one or more elements. For example, the control unit (120) may be configured as one or more processor sets. For example, the control unit (120) may be composed of a set of a communication control processor, an application processor, an electronic control unit (ECU), a graphics processing processor, a memory control processor, etc. As another example, the memory unit (130) may be composed of a random access memory (RAM), a dynamic RAM (DRAM), a read only memory (ROM), a flash memory, a volatile memory, a non-volatile memory, and / or a combination thereof.

[0273] Below, the implementation example of Fig. 31 is described in more detail with reference to the drawings.

[0274] FIG. 32 illustrates a mobile device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The mobile device may include a smartphone, a smart pad, a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch, smartglasses), or a portable computer (e.g., a laptop, etc.). The mobile device may be referred to as a Mobile Station (MS), a User Terminal (UT), a Mobile Subscriber Station (MSS), a Subscriber Station (SS), an Advanced Mobile Station (AMS), or a Wireless Terminal (WT). The embodiment of FIG. 32 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0275] Referring to FIG. 32, the portable device (100) may include an antenna unit (108), a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a memory unit (130), a power supply unit (140a), an interface unit (140b), and an input / output unit (140c). The antenna unit (108) may be configured as a part of the communication unit (110). Blocks 110 to 130 / 140a to 140c correspond to blocks 110 to 130 / 140 of FIG. 31, respectively.

[0276] The communication unit (110) can transmit and receive signals (e.g., data, control signals, etc.) with other wireless devices and base stations. The control unit (120) can control components of the mobile device (100) to perform various operations. The control unit (120) can include an AP (Application Processor). The memory unit (130) can store data / parameters / programs / codes / commands required for operating the mobile device (100). In addition, the memory unit (130) can store input / output data / information, etc. The power supply unit (140a) supplies power to the mobile device (100) and can include a wired / wireless charging circuit, a battery, etc. The interface unit (140b) can support connection between the mobile device (100) and other external devices. The interface unit (140b) can include various ports (e.g., audio input / output ports, video input / output ports) for connection with external devices. The input / output unit (140c) can input or output video information / signals, audio information / signals, data, and / or information input from a user. The input / output unit (140c) may include a camera, a microphone, a user input unit, a display unit (140d), a speaker, and / or a haptic module.

[0277] For example, in the case of data communication, the input / output unit (140c) obtains information / signals (e.g., touch, text, voice, image, video) input by the user, and the obtained information / signals can be stored in the memory unit (130). The communication unit (110) converts the information / signals stored in the memory into wireless signals, and can directly transmit the converted wireless signals to other wireless devices or to a base station. In addition, the communication unit (110) can receive wireless signals from other wireless devices or base stations, and then restore the received wireless signals to the original information / signals. The restored information / signals can be stored in the memory unit (130) and then output in various forms (e.g., text, voice, image, video, haptic) through the input / output unit (140c).

[0278] Figure 33 illustrates a vehicle or autonomous vehicle according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The vehicle or autonomous vehicle may be implemented as a mobile robot, a car, a train, a manned or unmanned aerial vehicle (AV), a ship, or the like. The embodiment of Figure 33 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0279] Referring to FIG. 33, a vehicle or autonomous vehicle (100) may include an antenna unit (108), a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a driving unit (140a), a power supply unit (140b), a sensor unit (140c), and an autonomous driving unit (140d). The antenna unit (108) may be configured as a part of the communication unit (110). Blocks 110 / 130 / 140a to 140d correspond to blocks 110 / 130 / 140 of FIG. 31, respectively.

[0280] The communication unit (110) can transmit and receive signals (e.g., data, control signals, etc.) with external devices such as other vehicles, base stations (e.g., base stations, road side units, etc.), and servers. The control unit (120) can control elements of the vehicle or autonomous vehicle (100) to perform various operations. The control unit (120) can include an ECU (Electronic Control Unit). The drive unit (140a) can drive the vehicle or autonomous vehicle (100) on the ground. The drive unit (140a) can include an engine, a motor, a power train, wheels, brakes, a steering device, etc. The power supply unit (140b) supplies power to the vehicle or autonomous vehicle (100) and can include a wired / wireless charging circuit, a battery, etc. The sensor unit (140c) can obtain vehicle status, surrounding environment information, user information, etc. The sensor unit (140c) may include an IMU (inertial measurement unit) sensor, a collision sensor, a wheel sensor, a speed sensor, an incline sensor, a weight detection sensor, a heading sensor, a position module, a vehicle forward / backward sensor, a battery sensor, a fuel sensor, a tire sensor, a steering sensor, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, an illuminance sensor, a pedal position sensor, etc. The autonomous driving unit (140d) may implement a technology for maintaining a driving lane, a technology for automatically controlling speed such as adaptive cruise control, a technology for automatically driving along a set path, a technology for automatically setting a path and driving when a destination is set, etc.

[0281] For example, the communication unit (110) can receive map data, traffic information data, etc. from an external server. The autonomous driving unit (140d) can generate an autonomous driving route and driving plan based on the acquired data. The control unit (120) can control the drive unit (140a) so that the vehicle or autonomous vehicle (100) moves along the autonomous driving route according to the driving plan (e.g., speed / direction control). During autonomous driving, the communication unit (110) can irregularly / periodically acquire the latest traffic information data from an external server and can acquire surrounding traffic information data from surrounding vehicles. In addition, during autonomous driving, the sensor unit (140c) can acquire vehicle status and surrounding environment information. The autonomous driving unit (140d) can update the autonomous driving route and driving plan based on newly acquired data / information. The communication unit (110) can transmit information regarding the vehicle location, autonomous driving route, driving plan, etc. to the external server. External servers can predict traffic information data in advance using AI technology or other technologies based on information collected from vehicles or autonomous vehicles, and provide the predicted traffic information data to the vehicles or autonomous vehicles.

[0282] The claims set forth in this specification may be combined in various ways. For example, the technical features of the method claims of this specification may be combined and implemented as a device, and the technical features of the device claims of this specification may be combined and implemented as a method. Furthermore, the technical features of the method claims and the technical features of the device claims of this specification may be combined and implemented as a device, and the technical features of the method claims and the technical features of the device claims of this specification may be combined and implemented as a method.

Claims

1. In the method, A step of acquiring information related to a sensing area; A step of determining a transmission power for transmitting a sensing signal based on a maximum distance between the first device and the sensing area; and A step of transmitting the sensing signal based on the transmission power; including, A method in which a target object within the sensing area is detected based on the sensing signal.

2. In paragraph 1, A method wherein the transmission power for transmitting the sensing signal is the minimum required transmission power for transmitting the sensing signal.

3. In paragraph 1, A method wherein the transmission power for transmitting the sensing signal is the maximum allowable transmission power for transmitting the sensing signal.

4. In paragraph 1, A method in which the sensing signal is transmitted to a second device based on the target object.

5. In paragraph 4, A method wherein the transmission power is determined based on a maximum distance between the first device and the sensing area and a maximum distance between the second device and the sensing area.

6. In paragraph 1, A method further comprising: a step of receiving the sensing signal reflected by the target object.

7. In paragraph 1, A method wherein the sensing area is determined by the first device or the second device based on at least one of information related to the location of the first device, information related to the movement path of the first device, information related to the location of the second device, or information related to the movement path of the second device.

8. In paragraph 1, A step of transmitting information related to sensing to a second device; further comprising: A method in which the information related to the sensing includes at least one of information related to the sensing area, information related to an identifier (ID), information related to a reference signal, information related to a time sync signal, information related to antenna characteristics, information related to beamforming, or information related to a location of the first device.

9. In paragraph 1, A step of receiving information related to sensing; further comprising: A method wherein the information related to the sensing includes at least one of information related to an identifier (ID), information related to a reference signal, information related to a time sync signal, information related to antenna characteristics, or information related to a location of a second device.

10. In paragraph 1, Further comprising a step of receiving feedback information for the sensing signal; A method wherein the feedback information includes at least one of information related to reception power of the second device, information related to raw data of a signal received by the second device, information related to a request for a change in the transmission power, information related to a request for a change in the transmission direction of the sensing signal, information related to a request for retransmission of the sensing signal, signal information processed by the second device, or information related to a target object.

11. In paragraph 1, Further comprising a step of changing the array antenna settings of the first device based on information related to the sensing area, A method wherein the above array antenna configuration comprises at least one of the number of arrays, wavelength, or array spacing.

12. In paragraph 1, A method wherein beamforming settings for transmitting the sensing signal are determined based on information related to the sensing area.

13. In paragraph 1, A method, wherein the method is performed by the first device.

14. In the first device, At least one transmitter / receiver; at least one processor; and At least one memory connected to said at least one processor and storing instructions, said instructions being executed by said at least one processor, wherein said first device causes: Acquire information related to the sensing area; Determine the transmission power for transmitting the sensing signal based on the maximum distance between the first device and the sensing area; and Transmit the sensing signal based on the above transmission power; A first device, wherein a target object within the sensing area is detected based on the sensing signal.

15. In a processing device set to control the first device, at least one processor; and At least one memory connected to said at least one processor and storing instructions, said instructions being executed by said at least one processor, wherein said first device causes: Acquire information related to the sensing area; Determine the transmission power for transmitting the sensing signal based on the maximum distance between the first device and the sensing area; and Transmit the sensing signal based on the above transmission power; A processing device in which a target object within the sensing area is detected based on the sensing signal.

16. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that records commands, The above commands, when executed, cause the first device to: Acquire information related to the sensing area; Determine the transmission power for transmitting the sensing signal based on the maximum distance between the first device and the sensing area; and Transmit the sensing signal based on the above transmission power; A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium in which a target object within the sensing area is detected based on the sensing signal.

17. In the method, A step of acquiring information related to a sensing area; A step of determining a transmission power for transmitting a sensing signal based on a maximum distance between the first device and the sensing area; and A step of receiving the sensing signal transmitted based on the transmission power based on a target object; including; A method in which the target object within the sensing area is detected based on the sensing signal.

18. In the second device, At least one transmitter / receiver; at least one processor; and At least one memory connected to said at least one processor and storing instructions, said instructions being executed by said at least one processor, wherein said second device causes: Acquire information related to the sensing area; Determine the transmission power for transmitting the sensing signal based on the maximum distance between the first device and the sensing area; and The sensing signal transmitted based on the above transmission power is received based on the target object; A second device, wherein the target object within the sensing area is detected based on the sensing signal.

19. In a processing device set to control a second device, at least one processor; and At least one memory connected to said at least one processor and storing instructions, said instructions being executed by said at least one processor, wherein said second device causes: Acquire information related to the sensing area; Determine the transmission power for transmitting the sensing signal based on the maximum distance between the first device and the sensing area; and The sensing signal transmitted based on the above transmission power is received based on the target object; A processing device in which the target object within the sensing area is detected based on the sensing signal.

20. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that records commands, The above commands, when executed, cause the second device to: Acquire information related to the sensing area; Determine the transmission power for transmitting the sensing signal based on the maximum distance between the first device and the sensing area; and The sensing signal transmitted based on the above transmission power is received based on the target object; A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium in which the target object within the sensing area is detected based on the sensing signal.

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