Systems, methods, and non-transitory processor-readable media for forwarding signals
The introduction of a Smart Node capable of frequency switching and signal forwarding addresses the limitations of traditional network node configurations, enhancing the flexibility and coverage of cellular networks.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2023/129410
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2023-11-02
- Publication Date
- 2025-05-08
AI Technical Summary
Existing cellular network deployments face challenges in maintaining flexible and efficient coverage due to limitations in traditional network node configurations.
The system involves a Smart Node (SN) that performs frequency switching between different frequencies and receives or forwards signals between communication nodes, enhancing flexibility and coverage in cellular networks.
This approach allows for dynamic frequency adjustments and improved signal forwarding, thereby enhancing network flexibility and coverage, particularly in areas with varying service demands.
Smart Images

Figure CN2023129410_08052025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
SYSTEMS, METHODS, AND NON-TRANSITORY PROCESSOR-READABLE MEDIA FOR FORWARDING SIGNALSTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The disclosure relates generally to wireless communications and, more particularly, to systems, methods, and non-transitory processor-readable media for forwarding signals.BACKGROUND
[0002] Although network deployment forms continue to change and evolve on the basis of traditional network deployment, coverage is a fundamental aspect of cellular network deployments. Mobile operators rely on different types of network nodes to offer blanket coverage in their respective deployments. Therefore, new types of network nodes have been considered to increase flexibility for network deployments.SUMMARY
[0003] In some arrangements, systems, methods, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable media for performing, by a first functional unit of a first communication node, frequency switching to switch from a first frequency to a second frequency. A second functional unit of the first communication node performs at least one of receiving signals from a first one of a second communication node or a third communication node or forwarding the signals to a second one of the second communication node or the third communication node.
[0004] The above and other aspects and their implementations are described in greater detail in the drawings, the descriptions, and the claims.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0005] Various example arrangements of the present solution are described in detail below with reference to the following figures or drawings. The drawings are provided for purposes of illustration only and merely depict example arrangements of the present solution to facilitate the reader's understanding of the present solution. Therefore, the drawings should not be considered limiting of the breadth, scope, or applicability of the present solution. It should be noted that for clarity and ease of illustration, these drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale.
[0006] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example cellular communication system, in accordance with some arrangements.
[0007] FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating examples of a BS, a UE, and an SN, in accordance with some arrangements.
[0008] FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating transmission links between the BS and the SN and between the SN and the UE, according to various arrangements.
[0009] FIG. 4 is a flowchart diagram illustrating an example method for performing frequency switching and receiving / forwarding signals of an SN, according to various arrangements.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0010] Various example arrangements of the present solution are described below with reference to the accompanying figures to enable a person of ordinary skill in the art to make and use the present solution. As would be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art, after reading the present disclosure, various changes or modifications to the examples described herein can be made without departing from the scope of the present solution. Thus, the present solution is not limited to the example arrangements and applications described and illustrated herein. Additionally, the specific order or hierarchy of steps in the methods disclosed herein are merely example approaches. Based upon design preferences, the specific order or hierarchy of steps of the disclosed methods or processes can be re-arranged while remaining within the scope of the present solution. Thus, those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that the methods and techniques disclosed herein present various steps or acts in a sample order, and the present solution is not limited to the specific order or hierarchy presented unless expressly stated otherwise.
[0011] FIG. 1 illustrates an example wireless communication system 100, in accordance with an arrangement of the present disclosure. The wireless communication system 100 can be used to implement a wireless network, such as a cellular network or a narrowband network. The system 100 includes a BS 102, a UE 104, and a Smart Node (SN) 106.
[0012] As used herein, an SN is a network node (e.g., a communication node) that supports a controllable amplify-and-forward operation or a forward operation of wireless signals. Examples of the SN include a repeater (e.g., a Network-Controlled Repeater (NCR) , UE-controlled repeater, a smart repeater, and so on) , a relay node, a Re-configuration Intelligent Surface (RIS) , an Intelligent Reflecting Surface (IRS) , an Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) node, a portion or part of a Base Station (BS) , a Transmission and Reception Point (TRP) , a User Equipment (UE) , a controller, a wireless communication device, and so on. As used herein, a forward operation by the SN can refer to one or more of receiving signals, transmitting signals, or receiving and transmitting signals.
[0013] For example, an IAB node is type of network node that does not require a wired backhaul. Radio Frequency (RF) repeater is another type of network node which performs an amplify-and-forward operation for any signal that it receives. RF repeaters have seen a wide range of deployments in 2G, 3G and 4G to supplement the coverage provided by regular full-stack cells. RF repeater has only a radio unit.
[0014] An NCR is an enhancement over conventional RF repeaters given that an NCR has the capability to receive and process side control information from the network. Side control information allows an NCR to perform an amplify-and-forward operation more efficiently. Thus, the NCR mitigates necessary noise amplification, transmissions, and receptions with better spatial directivity and provides simplified network integration. The mechanism disclosed herein can be likewise implemented for other systems such as for RIS, and so on.
[0015] The BS 102 and the UE 104 can communicate with each other indirectly via the SN 106. For example, the BS 102 can communicate with (e.g., send data, signals, messages, and information to and receive data, signals message, and information from) the SN 106 via a first communication link 110 (e.g., a first wireless communication channel) , vice versa. The SN 106 can communicate with (e.g., send data, signals, messages, and information to and receive data, signals message, and information from) the UE 104 via a second communication link 120 (e.g., a second wireless communication channel) , vice versa. The SN 106 can forward the signals received from the BS 102 via the first communication link 110 to the UE 104 via the second communication link 120, in some examples. In some examples, the SN 106 can amplify and forward the signals received from the BS 102 via the first communication link 110 to the UE 104 via the second communication link 120. Accordingly, the SN 106 can extend the coverage of the BS 102.
[0016] As shown, the system 100 can provide wireless communication services for a cluster of cells, e.g., at least 160, 162, 164, 166, 168, 170, and 172 overlaying a geographical area 101. At least one BS is locate within each of the cells 160, 162, 164, 166, 168, 170, and 172 and operates at a bandwidth to provide radio coverage and wireless communication services to users (e.g., UEs) within that cell. For example, the BS 102 can operate at a channel transmission bandwidth to provide radio coverage and wireless communication services to UEs within the cell 160, in which the BS 102 is located. Although the UE 104 is shown to be within the cell 160, the BS 102 can communicate indirectly with the UE 104 via the SN 106, so that the UE 104 may or may not be within the cell 160, as long as the UE 104 is within a service area of the SN 106. In other words, as long as the SN 106 is within the cell 160, and the UE 104 is within a service area of the SN 106, the BS 102 can communicate with the UE 104 indirectly via the SN 106.
[0017] In some arrangements, the BS 102 communicates with the SN 106, vice versa, via a radio frame structure including time-domain units such as frames. The SN 106 communicates with the UE 104, vice versa, via a radio frame structure including time-domain units such as frames. Each frame can be further divided into subdivisions such as subframes and / or slots. Each slots may include multiple data symbols. In the present disclosure, the BS 102, the UE 104, and the SN 106 are described herein as non-limiting examples of communication nodes or network nodes which can practice the methods disclosed herein. Such communication nodes can be capable of wireless and / or wired communications, in accordance with various arrangements of the present solution.
[0018] FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating examples of the BS 102, the UE 104, and the SN 106, in accordance with some arrangements. The BS 102 includes a BS transceiver module 210, a BS antenna 212, a BS processor module 214, a BS memory module 216, and a BS network communication module 218, each module being coupled and interconnected with one another as necessary via a BS data communication bus 220. The SN 106 includes a SN transceiver module 260, a SN antenna 262, a SN processor module 264, and a SN memory module 266, each module being coupled and interconnected with one another as necessary via a SN data communication bus 270. The UE 104 includes a UE transceiver module 230, a UE antenna 232, a UE memory module 234, and a UE processor module 236, each module being coupled and interconnected with one another as necessary via a UE data communication bus 240.
[0019] The BS 102 communicates with the SN 106 via the first communication channel 110 (e.g., a first wireless transmission link, a first wireless data transmission link, etc. ) , which can be any wireless channel or other medium suitable for transmission of data as described herein. The SN 106 communicates with the UE 104 via the second communication channel 120 (e.g., a second wireless transmission link, a second wireless data transmission link, etc. ) , which can be any wireless channel or other medium suitable for transmission of data as described herein.
[0020] Each of the BS 102, the SN 106, and the UE 104 can further include any number of modules other than the modules shown in FIG. 2. The various illustrative blocks, modules, circuits, and processing logic described in connection with the arrangements disclosed herein may be implemented in hardware, computer-readable software, firmware, or any practical combination thereof. To clearly illustrate this interchangeability and compatibility of hardware, firmware, and software, various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits, and steps are described generally in terms of their functionality. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware, firmware, or software can depend upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system. Those familiar with the concepts described herein may implement such functionality in a suitable manner for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as limiting the scope of the present disclosure.
[0021] In accordance with some arrangements, the BS transceiver module 210 includes a Radio Frequency (RF) transmitter and a RF receiver, each including circuitry that is coupled to the BS antenna 212. A duplex switch (not shown) can alternatively couple the transmitter or receiver to the antenna in time duplex fashion. The UE transceiver module 230 includes a RF transmitter and a RF receiver, each including circuitry that is coupled to the UE antenna 232. A duplex switch (not shown) can alternatively couple the transmitter or receiver to the antenna in time duplex fashion. The SN transceiver module 260 includes a RF transmitter and a RF receiver, each including circuity that is coupled to the SN antenna 262. A duplex switch (not shown) can alternatively couple the transmitter or receiver to the antenna in time duplex fashion.
[0022] The BS transceiver module 210 and the SN transceiver module 260 are configured to communicate via the first communication link 110 and cooperate with a suitably configured RF antenna arrangement that can support a particular wireless communication protocol and modulation scheme. The UE transceiver module 230 and the SN transceiver module 260 are configured to communicate via the second communication link 120 and cooperate with a suitably configured RF antenna arrangement that can support a particular wireless communication protocol and modulation scheme.
[0023] In some illustrative arrangements, the BS transceiver module 210, the UE transceiver module 230, and the SN transceiver module 260 are configured to support industry standards such as the Long Term Evolution (LTE) , 5G standards, 6G standards, and the like. It is understood, however, that the present disclosure is not necessarily limited in application to a particular standard and associated protocols. Rather, the BS transceiver module 210, the UE transceiver module 230, and the SN transceiver module 260 can be configured to support alternate, or additional, wireless data communication protocols, including future standards or variations thereof.
[0024] In some arrangements, the UE 104 may be embodied in various types of user devices such as a mobile phone, a smart phone, a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) , tablet, laptop computer, wearable computing device, a vehicle, and so on. In some arrangements, the BS 102 can include a gNB, evolved node B (eNB) , a serving eNB, a serving gNB, and so on.
[0025] The processor modules 214, 236, and 264 can be implemented, or realized, with a general purpose processor, a content addressable memory, a digital signal processor, an application specific integrated circuit, a field programmable gate array, any suitable programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof, designed to perform the functions described herein. In this manner, a processor may be realized as a microprocessor, a controller, a microcontroller, a state machine, or the like. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, e.g., a combination of a digital signal processor and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a digital signal processor core, or any other such configuration.
[0026] Furthermore, the steps of a method or algorithm described in connection with the arrangements disclosed herein may be embodied directly in hardware, in firmware, in a software module executed by processor modules 214, 236, and 264, respectively, or in any practical combination thereof. The memory modules 216, 234, and 266 may be realized as RAM memory, flash memory, ROM memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, registers, a hard disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known in the art. In this regard, memory modules 216, 234, and 266 may be coupled to the processor modules 214, 236, and 264, respectively, such that the processors modules 214, 236, and 264 can read information from, and write information to, memory modules 216, 234, and 266, respectively. The memory modules 216, 234, and 266 may also be integrated into their respective processor modules 214, 236, and 264. In some arrangements, the memory modules 216, 234, and 266 can each include a cache memory for storing temporary variables or other intermediate information during execution of instructions to be executed by processor modules 214, 236, and 264, respectively. Memory modules 216, 234, and 266 can also each include non-volatile memory for storing instructions to be executed by the processor modules 214, 236, and 264, respectively.
[0027] The BS network communication module 218 generally represents the hardware, software, firmware, processing logic, and / or other components of the BS 102 that enable bi-directional communication between BS transceiver module 210 and other network components and communication nodes configured to communication with the BS 102, such as the core network. For example, the BS network communication module 218 may be configured to support internet or WiMAX traffic. In a typical deployment, without limitation, the BS network communication module 218 provides an 802.3 Ethernet interface such that BS transceiver module 210 can communicate with a conventional Ethernet based computer network. In this manner, the BS network communication module 218 may include a physical interface for connection to the computer network (e.g., Mobile Switching Center (MSC) ) . The terms “configured for, ” “configured to” and conjugations thereof, as used herein with respect to a specified operation or function, refer to a device, component, circuit, structure, machine, signal, etc., that is physically constructed, programmed, formatted and / or arranged to perform the specified operation or function.
[0028] In some examples, the CU and the FU can be separate and / or dedicated components or hardware of an SN (e.g., separate SN processor modules 264 and SN memory modules 266) . In some examples, the CU and the FU can be different logics or algorithms running on a same component or hardware of the SN (e.g., the same SN processor module 264 and the SN memory module 266) . In some examples, the SN can include an interface to enable information exchange / transition between the CU and the FU.
[0029] FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating transmission links between the BS 102 and the SN 106 and between the SN 106 and the UE 104, according to various arrangements. In some arrangements, the SN 106 can include a first functional unit to receive and decode side control information from a controller (e.g., a BS, a UE, or another third-party entity) . Examples of the first functional unit include a Control / Communication Unit (CU) , a Mobile Termination (MT) unit, a part or a functional unit of UE, a third-party IoT device, and so on. CU 310 is used to generally refer to various examples of the first functional unit. The CU 310 can be implemented using a combination of the SN processor module 264 and the SN memory module 266.
[0030] In some arrangements, the SN 106 can include a second functional unit to carry out the amplify-and-forward operation or the forward operation of wireless signals received according to the side control information received by the SN. Examples of the second functional unit include a Forwarding Unit (FU or Fwd) , a Radio Unit (RU) , a Distributed Unit (DU) , a part or a functional unit of UE, a part of a functional unit of an RIS, and so on. FU 320 is used to generally refer to various examples of the second functional unit. The FU 320 can be implemented using a combination of the SN processor module 264 and the SN memory module 266.
[0031] Control links between the BS 102 and the CU 310 include links C1 and C2, over the first communication link 110. Control links between the CU 310 and the UE 104 include links C3 and C4, over the second communication link 120. Forwarding links between the BS 102 and the FU 320 include links F1 and F2, over the first communication link 110. Forwarding links between the FU 320 and the UE 104 include links F3 and F4, over the second communication link 120.
[0032] In some examples, links C1 and C4 are control links (or C-links) from a controller (e.g., the BS 102 or the UE 104) to the CU 310. The links C2 and C3 are C-links from the CU 130 to a controller. F1 is a forwarding link (F-link) from the BS 102 to the FU 320. F2 is a F-link from the FU 320 to the BS 102. F3 is a forwarding link from the FU 320 to the UE 104. F4 is a forwarding link from the UE 104 to the FU 320.
[0033] Signals from the BS 102 to the FU 320 via F-link F1 and signals from the UE 104 to the FU 320 via F-link F4 is unknown by the FU 320. The FU 320 simply forwards or amplifies and forwards those signals without decoding the same. The links F1 and F2 are also referred to as backhaul links (B-links) . The links F3 and F4 are also referred to as access links (A-links) . A B-link and an A-links are parts of the F-link, and the combination of the two constitutes a complete F-link. For example, the combination of the links F1 and F3 is the complete downlink F-link from the BS 102 to the UE 104, in which F3 is the SN FU downlink F-link. The combination of the links F2 and F4 is the complete uplink F-link from the UE 104 to the BS 102, in which F2 is the SN FU uplink F-link.
[0034] In a C-link, the signal from a sender will be detected and decoded by the receiver, so that the information transmitting in the C-link can be utilized to control the status of a F-link. For example, signals from the BS 102 to the CU 310 via C-link C1 and signals from the UE 104 to the CU 310 via C-link C4 are detected, decoded, and processed by the CU 310, to control the F-links.
[0035] The CU 310 can receive side control information from the controller (e.g., via at least one of the links C1 and C4) to control the amplify-and-forward operation or the forward operation of the FU 302. Examples of the side control information include Downlink Control Information (DCI) , Uplink Control Information (UCI) , Sidelink (or Side) Control Information (SCI) , and so on. After receiving side control information, a certain time delay is needed for the SN 106 to decode the side control information, to perform beam switching, and / or perform inter-module operation.
[0036] The CU 310 uses a first numerology, first Subcarrier Spacing (SCS) , and a first Cyclic Prefix (CP) for its transmissions such as Physical Downlink Control Channels (PDCCH) , Physical Uplink Control Channel, and so on. The FU 320 uses a second numerology (e.g., a reference numerology) , second SCS (e.g., a reference SCS) , and a second CP (e.g., a reference CP) for its forwarding operations. In some examples, the first numerology is different from the second numerology. In some examples, the first SCS is different from the second SCS. In some examples, the first CP is different from the second CP.
[0037] To dynamically adjust network configuration to adapt to service changes and reduce energy consumption, the UE 104 can perform frequency switching such as Bandwidth Part (BWP) switching. In some examples, the SN CU 310 can also perform BWP switching. During BWP switching procedure of the SN CU 310, the SN CU 310 does not receive or transmit any signals. In some arrangements, the SN FU 320 performs forwarding during the BWP switching performed by the SN CU 310 and the SN FU 320 determining the beam of backhaul link at the SN FU 320 after BWP switching. In some arrangements, a new active BWP or a previously active BWP can be replaced by a default BWP or a reference BWP (e.g., using ServingCellAndBWP-Id) . Default BWP and reference BWP can be configured by the BS 102.
[0038] In some arrangements, the SN FU 320 is excluded from or does not transmit or receive signals (e.g., the SN FU 320 is not required to transmit or receive signals) until the frequency switching (e.g., BWP switching) procedure is completed. The SN FU 320 is excluded from transmitting or receiving or does not transmit or receive signals during the BWP switching procedure of the SN CU 310. While the SN CU 310 is performing BWP switch procedure in which the SN CU 310, the SN FU 320 is turned off. For example, the SN FU 320 is excluded from transmitting or receiving or does not transmit or receive signals until the BWP switch procedure is completed.
[0039] For example, the SN FU 320 excluded from transmitting or receiving or does not transmit or receive signals in a same time duration in which the SN CU 310 is also not required to transmitting or receiving signals, in response to determining that least one condition is met. The time duration in which the SN CU 310 is not required to transmit or receive signals can be used for BWP switch.
[0040] In some arrangements, the at least one condition includes DCI-based BWP switching. In some examples, in response to determining that the BWP switching includes a Downlink Control Information (DCI) -based BWP switching, the SN FU 320 is excluded from transmitting or receiving or does not transmit or receive signals during the BWP switching procedure of the SN CU 310. In some examples, in response to the SN CU 310 detecting a DCI format indicating an active downlink or uplink BWP change, the SN FU 320 is excluded from transmitting or receiving or does not transmit or receive signals during the BWP switching procedure of the SN CU 310. In some examples, in response to the SN CU 310 detecting a DCI format with a BWP indicator field that indicates an active downlink or uplink BWP change, the SN FU 320 is excluded from transmitting or receiving or does not transmit or receive signals during the BWP switching procedure of the SN CU 310.
[0041] In some examples, in response to the SN CU 310 detecting a DCI format with a BWP indicator field that indicates an active downlink BWP change for a cell, the SN FU 320 is excluded from transmitting or receiving or does not receive or transmit signals during a time duration from the end of the third symbol of a time-domain resource (e.g., slot) in which the SN CU 310 receives the Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) that includes the DCI format until the beginning of a time-domain resource (e.g., slot) indicated by a slot offset value of the time domain resource assignment field in the DCI format.
[0042] In some examples, in response to the SN CU 310 detecting a DCI format indicating an active uplink BWP change for a cell, the SN FU is excluded from transmitting or receiving or does not receive or transmit during a time duration from the end of the third symbol of a time-domain resource (e.g., slot) in which the SN CU 310 receives the PDCCH that includes the DCI format until the beginning of a time-domain resource (e.g., slot) indicated by the slot offset value of the time domain resource assignment field in the DCI format.
[0043] In some examples, in response to the SN CU 310 detecting a DCI format with Secondary Cell (SCell) dormancy indication that indicates an active downlink BWP change for an SCell in time-domain resource (e.g., slot n) of a Primary Cell (PCell) , the SN FU 320 is excluded from transmitting or receiving or does not transmit or receive signals during the BWP switching procedure of the SN CU 310.
[0044] In some examples, in response to the SN CU 310 detecting a DCI format with SCell dormancy indication that indicates an active downlink BWP change for an SCell in a time-domain resource (e.g., slot n) of a PCell, the SN FU 320 is excluded from transmitting or receiving or does not transmit or receive in the SCell during a time duration.
[0045] In some examples, the SCS of a time-domain resource (e.g., a slot or symbol) is to the same as at least one of the SCS of the PDCCH, the SCS of the BWP (e.g., at least one of the SCS before BWP switch, the SCS after BWP switch, or the smaller one or the larger one of the SCS before BWP switch and the SCS after BWP switch) , a reference SCS configured for the forwarding operation of the SN FU 320. In some examples, the SCS of a time-domain resource (e.g., a slot or symbol) can be the same as the SCS of PDCCH reception or the SCS of the BWP.
[0046] In some examples, after the SN CU 310 receives BWP switching request at a downlink slot n on a serving cell, the SN FU 320 can receive or transmit in the first slot (e.g., slot a) that occurs immediately after a time duration of TBWPswitchDelay + Y, which starts from the beginning of the downlink slot n. The SN FU 320 is excluded from transmitting or receiving or does not transmit or receive signals until the first slot (e.g., slot b) that occurs immediately after a time duration of TBWPswitchDelay + X, which starts from the beginning of the downlink slot n (except DCI triggering BWP switch) . In some examples, TBWPswitchDelay is BWP switch delay and is defined in terms of time-domain resource units such as slots.
[0047] In some examples, the value of X or Y can be equal to 0, 1, or another suitable value (defined in terms of time-domain resource units such as slots) . In some examples, X or Y can be pre-defined with a value, declared by a vendor or service provider, or indicated by the controller (e.g., a BS) . In some examples, X or Y can be determined for difference cases, e.g., X or Y for the serving cell in which a UE receives DCI for BWP switch request is same as or different from X or Y for the serving cell in which BWP switch occurs.
[0048] In some examples, slot a or slot b can be determined with at least one of the reference SCS configured for SN FU 320 forwarding, the SCS of PDCCH reception, or the SCS of the BWP (e.g., at least one of the SCS before BWP switch, the SCS after BWP switch, or the smaller one or the larger one of the SCS before BWP switch and the SCS after BWP switch) . In some examples, the SCS of slot a or slot b is one of the reference SCS configured for SN FU 320 forwarding, the SCS of PDCCH reception, or the SCS of the BWP. In some examples, slot a or slot b can be defined or expressed by one of the reference SCS configured for SN FU 320 forwarding, the SCS of PDCCH reception, the SCS of the BWP. In some examples, the SCS of slot a or slot b is or slot a or slot b can be defined or expressed by the reference SCS. In some examples, the SCS of slot a or slot b is the reference SCS. In some examples, slot a or slot b can be a complete slot. In some examples, slot a or slot b starts no earlier than the start of a slot that is a time duration of TBWPswitchDelay + Y or TBWPswitchDelay + X after downlink slot n.
[0049] In some examples, TBWPswitchDelay or downlink slot n can be with at least one of the reference SCS configured for forwarding operations of the SN FU 320, the SCS of PDCCH reception, or the SCS of the BWP (e.g., at least one of the SCS before BWP switch, the SCS after BWP switch, or the smaller one or the larger one of the SCS before BWP switch and the SCS after BWP switch) . In some examples, the SCS of TBWPswitchDelay or downlink slot is one of the reference SCS configured for forwarding operations of the SN FU 320, the SCS of PDCCH reception, or the SCS of the BWP. In some examples, the SCS of TBWPswitchDelay or downlink slot can be defined or expressed by one of the reference SCS configured for forwarding operations of the SN FU 320, the SCS of PDCCH reception, or the SCS of the BWP. In some examples, TBWPswitchDelay or downlink slot n can be with the SCS of PDCCH reception or the SCS of the BWP. In some examples, the SCS of TBWPswitchDelay or downlink slot is the same as the SCS of PDCCH reception or the SCS of the BWP. In some examples, SCS of TBWPswitchDelay or downlink slot can be defined or expressed by the SCS of PDCCH reception or the SCS of the BWP.
[0050] In some arrangements, the at least one condition includes timer-based BWP switching. In some examples, in response to determining that the BWP switching includes a timer-based BWP switching, the SN FU 320 is excluded from transmitting or receiving or does not transmit or receive signals during the BWP switching procedure of the SN CU 310.
[0051] In some examples, for a cell in which the SN CU 310 changes an active downlink BWP due to a BWP inactivity timer expiration and / or for accommodating a delay in the active downlink BWP change or the active uplink BWP change needed by the SN CU 310, the SN FU 320 is excluded from transmitting or receiving or does not receive or transmit signals during a time duration from the beginning of a time-domain unit (e.g., a subframe for FR1 or a half of a subframe for FR2) immediately after the expiration of the BWP inactivity timer and until the beginning of a time-domain resource in which the SN CU 310 (or the SN FU 320) can receive or transmit signals.
[0052] In some examples, the SN CU 310 can start BWP switch at downlink slot n. Slot n is the first slot (e.g., slot c) of a time unit (e.g. a downlink subframe (FR1) or downlink half-subframe (FR2) ) immediately after a BWP-inactivity timer bwp-InactivityTimer expires on a serving cell, and the SN FU 320 shall be able to receive or transmit on the first slot (e.g., slot d) occurs immediately after a time duration of TBWPswitchDelay which starts from the beginning of downlink slot n. In some examples, the SN FU 320 320 is excluded from transmitting or receiving or does not receive or transmit signals during time duration TBWPswitchDelay after the timer bwp-InactivityTimer expires, where time duration TBWPswitchDelay is the time period in which the timer-based BWP switch occurs.
[0053] In some examples, slot d can be with at least one of the reference SCS configured for forwarding operations of the SN FU 320, the SCS of PDCCH reception, or the SCS of the BWP (e.g., at least one of the SCS before BWP switch, the SCS after BWP switch, or the smaller one or the larger one of the SCS before BWP switch and the SCS after BWP switch) . In some examples, the SCS of slot d is one of the reference SCS configured for forwarding operations of the SN FU 320, the SCS of PDCCH reception, or the SCS of the BWP. In some examples, slot d can be defined or expressed by one of the reference SCS configured for forwarding operations of the SN FU 320, the SCS of PDCCH reception, or the SCS of the BWP. In some examples, slot d can be with the reference SCS. In some examples, slot d can be a complete slot. In some examples, slot d starts no earlier than the start of a slot that is a time duration of TBWPswitchDelay after downlink slot n. In some examples, TBWPswitchDelay is BWP switch delay. In some examples, the SCS of slot d is the reference SCS. In some examples, slot d can be defined or expressed by the reference SCS.
[0054] In some examples, TBWPswitchDelay, downlink slot n, or slot c can be with at least one of the reference SCS configured for forwarding operations of SN FU 320, the SCS of PDCCH reception, or the SCS of the BWP (e.g., at least one of the SCS before BWP switch, the SCS after BWP switch, or the smaller one or the larger one of the SCS before BWP switch and the SCS after BWP switch) . In some examples, the SCS of TBWPswitchDelay, downlink slot n, or slot c is the same as one of the reference SCS configured for forwarding operations of SN FU 320, the SCS of PDCCH reception, or the SCS of the BWP. In some examples, SCS of TBWPswitchDelay, downlink slot n, or slot c can be defined or expressed by one of the reference SCS configured for forwarding operations of SN FU 320, the SCS of PDCCH reception, or the SCS of the BWP. In some examples, TBWPswitchDelay, downlink slot n, or slot c can be with the SCS of PDCCH reception or the SCS of the BWP. In some examples, the SCS of TBWPswitchDelay, downlink slot n, or slot c is the same as the SCS of PDCCH reception or the SCS of the BWP. In some examples, SCS of TBWPswitchDelay, downlink slot n, or slot c can be defined or expressed by the SCS of PDCCH reception or the SCS of the BWP.
[0055] In some arrangements, the at least one condition includes Radio Resource Control (RRC) -based BWP switching. In some examples, in response to determining that the BWP switching includes an RRC-based BWP switching, the SN FU 320 is excluded from transmitting or receiving or does not transmit or receive signals during the BWP switching procedure of the SN CU 310.
[0056] In some examples, after the SN CU 310 receives RRC reconfiguration including active BWP switching or parameter change of an active BWP of the SN CU 310, the SN FU 320 can receive or transmit on the first slot (e.g., slot e) immediately after a time duration which begins from the beginning of downlink slot n. The time duration can be include a number of time-domain resources (e.g., slots) defined by
[0057] In some examples, slot e can be with at least one of the reference SCS configured for forwarding operations of SN FU 320, the SCS of PDCCH reception, or the SCS of the BWP (e.g., at least one of the SCS before BWP switch, the SCS after BWP switch, or the smaller one or the larger one of the SCS before BWP switch and the SCS after BWP switch) . In some examples, the SCS of slot e is the same as one of the reference SCS configured for forwarding operations of SN FU 320, the SCS of PDCCH reception, or the SCS of the BWP. In some examples, SCS of slot e can be defined or expressed by one of the reference SCS configured for forwarding operations of SN FU 320, the SCS of PDCCH reception, or the SCS of the BWP. In some examples, slot d can be with the reference SCS. In some examples, the SCS of slot e is the same as the reference SCS. In some examples, SCS of slot e can be defined or expressed by the reference SCS.
[0058] In some examples, downlink slot n is the last time-domain resource (e.g., slot) that overlaps with the Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) containing or carrying the RRC command. In some examples, downlink slot n can be with at least one of the reference SCS configured for forwarding operations of SN FU 320, the SCS of PDCCH reception, or the SCS of the BWP (e.g., at least one of the SCS before BWP switch, the SCS after BWP switch, or the smaller one or the larger one of the SCS before BWP switch and the SCS after BWP switch) . In some examples, the SCS of downlink slot n is the same as one of the reference SCS configured for forwarding operations of SN FU 320, the SCS of PDCCH reception, or the SCS of the BWP. In some examples, SCS of downlink slot n can be defined or expressed by one of the reference SCS configured for forwarding operations of SN FU 320, the SCS of PDCCH reception, or the SCS of the BWP. In some examples, downlink slot n can be with the SCS of PDCCH reception or the SCS of the BWP. In some examples, the SCS of downlink slot n is the same as the SCS of PDCCH reception or the SCS of the BWP. In some examples, SCS of downlink slot n can be defined or expressed by the SCS of PDCCH reception or the SCS of the BWP.
[0059] In some examples, a slot length (e.g., a NR slot length) can be determined by (e.g., the same as) the smaller one of the SCS before BWP switch and the SCS after BWP switch, in the examples in which the BWP switch involves changing of the SCS.
[0060] In some examples, TRRCprocessingDelay can be defined as the length of the RRC procedure delay in ms.
[0061] In some examples, TBWPswitchDelayRRC is the time used by the UE to perform BWP switch, e.g., TBWPswitchDelayRRC=6ms . The SN FU 320 is excluded from transmitting or receiving or does not receive or transmit signals during the time defined by TRRCprocessingDelay+TBWPswitchDelayRRC. In response to determining that THARQ> TRRCprocessingDelay, a longer switching delay is allowed. In some examples, THARQ is the time between downlink data transmission and acknowledgement.
[0062] In some examples, while the SN CU 310 performs BWP switch procedure, the SN FU 320 can maintain transmission and reception. In other words, while the SN CU 310 performs BWP switch procedure, the SN FU 320 can continue to transmit or receive signals in a time duration where the SN CU 310 is excluded from transmitting or receiving or does not receive or transmit signals. The time duration where the SN CU 310 is excluded from transmitting or receiving or does not receive or transmit signals can be used for BWP switch.
[0063] In some arrangements, explicit beam indication can be provided for receptions and transmissions on the backhaul link after the BWP switch. In some examples in which the SN 106 simultaneously receives and transmits via both the control link and the backhaul link in a set of time-domain resources (e.g., symbols) , the Transmission Configuration Indication (TCI) states or the spatial filter (e.g., a Sounding Reference Signal (SRS) Resource Indicator (SRI) ) for receptions and transmissions can be same as the TCI states or the spatial filter on the control link in the set of time-domain resources. The arrangements disclosed herein can likewise be applicable to the SN CU 310 starting to transmit and receive signals after the BWP switch (e.g. after the BWP switch is completed) .
[0064] In some examples, the SN 106 does not simultaneously receive and transmit on the control link and the backhaul link. Explicit beam indication for backhaul link via RRC signaling, Media Access Control (MAC) -Control Element (CE) , DCI signaling, or a combination of two or more thereof can be provided. The SN (the SN FU 320) needs to determine the backhaul link beam in response to the active BWP of the C-link (at SN CU 310) is switched, when the SN CU 310 performs the BWP switch procedure (e.g., after the BWP switch procedure starts, or after the BWP switch procedure is completed) . While the arrangements disclosed herein use MAC CE as an example of the explicit beam indication, other examples of explicit beam indication (e.g., RRC signaling, DCI signaling, and so on) can be likewise implemented.
[0065] In some arrangements, the BWP switch procedure can include four stages: BWP switch start, during BWP switch, BWP switch complete and no new MAC CE is yet received, and BWP switch is complete and a new MAC CE is received. Various mechanisms described herein are applicable to one or all of above stages.
[0066] In some arrangements, the SN FU 320 is excluded from or does not transmit or receive signals until a new MAC CE indicating the TCI state (e.g., a downlink TCI state, uplink TCI state, joint TCI state, or unified TCI state) or an SRI for backhaul link is received by the SN CU 310 after the BWP switch. In some examples, the SN FU 320 is excluded from or does not receive until a new MAC CE indicating the TCI state for the downlink (e.g. the downlink beam) of backhaul link is received by the SN CU 310 after the BWP switch. In some examples, the SN FU 320 is excluded from or does not transmit until a new MAC CE indicating the uplink TCI state, joint TCI state, unified TCI state, or SRI for the uplink (e.g. the uplink beam) of backhaul link is received by the SN CU 310 after the BWP switch. In some examples, the TCI state ID indicated by the new MAC CE refers or corresponds to the TCI state with the same ID in the TCI state list of the new active downlink BWP. In some examples, after the BWP switch refers to after the BWP switch procedure starts or after the BWP switch procedure is completed. In other words, after the BWP switch starts or after the BWP switch procedure is completed, as long as the SN 106 (e.g., SN CU 310) does not receive a new MAC CE indicating the TCI state or SRI for the beam indication of backhaul link, the SN FU 320 is turned off (e.g., the SN FU 320 does not or is not required to transmit or receive signals) .
[0067] In some arrangements, the SN FU 320 uses the previous (e.g., latest, most recently used before the BWP switch) TCI state (e.g., downlink TCI state, uplink TCI state, joint TCI state, or unified TCI state) or a previous SRI before the BWP switch, until a new MAC CE indicating the TCI state or a SRI for backhaul link is received by the SN CU 310 after the BWP switch. In some examples, the SN FU 320 uses the previous TCI state before the BWP switch until a new MAC CE indicating the TCI state for the downlink of backhaul link is received by the SN CU 310 after the BWP switch. In some examples, the SN FU 320 uses the previous uplink TCI state, joint TCI state, unified TCI state, or SRI before the BWP switch until a new MAC CE indicating the uplink TCI state, joint TCI state, unified TCI state, or SRI for the uplink of backhaul link after the BWP switch. In some examples, the TCI state ID indicated by the previous MAC CE refers or corresponds to the TCI state with the same ID in the TCI state list of the previously active downlink BWP, and that TCI state is the previous TCI state. In some examples, the TCI state ID indicated by the new MAC CE refers or corresponds to the TCI state with the same ID in the TCI state list of the new active downlink BWP. In some examples, after the BWP switch refers to after the BWP switch procedure starts or after the BWP switch procedure is completed. In other words, in the examples in which the previous MAC CE is received before BWP switch (before the BWP switch procedure starts or is completed) for the beam indication of backhaul link, the SN FU 320 performs receptions or transmissions on the backhaul link based on the TCI state or SRI belonging to the TCI state list or SRI list (or SRS resource list) of the previously active BWP. In some examples, the TCI state or SRI is determined based on the TCI state ID or SRI ID indicated by the previous MAC CE and the TCI state list or SRI list in the previously active BWP of C-link until a new MAC CE indicating the TCI state or a SRI for backhaul link is received by the SN CU 310 after the BWP switch.
[0068] In some arrangements in which the previous MAC CE is received before BWP switch for the beam indication of the backhaul link, the beam of backhaul link after BWP switch can include a default beam according to pre-defined rules associated with the previous active BWP until a new MAC CE indicating the TCI state (e.g., a downlink TCI state, uplink TCI state, joint TCI state, or unified TCI state) or an SRI for the downlink or uplink beam of backhaul link is received by the SN CU 310 after the BWP switch. For the receptions on the backhaul link, in the examples in which the SN 106 does not receive an indication of a unified TCI state for receptions by the SN CU 310, receptions on the backhaul link use same Quasi-Co-Location (QCL) parameters as the ones used for PDCCH receptions in a Control Resource Set (CORESET) with the lowest ID (e.g., controlResourceSetId) in the previously active downlink BWP. The examples in which the SN 106 receives an indication of a unified TCI state for receptions by the SN CU 310, receptions on the backhaul link use the QCL parameters provided by an indicated unified TCI state for receptions by the SN CU 310. For the transmission on the backhaul link, in the examples in which the SN 106 does not receive an indication of a unified TCI state for transmissions by the SN CU 310, transmissions on the backhaul link use a same spatial filter as the one associated with the PUCCH resource with the smallest ID (e.g., pucch-ResourceId) in PUCCH-ResourceSet in the previously active uplink BWP. In the examples in which the SN 106 receives an indication of a unified TCI state for transmissions by the SN CU 310, transmissions on the backhaul link use a spatial filter corresponding to the indicated unified TCI state for transmissions by the SN CU 310. In some examples, before the BWP switch refers to before the BWP switch procedure starts or before the BWP switch procedure is completed. In some examples, after the BWP switch refers to after the BWP switch procedure starts or after the BWP switch procedure is completed.
[0069] In some arrangements in which the previous MAC CE is received before BWP switch for the beam indication of backhaul link, after BWP switch, the beam of backhaul link can apply a default beam according to pre-defined rules associated with the new active BWP until a new MAC CE indicating the TCI state (e.g., a downlink TCI state, uplink TCI state, joint TCI state, or unified TCI state) or an SRI for the downlink or uplink beam of backhaul link is received by the SN CU 310 after the BWP switch. For the receptions on the backhaul link, in some examples in which the SN 106 does not receive an indication of a unified TCI state for receptions by the SN CU 310, receptions on the backhaul link use same QCL parameters as the ones for PDCCH receptions in a CORESET with the lowest ID (e.g., controlResourceSetId) in the new active downlink BWP. In some examples in which the SN 106 receives an indication of a unified TCI state for receptions by the SN CU 310, receptions on the backhaul link use the QCL parameters provided by an indicated unified TCI state for receptions by the SN CU 310. For the transmission on the backhaul link, in some examples in which the SN 106 does not receive an indication of a unified TCI state for transmissions by the SN CU 310, transmissions on the backhaul link use a same spatial filter as the one associated with the PUCCH resource with the smallest ID (e.g., pucch-ResourceId) in PUCCH-ResourceSet in the new active uplink BWP. In some examples in which the SN 106 receives an indication of a unified TCI state for transmissions by the SN CU 310, transmissions on the backhaul link use a spatial filter corresponding to the indicated unified TCI state for transmissions by the SN CU 310. In some examples, before the BWP switch refers to before the BWP switch procedure starts or before the BWP switch procedure is completed. In some examples, after the BWP switch refers to after the BWP switch procedure starts or after the BWP switch procedure is completed.
[0070] In some arrangements in which the previous MAC CE is received before BWP switch for the beam indication of backhaul link, the TCI state (e.g., downlink TCI state, uplink TCI state, joint TCI state, or unified TCI state) or SRI is determined based on the TCI state list or the SRI list of the new active BWP after the BWP switch. In some examples, the TCI state or SRI is determined based on the TCI state ID or SRI ID indicated by the previous MAC CE before the BWP switch and the TCI state list or SRI list in the new active BWP of C-link. In some examples, the TCI state ID indicated by the previous MAC CE refers or corresponds to the TCI state with the same ID in the TCI state list of the new active downlink BWP. In some examples, the uplink TCI state ID (and / or the joint TCI state ID or the unified TCI state ID) or SRI ID indicated by the previous MAC CE refers or corresponds to the uplink TCI state with the same ID in the uplink TCI state list or the SRI with the same ID in the SRI list of the new active uplink BWP. In some examples, before the BWP switch refers to before the BWP switch procedure starts or before the BWP switch procedure is completed. In some examples, after the BWP switch refers to after the BWP switch procedure starts or after the BWP switch procedure is completed. In some examples, only when the size of the TCI state list (or the SRI list) in the previously active BWP and the size of the TCI state list (or the SRI list) in the new active BWP are the same, or when the content in the TCI state list (or the SRI list) in the previously active BWP and the content in the TCI state list (or the SRI list) in the new active BWP are the same, the TCI state or SRI is determined based on the TCI state ID or SRI ID indicated by the previous MAC CE and the TCI state list or SRI list in the new active BWP of C-link.
[0071] In some examples in which the sizes of the TCI state list (or the SRI) list in the previously active BWP and the TCI state list (or the SRI list) in the new active BWP are not the same, or in some examples in which the contents in the TCI state list (or the SRI list) are not the same regardless of whether the sizes of two lists are the same (e.g. same TCI IDs in two lists but associated with different reference signals or QCL types) , the TCI state ID indicated by the previous MAC CE may not be able to map to a TCI state (or SRI) in the TCI state list (or the SRI list) in the new active BWP.
[0072] In some arrangements in which the TCI state ID (or SRI ID) indicated by the previous MAC CE is in the TCI state IDs (or SRI IDs) in the TCI state list (or SRI list) in the new active BWP, the TCI state or SRI is determined based on the TCI state ID or SRI ID indicated by the previous MAC CE and the TCI state list or the SRI list of the new active BWP after BWP switch. That is, in this case, the TCI state ID indicated by the previous MAC CE can be the same as one TCI state ID in the TCI state list in the new active BWP. In some arrangements in which the TCI state ID (or SRI ID) indicated by the previous MAC CE is not in the TCI state IDs (or SRI IDs) in the TCI state list (or SRI list) in the new active BWP, at least one of a first method, second method, third method, fourth method, and fifth method can be performed. That is, in this case, no TCI state ID (or SRI ID) in the TCI state list (or SRI list) in the new active BWP is the same as the TCI state ID (or SRI ID) indicated by the MAC CE.
[0073] In some arrangements in which the size of the TCI state list (or the SRI list) in the previously active BWP and the size of the TCI state list (or the SRI list) in the new active BWP are not the same, at least one of a first method, second method, third method, fourth method, and fifth method can be performed. In some arrangements in which the content in the TCI state list (or the SRI list) in the previously active BWP and the content in the TCI state list (or the SRI list) in the new active BWP are not the same, at least one of a first method, second method, third method, fourth method, and fifth method can be performed.
[0074] In some examples, regardless of whether the TCI state ID (or SRI ID) indicated by the MAC CE is in the TCI state list (or SRI list) in the new active BWP, at least one of a first method, second method, third method, fourth method, and fifth method can be performed.
[0075] In some arrangements in which the sizes of two TCI state lists are the same, the sizes of the two SRI lists are same, the contents of the TCI state lists are same, or the contents of the SRI lists are same, the TCI state or SRI is determined based on the TCI state list or the SRI list of the new active BWP after BWP switch.
[0076] In some arrangements in which the size of the TCI state list (or the SRI list) in the previously active BWP and the size of the TCI state list (or the SRI list) in the new active BWP are different, and the TCI state ID indicated by the MAC CE is in the TCI state IDs in the TCI state list in the new active BWP, the TCI state or SRI is determined based on the TCI state list or the SRI list of the new active BWP after BWP switch.
[0077] In some arrangements in which the content of the TCI state list (or the SRI list) in the previously active BWP and the content of the TCI state list (or the SRI list) in the new active BWP are different, and the TCI state ID indicated by the MAC CE is in the TCI state IDs in the TCI state list in the new active BWP, the TCI state or SRI is determined based on the TCI state list or the SRI list of the new active BWP after BWP switch.
[0078] In some arrangements in which the TCI state ID (or SRI ID) indicated by the previous MAC CE is not in the TCI state IDs (or SRI IDs) in the TCI state list (or SRI list) in the new active BWP, at least one of a first method, second method, third method, fourth method, and fifth method can be performed.
[0079] In some examples, in the first method, the SN FU 320 is excluded from transmitting or receiving or does not to transmit or receive until a new MAC CE updating the TCI state (or SRI) for the beam of backhaul link is received.
[0080] In some examples, in the second method, the TCI state (or SRI) indicated is determined based on the TCI state list (or the SRI list) of the previously active BWP.
[0081] In some examples, in the third method, the beam of backhaul link can apply a default beam according to pre-defined rules associated to the previously active BWP or new active BWP.
[0082] In some examples, in the fourth method, the TCI state ID (or SRI ID) indicated by the MAC CE refers or corresponds to the TCI state (or SRI) with the lowest ID or the largest ID in the TCI state list (or SRI list) of the new active BWP.
[0083] In some examples, in the fifth method, the TCI state ID (or SRI ID) indicated by the MAC CE refers or corresponds to the TCI state (or SRI) with the ID that is closest to the TCI state ID (or SRI ID) in the TCI state list (or SRI list) of the new active BWP.
[0084] In some examples in which the previous or latest MAC CE is received before BWP switch for the beam indication of backhaul link, after BWP switch, the beam of backhaul link can apply a default beam according to pre-defined rules. In some examples, the pre-defined rules for determining the backhaul link beam (e.g., determining the receptions and transmissions on the backhaul link) are described in further details herein.
[0085] In some arrangements, a default beam for backhaul link can be provided according to pre-defined rules. In some arrangements in which the SN 106 simultaneously receives and transmits via both the control link and the backhaul link in a set of time-domain resources (e.g., symbols) , the TCI states or the spatial filter (or SRI) for receptions and transmissions can be same as the TCI states or the spatial filter (or SRI) on the control link in the set of time-domain resources (e.g., symbols) . This can be applicable to situations in which the SN CU 310 can start transmitting and receiving signals after the BWP switch.
[0086] In the examples in which the SN 106 does not simultaneously receive and transmit on the control link and the backhaul link, and if the SN 106 does not support determining the beam of backhaul link based on an explicit indication (e.g., via MAC CE) , or if the SN 106 does not receive or has not applied an explicit indication, the SN FU 320 determines the backhaul link beam after BWP switch in the manner described herein.
[0087] In some examples, the backhaul link can apply a default beam according to the pre-defined rules associated to the previously active BWP. For the receptions on the backhaul link, in the examples in which the SN 106 does not receive an indication of a unified TCI state for receptions by the SN CU 310, receptions on the backhaul link use same QCL parameters as the ones for PDCCH receptions in a CORESET with the lowest ID (e.g., controlResourceSetId) in the previously active downlink BWP. In the examples in which the SN 106 receives an indication of a unified TCI state for receptions by the SN CU 310, receptions on the backhaul link use the QCL parameters provided by an indicated unified TCI state for receptions by the SN CU 310. For the transmission on the backhaul link, in the examples in which the SN 106 does not receive an indication of a unified TCI state for transmissions by the SN CU 310, transmissions on the backhaul link use a same spatial filter as the one associated with the PUCCH resource with the smallest ID (e.g., pucch-ResourceId) in PUCCH-ResourceSet in the previously active uplink BWP. In the examples in which the SN 106 receives an indication of a unified TCI state for transmissions by the SN CU 310, transmissions on the backhaul link use a spatial filter corresponding to the indicated unified TCI state for transmissions by the SN CU 310. The backhaul link can apply a default beam according to the pre-defined rules associated to the previously active BWP until the BWP switching is completed or until the QCL parameters / the spatial filter of receptions / transmissions of PDCCH / PUCCH of C-link has been updated after BWP switch is completed (e.g., associated with the new active BWP) .
[0088] In some examples, the backhaul link can apply a default beam according to the pre-defined rules associated to the new active BWP. For the receptions on the backhaul link, in the examples in which the SN 106 does not receive an indication of a unified TCI state for receptions by the SN CU 310, receptions on the backhaul link use same QCL parameters as the ones for PDCCH receptions in a CORESET with the lowest ID (e.g., controlResourceSetId) in the new active downlink BWP. In the examples in which the SN 106 receives an indication of a unified TCI state for receptions by the SN CU 310, receptions on the backhaul link use the QCL parameters provided by an indicated unified TCI state for receptions by the SN CU 310. For the transmission on the backhaul link, in the examples in which the SN does not receive an indication of a unified TCI state for transmissions by the SN CU 310, transmissions on the backhaul link use a same spatial filter as the one associated with the PUCCH resource with the smallest ID (e.g., pucch-ResourceId) in PUCCH-ResourceSet in the new active uplink BWP. In the examples in which the SN does not receive an indication of a unified TCI state for transmissions by the SN CU 310, transmissions on the backhaul link use a spatial filter corresponding to the indicated unified TCI state for transmissions by the SN CU 310. After the BWP switch refers to after the BWP switch procedure starts or after the BWP switch procedure is completed. The indication of a unified TCI state for receptions can be received by the SN before the BWP switch or after the BWP switch. The backhaul link can apply a default beam according to the pre-defined rules associated to the new active BWP after the BWP switch, or after the QCL parameters / the spatial filter of receptions / transmissions of PDCCH / PUCCH of C-link has been updated after BWP switch complete (e.g., associated with the new active BWP) .
[0089] In some arrangements, BWP switch can be divided into two phases, including a first phase defined as a phase from the start of BWP switch to completion of BWP switch, and a second phase defined as after completion of BWP switch. Through phase-by-phase analysis, solutions (e.g., pre-defined rules) for different phases can be provided.
[0090] The first phase is defined as the period of time between the start of the BWP switch to the complete of the BWP switch. In some examples, the SN 106 (e.g., the SN-CU 310) receives an indication of a unified TCI state for receptions / transmissions by the SN-CU 310. During first phase, in some examples in which the SN-CU 310 does not receive or transmit any signals, the indication of the unified TCI state for receptions / transmissions by the SN-CU 310 is received by the SN 106 (e.g., the SN-CU 310) before BWP switch starts.
[0091] In some arrangements, receptions / transmissions on the backhaul link is determined based on the unified TCI state for receptions / transmissions by the SN-CU 310. The unified TCI state for receptions / transmissions by the SN-CU 310 is associated to the previous active BWP or the indicated BWP in the indication.
[0092] During the first phase, in some examples in which the SN 106 (e.g., the SN-CU 310) does not receive an indication of a unified TCI state for receptions / transmissions by the SN-CU 310 before BWP switch starts.
[0093] In some arrangements, receptions on the backhaul link is based on the same QCL parameters as the ones for PDCCH receptions in a CORESET with the lowest CORESET ID in the previously active DL BWP. In some arrangements, transmissions on the backhaul link is based on or uses the same spatial filter as the one used for or associated with the PUCCH resource with the lowest PUCCH resource ID in the previously active UL BWP.
[0094] In some arrangements, receptions on the backhaul link is based on or uses the same QCL parameters as the ones for PDCCH receptions in a CORESET with the lowest CORESET ID in the new active DL BWP. In some arrangements, transmissions on the backhaul link is based on or uses the same spatial filter as the one used for or associated with the PUCCH resource with the lowest PUCCH resource ID in the new active UL BWP.
[0095] The second phase is defined as the period of time after the completion of the BWP switch. In some examples, the SN 106 (e.g., the SN-CU 310) receives an indication of a unified TCI state for receptions / transmissions by the SN-CU 310 after BWP switch completes (regardless of whether the SN 106 receives an indication of a unified TCI state for receptions / transmissions by the SN-CU 310 before BWP switch) .
[0096] In some examples, receptions / transmissions on the backhaul link is determined based on the indicated unified TCI state for receptions / transmissions by the SN-CU 310. The unified TCI state is indicated in the indication received by the SN 106 (e.g., the SN-CU 310) after BWP switch completes. The unified TCI state is associated to the new active BWP or the indicated BWP in the indication.
[0097] In some examples, the SN 106 (e.g., the SN-CU 310) receives an indication of a unified TCI state for receptions / transmissions by the SN-CU only before BWP switch starts. That is, the SN 106 (e.g., the SN-CU 310) does not receive an indication of a unified TCI state for receptions / transmissions by the SN-CU 310 after BWP switch completes.
[0098] In some examples, receptions on the backhaul link is determined based on the same QCL parameters as the ones for PDCCH receptions in a CORESET with the lowest CORESET ID in the previously active DL BWP. In some examples, transmissions on the backhaul link is based on or uses the same spatial filter as the one used for or associated with the PUCCH resource with the lowest PUCCH resource ID in the previously active UL BWP.
[0099] In some examples, receptions on the backhaul link is determined based on the same QCL parameters as the ones for PDCCH receptions in a CORESET with the lowest CORESET ID in the new active DL BWP. In some examples, transmissions on the backhaul link is based on or uses the same spatial filter as the one used for or associated with the PUCCH resource with the lowest PUCCH resource ID in the new active UL BWP. Such mechanism can be applied to the case in which the QCL parameters / the spatial filter of receptions / transmissions of PDCCH / PUCCH has already been updated after BWP switch completes. Such mechanism can be performed by the SN 106 until an indication of a unified TCI state for receptions / transmissions by the SN-CU 310 is received after BWP switch starts.
[0100] In some examples, receptions / transmissions on the backhaul link is determined based on the indicated unified TCI state for receptions / transmissions by the SN-CU 310. The unified TCI state for receptions / transmissions by the SN-CU 310 is associated to the previously active BWP or the indicated BWP in the indication.
[0101] In some examples, the SN 106 (e.g., the SN-CU 310) does not receive an indication of a unified TCI state for receptions / transmissions by the SN-CU 310. That is, regardless of before or after BWP switch, the SN 106 (e.g., the SN-CU 310) does not receive an indication of a unified TCI state for receptions / transmissions by the SN-CU 310.
[0102] In some examples, receptions on the backhaul link is determined based on the same QCL parameters as the ones for PDCCH receptions in a CORESET with the lowest CORESET ID in the previously active DL BWP. In some examples, transmissions on the backhaul link is based on or uses the same spatial filter as the one used for or associated with the PUCCH resource with the lowest PUCCH resource ID in the previously active UL BWP. Such mechanism can be applied to the case in which the QCL parameters / the spatial filter of receptions / transmissions of PDCCH / PUCCH has not been updated after BWP switch completes.
[0103] In some examples, receptions on the backhaul link is determined based on the same QCL parameters as the ones for PDCCH receptions in a CORESET with the lowest CORESET ID in the new active DL BWP. In some examples, transmissions on the backhaul link is based on or uses the same spatial filter as the one used for or associated with the PUCCH resource with the lowest PUCCH resource ID in the new active UL BWP. Such mechanism can be applied to the case in which the QCL parameters / the spatial filter of receptions / transmissions of PDCCH / PUCCH has already been updated after BWP switch completes.
[0104] FIG. 4 is a flowchart diagram illustrating an example method 400 for performing frequency switching and receiving / forwarding signals of the SN 106, according to various arrangements. The method 400 can be performed by the SN 106 (e.g., the SN CU 310 and the SN FU 320) .
[0105] At 410, a first functional unit (e.g., the CU 310) of a first communication node (e.g., the SN 106) performs frequency switching to switch from a first frequency to a second frequency. At 420, the second functional unit (e.g., the FU 320) of the first communication node performs at least one of receiving signals from a first one of a second communication node (e.g., the BS 102) or a third communication node (e.g., the UE 104) or forwarding the signals to a second one of the second communication node or the third communication node.
[0106] In some examples, the first communication node includes an SN. The first functional unit includes a CU. The second functional unit includes a FU. The frequency switching includes BWP switching. The first frequency includes a first BWP or a first frequency range. The second frequency includes a second BWP or a second frequency range.
[0107] In some examples, the first communication node includes at least one of a SN, a repeater, a relay node, a RIS, an IRS, an IAB node, a portion or part of a BS, a TRP, a UE, a controller, or a wireless communication device. In some examples, the second communication node includes a BS. The third communication node includes a UE or a wireless communication device.
[0108] In some examples, the method 400 further includes turning off the second functional unit of the first communication node from transmitting or receiving during the frequency switching; and in response to completing the frequency switching, turning on the second functional unit to perform the at least one of receiving, by the second functional unit, the signals from the first one of the second communication node or the third communication node and forwarding, by the second functional unit, the signals to the second one of the second communication node or the third communication node.
[0109] In some examples, the first functional unit is excluded from at least one of transmitting or receiving during the frequency switching. In some examples, the second functional unit is excluded from at least one of transmitting or receiving during the frequency switching.
[0110] In some examples, the second functional unit is turned off during the frequency switching in response to determining that the frequency switching includes a DCI-based frequency switching. In some examples, the second functional unit is turned off during the frequency switching in response to the first functional unit detecting a DCI format indicating an active downlink or uplink frequency change.
[0111] In some examples, the second functional unit is turned off during the frequency switching in response to the first functional unit detecting a DCI format with a BWP indicator field that indicates an active downlink or uplink frequency change.
[0112] In some examples, the second functional unit is turned off during the frequency switching in response to the first functional unit detecting a DCI format with SCell dormancy indication that indicates an active downlink BWP change for an SCell in a time-domain resource of a PCell.
[0113] In some examples, the second functional unit is turned off during the frequency switching in response to determining that the frequency switching includes a timer-based frequency switching.
[0114] In some examples, the second functional unit is turned off during the frequency switching in response to the first functional unit changing an active downlink BWP due to at least one of expiration of a BWP inactivity timer, a delay in changing of the active downlink BWP, or a delay in changing of an active uplink BWP.
[0115] In some examples, the second functional unit is turned off during the frequency switching in response to determining that the frequency switching includes an RRC-based frequency switching.
[0116] In some examples, the second functional unit is turned off until an indication indicating a TCI state or an SRI is received by the first functional unit after the frequency switching starts or after the frequency switching is completed.
[0117] In some examples, the second functional unit uses a previous TCI state or a previous SRI used before the frequency switching until a new indication indicating a new TCI state or a new SRI is received after the frequency switching.
[0118] In some examples, the second functional unit uses a default beam for receiving the signals and forwarding the signals after the frequency switching. The default beam is determined based on a previous active BWP used before the frequency switching.
[0119] In some examples, the second functional unit uses a default beam for receiving the signals and forwarding the signals after the frequency switching. The default beam is determined based on a new active BWP used after the frequency switching.
[0120] In some examples, the second functional unit determines at least one of a TCI state or an SRI based on at least one of a TCI state list or an SRI list of a new active BWP used after the frequency switching.
[0121] In some examples, a TCI state ID or SRI ID indicated by an indication received before the frequency switching is in a TCI state list or SRI list of an active BWP used after the frequency switching. The TCI state or SRI is determined based on at least one of the TCI state list or the SRI list of the active BWP used after the frequency switching.
[0122] In some examples, a TCI state ID or SRI ID indicated by an indication received before the frequency switching is not in a TCI state list or SRI list of a new active BWP used after the frequency switching. In some examples, the second functional unit is turned off from transmitting or receiving until a new indication received after the frequency switching updating a TCI state or an SRI for a backhaul link. In some examples, the second functional unit uses the previous TCI state or a previous SRI used before the frequency switching until the new indication indicating a new TCI state or a new SRI is received after the frequency switching. In some examples, the second functional unit uses a default beam for receiving the signals and forwarding the signals after the frequency switching, and the default beam is determined based on a previous active BWP used before the frequency switching or a new active BWP used after the frequency switching. In some examples, the second functional unit uses a TCI state with a TCI state ID that is a lowest ID or a highest ID in the TCI state list of the new active BWP, or the second functional unit uses an SRI with an SRI ID that is a lowest ID or a highest ID in an SRI list of the new active BWP. In some examples, the second functional unit uses a TCI state with a TCI state ID that is closest to a TCI state ID in the TCI state list of the new active BWP, or the second functional unit uses an SRI with an SRI ID that is closest to an SRI ID in an SRI list of the new active BWP.
[0123] In some examples, a size of a TCI state list in a previously active BWP used before the frequency switching and a size of a TCI state list in a new active BWP used after the frequency switching are not same. In some examples, a size of a SRI list in the previously active BWP used before the frequency switching and a size of an SRI list in the new active BWP used after the frequency switching are not same. In some examples, the second functional unit is turned off from transmitting or receiving until a new indication received after the frequency switching updating a TCI state or an SRI for a backhaul link. In some examples, the second functional unit uses the previous TCI state or a previous SRI used before the frequency switching until the new indication indicating a new TCI state or a new SRI is received after the frequency switching. In some examples, the second functional unit uses a default beam for receiving the signals and forwarding the signals after the frequency switching, and the default beam is determined based on a previous active BWP used before the frequency switching or a new active BWP used after the frequency switching. In some examples, the second functional unit uses a TCI state with a TCI state ID that is a lowest ID or a highest ID in the TCI state list of the new active BWP, or the second functional unit uses an SRI with an SRI ID that is a lowest ID or a highest ID in an SRI list of the new active BWP. In some examples, the second functional unit uses a TCI state with a TCI state ID that is closest to a TCI state ID in the TCI state list of the new active BWP, or the second functional unit uses an SRI with an SRI ID that is closest to an SRI ID in an SRI list of the new active BWP.
[0124] In some examples, a content of a TCI state list in a previously active BWP used before the frequency switching and a content of a TCI state list in a new active BWP used after the frequency switching are different. In some examples, a content of an SRI list in the previously active BWP used before the frequency switching and a content of an SRI list in the new active BWP used after the frequency switching are different. In some examples, the second functional unit is turned off from transmitting or receiving until a new indication received after the frequency switching updating a TCI state or a SRI for a backhaul link. In some examples, the second functional unit uses the previous TCI state or a previous SRI used before the frequency switching until the new indication indicating a new TCI state or a new SRI is received after the frequency switching. In some examples, the second functional unit uses a default beam for receiving the signals and forwarding the signals after the frequency switching, and the default beam is determined based on a previous active BWP used before the frequency switching or a new active BWP used after the frequency switching. In some examples, the second functional unit uses a TCI state with a TCI state ID that is a lowest ID or a highest ID in the TCI state list of the new active BWP, or the second functional unit uses an SRI with an SRI ID that is a lowest ID or a highest ID in an SRI list of the new active BWP. In some examples, the second functional unit uses a TCI state with a TCI state ID that is closest to a TCI state ID in the TCI state list of the new active BWP, or the second functional unit uses an SRI with an SRI ID that is closest to an SRI ID in an SRI list of the new active BWP.
[0125] In some examples, a size of a TCI state list in a previously active BWP used before the frequency switching and a size of a TCI state list in a new active BWP used after the frequency switching are different. In some examples, a size of a SRI list in the previously active BWP used before the frequency switching and a size of an SRI list in the new active BWP used after the frequency switching are different. In some examples, the TCI state ID or SRI ID indicated by an indication received before the frequency switching is in TCI state IDs or SRI IDs in the TCI state list or SRI list in the new active BWP. In some examples, the TCI state or SRI indicated is determined based on the TCI state list or the SRI list of the new active BWP.
[0126] In some examples, a content of a TCI state list in a previously active BWP used before the frequency switching and a content of a TCI state list in a new active BWP used after the frequency switching are different. In some examples, a content of an SRI list in the previously active BWP used before the frequency switching and a content of an SRI list in the new active BWP used after the frequency switching are different. In some examples, the TCI state ID or SRI ID indicated by an indication received before the frequency switching is in TCI state IDs or SRI IDs in the TCI state list or SRI list in the new active BWP. In some examples, the TCI state or SRI is determined based on the TCI state list or the SRI list of the new active BWP.
[0127] In some examples, the second functional unit uses a default beam for receiving signals and forwarding signals. The default beam is determined based on a previous active BWP used before the frequency switching.
[0128] In some examples, the second functional unit uses a default beam for receiving signals and forwarding signals. The default beam is determined based on a new active BWP used after the frequency switching.
[0129] In some examples, the method 400 further includes forwarding, by the second functional unit, signals to the first one of the second communication node or the third communication node. The first one of the second communication node or the third communication node includes a base station. At least one of receiving the signals from the first one of the second communication node or the third communication node or forwarding the signals to the first one of the second communication node or the third communication node is based on a unified TCI state for at least one of a receptions or a transmission by the first functional unit. The unified TCI state is associated to an active BWP used before the frequency switching or a BWP in an indication.
[0130] In some examples, the method 400 further includes forwarding, by the second functional unit, signals to the first one of the second communication node or the third communication node. The first one of the second communication node or the third communication node includes a base station. At least one of receiving the signals from the first one of the second communication node or the third communication node or forwarding the signals to the first one of the second communication node or the third communication node is based on QCL parameters for downlink reception (e.g., PDCCH) in a CORESET with a lowest ID in an active downlink BWP used before the frequency switching.
[0131] In some examples, the method 400 further includes forwarding, by the second functional unit, signals to the first one of the second communication node or the third communication node. The first one of the second communication node or the third communication node includes a base station. At least one of receiving the signals from the first one of the second communication node or the third communication node or forwarding the signals to the first one of the second communication node or the third communication node is based on spatial filter for an uplink (e.g., PUCCH) resource with a lowest ID in an active uplink BWP used before the frequency switching.
[0132] In some examples, the method 400 further includes forwarding, by the second functional unit, signals to the first one of the second communication node or the third communication node. The first one of the second communication node or the third communication node includes a base station. At least one of receiving the signals from the first one of the second communication node or the third communication node or forwarding the signals to the first one of the second communication node or the third communication node is based on a unified TCI state for at least one of a receptions or a transmission by the first functional unit. The unified TCI state is indicated in an indication, the unified TCI state is received after frequency switching is completed, and the unified TCI state is associated to an active BWP used after the frequency switching or a BWP in the indication.
[0133] In some examples, the method 400 further includes forwarding, by the second functional unit, signals to the first one of the second communication node or the third communication node. The first one of the second communication node or the third communication node includes a base station. At least one of receiving the signals from the first one of the second communication node or the third communication node or forwarding the signals to the first one of the second communication node or the third communication node is based on QCL parameters for downlink reception (e.g., PDCCH) in a CORESET with a lowest ID in an active downlink BWP used after the frequency switching.
[0134] In some examples, the method 400 further includes forwarding, by the second functional unit, signals to the first one of the second communication node or the third communication node. The first one of the second communication node or the third communication node includes a base station. At least one of receiving the signals from the first one of the second communication node or the third communication node or forwarding the signals to the first one of the second communication node or the third communication node is based on spatial filter for an uplink resource (e.g., PUCCH) with a lowest ID in an active uplink BWP used after the frequency switching.
[0135] In some examples, the method 400 further includes forwarding, by the second functional unit, signals to the first one of the second communication node or the third communication node. The first one of the second communication node or the third communication node includes a base station. At least one of receiving the signals from the first one of the second communication node or the third communication node or forwarding the signals to the first one of the second communication node or the third communication node is based on a unified TCI state for at least one of a receptions or a transmission by the first functional unit. The unified TCI state is indicated in an indication, and the unified TCI state is associated to an active BWP used before the frequency switching or a BWP in the indication.
[0136] While various arrangements of the present disclosure have been described above, it should be understood that they have been presented by way of example only, and not by way of limitation. Likewise, the various diagrams may depict an example architectural or configuration, which are provided to enable persons of ordinary skill in the art to understand example features and functions of the present solution. Such persons would understand, however, that the solution is not restricted to the illustrated example architectures or configurations, but can be implemented using a variety of alternative architectures and configurations. Additionally, as would be understood by persons of ordinary skill in the art, one or more features of one arrangement can be combined with one or more features of another arrangement described herein. Thus, the breadth and scope of the present disclosure should not be limited by any of the above-described illustrative arrangements.
[0137] It is also understood that any reference to an element herein using a designation such as "first, " "second, " and so forth does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. Rather, these designations can be used herein as a convenient means of distinguishing between two or more elements or instances of an element. Thus, a reference to first and second elements does not mean that only two elements can be employed, or that the first element must precede the second element in some manner.
[0138] Additionally, a person having ordinary skill in the art would understand that information and signals can be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits and symbols, for example, which may be referenced in the above description can be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.
[0139] A person of ordinary skill in the art would further appreciate that any of the various illustrative logical blocks, modules, processors, means, circuits, methods and functions described in connection with the aspects disclosed herein can be implemented by electronic hardware (e.g., a digital implementation, an analog implementation, or a combination of the two) , firmware, various forms of program or design code incorporating instructions (which can be referred to herein, for convenience, as "software" or a "software module) , or any combination of these techniques. To clearly illustrate this interchangeability of hardware, firmware and software, various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits, and steps have been described above generally in terms of their functionality. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware, firmware or software, or a combination of these techniques, depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system. Skilled artisans can implement the described functionality in various ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions do not cause a departure from the scope of the present disclosure.
[0140] Furthermore, a person of ordinary skill in the art would understand that various illustrative logical blocks, modules, devices, components and circuits described herein can be implemented within or performed by an integrated circuit (IC) that can include a general purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, or any combination thereof. The logical blocks, modules, and circuits can further include antennas and / or transceivers to communicate with various components within the network or within the device. A general purpose processor can be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor can be any conventional processor, controller, or state machine. A processor can also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other suitable configuration to perform the functions described herein.
[0141] If implemented in software, the functions can be stored as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Thus, the steps of a method or algorithm disclosed herein can be implemented as software stored on a computer-readable medium. Computer-readable media includes both computer storage media and communication media including any medium that can be enabled to transfer a computer program or code from one place to another. A storage media can be any available media that can be accessed by a computer. By way of example, and not limitation, such computer-readable media can include RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that can be used to store desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed by a computer.
[0142] In this document, the term "module" as used herein, refers to software, firmware, hardware, and any combination of these elements for performing the associated functions described herein. Additionally, for purpose of discussion, the various modules are described as discrete modules; however, as would be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art, two or more modules may be combined to form a single module that performs the associated functions according arrangements of the present solution.
[0143] Additionally, memory or other storage, as well as communication components, may be employed in arrangements of the present solution. It will be appreciated that, for clarity purposes, the above description has described arrangements of the present solution with reference to different functional units and processors. However, it will be apparent that any suitable distribution of functionality between different functional units, processing logic elements or domains may be used without detracting from the present solution. For example, functionality illustrated to be performed by separate processing logic elements, or controllers, may be performed by the same processing logic element, or controller. Hence, references to specific functional units are only references to a suitable means for providing the described functionality, rather than indicative of a strict logical or physical structure or organization.
[0144] Various modifications to the implementations described in this disclosure will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be applied to other implementations without departing from the scope of this disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not intended to be limited to the implementations shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the novel features and principles disclosed herein, as recited in the claims below.
Claims
1.A wireless communication method, comprising:performing, by a first functional unit of a first communication node, frequency switching to switch from a first frequency to a second frequency; andat least one of:receiving, by a second functional unit of the first communication node, signals from a first one of a second communication node or a third communication node; orforwarding, by the second functional unit, the signals to a second one of the second communication node or the third communication node.2.The method of claim 1, whereinthe first communication node comprises a Smart Node (SN) ;the first functional unit comprises a Control / Communication Unit (CU) ;the second functional unit comprises a Forwarding Unit (FU) ;the frequency switching comprises Bandwidth Part (BWP) switching;the first frequency comprises a first BWP or a first frequency range; andthe second frequency comprises a second BWP or a second frequency range.3.The method of claim 1, wherein the first communication node comprises at least one of a Smart Node (SN) , a repeater, a relay node, a Re-configuration Intelligent Surface (RIS) , an Intelligent Reflecting Surface (IRS) , an Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) node, a portion or part of a Base Station (BS) , a Transmission and Reception Point (TRP) , a User Equipment (UE) , a controller, or a wireless communication device.4.The method of claim 1, whereinthe second communication node comprises a Base Station (BS) ; andthe third communication node comprises a User Equipment (UE) or a wireless communication device.5.The method of claim 1, further comprising:turning off the second functional unit of the first communication node from transmitting or receiving during the frequency switching; andin response to completing the frequency switching, turning on the second functional unit to perform the at least one of:receiving, by the second functional unit, the signals from the first one of the second communication node or the third communication node; andforwarding, by the second functional unit, the signals to the second one of the second communication node or the third communication node.6.The method of claim 5, wherein at least one of:the first functional unit is excluded from at least one of transmitting or receiving during the frequency switching; orthe second functional unit is excluded from at least one of transmitting or receiving during the frequency switching.7.The method of claim 5, wherein the second functional unit is turned off during the frequency switching in response to determining that the frequency switching comprises a Downlink Control Information (DCI) -based frequency switching.8.The method of claim 5, wherein the second functional unit is turned off during the frequency switching in response to the first functional unit detecting a Downlink Control Information (DCI) format indicating an active downlink or uplink frequency change.9.The method of claim 5, wherein the second functional unit is turned off during the frequency switching in response to the first functional unit detecting a Downlink Control Information (DCI) format with a Bandwidth Part (BWP) indicator field that indicates an active downlink or uplink frequency change.10.The method of claim 5, wherein the second functional unit is turned off during the frequency switching in response to the first functional unit detecting a Downlink Control Information (DCI) format with Secondary Cell (SCell) dormancy indication that indicates an active downlink Bandwidth Part (BWP) change for an SCell in a time-domain resource of a Primary Cell (PCell) .11.The method of claim 5, wherein the second functional unit is turned off during the frequency switching in response to determining that the frequency switching comprises a timer-based frequency switching.12.The method of claim 5, wherein the second functional unit is turned off during the frequency switching in response to the first functional unit changing an active downlink Bandwidth Part (BWP) due to at least one of expiration of a BWP inactivity timer, a delay in changing of the active downlink BWP, or a delay in changing of an active uplink BWP.13.The method of claim 5, wherein the second functional unit is turned off during the frequency switching in response to determining that the frequency switching comprises a Radio Resource Control (RRC) -based frequency switching.14.The method of claim 1, wherein the second functional unit is turned off until an indication indicating a Transmission Configuration Indication (TCI) state or a Sounding Reference Signal (SRS) Resource Indicator (SRI) is received by the first functional unit after the frequency switching starts or after the frequency switching is completed.15.The method of claim 1, wherein the second functional unit uses a previous Transmission Configuration Indication (TCI) state or a previous Sounding Reference Signal (SRS) Resource Indicator (SRI) used before the frequency switching until a new indication indicating a new TCI state or a new SRI is received after the frequency switching.16.The method of claim 1, wherein the second functional unit uses a default beam for receiving the signals and forwarding the signals after the frequency switching, wherein the default beam is determined based on a previous active BWP used before the frequency switching.17.The method of claim 1, wherein the second functional unit uses a default beam for receiving the signals and forwarding the signals after the frequency switching, wherein the default beam is determined based on a new active BWP used after the frequency switching.18.The method of claim 1, wherein the second functional unit determines at least one of a Transmission Configuration Indication (TCI) state or a Sounding Reference Signal (SRS) Resource Indicator (SRI) based on at least one of a TCI state list or an SRI list of a new active BWP used after the frequency switching.19.The method of claim 1, whereina Transmission Configuration Indication (TCI) state ID or SRI ID indicated by an indication received before the frequency switching is in a TCI state list or SRI list of an active BWP used after the frequency switching; andthe TCI state or Sounding Reference Signal (SRS) Resource Indicator (SRI) is determined based on at least one of the TCI state list or the SRI list of the active BWP used after the frequency switching.20.The method of claim 1, whereina Transmission Configuration Indication (TCI) state ID or SRI ID indicated by an indication received before the frequency switching is not in a TCI state list or SRI list of a new active BWP used after the frequency switching; andat least one of:the second functional unit is turned off from transmitting or receiving until a new indication received after the frequency switching updating a TCI state or a Sounding Reference Signal (SRS) Resource Indicator (SRI) for a backhaul link ;the second functional unit uses the previous TCI state or a previous SRI used before the frequency switching until the new indication indicating a new TCI state or a new SRI is received after the frequency switching;the second functional unit uses a default beam for receiving the signals and forwarding the signals after the frequency switching, wherein the default beam is determined based on a previous active BWP used before the frequency switching or a new active BWP used after the frequency switching;the second functional unit uses a TCI state with a TCI state ID that is a lowest ID or a highest ID in the TCI state list of the new active BWP, or the second functional unit uses an SRI with an SRI ID that is a lowest ID or a highest ID in an SRI list of the new active BWP; orthe second functional unit uses a TCI state with a TCI state ID that is closest to a TCI state ID in the TCI state list of the new active BWP, or the second functional unit uses an SRI with an SRI ID that is closest to an SRI ID in an SRI list of the new active BWP.21.The method of claim 1, whereinat least one of:a size of a Transmission Configuration Indication (TCI) state list in a previously active BWP used before the frequency switching and a size of a TCI state list in a new active BWP used after the frequency switching are not same; ora size of a Sounding Reference Signal (SRS) Resource Indicator (SRI) list in the previously active BWP used before the frequency switching and a size of an SRI list in the new active BWP used after the frequency switching are not same; andat least one of:the second functional unit is turned off from transmitting or receiving until a new indication received after the frequency switching updating a TCI state or a Sounding Reference Signal (SRS) Resource Indicator (SRI) for a backhaul link ;the second functional unit uses the previous TCI state or a previous SRI used before the frequency switching until the new indication indicating a new TCI state or a new SRI is received after the frequency switching;the second functional unit uses a default beam for receiving the signals and forwarding the signals after the frequency switching, wherein the default beam is determined based on a previous active BWP used before the frequency switching or a new active BWP used after the frequency switching;the second functional unit uses a TCI state with a TCI state ID that is a lowest ID or a highest ID in the TCI state list of the new active BWP, or the second functional unit uses an SRI with an SRI ID that is a lowest ID or a highest ID in an SRI list of the new active BWP; orthe second functional unit uses a TCI state with a TCI state ID that is closest to a TCI state ID in the TCI state list of the new active BWP, or the second functional unit uses an SRI with an SRI ID that is closest to an SRI ID in an SRI list of the new active BWP.22.The method of claim 1, whereinat least one of:a content of a Transmission Configuration Indication (TCI) state list in a previously active BWP used before the frequency switching and a content of a TCI state list in a new active BWP used after the frequency switching are different; ora content of a Sounding Reference Signal (SRS) Resource Indicator (SRI) list in the previously active BWP used before the frequency switching and a content of an SRI list in the new active BWP used after the frequency switching are different; andat least one of:the second functional unit is turned off from transmitting or receiving until a new indication received after the frequency switching updating a TCI state or a Sounding Reference Signal (SRS) Resource Indicator (SRI) for a backhaul link ;the second functional unit uses the previous TCI state or a previous SRI used before the frequency switching until the new indication indicating a new TCI state or a new SRI is received after the frequency switching;the second functional unit uses a default beam for receiving the signals and forwarding the signals after the frequency switching, wherein the default beam is determined based on a previous active BWP used before the frequency switching or a new active BWP used after the frequency switching;the second functional unit uses a TCI state with a TCI state ID that is a lowest ID or a highest ID in the TCI state list of the new active BWP, or the second functional unit uses an SRI with an SRI ID that is a lowest ID or a highest ID in an SRI list of the new active BWP; orthe second functional unit uses a TCI state with a TCI state ID that is closest to a TCI state ID in the TCI state list of the new active BWP, or the second functional unit uses an SRI with an SRI ID that is closest to an SRI ID in an SRI list of the new active BWP.23.The method of claim 1, whereinat least one of:a size of a Transmission Configuration Indication (TCI) state list in a previously active BWP used before the frequency switching and a size of a TCI state list in a new active BWP used after the frequency switching are different; ora size of a Sounding Reference Signal (SRS) Resource Indicator (SRI) list in the previously active BWP used before the frequency switching and a size of an SRI list in the new active BWP used after the frequency switching are different; andthe TCI state ID or SRI ID indicated by an indication received before the frequency switching is in TCI state IDs or SRI IDs in the TCI state list or SRI list in the new active BWP; andthe TCI state or SRI indicated is determined based on the TCI state list or the SRI list of the new active BWP.24.The method of claim 1, whereinat least one of:a content of a Transmission Configuration Indication (TCI) state list in a previously active BWP used before the frequency switching and a content of a TCI state list in a new active BWP used after the frequency switching are different; ora content of a Sounding Reference Signal (SRS) Resource Indicator (SRI) list in the previously active BWP used before the frequency switching and a content of an SRI list in the new active BWP used after the frequency switching are different; andthe TCI state ID or SRI ID indicated by an indication received before the frequency switching is in TCI state IDs or SRI IDs in the TCI state list or SRI list in the new active BWP; andthe TCI state or SRI is determined based on the TCI state list or the SRI list of the new active BWP.25.The method of claim 1, wherein the second functional unit uses a default beam for receiving signals and forwarding signals, wherein the default beam is determined based on a previous active BWP used before the frequency switching.26.The method of claim 1, wherein the second functional unit uses a default beam for receiving signals and forwarding signals, wherein the default beam is determined based on a new active BWP used after the frequency switching.27.The method of claim 1, further comprising forwarding, by the second functional unit, signals to the first one of the second communication node or the third communication node, wherein the first one of the second communication node or the third communication node comprises a base station, wherein at least one of receiving the signals from the first one of the second communication node or the third communication node or forwarding the signals to the first one of the second communication node or the third communication node is based on a unified Transmission Configuration Indicator (TCI) state for at least one of a receptions or a transmission by the first functional unit, wherein the unified TCI state is associated to an active Bandwidth Part (BWP) used before the frequency switching or a BWP in an indication.28.The method of claim 1, further comprising forwarding, by the second functional unit, signals to the first one of the second communication node or the third communication node, wherein the first one of the second communication node or the third communication node comprises a base station, wherein at least one of receiving the signals from the first one of the second communication node or the third communication node or forwarding the signals to the first one of the second communication node or the third communication node is based on Quasi-Co-Location (QCL) parameters for downlink reception in a Control Resource Set (CORESET) with a lowest ID in an active downlink Bandwidth Part (BWP) used before the frequency switching.29.The method of claim 1, further comprising forwarding, by the second functional unit, signals to the first one of the second communication node or the third communication node, wherein the first one of the second communication node or the third communication node comprises a base station, wherein at least one of receiving the signals from the first one of the second communication node or the third communication node or forwarding the signals to the first one of the second communication node or the third communication node is based on spatial filter for an uplink resource with a lowest ID in an active uplink Bandwidth Part (BWP) used before the frequency switching.30.The method of claim 1, further comprising forwarding, by the second functional unit, signals to the first one of the second communication node or the third communication node, wherein the first one of the second communication node or the third communication node comprises a base station, wherein at least one of receiving the signals from the first one of the second communication node or the third communication node or forwarding the signals to the first one of the second communication node or the third communication node is based on a unified Transmission Configuration Indicator (TCI) state for at least one of a receptions or a transmission by the first functional unit, wherein the unified TCI state is indicated in an indication, the unified TCI state is received after frequency switching is completed, and the unified TCI state is associated to an active Bandwidth Part (BWP) used after the frequency switching or a BWP in the indication.31.The method of claim 1, further comprising forwarding, by the second functional unit, signals to the first one of the second communication node or the third communication node, wherein the first one of the second communication node or the third communication node comprises a base station, wherein at least one of receiving the signals from the first one of the second communication node or the third communication node or forwarding the signals to the first one of the second communication node or the third communication node is based on Quasi-Co-Location (QCL) parameters for downlink reception in a Control Resource Set (CORESET) with a lowest ID in an active downlink Bandwidth Part (BWP) used after the frequency switching.32.The method of claim 1, further comprising forwarding, by the second functional unit, signals to the first one of the second communication node or the third communication node, wherein the first one of the second communication node or the third communication node comprises a base station, wherein at least one of receiving the signals from the first one of the second communication node or the third communication node or forwarding the signals to the first one of the second communication node or the third communication node is based on spatial filter for an uplink resource with a lowest ID in an active uplink Bandwidth Part (BWP) used after the frequency switching.33.The method of claim 1, further comprising forwarding, by the second functional unit, signals to the first one of the second communication node or the third communication node, wherein the first one of the second communication node or the third communication node comprises a base station, wherein at least one of receiving the signals from the first one of the second communication node or the third communication node or forwarding the signals to the first one of the second communication node or the third communication node is based on a unified Transmission Configuration Indicator (TCI) state for at least one of a receptions or a transmission by the first functional unit, wherein the unified TCI state is indicated in an indication, the and the unified TCI state is associated to an active Bandwidth Part (BWP) used before the frequency switching or a BWP in the indication.34.A wireless communication apparatus comprising at least one processor and a memory, wherein the at least one processor is configured to read code from the memory and implement the method recited in claim 1.35.A computer program product comprising a computer-readable program medium code stored thereupon, the code, when executed by at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to implement the method recited in claim 1.
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