Circular RNA encoding FGF21 and the use thereof
Circular RNA-encoded FGF21 variants address the limitations of current FGF21 analogs by providing enhanced stability and reduced side effects, effectively treating metabolic disorders with improved weight management and metabolic profile.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/133849
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2023-11-23
- Filing Date
- 2024-11-22
- Publication Date
- 2025-05-30
AI Technical Summary
Current FGF21 analogs face challenges such as short half-life, susceptibility to enzymatic cleavage, and adverse effects like gastrointestinal disorders and muscle mass loss, limiting their effectiveness in treating metabolic diseases.
Development of a circular RNA encoding FGF21 or its variants, which offers improved pharmaceutical properties including enhanced stability and reduced side effects, allowing for effective treatment of metabolic disorders without compromising lean muscle mass.
The circular RNA-encoded FGF21 variants demonstrate superior in vitro and in vivo activity compared to recombinant human FGF21, achieving significant reductions in body weight, total cholesterol, LDL-C, and blood glucose levels while preserving lean mass, thus effectively addressing metabolic dysfunctions.
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Abstract
Description
CIRCULAR RNA ENCODING FGF21 AND THE USE THEREOFTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present invention relates to a circular RNA encoding FGF21 and the use thereof for treating diseases.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The prevalence of metabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes (T2D) , obesity, metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) , is approximately 25%around the world, resulting in the global healthcare burden (Jamali, Zahra et al. Scientific reports. 2024) . Semaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, has been approved for the management of T2D and weight loss. However, gastrointestinal disorders and loss of muscle mass were often observed during the treatment with semaglutide. Although resmetirom, a selective thyroid hormone receptor-β agonist, is the first approval for adults with noncirrhotic non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in 2024, its clinical benefits appeared to be conflicting within existing studies (Harrison, Stephen A et al., Lancet (London, England) . 2019) . Currently, fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21) analog has emerged as a promising therapeutic in metabolic diseases.
[0003] FGF-21 is an endocrine hormone and belongs to the FGF superfamily. FGF21 is primarily secreted by the liver and released into circulation to act on adipose tissue, liver, skeletal muscle and other distal tissues through fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) and β-Klotho complex (Tezze, C., Romanello, V., &Sandri, M. Frontiers in physiology, 2019) . The FGF21 / FGFR / β-Klotho complex activates ERK / MAPK signaling cascades. And consequently, FGF21 mediates cell proliferation, differentiation and cell metabolism. FGF21 analogs have been studied in the modulation of dyslipidaemia, insulin sensitivity, liver steatosis and fibrosis, which are associated with the progress of T2D, obesity, and MAFLD (Harrison, Stephen A et al., Journal of hepatology. 2024) . Thus, FGF21 provides therapeutic potential in multiple metabolic disorders.
[0004] Human FGF21 contains 208 amino acids and forms secreted 181 amino acids during maturation, primarily from liver and adipose tissue (D.M. Kilkenny, J.V. Rocheleau, Vitamins &Hormones, 2016) . However, the utilization of native FGF21 has been restricted on its short half-life. It has been reported that the half-life of FGF21 is around 0.5-2 h in animal models (Kharitonenkov et al., Endocrinology, 2007; Xu et al., Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab, 2009; Hecht et al., PLoS One, 2012) , where FGF21 can be cleaved by Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) at N-terminus and fibroblast activation protein (FAP) at C-terminus (Zhen, Eugene Y et al. The Biochemical journal, 2016) . Several approaches have been applied to engineer FGF21 and FGF21 analogs, such as PEGylated analog, and antibody-based fusion protein (Tillman EJ, Rolph T. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) , 2020) . Despite of such improvements, anti-PEG antibodies and vacuolation potentially induced by PEGylated molecules and insufficient stability are still challenges for its development.
[0005] Therefore, there is a need in the field to produce better FGF21 analogs to treat metabolic diseases.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0006] The invention relates to a novel circular RNA encoding FGF21 or a variant thereof with improved pharmaceutical properties over the recombinant proteins.
[0007] In one aspect, the invention provides a circular RNA, comprising a regulatory element and an expression element comprising a polynucleotide encoding FGF21 or a variant thereof.
[0008] In one aspect, the invention provides a composition comprising the circular RNA disclosed herein, wherein the composition comprises pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.
[0009] In one aspect, the invention provides a method for treating a disease in a subject, comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of the circular RNA or the composition disclosed herein to the subject.
[0010] In one aspect, the invention provides the use of the circular RNA or the composition disclosed herein in the manufacture of a medicament for treating a disease in a subject.
[0011] In one aspect, the invention provides a circular RNA or the composition disclosed herein, for use in treating a disease in a subject.
[0012] In one aspect, the invention provides a method for reducing body weight in a subject without reducing the lean mass of the subject, comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of the circular RNA or the composition disclosed herein to the subject.
[0013] In one aspect, the invention provides a method for reducing fat in a subject without reducing the lean mass of the subject, comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of the circular RNA or the composition disclosed herein to the subject.
[0014] In one aspect, the invention provides a method for reducing body weight in a subject, comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of the circular RNA or the composition disclosed herein to the subject.
[0015] In one aspect, the invention provides a method for reducing total cholesterol, LDL-C or blood glucose in a subject, comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of the circular RNA or the composition disclosed herein to the subject.
[0016] In one aspect, the invention provides a method for reducing hepatic steatosis in a subject, comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of the circular RNA or the composition disclosed herein to the subject.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0017] Figure 1 is the general map of plasmid that used to produce circRNAs.
[0018] Figure 2 is Urea-PAGE analysis of the optimized FGF21 products after RNaseR-treatment.
[0019] Figure 3 shows the expression of FGF21 variants in the supernatant of 293T cells transfected with corresponding RNAs.
[0020] Figure 4 illustrates the addition of circRNA-FGF21-003 (SEQ ID NO: 17) or circRNA-FGF21-008 (SEQ ID NO: 22) leads to rapid phosphorylation of its downstream target ERK 1 / 2 in Beta-Klotho overexpressed 293T cell line (A) and 3T3-L1 cell line (B) .
[0021] Figure 5 illustrates that circRNA encoded FGF-21 variants stimulates the activation of human Beta-Klotho receptor resulting in increasing luciferase activity.
[0022] Figure 6 (A and B) illustrates in vitro activities of circRNA encoded FGF-21 variants (SEQ ID NO: 22, 36, 42, 48, 54, 60 and 61) are superior to recombinant human FGF21 protein (SEQ ID NO: 74) .
[0023] Figure 7 shows circRNA encoded FGF-21 variants (SEQ ID NO: 22, 36, 42 and 54) improved oral glucose tolerance in BKS-db wildtype mice after treatment.
[0024] Figure 8 illustrates the expression of circRNA-FGF21-008 is elevated in represented mouse serum 6 hours post dose and can be detected until Day20 post dose.
[0025] Figure 9 shows circRNA-FGF21-003 and circRNA-FGF21-008 decreased body weight gain in BKS-db / db mice.
[0026] Figure 10 shows circRNA-FGF21-003 and circRNA-FGF21-008 decreased serum total cholesterol (CHOL) level in BKS-db mice.
[0027] Figure 11 shows circRNA-FGF21-003 and circRNA-FGF21-008 decreased serum LDL-C level in BKS-db / db mice.
[0028] Figure 12 (A and B) shows histological analysis of liver biopsy of western diet induced BKS-db / db mice treated with vehicle, semaglutide and circRNA-FGF21-008. circRNA-FGF21-008 significantly improved hepatic steatosis of western diet induced BKS-db / db mice compared to semaglutide.
[0029] Figure 13 shows circRNA-FGF21-008 largely reduced body weight of western diet induced BKS-db / db mice compared to rhFGF21 protein.
[0030] Figure 14 shows circRNA-FGF21-008 lowered CHOL level in western diet induced BKS-db / db mice.
[0031] Figure 15 shows circRNA-FGF21-008 lowered LDL-C level in western diet induced BKS-db / db mice.
[0032] Figure 16 shows subcutaneous administration of circRNA-FGF21-008 decreased body weight of DIO mice.
[0033] Figure 17 shows greater fat mass loss caused by subcutaneous administration of circRNA-FGF21-008 in DIO than by semaglutide.
[0034] Figure 18 shows semaglutide significantly caused lean mass loss in DIO mice while circRNA-FGF21-008 could preserve lean mass.
[0035] Figure 19 shows subcutaneous administration of circRNA-FGF21-008 decreased CHOL level in DIO mice.
[0036] Figure 20 shows subcutaneous administration of circRNA-FGF21-008 exhibited superior blood glucose reduction after 5 h fast compared to semaglutide.
[0037] Figure 21 (A and B) shows intravenous or subcutaneous injection of circRNA-FGF21-008 increased c-fos activities in mice brain areas associated with food intake and appetite.DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0038] Unless otherwise defined below, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as commonly understood by an ordinary skilled person in the art. References to techniques used herein are intended to refer to techniques that are generally understood in the art, including those obvious changes or equivalent replacements of the techniques for those skilled in the art. While it is believed that the following terms are well understood by those skilled in the art, the following definitions are set forth to better explain the invention.
[0039] As used herein, the terms “including” , “comprising” , “having” , “containing” or “comprising” , and other variants thereof, are inclusive or open, and do not exclude other unlisted elements or method steps.
[0040] As used herein, the terms “embodiment” , “disclosed herein” or “disclosure” are not meant to be limiting but applies generally to any of the embodiments defined in the claims or described herein. These terms are used interchangeably herein.
[0041] As used herein, the terms “treat” , “treating” , “treatment” and the like refer to eliminating, reducing, or ameliorating a disease or condition, and / or symptoms associated therewith. Although not precluded, treating a disease or condition does not require that the disease, condition, or symptoms associated therewith be eliminated. The term “treat” and synonyms contemplate administering a therapeutically effective amount of the circular RNA or the composition disclosed herein to a subject in need of such treatment. The treatment can be orientated symptomatically, for example, to suppress symptoms. It can be affected over a short period, or be oriented over a medium term, or can be a long-term treatment, for example within the context of a maintenance therapy.
[0042] Throughout this disclosure, the terms “a” or “an” entity refers to one or more of that entity; for example, “a polynucleotide” is understood to represent one or more polynucleotides. As such, the terms “a” (or “an” ) , “one or more” and “at least one” can be used interchangeably herein.
[0043] The term “variant” , as used herein, refers to a peptide that differs from the recited peptide due to amino acid substitutions, deletions, insertions, and / or modifications. Variants can be produced using art-known mutagenesis techniques.
[0044] The terms “composition” or “pharmaceutical composition” refer to compositions comprising the circular RNA provided herein, along with e.g., pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, excipients, or diluents for administration to a subject in need of treatment.
[0045] The term “pharmaceutically acceptable” refers to compositions that are, within the scope of sound medical judgment, suitable for contact with the tissues of human beings and animals without excessive toxicity or other complications commensurate with a reasonable benefit / risk ratio.
[0046] An “effective amount” is that amount of a circular RNA provided herein, the administration of which to a subject, either in a single dose or as part of a series, is effective for treatment. For example, with respect to obesity, an amount is effective, for example, when its administration results in one or more of weight loss or weight maintenance (e.g., prevention of weight gain) , loss of body fat, prevention or modulation hypoglycemia, prevention or modulation hyperglycemia, promotion of insulin synthesis, or reduction in food intake. This amount can be a fixed dose for all subjects being treated, or can vary depending upon the weight, health, and physical condition of the subject to be treated, the extent of weight loss or weight maintenance desired, the formulation of the circular RNA or the composition disclosed herein, a professional assessment of the medical situation, and other relevant factors.
[0047] The term “subject” is meant any subject, particularly a mammalian subject, in need of treatment with the circular RNA or the composition provided herein. Mammalian subjects include, but are not limited to, humans, dogs, cats, guinea pigs, rabbits, rats, mice, horses, cattle, bears, cows, apes, monkeys, orangutans, and chimpanzees, and so on. In one embodiment, the subject is a human subject.
[0048] The term “YTE mutation” refers to the mutation at the CH2-CH3 interface and constitutes contact residues for FcRn binding. According to EU index of Kabat numbering, the YTE mutation of a IgG1 Fc, IgG2 Fc, IgG3 Fc or IgG4 Fc is M252Y / S254T / T256E.
[0049] Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a liver-secreted peptide hormone that in humans is encoded by the FGF21 gene. The wildtype amino acid sequence of FGF21 is set forth as SEQ ID NO: 1.
[0050] The term “circRNA” can refer to both modified and un-modified circRNA. The RNA modification is known in the art and a skilled person can select the proper modification, if necessary.
[0051] The term “metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) ” and the term “non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) ” can be used interchangeably. It is known to a skilled person in the art that MASH is also known as NASH.
[0052] The term “metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) ” and the term “non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) ” can be used interchangeably. It is known to a skilled person in the art that MAFLD is also known as NAFLD.
[0053] The term “about” as used herein, includes the recited number ± 10%. Thus, “about 10” means 9 to 11.
[0054] The term “ABD” as used herein is albumin-binding domain. The albumin-binding domain (ABD) protein, which is commonly derived from bacteria and engineered to bind in vivo to serum albumin with high affinity.
[0055] The term “anti-albumin VHH” as used herein is Variable Heavy domain of Heavy chain antibody against human serum albumin. The anti-albumin VHH selectively binds with high affinity to the serum albumins of multiple species.
[0056] The term “GLP-1” as used herein is Glucagon-like peptide-1.
[0057] Circular RNA
[0058] As used herein, the terms “circRNA” or “circular polyribonucleotide” or “circular RNA” are used interchangeably and can refer to a polyribonucleotide that forms a circular structure through covalent or non-covalent bonds. When it comes to circular RNA, a skilled person would understand that a polynucleotide in a RNA refers to a polyribonucleotide.
[0059] In one aspect, the invention provides a circular RNA, comprising a regulatory element and an expression element comprising a polynucleotide encoding FGF21 or a variant thereof.
[0060] In some embodiments, the circular RNA comprising the nucleotide sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO: 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126 or 127.
[0061] In some embodiments, the polynucleotide encoding FGF21 or a variant thereof has at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 98%, at least 99%or 100%identity with the sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO: 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112 or 113, preferably the polynucleotide encoding FGF21 or a variant thereof is set forth as SEQ ID NO: 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112 or 113. In a more preferred embodiment, the polynucleotide encoding FGF21 or a variant thereof is set forth as SEQ ID NO: 17, 76, 89, 95, 101, 107 or 113.
[0062] In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of FGF21 or a variant thereof is set forth as SEQ ID NO: 1, 2, 3, 4 or 74. In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of FGF21 or a variant thereof comprises one or more of the following mutations relative to the wild type FGF21 (SEQ ID NO: 1) : L126R, L174P, P199G, A208E, deletion of aa1-28 and deletion of aa29-32.
[0063] In some embodiments, the expression element comprising a polynucleotide encoding Fc. In some embodiments, the Fc comprises one or more mutations. In some embodiments, the Fc comprises YTE mutations. In some embodiments, the Fc is selected from the group consisting of IgG1 Fc, IgG2 Fc, IgG3 Fc and IgG4 Fc. In some preferred embodiments, the Fc is IgG1 Fc or IgG4 Fc. In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of Fc is set forth as SEQ ID NO: 65, 66 or 67.
[0064] In some embodiments, the expression element comprising a polynucleotide encoding ABD (Albumin binding domain) . In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of ABD has at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 98%, at least 99%or 100%identity with the sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO: 68. In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of ABD is set forth as SEQ ID NO: 68.
[0065] In some embodiments, the expression element comprising a polynucleotide encoding anti-albumin VHH (Variable Heavy domain of Heavy chain antibody) . In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of VHH has at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 98%, at least 99%or 100%identity with the sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO: 69. In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of anti-albumin VHH is set forth as SEQ ID NO: 69.
[0066] In some embodiments, the expression element comprising a polynucleotide encoding a linker between the Fc and the FGF21 or a variant thereof. In some embodiments, the expression element comprising a polynucleotide encoding a linker between the ABD and the FGF21 or a variant thereof. In some embodiments, the expression element comprising a polynucleotide encoding a linker between the anti-albumin VHH and the FGF21 or a variant thereof. In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the linker is set forth as SEQ ID NO: 70, 71, 72 or 73.
[0067] In some embodiments, the circular RNA or the expression element comprises, in the following order from 5’ to 3’, the polynucleotide encoding the Fc, the polynucleotide encoding the linker and the polynucleotide encoding FGF21 or a variant thereof. In some embodiments, the circular RNA or the expression element comprises, in the following order from 5’ to 3’, the polynucleotide encoding the ABD, the polynucleotide encoding the linker and the polynucleotide encoding FGF21 or a variant thereof. In some embodiments, the circular RNA or the expression element comprises, in the following order from 5’ to 3’, the polynucleotide encoding the anti-albumin VHH, the polynucleotide encoding the linker and the polynucleotide encoding FGF21 or a variant thereof.
[0068] In some embodiments, the circular RNA or the expression element comprises a polynucleotide encoding GLP-1 or a variant thereof. In some embodiments, the circular RNA or the expression element comprises, in the following order from 5’ to 3’, the polynucleotide encoding GLP-1 or a variant thereof, the polynucleotide encoding a linker, the polynucleotide encoding the Fc, the polynucleotide encoding the linker and the polynucleotide encoding FGF21 or a variant thereof. In some embodiments, the circular RNA or the expression element comprises, in the following order from 5’ to 3’, the polynucleotide encoding GLP-1 or a variant thereof, the polynucleotide encoding a linker, the polynucleotide encoding the ABD, the polynucleotide encoding the linker and the polynucleotide encoding FGF21 or a variant thereof. In some embodiments, the circular RNA or the expression element comprises, in the following order from 5’ to 3’, the polynucleotide encoding GLP-1 or a variant thereof, the polynucleotide encoding a linker, the polynucleotide encoding the anti-albumin VHH, the polynucleotide encoding the linker and the polynucleotide encoding FGF21 or a variant thereof.
[0069] In some embodiments, the circular RNA comprises any one of the polynucleotides set forth as SEQ ID NO: 21-61.
[0070] In some embodiments, the expression element comprising the sequence having at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 98%, at least 99%or 100%identity with the sequence set forth as any one of SEQ ID NOs: 21-61, preferably the expression element comprising the sequence set forth as any one of SEQ ID NOs: 21-61, more preferably, the expression element comprising the sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO: 22, 36, 42, 48, 54, 60 and 61, most preferably, the expression element comprising the sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO: 22.
[0071] In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence encoded by the expression element of the circular RNA comprises has at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 98%, at least 99%or 100%identity with the sequence set forth as any one of SEQ ID NOs: 5-13, preferably the amino acid sequence encoded by the expression element of the circular RNA comprises the sequence set forth as any one of SEQ ID NOs: 5-13.
[0072] The signal peptide can direct the protein of interest (e.g., GLP-1 or the variants thereof, and / or FGF21 or the variants thereof) encoded by the circRNA disclosed herein into the secretory pathway of the host cells. The polynucleotide encoding signal peptide is joined to the RNA sequence encoding the protein of interest (e.g., GLP-1 or the variants thereof, and / or FGF21 or the variants thereof) disclosed herein in the correct reading frame. The polynucleotide encoding signal peptide is commonly positioned 5’ to the RNA sequence encoding the protein of interest (e.g., GLP-1 or the variants thereof, and / or FGF21 or the variants thereof) or positioned 5’ to the RNA sequence encoding the Fc, ABD or anti-albumin VHH disclosed herein.
[0073] In some embodiment, the circular RNA or the expression element comprises a polynucleotide encoding a signal peptide. In some embodiments, the circular RNA or the expression element comprises, in the following order from 5’ to 3’, a polynucleotide encoding a signal peptide, a polynucleotide encoding Fc, a polynucleotide encoding a linker and a polynucleotide encoding FGF21 or a variant thereof. In some embodiments, the circular RNA or the expression element comprises, in the following order from 5’ to 3’, a polynucleotide encoding a signal peptide, a polynucleotide encoding ABD, a polynucleotide encoding a linker and a polynucleotide encoding FGF21 or a variant thereof. In some embodiments, the circular RNA or the expression element comprises, in the following order from 5’ to 3’, a polynucleotide encoding a signal peptide, a polynucleotide encoding anti-albumin VHH, a polynucleotide encoding a linker and a polynucleotide encoding FGF21 or a variant thereof.
[0074] In some embodiments, the circular RNA or the expression element comprises, in the following order from 5’ to 3’, a polynucleotide encoding a signal peptide, a polynucleotide encoding GLP-1 or a variant thereof, a polynucleotide encoding a linker, a polynucleotide encoding Fc, a polynucleotide encoding a linker and a polynucleotide encoding FGF21 or a variant thereof. In some embodiments, the circular RNA or the expression element comprises, in the following order from 5’ to 3’, a polynucleotide encoding a signal peptide, a polynucleotide encoding GLP-1 or a variant thereof, a polynucleotide encoding a linker, a polynucleotide encoding ABD, a polynucleotide encoding a linker and a polynucleotide encoding FGF21 or a variant thereof. In some embodiments, the circular RNA or the expression element comprises, in the following order from 5’ to 3’, a polynucleotide encoding a signal peptide, a polynucleotide encoding GLP-1 or a variant thereof, a polynucleotide encoding a linker, a polynucleotide encoding anti-albumin VHH, a polynucleotide encoding a linker and a polynucleotide encoding FGF21 or a variant thereof.
[0075] In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the signal peptide is set forth as SEQ ID NO: 62, 63 or 64.
[0076] In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the GLP-1 or a variant thereof is set forth as SEQ ID NO: 114.
[0077] In some embodiments, the sequence of the polynucleotide encoding GLP-1 or a variant thereof is set forth as SEQ ID NO: 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126 or 127.
[0078] In some embodiments, the polynucleotide encoding GLP-1 or a variant thereof has at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 98%, at least 99%or 100%identity with the sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO: 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126 or 127.
[0079] The circular RNAs disclosed herein have the advantageous effect of reducing body weight without reducing the lean muscle mass, and / or reducing fat without reducing the lean muscle mass.
[0080] The circular RNAs disclosed herein have the effect of reducing the body weight, reducing the total cholesterol levels, reducing fasting concentrations of blood glucose, inhibiting food intake, reducing hepatic steatosis and / or reducing fat without altering lean muscle mass.
[0081] The circular RNA disclosed herein can be prepared using methods in the prior art. In a preferred embodiment, the circular RNA is prepared using the method in the Examples.
[0082] Regulatory elements
[0083] A regulatory element may include a sequence that is located adjacent to an expression element that encodes an expression product. A regulatory element may be linked operatively to the adjacent sequence. A regulatory element may increase an amount of product expressed as compared to an amount of the expressed product when no regulatory element exists. In addition, one regulatory element can increase an amount of products expressed for multiple expression sequences attached in tandem. Hence, one regulatory element can enhance the expression of one or more expression sequences.
[0084] In some embodiments, the regulatory element comprises an internal ribosomal entry site (IRES) or a fragment thereof.
[0085] A suitable IRES element to include in a circular polyribonucleotide comprises an RNA sequence capable of engaging a eukaryotic ribosome. In some embodiments, the IRES element is at least about 5 nt, at least about 8 nt, at least about 9 nt, at least about 10 nt, at least about 15 nt, at least about 20 nt, at least about 25 nt, at least about 30 nt, at least about 40 nt, at least about 50 nt, at least about 100 nt, at least about 200 nt, at least about 250 nt, at least about 350 nt, or at least about 500 nt.
[0086] In some embodiments, the IRES is selected from the group consisting of Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) IRES, Enterovirus 71 (EV71) IRES, encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) IRES, picornavirus (PV) IRES, hepatitis C virus (HCV) IRES, adenovirus (AdV) IRES, human papillomavirus type 31 (HPV31) IRES, human herpesvirus (HHV) IRES, Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) IRES, classical swine fever virus (CSFV) IRES, FGF9 IRES, SLC7A1 IRES, and RUNX1 IRES. In a preferred embodiment, the IRES is CVB3 IRES (SEQ ID NO: 14) .
[0087] Administration of circular RNA to the subject
[0088] In one aspect, the invention provides a composition comprising the circular RNA of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the composition comprises pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.
[0089] In some embodiments, the composition comprises nanoparticles, for example, lipid nanoparticles.
[0090] In some embodiments, the circRNA is administered as naked circRNA, or as a pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. In non-limiting examples, the pharmaceutically acceptable excipient is polyethylenimine (PEI) or a lipid nanoparticle (LNP) . Other examples of liposomes that can be used to administer the circRNA or the composition for administration include protamines, cationic nanoemulsions, modified dendrimer nanoparticles, protamine liposomes, cationic polymers, cationic polymer liposomes, polysaccharide particles, cationic lipid nanoparticles, cationic lipid-cholesterol nanoparticles, cationic lipid-cholesterol PEG nanoparticle, cationic lipid transfection reagents sold under the trademark LIPOFECTAMINE, nonliposomal transfection reagents sold under the trademark FUGENE, or any combination thereof can be used as the pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
[0091] In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical compositions may optionally comprise one or more additional active substances, e.g. therapeutically and / or prophylactically active substances.
[0092] Diseases
[0093] In one aspect, the invention provides a method for treating a disease in a subject, comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of the circular RNA or the composition disclosed herein to the subject.
[0094] In one aspect, the invention provides the use of the circular RNA or the composition disclosed herein in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of a disease in a subject.
[0095] In one aspect, the invention provides a circular RNA, or the composition disclosed herein, for the treatment of the disease in a subject.
[0096] In some embodiments, the disease is selected from diabetes mellitus, Type 1 diabetes mellitus, Type 2 diabetes mellitus, malnutrition-related diabetes mellitus, diabetic hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state, hypoglycaemia in the context of diabetes mellitus, diabetic acidosis, diabetic coma, uncontrolled and unstable diabetes mellitus.
[0097] In some embodiments, the disease is selected from hyperlipoproteinaemia, hypercholesterolaemia, hypertriglyceridaemia, mixed hyperlipidaemia, hyperalphalipoproteinaemia, hypolipoproteinaemia, hypoalphalipoproteinaemia and hypobetalipoproteinaemia.
[0098] In some embodiments, the disease is selected from obesity or specific nutrient excesses and nutritional disorders.
[0099] In some embodiments, the disease is reducing the risk of cardiovascular events.
[0100] In some embodiments, the subject is an adult with type 2 diabetes mellitus and established cardiovascular disease.
[0101] In some embodiments, the disease is selected from metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) or steatohepatitis (MASH) .
[0102] In some embodiments, the disease is hepatic steatosis.
[0103] Although the descriptions of pharmaceutical compositions provided herein are principally directed to pharmaceutical compositions which are suitable for administration to humans, it will be understood by the skilled artisan that such compositions are generally suitable for administration to any other animal, e.g., to non-human animals, e.g. non-human mammals.
[0104] Examples
[0105] To make the objects and technical solutions of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific examples. It should be understood that the examples are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Further, specific experimental methods not mentioned in the following examples were carried out in accordance with a conventional experimental method.
[0106] Example 1 Vector construction
[0107] [Rectified under Rule 91, 03.04.2025]The coding sequence for different FGF21 variants was optimized in house. The optimized cDNA sequences (corresponding to SEQ ID NO: 15-61) were synthesized in Azenta Life Sciences. Generally, the synthesized fragments were cloned into Spe I / EcoR I site of the pUC57 plasmid as shown in Figure 1. The circRNA plasmids were linearized by BspQ I (Vazyme, DD4302-PC-02) at 50℃ for 2 hours (h) . Herein human IgG Fc variants with / without modification (SEQ ID NO: 65-67) , albumin binding domain (SEQ ID NO: 68) and variable heavy domain of heavy chain (VHH) against human serum albumin (HSA) (SEQ ID NO: 69) covalently linked to FGF21 analogues.
[0108] Example 2 Production and purification of circRNAs
[0109] The circRNA precursors were synthesized via in vitro transcription (IVT) from the linearized circRNA plasmid templates with the T7 RNA Polymerase (Vazyme, DD4101-PC-03) . After IVT, the RNA products were treated with DNase I (Vazyme, DD4104-PC-01) at 37℃ for 15 minutes (min) to remove the DNA template and purified using RNA cleanup kit (NEB, T2040L) . The circulation of purified circRNA precursors (the coding regions are SEQ ID NO: 17, 22, 28, 29) was using T4 RNA ligase II (Kactus, TRL-BE103-C1) at 25℃ for 2 h. After ligation and purification, the circRNA products were treated with RNase R (Novoprotein, GMP-E224-M001) at 37℃ for 30 min to degrade linear RNAs (Figure 2) .
[0110] The purified circRNAs were separated by denaturing Urea-PAGE gel (Beyotime, R0218S) . In brief, 200 ng of RNAs were mixed with equal volume of 2 × RNA loading dye (NEB, B0363S) , heated at 70℃ for 10 min, and then immediately put on ice prior to loading. The ssRNA ladder (NEB, N0362S) was used as RNA size standards on denaturing gels. After electrophoresis (150V, 1 h) , gels were stained with YeaRed Nucleic Acid Gel Stain (Yeason, 10203ES76) and RNA bands were visualized by the ChemiDoc MP Imaging System (BioRad) .
[0111] Example 3 Production and purification of linear RNAs
[0112] The linear RNAs (SEQ ID NO: 35) were synthesized via in vitro transcription (IVT) from the plasmid templates with the T7 RNA Polymerase (Vazyme, DD4101-PC-03) . After IVT, the RNA products were treated with DNase I (Vazyme, DD4104-PC-01) at 37℃ for 15 min to remove the DNA template and purified using RNA cleanup kit (NEB, T2040L) .
[0113] Example 4 Transfection and circRNA or linear RNA expression of mammalian cells
[0114] 293T cells were cultured in BASIC DMEM (Gibco, C11965500BT) supplemented with 10%fetal bovine serum (Corning, 35-081-CV) and 1%penicillin / streptomycin (Invitrogen, 15140148) at 37℃, 5%CO2. Cells were passaged every 2-3 days. Prior to transfection, 3 × 105 cells per well were seeded into 24-well plates. Next, 500 ng of RNase R-treated circRNAs were transfected into cells using Lipofectamine RNAiMAX (Invitrogen, 13778030) .
[0115] Cell supernatant was harvested 16 h post-transfection, afterwards, western blot was performed to analyze protein expression. In brief, supernatant from FGF21 variants (coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 22, 28, 29, 35, 36, 42, 48, 54, 60 and 61) were separated in a 4-12%gradient SDS PAGE (120V, 120 min) and transferred to a PVDF membrane by semi-dry blotting (2.5V, 30 min) . After blocking, the membranes were immunoblotted with using anti-Human IgG-Fc (Sino Biological, SSA001) and anti-FGF21 (Proteintech, 26272-1-AP) . The protein can secret into cell supernatant and be detected by western blot (Figure 3) . In addition, the expression of target protein translated from circRNA is higher than that from linear RNA.
[0116] Example 5 Stimulation of ERK phosphorylation by circRNA encoding FGF21 variants
[0117] 293T and 3T3-L1 cells were cultured in BASIC DMEM (Gibco, C11965500BT) supplemented with 10%fetal bovine serum (Corning 35-081-CV) and 1%penicillin / streptomycin (Invitrogen, 15140148) at 37℃, 5%CO2. Prior to the stimulation, both 293T and 3T3-L1 cells were transiently transfected with an expression plasmid encoding human Beta-Klotho (KLB) for 18 h. After starving for 3 h, 293T and 3T3-L1 cells were treated with 300 μL of cell supernatant containing FGF21 variants as described above in Example 4 for 15 min, 30 min, 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 6 h and 24 h. The cells were harvested and lysed in buffer containing inhibitors for phosphatase and proteinase (Beyotime, P1045) at corresponding time point. Cell lysates were subjected to immunoblot analysis by using anti-phospho-ERK (CST, 4370T) and anti-ERK (CST, 9107S) . CircRNA encoded FGF21 variants induced phosphorylation of ERK in 15 min upon stimulation in both 293T and 3T3-L1 cells (Figure 4) .
[0118] Example 6 In vitro Beta-Klotho luciferase reporter assay
[0119] Luciferase reporter assays were performed in 293T cells stably transfected with human Beta-Klotho and reporter constructs containing 5 × UAS luciferase and GAL4 DNA binding domain fused to Elk1. In this system luciferase expression is regulated by signaling through endogenous phosphorylated ERK. 293T-Klotho-luciferase cells were cultured at 37℃ and 5%CO2 in BASIC DMEM (Gibco, C11965500BT) supplemented with 10%fetal bovine serum (Corning 35-081-CV) , 1%penicillin / streptomycin (Invitrogen, 15140148) , 5 μg / mL blasticidin (Gibco, A1113903) and 2 μg / mL puromycin (Gibco, A1113803) . After starving for 3 h, 293T-Klotho-luciferase cells were treated with 300 μL of cell supernatant containing FGF21 variants as described above in Example 4. Cells were harvested 24 h post-treatment. The Steady-Glo Luciferase Assay System (Promega, E2520) was used to monitor firefly luciferase activity. Luminescence was measured on Spark Multimode Microplate Reader (TECAN) . CircRNA encoded FGF-21variants activated the ERK-driven luciferase reporter in the stable cell line (Figure 5) .
[0120] Example 7 In vitro potency of circRNA encoded FGF21 variants and recombinant FGF21 protein
[0121] The recombinant human FGF21 protein (rhFGF21 protein, SEQ ID NO: 74) was expressed using HEK293 cells and purified (Biointron Biological Inc) . In addition, 293T cells were transfected with circRNA-FGF21-008, circRNA-FGF21-022, circRNA-FGF21-028, circRNA-FGF21-034, circRNA-FGF21-040, circRNA-FGF21-046 and circRNA-FGF21-047. The supernatant was collected 24 h after transfection. ELISA was applied to determine the FGF21 protein concentration of supernatant. Briefly, the supernatant was diluted in PBS at 1: 50 ratio and added into plates pre-coated with anti-FGF21 antibodies (Beyotime, PF313) . Color development using tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) substrate was read at an optical density of 450 nm. The standard curve of ELISA was plotted using a four-parameter fit algorithm and the OD450 nm value of measured supernatant were assigned in relation to the standard curve.
[0122] In vitro activities of the FGF21 variants and recombinant FGF21 protein were determined via the luciferase reporter assay as described in Example 6. In brief, a two-fold serial dilution for supernatant containing FGF21 or rhFGF21 protein. Next, 293T-Klotho-luciferase cells, which were starved for 2 h, were treated with 100 μL of diluted supernatant containing FGF21 or rhFGF21 protein. The Steady-Glo Luciferase Assay System (Promega, E2520) was used to detect firefly luciferase reporter gene expression. Luminescence was measured using Spark Multimode Microplate Reader (TECAN) . EC50 value was analyzed by the four-parameter model. As shown in Figure 6, the in vitro activity of circRNA-FGF21-008, circRNA-FGF21-022, circRNA-FGF21-028, circRNA-FGF21-034, or circRNA-FGF21-040 is more potent than that of rhFGF21.
[0123] Example 8 Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) in BKS-db wildtype mice
[0124] The male BKS-db wildtype mice (8~9 weeks) were maintained in SPF (JiangSu GemPharmatech Biotechnology Co., LTD) . The mice were divided into 5 groups based on blood glucose level and body weight. After a 5-6 h fast, the animals were intravenously administrated with 0.35 nmol / kg of circRNA-FGF21-008, circRNA-FGF21-022, circRNA-FGF21-028, circRNA-FGF21-040 or vehicle. All animals were given 1 g / kg of glucose solution orally 4 h after administration. Blood glucose was measured at 15, 30, 60 and 120 min following test. The circRNA encoded FGF21 variants with different half-life extension strategies can lower the blood glucose level (Figure 7) .
[0125] Example 9 Pharmacokinetics in C57BL / 6
[0126] Six male C57BL / 6 mouse were administered as 0.7 nmol / kg of circRNA-FGF21-008 by a single intravenous injection. Blood was harvested at pre-dose (0 hour) and 2, 6, 24, 72, 120, 168, 240, 336, 408, 480 hours post-dose. ELISA was applied to determine serum concentrations of circRNA encoded the FGF21 variant. Briefly, sera were diluted in PBS at 1: 50 ratio and added into plates pre-coated with anti-FGF21 antibodies (Beyotime) . Color development using tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) substrate was read at an optical density of 450 nm.
[0127] The standard curve of ELISA was plotted using a four-parameter fit algorithm and the OD450 nm value of measured sera (Figure 8) were assigned in relation to the standard curve. Obtained plasma concentrations from ELISA were used to determine the represented pharmacokinetic parameter values. Noncompartmental analysis was used to calculate serum clearance and steady-state volume of distribution. The mean elimination half-life is approximately 2.3 days. The half life of FGF21-Fc encoded by linear mRNA or rhFGF21 has been reported to be 8.9 h and 7.1 h respectively (Bartesaghi, Stefano et al. Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids. 2022) , however, a more than 6-fold longer half-life was observed following circRNA-FGF21-008 administration compared with that of linear mRNA or rhFGF21.
[0128] Example 10 The efficacy in western diet induced BKS-db / db mice
[0129] The male BKS-db / db mice (8~9 weeks) with SPF (JiangSu GemPharmatech Biotechnology Co., LTD) were maintained on a 12h / 12h light / dark cycle with free access to food and water. The mice were acclimatized for one week before the start of study. The mice were randomized into groups of 4 based on blood glucose level and body weight. After grouping, the diabetic BKS-db / db were fed with western diet during the experiment. Mice were injected with indicated doses of testing agents (Semaglutide, 10 nmol / kg s.c. Q3D; circRNA-FGF21-003, 1.1 nmol / kg, i.v. QW; circRNA-FGF21-008, 0.7 nmol / kg, i.v. QW) or vehicle for four weeks. The body weight was recorded twice weekly. The circRNA-FGF21-003 used here is a circular RNA consisting of CVB3-IRES sequence (SEQ ID NO: 14) and coding sequence of FGF21 variant 1 (SEQ ID NO: 17) . The circRNA-FGF21-008 used here is a circular RNA consisting of CVB3-IRES sequence (SEQ ID NO: 14) and Coding sequence of SP1 -IgG1 Fc -linker 1 -FGF21 variant 2 (SEQ ID NO: 22) . Blood lipid changed level was measured by Chemistry Analyzer (Hitachi) . The HbA1c level was estimated via Afinion 2 analyzer. As a result, mice treated with these two FGF21 variants showed clear body weight reduction (Figure 9) . Total cholesterol (Figure 10) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (Figure 11) levels were significantly decreased when detected 28 days after the treatments.
[0130] Western diet induced BKS-db / db mice could exhibit characteristic features of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) , including hepatic steatosis, lobular inflammation and ballooning. Therefore, Hematoxylin &Eosin staining of liver sections was performed to reveal the effect of circRNA-FGF21-008 on liver pathology. Indeed, circRNA-FGF21-008 could slightly reduce hepatic ballooning and lobular inflammation. And circRNA-FGF21-008 significantly decreased hepatic steatosis when compared to semaglutide (Figure 12 and Table 1) . Overall, circRNA-FGF21-008 ameliorates metabolic dysfunction in western diet induced BKS-db / db mice.
[0131] Table 1
[0132] Example 11 The effect of circRNAs with different administration routes in western diet induced BKS-db / db mice
[0133] The male diabetic BKS-db / db mice (8~9 weeks) were used (JiangSu GemPharmatech Biotechnology Co., LTD) . The mice were divided into 4 groups according to blood glucose level and body weight. After grouping, the diabetic BKS-db / db were fed with western diet during the experiment. The wild BKS mice were given a continuous normal chow diet. Mice were treated with 5.4 nmol / kg rhFGF21 protein (s.c., QW) , 0.7 nmol / kg circRNA-FGF21-008 (i.v. or s.c., QW) or vehicle for four weeks. The body weight was recorded weekly. Blood lipid changed level was measured by Chemistry Analyzer (Hitachi) . After treatment, rhFGF21 protein and circRNA-FGF21-008 could reduce the bodyweight (Figure 13) . In particular, subcutaneous administration of circRNA-FGF21-008 cause greater bodyweight loss compared to that of rhFGF21 protein. In addition, circRNA-FGF21-008 remarkably lowered total cholesterol (Figure 14) and LDL-C (Figure 15) levels compared to the vehicle group.
[0134] Example 12 Anti-obesity effect of circRNA-FGF21 on diet induced obese (DIO) mice
[0135] Diet induced obesity rodent model (JiangSu GemPharmatech Biotechnology Co., LTD) was generated by high-fat diet feeding for over 10 weeks. After one-week acclimation, the mice were randomized into groups of 3 based on blood glucose level and body weight. The DIO mice were administered with 10 nmol / kg semaglutide (s.c., Q3D) , 0.7 nmol / kg circRNA-FGF21-008 (s.c., QW) or vehicle for four weeks. The body weight was recorded twice weekly. At the end of the study, the body composition was determined by the nuclear magnetic resonance system (Body Composition Analyzer QMR-06-060H, Niumag, China) . Blood lipid levels were assessed by Chemistry Analyzer (Hitachi) . Subcutaneously injected circRNA-FGF21-008 could decrease the body weight of DIO mice. The reduction of body weight caused by circRNA-FGF21-008 was comparable to the semaglutide-treated DIO mice (Figure 16) . Consistent with other reports, semaglutide significantly decreased both fat and lean mass after treatment. However, circRNA-FGF21-008 could remarkably reduce fat mass (Figure 17) while preserving lean mass (Figure 18) . In addition, total cholesterol level was lowered with both semaglutide and circRNA-FGF21-008 than with vehicle (Figure 19) . Therefore, treatment with circRNA-FGF21-008 exhibited superior weight loss versus semaglutide, predominantly due to fat mass reduction and lean mass preservation.
[0136] Meanwhile, the blood glucose concentration was measured after 5 h of fasting. In addition, OGTT was performed after a 5-6 h fast, all animals were given 1 g / kg of glucose solution orally. Blood glucose was measured at 15, 30, 60 and 120 min following glucose treatment. Reduction of the blood glucose level was observed in the fast blood glucose of DIO mice (Figure 20) or OGTT (Table 2) , indicating restoration of glucose homeostasis in DIO mice after circRNA-FGF21-008 treatment. Greater weight loss and glucose lowering were produced by circRNA-FGF21-008 than by semaglutide in DIO mice.
[0137] Table 2
[0138] Example 12 The activation of c-fos signaling in central nervous system of mice
[0139] The male C57BL / 6J mice were maintained in specific pathogen-free facilities at Youshu life. To study the brain areas activated, which is marked with c-fos, by circRNA-FGF21-008 to mediate the appetite, mice were either subcutaneously injected semaglutide for 4 h (10 nmol / kg) , intravenously injected circRNA-FGF21-008 (0.7 nmol / kg) for 6 h, or subcutaneously injected circRNA-FGF21-008 for 24 h (0.7 nmol / kg) . The brain was collected and further fixed in 4%formalin at 4℃ overnight, followed by standard dehydration and paraffin embedding. Sections were subjected to immunofluorescence for c-fos signaling in different brain regions (Servicebio) . The c-fos signal intensity of each brain region was quantified by Fiji under 20 × magnificent view.
[0140] Following the administration of circRNA-FGF21-008, increased c-fos activity was observed in brain stem e.g. vascular organ of the lamina terminalis (OV) , area postrema (AP) , and forebrain e.g. Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis (BST) , lateral preoptic area (LPO) , Central amygdala nucleus (CeA) , lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) , parasubthalamic nucleus (PSTN) , and midline group of the dorsal thalamus (MTN) (Figure 21) . Aboved-named brain areas are associated with food intake and appetite, however, the c-fos signaling was not activated in subfornical organ (SFO) , parabrachial nucleus (PB) , dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve (DMX) , and nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) . Even though there is a lack of blood-brain barrier, the FGF21 receptors may not be abundant in SFO and PB regions. In addition, DMX and NTS regions are protected by blood-brain barrier, which is not easily crossed by circRNA-FGF21-008 to activate its cascade signaling. Notably, the activation of c-fos activity in BST, CeA, and AP by circRNA-FGF21-008 was slightly different probably due to the administration route.
[0141] Having now fully described the methods, compounds, and compositions herein, it will be understood by those of skill in the art that the same can be performed within a wide and equivalent range of conditions, formulations, and other parameters without affecting the scope of the methods, compounds, and compositions provided herein or any embodiment thereof.
[0142] All patents, patent applications, and publications cited herein are fully incorporated by reference herein in their entirety.
[0143] Sequence listing
[0144] The nucleotide sequence shown herein can represent RNA or amino acid sequence and can be converted into a WIPO standard ST. 26 sequence listing.
[0145] Table 1. The Sequence Numbers Used in the Invention
[0146] Amino acid sequence of wildtype FGF21
[0147] SEQ ID NO: 1
[0148] Amino acid sequence of FGF21 variant 1 (aa1-28; aa33-209, L126R, P199G, A208E)
[0149] SEQ ID NO: 2
[0150] Amino acid sequence of FGF21 variant 2 (aa29-209, L126R, P199G, A208E)
[0151] SEQ ID NO: 3
[0152] Amino acid sequence of FGF21 variant 3 (aa29-209, L126R, L174P, P199G)
[0153] SEQ ID NO: 4
[0154] Amino acid sequence of SP1 -IgG1 Fc -linker 1 -FGF21 variant 2
[0155] SEQ ID NO: 5
[0156] Amino acid sequence of SP2 -IgG1 Fc -linker 4 -FGF21 variant 3
[0157] SEQ ID NO: 6
[0158] Amino acid sequence of SP1 -IgG1 Fc (YTE) -linker 1 -FGF21 variant 2
[0159] SEQ ID NO: 7
[0160] Amino acid sequence of SP1 -ABD -linker2 -FGF21 variant 2
[0161] SEQ ID NO: 8
[0162] Amino acid sequence of SP1 -anti-albumin VHH -linker2 -FGF21 variant 2
[0163] SEQ ID NO: 9
[0164] Amino acid sequence of SP3 -GLP-1 –linker3 -ABD -linker2 -FGF21 variant 2
[0165] SEQ ID NO: 10
[0166] Amino acid sequence of SP3 -GLP-1 -linker2 -anti-albumin VHH -linker2 -FGF21 variant 2
[0167] SEQ ID NO: 11
[0168] Amino acid sequence of SP3 -GLP-1 -linker1 -IgG1 Fc -linker1 -FGF21 variant 2
[0169] SEQ ID NO: 12
[0170] Amino acid sequence of SP3 -GLP-1 -linker1 -IgG4 Fc -linker1 -FGF21 variant 2
[0171] SEQ ID NO: 13
[0172] CVB3-IRES
[0173] SEQ ID NO: 14
[0174] Coding sequence of FGF21 variant 1
[0175] SEQ ID NO: 15
[0176] Coding sequence of FGF21 variant 1
[0177] SEQ ID NO: 16
[0178] Coding sequence of FGF21 variant 1
[0179] SEQ ID NO: 17
[0180] Coding sequence of FGF21 variant 1
[0181] SEQ ID NO: 18
[0182] Coding sequence of FGF21 variant 1
[0183] SEQ ID NO: 19
[0184] Coding sequence of FGF21 variant 1
[0185] SEQ ID NO: 20
[0186] Coding sequence of SP1 -IgG1 Fc -linker 1 -FGF21 variant 2
[0187] SEQ ID NO: 21
[0188] Coding sequence of SP1 -IgG1 Fc -linker 1 -FGF21 variant 2
[0189] SEQ ID NO: 22
[0190] Coding sequence of SP1 -IgG1 Fc -linker 1 -FGF21 variant 2
[0191] SEQ ID NO: 23
[0192] Coding sequence of SP1 -IgG1 Fc -linker 1 -FGF21 variant 2
[0193] SEQ ID NO: 24
[0194] Coding sequence of SP1 -IgG1 Fc -linker 1 -FGF21 variant 2
[0195] SEQ ID NO: 25
[0196] Coding sequence of SP1 -IgG1 Fc-linker 1 -FGF21 variant 2
[0197] SEQ ID NO: 26
[0198] Coding sequence of SP1 -IgG1 Fc -linker 1 -FGF21 variant 2
[0199] SEQ ID NO: 27
[0200] Coding sequence of SP1 -IgG1 Fc (YTE) -linker 1 -FGF21 variant 2
[0201] SEQ ID NO: 28
[0202] Coding sequence of SP1 -IgG1 Fc (YTE) -linker 1 -FGF21 variant 2
[0203] SEQ ID NO: 29
[0204] Coding sequence of SP1 -IgG1 Fc (YTE) -linker 1 -FGF21 variant 2
[0205] SEQ ID NO: 30
[0206] Coding sequence of SP1 -IgG1 Fc (YTE) -linker 1 -FGF21 variant 2
[0207] SEQ ID NO: 31
[0208] Coding sequence of SP1 -IgG1 Fc (YTE) -linker 1 -FGF21 variant 2
[0209] SEQ ID NO: 32
[0210] Coding sequence of SP1 -IgG1 Fc (YTE) -linker 1 -FGF21 variant 2
[0211] SEQ ID NO: 33
[0212] Coding sequence of SP1 -IgG1 Fc (YTE) -linker 1 -FGF21 variant 2
[0213] SEQ ID NO: 34
[0214] Coding sequence of SP2 -IgG1 Fc -linker 4 -FGF21 variant 3
[0215] SEQ ID NO: 35
[0216] Coding sequence of SP1 -ABD -linker2 -FGF21 variant 2
[0217] SEQ ID NO: 36
[0218] Coding sequence of SP1 -ABD -linker2 -FGF21 variant 2
[0219] SEQ ID NO: 37
[0220] Coding sequence of SP1 -ABD -linker2 -FGF21 variant 2
[0221] SEQ ID NO: 38
[0222] Coding sequence of SP1 -ABD -linker2 -FGF21 variant 2
[0223] SEQ ID NO: 39
[0224] Coding sequence of SP1 -ABD -linker2 -FGF21 variant 2
[0225] SEQ ID NO: 40
[0226] Coding sequence of SP1 -ABD -linker2 -FGF21 variant 2
[0227] SEQ ID NO: 41
[0228] Coding sequence of SP1 -anti-albumin VHH -linker2 -FGF21 variant 2
[0229] SEQ ID NO: 42
[0230] Coding sequence of SP1 -anti-albumin VHH -linker2 -FGF21 variant 2
[0231] SEQ ID NO: 43
[0232] Coding sequence of SP1 -anti-albumin VHH -linker2 -FGF21 variant 2
[0233] SEQ ID NO: 44
[0234] Coding sequence of SP1 -anti-albumin VHH -linker2 -FGF21 variant 2
[0235] SEQ ID NO: 45
[0236] Coding sequence of SP1 -anti-albumin VHH -linker2 -FGF21 variant 2
[0237] SEQ ID NO: 46
[0238] Coding sequence of SP1 -anti-albumin VHH -linker2 -FGF21 variant 2
[0239] SEQ ID NO: 47
[0240] Coding sequence of SP3 -GLP-1 –linker3 -ABD -linker2 -FGF21 variant 2
[0241] SEQ ID NO: 48
[0242] Coding sequence of SP3 -GLP-1 –linker3 -ABD -linker2 -FGF21 variant 2
[0243] SEQ ID NO: 49
[0244] Coding sequence of SP3 -GLP-1 –linker3 -ABD -linker2 -FGF21 variant 2
[0245] SEQ ID NO: 50
[0246] Coding sequence of SP3 -GLP-1 –linker3 -ABD -linker2 -FGF21 variant 2
[0247] SEQ ID NO: 51
[0248] Coding sequence of SP3 -GLP-1 –linker3 -ABD -linker2 -FGF21 variant 2
[0249] SEQ ID NO: 52
[0250] Coding sequence of SP3 -GLP-1 -linker3 -ABD -linker2 -FGF21 variant 2
[0251] SEQ ID NO: 53
[0252] Coding sequence of SP3 -GLP-1 -linker2 -anti-albumin VHH -linker2 -FGF21 variant 2
[0253] SEQ ID NO: 54
[0254] Coding sequence of SP3 -GLP-1 -linker2 -anti-albumin VHH -linker2 -FGF21 variant 2
[0255] SEQ ID NO: 55
[0256] Coding sequence of SP3 -GLP-1 -linker2 -anti-albumin VHH -linker2 -FGF21 variant 2
[0257] SEQ ID NO: 56
[0258] Coding sequence of SP3 -GLP-1 -linker2 -anti-albumin VHH -linker2 -FGF21 variant 2
[0259] SEQ ID NO: 57
[0260] Coding sequence of SP3 -GLP-1 -linker2 -anti-albumin VHH -linker2 -FGF21 variant 2
[0261] SEQ ID NO: 58
[0262] Coding sequence of SP3 -GLP-1 -linker2 -anti-albumin VHH -linker2 -FGF21 variant 2
[0263] SEQ ID NO: 59
[0264] Coding sequence of SP3 -IgG1 Fc -linker1 -FGF21 variant 2
[0265] SEQ ID NO: 60
[0266] Coding sequence of SP3 -GLP-1 -linker1 -IgG4 Fc -linker1 -FGF21 variant 2
[0267] SEQ ID NO: 61
[0268] Amino acid sequence of a signal peptide 1 (SP1)
[0269] SEQ ID NO: 62
[0270] Amino acid sequence of a signal peptide 2 (SP2)
[0271] SEQ ID NO: 63
[0272] Amino acid sequence of a signal peptide 2 (SP3)
[0273] SEQ ID NO: 64
[0274] Amino acid sequence of IgG 1 Fc
[0275] SEQ ID NO: 65
[0276] Amino acid sequence of IgG 1 Fc (YTE)
[0277] SEQ ID NO: 66
[0278] Amino acid sequence of IgG 4 Fc
[0279] SEQ ID NO: 67
[0280] Amino acid sequence of Albumin binding domain
[0281] SEQ ID NO: 68
[0282] Amino acid sequence of VHH antibody against human albumin
[0283] SEQ ID NO: 69
[0284] Amino acid sequence of linker 1
[0285] SEQ ID NO: 70
[0286] Amino acid sequence of linker 2
[0287] SEQ ID NO: 71
[0288] Amino acid sequence of linker 3
[0289] SEQ ID NO: 72
[0290] Amino acid sequence of linker 4
[0291] SEQ ID NO: 73
[0292] Amino acid sequence of recombinant human FGF21
[0293] SEQ ID NO: 74
[0294] Coding sequence of FGF21 variant 2
[0295] SEQ ID NO: 75
[0296] Coding sequence of FGF21 variant 2
[0297] SEQ ID NO: 76
[0298] Coding sequence of FGF21 variant 2
[0299] SEQ ID NO: 77
[0300] Coding sequence of FGF21 variant 2
[0301] SEQ ID NO: 78
[0302] Coding sequence of FGF21 variant 2
[0303] SEQ ID NO: 79
[0304] Coding sequence of FGF21 variant 2
[0305] SEQ ID NO: 80
[0306] Coding sequence of FGF21 variant 2
[0307] SEQ ID NO: 81
[0308] Coding sequence of FGF21 variant 2
[0309] SEQ ID NO: 82
[0310] Coding sequence of FGF21 variant 2
[0311] SEQ ID NO: 83
[0312] Coding sequence of FGF21 variant 2
[0313] SEQ ID NO: 84
[0314] Coding sequence of FGF21 variant 2
[0315] SEQ ID NO: 85
[0316] Coding sequence of FGF21 variant 2
[0317] SEQ ID NO: 86
[0318] Coding sequence of FGF21 variant 2
[0319] SEQ ID NO: 87
[0320] Coding sequence of FGF21 variant 2
[0321] SEQ ID NO: 88
[0322] Coding sequence of FGF21 variant 2
[0323] SEQ ID NO: 89
[0324] Coding sequence of FGF21 variant 2
[0325] SEQ ID NO: 90
[0326] Coding sequence of FGF21 variant 2
[0327] SEQ ID NO: 91
[0328] Coding sequence of FGF21 variant 2
[0329] SEQ ID NO: 92
[0330] Coding sequence of FGF21 variant 2
[0331] SEQ ID NO: 93
[0332] Coding sequence of FGF21 variant 2
[0333] SEQ ID NO: 94
[0334] Coding sequence of FGF21 variant 2
[0335] SEQ ID NO: 95
[0336] Coding sequence of FGF21 variant 2
[0337] SEQ ID NO: 96
[0338] Coding sequence of FGF21 variant 2
[0339] SEQ ID NO: 97
[0340] Coding sequence of FGF21 variant 2
[0341] SEQ ID NO: 98
[0342] Coding sequence of FGF21 variant 2
[0343] SEQ ID NO: 99
[0344] Coding sequence of FGF21 variant 2
[0345] SEQ ID NO: 100
[0346] Coding sequence of FGF21 variant 2
[0347] SEQ ID NO: 101
[0348] Coding sequence of FGF21 variant 2
[0349] SEQ ID NO: 102
[0350] Coding sequence of FGF21 variant 2
[0351] SEQ ID NO: 103
[0352] Coding sequence of FGF21 variant 2
[0353] SEQ ID NO: 104
[0354] Coding sequence of FGF21 variant 2
[0355] SEQ ID NO: 105
[0356] Coding sequence of FGF21 variant 2
[0357] SEQ ID NO: 106
[0358] Coding sequence of FGF21 variant 2
[0359] SEQ ID NO: 107
[0360] Coding sequence of FGF21 variant 2
[0361] SEQ ID NO: 108
[0362] Coding sequence of FGF21 variant 2
[0363] SEQ ID NO: 109
[0364] Coding sequence of FGF21 variant 2
[0365] SEQ ID NO: 110
[0366] Coding sequence of FGF21 variant 2
[0367] SEQ ID NO: 111
[0368] Coding sequence of FGF21 variant 2
[0369] SEQ ID NO: 112
[0370] Coding sequence of FGF21 variant 3
[0371] SEQ ID NO: 113
[0372] Amino acid sequence of GLP-1 variant 1
[0373] SEQ ID NO: 114
[0374] Coding sequence of GLP-1 variant 1
[0375] SEQ ID NO: 115
[0376] Coding sequence of GLP-1 variant 1
[0377] SEQ ID NO: 116
[0378] Coding sequence of GLP-1 variant 1
[0379] SEQ ID NO: 117
[0380] Coding sequence of GLP-1 variant 1
[0381] SEQ ID NO: 118
[0382] Coding sequence of GLP-1 variant 1
[0383] SEQ ID NO: 119
[0384] Coding sequence of GLP-1 variant 1
[0385] SEQ ID NO: 120
[0386] Coding sequence of GLP-1 variant 1
[0387] SEQ ID NO: 121
[0388] Coding sequence of GLP-1 variant 1
[0389] SEQ ID NO: 122
[0390] Coding sequence of GLP-1 variant 1
[0391] SEQ ID NO: 123
[0392] Coding sequence of GLP-1 variant 1
[0393] SEQ ID NO: 124
[0394] Coding sequence of GLP-1 variant 1
[0395] SEQ ID NO: 125
[0396] Coding sequence of GLP-1 variant 1
[0397] SEQ ID NO: 126
[0398] Coding sequence of GLP-1 variant 1
[0399] SEQ ID NO: 127
Claims
1.A circular RNA, comprising a regulatory element and an expression element comprising a polynucleotide encoding FGF21 or a variant thereof.2.The circular RNA of claim 1, wherein the regulatory element comprises an internal ribosomal entry site (IRES) or a fragment thereof.3.The circular RNA of claim 2, wherein the IRES is selected from the group consisting of Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) IRES, Enterovirus 71 (EV71) IRES, encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) IRES, picornavirus (PV) IRES, hepatitis C virus (HCV) IRES, adenovirus (AdV) IRES, human papillomavirus type 31 (HPV31) IRES, human herpesvirus (HHV) IRES, Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) IRES, classical swine fever virus (CSFV) IRES, FGF9 IRES, SLC7A1 IRES, and RUNX1 IRES, preferably the IRES is CVB3 IRES (SEQ ID NO: 14) .4.The circular RNA of any one of preceding claims, wherein the polynucleotide encoding FGF21 or a variant thereof has at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 98%, at least 99%or 100%identity with the sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO: 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112 or 113, preferably the polynucleotide encoding FGF21 or a variant thereof is set forth as SEQ ID NO: 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112 or 113, more preferably the polynucleotide encoding FGF21 or a variant thereof is set forth as SEQ ID NO: 17, 76, 89, 95, 101, 107 or 113.5.The circular RNA of any one of preceding claims, wherein the amino acid sequence of FGF21 or a variant thereof is set forth as SEQ ID NO: 1, 2, 3, 4 or 74.6.The circular RNA of any one of preceding claims, wherein the expression element comprising a polynucleotide encoding Fc, ABD or anti-albumin VHH, optionally the circular RNA comprises a polynucleotide encoding GLP-1 or a variant thereof.7.The circular RNA of claim 6, wherein the expression element comprising a polynucleotide encoding a linker between the Fc and the FGF21 or a variant thereof, between the ABD and the FGF21 or a variant thereof, or between the anti-albumin VHH and the FGF21 or a variant thereof.8.The circular RNA of claim 7, wherein the amino acid sequence of the linker is set forth as SEQ ID NO: 70, 71, 72 or 73.9.The circular RNA of claim 7 or 8, comprising, in the following order from 5’ to 3’, the polynucleotide encoding the Fc (or the ABD or the anti-albumin VHH) , the polynucleotide encoding the linker and the polynucleotide encoding FGF21 or a variant thereof;optionally, the circular RNA comprises, in the following order from 5’ to 3’, the polynucleotide encoding GLP-1 or a variant thereof, the polynucleotide encoding a linker, the polynucleotide encoding the Fc (or the ABD or the anti-albumin VHH) , the polynucleotide encoding a linker and the polynucleotide encoding FGF21 or a variant thereof.10.The circular RNA of claim 6, wherein the Fc comprises one or more mutations, preferably the Fc comprises YTE mutations.11.The circular RNA of claim 6, wherein the Fc is selected from the group consisting of IgG1 Fc, IgG2 Fc, IgG3 Fc and IgG4 Fc, preferably the Fc is IgG1 Fc.12.The circular RNA of claim 6, wherein the amino acid sequence of Fc is set forth as SEQ ID NO: 65, 66 or 67, the amino acid sequence of ABD is set forth as SEQ ID NO: 68 or the amino acid sequence of anti-albumin VHH is set forth as SEQ ID NO: 69.13.The circular RNA of claim 9, wherein the polynucleotide encoding GLP-1 or a variant thereof is set forth as SEQ ID NO: 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126 or 127; and / or the amino acid sequence of the GLP-1 or a variant thereof is set forth as SEQ ID NO: 114.14.The circular RNA of any one of preceding claims, comprising a polynucleotide encoding a signal peptide,optionally, the circular RNA comprises, in the following order from 5’ to 3’, a polynucleotide encoding a signal peptide, a polynucleotide encoding Fc (or ABD or anti-albumin VHH) , a polynucleotide encoding a linker and a polynucleotide encoding FGF21 or a variant thereof;optionally, the circular RNA comprises, in the following order from 5’ to 3’, a polynucleotide encoding a signal peptide, a polynucleotide encoding GLP-1 or a variant thereof, a polynucleotide encoding a linker, a polynucleotide encoding Fc (or ABD or anti-albumin VHH) , a polynucleotide encoding a linker and a polynucleotide encoding FGF21 or a variant thereof.15.The circular RNA of claim 14, wherein the amino acid sequence of the signal peptide is set forth as SEQ ID NO: 62, 63 or 64.16.The circular RNA of any one of preceding claims, wherein the expression element comprising the sequence having at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 98%, at least 99%or 100%identity with the sequence set forth as any one of SEQ ID NOs: 21-61, preferably the expression element comprising the sequence set forth as any one of SEQ ID NOs: 21-61, more preferably, the expression element comprising the sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO: 22, 36, 42, 48, 54, 60 and 61, most preferably, the expression element comprising the sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO: 22.17.A composition comprising the circular RNA of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the composition comprises pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.18.The composition of claim 17, wherein the composition comprises nanoparticles, for example, lipid nanoparticles.19.A method for treating a disease in a subject, comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of the circular RNA of any one of claims 1-16 to the subject or the composition of claim 17 or claim 18 to the subject.20.Use of the circular RNA of any one of claims 1-16 or the composition of claim 17 or claim 18 in the manufacture of a medicament for treating a disease in a subject.21.The circular RNA of any one of claims 1-16 or the composition of claim 17 or claim 18, for use in treating a disease in a subject.22.The method or use of any one of the claims 19-21, wherein the disease is selected from diabetes mellitus, Type 1 diabetes mellitus, Type 2 diabetes mellitus, malnutrition-related diabetes mellitus, diabetic hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state, hypoglycaemia in the context of diabetes mellitus, diabetic acidosis, diabetic coma, uncontrolled and unstable diabetes mellitus.23.The method or use of any one of the claims 19-21, wherein the disease is selected from hyperlipoproteinaemia, hypercholesterolaemia, hypertriglyceridaemia, mixed hyperlipidaemia, hyperalphalipoproteinaemia, hypolipoproteinaemia, hypoalphalipoproteinaemia and hypobetalipoproteinaemia.24.The method or use of any one of the claims 19-21, wherein the disease is selected from obesity or specific nutrient excesses and nutritional disorders.25.The method or use of any one of the claims 19-21, wherein the disease is selected from non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) or hepatic steatosis.26.The method or use of any one of the claims 19-21, wherein the treating disease is reducing the risk of cardiovascular events.27.The method or use of claim 26, wherein the subject is an adult with type 2 diabetes mellitus and established cardiovascular disease.28.The method or use of claims 19-21, wherein the disease is selected from metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) or steatohepatitis (MASH) .29.A method for reducing body weight in a subject, comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of the circular RNA of any one of claims 1-16 to the subject or the composition of claim 17 or claim 18 to the subject, wherein the method does not reduce the lean muscle mass of the subject.30.A method for reducing fat in a subject, comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of the circular RNA of any one of claims 1-16 to the subject or the composition of claim 17 or claim 18 to the subject, wherein the method does not reduce the lean muscle mass of the subject.31.A method for reducing body weight in a subject, wherein the method comprises administering a therapeutically effective amount of the circular RNA of any one of claims 1-16 to the subject or the composition of claim 17 or claim 18 to the subject.32.A method for reducing total cholesterol, LDL-C or blood glucose in a subject, wherein the method comprises administering a therapeutically effective amount of the circular RNA of any one of claims 1-16 to the subject or the composition of claim 17 or claim 18 to the subject.
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