Opportunistic transmission for user equipment operating full duplex

Abstract

A user equipment (UE) receives configuration information for transmission, such as duplicated uplink grants or configured-grant-based UL, including a first component for simultaneously transmitting from multiple groups of antennas and a second component for transmitting from one group of antennas. The UE determines whether to transmit a scheduled signal based on either the first or second component, depending on whether there is also a reception, such as a downlink reception, co-scheduled for the UE.

Description

OPPORTUNISTIC TRANSMISSION FOR USER EQUIPMENT OPERATING FULL DUPLEXCROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 604,704, filed November 30, 2023, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.BACKGROUND

[0002] In 5G radio access networks (RAN), attempts have been made to improve conventional time division duplex (TDD) operation by enhancing uplink (UL) coverage, improving capacity, reducing latency, as well as other enhancements. The conventional TDD is based on splitting the time domain between the uplink and downlink from a next generation node (gNB) perspective. There is a need for allowing full duplex at the gNB within a conventional TDD band while UE is operating with a half-duplex (HD) Operation based on HD may imply the UE may either transmit an uplink (UL) signal or receive a downlink (DL) signal on a symbol(s), not performing simultaneously transmitting the UL signal and receive the DL signal on the same symbol(s)SUMMARY

[0003] Embodiments disclosed herein include a wireless transmit receive unit (WTRU) and a method performed thereby. In some embodiments, the WTRU may include a plurality of groups of antennas, wherein each group of antennas may include two or more antennas. In some embodiments, the WTRU may include a receiver that is configured to receive information. In some embodiments, the WTRU may also include a transmitter that is configured to transmit other information. In some embodiments, the WTRU may also include a processor that is configured to process information and perform determinations.

[0004] Some embodiments include receiving configuration information for transmission, wherein the configuration information for a transmission may include at least a first component for simultaneously transmitting from two or more groups of antennas of the plurality of groups of antennas and a second component for transmitting from one or more groups of antennas of the plurality of groups of antennas. The first component may use more groups of antennas than the second component. Embodiments include transmitting a first signal using the first component or the second component based on whether a second signal is co-scheduled for reception by the WTRU while the WTRU is scheduled to transmit the first signal.

[0005] In some embodiments, the configuration information is received from at least one transmission / reception point.

[0006] Some embodiments include reporting whether the first component or the second component is for transmitting the first signal.

[0007] Some embodiments include determining that the second signal is not co-scheduled for reception by the WTRU while the WTRU is scheduled to transmit the first signal, and transmitting the first signal using the first component.

[0008] Some embodiments include transmitting at least a first portion of the first signal to a first transmission / reception point using a first group of antennas of the two or more groups of antennas.

[0009] Some embodiments include simultaneously transmitting at least a second portion of the first signal to a second transmission / reception point using a second group of antennas of the two or more groups of antennas.

[0010] Some embodiments include transmitting at least a first portion of the first signal to a first transmission / reception point using a first group of antennas of the two or more groups of antennas.

[0011] Some embodiments include simultaneously transmitting at least a second portion of the first signal to the first transmission / reception point using a second group of antennas of the two or more groups of antennas.

[0012] Some embodiments include determining that the second signal is co-scheduled for reception by the WTRU while the WTRU is scheduled to transmit the first signal, and transmitting the first signal using the second component.

[0013] Some embodiments include transmitting the first signal using the one or more groups of antennas while receiving the second signal using at least another group of antennas different than the one or more groups of antennas.

[0014] Embodiments disclosed herein include a transmission / reception point (TRP) and a method performed thereby In some embodiments, the TRP includes a transmitter. In some embodiments, the WTRU may include a receiver that is configured to receive information. In some embodiments, the TRP may also include a transmitter that is configured to transmit other information. In some embodiments, the TRP may also include a processor that is configured to process information and perform determinations.

[0015] Some embodiments include transmitting configuration information to a wireless transmit receive unit (WTRU) to be used by the WTRU for transmission. In some embodiments, the configuration information includes at least a first component for the WTRU to use to simultaneously transmit from two or more groups of antennas and a second component for the WTRU to use to transmit from one or more groups of antennas. In some embodiments, the first component uses more groups of antennas than the second component

[0016] Some embodiments include receiving a first signal from the WTRU that is based on the first component or the second component based on whether a second signal is co-scheduled for reception by the WTRU while the WTRU is scheduled to transmit the first signal

[0017] Some embodiments include receiving a report from the WTRU whether the first component or the second component is for transmission of the first signal.

[0018] In some embodiments, the second signal is not co-scheduled for reception by the WTRU while the WTRU is scheduled to transmit the first signal. Some embodiments include receiving the first signal, wherein the first signal is based on the first component.

[0019] In some embodiments, the second signal is co-scheduled for reception by the WTRU while the WTRU is scheduled to transmit the first signal. Some embodiments include receiving the first signal, wherein the first signal is based on the second component.

[0020] In some embodiments, the one or more groups of antennas is a subset of the two or more groups of antennas such that the one or more groups of antennas include common antennas with the two or more groups of antennas.

[0021] In some embodiments, the second signal is co-scheduled for reception by the WTRU while the WTRU is scheduled to transmit the first signal when a condition is satisfied that conflicts with the WTRU using the two or more groups of antennas to transmit the first signal.

[0022] In some embodiments, the condition is satisfied based on one or more of: (a) both the second signal is scheduled for reception by the WTRU and the WTRU is scheduled to transmit the first signal in a same symbol, a same time slot, or a time period; (b) a beam relation of the first signal and the second signal; (c) a frequency distance between first signal and the second signal; and (d) a transmission power or transmission power headroom of the WTRU.

[0023] In some embodiments, the first signal is an uplink signal.

[0024] In some embodiments, the first signal is a configured-grant-based uplink transmission.

[0025] In some embodiments, the second signal is a downlink signal.

[0026] In some embodiments, the two or more groups of antennas is two groups of antennas and the one or more groups of antennas is one group of antennas

[0027] In some embodiments, each group of antennas of the plurality of groups of antennas is a panel.

[0028] In some embodiments, the first component indicates: a first sounding reference signal resource indicator (SRI), a first transmit precoding matrix index (TPMI), a second SRI, a second TPMI, and a first set of one or more modulation and coding scheme (MCS) fields.

[0029] In some embodiments, the second component indicates: a third SRI, a third TPMI, and a second set of one or more MCS fields.

[0030] In some embodiments, the first set of one or more MCS fields is common to the second set of one or more MCS fields.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] A more detailed understanding may be had from the following description, given by way of example in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals in the figures indicate like elements, and wherein:

[0032] FIG. 1A is a system diagram illustrating an example communications system in which one or more disclosed embodiments may be implemented;

[0033] FIG. 1 B is a system diagram illustrating an example wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) that may be used within the communications system illustrated in FIG. 1A according to an embodiment;

[0034] FIG. 1C is a system diagram illustrating an example radio access network (RAN) and an example core network (CN) that may be used within the communications system illustrated in FIG. 1A according to an embodiment;

[0035] FIG. 1D is a system diagram illustrating a further example RAN and a further example CN that may be used within the communications system illustrated in FIG. 1A according to an embodiment;

[0036] FIG. 2 depicts an example of a subband non-overlapping full duplex (SBFD) configuration in a time division duplex (TDD) framework;

[0037] FIG. 3 depicts an example of inter-gNB and inter-UE cross layer interference (CLI);

[0038] FIG. 4A is a system diagram illustrating an example of transmission using multiple groups of antennas in which the transmission of UL1 may target a first transmit receive point (TRP1) and the transmission of UL2 may target a second TRP (TRP2);

[0039] FIG. 4B is a system diagram illustrating another example of transmission using multiple groups of antennas in which the transmission of UL1 may target TRP1 and the transmission of UL2 may also target TRP1 ; and

[0040] FIG. 4C is a system diagram illustrating an example of fallback to full duplex transmission in which the UE transmits to a TRP1 using a first group of antennas and receives a transmission from TRP2 using a second group of antennas.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] In addition to abbreviations and acronyms within the body of the following detailed description, the following abbreviations and acronyms may be used in the accompanying description:

[0042] CG: Configured grant

[0043] DG: Dynamic grant

[0044] MAC CE: MAC control element

[0045] ACK: Acknowledgement

[0046] BLER: Block Error Rate

[0047] BWP: Bandwidth Part

[0048] C-JT: Coherent Joint Transmission

[0049] CLI: Cross Layer Interference

[0050] CLPC: Closed Loop Power Control

[0051] CORESET: Control Resource Set

[0052] CP: Cyclic Prefix

[0053] CP-OFDM: Conventional OFDM (relying on cyclic prefix)

[0054] CQI: Channel Quality Indicator

[0055] CRC: Cyclic Redundancy Check

[0056] CRI: CSI-RS Resource Indicator

[0057] cri-RSRP: CSI-RS resource indicator-RSRP

[0058] cri-SINR CRI SINR

[0059] CRS: Cell-specific RS

[0060] CSI: Channel State Information

[0061] CSI-IM: CSI for Interference Measurement

[0062] CSI-RS: CSI Reference Signal

[0063] DAI: Downlink Assignment Index

[0064] DCI: Downlink Control Information

[0065] DL: Downlink

[0066] DM-RS: Demodulation Reference Signal

[0067] DRB: Data Radio Bearer

[0068] FD: Full Duplex

[0069] HARQ: Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request

[0070] HD: Half Duplex

[0071] IAB: Integrated Access and Backhaul

[0072] L1-RSRP: Layer1-RSRP

[0073] LI: Layer Index

[0074] LTE: Long Term Evolution for example from 3GPP LTE R8 and up

[0075] NACK: Negative ACK

[0076] M-DCI: Multiple DOI

[0077] MAC: Medium Access Control

[0078] mTRP: Multiple TRP

[0079] MCS: Modulation and Coding Scheme

[0080] MIMO: Multiple Input Multiple Output

[0081] NC-JT : Non-Coherent Joint T ransmission

[0082] NR: New Radio

[0083] NZP: Non-Zero Power

[0084] OFDM: Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing

[0085] OLPC: Open Loop Power Control

[0086] P-MPR: Power Management-Maximum Power Reduction

[0087] PCI: Physical Cell Identity

[0088] PH: Power Headroom

[0089] PHR: Power Headroom Reporting

[0090] PHY: Physical Layer

[0091] PMI: Precoding Matrix Indicator

[0092] PBCH: Physical Broadcast Channel

[0093] PC: Power Control

[0094] PDCCH: Physical Downlink Control Channel

[0095] PDSCH: Physical Downlink Shared Channel

[0096] PL: Pathloss

[0097] PUCCH: Physical Uplink Control Channel

[0098] PUSCH: Physical Uplink Shared Channel

[0099] PRACH: Physical Random Access Channel

[0100] PSS: Primary Synchronization Signal

[0101] PTRS: Phase Tracking Reference Signal

[0102] QCL: Quasi-colocation

[0103] Rl: Rank Indicator

[0104] RACH: Random Access Channel (or procedure)

[0105] RAR: Random Access Response

[0106] RB: Resource Block

[0107] RF: Radio Front end

[0108] RLF: Radio Link Failure

[0109] RLM: Radio Link Monitoring

[0110] RRC: Radio Resource Control

[0111] RS: Reference Signal

[0112] RSRP: Reference Signal Received Power

[0113] RSRQ: Reference Signal Received Quality

[0114] RSSI: Received Signal Strength Indicator

[0115] SDU: Service Data Unit

[0116] SI: Self-Interference

[0117] SINR: Signal-to-lnterference-plus-Noise Ratio

[0118] SL: Sidelink

[0119] SRI SRS Resource Indicator

[0120] SRS: Sounding Reference Signal

[0121] SS: Synchronization Signal

[0122] SS / PBCH: Synchronization Signal / Physical Broadcast Channel

[0123] SSB: SS / PBCH block

[0124] SSBRI: SSB resource indicator

[0125] SSS: Secondary Synchronization Signal

[0126] SPS: Semi-persistent scheduling

[0127] sTRP: Single TRP

[0128] STxML: Simultaneous Tx from Multiple Layer sets

[0129] STxMP: Simultaneous Transmission from Multiple Panels

[0130] SUL: Supplemental Uplink

[0131] TB: Transport Block

[0132] TBS: Transport Block Size

[0133] TCI: Transmission Configuration Indicator

[0134] TDD: Time Division Duplex

[0135] TDMA: Time Division Multiple Access

[0136] TPM I Transmit Precoding Matrix Index

[0137] TRP: Transmission / Reception Point

[0138] UCI: Uplink Control Information

[0139] UE: User Equipment

[0140] UL: Uplink

[0141] URLLC: Ultra-Reliable and Low Latency Communications

[0142] WLAN: Wireless Local Area Networks and related technologies (IEEE 8O2.xx domain)

[0143] WTRU: Wireless Transmit Receive Unit

[0144] XDD: Cross Division Duplex

[0145] As used herein, “a” and "an” and similar terms are to be interpreted as “one or more” and “at least one.” Similarly, any term which ends with the suffix “(s)” is to be interpreted as "one or more” and "at least one.” The term "may” is to be interpreted as “may, for example.”

[0146] As used herein, a symbol 7” (forward slash) may be used herein to represent “and,” “or” or “and / or,” where for example, “A / B” may imply “A and / or B.”

[0147] FIG. 1A is a diagram illustrating an example communications system 100 in which one or more disclosed embodiments may be implemented. The communications system 100 may be a multiple access system that provides content, such as voice, data, video, messaging, broadcast, etc., to multiple wireless users. The communications system 100 may enable multiple wireless users to access such content through the sharing of system resources, including wireless bandwidth. For example, the communications systems 100 may employ one or more channel access methods, such as code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), singlecarrier FDMA (SC-FDMA), zero-tail unique-word discrete Fourier transform Spread OFDM (ZT-UW-DFT-S- OFDM), unique word OFDM (UW-OFDM), resource block-filtered OFDM, filter bank multicarrier (FBMC), and the like.

[0148] As shown in FIG. 1A, the communications system 100 may include WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d, a radio access network (RAN) 104, a core network (CN) 106, a public switched telephone network (PSTN) 108, the Internet 110, and other networks 112, though it will be appreciated that the disclosed embodiments contemplate any number of WTRUs, base stations, networks, and / or network elements. Each of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d may be any type of device configured to operate and / or communicate in a wireless environment By way of example, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d, any of which may be referred to as a station (STA), may be configured to transmit and / or receive wireless signals and may include a UE, a mobile station, a fixed or mobile subscriber unit, a subscription-based unit, a pager, a cellular telephone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a smartphone, a laptop, a netbook, a personal computer, a wireless sensor, a hotspot or Mi-Fi device, an Internet of Things (loT) device, a watch or other wearable, a head-mounted display (HMD), a vehicle, a drone, a medical device and applications (for example, remote surgery), an industrial device and applications (for example, a robot and / or other wireless devices operating in an industrial and / or an automated processing chain contexts), a consumer electronics device, a device operating on commercialand / or industrial wireless networks, and the like. Any of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and 102d may be interchangeably referred to as a UE.

[0149] The communications systems 100 may also include a base station 114a and / or a base station 114b. Each of the base stations 114a, 114b may be any type of device configured to wirelessly interface with at least one of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d to facilitate access to one or more communication networks, such as the CN 106, the Internet 110, and / or the other networks 112. By way of example, the base stations 114a, 114b may be a base transceiver station (BTS), a NodeB, an eNode B (eNB), a Home Node B, a Home eNode B, a next generation NodeB, such as a gNode B (gNB), a new radio (NR) NodeB, a site controller, an access point (AP), a wireless router, and the like. While the base stations 114a, 114b are each depicted as a single element, it will be appreciated that the base stations 114a, 114b may include any number of interconnected base stations and / or network elements.

[0150] The base station 114a may be part of the RAN 104, which may also include other base stations and / or network elements (not shown), such as a base station controller (BSC), a radio network controller (RNC), relay nodes, and the like. The base station 114a and / or the base station 114b may be configured to transmit and / or receive wireless signals on one or more carrier frequencies, which may be referred to as a cell (not shown). These frequencies may be in licensed spectrum, unlicensed spectrum, or a combination of licensed and unlicensed spectrum A cell may provide coverage for a wireless service to a specific geographical area that may be relatively fixed or that may change over time. The cell may further be divided into cell sectors. For example, the cell associated with the base station 114a may be divided into three sectors. Thus, in one embodiment, the base station 114a may include three transceivers, i.e., one for each sector of the cell. In an embodiment, the base station 114a may employ multiple-input multiple output (MIMO) technology and may utilize multiple transceivers for each sector of the cell. For example, beamforming may be used to transmit and / or receive signals in desired spatial directions.

[0151] The base stations 114a, 114b may communicate with one or more of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d over an air interface 116, which may be any suitable wireless communication link (for example, radio frequency (RF), microwave, centimeter wave, micrometer wave, infrared (IR), ultraviolet (UV), visible light, etc.). The air interface 116 may be established using any suitable radio access technology (RAT).

[0152] More specifically, as noted above, the communications system 100 may be a multiple access system and may employ one or more channel access schemes, such as CDMA, TDMA, FDMA, OFDMA, SC-FDMA, and the like. For example, the base station 114a in the RAN 104 and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA), which may establish the air interface 116 using wideband CDMA (WCDMA). WCDMA may include communication protocols such as High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA) and / or Evolved HSPA (HSPA+). HSPA may include High-Speed Downlink (DL) Packet Access (HSDPA) and / or High-Speed Uplink (UL) Packet Access (HSUPA).

[0153] In an embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA), which may establish the air interface 116 using Long Term Evolution (LTE) and / or LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) and / or LTE-Advanced Pro (LTE-A Pro).

[0154] In an embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as NR Radio Access , which may establish the air interface 116 using NR.

[0155] In an embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement multiple radio access technologies. For example, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement LTE radio access and NR radio access together, for instance using dual connectivity (DC) principles. Thus, the air interface utilized by WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may be characterized by multiple types of radio access technologies and / or transmissions sent to / from multiple types of base stations (for example, an eNB and a gNB).

[0156] In other embodiments, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement radio technologies such as IEEE 802.11 (i.e , Wireless Fidelity (WiFi), IEEE 802.16 (i.e., Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX)), CDMA2000, CDMA2000 1X, CDMA2000 EV-DO, Interim Standard 2000 (IS-2000), Interim Standard 95 (IS-95), Interim Standard 856 (IS-856), Global System for Mobile communications (GSM), Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE), GSM EDGE (GERAN), and the like.

[0157] The base station 114b in FIG 1A may be a wireless router, Home Node B, Home eNode B, or access point, for example, and may utilize any suitable RAT for facilitating wireless connectivity in a localized area, such as a place of business, a home, a vehicle, a campus, an industrial facility, an air corridor (for example, for use by drones), a roadway, and the like. In one embodiment, the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may implement a radio technology such as IEEE 802.11 to establish a wireless local area network (WLAN). In an embodiment, the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may implement a radio technology such as IEEE 802.15 to establish a wireless personal area network (WPAN). In yet another embodiment, the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may utilize a cellular-based RAT (for example, WCDMA, CDMA2000, GSM, LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR etc.) to establish a picocell or femtocell. As shown in FIG. 1A, the base station 114b may have a direct connection to the Internet 110. Thus, the base station 114b may not be required to access the Internet 110 via the CN 106.

[0158] The RAN 104 may be in communication with the CN 106, which may be any type of network configured to provide voice, data, applications, and / or voice over internet protocol (VoIP) services to one or more of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d. The data may have varying quality of service (QoS) requirements, such as differing throughput requirements, latency requirements, error tolerance requirements, reliability requirements, data throughput requirements, mobility requirements, and the like. The CN 106 may provide call control, billing services, mobile location-based services, pre-paid calling, Internet connectivity, video distribution, etc., and / or perform high-level security functions, such as user authentication. Although not shown in FIG. 1 A, it will be appreciated that the RAN 104 and / or the CN 106 may be in direct or indirect communication with other RANs that employ the same RAT as the RAN 104 or a different RAT. For example, in addition tobeing connected to the RAN 104, which may be utilizing a NR radio technology, the ON 106 may also be in communication with another RAN (not shown) employing a GSM, UMTS, CDMA 2000, WiMAX, E-UTRA, or WiFi radio technology.

[0159] The CN 106 may also serve as a gateway for the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d to access the PSTN 108, the Internet 110, and / or the other networks 112. The PSTN 108 may include circuit-switched telephone networks that provide plain old telephone service (POTS). The Internet 110 may include a global system of interconnected computer networks and devices that use common communication protocols, such as the transmission control protocol (TCP), user datagram protocol (UDP) and / or the internet protocol (IP) in the TCP / IP internet protocol suite. The networks 112 may include wired and / or wireless communications networks owned and / or operated by other service providers. For example, the networks 112 may include another CN connected to one or more RANs, which may employ the same RAT as the RAN 104 or a different RAT.

[0160] Some or all of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d in the communications system 100 may include multi-mode capabilities (for example, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d may include multiple transceivers for communicating with different wireless networks over different wireless links). For example, the WTRU 102c shown in FIG. 1 A may be configured to communicate with the base station 114a, which may employ a cellularbased radio technology, and with the base station 114b, which may employ an IEEE 802 radio technology.

[0161] FIG. 1 B is a system diagram illustrating an example WTRU 102. As shown in FIG. 1B, the WTRU 102 may include a processor 118, a transceiver 120, a transmit / receive element 122, a speaker / microphone 124, a keypad 126, a display / touchpad 128, non-removable memory 130, removable memory 132, a power source 134, a global positioning system (GPS) chipset 136, and / or other peripherals 138, among others. It will be appreciated that the WTRU 102 may include any sub-combination of the foregoing elements while remaining consistent with an embodiment.

[0162] The processor 118 may be a general purpose processor, a special purpose processor, a conventional processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in association with a DSP core, a controller, a microcontroller, Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), any other type of integrated circuit (IC), a state machine, and the like. The processor 118 may perform signal coding, data processing, power control, input / output processing, and / or any other functionality that enables the WTRU 102 to operate in a wireless environment. The processor 118 may be coupled to the transceiver 120, which may be coupled to the transmit / receive element 122. While FIG. 1 B depicts the processor 118 and the transceiver 120 as separate components, it will be appreciated that the processor 118 and the transceiver 120 may be integrated together in an electronic package or chip.

[0163] The transmit / receive element 122 may be configured to transmit signals to, or receive signals from, a base station (for example, the base station 114a) over the air interface 116. For example, in one embodiment, the transmit / receive element 122 may be an antenna configured to transmit and / or receive RF signals. In an embodiment, the transmit / receive element 122 may be an emitter / detector configured to transmit and / or receiveIR, UV, or visible light signals, for example. In yet another embodiment, the transmit / receive element 122 may be configured to transmit and / or receive both RF and light signals. It will be appreciated that the transmit / receive element 122 may be configured to transmit and / or receive any combination of wireless signals.

[0164] Although the transmit / receive element 122 is depicted in FIG. 1 B as a single element, the WTRU 102 may include any number of transmit / receive elements 122. More specifically, the WTRU 102 may employ MIMO technology. Thus, in one embodiment, the WTRU 102 may include two or more transmit / receive elements 122 (for example, multiple antennas) for transmitting and receiving wireless signals over the air interface 116.

[0165] The transceiver 120 may be configured to modulate the signals that are to be transmitted by the transmit / receive element 122 and to demodulate the signals that are received by the transmit / receive element 122. As noted above, the WTRU 102 may have multi-mode capabilities. Thus, the transceiver 120 may include multiple transceivers for enabling the WTRU 102 to communicate via multiple RATs, such as NR and IEEE 802.11 , for example.

[0166] The processor 118 of the WTRU 102 may be coupled to, and may receive user input data from, the speaker / microphone 124, the keypad 126, and / or the display / touchpad 128 (for example, a liquid crystal display (LCD) display unit or organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display unit). The processor 118 may also output user data to the speaker / microphone 124, the keypad 126, and / or the display / touchpad 128. In addition, the processor 118 may access information from, and store data in, any type of suitable memory, such as the nonremovable memory 130 and / or the removable memory 132. The non-removable memory 130 may include random-access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), a hard disk, or any other type of memory storage device. The removable memory 132 may include a subscriber identity module (SIM) card, a memory stick, a secure digital (SD) memory card, and the like. In other embodiments, the processor 118 may access information from, and store data in, memory that is not physically located on the WTRU 102, such as on a server or a home computer (not shown).

[0167] The processor 118 may receive power from the power source 134, and may be configured to distribute and / or control the power to the other components in the WTRU 102. The power source 134 may be any suitable device for powering the WTRU 102. For example, the power source 134 may include one or more dry cell batteries (for example, nickel-cadmium (NiCd), nickel-zinc (NiZn), nickel metal hydride (NiMH), lithium- ion (Li-ion), etc.), solar cells, fuel cells, and the like.

[0168] The processor 118 may also be coupled to the GPS chipset 136, which may be configured to provide location information (for example, longitude and latitude) regarding the current location of the WTRU 102. In addition to, or in lieu of, the information from the GPS chipset 136, the WTRU 102 may receive location information over the air interface 116 from a base station (for example, base stations 114a, 114b) and / or determine its location based on the timing of the signals being received from two or more nearby base stations. It will be appreciated that the WTRU 102 may acquire location information by way of any suitable locationdetermination method while remaining consistent with an embodiment.

[0169] The processor 118 may further be coupled to other peripherals 138, which may include one or more software and / or hardware modules that provide additional features, functionality and / or wired or wireless connectivity. For example, the peripherals 138 may include an accelerometer, an e-compass, a satellite transceiver, a digital camera (for photographs and / or video), a universal serial bus (USB) port, a vibration device, a television transceiver, a hands free headset, a Bluetooth® module, a frequency modulated (FM) radio unit, a digital music player, a media player, a video game player module, an Internet browser, a Virtual Reality and / or Augmented Reality (VR / AR) device, an activity tracker, and the like. The peripherals 138 may include one or more sensors. The sensors may be one or more of a gyroscope, an accelerometer, a hall effect sensor, a magnetometer, an orientation sensor, a proximity sensor, a temperature sensor, a time sensor; a geolocation sensor, an altimeter, a light sensor, a touch sensor, a magnetometer, a barometer, a gesture sensor, a biometric sensor, a humidity sensor and the like.

[0170] The WTRU 102 may include a full duplex radio for which transmission and reception of some or all of the signals (for example, associated with particular subframes for both the U L (for example, for transmission) and DL (for example, for reception) may be concurrent and / or simultaneous. The full duplex radio may include an interference management unit to reduce and or substantially eliminate self-interference via either hardware (for example, a choke) or signal processing via a processor (for example, a separate processor (not shown) or via processor 118). In an embodiment, the WTRU 102 may include a half-duplex radio for which transmission and reception of some or all of the signals (for example, associated with particular subframes for either the UL (for example, for transmission) or the DL (for example, for reception)).

[0171] FIG. 1C is a system diagram illustrating the RAN 104 and the CN 106 according to an embodiment. As noted above, the RAN 104 may employ an E-UTRA radio technology to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116. The RAN 104 may also be in communication with the CN 106.

[0172] The RAN 104 may include eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c, though it will be appreciated that the RAN 104 may include any number of eNode-Bs while remaining consistent with an embodiment. The eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may each include one or more transceivers for communicating with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116. In one embodiment, the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may implement MIMO technology. Thus, the eNode-B 160a, for example, may use multiple antennas to transmit wireless signals to, and / or receive wireless signals from, the WTRU 102a.

[0173] Each of the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may be associated with a particular cell (not shown) and may be configured to handle radio resource management decisions, handover decisions, scheduling of users in the UL and / or DL, and the like. As shown in FIG. 1 C, the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may communicate with one another over an X2 interface.

[0174] The CN 106 shown in FIG. 1C may include a mobility management entity (MME) 162, a serving gateway (SGW) 164, and a packet data network (PDN) gateway (PGW) 166. While the foregoing elements are depicted as part of the CN 106, it will be appreciated that any of these elements may be owned and / or operated by an entity other than the CN operator.

[0175] The MME 162 may be connected to each of the eNode-Bs 162a, 162b, 162c in the RAN 104 via an S1 interface and may serve as a control node. For example, the MME 162 may be responsible for authenticating users of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, bearer activation / deactivation, selecting a particular serving gateway during an initial attach of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and the like. The MME 162 may provide a control plane function for switching between the RAN 104 and other RANs (not shown) that employ other radio technologies, such as GSM and / or WCDMA

[0176] The SGW 164 may be connected to each of the eNode Bs 160a, 160b, 160c in the RAN 104 via the S1 interface. The SGW 164 may generally route and forward user data packets to / from the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c. The SGW 164 may perform other functions, such as anchoring user planes during inter-eNode B handovers, triggering paging when DL data is available for the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, managing and storing contexts of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and the like.

[0177] The SGW 164 may be connected to the PGW 166, which may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to packet-switched networks, such as the Internet 110, to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices.

[0178] The ON 106 may facilitate communications with other networks For example, the CN 106 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to circuit-switched networks, such as the PSTN 108, to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and traditional land-line communications devices. For example, the CN 106 may include, or may communicate with, an IP gateway (for example, an IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) server) that serves as an interface between the CN 106 and the PSTN 108. In addition, the CN 106 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to the other networks 112, which may include other wired and / or wireless networks that are owned and / or operated by other service providers.

[0179] Although the WTRU is described in FIGS. 1A-1 D as a wireless terminal, it is contemplated that in certain representative embodiments that such a terminal may use (for example, temporarily or permanently) wired communication interfaces with the communication network.

[0180] In representative embodiments, the other network 112 may be a WLAN.

[0181] A WLAN in Infrastructure Basic Service Set (BSS) mode may have an Access Point (AP) for the BSS and one or more stations (STAs) associated with the AP. The AP may have access or an interface to a Distribution System (DS) or another type of wired / wireless network that carries traffic in to and / or out of the BSS. Traffic to STAs that originates from outside the BSS may arrive through the AP and may be delivered to the STAs. Traffic originating from STAs to destinations outside the BSS may be sent to the AP to be delivered to respective destinations. Traffic between STAs within the BSS may be sent through the AP, for example, where the source STA may send traffic to the AP and the AP may deliver the traffic to the destination STA The traffic between STAs within a BSS may be considered and / or referred to as peer-to-peer traffic. The peer-to- peer traffic may be sent between (for example, directly between) the source and destination STAs with a direct link setup (DLS). In certain representative embodiments, the DLS may use an 802.11e DLS or an 802.11z tunneled DLS (TDLS). A WLAN using an Independent BSS (I BSS) mode may not have an AP, and the STAs(for example, all of the STAs) within or using the IBSS may communicate directly with each other. The IBSS mode of communication may sometimes be referred to herein as an “ad-hoc” mode of communication.

[0182] When using the 802.11 ac infrastructure mode of operation or a similar mode of operations, the AP may transmit a beacon on a fixed channel, such as a primary channel. The primary channel may be a fixed width (for example, 20 MHz wide bandwidth) or a dynamically set width. The primary channel may be the operating channel of the BSS and may be used by the STAs to establish a connection with the AP. In certain representative embodiments, Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA / CA) may be implemented, for example in 802.11 systems. For CSMA / CA, the STAs (for example, every STA), including the AP, may sense the primary channel. If the primary channel is sensed / detected and / or determined to be busy by a particular STA, the particular STA may back off. One STA (for example, only one station) may transmit at any given time in a given BSS

[0183] High Throughput (HT) STAs may use a 40 MHz wide channel for communication, for example, via a combination of the primary 20 MHz channel with an adjacent or nonadjacent 20 MHz channel to form a 40 MHz wide channel.

[0184] Very High Throughput (VHT) STAs may support 20MHz, 40 MHz, 80 MHz, and / or 160 MHz wide channels The 40 MHz, and / or 80 MHz, channels may be formed by combining contiguous 20 MHz channels. A 160 MHz channel may be formed by combining 8 contiguous 20 MHz channels, or by combining two noncontiguous 80 MHz channels, which may be referred to as an 80+80 configuration. For the 80+80 configuration, the data, after channel encoding, may be passed through a segment parser that may divide the data into two streams. Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) processing, and time domain processing, may be done on each stream separately The streams may be mapped on to the two 80 MHz channels, and the data may be transmitted by a transmitting STA. At the receiver of the receiving STA, the above described operation for the 80+80 configuration may be reversed, and the combined data may be sent to the MAC.

[0185] Sub 1 GHz modes of operation are supported by 802.11 af and 802.11 ah. The channel operating bandwidths, and carriers, are reduced in 802.11 af and 802.11ah relative to those used in 802.11n, and 802.11ac. 802.11 af supports 5 MHz, 10 MHz, and 20 MHz bandwidths in the TV White Space (TVWS) spectrum, and 802.11 ah supports 1 MHz, 2 MHz, 4 MHz, 8 MHz, and 16 MHz bandwidths using non-TVWS spectrum. According to a representative embodiment, 802.11 ah may support Meter Type Control / Machine- Type Communications (MTC), such as MTC devices in a macro coverage area. MTC devices may have certain capabilities, for example, limited capabilities including support for (for example, only support for) certain and / or limited bandwidths. The MTC devices may include a battery with a battery life above a threshold (for example, to maintain a very long battery life).

[0186] WLAN systems, which may support multiple channels, and channel bandwidths, such as 802 11 n, 802.11ac, 802.11af, and 802.11 ah, include a channel which may be designated as the primary channel. The primary channel may have a bandwidth equal to the largest common operating bandwidth supported by all STAs in the BSS. The bandwidth of the primary channel may be set and / or limited by a STA, from among allSTAs in operating in a BSS, which supports the smallest bandwidth operating mode. In the example of 802.11 ah, the primary channel may be 1 MHz wide for ST As (for example, MTC type devices) that support (for example, only support) a 1 MHz mode, even if the AP, and other STAs in the BSS support 2 MHz, 4 MHz, 8 MHz, 16 MHz, and / or other channel bandwidth operating modes. Carrier sensing and / or Network Allocation Vector (NAV) settings may depend on the status of the primary channel. If the primary channel is busy, for example, due to a STA (which supports only a 1 MHz operating mode) transmitting to the AP, all available frequency bands may be considered busy even though a majority of the available frequency bands remains idle.

[0187] In the United States, the available frequency bands, which may be used by 802.11 ah, are from 902 MHz to 928 MHz. In Korea, the available frequency bands are from 917.5 MHz to 923.5 MHz. In Japan, the available frequency bands are from 916.5 MHz to 927.5 MHz. The total bandwidth available for 802.11 ah is 6 MHz to 26 MHz depending on the country code.

[0188] FIG. 1 D is a system diagram illustrating the RAN 104 and the CN 106 according to an embodiment. As noted above, the RAN 104 may employ an NR radio technology to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116. The RAN 104 may also be in communication with the CN 106.

[0189] The RAN 104 may include gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c, though it will be appreciated that the RAN 104 may include any number of gNBs while remaining consistent with an embodiment. The gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may each include one or more transceivers for communicating with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116. In one embodiment, the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may implement MIMO technology. For example, gNBs 180a, 108b may utilize beamforming to transmit signals to and / or receive signals from the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c. Thus, the gNB 180a, for example, may use multiple antennas to transmit wireless signals to, and / or receive wireless signals from, the WTRU 102a. In an embodiment, the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may implement carrier aggregation technology. For example, the gNB 180a may transmit multiple component carriers to the WTRU 102a (not shown). A subset of these component carriers may be on unlicensed spectrum while the remaining component carriers may be on licensed spectrum. In an embodiment, the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may implement Coordinated Multi-Point (CoMP) technology. For example, WTRU 102a may receive coordinated transmissions from gNB 180a and gNB 180b (and / or gNB 180c).

[0190] The WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using transmissions associated with a scalable numerology. For example, the OFDM symbol spacing and / or OFDM subcarrier spacing may vary for different transmissions, different cells, and / or different portions of the wireless transmission spectrum. The WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using subframe or transmission time intervals (TTIs) of various or scalable lengths (for example, containing a varying number of OFDM symbols and / or lasting varying lengths of absolute time).

[0191] The gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may be configured to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c in a standalone configuration and / or a non-standalone configuration. In the standalone configuration, WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c without also accessing other RANs (forexample, such as eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c). In the standalone configuration, WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may utilize one or more of gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c as a mobility anchor point. In the standalone configuration, WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using signals in an unlicensed band. In a non-standalone configuration WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with / connect to gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c while also communicating with / connecting to another RAN such as eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c. For example, WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement DC principles to communicate with one or more gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c and one or more eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c substantially simultaneously. In the non- standalone configuration, eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may serve as a mobility anchor for WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may provide additional coverage and / or throughput for servicing WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c.

[0192] Each of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may be associated with a particular cell (not shown) and may be configured to handle radio resource management decisions, handover decisions, scheduling of users in the UL and / or DL, support of network slicing, DC, interworking between NR and E-UTRA, routing of user plane data towards User Plane Function (UPF) 184a, 184b, routing of control plane information towards Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) 182a, 182b and the like. As shown in FIG. 1D, the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may communicate with one another over an Xn interface.

[0193] The CN 106 shown in FIG. 1 D may include at least one AMF 182a, 182b, at least one UPF 184a, 184b, at least one Session Management Function (SMF) 183a, 183b, and possibly a Data Network (DN) 185a, 185b. While the foregoing elements are depicted as part of the CN 106, it will be appreciated that any of these elements may be owned and / or operated by an entity other than the CN operator.

[0194] The AMF 182a, 182b may be connected to one or more of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c in the RAN 104 via an N2 interface and may serve as a control node. For example, the AMF 182a, 182b may be responsible for authenticating users of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, support for network slicing (for example, handling of different protocol data unit (PDU) sessions with different requirements), selecting a particular SMF 183a, 183b, management of the registration area, termination of non-access stratum (NAS) signaling, mobility management, and the like. Network slicing may be used by the AMF 182a, 182b in order to customize CN support for WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c based on the types of services being utilized WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c. For example, different network slices may be established for different use cases such as services relying on ultra-reliable low latency (URLLC) access, services relying on enhanced massive mobile broadband (eMBB) access, services for MTC access, and the like The AMF 182a, 182b may provide a control plane function for switching between the RAN 104 and other RANs (not shown) that employ other radio technologies, such as LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, and / or non-3GPP access technologies such as WiFi.

[0195] The SMF 183a, 183b may be connected to an AMF 182a, 182b in the CN 106 via an N11 interface. The SMF 183a, 183b may also be connected to a UPF 184a, 184b in the CN 106 via an N4 interface. The SMF 183a, 183b may select and control the UPF 184a, 184b and configure the routing of traffic through the UPF 184a, 184b. The SMF 183a, 183b may perform other functions, such as managing and allocating UE IPaddress, managing PDU sessions, controlling policy enforcement and QoS, providing DL data notifications, and the like. A PDU session type may be IP-based, non-IP based, Ethernet-based, and the like.

[0196] The UPF 184a, 184b may be connected to one or more of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c in the RAN 104 via an N3 interface, which may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to packet-switched networks, such as the Internet 110, to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices. The UPF 184, 184b may perform other functions, such as routing and forwarding packets, enforcing user plane policies, supporting multi-homed PDU sessions, handling user plane QoS, buffering DL packets, providing mobility anchoring, and the like.

[0197] The CN 106 may facilitate communications with other networks For example, the CN 106 may include, or may communicate with, an IP gateway (for example, an IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) server) that serves as an interface between the CN 106 and the PSTN 108. In addition, the CN 106 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to the other networks 112, which may include other wired and / or wireless networks that are owned and / or operated by other service providers. In one embodiment, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may be connected to a local DN 185a, 185b through the UPF 184a, 184b via the N3 interface to the UPF 184a, 184b and an N6 interface between the UPF 184a, 184b and the DN 185a, 185b.

[0198] In view of FIGs. 1A-1 D, and the corresponding description of FIGs. 1A-1 D, one or more, or all, of the functions described herein with regard to one or more of: WTRU 102a-d, Base Station 114a-b, eNode-B 160a-c, MME 162, SGW 164, PGW 166, gNB 180a-c, AMF 182a-b, UPF 184a-b, SMF 183a-b, DN 185a-b, and / or any other device(s) described herein, may be performed by one or more emulation devices (not shown). The emulation devices may be one or more devices configured to emulate one or more, or all, of the functions described herein. For example, the emulation devices may be used to test other devices and / or to simulate network and / or WTRU functions.

[0199] The emulation devices may be designed to implement one or more tests of other devices in a lab environment and / or in an operator network environment. For example, the one or more emulation devices may perform the one or more, or all, functions while being fully or partially implemented and / or deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network in order to test other devices within the communication network. The one or more emulation devices may perform the one or more, or all, functions while being temporarily implemented / deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network The emulation device may be directly coupled to another device for purposes of testing and / or performing testing using over-the-air wireless communications.

[0200] The one or more emulation devices may perform the one or more, including all, functions while not being implemented / deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network. For example, the emulation devices may be utilized in a testing scenario in a testing laboratory and / or a non-deployed (for example, testing) wired and / or wireless communication network in order to implement testing of one or more components. The one or more emulation devices may be test equipment. Direct RF coupling and / or wirelesscommunications via RF circuitry (for example, which may include one or more antennas) may be used by the emulation devices to transmit and / or receive data.

[0201] In an embodiment, a New Radio (NR) duplex operation provides a foundation in improving conventional TDD operation by enhancing UL coverage, improving capacity, and reducing latency. Conventional TDD is based on splitting the time domain between the uplink and downlink in a gNB perspective. In an embodiment, full duplex, or more specifically, subband (SB) non-overlapping full duplex (SBFD) at the gNB within a conventional TDD band is described, as shown in FIG. 2, while UE is operating with a half-duplex (HD). Operation based on HD may imply the UE may either transmit a UL signal or receive a DL signal on one or more symbol(s), while not simultaneously transmitting the UL signal and receive the (DL) signal on the same symbol(s).

[0202] As shown in FIG 2, a series of TDD slots may be arranged in time. As shown by way of example in FIG.2, a TDD DL Slot 210 may be followed by SBFD Slot 220 and SBFD Slot 230. SBFD slot 220 may include non-overlapping DL SB 220a, UL SB 220b, and DL SB 220c. SBFD Slot 230 may include nonoverlapping DL SB 230a, UL SB 230b, and DL SB 230c. These SBFD Slots may be followed by Flexible Slot 240 which may be either UL, DL, or SBFD depending on system conditions, which is followed by UL Slot 250. The depicted slots in FIG. 2 are shown by way of example only and are not meant to be limiting. The number of slots, order, and particular composition of the slots may be different and the number and arrangement of subbands in the SBBD slots 220 and 230 may be different. Further, although non-overlapping SBs are shown, overlapping SBs may also be used.

[0203] The realization of SBFD is subject to resolving challenges caused by CLI. In an SBFD or dynamic / flexible TDD framework, a potential aggressor cell may switch from UL to DL or vice-versa, causing CLI on one or more potential victim gNBs and UEs. In UL-to-DL CLI, the UL transmission from aggressor UEs may cause directional CLI at the one or more victim UEs, as shown in FIG. 3. The CLI can be measured at both the victim and / or aggressor UEs.

[0204] As depicted in FIG. 3, gNB 310a may communicate via signals 340a with UE 320a within cell 311 a. gNB 310b may communicate via signals 340b with UE 320b within cell 311 b. gNB 310a and gNB 310b may create interference 330 with each other UE 320a and UE 320b may create interference 360 with each other. gNB 310a may create interference 350a with UE 320b and / or UE 320b may create interference 350a with gNB 310a. gNB 310b may create interference 350b with UE 320a and / or UE 320a may create interference 350b with gNB 310b.

[0205] In an embodiment, a UE that is capable of FD, for example, SBFD or SB-overlapping FD, may perform an uplink transmission using a single panel if the uplink transmission is scheduled as simultaneous multi-panel or multi-layer transmissions but the UE determines that a DL reception is also scheduled at the same time, for example, in a multi-TRP scenario.

[0206] In an embodiment, a UE receives a configuration for duplicated UL grants. In an embodiment, the configuration for duplicated UL grants includes a first component for simultaneously transmitting from multiplepanels (e.g., STxMP) and a second component for transmitting from one panel. The UE determines whether to transmit a scheduled UL signal or channel based on the first or the second component, depending on whether there is also a co-scheduled DL transmission to the UE, for example, from the second TRP (TRP2) where the first TRP (TRP1) does not know ahead about the co-scheduled DL transmission in a M-DCI based mTRP scenario. The UE can then transmit the scheduled UL signal or channel based on a determination that it can do so.

[0207] Another example scenario for the operation includes a CG-based UL, for example, in an sTRP scenario, which is configured with the first and second components described above for the UE to selectively apply either one of the components depending on a co-scheduled DL transmission to the UE.

[0208] In an embodiment, a configuration for opportunistic fallback Tx is provided. In an embodiment, a UE receives a configuration for FD operation including an opportunistic fallback transmission, where the configuration may indicate or include at least one of following: one or more parameters for FD operation, one or more parameters for a first transmission scheme or hypothesis, one or more parameters for a second transmission scheme or hypothesis, and / or one or more parameters related to determining whether to apply the first or second transmission scheme.

[0209] The one or more parameters, in general, for FD operation, may include parameter(s) for time and / or frequency domain resource allocation for the FD transmission and / or reception, for example, a set of FD symbols / slots, a set of non-FD symbols / slots, configuration of DL subband / slot, UL subband / slot, flexible subband / slot, sideband subband / slot, and / or overlapping or non-overlapping FD subband / slot, etc

[0210] A first transmission scheme or hypothesis, which may be for a UL transmission, sidelink transmission, or otherwise, may be, for example, a non-FD transmission, a STxMP transmission, a STxML transmission, etc. such that, e.g , only reception is not performed simultaneously with transmission. The one or more parameters for the first transmission scheme or hypothesis may include parameter(s) indicating which one or more DCI formats (for example, UL-DCI format 0_1 , 0_2, etc ) are to be used for scheduling UE transmission based on the first transmission scheme. These one or more parameters may further, for example, for one or each DCI format of the indicated one or more DCI formats, indicate how a first component of the DCI format is constructed. For example, these one or more parameters may indicate how many and what kinds of DCI field(s) are included in the first component for the first transmission scheme.

[0211] A second transmission scheme or hypothesis, which may be for a UL transmission, sidelink transmission, or otherwise, may be, for example, an opportunistic fallback FD transmission, a single-panel transmission, a single-TRP UL transmission, etc. The one or more parameters for the second transmission scheme or hypothesis may indicate, for one or each DCI format of the indicated one or more DCI formats associated with the first transmission scheme, how a second component of the DCI format is constructed. For example, the one or more parameters may indicate how many and what kinds of DCI field(s) are comprised in the second component for the second transmission scheme.

[0212] The one or more parameters related to determining whether to apply the first or second transmission scheme may be, for example, for a scheduled transmission when receiving a DCI based on the DCI format. The determination may be based on whether a co-scheduled reception of a signal or channel exists on a same symbol(s) that the scheduled transmission occurs based on the DCI. For example, the determination may be based on a DL reception of a signal exists simultaneous to a scheduled UL transmission. The determination may be additionally or alternatively based on a beam relation between, e.g., a UL Tx beam for the scheduled UL transmission and a DL Rx beam of the co-scheduled reception of a DL signal or channel. The determination may be additionally or alternatively based on a frequency distance between, e.g., a UL Tx resource for the scheduled UL transmission and a DL Rx resource of the co-scheduled reception of a DL signal or channel. The determination may be additionally or alternatively based on a transmission power or power headroom applicable to the first or second UL transmission.

[0213] In an embodiment, the UE may receive a DCI (for example, UL-DCI) based on the DCI format of the indicated one or more DCI formats that includes at least the first component and the second component. The UE may determine, based on the DCI, that a UL transmission is scheduled on a symbol(s) / slot(s) of the set of FD symbols / slots.

[0214] The UE may, for example, based on the determination, on a condition that the UE determines there are no co-scheduled DL signal(s) and / or channel(s) to be received simultaneously on the symbol(s) / slot(s), transmit a scheduled UL transmission by the DCI based on applying the first component The first component may include at least one of following: (i) a first SRI field and / or a first TPMI field that may correspond to a first panel or a first Layer-set; (ii) a second SRI field and / or a second TPMI field that may correspond to a second panel or a second Layer-set; and / or (iii) one or more MCS fields that may be for the STxMP or STxML Tx.

[0215] Based on applying the first component, the UE may transmit the scheduled UL transmission (for example, as STxMP) simultaneously from the first panel based on the indicated first SRI field and the first TPMI field and from the second panel based on the indicated second SRI field and the second TPMI field, where the UE may apply the one or more MCS fields for the scheduled UL transmission.

[0216] In an embodiment, on a condition that the UE determines there exists at least one co-scheduled DL signal(s) and / or channel(s) to be received simultaneously on the symbol(s) / slot(s), the UE may determine to transmit a UL transmission scheduled by the DCI based on applying the second component. The second component may include at least one of following: (i) a third SRI field and / or a third TPMI field that may correspond to a panel or a UE antenna set or port group for the fallback UL Tx; and / or (ii) a second one or more MCS fields that may be for the fallback UL Tx.

[0217] Based on applying the second component, the UE may perform, on the symbol(s) / slot(s), simultaneously the opportunistic fallback transmission, which may be based on the third SRI field, the third TPMI field, and the second one or more MCS fields from a first panel, and the reception of the DL signal(s) and / or channel(s) using a second panel. Although this is described with respect to two panels, more panelsmay be used wherein a first component applies to a first set of panels, and a second component applies to a second set of panels

[0218] This operation may be performed in a multi-DCI (M-DCI) multi-TRP (mTRP) scenario, where each TRP may be connected via a non-ideal backhaul (for example, a TRP1 that schedules the STxMP UL Tx may not know ahead whether a TRP2 also schedules a DL Rx on the same symbol(s) / slot(s)) This may provide benefits in terms of scheduling flexibility and efficiency and improve throughput performance on both UL and DL by resolving such a DL / UL scheduling collision case.

[0219] As used herein, the term “subband” is used to refer to a frequency-domain resource and may be characterized by at least one of the following:-a set of RBs, a set of RB sets, for example when a carrier has intra-cell guard bands, a set of interlaced RBs, a bandwidth part or portion thereof, and / or a carrier or portion thereof. For example, a subband may be characterized by a starting RB and number of RBs for a set of contiguous RBs within a bandwidth part. A subband may also be defined by the value of a frequency-domain resource allocation field and bandwidth part index.

[0220] As used herein, the term “XDD” is used to refer to a subband-wise duplex (for example, either UL or DL being used per subband) and may be characterized by at least one of the following: Cross Division Duplex (for example, subband-wise FDD within a TDD band), subband-based full duplex (for example, full duplex as both UL and DL are used / mixed on a symbol / slot, but either UL or DL being used per subband on the symbol / slot), frequency domain multiplexing of DL / UL transmissions within a TDD spectrum, subband nonoverlapping Full Duplex (SBFD) (also known as non-overlapped sub-band full-duplex), a full duplex other than a same-frequency (for example, spectrum sharing, subband-wise-overlapped) full duplex, and / or any advanced duplex method, for example, other than pure TDD or FDD.

[0221] As used herein, the term “dynamic TDD” and / or “flexible TDD” is used to refer to a TDD system / cell which may dynamically and / or flexibly change / adjust / switch a communication direction (for example, a downlink, an uplink, or a sidelink, etc.) on a time instance (for example, slot, symbol, subframe, and / or the like). In one example, in a system employing dynamic / flexible TDD, a component carrier (CC) or a BWP may have one single type among ‘D’, ‘U’, and ‘F’ on a symbol / slot, based on an indication by a group-common(GC)-DCI (for example, format 2_0) comprising a slot format indicator (SFI), and / or based on tdd-UL-DL-config-common and / or on tdd-UL-DL-config-dedicated configurations On a given time instance / slot / symbol, a first gNB (for example, cell, TRP, etc.) employing dynamic / flexible TDD may transmit a downlink signal to a first UE in communication / associated with the first gNB based on a first SFI and / or tdd-UL-DL-config configured / indicated by the first gNB, and a second gNB (for example, cell, TRP, etc ) employing dynamic / flexible TDD may receive an uplink signal transmitted from a second UE in communication / associated with the second gNB based on a second SFI and / or tdd-UL-DL-config configured / indicated by the second gNB. In one example, the first UE may determine that the reception of the downlink signal is being interfered with by the uplink signal, where the interference caused by the uplink signal may refer to a UE-to-UE CLI.

[0222] A UE may transmit or receive a physical channel or reference signal according to at least one spatial domain filter. The term “beam” may be used to refer to a spatial domain filter or a signal output from a spatial domain filter, although it is not limited to a spatial domain filter.

[0223] The UE may transmit a physical channel or signal using the same spatial domain filter as the spatial domain filter used for receiving a reference signal (such as CSI-RS) or a SS block. The UE transmission may be referred to as a “target” signal, and the received reference signal or SS block may be referred to as “reference” or “source” signal. In such case, the UE may be said to transmit the target physical channel or signal according to a spatial relation with a reference to such reference signal or SS block.

[0224] The UE may transmit a first physical channel or signal according to the same spatial domain filter as the spatial domain filter used for transmitting a second physical channel or signal. The first and second transmissions may be referred to as a "target" signal and “reference” or “source” signal, respectively. In such case, the UE may be said to transmit the first target physical channel or signal according to a spatial relation with a reference to the second reference physical channel or signal.

[0225] A spatial relation may be implicit, as it may be configured by RRC or signaled by MAC CE or DCI. For example, a UE may implicitly transmit a PUSCH and a DM-RS of PUSCH according to the same spatial domain filter as an SRS indicated by an SRI indicated in DCI or configured by RRC. In another example, a spatial relation may be configured by RRC for an SRI or signaled by MAC CE for a PUCCH. Such spatial relation may also be referred to as a beam indication.

[0226] The UE may receive a first target downlink channel or signal according to the same spatial domain filter or spatial reception parameter as a second reference downlink channel or signal. For example, such association may exist between a physical channel such as PDCCH or PDSCH and its respective DM-RS. In another example, when the first and second signals are reference signals, such association may exist when the UE is configured with a QCL assumption type D between corresponding antenna ports. Such association may be configured as a TCI state. A UE may be indicated an association between a CSI-RS or SS block and a DM-RS by an index to a set of TCI states configured by RRC and / or signaled by MAC CE Such indication may also be referred to as a “beam indication.”

[0227] A unified TCI (for example, a common TCI, a common beam, a common RS, etc.) may refer to a beam / RS to be used for multiple physical channels / signals which may also be transmitted simultaneously. The term “TCI” may at least comprise a TCI state that includes at least one source RS to provide a reference (for example, a UE assumption) for determining QCL and / or spatial filter.

[0228] For example, a UE may receive (for example, from a gNB) an indication of a first unified TCI to be used / applied for any one or more of a downlink control channel (e.g., PDCCH), a downlink shared channel (e.g., PDSCH), and a downlink RS. The source reference signal(s) in the first unified TCI may provide common QCL information at least for UE-dedicated reception on the PDSCH and all or subset of CORESETs in a CC. In one example, a UE may receive (for example, from a gNB) an indication of a second unified TCI to be used / applied for any one or more of an uplink control channel (e.g., PUCCH), an uplink shared channel (e.g., PUSCH), andan uplink RS. The source reference signal(s) in the second unified TCI may provide a reference for determining common UL TX spatial filter(s) at least for dynamic-grant / configured-grant based PUSCH and all or subset of dedicated PUCCH resources in a CC.

[0229] The UE may be configured with a first mode for unified TCI (for example, SeparateDLULTCI mode) where an indicated unified TCI (for example, the first unified TCI or the second unified TCI) may be applicable for either downlink (for example, based on the first unified TCI) or uplink, for example, based on the second unified TCI.

[0230] In an embodiment, a UE may receive (for example, from a gNB) an indication of a second unified TCI to be used / applied commonly for any one or more of a PDCCH, a PDSCH, a PUCCH, a PUSCH, a DL RS, and a UL RS.

[0231] The UE may be configured with a second mode for unified TCI (for example, JointTCI mode) where an indicated unified TCI (for example, a third unified TCI) may be applicable for both downlink and uplink, for example, based on the third unified TCI.

[0232] The UE may determine a TCI state applicable to a transmission or reception by first determining a Unified TCI state instance applicable to this transmission or reception, then determining a TCI state corresponding to the Unified TCI state instance. A transmission may include at least PUCCH, PUSCH, and / or SRS. A reception may include at least PDCCH, PDSCH, and / or CSI-RS. A Unified TCI state instance may also be referred to TCI state group, TCI state process, unified TCI pool, a group of TCI states, a set of time-domain instances / stamps / slots / symbols, and / or a set of frequency-domain instances / RBs / subbands, etc A Unified TCI state instance may be equivalent to or otherwise known as a Coreset Pool identity (for example, CORESETPoollndex, a TRP indicator, and / or the like).

[0233] In an embodiment, the unified TCI may be interchangeably used with one or more of unified TCI- states, unified TCI instance, TCI, and TCI-state.

[0234] In an embodiment, a TRP may be interchangeably used with one or more of a TP (transmission point), an RP (reception point), an RRH (radio remote head), a DA (distributed antenna), a BS (base station), a sector of a BS, and a cell (for example, a geographical cell area served by a BS). In an embodiment, Multi- TRP may be interchangeably used with one or more of MTRP, M-TRP, and multiple TRPs.

[0235] In an embodiment, a UE may report a subset of CSI components, where CSI components may correspond to at least a CRI, a SSBRI, an indication of a panel used for reception at the UE, such as a panel identity or group identity, measurements such as L1-RSRP, L1-SINR taken from SSB or CSI-RS (for example cri-RSRP, cri-SINR, ssb-lndex-RSRP, ssb-lndex-SI NR), and other channel state information such as at least Rl, CQI, PMI, LI, and / or the like.

[0236] In an embodiment, a UE may receive an SSB. The SSB may include a PSS, an SSS, and a PBCH. The UE may monitor, receive, or attempt to decode an SSB during initial access, initial synchronization, RLM, cell search, cell switching, and so forth.

[0237] In an embodiment, a UE may measure and report the CSI, wherein the CSI for each connection mode may include or be configured with one or more: a CSI Report Configuration, a CSI-RS Resource Set, and / or NZP CSI-RS Resources.

[0238] The CSI Report Configuration may include one or more of the following: (1) CSI report quantity, for example, CQI, Rl, PMI, CRI, LI, etc.; (2) CSI report type, for example, aperiodic, semi persistent, periodic; (3) CSI report codebook configuration, for example, Type I, Type II, Type II port selection, etc ; and / or (4) CSI report frequency.

[0239] The CSI-RS Resource Set may include one or more of the following CSI Resource settings: (1) NZP-CSI-RS Resource for channel measurement; (2) NZP-CSI-RS Resource for interference measurement; and / or (3) CSI-IM Resource for interference measurement

[0240] The NZP CSI-RS Resources may include one or more of the following: (1) NZP CSI-RS Resource ID; (2) Periodicity and offset; (3) QCL Info and TCI-state; and / or (4) Resource mapping, for example, number of ports, density, CDM type, etc.

[0241] In an embodiment, a UE may indicate, determine, or be configured with one or more reference signals. The UE may monitor, receive, and measure one or more parameters based on the respective reference signals. For example, one or more of the following may apply The following parameters are non-limiting examples of the parameters that may be included in reference signal(s) measurements. One or more of these parameters may be included. Furthermore, other parameters may be included.

[0242] In an embodiment, SS-RSRP may be measured based on the synchronization signals, for example, DMRS in the PBCH orSSS. It may be defined as the linear average over the power contribution of the resource elements that carry the respective synchronization signal. In measuring the RSRP, power scaling for the reference signals may be required. In case SS-RSRP is used for L1-RSRP, the measurement may be accomplished based on CSI reference signals in addition to the synchronization signals.

[0243] In an embodiment, CSI-RSRP may be measured based on the linear average over the power contribution of the resource elements that carry the respective CSI-RS. The CSI-RSRP measurement may be configured within measurement resources for the configured CSI-RS occasions.

[0244] In an embodiment, SS-SINR may be measured based on the synchronization signals (for example, DMRS in the PBCH orSSS). It may be defined as the linear average over the power contribution of the resource elements that carry the respective synchronization signal divided by the linear average of the noise and interference power contribution. In case SS-SINR is used for L1-SINR, the noise and interference power measurement may be accomplished based on resources configured by higher layers.

[0245] In an embodiment, CSI-SINR may be measured based on the linear average over the power contribution of the resource elements that carry the respective CSI-RS divided by the linear average of the noise and interference power contribution. In case CSI-SINR is used for L1 -SI NR, the noise and interferencepower measurement may be accomplished based on resources configured by higher layers. Otherwise, the noise and interference power may be measured based on the resources that carry the respective CSI-RS.

[0246] In an embodiment, RSSI may be measured based on the average of the total power contribution in configured OFDM symbols and bandwidth. The power contribution may be received from different resources, such as from co-channel serving and non-serving cells, adjacent channel interference, thermal noise, and so forth.

[0247] In an embodiment, a cross-layer interference received signal strength indicator may be measured based on the average of the total power contribution in configured OFDM symbols of the configured time and frequency resources. The power contribution may be received from different resources, such as from crosslayer interference, co-channel serving and non-serving cells, adjacent channel interference, thermal noise, and so forth.

[0248] In an embodiment, SRS-RSRP may be measured based on the linear average over the power contribution of the resource elements that carry the respective SRS

[0249] A property of a grant or assignment may include at least one of the following: a frequency allocation, an aspect of time allocation, such as a duration, a priority, a modulation and coding scheme, a transport block size, a number of spatial layers, a number of transport blocks, a TCI state, CRI or SRI, a number of repetitions, whether the repetition scheme is Type A or Type B, whether the grant is a configured grant type 1 , type 2 or a dynamic grant, whether the assignment is a dynamic assignment or a semi-persistent scheduling assignment, a configured grant index or a semi-persistent assignment index, a periodicity of a configured grant or assignment, a channel access priority class, and any parameter provided in a DCI, by MAC or by RRC for the scheduling the grant or assignment.

[0250] An indication by DCI may include at least one of the following: an explicit indication by a DCI field or by RNTI used to mask CRC of the PDCCH; and an implicit indication by a property such as DCI format, DCI size, Coreset or search space, aggregation level, index of a first resource element of the received DCI (for example, the index of first Control Channel Element), where the mapping between the property and the value may be signaled by RRC or MAC.

[0251] In an embodiment, downlink reception may be used interchangeably with Rx occasion, PDCCH, PDSCH, and / or SSB reception.

[0252] In an embodiment, uplink transmission may be used interchangeably with Tx occasion, PUCCH, PUSCH, PRACH, and / or SRS transmission.

[0253] In an embodiment, RS may be interchangeably used with one or more of RS resource, RS resource set, and / or RS port and RS port group. RS may also be interchangeably used with one or more of SSB, CSI- RS, SRS and / or DM-RS.

[0254] In an embodiment, time instance may be interchangeably used with slot, symbol, and / or subframe.

[0255] In an embodiment, UL-only and DL-only Tx / Rx occasions may interchangeably be used with legacy TDD UL or legacy TDD DL, respectively. For example, the legacy TDD UL / DL Tx / Rx occasions may be the cases where SBFD is not configured and / or where SBFD is disabled.

[0256] The terms received signal power, received signal energy, received signal strength, SSB energy per resource element, CSI energy per resource element, RSRP, RSSI, SINR, RSRQ, SS-RSRP, SS-RSSI, SS- SINR, SS-RSRQ, CSI-RSRP, CSI-RSSI, CSI-SINR, and / or CSI-RSRQ may be used interchangeably.

[0257] In SBFD operations, a UE may be configured with one or more types of slots within a bandwidth, wherein a first type of slot may be used or determined for a first direction (for example, downlink, or sidelink (for example, UE-to-UE communication, device-to-device communication)); a second type of slot may be used or determined for a second direction (for example, uplink, or sidelink); a third type of slot may have a first group of frequency resources within the bandwidth for a first direction and a second group of frequency resources within the bandwidth for a second direction.

[0258] In an embodiment, the bandwidth may be interchangeably used with BWP, carrier, subband, and system bandwidth. The first type of slot (for example, the slot for a first direction) may be referred to as downlink and / or sidelink slot. The second type of slot (for example, slot for a second direction) may be referred to as uplink and / or sidelink slot. The third type of slot may be referred to as Sub-Band non-overlapping or overlapping Full Duplex (SBFD) slot, for example, comprising at least one of DL SB(s), UL SB(s), sidelink SB(s), guard band(s) or RB(s), and flexible SB(s) (for example, SB(s) that may be dynamically determined as one of DL SB(s), UL SB(s), sidelink SB(s), etc.). The group of frequency resources for a first / second direction may be referred to as downlink / uplink / sidelink subband, downlink / uplink / sidelink frequency resources, and / or downlink / uplink / sidelink RBs. The group of frequency resources for a flexible direction (for example, that can be configured for a first direction, second direction, etc.) may be referred to as flexible subband, flexible frequency resource, or flexible RBs. The group of frequency resources between a first direction and a second direction may be referred to as guard band, guard frequency resources, or guard RBs.

[0259] For example, a UE (e.g., an SBFD-enabled UE) may receive configuration information or be configured with one or more SBFD UL, DL, sidelink, flexible, and / or guard subbands in one or more DL / U L / flexible TDD time instances (for example, symbols, slots, frames, and so forth) The UE may be configured with one or more resource allocations for SBFD subbands.

[0260] For example, the SBFD configuration may include a flag signal (for example, enabled / disabled), where for example a first value (e.g., zero (0)) indicates a first mode of operation (e.g., SBFD configuration), and a second value (e.g , one (1)) indicates a second mode of operation (e.g., non-SBFD operation). The modes of operation (for example, SBFD and / or non-SBFD) may be indicated via Master Information Block, System Information Block, semi-statical ly (for example, via RRC signaling), dynamically (for example, via MAC- CE, DCI), and so forth. The UE may receive the time resources (for example, one or more symbols, slots, and so forth), for which the first mode of operation (for example, SBFD) is applicable to, for example, one or more BWPs, subbands, component carriers (CC), cells, and so forth The UE may receive the frequency resources(for example, subbands / BWPs including one or more PRBs) within a BWP, for which the first mode of operation (for example, SBFD) is configured. The time instances may be indicated based on periodic, semi-persistent, or aperiodic configurations. In one example, the time instances may be indicated via a bitmap configuration, where each bit corresponds to a time instance and each bit indication indicates whether corresponding time instance can be used for the first or second mode of operation.

[0261] In an embodiment, duplicated UL grants for opportunistic fallback transmission for a UE operating FD are described herein. In this embodiment, a UE receives a configuration for duplicated UL grants, including a first component for simultaneously transmitting from multiple panels (e.g., STxMP), and a second component for transmitting from one panel. In some embodiments, the one panel is one of the multiple panels used in association with the first component, and in other embodiments the one panel is in addition to the multiple panels The UE determines whether to transmit a scheduled UL signal or channel based on either the first or second component, depending on whether there is also a co-scheduled DL transmission for the UE from one or more of the TRPs (for example, from TRP2 where the TRP1 does not know ahead about it in a M-DCI based mTRP scenario). The UE can then proceed to transmit the scheduled UL signal or channel based on a determination that the UE can do so.

[0262] Another example scenario for the operation may include a CG-based UL (for example, in an sTRP scenario) which is configured with such first and second components for UE to selectively apply depending on a co-scheduled DL.

[0263] In an embodiment, a UE receives configuration for FD operation including an opportunistic fallback transmission and / or performs the opportunistic fallback Tx

[0264] A UE may receive a configuration for FD operation including an opportunistic fallback transmission, where the configuration may include / indicate one or more parameters

[0265] The one or more parameters may include parameter(s), in general, for FD operation, such as parameter(s) for time and / or frequency domain resource allocation for the FD transmission and / or reception, for example, a set of FD symbols / slots, a set of non-FD symbols / slots, configuration of DL subband, UL subband, flexible subband, and / or overlapping or non-overlapping FD subband, etc.

[0266] The one or more parameters may include parameter(s) for a first UL transmission scheme (or hypothesis), for example, a non-FD UL transmission, an STxMP transmission, an STxML transmission, etc. These parameters may indicate which one or more DCI formats (for example, UL-DCI format 0_1 , 0_2, etc.) are to be used for scheduling UL transmission based on the first UL transmission scheme. These parameters may further indicate, for at least one DCI format of the indicated one or more DCI formats, how a first component of the DCI format is constructed (for example, how many and what kinds of DCI field(s) are comprised in the first component for the first UL transmission scheme).

[0267] The one or more parameters may include parameter(s) for a second UL transmission scheme or hypothesis, for example, an opportunistic fallback FD transmission, a single-panel UL transmission, a single- TRP UL transmission, etc. These parameters may indicate, for at least one DCI format of the indicated one ormore DCI formats associated with the first UL transmission scheme, how a second component of the DCI format is constructed (for example, how many and what kinds of DCI field(s) are comprised in the second component for the second UL transmission scheme).

[0268] The one or more parameters may include parameter(s) related to determining whether to apply the first or second UL transmission scheme for a scheduled UL transmission when receiving a DCI based on the DCI format. Determining whether to apply the first or second UL transmission scheme may be based on: (1) whether a co-scheduled reception of a DL signal or channel exists on a same symbol(s) that the scheduled UL transmission occurs based on the DCI; (2) a beam relation between a UL Tx beam for the scheduled UL transmission and a DL Rx beam of the co-scheduled reception of a DL signal or channel; (3) a frequency distance between a UL Tx resource for the scheduled UL transmission and a DL Rx resource of the coscheduled reception of a DL signal or channel; and / or 4) a transmission power or power headroom applicable to the first or second UL transmission.

[0269] In an embodiment, a procedure including the opportunistic fallback Tx may include: (a) the UE receiving a DCI (for example, UL-DCI) based on the DCI format of the indicated one or more DCI formats that includes at least the first component and the second component; (b) the UE determining, based on the DCI, that a UL transmission is scheduled on a symbol(s) / slot(s) of the set of FD symbols / slots; (c) on condition that the UE determines there are no co-scheduled DL signal(s) and / or channel(s) to be received simultaneously on the symbol(s) / slot(s), the UE may determine to transmit a UL transmission scheduled by the DCI based on applying the first component. The first component may be comprised of at least one of following: (i) A first SRI field and / or a first TPM I field (corresponding to a first panel or a first Layer-set), (ii) a second SRI field and / or a second TPM I field, for example, corresponding to a second panel or a second Layer-set, and / or (iii) one or more MCS fields (for the STxMP or STxML Tx).

[0270] Based on applying the first component, the UE may transmit the scheduled UL transmission (for example, as STxMP) simultaneously from the first panel, for example, based on the indicated first SRI field and the first TPMI field and from the second panel, for example, based on the indicated second SRI field and the second TPMI field. The UE may also apply the one or more MCS fields for the scheduled UL transmission.

[0271] On a condition that the UE determines there exists at least one co-scheduled DL signal(s) and / or channel(s) to be received simultaneously on the symbol(s) / slot(s), the UE may determine to transmit a UL transmission scheduled by the DCI based on applying the second component. The UE may determine that the second component is comprised of at least one of following: a third SRI field and / or a third TPMI field (corresponding to a panel or a UE antenna set (or port group) for the fallback UL Tx), and / or a second one or more MCS fields for the fallback UL Tx.

[0272] Based on applying the second component, the UE may perform, on the symbol(s) / slot(s), simultaneously the opportunistic fallback transmission, for example, based on the third SRI field, the third TPMI field, and the second one or more MCS fields for a first panel, and the reception of the DL signal(s) and / or channel(s) using a second panel.

[0273] In an embodiment, this operation may be performed in a multi-DCI (M-DCI) multi-TRP (mTRP) scenario, where each TRP may be connected via a non-ideal backhaul (for example, so, aTRP1 that schedules the STxMP UL Tx may not know whether a TRP2 also schedules a DL Rx on the same symbol(s) / slot(s)). This may provide benefits in terms of scheduling flexibility and efficiency and improve throughput performance on both UL and DL by resolving such a DL / UL scheduling collision case.

[0274] In an embodiment, a UE may receive one or more configurations for FD operation for a gNB and / or a UE. The one or more configurations may include parameter(s), in general, for FD operation, such as parameter(s) for time and / or frequency domain resource allocation for the FD transmission and / or reception. For example, the parameter(s) may include a set of FD symbols and / or slots, a set of non-FD symbols and / or slots, configuration of DL subband, UL subband, flexible subband, and / or (overlapping) FD subband, etc. The set of FD symbols may be associated with a FD operation (for example, SBFD or FD or subband-overlapping FD. The set of non-FD symbols may be associated with not being used for the FD operation (for example, non- SBFD symbols or non-FD symbols).

[0275] The UE may receive a configuration indicating a set of DL RSs (for example, CSI-RSs and / or SSB indexes, etc.) for measurement and reporting, for example, for beam management and / or cross-link interference measurement.

[0276] In an embodiment, a configuration for performing opportunistic fallback Tx is provided. In this embodiment, a UE may receive one or more configurations for performing opportunistic fallback Tx, which include which DCI format(s) and / or how the DCI fields are comprised in the DCI format(s).

[0277] In an embodiment, the UE may monitor, and / or be configured to monitor, the DCI format(s), where a DCI of the DCI format(s) at least includes or otherwise indicates a first component (for example, a first set of DCI field(s)) that is to be used when transmitting a non-FD transmission, for example, an STxMP transmission and / or an STxML transmission on a condition that no DL Rx is scheduled on a given symbol / slot, of the set of FD symbols / slots. The first component (for example, the first set of DCI field(s)) may comprise at least one of following: (a) a first SRI field and / or a first TPMI field that may correspond to a first panel or a first Layer-set; (b) a second SRI field and / or a second TPMI field that may correspond to a second panel or a second Layerset; and / or (c) one or more MCS fields, e.g., for the STxMP or STxML Tx.

[0278] In an embodiment, the UE may monitor, and / or be configured to monitor, the DCI format(s), where a DCI of the DCI format(s) includes at least a second component (for example, a second set of DCI field(s)) that is to be used when transmitting a fallback FD transmission (for example, single-panel-Tx or single-layer- set based Tx), for example, while receiving a DL via another panel or another UE-Rx antenna(s) and / or port(s). The second component (for example, the second set of DCI field(s)) may comprise at least one of following: (a) a third SRI field and / or a third TPMI field that may correspond to a panel or a UE antenna set or port group for the fallback UL Tx; (b) an indication or configuration that the third SRI field and / or a third TPMI field is based on or associated with either {the first SRI field and / or first TPMI field} or {the second SRI field and / or second TPMI field}; and (c) a second one or more MCS fields for the fallback UL Tx.

[0279] FIGs. 4A and 4B depict examples of STxMP transmission 400A and 400B, respectively, and FIG. 4C depicts an example of fallback full duplex transmission 400C. In FIGs. 4A and 4B, for example, the UE 420 may be configured with two panels (for example, Panel 1 421 and Panel 2 422) for performing STxMP transmission. As such, the UE 420 may simultaneously transmit UL1 431 and UL2 432 using Panel 1 421 and Panel 2 422, respectively. In this example, since the UE 420 may be using both panels for UL transmission, the UE 420 may be operating based on non-FD configurations. For example, the UE 420 may use the configured first SRI and / or first TPM I for the transmission of UL1 431 using Panel 1 421 to TRP 1 410a, which may be associated with a first SRS resource set. In another example, the UE 420 may use the configured second SRI and / or second TPMI for the transmission of UL2 432 using Panel 2 422 to TRP 2 410b , which may be associated with a second SRS resource set.

[0280] In one example, as shown in FIG. 4A, the transmission of UL1 431 may target TRP1 410a, for example, via a first UL beam associated with UL1 431, and the transmission of UL2 432 may target TRP2 410b, for example, via a second UL beam associated with UL2 432. The UE 420 may determine the first UL beam or be configured based on the first SRI and / or the first TPMI, which may be associated with at least one of TRP1 410a related / associated beam(s), RS(s), and / or QCL-source RS(s), etc. The UE 420 may determine the second UL beam or be configured based on the second SRI and / or the second TPMI, which may be associated with at least one of TRP2 410b related / associated beam(s), RS(s), and / or QCL-source RS(s), etc. The First SRI, first TPMI, second SRI, and second TPMI may be received from TRP1 410a or TRP2 410b or a first portion of the first SRI, first TPMI, second SRI, and second TPMI may be received from TRP1 410a and the remaining portion may be received from TRP2 410b

[0281] In another example, as shown in FIG. 4B, the transmission of UL1 431 may target TRP1 410a, for example, via a first UL beam associated with UL1 431 , and the transmission of UL2 432 may also target TRP1 410a, for example, via a second UL beam associated with UL2 432. The UE 420 may determine the first UL beam based on the first SRI and / or the first TPMI, which may be associated with at least one of TRP1 410a related / associated beam(s), RS(s), and / or QCL-source RS(s), etc. The UE 420 may determine the second UL beam based on the second SRI and / or the second TPMI, which may be associated with the at least one of TRP1 410a related / associated beam(s), RS(s), and / or QCL-source RS(s), etc.

[0282] In FIG. 4C, for example, the UE 420 may be triggered and / or configured to receive a DL occasion based on a configured and / or indicated TCI state. The UE 420 may determine or be configured to use one of the panels for DL reception (for example, using Panel 2 422). As such, the UE 420 may determine or be configured to fall back to full duplex (FD) operation, where the UE 420 may simultaneously transmit UL 431 and receive DL 433 based on fallback FD configurations. The UE 420 may simultaneously transmit UL 431 and receive DL 433 using Panel 1 421 and Panel 2 422, respectively. For example, the UE 420 may use the configured third SRI and / or third TPMI for the transmission of UL 431 using Panel 1 421. The third SRI and the third TPMI may be received from TRP1 410a or TRP2 410b or a first portion of the third SRI and the third TPMI may be received from TRP1 410a and the remaining portion may be received from TRP2 410b.

[0283] Examples of a format on the 'duplicated UL grant’ for opportunistic fallback transmission are provided below.

[0284] In one example, the UE may receive a DCI (for example, UL-scheduling-DCI, UL-grant, “duplicated UL grant’, etc.) that includes an explicit configuration on the opportunistic fallback Tx (for example, the third SRI field, the third T PMI field, and / or the second one or more MCS fields).

[0285] In another example, the UE may receive a separate MAC-CE that includes a configuration on the opportunistic fallback Tx, e.g., the second component, which may include or may be in addition to at least one of the third SRI field, the third TPMI field, and the second one or more MCS fields. The first component may be indicated by a DCI (for example, UL-DCI).

[0286] In another example, the UE may receive a separate RRC signaling, for example, as a part of CG- PUSCH config, that includes a configuration on the opportunistic fallback Tx, e.g., the second component, which may include or may be in addition to at least one of the third SRI field, the third TPMI field, and the second one or more MCS fields. The first component may be indicated by a DCI (for example, UL-DCI).

[0287] The ‘duplicated UL grant’ may be indicated by a DCI, however the processes may also be employed for other cases or examples. For example, a configuration for the opportunistic fallback may be provided by the MAC-CE that may be separate, or by the RRC signaling that may be separate.

[0288] In an embodiment, on reception of 'duplicated UL grant’ for opportunistic fallback transmission, the UE may receive a DCI (for example, UL-scheduling-DCI, UL-grant, “duplicated UL grant”, etc ) that includes a first component, for example that may correspond to a first UL Tx hypothesis, and a second component, for example that may correspond to a second UL Tx hypothesis, where the second component is used for performing an opportunistic fallback transmission when a corresponding condition is met. If the condition is not met, the UE may perform a UL transmission based on the first component. The first UL Tx hypothesis may be based on STxMP. The first UL Tx hypothesis may be based on a STxML. The first component may comprise a first SRI field, first TPMI field, second SRI field, second TPMI field, and / or first one or more MCS fields, e.g. for the STxMP or STxML Tx. The second UL Tx hypothesis may be based on a single-TRP transmission, for example, a UL transmission toward a single TRP This may be an opportunistic fallback UL transmission. The second UL Tx hypothesis may be based on a UL transmission from a single panel. This may be an opportunistic fallback UL transmission. The second component may comprise a third SRI field, third TPMI field, and / or second one or more MCS fields. This may be for an opportunistic fallback UL transmission. The condition for performing an opportunistic fallback UL transmission, which may be based on the second UL Tx hypothesis, may be based at least on whether there exists a co-scheduled DL reception and / or monitoring on a same symbol(s) / slot(s) on which the UL transmission is performed.

[0289] Based on receiving the DCI, the UE may be configured to determine whether the condition is met or not on a symbol(s) where a UL transmission based on the DCI is to be transmitted. When the UE determines the condition is not met (for example, there are no co-scheduled DL signal(s) and / or channel(s) to be receivedsimultaneously on the symbol(s)), the UE may perform the scheduled UL transmission (for example, as STxML or STxMP) based on the first component indicated by the DCI.

[0290] When the UE determines the condition is met (for example, there exists at least one co-scheduled DL signal(s) and / or channel(s) to be received simultaneously on the symbol(s)), the UE may determine or be configured to perform the opportunistic fallback Tx based on the second component indicated by the DCI. The UE may perform, on the symbol(s), simultaneously the opportunistic fallback transmission and the reception of the DL signal(s) and / or channel(s).

[0291] In an embodiment, the UE may receive information (e g., configuration) indicating the condition for performing an opportunistic fallback transmission, e.g., based on the second UL Tx hypothesis.

[0292] The condition for performing an opportunistic fallback transmission, for example, based on the second UL Tx hypothesis, may be based on whether there exists a co-scheduled reception and / or monitoring on a same symbol(s) / slot(s) on which the transmission is performed. In one example, the UE may receive information indicating one or more particularly defined, configured, or indicated set(s) of signal(s) and / or channel(s) to be checked whether a reception for the UE is co-scheduled.

[0293] For example, type(s) of PDSCH may include at least one of: DG-PDSCH, SPS-PDSCH, PDSCH scheduled by a particular DCI format(s) (for example, at least one of DCI format 1_0 as a compact DCI, format 1_1 as a general DL grant, format 1_2 for a particular service (for example, URLLC)), PDSCH scheduled via UE-specific search space, PDSCH scheduled via cell-specific search space, PDSCH scheduled with scheduling offset being larger than or less than a threshold, PDSCH scheduled by a DCI scrambled with a particular RNTI (for example, C-RNTI, or other configured RNTI), PDSCH scheduled via a particular CO RES ETpool Index, or TRP index, etc., and / or PDSCH scheduled via a particular subband(s) (for example, a DL subband, a guard band, a first / upper DL subband, a second / lower DL subband, both DL subbands as non-contiguous subbands, a flexible subband which can be either UL or DL subband, a UL subband based on an exception rule, etc.).

[0294] For example, type(s) of PDCCH may include at least one of: PDCCH received via a particular set of CORESET(s) (for example, CORESET#0, a configured set of CORESETs, CORESET(s) associated with a CORESETpoollD value or TRP index, etc., CORESET(s) other than CORESET#0, etc.), PDCCH based on a particular DCI format(s) (for example, at least one of DCI format 1_0 as a compact DCI, format 1_1 as a general DL grant, format 1_2 for a particular service (for example, URLLC)), PDCCH received via UE-specific search space, PDCCH received via cell-specific search space, PDCCH based on a DCI scrambled with a particular RNTI (for example, C-RNTI, or other configured RNTI), and / or PDCCH received via a particular subband(s) (for example, a DL subband, a guard band, a first / upper DL subband, a second / lower DL subband, both DL subbands as non-contiguous subbands, a flexible subband which can be either UL or DL subband, a UL subband based on an exception rule, etc.).

[0295] For example, type(s) of RS may include at least one of: CSI-RS(s), CSI-RS resource(s), CSI-RS resource set(s), TRS (for example, as CSI-RS fortracking), CSI-RS forCSI (for example, forCSI measurementand reporting), CSI-RS for beam management, DMRS, DMRS associated with particular PDSCH(s), DMRS associated with particular PDCCH(s), SSB(s), SSB index(es), a set of SSBs that may be cell defining (for example, used for initial access), a set of SSBs that may not be cell defining (for example, configured for particular measurement(s)), RS(s) associated with serving-cell (e.g. associated with a PCI), RS(s) associated with one or more of non-serving-cell PCIs, RS(s) associated with one or more of additional PCIs (for example, for inter-cell BM), RS(s) associated with one or more of active additional PCIs (for example, that are additional PCIs being associated with TCI-state(s) that are currently activated by a MAC-CE), PTRS, and / or RS(s) received via a particular subband(s) (for example, a DL subband, a guard band, a first / upper DL subband, a second / lower DL subband, both DL subbands as non-contiguous subbands, a flexible subband which can be either UL or DL subband, a UL subband based on an exception rule, etc.).

[0296] The condition for performing an opportunistic fallback transmission, for example, based on the second UL Tx hypothesis, may be based on a beam relation between a Tx beam and a co-scheduled Rx beam on a same symbol(s) / slot(s) on which the transmission is performed. The UE may receive information indicating one or more particularly defined, configured, or indicated set(s) of signal(s) and / or channel(s) to be checked for whether a reception for the UE is co-scheduled. The UE may receive information indicating one or more allowed beam relations each between a Tx beam (for example, a TCI-state, a UL-TCI-state, a joint DL / UL-TCI- state, a UL-RS (for example, SRS), a spatial-relation parameter, etc.) and a co-scheduled Rx beam (for example, a TCI-state, a DL-TCI-state, a joint DL / UL-TCI-state, a DL-RS (for example, CSI-RS and / or SSB index), a parameter for spatial Rx, for example, QCL-type D parameter, etc.), where the beam relation is one of the one or more allowed beam relations.

[0297] The condition for performing an opportunistic fallback transmission, for example, based on the second UL Tx hypothesis, may be based on a frequency distance between a Tx resource and a co-scheduled Rx resource. In one example, the UE may receive information on how to determine the frequency distance, for example, based on at least one RB index (for example, being lowest or highest) associated with the Tx resource that may be scheduled by the DCI and at least one RB index (for example, being lowest or highest) associated with the co-scheduled Rx resource. The UE may receive information indicating one or more particularly defined, configured, or indicated set(s) of signal(s) and / or channel(s) to be checked for whether a reception for the UE is co-scheduled. The UE may perform opportunistic fallback transmission if the frequency distance is below a threshold.

[0298] The condition for performing an opportunistic fallback transmission, for example, based on the second UL Tx hypothesis, may be based on a Tx power level that may be determined by a power control process or power headroom and a threshold, which may determine a level of self-interference impacting to the co-scheduled Rx. In one example, the UE may receive information on how to determine whether the condition is met or not based on the Tx power level related parameter(s) and the threshold, for example, based on a configured or indicated function for the determination. The UE may receive information indicating one or moreparticularly defined, configured, or indicated set(s) of signal(s) and / or channel(s) to be for whether a reception for the UE is co-scheduled.

[0299] In the above examples, at least one of a threshold for the Tx power level, power headroom or frequency distance may be configured by higher layers or may be pre-defined The threshold may be a function of at least one property of the co-scheduled Rx, such as a number of layers / rank or MCS. For example, a threshold may be a first threshold if the number of layers of the co-scheduled Rx is lower or equal than a rank threshold and the MCS is lower or equal than an MCS threshold, or a second threshold if the number of layers of the co-scheduled Rx is higher than a rank threshold or the MCS is higher than an MCS threshold The values of the first and second thresholds, the rank threshold and the MCS threshold may be pre-defined or configured by higher layers and / or indicated by dynamic signaling, for example, DCI.

[0300] The UE may receive a DCI (for example, UL-DCI) that at least schedules a multi-layer UL transmission (for example, STxML or STxMP). The UE may determine that the scheduled multi-layer UL Tx is to be performed on a symbol(s) / slot(s) of the set of FD symbols / slots.

[0301] When the UE determines the condition is not met, for example, there are no co-scheduled DL signal(s) and / or channel(s) to be received simultaneously on the symbol(s) / slot(s), the UE may transmit the scheduled multi-layer UL Tx (for example, STxML or STxMP) based on information indicated by the DCI.

[0302] When the UE determines the condition is met, for example, there exist at least one co-scheduled DL signal(s) and / or channel(s) to be received simultaneously on the symbol(s) / slot(s), the UE may determine to perform the opportunistic fallback Tx, for example, based on using at least one of {the third SRI field, the third TPM I field that may, for example, correspond to a panel or a UE antenna set or port-group for the fallback UL Tx, and the second one or more MCS fields}, for example, indicated by the DCI, a MAC-CE, and / or an RRC signal. The UE may receive an indication or configuration that the third SRI field and / or a third TPMI field is based on or associated with either one of the {first SRI field and / or first TPMI field} or the {second SRI field and / or second TPMI field}.

[0303] The UE may perform, on the symbol(s) / slot(s), simultaneously the opportunistic fallback transmission and the reception of the DL signal(s) and / or channel(s). For example, this operation may be performed in a multi-DCI multi-TRP scenario, where each TRP may be connected via a non-ideal backhaul. For example, a TRP1 that schedules the multi-layer UL Tx may not know whether a TRP2 also schedules a DL Rx on the same symbol(s) / slot(s).

[0304] The UE may receive a CG-PUSCH configuration, for example, by RRC signaling, that at least schedules a multi-layer UL transmission (for example, STxML or STxMP). The UE may determine that the scheduled multi-layer UL Tx is to be performed on a symbol(s) / slot(s) of a set of FD symbols / slots

[0305] When the UE determines the condition is not met, for example, that there are no co-scheduled DL signal(s) and / or channel(s) to be received simultaneously on the symbol(s) / slot(s), the UE may transmit the scheduled multi-layer UL Tx based on the information indicated by the CG-PUSCH configuration. This multilayer UL Tx may include transmission via two or more panels, ports, antennas, etc.

[0306] When the UE determines the condition is met, for example, there exists at least one co-scheduled DL signal(s) and / or channel(s) to be received simultaneously on the symbol(s) / slot(s), the UE may determine to perform the opportunistic fallback Tx, for example, based on using at least one of {the third SRI field, the third TPM I field, and the second one or more MCS fields}, for example, indicated by a DCI, a MAC-CE, and / or an RRC signal (for example, the CG-PUSCH configuration). This fallback UL Tx may include transmission via one panel, port, antenna, etc.

[0307] The UE may perform, on the symbol(s) / slot(s), simultaneously the opportunistic fallback transmission and the reception of the signal(s) and / or channel(s). For example, this operation may be performed in a single TRP scenario, where the scheduling contents in the CG-PUSCH configuration may not be dynamically updated, so, the UE may determine whether to perform the opportunistic fallback Tx on each symbol(s) / slot(s) basis that may be under the CG-PUSCH configuration.

[0308] In an embodiment, a UE may transmit one or more reports and / or indications to indicate the determined transmission mode. The report may include information regarding the determined transmission mode. For example, the UE may transmit the report to a gNB In one example, the UE may send the report and / or indications via UCI, MAC-CE, and / or RRC signaling.

[0309] In an embodiment, the UE may indicate the determined transmission mode via a flag indication, where a first value (for example, zero) may indicate a first transmission mode and a second flag value (for example, one) may indicate a second transmission mode. For example, the first transmission mode may indicate STxMP, where the second transmission mode may indicate the fallback FD transmission, or vice versa.

[0310] In an embodiment, the UE may indicate the time span, during which the UE may apply the determined transmission mode. In one example, the UE may indicate the starting time, the time duration, and / or the end time. For example, the UE may indicate the time duration based on time instances, for example number of symbols, slots, frames, subframes, etc. In another example, the UE may indicate the time duration based on time units, for example milliseconds, microseconds, etc. In another example, the UE may indicate the time duration based on a number of UL occasions, for example N UL occasions. That is, the UE may indicate that the UE may apply the determined mode of transmission for the indicated number of configured and / or scheduled UL occasions, for example N UL occasions, wherein N is an integer.

[0311] In an embodiment, the UE may indicate if applying the determined transmission mode may take place semi-persistently, periodically, or aperiodically. For example, the UE may determine the periodicity for applying the determined transmission mode based on the detected, triggered, and / or determined conditions, for example the co-scheduled reception, as described herein.

[0312] In one example, the UE may receive configurations, determine, and / or be configured with time and frequency resources to transmit the report and / or indications. For example, the UE may be configured or determine to transmit the report before or after applying the determined transmission mode.

[0313] In an embodiment, the UE may report before applying the determined transmission mode For example, a UE that is operating based on a first transmission mode may determine to apply a secondtransmission mode. In one example, the UE that is operating based on STxMP using both Panel 1 and Panel 2 (see Figs. 4A and 4B) may determine to fallback to FD transmission, for example for a time duration As such, the UE that has determined to fallback to FD Tx may use Panel 1 for transmission and Panel 2 for reception (see Fig. 4C).

[0314] The UE may be configured or determine to transmit the report before applying the determined transmission mode as soon as the UE detects one or more conditions are met and / or receives one or more triggers to fallback to FD Tx. In one example, the UE may determine to transmit the report before applying fallback to FD Tx, if there in a long enough time window between detecting the conditions and / or receiving the one or more triggers and applying the required changes. For example, the UE may determine that the time window between receiving a DL scheduling grant and the time to receive the DL is longer than a time threshold, wherein the UE may determine to transmit the report before applying the changes required for fallback to FD Tx.

[0315] The UE may determine the changes to apply the fallback to FD Tx includes using the configured spatial domain filter for receiving the DL (for example, via Panel 2), and using the configured spatial domain filter for transmitting the UL (for example, third SRI and / or third TPMI, for example, via Panel 1), etc.

[0316] In one example, the UE may send the indication based on the STxMP using first and second configured SRI and / or TPMI via Panel 1 and Panel 2, respectively. In another example, the UE may send the indication using only first configured SRI and / or TPMI via Panel 1.

[0317] In another example, the UE may be configured or determine to send the report as part of a configured CSI report. In another example, the UE may transmit a scheduling request, for example via configured PUCCH resources. As such, the UE may transmit the determined transmission mode and corresponding information as part of the transmitted scheduling request.

[0318] In an embodiment, the UE may report after applying the determined transmission mode. For example, a UE that is operating based on a first transmission mode may determine to apply a second transmission mode. In one example, the UE that is operating based on STxMP may determine to fallback to FD transmission. The UE may be configured or determine to transmit the report after applying the determined second transmission mode.

[0319] In an embodiment, the UE may indicate switching to fallback FD transmission by transmitting the configured and / or scheduled UL using the configured third SRI and / or TPMI. As such, the gNB may realize that the UE has switched to the fallback FD Tx upon reception of the configured and / or scheduled UL based on spatial filters corresponding to the configured third SRI and / or TPMI. In this way, the switch may be implicitly indicated by the UE.

[0320] In an embodiment, the UE may transmit the report and / or indication via one or more explicit indications. For example, the UE may send the report as part of UCI and / or MAC-CE associated with the configured and / or scheduled UL transmission. In one example, the UE that is scheduled to transmit a PUCCH may include the report as part of the transmitted UCI. In another example, the UE that is scheduled to transmita PUSCH may include the report as part of the transmitted MAC-CE. In another example, the UE may transmit the report using the configured third SRI and / or TPMI, for example via Panel 1 in Fig. 4A

[0321] In another example, the UE may send the report as part of HARQ-ACK transmission that is associated with the received scheduled DL, for example via Panel 2 in Fig. 4C. In one example, the UE may transmit an enhanced HARQ-ACK codebook, where the codebook may include an indication to indicate whether the UE has performed fallback to FD Tx. A first value (for example, zero) may indicate that fallback to FD Tx is not applied, and a second flag value (for example, one) may indicate that fallback to FD Tx is applied, or vice versa.

[0322] A UE that has more than two panels can perform STxMP (for example, via two of the panels), while receiving the scheduled DL (for example, via a third panel). In this scenario, the UE may indicate (for example, to the gNB, by the first value for the flag) that fallback to FD Tx is not applied.

[0323] Although features and elements are described above in particular combinations, one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that each feature or element can be used alone or in any combination with the other features and elements. In addition, the methods described herein may be implemented in a computer program, software, or firmware incorporated in a computer-readable medium for execution by a computer or processor. Examples of computer-readable media include electronic signals (transmitted over wired or wireless connections) and computer-readable storage media. Examples of computer-readable storage media include, but are not limited to, a read only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a register, cache memory, semiconductor memory devices, magnetic media such as internal hard disks and removable disks, magnetooptical media, and optical media such as CD-ROM disks, and digital versatile disks (DVDs). A processor in association with software may be used to implement a radio frequency transceiver for use in a WTRU, UE, terminal, base station, RNC, or any host computer.

Claims

CLAIMSWhat is Claimed:

1. A method, performed by a wireless transmit receive unit (WTRU) that includes a plurality of groups of antennas, wherein each group of antennas includes two or more antennas, comprising: receiving configuration information for transmission, wherein the configuration information for a transmission includes at least a first component for simultaneously transmitting from two or more groups of antennas of the plurality of groups of antennas and a second component for transmitting from one or more groups of antennas of the plurality of groups of antennas, wherein the first component uses more groups of antennas than the second component; and transmitting a first signal using the first component or the second component based on whether a second signal is co-scheduled for reception by the WTRU while the WTRU is scheduled to transmit the first signal.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the configuration information is received from at least one transmission / reception point.

3. The method of claim 1 or 2, further comprising: reporting whether the first component or the second component is for transmitting the first signal.

4. The method of any one of claims 1 through 3, further comprising: determining that the second signal is not co-scheduled for reception by the WTRU while the WTRU is scheduled to transmit the first signal; and transmitting the first signal using the first component.

5. The method of any one of claims 1 through 4, further comprising: transmitting at least a first portion of the first signal to a first transmission / reception point using a first group of antennas of the two or more groups of antennas; and simultaneously transmitting at least a second portion of the first signal to a second transmission / reception point using a second group of antennas of the two or more groups of antennas.

6. The method of any one of claims 1 through 5, further comprising: transmitting at least a first portion of the first signal to a first transmission / reception point using a first group of antennas of the two or more groups of antennas; andsimultaneously transmitting at least a second portion of the first signal to the first transmission / reception point using a second group of antennas of the two or more groups of antennas.

7. The method of any one of claims 1 through 3, further comprising: determining that the second signal is co-scheduled for reception by the WTRU while the WTRU is scheduled to transmit the first signal; and transmitting the first signal using the second component.

8. The method of claim 7, further comprising: transmitting the first signal using the one or more groups of antennas while receiving the second signal using at least another group of antennas different than the one or more groups of antennas9. A method performed by a transmission / reception point (TRP), the method comprising: transmitting configuration information to a wireless transmit receive unit (WTRU) to be used by the WTRU for transmission, wherein the configuration information includes at least a first component for the WTRU to use to simultaneously transmit from two or more groups of antennas and a second component for the WTRU to use to transmit from one or more groups of antennas, wherein the first component uses more groups of antennas than the second component; and receiving a first signal from the WTRU that is based on the first component or the second component based on whether a second signal is co-scheduled for reception by the WTRU while the WTRU is scheduled to transmit the first signal.

10. The method of claim 9, further comprising: receiving a report from the WTRU whether the first component or the second component is for transmission of the first signal.

11. The method of claim 9 or 10, wherein the second signal is not co-scheduled for reception by the WTRU while the WTRU is scheduled to transmit the first signal, the method further comprising: receiving the first signal, wherein the first signal is based on the first component.

12. The method of claim 9 or 10, wherein the second signal is co-scheduled for reception by the WTRU while the WTRU is scheduled to transmit the first signal, the method further comprising: receiving the first signal, wherein the first signal is based on the second component.

13. The method of any one of claims 1 through 12, wherein the one or more groups of antennas is a subset of the two or more groups of antennas such that the one or more groups of antennas include common antennas with the two or more groups of antennas.

14. The method of any one of claims 1 through 13, wherein the second signal is co-scheduled for reception by the WTRU while the WTRU is scheduled to transmit the first signal when a condition is satisfied that conflicts with the WTRU using the two or more groups of antennas to transmit the first signal.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein the condition is satisfied based on one or more of: (a) both the second signal is scheduled for reception by the WTRU and the WTRU is scheduled to transmit the first signal in a same symbol, a same time slot, or a time period; (b) a beam relation of the first signal and the second signal; (c) a frequency distance between first signal and the second signal; and (d) a transmission power or transmission power headroom of the WTRU16. The method of any one of claims 1 through 15, wherein the first signal is an uplink signal.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein the first signal is a configured-grant-based uplink transmission.

18. The method of any one of claims 1 through 17, wherein the second signal is a downlink signal.

19. The method of any one of claims 1 through 18, wherein the two or more groups of antennas is two groups of antennas and wherein the one or more groups of antennas is one group of antennas.

20. The method of any one of claims 1 through 19, wherein each group of antennas of the plurality of groups of antennas is a panel.

21. The method of any one of claims 1 through 20, wherein: the first component indicates: a first sounding reference signal resource indicator (SRI), a first transmit precoding matrix index (TPMI), a second SRI, a second TPMI, and a first set of one or more modulation and coding scheme (MCS) fields; and the second component indicates: a third SRI, a third TPMI, and a second set of one or more MCS fields.

22. The method of claim 21 , wherein the first set of one or more MCS fields is common to the second set of one or more MCS fields.

23. A wireless transmit receive unit (WTRU) comprising: a plurality of groups of antennas; a receiver configured to receive configuration information for transmission, wherein the configuration information for a transmission includes at least a first component for simultaneously transmitting from two or more groups of antennas of the plurality of groups of antennas and a second component for transmitting from one or more groups of antennas of the plurality of groups of antennas, wherein the first component uses more groups of antennas than the second component; and a transmitter configured to transmit a first signal using the first component or the second component based on whether a second signal is co-scheduled for reception by the WTRU while the WTRU is scheduled to transmit the first signal.

24. The WTRU of any one of claim 23, wherein the configuration information is received from at least one transmission / reception point.

25. The WTRU of claim 23 or 24, wherein the transmitter is further configured to: report whether the first component or the second component is for transmitting the first signal.

26. The WTRU of any one of claims 23 through 25, further comprising: a processor configured to determine that the second signal is not co-scheduled for reception by the WTRU while the WTRU is scheduled to transmit the first signal; and the transmitter is further configured to transmit the first signal using the first component.

27. The WTRU of any one of claims 23 through 26, wherein the transmitter is further configured to: transmit at least a first portion of the first signal to a first transmission / reception point using a first group of antennas of the two or more groups of antennas; and simultaneously transmit at least a second portion of the first signal to a second transmission / reception point using a second group of antennas of the two or more groups of antennas.

28. The WTRU of any one of claims 23 through 27, wherein the transmitter is further configured to: transmit at least a first portion of the first signal to a first transmission / reception point using a first group of antennas of the two or more groups of antennas; andsimultaneously transmit at least a second portion of the first signal to the first transmission / reception point using a second group of antennas of the two or more groups of antennas.

29. The WTRU of any one of claims 23 through 25, further comprising: a processor configured to determine that the second signal is co-scheduled for reception by the WTRU while the WTRU is scheduled to transmit the first signal; and the transmitter is further configured to transmit the first signal using the second component.

30. The WTRU of claim 29, wherein: the transmitter is further configured to transmit the first signal using the one or more groups of antennas; and the receiver is further configured to receive, while the transmitter transmits the first signal, the second signal using at least another group of antennas different than the one or more groups of antennas.

31. A transmission / reception point (TRP) comprising: a transmitter configured to transmit configuration information to a wireless transmit receive unit (WTRU) to be used by the WTRU for transmission, wherein the configuration information includes at least a first component for the WTRU to use to simultaneously transmit from two or more groups of antennas and a second component for the WTRU to use to transmit from one or more groups of antennas, wherein the first component uses more groups of antennas than the second component; and a receiver configured to receive a first signal from the WTRU that is based on the first component or the second component based on whether a second signal is co-scheduled for reception by the WTRU while the WTRU is scheduled to transmit the first signal.

32. The TRP of claim 31 , wherein the receiver is further configured to: receive a report from the WTRU whether the first component or the second component is for transmission of the first signal.

33. The TRP of claim 31 or 32, wherein the second signal is not co-scheduled for reception by the WTRU while the WTRU is scheduled to transmit the first signal, and the receiver is further configured to: receive the first signal, wherein the first signal is based on the first component.

34. The TRP of claim 31 or 32, wherein the second signal is co-scheduled for reception by the WTRU while the WTRU is scheduled to transmit the first signal, and the receiver is further configured to:receive the first signal, wherein the first signal is based on the second component.

35. The WTRU of any one of claims 23 through 30 or the TRP of any one of claims 31 through 34, wherein the one or more groups of antennas is a subset of the two or more groups of antennas such that the one or more groups of antennas include common antennas with the two or more groups of antennas.

36. The WTRU of any one of claims 23 through 30 or 35 or the TRP of any one of claims 31 through 35, wherein the second signal is co-scheduled for reception by the WTRU while the WTRU is scheduled to transmit the first signal when a condition is satisfied that conflicts with the WTRU using the two or more groups of antennas to transmit the first signal.

37. The WTRU or TRP of claim 36, wherein the condition is satisfied based on one or more of: (a) both the second signal is scheduled for reception by the WTRU and the WTRU is scheduled to transmit the first signal in a same symbol, a same time slot, or a time period; (b) a beam relation of the first signal and the second signal; (c) a frequency distance between first signal and the second signal; and (d) a transmission power or transmission power headroom of the WTRU38. The WTRU of any one of claims 23 through 30 or 35 through 37 or the TRP of any one of claims 31 through 37, wherein the first signal is an uplink signal.

39. The WTRU or TRP of claim 38, wherein the first signal is a configured-grant-based uplink transmission.

40. The WTRU of any one of claims 23 through 30 or 35 through 39 or the TRP of any one of claims 31 through 39, wherein the second signal is a downlink signal.

41. The WTRU of any one of claims 23 through 30 or 35 through 40 or the TRP of any one of claims 31 through 40, wherein the two or more groups of antennas is two groups of antennas and wherein the one or more groups of antennas is one group of antennas.

42. The WTRU of any one of claims 23 through 30 or 35 through 41 or the TRP of any one of claims 31 through 41 , wherein each group of antennas of the plurality of groups of antennas is a panel43. The WTRU of any one of claims 23 through 30 or 35 through 42 or the TRP of any one of claims 31 through 42, wherein: the first component indicates: a first sounding reference signal resource indicator (SRI), a first transmit precoding matrix index (TPMI), a second SRI, a second TPMI, and a first set of one or more modulation and coding scheme (MCS) fields; andthe second component indicates: a third SRI, a third TPMI, and a second set of one or more MCS fields.

44. The WTRU or TRP of claim 43, wherein the first set of one or more MCS fields is common to the second set of one or more MCS fields.

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