Carrier phase measurement of a path for sensing

Abstract

Various aspects of the present disclosure relate to carrier phase measurement of a path for sensing. An apparatus, such as a User Equipment (UE), receives a measurement configuration for measuring one or more of a first Reference Signal (RS), a second RS, or a Reference Signal Carrier Phase Difference of a Path (RSCPDP) based at least in part on the first RS and the second RS received via one or more sensing paths. The measurement configuration includes an indication of the one or more sensing paths. The apparatus receives a reporting configuration associated with the measurement configuration and measures the RSCPDP based at least in part on the first RS and second RS received via the one or more sensing paths. The apparatus reports a measurement report including a measured RSCPDP value and based at least in part on the reporting configuration.

Description

Lenovo Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCT 1 CARRIER PHASE MEASUREMENT OF A PATH FOR SENSING RELATED APPLICATION

[0001] This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application Serial No. 63 / 550,014 filed 05 February 2024 entitled “CARRIER PHASE MEASUREMENT OF A PATH FOR SENSING,” the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. TECHNICAL FIELD

[0002] The present disclosure relates to wireless communications, and more specifically to radio sensing in wireless communication networks. BACKGROUND

[0003] A wireless communications system may include one or multiple network communication devices, such as base stations, which may support wireless communications for one or multiple user communication devices, which may be otherwise known as user equipment (UE), or other suitable terminology. The wireless communications system may support wireless communications with one or multiple user communication devices by utilizing resources of the wireless communication system (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers, or the like). Additionally, the wireless communications system may support wireless communications across various radio access technologies including third generation (3G) radio access technology, fourth generation (4G) radio access technology, fifth generation (5G) radio access technology, among other suitable radio access technologies beyond 5G (e.g., sixth generation (6G)). SUMMARY

[0004] An article “a” before an element is unrestricted and understood to refer to “at least one” of those elements or “one or more” of those elements. The terms “a,” “at least one,” “one or more,” and “at least one of one or more” may be interchangeable. As used herein, including in the claims, “or” as used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items prefaced by a phrase such as “at least one of” or Attorney Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCT 2 “one or more of” or “one or both of”) indicates inclusive list such that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C). Also, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step that is described as “based on condition A” may be based on both a condition A and a condition B without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall be construed in the same manner as the phrase “based at least in part on”. Further, as used herein, including in the claims, a “set” may include one or more elements.

[0005] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include a UE, a processor, and / or a Network Equipment (NE) for wireless communication to receive a measurement configuration for measuring one or more of a first Reference Signal (RS), a second RS, or a Reference Signal Carrier Phase Difference of a Path (RSCPDP) based at least in part on the first RS and the second RS received via one or more sensing paths (the one or more sensing paths, for instance can be part of a groups of paths and / or rays associated with a reflector), the measurement configuration including an indication of the one or more sensing paths; receive a reporting configuration associated with the measurement configuration; measure the RSCPDP based at least in part on the first RS and second RS received via the one or more sensing paths; and report a measurement report including a measured RSCPDP value based at least in part on the reporting configuration.

[0006] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses for a UE, processor, and / or a NE described herein, the second RS is received via one or more of a different frequency band, a different Bandwidth Part (BWP), a different Positioning Frequency Layer (PFL), or a different Component Carrier (CC) than the first RS; one or more sensing paths are based at least in part on one or more of one or more previously detected sensing paths, one or more reported sensing paths, or one or more sensing paths determined by the apparatus; the apparatus includes one or more of a UE, a Positioning Reference Unit (PRU), a gNB, or a Transmission-Reception Point (TRP); the indication of one or more sensing paths includes one or more of: one or more sensing path descriptions; one or more sensing path Identifiers (IDs); one or more of an object ID or a reflector ID associated to a path; one or more of a signal ID or an RS ID from which a previously detected or reported path has been observed (e.g., the path is identified via a path ID together with a RS ID); Attorney Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCT 3 one or more path numbers or path order (e.g., a second arrival path in a delay domain); or a sensing path ordering logic; the one or more sensing path IDs include one or more IDs for one or more identified sensing paths that are one or more of previously measured or previously defined by the apparatus, and where the one or more sensing path IDs are associated with one or more RS via which the apparatus measured the identified one or more sensing paths; the sensing path ordering logic includes one or more of an order of arrival path in delay, an order of arrival path arrival in zenith closest to one or more of a first arrival path in delay or a Line of Sight (LOS) path.

[0007] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses for a UE, processor, and / or a NE described herein, the measurement configuration further includes an indication of a first measurement time reference for measurement of the first RS and a second measurement time reference for measurement of the second RS, where the first measurement time reference is identical to or different than the second measurement time reference; the measurement configuration further includes an indication of a first measurement phase reference for measurement of a reference path and a second measurement phase reference for measurement of a sensing path, where the first measurement phase reference for measurement and the second measurement phase reference for measurement are identical or different; the measurement configuration further includes an indication of a first measurement frequency reference for measurement of the first RS and a second measurement frequency reference for measurement of the second RS, where the first measurement frequency reference is identical to or different than the second measurement frequency reference; the measurement configuration further includes an indication of a first measurement Antenna Reference Point (ARP) reference for measurement of the first RS and a second measurement ARP reference for measurement of the second RS, where the first measurement ARP reference for measurement is identical to or different than the second measurement ARP reference for measurement; the measurement configuration further includes an indication of a computation model for measurement of one or more of Carrier Phase (CP) or CP Difference (CPD) of the first RS and the second RS.

[0008] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses for a UE, processor, and / or a NE described herein, the measurement configuration further includes measurement configuration attributes including at least one of one or more associated Transmission Points (TPs), one or more associated sensing signals, one or more measurement time references, one or more measurement Attorney Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCT 4 frequency references, one or more ARPs, or more computation models for measurement of one or more of CP or CPD of the first RS and the second RS, and where instances of the measurement configuration attributes are one or more of: indicated implicitly or explicitly to the apparatus by a sensing controller apparatus; determined, at least in part, autonomously by the apparatus and reported to the sensing controller apparatus; assumed to be identical for measurements of the first RS and the second RS by which the RSCPDP is measured; one or more of not indicated as part of the measurement configuration, not determined by the apparatus, or not included in the measurement report; one or more of an on-demand configuration requested by the apparatus or a measurement configuration report transmitted by the apparatus to the sensing controller apparatus; or combinations thereof.

[0009] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses for a UE, processor, and / or a NE described herein, measurement of the RSCPDP is further associated with a first measurement, and where the first measurement includes one or more of: Reference Signal Time Difference (RSTD) of two or more sensing paths; Relative Time of Arrival (RTOA) of two or more sensing paths; reception-to-transmission time difference of two or more sensing paths; one or more of Angle of Arrival (AoA) measurement or Zenith of Arrival (ZoA) measurement of a sensing path; one or more of AoA difference or ZoA difference of two or more sensing paths; doppler shift measurement of a sensing path; or measurement of doppler shift difference of two or more sensing paths; the at least one processor is configured to cause the apparatus to configure the measurement of the RSCPDP and the first measurement jointly; to perform the measurement of the RSCPDP and the first measurement, the at least one processor is configured to cause the apparatus to use one or more of: the first RS and the second RS for the measurement of RSCPDP and the first measurement; a same TP; a same sensing path; or one or more of a same set of time reference points, a same set of frequency reference points, or a same set of ARPs; the at least one processor is configured to cause the apparatus to one or more of jointly configure or jointly report, via a common message, the measurement report and the first measurement; the at least one processor is configured to cause the apparatus to perform joint reporting of the measurement report and the first measurement, and where the joint reporting utilizes a joint codebook for reporting the measurement report and the first measurement. Attorney Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCT 5

[0010] In some implementations of the and apparatuses for a UE, processor, and / or a NE described herein, the at least one processor is configured to cause the apparatus to obtain a timing measurement based at least in part on the measurement of RSCPDP and the first measurement, and report the timing measurement; the at least one processor is configured to cause the apparatus to report the timing measurement as a timing correction to a previous timing measurement; the at least one processor is configured to cause the apparatus to transmit, to a sensing controller apparatus, a capability report for the apparatus, and receive the measurement configuration based at least in part on the capability report; the one or more sensing paths include at least one of: one or more propagation paths associated with at least one of a sensing target or a sensing target area of interest; one or more propagation paths associated with a LOS propagation condition from one or more sensing transmission apparatus; or one or more propagation paths associated with a reflection from at least one of a known reflector or a known object.

[0011] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include a UE, processor, and / or a NE for wireless communication to transmit a measurement configuration for measuring one or more of a first RS, a second RS, or a RSCPDP based at least in part on the first RS and the second RS received via one or more sensing paths, the measurement configuration including an indication of the one or more sensing paths; transmit a reporting configuration associated with the measurement configuration; and receive a measurement report including a measured RSCPDP value based at least in part on the reporting configuration.

[0012] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses for a UE, processor, and / or NE described herein, the indication of one or more sensing paths includes one or more of: one or more sensing path descriptions; one or more sensing path IDs; one or more of an object ID or a reflector ID associated to a path; one or more of a signal ID or an RS ID from which a previously detected or reported path has been observed; one or more path numbers or path order numbers; or a sensing path ordering logic; the measurement configuration further includes an indication of a first measurement time reference for measurement of the first RS and a second measurement time reference for measurement of the second RS, where the first measurement time reference is identical to or different than the second measurement time reference; the measurement configuration further includes an indication of a first measurement phase reference for measurement of a reference path and a second measurement phase reference for measurement of the one or more Attorney Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCT 6 sensing paths, where the first measurement reference for measurement and the second measurement phase reference for measurement are identical or different; where the measurement configuration further includes an indication of a first measurement frequency reference for measurement of the first RS and a second measurement frequency reference for measurement of the second RS, where the first measurement frequency reference is identical to or different than the second measurement frequency reference.

[0013] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses for a UE, processor, and / or NE described herein, the measurement configuration further includes an indication of a first measurement ARP reference for measurement of the first RS and a second measurement ARP reference for measurement of the second RS, where the first measurement ARP reference for measurement is identical to or different than the second measurement ARP reference for measurement; the measurement configuration further includes an indication of a computation model for measurement of one or more of CP or CPD of the first RS and the second RS; the measurement configuration further includes measurement configuration attributes including at least one of one or more associated TPs, one or more associated sensing signals, one or more measurement time references, one or more measurement frequency references, one or more ARPs, or one or more computation models for measurement of one or more of CP or CPD of the first RS and the second RS, and where instances of the measurement configuration attributes are one or more of: indicated implicitly or explicitly by the apparatus to the apparatus; determined, at least in part, autonomously by the apparatus and reported to the apparatus; assumed to be identical for measurements of the first RS and the second RS by which the RSCPDP is measured; at least one of an on-demand configuration requested by the apparatus or a measurement configuration report transmitted by the apparatus to the apparatus; or combinations thereof.

[0014] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses for a UE, processor, and / or NE described herein, the at least one processor is configured to cause the apparatus to receive a joint report including a common message including the measurement report and a first measurement; the first measurement includes one or more of: RSTD of two or more sensing paths; RTOA of two or more sensing paths; reception-to-transmission time difference of two or more sensing paths; one or more of AoA measurement or ZoA measurement of a sensing path; one or more of AoA difference or ZoA difference of two or more sensing paths; doppler shift measurement of a sensing path; or Attorney Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCT 7 measurement of doppler shift difference of two more sensing paths; the joint report is based at least in part on a joint codebook for reporting the measurement report and the first measurement; the at least one processor is configured to cause the apparatus to receive a report of a timing measurement based at least in part on the measurement of RSCPDP and the first measurement.

[0015] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses for a UE, processor, and / or NE described herein, the report of the timing measurement includes a timing correction to a previously received timing measurement; the at least one processor is configured to cause the apparatus to: receive, from an apparatus, a capability report for the apparatus; and transmit, to the apparatus, the measurement configuration based at least in part on the capability report; the one or more sensing paths include at least one of: one or more propagation paths associated with at least one of a sensing target or a sensing target area of interest; one or more propagation paths associated with a LOS propagation condition from one or more sensing transmission apparatus; or one or more propagation paths associated with a reflection from at least one of a known reflector or a known object.

[0016] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include a method performed by a UE, processor, and / or NE, the method including receiving, via a sensing measurement apparatus, a measurement configuration for measuring one or more of a first RS, a second RS, or a RSCPDP based at least in part on the first RS and the second RS received via one or more sensing paths, the measurement configuration including an indication of the one or more sensing paths; receiving a reporting configuration associated with the measurement configuration; measuring the RSCPDP based at least in part on the first RS and second RS received via the one or more sensing paths; and reporting a measurement report including a measured RSCPDP value based at least in part on the reporting configuration.

[0017] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the second RS is received via one or more of a different frequency band, a different BWP, a different PFL, or a different CC than the first RS; one or more sensing paths are based at least in part on one or more of one or more previously detected sensing paths, one or more reported sensing paths, or one or more sensing paths determined by the sensing measurement apparatus; the sensing measurement apparatus includes one or more of a UE, a PRU, a gNB, or a TRP; the indication of one or more sensing paths includes one or more of: one or more sensing path descriptions; one or more sensing path IDs; one or more of an object ID or a reflector ID associated to a path; one or more of a signal Attorney Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCT 8 ID or an RS ID from which a previously or reported path has been observed; one or more path numbers or path order numbers; or a sensing path ordering logic; the one or more sensing path IDs include one or more IDs for one or more identified sensing paths that are one or more of previously measured or previously defined by the sensing measurement apparatus, and where the one or more sensing path IDs are associated with one or more RS via which the sensing measurement apparatus measured the identified one or more sensing paths.

[0018] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the sensing path ordering logic includes one or more of an order of arrival path in delay, an order of arrival path arrival in zenith closest to one or more of a first arrival path in delay or a LOS path; the measurement configuration further includes an indication of a first measurement time reference for measurement of the first RS and a second measurement time reference for measurement of the second RS, where the first measurement time reference is identical to or different than the second measurement time reference; the measurement configuration further includes an indication of a first measurement phase reference for measurement of a reference path and a second measurement phase reference for measurement of a sensing path, where the first measurement phase reference for measurement and the second measurement phase reference for measurement are identical or different; the measurement configuration further includes an indication of a first measurement frequency reference for measurement of the first RS and a second measurement frequency reference for measurement of the second RS, where the first measurement frequency reference is identical to or different than the second measurement frequency reference; the measurement configuration further includes an indication of a first measurement ARP reference for measurement of the first RS and a second measurement ARP reference for measurement of the second RS, where the first measurement ARP reference for measurement is identical to or different than the second measurement ARP reference for measurement.

[0019] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the measurement configuration further includes an indication of a computation model for measurement of one or more of CP or CPD of the first RS and the second RS; the measurement configuration further includes measurement configuration attributes including at least one of one or more associated TPs, one or more associated sensing signals, one or more measurement time references, one or more measurement frequency references, one or more ARPs, or one or more computation Attorney Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCT 9 models for measurement of one or more of CP CPD of the first RS and the second RS, and where instances of the measurement configuration attributes are one or more of: indicated implicitly or explicitly to the sensing measurement apparatus by a sensing controller apparatus; determined, at least in part, autonomously by the sensing measurement apparatus and reported to the sensing controller apparatus; assumed to be identical for measurements of the first RS and the second RS by which the RSCPDP is measured; one or more of not indicated as part of the measurement configuration, not determined by the sensing measurement apparatus, or not included in the measurement report; one or more of an on-demand configuration requested by the sensing measurement apparatus or a measurement configuration report transmitted by the sensing measurement apparatus to the sensing controller apparatus; or combinations thereof.

[0020] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, measurement of the RSCPDP is further associated with a first measurement, and where the first measurement includes one or more of: RSTD of two or more sensing paths; RTOA of two or more sensing paths; reception-to-transmission time difference of two or more sensing paths; one or more of AoA measurement or ZoA measurement of a sensing path; one or more of AoA difference or ZoA difference of two or more sensing paths; doppler shift measurement of a sensing path; or measurement of doppler shift difference of two or more sensing paths; configuring the measurement of the RSCPDP and the first measurement jointly; performing the measurement of the RSCPDP and the first measurement includes using one or more of: the first RS and the second RS for the measurement of RSCPDP and the first measurement; a same TP; a same sensing path; or one or more of a same set of time reference points, a same set of frequency reference points, or a same set of ARPs; one or more of jointly configuring or jointly reporting, via a common message, the measurement report and the first measurement.

[0021] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the method further including performing joint reporting of the measurement report and the first measurement, and where the joint reporting utilizes a joint codebook for reporting the measurement report and the first measurement; obtaining a timing measurement based at least in part on the measurement of RSCPDP and the first measurement, and reporting the timing measurement; reporting the timing measurement as a timing correction to a previous timing measurement; transmitting, to a sensing controller apparatus, a capability report for the sensing measurement apparatus, and receiving the Attorney Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCT 10 measurement configuration based at least in the capability report; the one or more sensing paths include at least one of: one or more propagation paths associated with at least one of a sensing target or a sensing target area of interest; one or more propagation paths associated with a LOS propagation condition from one or more sensing transmission apparatus; or one or more propagation paths associated with a reflection from at least one of a known reflector or a known object.

[0022] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include a method performed by a UE, processor, and / or NE, the method including transmitting a measurement configuration for measuring one or more of a first RS, a second RS, or a RSCPDP based at least in part on the first RS and the second RS received via one or more sensing paths, the measurement configuration including an indication of the one or more sensing paths; transmitting a reporting configuration associated with the measurement configuration; and receiving a measurement report including a measured RSCPDP value based at least in part on the reporting configuration.

[0023] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the indication of one or more sensing paths includes one or more of: one or more sensing path descriptions; one or more sensing path IDs; one or more of an object ID or a reflector ID associated to a path; one or more of a signal ID or an RS ID from which a previously detected or reported path has been observed; one or more path numbers or path order numbers; or a sensing path ordering logic; the measurement configuration further includes an indication of a first measurement time reference for measurement of the first RS and a second measurement time reference for measurement of the second RS, where the first measurement time reference is identical to or different than the second measurement time reference; the measurement configuration further includes an indication of a first measurement phase reference for measurement of a reference path and a second measurement phase reference for measurement of the one or more sensing paths, where the first measurement phase reference for measurement and the second measurement phase reference for measurement are identical or different.

[0024] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the measurement configuration further includes an indication of a first measurement frequency reference for measurement of the first RS and a second measurement frequency reference for measurement of the second RS, where the first measurement frequency reference is identical to or Attorney Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCT 11 different than the second measurement reference; the measurement configuration further includes an indication of a first measurement ARP reference for measurement of the first RS and a second measurement ARP reference for measurement of the second RS, where the first measurement ARP reference for measurement is identical to or different than the second measurement ARP reference for measurement; the measurement configuration further includes an indication of a computation model for measurement of one or more of CP or CPD of the first RS and the second RS.

[0025] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the measurement configuration further includes measurement configuration attributes including at least one of one or more associated TPs, one or more associated sensing signals, one or more measurement time references, one or more measurement frequency references, one or more ARPs, or one or more computation models for measurement of one or more of CP or CPD of the first RS and the second RS, and where instances of the measurement configuration attributes are one or more of: indicated implicitly or explicitly by a sensing controller apparatus to a sensing measurement apparatus; determined, at least in part, autonomously by the sensing measurement apparatus and reported to the sensing controller apparatus; assumed to be identical for measurements of the first RS and the second RS by which the RSCPDP is measured; at least one of an on-demand configuration requested by the sensing measurement apparatus or a measurement configuration report transmitted by the sensing measurement apparatus to the sensing controller apparatus; or combinations thereof.

[0026] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, further including receiving a joint report including a common message including the measurement report and a first measurement; the first measurement includes one or more of: RSTD of two or more sensing paths; RTOA of two or more sensing paths; reception-to-transmission time difference of two or more sensing paths; one or more of AoA measurement or ZoA measurement of a sensing path; one or more of AoA difference or ZoA difference of two or more sensing paths; doppler shift measurement of a sensing path; or measurement of doppler shift difference of two or more sensing paths; the joint report is based at least in part on a joint codebook for reporting the measurement report and the first measurement; receiving a report of a timing measurement based at least in part on the measurement of RSCPDP and the first measurement; the report of the timing measurement Attorney Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCT 12 includes a timing correction to a previously timing measurement; : receiving, from a sensing measurement apparatus, a capability report for the sensing measurement apparatus; and transmitting, to the sensing measurement apparatus, the measurement configuration based at least in part on the capability report; the one or more sensing paths include at least one of: one or more propagation paths associated with at least one of a sensing target or a sensing target area of interest; one or more propagation paths associated with a LOS propagation condition from one or more sensing transmission apparatus; or one or more propagation paths associated with a reflection from at least one of a known reflector or a known object. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communications system in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

[0028] Figure 2 illustrates example scenarios for radio sensing that supports configuration for radio sensing in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

[0029] Figure 3 illustrates example scenarios for radio sensing that support configuration for radio sensing in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

[0030] Figure 4 illustrates a scenario for a tight coupling Integrated Sensing and Communications (ISAC) network architecture.

[0031] Figure 5 illustrates a scenario for a tight coupling ISAC network architecture.

[0032] Figure 6 illustrates a scenario where a Sensing Function (SF) is collocated with the Location Management Function (LMF).

[0033] Figure 7 illustrates a scenario for loose coupling ISAC network architecture.

[0034] Figure 8 illustrates an example of a UE in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

[0035] Figure 9 illustrates an example of a processor in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. Attorney Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCT 13

[0036] Figure 10 illustrates an example of in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

[0037] Figure 11 illustrates a flowchart of a method in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

[0038] Figure 12 illustrates a flowchart of a method in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] Wireless communications systems can utilize radio sensing to detect attributes of an environment, such as objects present in an environment. Further, radio sensing can obtain environment information in various ways, such as via transmission and reception of different signals. For instance, environment information can be obtained via transmission of a sensing signal from a network or UE, referred to herein as a sensing Tx node. Examples of a sensing signal include a Downlink (DL) Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS), a DL Positioning Reference Signal (PRS), a Sidelink (SL) PRS, an Uplink (UL) Sounding Reference Signal (SRS), a sensing-dedicated RS, etc. Further, environment information can be obtained via reception of a transmitted sensing signal impacted by the environment by a network or a UE entity, hereafter termed as sensing Rx node. The transmitted sensing signal, for instance, can be impacted by objects in an environment via reflection, refraction, scattering, blocking, attenuation, etc. In addition, environment information can be obtained via processing of received signal reflections and inference of relevant information from the environment.

[0040] A common limitation of sensing techniques pertaining to achievable propagation time and distance accuracy is the limited affordable signal bandwidth which can be processed in the baseband. In view of bandwidth limitations for a target UE positioning estimation, proposals have considered utilization of the channel phase measurements of Reference Signal Carrier Phase (RSCP) and RSCP Difference (RSCPD) to augment the available baseband timing measurements, e.g., Rx-Tx time difference, RSTD etc. However, the current framework of carrier phase measurement currently does not support non-LOS geometrical measurements (e.g., propagation path of a specular reflection other than the 1st path delay of the channel response from an object) for sensing measurements. Attorney Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCT 14

[0041] Accordingly, the present disclosure solutions to provide an enhanced sensing measurement framework. For instance, to overcome bandwidth limitations of a sensing measurement, an enhanced measurement framework is provided to support channel phase measurement over a sensing path and utilizing multiple signals at different frequencies. The disclosed implementations, for example, provide solutions for enabling measurement of a sensing path (e.g., a propagation path associated with a sensing target object) conducted at different frequencies (different bands, different PFL, different CCs) to be combined without a joint down- conversion and baseband processing. By utilizing techniques described herein, accuracy in wireless sensing can be increased while decreasing system and device overhead.

[0042] Aspects of the present disclosure are described in the context of a wireless communications system.

[0043] Figure 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communications system 100 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications system 100 may include one or more NE 102, one or more UE 104, and a core network (CN) 106. The wireless communications system 100 may support various radio access technologies. In some implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a 4G network, such as an LTE network or an LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) network. In some other implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a NR network, such as a 5G network, a 5G-Advanced (5G-A) network, or a 5G ultrawideband (5G-UWB) network. In other implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a combination of a 4G network and a 5G network, or other suitable radio access technology including Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20. The wireless communications system 100 may support radio access technologies beyond 5G, for example, 6G. Additionally, the wireless communications system 100 may support technologies, such as time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), or code division multiple access (CDMA), etc.

[0044] The one or more NE 102 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region to form the wireless communications system 100. One or more of the NE 102 described herein may be or include or may be referred to as a network node, a base station, a network element, a network function, a network entity, a radio access network (RAN), a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB), a next- generation NodeB (gNB), or other suitable terminology. An NE 102 and a UE 104 may Attorney Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCT 15 communicate via a communication link, which be a wireless or wired connection. For example, a NE 102 and a UE 104 may perform wireless communication (e.g., receive signaling, transmit signaling) over a Uu interface.

[0045] An NE 102 may provide a geographic coverage area for which the NE 102 may support services for one or more UEs 104 within the geographic coverage area. For example, a NE 102 and a UE 104 may support wireless communication of signals related to services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc.) according to one or multiple radio access technologies. In some implementations, a NE 102 may be moveable, for example, a satellite associated with a non-terrestrial network (NTN). In some implementations, different geographic coverage areas associated with the same or different radio access technologies may overlap, but the different geographic coverage areas may be associated with different NE 102.

[0046] The one or more UEs 104 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region of the wireless communications system 100. A UE 104 may include or may be referred to as a remote unit, a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a subscriber device, a transmitter device, a receiver device, or some other suitable terminology. In some implementations, the UE 104 may be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, among other examples. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE 104 may be referred to as an Internet-of-Things (IoT) device, an Internet-of- Everything (IoE) device, or machine-type communication (MTC) device, among other examples.

[0047] A UE 104 may be able to support wireless communication directly with other UEs 104 over a communication link. For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a device-to-device (D2D) communication link. In some implementations, such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) deployments, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) deployments, or cellular-V2X deployments, the communication link may be referred to as a sidelink. For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a PC5 interface.

[0048] An NE 102 may support communications with the CN 106, or with another NE 102, or both. For example, a NE 102 may interface with other NE 102 or the CN 106 through one or more backhaul links (e.g., S1, N2, N6, or other network interface). In some implementations, the NE 102 may communicate with each other directly. In some other implementations, the NE 102 may communicate with each other indirectly (e.g., via the CN 106). In some implementations, one or Attorney Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCT 16 more NE 102 may include subcomponents, an access network entity, which may be an example of an access node controller (ANC). An ANC may communicate with the one or more UEs 104 through one or more other access network transmission entities, which may be referred to as a radio heads, smart radio heads, or TRPs.

[0049] The CN 106 may support user authentication, access authorization, tracking, connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The CN 106 may be an evolved packet core (EPC), or a 5G core (5GC), which may include a control plane entity that manages access and mobility (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME), an access and mobility management functions (AMF)) and a user plane entity that routes packets or interconnects to external networks (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW), a packet data network (PDN) gateway (P-GW), or a user plane function (UPF)). In some implementations, the control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions, such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management (e.g., data bearers, signal bearers, etc.) for the one or more UEs 104 served by the one or more NE 102 associated with the CN 106.

[0050] The CN 106 may communicate with a packet data network over one or more backhaul links (e.g., via an S1, N2, N6, or other network interface). The packet data network may include an application server. In some implementations, one or more UEs 104 may communicate with the application server. A UE 104 may establish a session (e.g., a protocol data unit (PDU) session, or the like) with the CN 106 via a NE 102. The CN 106 may route traffic (e.g., control information, data, and the like) between the UE 104 and the application server using the established session (e.g., the established PDU session). The PDU session may be an example of a logical connection between the UE 104 and the CN 106 (e.g., one or more network functions of the CN 106).

[0051] In the wireless communications system 100, the NEs 102 and the UEs 104 may use resources of the wireless communications system 100 (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers)) to perform various operations (e.g., wireless communications). In some implementations, the NEs 102 and the UEs 104 may support different resource structures. For example, the NEs 102 and the UEs 104 may support different frame structures. In some implementations, such as in 4G, the NEs 102 and the UEs 104 may support a single frame structure. In some other implementations, such as in 5G and among other suitable radio access technologies, the NEs 102 and the UEs 104 may support various Attorney Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCT 17 frame structures (i.e., multiple frame NEs 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures based on one or more numerologies.

[0052] One or more numerologies may be supported in the wireless communications system 100, and a numerology may include a subcarrier spacing and a cyclic prefix. A first numerology (e.g., ^=0) may be associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. In some implementations, the first numerology (e.g., ^=0) associated with the first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may utilize one slot per subframe. A second numerology (e.g., ^=1) may be associated with a second subcarrier spacing (e.g., 30 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A third numerology (e.g., ^=2) may be associated with a third subcarrier spacing (e.g., 60 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix or an extended cyclic prefix. A fourth numerology (e.g., ^=3) may be associated with a fourth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 120 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A fifth numerology (e.g., ^=4) may be associated with a fifth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 240 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix.

[0053] A time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to frames (also referred to as radio frames). Each frame may have a duration, for example, a 10 millisecond (ms) duration. In some implementations, each frame may include multiple subframes. For example, each frame may include 10 subframes, and each subframe may have a duration, for example, a 1 ms duration. In some implementations, each frame may have the same duration. In some implementations, each subframe of a frame may have the same duration.

[0054] Additionally or alternatively, a time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to slots. For example, a subframe may include a number (e.g., quantity) of slots. The number of slots in each subframe may also depend on the one or more numerologies supported in the wireless communications system 100. For instance, the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth numerologies (i.e., ^=0, ^=1, ^=2, ^=3, ^=4) associated with respective subcarrier spacings of 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz, 120 kHz, and 240 kHz may utilize a single slot per subframe, two slots per subframe, four slots per subframe, eight slots per subframe, and 16 slots per subframe, respectively. Each slot may include a number (e.g., quantity) of symbols (e.g., Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols). In some implementations, the number (e.g., quantity) of slots for a subframe may depend on a numerology. For a normal cyclic prefix, a slot may include 14 symbols. For an extended cyclic prefix (e.g., applicable for 60 kHz Attorney Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCT 18 subcarrier spacing), a slot may include 12 The relationship between the number of symbols per slot, the number of slots per subframe, and the number of slots per frame for a normal cyclic prefix and an extended cyclic prefix may depend on a numerology. It should be understood that reference to a first numerology (e.g., ^=0) associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may be used interchangeably between subframes and slots.

[0055] In the wireless communications system 100, an electromagnetic (EM) spectrum may be split, based on frequency or wavelength, into various classes, frequency bands, frequency channels, etc. By way of example, the wireless communications system 100 may support one or multiple operating frequency bands, such as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz – 7.125 GHz), FR2 (24.25 GHz – 52.6 GHz), FR3 (7.125 GHz – 24.25 GHz), FR4 (52.6 GHz – 114.25 GHz), FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz – 71 GHz), and FR5 (114.25 GHz – 300 GHz). In some implementations, the NEs 102 and the UEs 104 may perform wireless communications over one or more of the operating frequency bands. In some implementations, FR1 may be used by the NEs 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for cellular communications traffic (e.g., control information, data). In some implementations, FR2 may be used by the NEs 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for short-range, high data rate capabilities.

[0056] FR1 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least three numerologies). For example, FR1 may be associated with a first numerology (e.g., ^=0), which includes 15 kHz subcarrier spacing; a second numerology (e.g., ^=1), which includes 30 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a third numerology (e.g., ^=2), which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing. FR2 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least 2 numerologies). For example, FR2 may be associated with a third numerology (e.g., ^=2), which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a fourth numerology (e.g., ^=3), which includes 120 kHz subcarrier spacing.

[0057] According to implementations, one or more of the NEs 102 and the UEs 104 are operable to implement various aspects of the techniques described with reference to the present disclosure. For example, a NE 102 (e.g., a base station) transmits to a UE 104 a measurement configuration for measuring one or more of a first RS, a second RS, or a RSCPDP based at least in part on the first RS and the second RS received via one or more sensing paths, the measurement configuration including an indication of the one or more sensing paths. Further, the NE 102 Attorney Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCT 19 transmits, to the UE 104, a reporting associated with the measurement configuration. The UE 104 measures RSCPDP based at least in part on the first RS and second RS received via the one or more sensing paths, and reports to the NE 102 a measurement report including a measured RSCPDP value based at least in part on the reporting configuration.

[0058] Example scenarios are discussed below for network-based and UE-based radio sensing operations. The discussed alternatives include scenarios of radio sensing where the network configures the participating sensing entities, e.g., network and UE nodes acting as sensing Tx nodes, network and UE nodes acting as sensing Rx nodes, as well as the configuration of sensing signal and measurements and reporting procedures from the nodes. In this regard, the functional split between the network and the UE nodes for a specific sensing task (e.g., task of detecting presence of a pedestrian in a road) may take various forms, depending on the availability of sensing-capable devices and the requirements of the specific sensing task.

[0059] Reference is made herein to communicating data or information, such as signaling communication resources and / or communications that are transmitted or received between devices. It is to be appreciated that other terms may be used interchangeably with communicating, such as signaling, transmitting, receiving, outputting, forwarding, retrieving, obtaining, and so forth.

[0060] Figure 2 illustrates example scenarios 200 for radio sensing that supports configuration for radio sensing in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The scenarios 200 include:

[0061] Scenario 202a with a sensing Tx as a network node 204 and sensing Rx as a separate network node 206, which represent different instances of network entities 102: In the scenario 202a, the sensing RS (and / or another RS used for sensing or data and / or control channels known to the network TRP nodes) is transmitted and received by network entities 102. The involvement of UE nodes can be limited such as to aspects of interference management. The network may not utilize UEs for sensing assistance in the scenario 202a.

[0062] Scenario 202b with a sensing Tx as the network node 204 and sensing Rx as the same network node 204: In the scenario 202b, the sensing RS (and / or another RS used for sensing or the data and / or control channels known to the network TRP nodes) is transmitted and received by the same network entity 102. The involvement of UE nodes can be limited such as to aspects of Attorney Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCT 20 interference management. The network may UEs for sensing assistance in the scenario 202b.

[0063] Scenario 202c with a sensing Tx as the network node 206 and a sensing Rx as a UE 104: In the scenario 202c, the sensing RS or other RS used for sensing is transmitted by a network entity 102 and received by one or multiple UEs 104. A network, for instance, configures the UE(s) 104 to act as a sensing Rx node, such as according to the UE nodes capabilities for sensing and / or a specified sensing task. As part of the scenarios 202a-202c, the radio sensing can be implemented to detect feature characteristics of objects 208 present in an environment 210.

[0064] Figure 3 illustrates example scenarios 300 for radio sensing that support configuration for radio sensing in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The scenarios 200, 300, for example, represent additional and / or alternative implementations. The scenarios 300 include:

[0065] Scenario 302a with a sensing Tx as a UE 104a and sensing Rx as a network node 304: In the scenario 302a, the sensing RS or other RS used for sensing (and / or a data and / or control channel transmitted by the UE 104a) is received by one or multiple NE 102 (e.g., the network node 304) and transmitted by the UE 104a. A network, for instance, configures the UE 104a to act as a sensing Tx node, such as according to the UE 104a capabilities for sensing and / or a specified sensing task.

[0066] Scenario 302b with a sensing Tx as the UE 104a and a sensing Rx as a separate UE 104b: In the scenario 302b, the sensing RS or other RS used for sensing is received by one or multiple UEs 104b and transmitted by the UE 104a. In this scenario, the network and / or a UE 104 may decide on configuration of the sensing scenario. In at least one example, a network configures the UEs 104 to act as a sensing Tx and / or sensing Rx nodes, such as according to the UE 104 capabilities for sensing and / or a specified sensing task.

[0067] Scenario 302c with a sensing Tx as the UE 104b and sensing Rx as the same UE 104b: In the scenario 302c, the sensing RS (and / or another RS used for sensing and / or the data and / or control channels known to the UE) is transmitted by the UE 104b and received by the same UE 104b. In at least one implementation, the UE 104b and / or a network configures the sensing scenario, such as according to the UE 104 capabilities for sensing and / or a specified sensing task. As part of the scenarios 302a-302c, the radio sensing can be implemented to detect feature characteristics of objects 306 present in an environment 308. Attorney Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCT 21

[0068] The above scenarios are not be restricted to a specific UE type, and may include any UE category and / or functionality (e.g., a UE Road Side Unit (RSU)). In any of the above scenarios, any of the roles depicted for gNB and / or UE may be replaced (with equal validity as an example of a radio sensing scenario) with a smart repeater node, an IAB node, and / or an RSU.

[0069] Regarding sensing network architecture, integrated sensing and communication may enhance 5G core architecture by introducing a new SF, such as discussed in the example scenarios below.

[0070] Figure 4 illustrates a scenario 400 for a tight coupling ISAC network architecture. In the scenario 400 the SF appears as a dedicated network function (NF) handling both: (i) the sensing control plane aspects such as the interaction with the sensing consumer via Network Exposure Function (NEF) and information exchange with other NFs, for gathering UE information, (e.g., from the Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF), Unified Data Management (UDM), LMF, UE related policies from the Policy Control Function (PCF), and analytics from the Network Data Analytics Function (NWDAF)) and (ii) the sensing radio signals for performing the analysis or prediction for determining the sensing target.

[0071] Figure 5 illustrates a scenario 500 for a tight coupling ISAC network architecture. In the scenario 500 a control plane / user plane (CP / UP) split is implemented where the SF has two dedicated NF counter parts: (i) SF-C that handles the control plane aspects as described above and (ii) SF-U that is responsible for collecting the sensing radio signals via the user plane, e.g., via the Radio Access Network (RAN) and User Plane Function (UPF). The idea of this architecture is to split and offload heavy data volumes associated with sensing radio signals to the user plane to ensure light traffic, e.g., signaling, in the control plane.

[0072] Figure 6 illustrates a scenario 600 where an SF is collocated with the LMF. For instance, in the scenario 600 the SF / LMF appears as a logical NF embedded in the LMF to perform sensing taking advantage of the knowledge of a UE location.

[0073] Figure 7 illustrates a scenario 700 for loose coupling ISAC network architecture. In the scenario 700 the SF is independent of the 5G core, e.g., typically used for local field scenarios or private networks and the interaction with the 5G core is minimal. A primary implementation is to use the SF close to the RAN (e.g., collect and process the sensing radio signals locally) and interact Attorney Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCT 22 with 5G core for the purpose of exposure via e.g., for obtaining the UE location from the AMF and for analytics (NWDAF).

[0074] In some example implementations, a sensing controller entity / function (e.g., sensMF) is defined which includes one or multiple of a UE, a RAN node, a gNB / gNB-CU, an LMF, an SF, or a combination thereof, where the sensMF performs one or multiple of: (a) receiving request for sensing information from a service consumer (e.g., a requesting third party application); (b) determining selection and / or configuration of a sensing operation, including configuration of one or more of a sensing Tx node, sensing Rx node; (c) selecting and / or configuring the involved nodes for sensing transmission and sensing reception and sensing measurement and reporting of the conducted measurements; (d) collecting the sensing measurements; (e) performing, configuring, and / or requesting computation of the sensing measurements and thereby determining sensing information based on the obtained sensing measurements; (f) reporting and / or exposing an obtained sensing information to the entity requesting the sensing information.

[0075] In some examples a sensMF includes multiple nodes and / or entities, and one or more first parts of the above-mentioned steps may be implemented by the first part of the sensMF and one or more second parts of the above steps may be implemented by the second part of the sensMF, e.g., implemented in the SF and gNB. In some examples where the sensMF includes multiple nodes / entities, communication among the sensMF entities can be transparent to outside entities. Further, communication among the sensMF entities can be assumed to be implicit to the overall procedure. In some examples, where a sensMF is includes an SF and a gNB (e.g., serving / head gNB of a related UE to the sensing task or a selected serving gNB for a sensing task), the SF can perform steps a, f, e, d (above) and the steps b, c can be performed by the selected gNB node.

[0076] In some implementations the steps b, d above are jointly performed by the SF and the selected gNB, where a first part of the configuration / configuration determination are performed by the SF and a second part of the configuration / configuration determination is performed by the selected gNB. The sensMF may be a RAN node (e.g., a selected gNB node acting as serving gNB of a sensing task), a sensing function (SF) residing in core network, a UE, and / or a combination thereof.

[0077] The following presents discussion pertaining to related L1 measurements. Attorney Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCT 23 DL reference signal time difference (DL Definition DL RSTD is the DL relative timing difference between the TP

[0018] j and the reference TP i, defined as TSubframeRxj– TSubframeRxi, Where: TSubframeRxjis the time when the UE receives the start of one subframe from TP j. TSubframeRxiis the time when the UE receives the corresponding start of one subframe from TP i that is closest in time to the subframe received from TP j. Multiple DL PRS resources can be used to determine the start of one subframe from a TP. For frequency range 1, the reference point for the DL RSTD shall be the antenna connector of the UE. For frequency range 2, the reference point for the DL RSTD shall be the antenna of the UE. Applicable for Radio Resource Control (RRC)_CONNECTED, RRC_INACTIVE Attorney Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCT 24 UL Relative Time of Arrival (TUL-RTOA) Definition TUL-RTOA is the beginning of subframe i including SRS received in Reception Point (RP) j, relative to the RTOA Reference Time

[0016] . The UL RTOA reference time is defined as ^^ + ^^^^, where- ^^is the nominal beginning time of System Frame Number (SFN) 0 provided by SFN Initialization Time [Technical Specification (TS) 38.455] -^^^^ = ^10^^ + ^^^^ × 10^^, where ^^and ^^^are the system frame number and the subframe number of the SRS, respectively. Multiple SRS resources can be used to determine the beginning of one subframe including SRS received at a RP. The reference point for TUL-RTOAshall be: - for type 1-C base station TS 38.104: the Rx antenna connector, - for type 1-O or 2-O base station TS 38.104: the Rx antenna (e.g. the center location of the radiating region of the Rx antenna), - for type 1-H base station TS 38.104: the Rx Transceiver Array Boundary connector. Attorney Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCT 25 UE Rx – Tx time difference Definition The UE Rx – Tx time difference is defined as TUE-RX – TUE-TX Where: TUE-RX is the UE received timing of downlink subframe #i from a TP

[0018] , defined by the first detected path in time. TUE-TXis the UE transmit timing of uplink subframe #j that is closest in time to the subframe #i received from the TP. Multiple DL PRS or CSI-RS for tracking resources, as instructed by higher layers, can be used to determine the start of one subframe of the first arrival path of the TP. For frequency range 1, the reference point for TUE-RXmeasurement shall be the Rx antenna connector of the UE and the reference point for TUE-TX measurement shall be the Tx antenna connector of the UE. For frequency range 2, the reference point for TUE-RXmeasurement shall be the Rx antenna of the UE and the reference point for TUE-TXmeasurement shall be the Tx antenna of the UE. Applicable RRC_CONNECTED, for RRC_INACTIVE Attorney Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCT 26 gNB Rx – Tx time difference Definition The gNB Rx – Tx time difference is defined as TgNB-RX – TgNB-TX Where: TgNB-RX is the Transmission and Reception Point (TRP)

[0018] received timing of uplink subframe #i including SRS associated with UE, defined by the first detected path in time. TgNB-TX is the TRP transmit timing of downlink subframe #j that is closest in time to the subframe #i received from the UE. Multiple SRS resources can be used to determine the start of one subframe including SRS. The reference point for TgNB-RXshall be: - for type 1-C base station TS 38.104 [9]: the Rx antenna connector, - for type 1-O or 2-O base station TS 38.104 [9]: the Rx antenna (e.g. the center location of the radiating region of the Rx antenna), - for type 1-H base station TS 38.104 [9]: the Rx Transceiver Array Boundary connector. The reference point for TgNB-TX shall be: - for type 1-C base station TS 38.104 [9]: the Tx antenna connector, - for type 1-O or 2-O base station TS 38.104 [9]: the Tx antenna (e.g. the center location of the radiating region of the Tx antenna), - for type 1-H base station TS 38.104 [9]: the Tx Transceiver Array Boundary connector. Attorney Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCT 27 DL PRS reference signal received path power PRS-RSRPP)DefinitionDL PRS-RSRPP is defined as the power of the linear average of the channelresponse at the i-th path delay of the resource elements that carry DL PRS signal configured for the measurement, where DL PRS-RSRPP for the 1st path delay is the power contribution corresponding to the first detected path in time. For frequency range 1, the reference point for the DL PRS-RSRPP shall be the antenna connector of the UE. For frequency range 2, DL PRS-RSRPP shall be measured based on the combined signal from antenna elements corresponding to a given receiver branch. Applicable for RRC_CONNECTED, RRC_INACTIVE Attorney Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCT 28 UL SRS reference signal received path power SRS-RSRPP) Definition UL SRS-RSRPP is defined as the power of the linear average of the channel response at the i-th path delay of the resource elements that carry the received UL SRS signal configured for the measurement, where UL SRS-RSRPP for 1st path delay is the power contribution corresponding to the first detected path in time. The reference point for UL SRS-RSRPP shall be: - for type 1-C base station TS 38.104 [9]: the Rx antenna connector, - for type 1-O or 2-O base station TS 38.104 [9]: based on the combined signal from antenna elements corresponding to a given receiver branch - for type 1-H base station TS 38.104 [9]: the Rx Transceiver Array Boundary connector. For frequency range 1 and 2, if receiver diversity is in use by the gNB for UL SRS-RSRPP measurements: - The reported UL SRS-RSRPP value for the first and additional paths shall be provided for the same receiver branch(es) as applied for UL SRS- Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) measurements, or - The reported UL SRS-RSRPP value for the first path shall not be lower than the corresponding UL SRS-RSRPP for the first path of any of the individual receiver branches and the reported UL SRS-RSRPP for the additional paths shall be provided for the same receiver branch(es) as applied UL SRS- RSRPP for the first path.

[0078] In aspects of this disclosure, the following agreements are taken into consideration. Agreements made in RAN1#112 Agreement Attorney Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCT 29 For NR carrier phase positioning, at least the following approach: enable a UE / TRP to report carrier phase measurements together with the legacy positioning measurements to LMF. Agreement NR UL reference signal carrier phase (RSCP) (of i-th path) is defined as the phase of the channel response at the i-th path delay derived from the resource elements (REs) that carry the UL SRS signal for positioning purpose configured for the measurement. A UL RSCP is associated with a specific RF frequency. Agreement To support NR carrier phase positioning, further consider the following options: • Option 1: Support a UE / TRP to report the carrier phase measurements of more than one frequency within a PFL / carrier to LMF o NOTE: the frequency can be the carrier frequency or the frequency of a subcarrier • Option 2: Introduce and report a new type of UE / TRP measurement based on carrier phase differentials across multiple subcarriers within a PFL / carrier o NOTE: carrier phase differentials across multiple subcarriers within a carrier can be related to time of arrival • Option 3: Support a UE / TRP to optionally report an estimated integer ambiguity and / or search range of the integer ambiguity to LMF • Option 4: Support LMF to provide the expected integer ambiguity range at least for UE- based NR Carrier Phase of a Path (CPP) in the positioning assistance data. Agreement Rel-17 LOS / Non-Line of Sight (NLOS) indication (when indicated) applies for the carrier phase measurement(s) in the same report.

[0079] The following represent agreements made in RAN1#112 bis:

[0080] Agreement Introduce DL reference carrier phase (DL RSCP) and NR DL reference carrier phase difference (DL RSCPD) as DL carrier phase measurements. Attorney Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCT 30 • DL RSCP can be reported with UE Rx – Tx time difference measurement • DL RSCPD can be reported together with RSTD measurement

[0081] Agreement The specific RF frequency associated with a DL carrier phase measurement is defined as the center frequency of the DL PFL by default.

[0082] Agreement The specific RF frequency associated with a UL carrier phase measurement is defined, by default, as the center frequency of the transmission bandwidth of the SRS for positioning purpose.

[0083] Agreement • Support enabling a TRP to report UL RSCP together with RTOA and / or gNB Rx-Tx time difference measurements to LMF • Note 1: The report of UL carrier phase measurement with gNB Rx – Tx time difference may not require the report of DL carrier phase measurement with UE Rx – Tx time difference. • Note 2: This doesn’t preclude standalone UL carrier phase measurements reporting.

[0084] Agreement For NR UL carrier phase positioning for UE in RRC_CONNECTED and RRC_INACTIVE states, support reuse of existing physical layer procedures for UL positioning (e.g., UL-Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA)), with enhancements in the measurement configuration, measurement request and measurement report (e.g., the configuration related to the NR UL CPP).

[0085] Agreement Adopt one of the following options for a timestamp associated with a reported RSCP / RSCPD measurement: • Option 1: Attorney Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCT 31 o NR-TimeStamp, in TS 37.355, is reused as the timestamp with the granularity of a slot. • Option 2: o NR-TimeStamp, currently defined in TS 37.355, can be enhanced to include the OFDM symbol index in a slot, as the timestamp for RSCP / RSCPD measurements.

[0086] The following discussion includes agreements made in RAN1#113:

[0087] Agreement For UE-based carrier phase positioning, support enabling LMF to forward the DL carrier phase measurement reported by a PRU, with additional information of the same PRU to a target UE for UE-based carrier phase positioning in the positioning assistance data. • Note: Whether the forwarded DL carrier phase measurement is DL RSCP and / or DL RSCPD can be based at least in part on which of them is (are) supported by UE capability. • additional information of the same PRU includes at least PRU location.

[0088] Agreement If a UE reports RSCPD measurements together with RSTD measurements in a measurement report element, the reference TRP for RSCPD is the same as the reference TRP reported for RSTD. • The target and the reference TRP are in the same PFL

[0089] The following discussion includes agreements made in RAN1#114 bis:

[0090] Conclusion From RAN1’s perspective, there will be no further discussion on the four options that were agreed to consider in the following agreement made in RAN1#112bis-e. AgreementAttorney Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCT 32 • Option 1: Support a UE / TRP to the carrier phase measurements of more than one frequency within a PFL / carrier to LMF o NOTE: the frequency can be the carrier frequency or the frequency of a subcarrier • Option 2: Introduce and report a new type of UE / TRP measurement based on carrier phase differentials across multiple subcarriers within a PFL / carrier o NOTE: carrier phase differentials across multiple subcarriers within a carrier can be related to time of arrival • Option 3: Support a UE / TRP to optionally report an estimated integer ambiguity and / or search range of the integer ambiguity to LMF • Option 4: Support LMF to provide the expected integer ambiguity range at least for UE-based NR CPP in the positioning assistance data.Agreement Subject to UE’s capability, if a UE Rx-Tx time difference / DL RSTD measurement is obtained with Nsample (=2, 4) samples, as defined in TS 38.133, the UE Rx-Tx time difference / DL RSTD measurement can be associated with (e.g., reported together with) up to NsampleRSCP / RSCPD measurements. • A single RSCP / RSCPD measurement is obtained within one sample • Each RSCP / RSCPD measurement has its own timestamp.

[0092] Agreement Adopt the following changes to the previous agreement made in RAN1#114: Agreement When an LMF requests the UEs, including target UE and PRU(s), to perform measurements on indicated DL PRS resource set(s) occurring within indicated time window(s) • The duration of a time window can be configured as follows: o {1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16} slots. • the number of the time windows can be: Attorney Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCT 33o same • Note: Different PRS resource sets and / or PFLs can be associated with different timeAdopt the following changes to the previous agreement made in RAN1#114bis: Agreement- The DL PRS resource used to obtain a DL RSCP measurement is either the same DL PRS resource used to obtain the associated UE Rx-Tx time difference measurement, or one of the DL PRS resources used to obtain the associated UE Rx-Tx time difference measurement. o Note: a DL RSCP measurement is obtained by measuring a single DL PRS resource from a TRP.

[0095] Agreement The pair of the DL PRS resources used to obtain a DL RSCPD measurement are either the same as the pair of DL PRS resources used to obtain the associated DL RSTD measurement, or one of the pairs of DL PRS resources used to obtain the associated DL RSTD measurement. Attorney Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCT 34

[0096] The following discussion includes made in RAN1#114:

[0097] Agreement For the timestamp associated with a reported RSCP / RSCPD measurement, NR-TimeStamp, with the granularity of a slot, currently defined in TS 37.355, can be reused as the timestamp. • Subject to UE capability, a UE may optionally provide an OFDM symbol index in the timestamp.

[0098] Agreement When DL RSCPD / RSCP measurements are reported together with the DL RSTD / UE Rx – Tx time difference measurements, the DL RSCPD / RSCP measurements are obtained from a single DL PFL. Note: From RAN1’s perspective, the reporting of the carrier phase measurements from one DL PFL has no impact on the reporting of the DL RSTD and / or UE Rx – Tx time difference measurements from the same DL PFL or other DL PFLs.

[0099] Agreement For UE-based carrier phase positioning, when LMF forwards the DL carrier phase measurement reported by a PRU to a target UE, the timestamp associated with the PRU carrier phase measurements can also be forwarded in positioning assistance data.

[0100] Agreement Support UE / TRP to report the phase quality indication for the RSCP / RSCPD measurements. The phase quality indication includes the following fields: • phase quality index • phase quality resolution Attorney Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCT 35

[0101] The following discussion includes made in RAN1#114 [R1-2310743] DL reference signal carrier phase (DL RSCP) Definition DL reference signal carrier phase (RSCP) is defined as the phase of the channel response at the 1stpath delay derived from the resource elements carrying DL PRS configured for the measurement. DL RSCP is associated with the center frequency of the DL positioning frequency layer (PFL) configured for the measurement for RRC_CONNECTED, RRC_INACTIVE, and RRC_IDLE modes. For frequency range 1, the reference point for the DL RSCP shall be the antenna connector of the UE. For frequency range 2, the reference point for the DL RSCP shall be the antenna of the UE. RRC_CONNECTED, Applicable RRC_INACTIVE, for RRC_IDLE DL reference signal carrier phase difference (DL RSCPD) Definition DL reference signal carrier phase difference (RSCPD) is defined as the difference of DL RSCPs measured from DL PRS transmitted in a DL PFL from the transmission point (TP) j and the reference TP i. If UE reports RSCPD measurements together with RSTD measurements in a measurement report element, the reference TP for RSCPD is the same as the reference TP reported for RSTD. For frequency range 1, the reference point for the DL RSCPD shall be the antenna connector of the UE. For frequency range 2, the reference point for the DL RSCPD shall be the antenna of the UE. Attorney Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCT 36 Applicable RRC_INACTIVE, for RRC_IDLE UL reference signal carrier phase (UL RSCP) UL reference signal carrier phase (RSCP) is defined as the phase of the Definition channel response at the 1stpath delay derived from the resource elements carrying sounding reference signals (SRS) configured for the measurement. UL RSCP is associated with the center frequency of the transmission bandwidth of the SRS for positioning purposes configured for the measurement. The reference point for UL RSCP shall be: - for type 1-C base station TS 38.104 [9]: the Rx antenna connector, - for type 1-O or 2-O base station TS 38.104 [9]: the Rx antenna (e.g., the center location of the radiating region of the Rx antenna), - for type 1-H base station TS 38.104 [9]: the Rx Transceiver Array Boundary connector.

[0102] Accordingly, aspects of this disclosure provide solutions for facilitation of combining and / or aggregating sensing measurements of different frequencies, such that obtained measurements are robust in view of Rx Carrier Frequency Offset (CFO) and / or Rx timing mismatches.

[0103] For instance, in implementations involve a sensing controller function (e.g., a network function such as a sensing management function (SensMF) implemented via a NE) for configuring different sensing apparatus. The sensing controller function, for example, configures at least one or multiple sensing Tx nodes for transmission of one or multiple sensing signals, and configures one or Attorney Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCT 37 multiple sensing Rx nodes (e.g., a UE, a gNB, TRP, a RAN node, a neighbor cell relation (NCR), an IAB node, etc.) for sensing signal Rx operations. Examples of sensing signal Rx operations include signal reception, sensing signal measurement, sensing measurements reporting, etc. Further, sensing Rx operations can be based on, at least in part, the sensing signal transmissions of one or multiple of the sensing Tx nodes that are received by the one or more sensing Rx nodes.

[0104] According to implementations, the sensing measurements and / or sensing measurement reports of a sensing Rx node includes estimate of difference of phase values of channel response (phase of the received sensing signal, carrier phase, etc.), e.g., Δ^, expressed as Δ^ = ^^^^, ^^, ^^, ^^, ^^, ^^, ^^, ^^^ − ^^^^, ^^, ^^, ^^, ^^, ^^, ^^, ^^^Eq. 1 Where^, ^ as defined in the following:

[0105] !, " - index / ID of the (similar or different) sensing Tx nodes / TRPs / TPs fortransmission of one or more sensing signals: For instance, sensing Tx node may be a UE, a gNB- TRP, a RAN node, an NCR, an IAB node, etc. Sensing Tx nodes maybe the same or different for the carrier phase measurements constituting Δ^. In some implementations, the transmission node of a sensing signal over which the sensing measurement is performed and / or the position of the transmission point, the transmission parameters of the associated transmission of the sensing signal (e.g., transmission beam, angular radiation pattern, etc.), may be known to the sensing Rx node, or may be indicated to be the same or quasi-collocated with that of another signal received by the sensing Rx node.

[0106] #!, #" - the (similar or different) configured sensing signals (transmitted by the same ordifferent TRPs / sensing Tx nodes ^^, ^^, and the same or different (including overlapping) frequencyregion, frequency sub-band, frequency sub-block, frequency bands, positioning frequency layers, CCs, etc.). These can include, for instance, index / ID, resource ID, resource set ID of one or more of a DL, UL, SL, or TRP-to-TRP sensing signal (e.g., DL, UL, SL sensing RS; DL, SL PRS; CSI-RS; UL SRS; Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS); DL, UL, SL physical data and / or control channels). In some examples, the sensing Tx node (e.g., a TRP ID / position) of a sensing signal or parameters associated to the Tx node may be known to the sensing Rx node. Attorney Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCT 38

[0107] $!, $" - the (similar or different) instance of the sensing signal by whichsensing measurement is performed. These can indicate, for instance, when a scheduled and / or configured sensing signal is transmitted periodically or aperiodically, a time window or one or multiple periods and / or instances (e.g., a slot index or OFDM symbol index) of the sensing signal over which the sensing measurement is indicated to the sensing Rx node (e.g., as part of the measurement configuration) and / or reported by the sensing Rx node, e.g., as part of themeasurement report. ^^, ^^, for instance, can be associated with a timestamp for transmission of asensing signal based on which the sensing measurement is performed at the sensing Rx node.

[0108] %!, %" - the (similar or different) time reference point and / or timestamp for themeasurement and / or reporting of ^ and / or Δ^. These can indicate, for instance, the time references for measurement of a channel, signal, and / or carrier phase of a phase difference and may be implicitly indicated to be the start of a scheduled sensing signal resource over which the measurement is to be done. Such implicit indication, for example, can be according to a timing reference known to the sensing Rx node, e.g., an UL, DL, and / or SL NR frame SFN, subframe number, or slot index. In implementations when first and second sensing signals are different and with a different timing (e.g., due to lack of synchronization between the first and second sensing Tx nodes respectively transmitting the first and second signals, or due to the first and second sensingsignals are transmitted at different time instances, slots, subframes etc.) the indication of ^^, ^^ tothe sensing Rx node by the sensing controller function and / or reporting of the ^^, ^^ by the sensingRx node assists in compensating for the mismatch.

[0109] &!, &" - the (similar or different) frequency reference point for which the ^ or Δ^ iscomputed or configured (by the SensMF) to be computed. The frequency reference for measurement of a carrier phase of a carrier phase difference may be implicitly indicated to be the start (e.g., starting subcarrier, RE, Physical Resource Block (PRB)) or a center frequency and / or RE of a frequency region, frequency sub-band, frequency sub-block, frequency bands, positioning frequency layers, and / or CCs including a scheduled sensing signal resource over which a measurement is to be done.

[0110] '!, '" - the (similar or different) spatial and / or ARP for the measurement and / orreporting of ^ or Δ^. For instance, ^^, ^^ may represent the spatial references for measurement of achannel response, signal, and / or carrier phase which may be implicitly known at the sensing Rx Attorney Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCT 39 node (e.g., as a known spatial position and / or for a band and / or a transceiver type (e.g., for a band (e.g., in FR-1)) to be the antenna connector of the first antenna of an array, to be the antenna of the Rx node to be measured based on the combined signal from antenna elements corresponding to a given receiver branch, and / or to be an Rx Transceiver Array Boundary connector.

[0111] (!, (" - the (similar or different) propagation paths starting from (similar or different)sensing Tx nodes and ending at the sensing Rx node (for which the measurement is configured), and may correspond to paths with a LOS condition between the transmission and reception nodes or a non-LOS condition. e.g., blocked by an object, reflected from an object, scattered, refracted by anobject, or combinations thereof. As just some examples: (!, (" may be both the same propagationpath between the sensing Tx node and a sensing Rx node associated with a sensing target; (!, ("may be different propagation paths between the sensing Tx node and a sensing Rx node, with one of^^, ^^ as a reference path (e.g., the path with LOS condition (e.g., 1stpath delay)), and the other of^^, ^^ as a path associated to a sensing target, e.g., reflected from the target object; and / or (!, ("may be paths for the measurement of a channel response, signal, and / or carrierbe for the same spatial and / or ARP, e.g., a same antenna connector, receiver branch, etc.

[0112] )!, )" - the (similar or different) computation model and / or computation method forcomputation of the value of carrier phase ^ or carrier phase differential Δ^. ^^, ^^, for instance,represent an Artificial Intelligence (AI) Machine Learning (ML) model which is previously transferred to the sensing Rx node by the sensing controller function, and / or has been previously indicated to the sensing controller function as an available model capable of performing computation / measurement of the carrier phase of a signal or carrier phase difference between two signals.

[0113] In implementations, as part of the assisting information for computation of the sensing information, the involved sensing Tx nodes report to the SensMF of the frequency and / or time and / or phase synchronization at the involved sensing Tx nodes. In some examples, the assisting information reported to the SensMF from the sensing Tx nodes may include: Indication that the two sensing Tx nodes (e.g., two gNB / TRPs) are phase-synchronized; Indication of a phase error margin (as error variance, expected error (e.g., absolute error), reliability percentage of an associated error value / variance, etc.); Time information associated to the synchronization information [e.g., indication that an indicated phase error variance or synchronization status would persist for an Attorney Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCT 40 indicated time duration]; Frequency / band associated to the synchronization information [e.g., indication that an indicated phase error variance or synchronization status would persist for the band B1 and B2].

[0114] In implementations, as part of the configuration of the sensing Rx node for performing measurement and / or reporting of Δ^, one or more of:

[0115] (1) All or subset of the dependencies ^^, ^, ^, ^, ^, ^, ^, ^^ can be defined / indicatedimplicitly or explicitly to the sensing Rx node: e.g., the path for which sensing measurement is to be performed is indicated via a path ID / label (e.g., referring to a previously known / reported path measurement); e.g., time and frequency reference point for obtaining signal / carrier phase is indicated implicitly to the sensing Rx node as the starting symbol / RE of the configured resource ofa sensing signal; e.g., ^^, ^, ^, ^, ^, ^, ^, ^^ are indicated and / or defined once for both a first andsecond part of calculating the Δ^. For instance, the two signal / carrier phase values (in the right- hand-side of the Eq. 1, above) constituting Δ^ are computed based on a same indicated sensingsignal (^ = ^^ = ^^ transmission point (^ = ^^ = ^^), computational model (^ = ^^ = ^^), or athereof, which isonce for the both signal / carrier phase values.

[0116] (2) All or subset of the dependencies ^^, ^, ^, ^, ^, ^, ^, ^^ can be determined, at least inpart, autonomously by the Sensing Rx node and reported to the sensing controller function: e.g., a propagation path ^^and / or ^^are determined autonomously by the sensing Rx node, e.g., via information within an application (a path with angular description matching pose information given by an application); e.g., one or more of a path, a sensing signal, sensing signal transmission point, a computational model or a combination thereof is determined by the sensing Rx node among multiple of the candidates (e.g., a sensing signal among multiple sensing signals defined for the sensing Rx) for measurement of Δ^. In some examples, the determined one or more of a path, a sensing signal, sensing signal transmission point, a computational model, or a combination thereof is further indicated / included in the measurement report to the SensMF.

[0117] (3) All or subset of the dependencies ^^, ^, ^, ^, ^, ^, ^, ^^ are assumed to be the same(e.g., *^ = *^ , for * as any (or subset) of ^, ^, ^, ^, ^, ^, ^, ^ or any other stated parameters) for theby which the Δ^ is measured / computed. Attorney Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCT 41

[0118] (4) All or subset of the ^, ^, ^, ^, ^, ^, ^^ are not indicated / defined as partof the configuration for sensing measurements and may not be determined by the sensing Rx node and not included in the measurement report by the sensing Rx node. For instance, in some implementations, the computation of a carrier phase and / or carrier phase difference of two signalsmay be configured with the dependencies Δ^ = ^^^^, ^^^ − ^^^^, ^^^ where remainingdependencies may be determined autonomously by the sensing Rx node, or not known / determined by the sensing Rx node.

[0119] (5) All or subset of the dependencies ^^, ^, ^, ^, ^, ^, ^, ^^ may be defined to the sensingRx node by the sensing controller function based on an on-demand configuration requested by the Sensing Rx node and / or a recommendation and / or report of the sensing Rx node transmitted by the sensing Rx node, e.g., upon request and / or configuration of the SensMF node. For instance, configuration of the reference path p1, of the sensing path p2, of the measurement sensing signal, etc., is transmitted to the sensing Rx node by the sensing controller function based on prior recommendation of the sensing Rx node to the sensing controller function of the path and / or path description, or is based on a previous report (e.g., including LOS status, RSRP, RSRPP of a set of signals based on which the sensing signal is configured by the SensMF to the sensing Rx nodes, etc.) on a set of signals.

[0120] (6) Additionally, aspects of ^^, ^, ^, ^, ^, ^, ^, ^^ include combinations of the above.

[0121] In implementations that include the measurement of signal, carrier, and / or channel response phase or phase difference of a sensing Rx node including an indication and / oridentification of one or multiple paths (^^, ^^) by the sensing Rx node, the propagation paths mayinclude: Propagation paths associated to a sensing target and / or a sensing target area of interest; paths associated to a direct and / or LOS propagation condition (e.g., blocked or non-blocked, first detected path delay) from one or multiple sensing Tx nodes; and / or propagation paths associated to a reflection from a known / apriori-defined reflector (e.g., an NCR, Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS)) and / or a known object, e.g., a metallic car with a known position and / or reflection characteristics.

[0122] In implementations, the identification of a path associated to a sensing target or target area of interest is performed by the sensing Rx node according to an indicated (e.g., by the sensing Attorney Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCT 42 controller function to the sensing Rx node) and / or a known (e.g., via the application information residing on sensing Rx node) description of the path can include one or more of the following:

[0123] (1) According to its propagation time and / or delay characteristics: For instance, propagation delay of the path according to a known time reference by the sensing Rx node, such as a global clock, a local clock, a time reference, or a time reference generated from another local measurement, e.g., reception time of another known signal. For instance, a path description may include paths arrived within 5 nanoseconds (ns) from the arrival of a LOS path, and / or another known time reference to the sensing Rx node;

[0124] (2) According to the propagation path direction, e.g., reflection point position information according to a known coordinate system or location reference by the sensing Rx node, angular information (e.g., AoA, ZoA) according to a known coordinate system at the sensing node, or according to a known reference direction at the sensing Rx node, such as according to a reception angle of another known signal and / or another known path such as a received LOS path;

[0125] (3) According to the movement / mobility pattern associated with the propagation path, e.g., doppler frequency shift and / or difference of the path compared to a known frequency reference at the sensing Rx node;

[0126] (4) According to the energy and / or power associated with the propagation path, e.g., RSRPP of the path or sum-RSRPP of group of paths associated to the sensing target / target area;

[0127] (5) According to a relative description of any of the above to a previous measurement and / or a previously measured, identified, and / or detected path at the sensing Rx node (e.g., a reported path measurement ID), object (e.g., an object ID), object type (e.g., a human), and / or a known path, such as a LOS path associated to a sensing Tx node or sensing signal measurement known by the sensing Rx node. For instance, a path can be identified based on paths detected according to an RSRPP increase and / or decrease of above an indicated threshold relative to a previous measurement of the sensing Rx node (e.g., at a previous measurement snapshot and / or based on a different indicated / configured sensing signal) and / or within an indicated (e.g., + / - 30 Attorney Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCT 43 degrees of) the angular distance (e.g., from the zenith, or joint azimuth and elevation perspective) of the detected LOS path of a measurement at the sensing Rx node; and / or

[0128] (6) According to combinations of one or multiple of the above.

[0129] In implementations, a description of a path can further include one or more of a signal based on which the path has been previously detected and / or measured, a signal to be detected and / or measured at the sensing Rx node, a level and / or threshold of signal RSRPP or change of signal RSRPP values, etc.

[0130] In implementations, indications of a path for the sensing Rx node can be performed via indication of a previous measurement where the path has been previously detected, identified, and / or measured at the sensing Rx node. In some examples, the indication of the path to the sensing Rx node may include a combination of one or more of a path ID, path number, path order (e.g., s strongest path), a RS resource (e.g., PRS resource, PRS resource set, CSI-RS, SRS resource, etc.) ID, a path description, etc. In some examples, when a signal ID and a path number, path description, and / or path ID are indicated together, the sensing Rx node can determine the path according to a previous measurement conducted on the indicated RS resource together with the path detected and / or identified within the measurement of the indicated RS resource.

[0131] In implementations, the configuration of the sensing measurement of Δ^ by the sensing controller function and / or configuration for reporting of the configured measurement by the sensing Rx node can be performed upon receiving a capability information from the sensing Rx node indicating one or more of:

[0132] (1) Sensing Rx node support for measurement of signal, channel, and / or carrier phase of a direct (e.g., LOS path) and / or first path delay of the channel response; Sensing Rx node supporting measurement of signal, channel, and / or carrier phase of a path other than the LOS path;

[0133] (2) Conditions of paths supported by the Sensing Rx node for performing phase measurements, e.g., maximum of N1 number of paths (other than the LOS path) supported for phase measurements, with minimum separation in angular domain from the LOS path of N2 degrees and minimum angular separation from the LOS path of N3 degrees, and minimum RSRPP of N4 for a Attorney Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCT 44 path to be supported for phase measurements, minimum RSRPP ratio of N5 compared to the LOS path, or combinations thereof;

[0134] (3) Availability of location information of the sensing Rx node (e.g., at the sensing Rx node or at the SensMF);

[0135] (4) Frequency band(s) for which the capability information applies;

[0136] (5) Supported computation models / computation methods; and / or

[0137] (6) Combinations thereof.

[0138] In implementations, the measurement of carrier phase of a path associated to a sensing target is configured to be performed by the sensing Rx node and / or reported by the sensing Rx node upon the condition that one or more of:

[0139] (1) The sensing Rx node determines that the measurement can be done above an indicated accuracy threshold, phase quality index, and / or phase quality resolution;

[0140] (2) The path associated to the sensing target and / or the sensing target area is detected at the sensing Rx node; and / or

[0141] (3) A previously configured measurement associated to the path and / or target object (e.g., measurement of Rx-Tx time difference and / or measurement of RSTD of at least the same path associated to the sensing target) can be performed and optionally, performed with a sufficient and / or indicated accuracy.

[0142] In implementations, when the measurement of Δ^ associated with a path is performed upon completion of a second measurement of the same path, the report of the measurement of the Δ^ may be (e.g., upon received configuration of the gNB and / or sensing controller function, and / or upon determination of the sensing Rx node):

[0143] (1) Reported subsequently and separately (e.g., an event-driven report such as when a change in Δψ is outside a threshold) from the report of the second measurement;

[0144] (2) Piggybacked on the same report of the second measurement; Attorney Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCT 45

[0145] (3) Combined with the obtained of the second measurement according to an indicated or known combination strategy by the sensing Rx node (e.g., value of Δ^ is utilized to generate a higher accuracy RSTD, Time of Arrival (ToA) value, Time of Flight (ToF) value); and / or

[0146] (4) Combinations thereof.

[0147] In implementations, value of a phase measurement of ^ associated to all or a subset ofdependencies ^^^, ^^, ^^, ^^, ^^, ^^, ^^, ^^^ is known to the sensing Rx node prior and / or independentto the measurement of ^^^^, ^^, ^^, ^^, ^^, ^^, ^^, ^^^ conducted at the sensing Rx node. For instance,the channel phase of a LOS path is computed based on at least in part the position of a sensing Tx node (e.g., via a prior indication of the sensing controller function and / or the sensing Tx node) and position of the sensing Rx node, e.g., as obtained at the sensing Rx node via Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), via non-3GPP positioning methods, etc. The availability of such information and / or option for computation may be indicated to the sensing controller function as a capability element of the sensing Rx node. In some examples, the configured measurement of the sensing Rx node may be included (e.g., indicated to the sensing Rx node, defined as, and / orreported by the sensing Rx node) as measurement of ψ^^^, ^^, ^^, ^^, ^^, ^^, ^^, ^^^ and / ormeasurement of a Δψ (assuming ^^^^, ^^, ^^, ^^, ^^, ^^, ^^, ^^^ as zero), subject to a compensationand / or calibration of the measurement of the sensing Rx node (e.g., as a prior and / or separate step to the measurement) based on the known, computed, and / or expected value of^^^^, ^^, ^^, ^^, ^^, ^^, ^^, ^^^ and the measurement of the ^^^^, ^^, ^^, ^^, ^^, ^^, ^^, ^^^.

[0148] In implementations, the carrier phase measurement reports (reporting of ^ or Δ^) include an associated timestamp and the timestamp granularity may be a slot or OFDM symbol.

[0149] In implementations, one or more of the configurations such as of a sensing signal, a sensing transmission, sensing reception, a sensing measurement, etc., indications, reporting information elements between a sensing Tx node, a sending Rx node, and the sensing controller function, or subsets thereof, can be one or more of: received by the sensing Rx nodes, transmitted by the sensing Rx nodes, received by the sensing Tx nodes, transmitted by the sensing Tx nodes, transmitted and / or received by the SensMF node, and / or combinations thereof via one or more of: Attorney Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCT 46

[0150] (1) UL, DL, or SL physical data control channels defined within the communication network (e.g., NR Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH), Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH), Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH), Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH), Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH), Physical Sidelink Broadcast Channel (PSBCH), Physical Sidelink Control Channel (PSCCH), Physical Sidelink Shared Channel (PSSCH)) via a higher layer (Medium Access Control (MAC)-Control Element (CE) or RRC) signaling, where the sensing Rx and / or the sensing Tx node can be a UE;

[0151] (2) A logical interface between the SF and the Sensing nodes, as part of the Location Positioning Protocol (LPP), as a modified and / or enhanced LPP message framework for sensing, and / or as an interface defined for sensing message exchanges over the N1 interface between the SF and a UE, where the sensing Tx and / or sensing Rx node can be a UE;

[0152] (3) A logical interface between the sensing controller function and the sensing nodes, as part of the NR Positioning Protocol A (NRPPa) (or modified and / or enhanced NRPPa message framework for sensing), or as an interface defined over the Next Generation Application Protocol (NGAP) interface, where the sensing Tx and / or sensing Rx node is a TRP of RAN and the sensing controller function is a core network function, e.g., SF, LMF, etc.; and / or

[0153] (4) A logical interface between the sensing controller function and the sensing nodes where the sensing controller function is a serving gNB of a sensing task and the sensing node is a UE or a TRP of RAN. In some examples, the logical interface utilizes (at least in part) the X2 interface between the associated gNB of the sensing node and the serving gNB of the sensing task.

[0154] As referenced previously, implementations described herein include utilizing CP difference of a path across multiple frequencies. In implementations, a sensing Rx node is configured with the reception of at least two sensing signals occupying, at least in part, different frequency resources. The different frequency resources, for example, can include signals of different CCs, signals of different BWPs, signals of different PFLs, different frequency regions, different frequency sub-bands, different frequency sub-blocks, different frequency bands, etc. Further, the sensing Rx node is indicated with a propagation sensing path terminated at the sensing Rx node for which the path properties (e.g., a RS path power, path direction, path zenith of arrival, path doppler shift, carrier phase, signal, channel phase, etc.) are to be measured by the sensing Rx Attorney Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCT 47 node. The propagation sensing path, for can be based on a description of a path associated with a sensing target and / or sensing area of interest, indication(s) of one or more of a previously detected, previously reported, and / or previously measured path by the sensing Rx node, etc.

[0155] In implementations the sensing Rx node is further configured to perform a joint sensing measurement (e.g., measurement of one or more properties of an indicated sensing path) over the at least two sensing signals, where the joint sensing measurement includes the difference of the carrier phase, signal, and / or channel phase (e.g., CPD) between the at least two received sensing signals via the indicated sensing path. In some examples, the at least two sensing signals can be assumed to be quasi-collocated (e.g., have the same source Quasi-Co-Located (QCL) RS) with respect to at least one of average delay and spatial Rx parameter. Spatial Rx parameters may include one or more of: AoA, Dominant AoA, average AoA, angular spread, Power Angular Spectrum (PAS) of AoA, average Angle of Departure (AoD), PAS of AoD, receive channel correlation, receive beamforming, spatial channel correlation, etc.

[0156] In implementations the subcarrier spacing of the at least two sensing signals occupying, at least in part, different frequency resources is the same. In other examples, the subcarrier spacing of the at least two sensing signals is different, and, in at least some cases, the indicated and / or configured sensing path is time-aligned (e.g., via a common time reference) between the at least two sensing signals, such as over a first detected path.

[0157] In implementations the time and / or frequency synchronization is the same for reception of at least two sensing signals occupying, at least in part, different frequency resources at the sensing Rx node. In at least one example, the time and / or frequency synchronization for receiving the second sensing signal occupying a second frequency resource is determined based on (e.g., identical to) the time and / or frequency synchronization for receiving a first sensing signal occupying a first frequency resource. In at least some examples, the first frequency resource and the second frequency resource are in the same frequency band, e.g., intra-band sensing signals; in other examples, the first frequency resource and the second frequency resource are in different frequency bands, e.g., inter-band sensing signals.

[0158] In implementations the measurement of the CPD between the at least two received sensing signals via the indicated sensing path is configured and / or reported jointly with Attorney Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCT 48 configuration and / or reporting of a first The first measurement, for instance, includes a timing estimation of at least one sensing signal of the at least two sensing signals propagated via the indicated sensing path. The timing estimation, for instance, can be obtained via the first sensing signal, via the second sensing signal, and / or jointly via the first and the second sensing signals as a joint timing estimate, as an average timing estimate between the at least two signals, etc.

[0159] The timing estimation can include one or more of:

[0160] (1) a propagation time / ToF estimation of the sensing path;

[0161] (2) a ToA of the two signals (e.g., when signals share the same transmission timing) or a weighted and / or delayed average of the ToA of two signals, e.g., when two signals are transmitted with a delay;

[0162] (3) RTOA of the at least one sensing signal relative to a RTOA reference time;

[0163] (4) a time difference between the at least two sensing signals (e.g., a difference between the time when the sensing Rx node receives the start of the at least two sensing signals or the start of the subframes including the at least two sensing signals;

[0164] (5) an Rx (of the indicated sensing path)-to-Tx time difference;

[0165] (6) a Tx-to-Rx (via the indicated sensing path) time difference;

[0166] (7) AoA (e.g., azimuth and / or elevation / vertical) of the sensing path relative to a reference direction;

[0167] (8) doppler frequency shift of the sensing path; and / or

[0168] (9) Combinations of the above.

[0169] In implementations the joint configuration and / or reporting of the CPD measurement and the first measurement includes sharing, between the CPD measurement and the first measurement, one or more of the same all or a subset of a measurement configuration message; measurement configuration message parameters and / or information; a reporting configuration message; reporting configuration parameters and / or information; a reporting message; reporting values, reporting information, and / or a combinations thereof. Attorney Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCT 49

[0170] In implementations the joint and / or reporting of the CPD measurement and the first measurement includes indication of the first measurement in the configuration of the CPD measurement.

[0171] In implementations all or a subset of the parameters defining the sensing signals (e.g., PRS resource ID, sensing RS ID, etc.), the description, indication, and / or parameters defining the sensing beam, the reception beam of the sensing signals at the sensing Rx node, etc., for the sensing measurement (measurement of the CPD between the at least two received sensing signals) are assumed by or indicated to the sensing Rx node to be the same as configured for the first measurement.

[0172] In implementations when the measurement of the CPD between the at least two received sensing signals is configured jointly with the first measurement, the CPD measurement can be performed under the condition (e.g., as indicated to the sensing Rx node) that the first measurement is performed to satisfy criteria. Examples of the criteria include that the first measurement is performed within an indicated time window, performed with an indicated accuracy (e.g., timing accuracy), that a sensing path is detected and / or present with a minimum probability according to the indicated path description to the sensing Rx node, that the detected sensing path power (RSRPP) is beyond an indicated threshold, and / or combinations thereof.

[0173] In implementations when the measurement of the CPD between the at least two received sensing signals is configured jointly with the first measurement, the CPD measurement can be adjusted to the obtained measurement value of the first measurement, e.g., the Rx beam of the CPD measurement is determined as the Rx beam by which the sensing path obtained a maximum RSRPP at the sensing Rx node.

[0174] In implementations when the measurement of the CPD between the at least two received sensing signals is configured together with the first measurement, the sensing Rx node is configured to utilize a combination of the obtained first measurement as well as the obtained CPD of the path to obtain a timing measurement (e.g., path propagation time, ToF), and report the obtained combined timing measurement. In examples, the report of the combined timing measurement is done via the same codebook (e.g., a codebook including possible timing values) as with the first Attorney Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCT 50 measurement. In some examples, the measurement is reported via a different codebook, e.g., a table including timing values with higher resolution.

[0175] In implementations when the measurement of the CPD between the at least two received sensing signals is configured together with the first measurement, the sensing Rx node is configured to report the measurement of the first measurement and the CPD measurement separately, e.g., via a different report message, a same report message, a different transmission occasion, a same transmission occasion, etc. In some examples, the reporting of the CPD is performed via a codebook including relative timing adjustments, e.g., as a timing information to be combined with a previously indicated and / or reported timing. In some examples, when the measurement of CPD of two sensing signals propagating through the sensing path is measured together and / or subsequent to a timing estimation (e.g., for ToF and / or ToA), the sensing Rx node is configured to convert the obtained CPD value to a correction to the previously obtained ToF, which may be reported separately than the initially measured ToF.

[0176] In implementations the measurement of the CPD of an indicated sensing path can be performed based on the sensing signals transmitted in the DL direction and measured by a UE sensing Rx. In such implementations and in some examples, the measurement of the CPD of an indicated sensing path can be configured, measured, and / or reported as defined (at least in part) in Table 3.3.1.1 and Table 3.3.1.3, below.

[0177] In implementations the measurement of the CPD of an indicated sensing path can be performed based on the sensing signals transmitted in the UL direction and measured by a gNB and / or TRP sensing Rx. In such implementations and in some examples, the measurement of the CPD of an indicated sensing path is configured, measured, and / or reported as defined (at least in part) in Table 3.3.1.1 and Table 3.3.1.4, below.

[0178] In implementations the measurement of the CPD of an indicated sensing path can be performed based on the sensing signals transmitted in the SL direction and measured by a UE sensing Rx. In such implementations and in some examples, the measurement of the CPD of an indicated sensing path is configured, measured, and / or reported as defined (at least in part) in Table 3.3.1.1 and Table 3.3.1.5, below. Attorney Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCT 51

[0179] In implementations the the CPD of an indicated sensing path is performed based on the sensing signals transmitted by a TRP and measured by a TRP sensing Rx, hence, the transmission of TRP-to-TRP. In such implementations and in some examples the measurement of the CPD of an indicated sensing path is configured, measured, and / or reported as defined (at least in part) in Table 3.3.1.2 and Table 3.3.1.6, below.

[0180] In the below example definitions of Tables 3.3.1.1-3.3.1.5, the path P may be:

[0181] (1) the path corresponding to the P-th path of a path group identified at the sensing Rx node according to a path group description (e.g., paths detectable by the sensing Rx node satisfying a path description as described in the previous implementations) and according to an ordering scheme. The ordering scheme, for instance, specifies ordering in the increasing or decreasing direction of path arrival time and / or path delay, path AoA and / or ZoA with respect to (difference with) a reference arrival direction (e.g., an indicated direction according to the Local Coordinate System (LCS), Global Coordinate System (GCS), or a reference detected direction of the LOS / first arrival path), a path doppler shift, etc. For example, the path corresponding to the P-th path of a path group identified at the sensing Rx node may be the path corresponding to the P-th path delay of the channel response between the TP and the sensing Rx node;

[0182] (2) the path associated with a label / ID P; or

[0183] (3) the path detected based on a path description ID P. Attorney Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCT 52 TABLE 3.3.1.1. DL / UL / SL signal carrier phase of a path (RSCPP) Example DL / UL / SL reference signal carrier phase of a path (RSCPP) is defined as the Definition phase of the channel derived at the path P from the resource elements carrying DL / UL / SL RS (e.g., DL PRS, UL SRS, SL PRS, etc.) configured for the [the definition of a measurement. measurement may be taken at least partially based on In some implementations, DL / UL / SL RSCPP is associated with a known an exemplified frequency reference point of the corresponding DL / UL / SL frame (e.g., center definition (in full frequency, initial RE, last RE of a scheduled signal resource, e.g., PFL, a or in part) herein] sensing RS, etc.) and / or with a known time reference point of the corresponding DL / UL / SL frame (a starting time of a scheduled signal resource). In some implementations, for frequency range 1, the reference point for the RSCPP shall be the antenna connector of the receiver device. In some implementations, for frequency range 2, the reference point for the RSCPP shall be the antenna of the receiver device. Applicable for One or more of RRC_CONNECTED, RRC_INACTIVE, RRC_IDLE states Attorney Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCT 53 TABLE 3.3.1.2. TRP-to-TRP reference carrier phase of a path (TRP2TRP RSCPP) Example TRP-to-TRP reference signal carrier phase of a path (TRP2TRP RSCPP) is Definition defined as the phase of the channel response at a path P (initiated from the first [the definition of a TRP and terminated at the second TRP) derived from a signal transmitted by the measurement may first TRP (e.g., a DL PRS or other RS, DL physical control or data channel which be taken at least is known to (acting as reference signal) for the second TRP) and received by a partially based on second TRP. an exemplified In some implementations, the first and second TRPs may be the same TRP, may definition (in full be different but belong to a same gNB belong to the same gNB-CU, belong to the or in part) herein] same gNB-Distributed Unit (DU), or belong to different gNB / gNB-DU / gNB- CUs. In some implementations, TRP2TRP RSCPP is associated with a known frequency reference point of the corresponding DL / UL / SL frame of the first or second TRP (e.g., center frequency, initial RE, last RE of a scheduled signal resource, e.g., PFL, a sensing RS, etc.) and / or with a known time reference point of the corresponding DL / UL / SL frame of the first or second TRP (a starting time of a scheduled signal resource) In some implementations, for frequency range 1, the reference point for the RSCPP shall be the antenna connector of the receiver device. In some implementations, for frequency range 2, the reference point for the RSCPP shall be the antenna of the receiver device. Applicable for One or more of TRPs in the active state (for the first TRP) and TRPs in the either active or inactive state (for the second TRP), including or excluding (in some implementations) TRPs in the Discontinuous Transmission (DTX) and / or Discontinuous Reception (DRX) states. Attorney Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCT 54 TABLE 3.3.1.3. DL reference signal phase difference of a path (DL RSCPDP) Example DL reference signal carrier phase difference of a path (DL RSCPDP) is defined Definition [the as the difference of DL RSCPPs of the path P measured from a first DL definition of a reference signal (e.g., a CSI-RS, a DL-PRS, DL sensing-specific RS) measurement may transmitted in a first frequency (e.g., a DL PFL, CC, BWP etc.) and a second be taken at least DL reference signal transmitted in a second frequency (maybe overlapping or partially based on not overlapping in frequency resources with the first RS). an exemplified The first and second DL RSs may be transmitted from the same or different definition (in full TRP. or in part) herein] If UE reports and / or measures the RSCPDP measurements together with a first measurement, e.g., UE DL RSTD, UE Rx (of path P)-Tx time difference, utilizing the first and / or the second DL RS, the TP, the path P, the measurement time reference, the measurement timestamp (or a combination thereof) for DL RSCPDP is the same as for the first measurement. In some implementations, for frequency range 1, the reference point for the DL RSCPDP shall be the antenna connector of the UE. For frequency range 2, the reference point for the DL RSCPDP shall be the antenna of the UE. Applicable for One or more of RRC_CONNECTED, RRC_INACTIVE, RRC_IDLE Attorney Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCT 55 TABLE 3.3.1.4. UL reference signal phase difference of a path (UL RSCPDP) Example UL reference signal carrier phase difference of a path (UL RSCPDP) is defined Definition [the as the difference of UL RSCPPs of the path P measured from a first UL definition of a reference signal (e.g., an UL SRS, UL DMRS, UE sensing-specific RS) measurement may transmitted in a first frequency (e.g., a DL PFL, CC, BWP etc.) and a second be taken at least UL reference signal transmitted in a second frequency (maybe overlapping or partially based on not overlapping in frequency resources with the first RS). an exemplified If gNB / TRP reports and / or measures the UL RSCPDP measurements together definition (in full with a first measurement, e.g., RTOA, gNB Rx (of path P)-Tx time difference, or in part) herein] utilizing the first and / or the second UL RS, then the path P, the measurement time reference, the measurement timestamp (or a combination thereof) for UL RSCPDP is the same as for the first measurement. In some implementations, for frequency range 1, the reference point for the UL RSCPDP shall be the antenna connector of the gNB / TRP. For frequency range 2, the reference point for the UL RSCPDP shall be the antenna of the gNB / TRP. Attorney Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCT 56 TABLE 3.3.1.5. SL reference signal phase difference of a path (SL RSCPDP) Example SL reference signal carrier phase difference of a path (SL RSCPDP) is defined Definition [the as the difference of SL RSCPPs of the path P measured from a first SL definition of a reference signal (e.g., a SL-PRS, SL sensing-specific RS) transmitted in a first measurement may frequency (e.g., a PFL, CC, BWP etc.) and a second SL reference signal be taken at least transmitted in a second frequency (maybe overlapping or not overlapping in partially based on frequency resources with the first RS). an exemplified The first and second DL RSs may be transmitted from the same or different definition (in full UE / transmission point. or in part) herein] If UE reports and / or measures the SL RSCPDP measurements together with a first measurement, e.g., SL RSTD (of a reference path and path P), SL Rx (of path P)-Tx time difference, SL RTOA (of path P), SL AoA (of path P), utilizing the first and / or the second SL RS, the TP (transmitting UE), the path P, the measurement time reference, the measurement timestamp for SL RSCPDP is the same as for the first measurement. In some implementations, for frequency range 1, the reference point for the SL RSCPDP shall be the antenna connector of the UE. For frequency range 2, the reference point for the SL RSCPDP shall be the antenna of the UE. Applicable for One or more of RRC_CONNECTED, RRC_INACTIVE, RRC_IDLE Attorney Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCT 57 TABLE 3.3.1.6. TRP-to-TRP signal carrier phase difference of a path (TRP2TRP RSCPDP) Example TRP2TRP reference signal carrier phase difference of a path (SL RSCPDP) is Definition [the defined as the difference of TRP2TRP RSCPPs of the path P measured (by the definition of a second TRP) from a first signal transmitted by the first TRP at a first frequency measurement may (e.g., a PFL, CC, BWP etc.) and a second signal transmitted by the first TRP in be taken at least a second frequency (maybe overlapping or not overlapping in frequency partially based on resources with the first signal). an exemplified If the second TRP reports and / or measures the TRP2TRP RSCPDP definition (in full measurements together with a first measurement at the second TRP, e.g., RSTD or in part) herein] (of a reference path and path P), Rx (of path P)-Tx time difference, RTOA (of path P), AoA (of path P), utilizing the first and / or the second signal, the TP (transmitting TRP), the path P, the measurement time reference, the measurement timestamp for TRP2TRP RSCPDP is the same as for the first measurement. In some implementations, for frequency range 1, the reference point for the RSCPP shall be the antenna connector of the receiver device. In some implementations, for frequency range 2, the reference point for the RSCPP shall be the antenna of the receiver device. Applicable for One or more of TRPs in the active state (for the first TRP) and TRPs in the either active or inactive state (for the second TRP), including or excluding (in some implementations) TRPs in the DTX and / or DRX states.

[0184] In implementations the utilized first and second signals for the measurement of one or more of DL-RSCPDP, UL-RSCPDP, SL-RSCPDP, TRP2TRP-RSCPDP:

[0185] (1) Can use a common numerology (e.g., of cyclic prefix length, Sub-Carrier Spacing (SCS), etc.) across intra-band contiguous PFLs, bands, and / or CCs of the first and second signal for which the RSCPDP measurement is conducted; Attorney Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCT 58

[0186] (2) May have different bandwidths different number of PRS RBs), such as PRS resources from different PFLs;

[0187] (3) The first and second signal can be transmitted and / or configured within a known and / or indicated time window (e.g., starting and / or included in the same symbol, same slot, or a same subframe), such as part of a specification of the sensing controller function configuration that the sensing Tx and / or sensing Rx nodes may assume;

[0188] (4) Can be transmitted by the same UE (e.g., for UL or SL measurements), by the same TRP (e.g., for DL or TRP2TRP measurements) and / or associated with a common ARP; and / or

[0189] (5) Combinations of one or multiple of the above.

[0190] Figure 8 illustrates an example of a UE 800 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The UE 800 may include a processor 802, a memory 804, a controller 806, and a transceiver 808. The processor 802, the memory 804, the controller 806, or the transceiver 808, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of the present disclosure as described herein. These components may be coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces.

[0191] The processor 802, the memory 804, the controller 806, or the transceiver 808, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., circuitry). The hardware may include a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or other programmable logic device, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure.

[0192] The processor 802 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA, or any combination thereof). In some implementations, the processor 802 may be configured to operate the memory 804. In some other implementations, the memory 804 may be integrated into the processor 802. The processor 802 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in the memory 804 to cause the UE 800 to perform various functions of the present disclosure. Attorney Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCT 59

[0193] The memory 804 may include or non-volatile memory. The memory 804 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions when executed by the processor 802 cause the UE 800 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as the memory 804 or another type of memory. Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer.

[0194] In some implementations, the processor 802 and the memory 804 coupled with the processor 802 may be configured to cause the UE 800 to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., executing, by the processor 802, instructions stored in the memory 804). For example, the processor 802 may support wireless communication at the UE 800 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The UE 800 may be configured to or operable to support a means for receiving, via a sensing measurement apparatus, a measurement configuration for measuring one or more of a first RS, a second RS, or a RSCPDP based at least in part on the first RS and the second RS received via one or more sensing paths, the measurement configuration including an indication of the one or more sensing paths; receiving a reporting configuration associated with the measurement configuration; measuring the RSCPDP based at least in part on the first RS and second RS received via the one or more sensing paths; and reporting a measurement report including a measured RSCPDP value based at least in part on the reporting configuration.

[0195] Additionally, the UE 800 may be configured to support any one or combination of where the second RS is received via one or more of a different frequency band, a different BWP, a different PFL, or a different CC than the first RS; one or more sensing paths are based at least in part on one or more of one or more previously detected sensing paths, one or more reported sensing paths, or one or more sensing paths determined by the sensing measurement apparatus; the sensing measurement apparatus includes one or more of a UE, a PRU, a gNB, or a TRP; the indication of one or more sensing paths includes one or more of: one or more sensing path descriptions; one or more sensing path IDs; one or more of an object ID or a reflector ID associated to a path; one or more of a signal ID or an RS ID from which a previously detected or reported path has been observed; one or more path numbers or path order numbers; or a sensing path ordering logic; the Attorney Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCT 60 one or more sensing path IDs include one or IDs for one or more identified sensing paths that are one or more of previously measured or previously defined by the sensing measurement apparatus, and where the one or more sensing path IDs are associated with one or more RS via which the sensing measurement apparatus measured the identified one or more sensing paths.

[0196] Additionally, the UE 800 may be configured to support any one or combination of where the sensing path ordering logic includes one or more of an order of arrival path in delay, an order of arrival path arrival in zenith closest to one or more of a first arrival path in delay or a LOS path; the measurement configuration further includes an indication of a first measurement time reference for measurement of the first RS and a second measurement time reference for measurement of the second RS, where the first measurement time reference is identical to or different than the second measurement time reference; the measurement configuration further includes an indication of a first measurement phase reference for measurement of a reference path and a second measurement phase reference for measurement of a sensing path, where the first measurement phase reference for measurement and the second measurement phase reference for measurement are identical or different; the measurement configuration further includes an indication of a first measurement frequency reference for measurement of the first RS and a second measurement frequency reference for measurement of the second RS, where the first measurement frequency reference is identical to or different than the second measurement frequency reference; the measurement configuration further includes an indication of a first measurement ARP reference for measurement of the first RS and a second measurement ARP reference for measurement of the second RS, where the first measurement ARP reference for measurement is identical to or different than the second measurement ARP reference for measurement.

[0197] Additionally, the UE 800 may be configured to support any one or combination of where the measurement configuration further includes an indication of a computation model for measurement of one or more of CP or CPD of the first RS and the second RS; the measurement configuration further includes measurement configuration attributes including at least one of one or more associated TPs, one or more associated sensing signals, one or more measurement time references, one or more measurement frequency references, one or more ARPs, or one or more computation models for measurement of one or more of CP or CPD of the first RS and the second RS, and where instances of the measurement configuration attributes are one or more of: indicated Attorney Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCT 61 implicitly or explicitly to the sensing apparatus by a sensing controller apparatus; determined, at least in part, autonomously by the sensing measurement apparatus and reported to the sensing controller apparatus; assumed to be identical for measurements of the first RS and the second RS by which the RSCPDP is measured; one or more of not indicated as part of the measurement configuration, not determined by the sensing measurement apparatus, or not included in the measurement report; one or more of an on-demand configuration requested by the sensing measurement apparatus or a measurement configuration report transmitted by the sensing measurement apparatus to the sensing controller apparatus; or combinations thereof.

[0198] Additionally, the UE 800 may be configured to support any one or combination of where measurement of the RSCPDP is further associated with a first measurement, and where the first measurement includes one or more of: RSTD of two or more sensing paths; RTOA of two or more sensing paths; reception-to-transmission time difference of two or more sensing paths; one or more of AoA measurement or ZoA measurement of a sensing path; one or more of AoA difference or ZoA difference of two or more sensing paths; doppler shift measurement of a sensing path; or measurement of doppler shift difference of two or more sensing paths; configuring the measurement of the RSCPDP and the first measurement jointly; performing the measurement of the RSCPDP and the first measurement includes using one or more of: the first RS and the second RS for the measurement of RSCPDP and the first measurement; a same TP; a same sensing path; or one or more of a same set of time reference points, a same set of frequency reference points, or a same set of ARPs; one or more of jointly configuring or jointly reporting, via a common message, the measurement report and the first measurement.

[0199] Additionally, the UE 800 may be configured to support any one or combination of performing joint reporting of the measurement report and the first measurement, and where the joint reporting utilizes a joint codebook for reporting the measurement report and the first measurement; obtaining a timing measurement based at least in part on the measurement of RSCPDP and the first measurement, and reporting the timing measurement; reporting the timing measurement as a timing correction to a previous timing measurement; transmitting, to a sensing controller apparatus, a capability report for the sensing measurement apparatus, and receiving the measurement configuration based at least in part on the capability report; the one or more sensing paths include at least one of: one or more propagation paths associated with at least one of a sensing target or a Attorney Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCT 62 sensing target area of interest; one or more paths associated with a LOS propagation condition from one or more sensing transmission apparatus; or one or more propagation paths associated with a reflection from at least one of a known reflector or a known object.

[0200] Additionally, or alternatively, the UE 800 may support at least one memory (e.g., the memory 804) and at least one processor (e.g., the processor 802) coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the UE to receive a measurement configuration for measuring one or more of a first RS, a second RS, or a RSCPDP based at least in part on the first RS and the second RS received via one or more sensing paths, the measurement configuration including an indication of the one or more sensing paths; receive a reporting configuration associated with the measurement configuration; measure the RSCPDP based at least in part on the first RS and second RS received via the one or more sensing paths; and report a measurement report including a measured RSCPDP value based at least in part on the reporting configuration.

[0201] Additionally, the UE 800 may be configured to support any one or combination of where the second RS is received via one or more of a different frequency band, a different BWP, a different PFL, or a different CC than the first RS; one or more sensing paths are based at least in part on one or more of one or more previously detected sensing paths, one or more reported sensing paths, or one or more sensing paths determined by the apparatus; the apparatus includes one or more of a UE, a PRU, a gNB, or a TRP; the indication of one or more sensing paths includes one or more of: one or more sensing path descriptions; one or more sensing path IDs; one or more of an object ID or a reflector ID associated to a path; one or more of a signal ID or an RS ID from which a previously detected or reported path has been observed; one or more path numbers or path order numbers; or a sensing path ordering logic; the one or more sensing path IDs include one or more IDs for one or more identified sensing paths that are one or more of previously measured or previously defined by the apparatus, and where the one or more sensing path IDs are associated with one or more RS via which the apparatus measured the identified one or more sensing paths; the sensing path ordering logic includes one or more of an order of arrival path in delay, an order of arrival path arrival in zenith closest to one or more of a first arrival path in delay or a LOS path.

[0202] Additionally, the UE 800 may be configured to support any one or combination of where the measurement configuration further includes an indication of a first measurement time reference for measurement of the first RS and a second measurement time reference for measurement of the Attorney Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCT 63 second RS, where the first measurement time is identical to or different than the second measurement time reference; the measurement configuration further includes an indication of a first measurement phase reference for measurement of a reference path and a second measurement phase reference for measurement of a sensing path, where the first measurement phase reference for measurement and the second measurement phase reference for measurement are identical or different; the measurement configuration further includes an indication of a first measurement frequency reference for measurement of the first RS and a second measurement frequency reference for measurement of the second RS, where the first measurement frequency reference is identical to or different than the second measurement frequency reference; the measurement configuration further includes an indication of a first measurement ARP reference for measurement of the first RS and a second measurement ARP reference for measurement of the second RS, where the first measurement ARP reference for measurement is identical to or different than the second measurement ARP reference for measurement; the measurement configuration further includes an indication of a computation model for measurement of one or more of CP or CPD of the first RS and the second RS.

[0203] Additionally, the UE 800 may be configured to support any one or combination of where the measurement configuration further includes measurement configuration attributes including at least one of one or more associated TPs, one or more associated sensing signals, one or more measurement time references, one or more measurement frequency references, one or more ARPs, or one or more computation models for measurement of one or more of CP or CPD of the first RS and the second RS, and where instances of the measurement configuration attributes are one or more of: indicated implicitly or explicitly to the apparatus by a sensing controller apparatus; determined, at least in part, autonomously by the apparatus and reported to the sensing controller apparatus; assumed to be identical for measurements of the first RS and the second RS by which the RSCPDP is measured; one or more of not indicated as part of the measurement configuration, not determined by the apparatus, or not included in the measurement report; one or more of an on- demand configuration requested by the apparatus or a measurement configuration report transmitted by the apparatus to the sensing controller apparatus; or combinations thereof.

[0204] Additionally, the UE 800 may be configured to support any one or combination of where measurement of the RSCPDP is further associated with a first measurement, and where the first Attorney Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCT 64 measurement includes one or more of: RSTD or more sensing paths; RTOA of two or more sensing paths; reception-to-transmission time difference of two or more sensing paths; one or more of AoA measurement or ZoA measurement of a sensing path; one or more of AoA difference or ZoA difference of two or more sensing paths; doppler shift measurement of a sensing path; or measurement of doppler shift difference of two or more sensing paths; the at least one processor is configured to cause the apparatus to configure the measurement of the RSCPDP and the first measurement jointly; to perform the measurement of the RSCPDP and the first measurement, the at least one processor is configured to cause the apparatus to use one or more of: the first RS and the second RS for the measurement of RSCPDP and the first measurement; a same TP; a same sensing path; or one or more of a same set of time reference points, a same set of frequency reference points, or a same set of ARPs; the at least one processor is configured to cause the apparatus to one or more of jointly configure or jointly report, via a common message, the measurement report and the first measurement; the at least one processor is configured to cause the apparatus to perform joint reporting of the measurement report and the first measurement, and where the joint reporting utilizes a joint codebook for reporting the measurement report and the first measurement.

[0205] Additionally, the UE 800 may be configured to support any one or combination of where the at least one processor is configured to cause the apparatus to obtain a timing measurement based at least in part on the measurement of RSCPDP and the first measurement, and report the timing measurement; the at least one processor is configured to cause the apparatus to report the timing measurement as a timing correction to a previous timing measurement; the at least one processor is configured to cause the apparatus to transmit, to a sensing controller apparatus, a capability report for the apparatus, and receive the measurement configuration based at least in part on the capability report; the one or more sensing paths include at least one of: one or more propagation paths associated with at least one of a sensing target or a sensing target area of interest; one or more propagation paths associated with a LOS propagation condition from one or more sensing transmission apparatus; or one or more propagation paths associated with a reflection from at least one of a known reflector or a known object.

[0206] In some implementations, the processor 802 and the memory 804 coupled with the processor 802 may be configured to cause the UE 800 to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., executing, by the processor 802, instructions stored in the memory 804). For Attorney Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCT 65 example, the processor 802 may support communication at the UE 800 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The UE 800 may be configured to or operable to support a means for transmitting a measurement configuration for measuring one or more of a first RS, a second RS, or a RSCPDP based at least in part on the first RS and the second RS received via one or more sensing paths, the measurement configuration including an indication of the one or more sensing paths; transmitting a reporting configuration associated with the measurement configuration; and receiving a measurement report including a measured RSCPDP value based at least in part on the reporting configuration.

[0207] Additionally, the UE 800 may be configured to support any one or combination of where the indication of one or more sensing paths includes one or more of: one or more sensing path descriptions; one or more sensing path IDs; one or more of an object ID or a reflector ID associated to a path; one or more of a signal ID or an RS ID from which a previously detected or reported path has been observed; one or more path numbers or path order numbers; or a sensing path ordering logic; the measurement configuration further includes an indication of a first measurement time reference for measurement of the first RS and a second measurement time reference for measurement of the second RS, where the first measurement time reference is identical to or different than the second measurement time reference; the measurement configuration further includes an indication of a first measurement phase reference for measurement of a reference path and a second measurement phase reference for measurement of the one or more sensing paths, where the first measurement phase reference for measurement and the second measurement phase reference for measurement are identical or different.

[0208] Additionally, the UE 800 may be configured to support any one or combination of where the measurement configuration further includes an indication of a first measurement frequency reference for measurement of the first RS and a second measurement frequency reference for measurement of the second RS, where the first measurement frequency reference is identical to or different than the second measurement frequency reference; the measurement configuration further includes an indication of a first measurement ARP reference for measurement of the first RS and a second measurement ARP reference for measurement of the second RS, where the first measurement ARP reference for measurement is identical to or different than the second measurement ARP reference for measurement; the measurement configuration further includes an Attorney Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCT 66 indication of a computation model for of one or more of CP or CPD of the first RS and the second RS.

[0209] Additionally, the UE 800 may be configured to support any one or combination of where the measurement configuration further includes measurement configuration attributes including at least one of one or more associated TPs, one or more associated sensing signals, one or more measurement time references, one or more measurement frequency references, one or more ARPs, or one or more computation models for measurement of one or more of CP or CPD of the first RS and the second RS, and where instances of the measurement configuration attributes are one or more of: indicated implicitly or explicitly by a sensing controller apparatus to a sensing measurement apparatus; determined, at least in part, autonomously by the sensing measurement apparatus and reported to the sensing controller apparatus; assumed to be identical for measurements of the first RS and the second RS by which the RSCPDP is measured; at least one of an on-demand configuration requested by the sensing measurement apparatus or a measurement configuration report transmitted by the sensing measurement apparatus to the sensing controller apparatus; or combinations thereof.

[0210] Additionally, the UE 800 may be configured to support any one or combination of receiving a joint report including a common message including the measurement report and a first measurement; the first measurement includes one or more of: RSTD of two or more sensing paths; RTOA of two or more sensing paths; reception-to-transmission time difference of two or more sensing paths; one or more of AoA measurement or ZoA measurement of a sensing path; one or more of AoA difference or ZoA difference of two or more sensing paths; doppler shift measurement of a sensing path; or measurement of doppler shift difference of two or more sensing paths; the joint report is based at least in part on a joint codebook for reporting the measurement report and the first measurement; receiving a report of a timing measurement based at least in part on the measurement of RSCPDP and the first measurement; the report of the timing measurement includes a timing correction to a previously received timing measurement; : receiving, from a sensing measurement apparatus, a capability report for the sensing measurement apparatus; and transmitting, to the sensing measurement apparatus, the measurement configuration based at least in part on the capability report; the one or more sensing paths include at least one of: one or more propagation paths associated with at least one of a sensing target or a sensing target area of interest; one or more Attorney Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCT 67 propagation paths associated with a LOS condition from one or more sensing transmission apparatus; or one or more propagation paths associated with a reflection from at least one of a known reflector or a known object.

[0211] Additionally, or alternatively, the UE 800 may support at least one memory (e.g., the memory 804) and at least one processor (e.g., the processor 802) coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the UE to transmit a measurement configuration for measuring one or more of a first RS, a second RS, or a RSCPDP based at least in part on the first RS and the second RS received via one or more sensing paths, the measurement configuration including an indication of the one or more sensing paths; transmit a reporting configuration associated with the measurement configuration; and receive a measurement report including a measured RSCPDP value based at least in part on the reporting configuration.

[0212] Additionally, the UE 800 may be configured to support any one or combination of where the indication of one or more sensing paths includes one or more of: one or more sensing path descriptions; one or more sensing path IDs; one or more of an object ID or a reflector ID associated to a path; one or more of a signal ID or an RS ID from which a previously detected or reported path has been observed; one or more path numbers or path order numbers; or a sensing path ordering logic; the measurement configuration further includes an indication of a first measurement time reference for measurement of the first RS and a second measurement time reference for measurement of the second RS, where the first measurement time reference is identical to or different than the second measurement time reference; the measurement configuration further includes an indication of a first measurement phase reference for measurement of a reference path and a second measurement phase reference for measurement of the one or more sensing paths, where the first measurement phase reference for measurement and the second measurement phase reference for measurement are identical or different; where the measurement configuration further includes an indication of a first measurement frequency reference for measurement of the first RS and a second measurement frequency reference for measurement of the second RS, where the first measurement frequency reference is identical to or different than the second measurement frequency reference.

[0213] Additionally, the UE 800 may be configured to support any one or combination of where the measurement configuration further includes an indication of a first measurement ARP reference Attorney Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCT 68 for measurement of the first RS and a second ARP reference for measurement of the second RS, where the first measurement ARP reference for measurement is identical to or different than the second measurement ARP reference for measurement; the measurement configuration further includes an indication of a computation model for measurement of one or more of CP or CPD of the first RS and the second RS; the measurement configuration further includes measurement configuration attributes including at least one of one or more associated TPs, one or more associated sensing signals, one or more measurement time references, one or more measurement frequency references, one or more ARPs, or one or more computation models for measurement of one or more of CP or CPD of the first RS and the second RS, and where instances of the measurement configuration attributes are one or more of: indicated implicitly or explicitly by the apparatus to the apparatus; determined, at least in part, autonomously by the apparatus and reported to the apparatus; assumed to be identical for measurements of the first RS and the second RS by which the RSCPDP is measured; at least one of an on-demand configuration requested by the apparatus or a measurement configuration report transmitted by the apparatus to the apparatus; or combinations thereof.

[0214] Additionally, the UE 800 may be configured to support any one or combination of where the at least one processor is configured to cause the apparatus to receive a joint report including a common message including the measurement report and a first measurement; the first measurement includes one or more of: RSTD of two or more sensing paths; RTOA of two or more sensing paths; reception-to-transmission time difference of two or more sensing paths; one or more of AoA measurement or ZoA measurement of a sensing path; one or more of AoA difference or ZoA difference of two or more sensing paths; doppler shift measurement of a sensing path; or measurement of doppler shift difference of two or more sensing paths; the joint report is based at least in part on a joint codebook for reporting the measurement report and the first measurement; the at least one processor is configured to cause the apparatus to receive a report of a timing measurement based at least in part on the measurement of RSCPDP and the first measurement.

[0215] Additionally, the UE 800 may be configured to support any one or combination of where the report of the timing measurement includes a timing correction to a previously received timing measurement; the at least one processor is configured to cause the apparatus to: receive, from an apparatus, a capability report for the apparatus; and transmit, to the apparatus, the measurement Attorney Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCT 69 configuration based at least in part on the report; the one or more sensing paths include at least one of: one or more propagation paths associated with at least one of a sensing target or a sensing target area of interest; one or more propagation paths associated with a LOS propagation condition from one or more sensing transmission apparatus; or one or more propagation paths associated with a reflection from at least one of a known reflector or a known object.

[0216] The controller 806 may manage input and output signals for the UE 800. The controller 806 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the UE 800. In some implementations, the controller 806 may utilize an operating system such as iOS®, ANDROID®, WINDOWS®, or other operating systems. In some implementations, the controller 806 may be implemented as part of the processor 802.

[0217] In some implementations, the UE 800 may include at least one transceiver 808. In some other implementations, the UE 800 may have more than one transceiver 808. The transceiver 808 may represent a wireless transceiver. The transceiver 808 may include one or more receiver chains 810, one or more transmitter chains 812, or a combination thereof.

[0218] A receiver chain 810 may be configured to receive signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) over a wireless medium. For example, the receiver chain 810 may include one or more antennas to receive a signal over the air or wireless medium. The receiver chain 810 may include at least one amplifier (e.g., a low-noise amplifier (LNA)) configured to amplify the received signal. The receiver chain 810 may include at least one demodulator configured to demodulate the receive signal and obtain the transmitted data by reversing the modulation technique applied during transmission of the signal. The receiver chain 810 may include at least one decoder for decoding the demodulated signal to receive the transmitted data.

[0219] A transmitter chain 812 may be configured to generate and transmit signals (e.g., control information, data, packets). The transmitter chain 812 may include at least one modulator for modulating data onto a carrier signal, preparing the signal for transmission over a wireless medium. The at least one modulator may be configured to support one or more techniques such as amplitude modulation (AM), frequency modulation (FM), or digital modulation schemes like phase-shift keying (PSK) or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM). The transmitter chain 812 may also include at least one power amplifier configured to amplify the modulated signal to an appropriate Attorney Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCT 70 power level suitable for transmission over the medium. The transmitter chain 812 may also include one or more antennas for transmitting the amplified signal into the air or wireless medium.

[0220] Figure 9 illustrates an example of a processor 900 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The processor 900 may be an example of a processor configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 900 may include a controller 902 configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 900 may optionally include at least one memory 904, which may be, for example, an L1 / L2 / L3 cache. Additionally, or alternatively, the processor 900 may optionally include one or more arithmetic-logic units (ALUs) 906. One or more of these components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses).

[0221] The processor 900 may be a processor chipset and include a protocol stack (e.g., a software stack) executed by the processor chipset to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor chipset may include one or more cores, one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 900) or other memory (e.g., random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronous dynamic RAM (SDRAM), static RAM (SRAM), ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM), magnetic RAM (MRAM), resistive RAM (RRAM), flash memory, phase change memory (PCM), and others).

[0222] The controller 902 may be configured to manage and coordinate various operations (e.g., signaling, receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) of the processor 900 to cause the processor 900 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. For example, the controller 902 may operate as a control unit of the processor 900, generating control signals that manage the operation of various components of the processor 900. These control signals include enabling or disabling functional units, selecting data paths, initiating memory access, and coordinating timing of operations. Attorney Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCT 71

[0223] The controller 902 may be to fetch (e.g., obtain, retrieve, receive) instructions from the memory 904 and determine subsequent instruction(s) to be executed to cause the processor 900 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The controller 902 may be configured to track memory addresses of instructions associated with the memory 904. The controller 902 may be configured to decode instructions to determine the operation to be performed and the operands involved. For example, the controller 902 may be configured to interpret the instruction and determine control signals to be output to other components of the processor 900 to cause the processor 900 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. Additionally, or alternatively, the controller 902 may be configured to manage flow of data within the processor 900. The controller 902 may be configured to control transfer of data between registers, ALUs 906, and other functional units of the processor 900.

[0224] The memory 904 may include one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor 900 or other memory, such as RAM, ROM, DRAM, SDRAM, SRAM, MRAM, flash memory, etc. In some implementations, the memory 904 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., local to the processor 900). In some other implementations, the memory 904 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., remote to the processor 900).

[0225] The memory 904 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 900, cause the processor 900 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. The controller 902 and / or the processor 900 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in the memory 904 to cause the processor 900 to perform various functions. For example, the processor 900 and / or the controller 902 may be coupled with or to the memory 904, the processor 900, and the controller 902, and may be configured to perform various functions described herein. In some examples, the processor 900 may include multiple processors and the memory 904 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions herein.

[0226] The one or more ALUs 906 may be configured to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, the one or more ALUs 906 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., the processor 900). In some other Attorney Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCT 72 implementations, the one or more ALUs 906 reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 900). One or more ALUs 906 may perform one or more computations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division on data. For example, one or more ALUs 906 may receive input operands and an operation code, which determines an operation to be executed. One or more ALUs 906 may be configured with a variety of logical and arithmetic circuits, including adders, subtractors, shifters, and logic gates, to process and manipulate the data according to the operation. Additionally, or alternatively, the one or more ALUs 906 may support logical operations such as AND, OR, exclusive-OR (XOR), not-OR (NOR), and not-AND (NAND), enabling the one or more ALUs 906 to handle conditional operations, comparisons, and bitwise operations.

[0227] The processor 900 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 900 may be configured to or operable to support at least one controller (e.g., the controller 902) coupled with at least one memory (e.g., the memory 904) and configured to cause the processor to receive a measurement configuration for measuring one or more of a first RS, a second RS, or a RSCPDP based at least in part on the first RS and the second RS received via one or more sensing paths, the measurement configuration including an indication of the one or more sensing paths; receive a reporting configuration associated with the measurement configuration; measure the RSCPDP based at least in part on the first RS and second RS received via the one or more sensing paths; and report a measurement report including a measured RSCPDP value based at least in part on the reporting configuration.

[0228] Additionally, the processor 900 may be configured to or operable to support any one or combination of where the second RS is received via one or more of a different frequency band, a different BWP, a different PFL, or a different CC than the first RS; one or more sensing paths are based at least in part on one or more of one or more previously detected sensing paths, one or more reported sensing paths, or one or more sensing paths determined by a sensing measurement apparatus; the processor includes one or more of a UE, a PRU, a gNB, or a TRP; the indication of one or more sensing paths includes one or more of: one or more sensing path descriptions; one or more sensing path IDs; one or more of an object ID or a reflector ID associated to a path; one or more of a signal ID or an RS ID from which a previously detected or reported path has been observed; one or more path numbers or path order numbers; or a sensing path ordering logic; the one or more sensing path IDs include one or more IDs for one or more identified sensing paths that Attorney Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCT 73 are one or more of previously measured or defined by the processor, and where the one or more sensing path IDs are associated with one or more RS via which the processor measured the identified one or more sensing paths.

[0229] Additionally, the processor 900 may be configured to or operable to support any one or combination of where the sensing path ordering logic includes one or more of an order of arrival path in delay, an order of arrival path arrival in zenith closest to one or more of a first arrival path in delay or a LOS path; the measurement configuration further includes an indication of a first measurement time reference for measurement of the first RS and a second measurement time reference for measurement of the second RS, where the first measurement time reference is identical to or different than the second measurement time reference; the measurement configuration further includes an indication of a first measurement phase reference for measurement of a reference path and a second measurement phase reference for measurement of a sensing path, where the first measurement phase reference for measurement and the second measurement phase reference for measurement are identical or different; the measurement configuration further includes an indication of a first measurement frequency reference for measurement of the first RS and a second measurement frequency reference for measurement of the second RS, where the first measurement frequency reference is identical to or different than the second measurement frequency reference; the measurement configuration further includes an indication of a first measurement ARP reference for measurement of the first RS and a second measurement ARP reference for measurement of the second RS, where the first measurement ARP reference for measurement is identical to or different than the second measurement ARP reference for measurement.

[0230] Additionally, the processor 900 may be configured to or operable to support any one or combination of where the measurement configuration further includes an indication of a computation model for measurement of one or more of CP or CPD of the first RS and the second RS; the measurement configuration further includes measurement configuration attributes including at least one of one or more associated TPs, one or more associated sensing signals, one or more measurement time references, one or more measurement frequency references, one or more ARPs, or one or more computation models for measurement of one or more of CP or CPD of the first RS and the second RS, and where instances of the measurement configuration attributes are one or Attorney Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCT 74 more of: indicated implicitly or explicitly to determined, at least in part, autonomously by the processor and reported to a sensing controller apparatus; assumed to be identical for measurements of the first RS and the second RS by which the RSCPDP is measured; one or more of not indicated as part of the measurement configuration, not determined by the processor, or not included in the measurement report.

[0231] Additionally, the processor 900 may be configured to or operable to support any one or combination of where one or more of an on-demand configuration requested by the sensing measurement apparatus or a measurement configuration report transmitted by the processor; or combinations thereof; measurement of the RSCPDP is further associated with a first measurement, and where the first measurement includes one or more of: RSTD of two or more sensing paths; RTOA of two or more sensing paths; reception-to-transmission time difference of two or more sensing paths; one or more of AoA measurement or ZoA measurement of a sensing path; one or more of AoA difference or ZoA difference of two or more sensing paths; doppler shift measurement of a sensing path; or measurement of doppler shift difference of two or more sensing paths; the at least one controller is configured to cause the processor to configure the measurement of the RSCPDP and the first measurement jointly; to perform the measurement of the RSCPDP and the first measurement, the at least one controller is configured to cause the processor to use one or more of: the first RS and the second RS for the measurement of RSCPDP and the first measurement; a same TP; a same sensing path; or one or more of a same set of time reference points, a same set of frequency reference points, or a same set of ARPs.

[0232] Additionally, the processor 900 may be configured to or operable to support any one or combination of where the at least one controller is configured to cause the processor to one or more of jointly configure or jointly report, via a common message, the measurement report and the first measurement; the at least one controller is configured to cause the processor to perform joint reporting of the measurement report and the first measurement, and where the joint reporting utilizes a joint codebook for reporting the measurement report and the first measurement; the at least one controller is configured to cause the processor to obtain a timing measurement based at least in part on the measurement of RSCPDP and the first measurement, and report the timing measurement; the at least one controller is configured to cause the processor to report the timing measurement as a timing correction to a previous timing measurement; the at least one controller is Attorney Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCT 75 configured to cause the processor to transmit, sensing controller apparatus, a capability report for a sensing measurement apparatus, and receive the measurement configuration based at least in part on the capability report; the one or more sensing paths include at least one of: one or more propagation paths associated with at least one of a sensing target or a sensing target area of interest; one or more propagation paths associated with a LOS propagation condition from one or more sensing transmission apparatus; or one or more propagation paths associated with a reflection from at least one of a known reflector or a known object.

[0233] The processor 900 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 900 may be configured to or operable to support at least one controller (e.g., the controller 902) coupled with at least one memory (e.g., the memory 904) and configured to cause the processor to transmit a measurement configuration for measuring one or more of a first RS, a second RS, or a RSCPDP based at least in part on the first RS and the second RS received via one or more sensing paths, the measurement configuration including an indication of the one or more sensing paths; transmit a reporting configuration associated with the measurement configuration; and receive a measurement report including a measured RSCPDP value based at least in part on the reporting configuration.

[0234] Additionally, the processor 900 may be configured to or operable to support any one or combination of where the indication of one or more sensing paths includes one or more of: one or more sensing path descriptions; one or more sensing path IDs; one or more of an object ID or a reflector ID associated to a path; one or more of a signal ID or an RS ID from which a previously detected or reported path has been observed; one or more path numbers or path order numbers; or a sensing path ordering logic; the measurement configuration further includes an indication of a first measurement time reference for measurement of the first RS and a second measurement time reference for measurement of the second RS, where the first measurement time reference is identical to or different than the second measurement time reference; the measurement configuration further includes an indication of a first measurement phase reference for measurement of a reference path and a second measurement phase reference for measurement of the one or more sensing paths, where the first measurement phase reference for measurement and the second measurement phase reference for measurement are identical or different; where the measurement configuration further includes an indication of a first measurement frequency reference for Attorney Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCT 76 measurement of the first RS and a second frequency reference for measurement of the second RS, where the first measurement frequency reference is identical to or different than the second measurement frequency reference.

[0235] Additionally, the processor 900 may be configured to or operable to support any one or combination of where the measurement configuration further includes an indication of a first measurement ARP reference for measurement of the first RS and a second measurement ARP reference for measurement of the second RS, where the first measurement ARP reference for measurement is identical to or different than the second measurement ARP reference for measurement; the measurement configuration further includes an indication of a computation model for measurement of one or more of CP or CPD of the first RS and the second RS; the measurement configuration further includes measurement configuration attributes including at least one of one or more associated TPs, one or more associated sensing signals, one or more measurement time references, one or more measurement frequency references, one or more ARPs, or one or more computation models for measurement of one or more of CP or CPD of the first RS and the second RS, and where instances of the measurement configuration attributes are one or more of: indicated implicitly or explicitly by the processor to a sensing measurement apparatus; determined, at least in part, autonomously by the sensing measurement apparatus and reported to the processor; assumed to be identical for measurements of the first RS and the second RS by which the RSCPDP is measured; at least one of an on-demand configuration requested by the sensing measurement apparatus or a measurement configuration report transmitted by the sensing measurement apparatus to the processor; or combinations thereof.

[0236] Additionally, the processor 900 may be configured to or operable to support any one or combination of where the at least one processor is configured to cause the processor to receive a joint report including a common message including the measurement report and a first measurement; the first measurement includes one or more of: RSTD of two or more sensing paths; RTOA of two or more sensing paths; reception-to-transmission time difference of two or more sensing paths; one or more of AoA measurement or ZoA measurement of a sensing path; one or more of AoA difference or ZoA difference of two or more sensing paths; doppler shift measurement of a sensing path; or measurement of doppler shift difference of two or more sensing paths; the joint report is based at least in part on a joint codebook for reporting the measurement report and the first Attorney Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCT 77 measurement; the at least one processor is to cause the processor to receive a report of a timing measurement based at least in part on the measurement of RSCPDP and the first measurement; the report of the timing measurement includes a timing correction to a previously received timing measurement; the at least one processor is configured to cause the processor to: receive, from a sensing measurement apparatus, a capability report for the sensing measurement apparatus; and transmit, to the sensing measurement apparatus, the measurement configuration based at least in part on the capability report; the one or more sensing paths include at least one of: one or more propagation paths associated with at least one of a sensing target or a sensing target area of interest; one or more propagation paths associated with a LOS propagation condition from one or more sensing transmission apparatus; or one or more propagation paths associated with a reflection from at least one of a known reflector or a known object.

[0237] Figure 10 illustrates an example of a NE 1000 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The NE 1000 may include a processor 1002, a memory 1004, a controller 1006, and a transceiver 1008. The processor 1002, the memory 1004, the controller 1006, or the transceiver 1008, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of the present disclosure as described herein. These components may be coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces.

[0238] The processor 1002, the memory 1004, the controller 1006, or the transceiver 1008, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., circuitry). The hardware may include a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or other programmable logic device, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure.

[0239] The processor 1002 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA, or any combination thereof). In some implementations, the processor 1002 may be configured to operate the memory 1004. In some other implementations, the memory 1004 may be integrated into the processor 1002. The processor 1002 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in the memory 1004 to cause the NE 1000 to perform various functions of the present disclosure. Attorney Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCT 78

[0240] The memory 1004 may include or non-volatile memory. The memory 1004 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions when executed by the processor 1002 cause the NE 1000 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as the memory 1004 or another type of memory. Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer.

[0241] In some implementations, the processor 1002 and the memory 1004 coupled with the processor 1002 may be configured to cause the NE 1000 to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., executing, by the processor 1002, instructions stored in the memory 1004). For example, the processor 1002 may support wireless communication at the NE 1000 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The NE 1000 may be configured to or operable to support a means for receiving, via a sensing measurement apparatus, a measurement configuration for measuring one or more of a first RS, a second RS, or a RSCPDP based at least in part on the first RS and the second RS received via one or more sensing paths, the measurement configuration including an indication of the one or more sensing paths; receiving a reporting configuration associated with the measurement configuration; measuring the RSCPDP based at least in part on the first RS and second RS received via the one or more sensing paths; and reporting a measurement report including a measured RSCPDP value based at least in part on the reporting configuration.

[0242] Additionally, the NE 1000 may be configured to or operable to support any one or combination of where the second RS is received via one or more of a different frequency band, a different BWP, a different PFL, or a different CC than the first RS; one or more sensing paths are based at least in part on one or more of one or more previously detected sensing paths, one or more reported sensing paths, or one or more sensing paths determined by the sensing measurement apparatus; the sensing measurement apparatus includes one or more of a UE, a PRU, a gNB, or a TRP; the indication of one or more sensing paths includes one or more of: one or more sensing path descriptions; one or more sensing path IDs; one or more of an object ID or a reflector ID associated to a path; one or more of a signal ID or an RS ID from which a previously detected or reported path has been observed; one or more path numbers or path order numbers; or a sensing path ordering Attorney Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCT 79 logic; the one or more sensing path IDs or more IDs for one or more identified sensing paths that are one or more of previously measured or previously defined by the sensing measurement apparatus, and where the one or more sensing path IDs are associated with one or more RS via which the sensing measurement apparatus measured the identified one or more sensing paths.

[0243] Additionally, the NE 1000 may be configured to or operable to support any one or combination of where the sensing path ordering logic includes one or more of an order of arrival path in delay, an order of arrival path arrival in zenith closest to one or more of a first arrival path in delay or a LOS path; the measurement configuration further includes an indication of a first measurement time reference for measurement of the first RS and a second measurement time reference for measurement of the second RS, where the first measurement time reference is identical to or different than the second measurement time reference; the measurement configuration further includes an indication of a first measurement phase reference for measurement of a reference path and a second measurement phase reference for measurement of a sensing path, where the first measurement phase reference for measurement and the second measurement phase reference for measurement are identical or different; the measurement configuration further includes an indication of a first measurement frequency reference for measurement of the first RS and a second measurement frequency reference for measurement of the second RS, where the first measurement frequency reference is identical to or different than the second measurement frequency reference; the measurement configuration further includes an indication of a first measurement ARP reference for measurement of the first RS and a second measurement ARP reference for measurement of the second RS, where the first measurement ARP reference for measurement is identical to or different than the second measurement ARP reference for measurement.

[0244] Additionally, the NE 1000 may be configured to or operable to support any one or combination of where the measurement configuration further includes an indication of a computation model for measurement of one or more of CP or CPD of the first RS and the second RS; the measurement configuration further includes measurement configuration attributes including at least one of one or more associated TPs, one or more associated sensing signals, one or more measurement time references, one or more measurement frequency references, one or more ARPs, Attorney Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCT 80 or one or more computation models for of one or more of CP or CPD of the first RS and the second RS, and where instances of the measurement configuration attributes are one or more of: indicated implicitly or explicitly to the sensing measurement apparatus by a sensing controller apparatus; determined, at least in part, autonomously by the sensing measurement apparatus and reported to the sensing controller apparatus; assumed to be identical for measurements of the first RS and the second RS by which the RSCPDP is measured; one or more of not indicated as part of the measurement configuration, not determined by the sensing measurement apparatus, or not included in the measurement report; one or more of an on-demand configuration requested by the sensing measurement apparatus or a measurement configuration report transmitted by the sensing measurement apparatus to the sensing controller apparatus; or combinations thereof.

[0245] Additionally, the NE 1000 may be configured to or operable to support any one or combination of where measurement of the RSCPDP is further associated with a first measurement, and where the first measurement includes one or more of: RSTD of two or more sensing paths; RTOA of two or more sensing paths; reception-to-transmission time difference of two or more sensing paths; one or more of AoA measurement or ZoA measurement of a sensing path; one or more of AoA difference or ZoA difference of two or more sensing paths; doppler shift measurement of a sensing path; or measurement of doppler shift difference of two or more sensing paths; configuring the measurement of the RSCPDP and the first measurement jointly; performing the measurement of the RSCPDP and the first measurement includes using one or more of: the first RS and the second RS for the measurement of RSCPDP and the first measurement; a same TP; a same sensing path; or one or more of a same set of time reference points, a same set of frequency reference points, or a same set of ARPs; one or more of jointly configuring or jointly reporting, via a common message, the measurement report and the first measurement.

[0246] Additionally, the NE 1000 may be configured to or operable to support any one or combination of performing joint reporting of the measurement report and the first measurement, and where the joint reporting utilizes a joint codebook for reporting the measurement report and the first measurement; obtaining a timing measurement based at least in part on the measurement of RSCPDP and the first measurement, and reporting the timing measurement; reporting the timing measurement as a timing correction to a previous timing measurement; transmitting, to a sensing controller apparatus, a capability report for the sensing measurement apparatus, and receiving the Attorney Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCT 81 measurement configuration based at least in the capability report; the one or more sensing paths include at least one of: one or more propagation paths associated with at least one of a sensing target or a sensing target area of interest; one or more propagation paths associated with a LOS propagation condition from one or more sensing transmission apparatus; or one or more propagation paths associated with a reflection from at least one of a known reflector or a known object.

[0247] Additionally, or alternatively, the NE 1000 may support at least one memory (e.g., the memory 1004) and at least one processor (e.g., the processor 1002) coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the NE to receive a measurement configuration for measuring one or more of a first RS, a second RS, or a RSCPDP based at least in part on the first RS and the second RS received via one or more sensing paths, the measurement configuration including an indication of the one or more sensing paths; receive a reporting configuration associated with the measurement configuration; measure the RSCPDP based at least in part on the first RS and second RS received via the one or more sensing paths; and report a measurement report including a measured RSCPDP value based at least in part on the reporting configuration.

[0248] Additionally, the NE 1000 may be configured to support any one or combination of where the second RS is received via one or more of a different frequency band, a different BWP, a different PFL, or a different CC than the first RS; one or more sensing paths are based at least in part on one or more of one or more previously detected sensing paths, one or more reported sensing paths, or one or more sensing paths determined by the apparatus; the apparatus includes one or more of a UE, a PRU, a gNB, or a TRP; the indication of one or more sensing paths includes one or more of: one or more sensing path descriptions; one or more sensing path IDs; one or more of an object ID or a reflector ID associated to a path; one or more of a signal ID or an RS ID from which a previously detected or reported path has been observed; one or more path numbers or path order numbers; or a sensing path ordering logic; the one or more sensing path IDs include one or more IDs for one or more identified sensing paths that are one or more of previously measured or previously defined by the apparatus, and where the one or more sensing path IDs are associated with one or more RS via which the apparatus measured the identified one or more sensing paths; the sensing path ordering logic includes one or more of an order of arrival path in delay, an order of arrival path arrival in zenith closest to one or more of a first arrival path in delay or a LOS path. Attorney Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCT 82

[0249] Additionally, the NE 1000 may be to support any one or combination of where measurement configuration further includes an indication of a first measurement time reference for measurement of the first RS and a second measurement time reference for measurement of the second RS, where the first measurement time reference is identical to or different than the second measurement time reference; the measurement configuration further includes an indication of a first measurement phase reference for measurement of a reference path and a second measurement phase reference for measurement of a sensing path, where the first measurement phase reference for measurement and the second measurement phase reference for measurement are identical or different; the measurement configuration further includes an indication of a first measurement frequency reference for measurement of the first RS and a second measurement frequency reference for measurement of the second RS, where the first measurement frequency reference is identical to or different than the second measurement frequency reference; the measurement configuration further includes an indication of a first measurement ARP reference for measurement of the first RS and a second measurement ARP reference for measurement of the second RS, where the first measurement ARP reference for measurement is identical to or different than the second measurement ARP reference for measurement; the measurement configuration further includes an indication of a computation model for measurement of one or more of CP or CPD of the first RS and the second RS.

[0250] Additionally, the NE 1000 may be configured to support any one or combination of where the measurement configuration further includes measurement configuration attributes including at least one of one or more associated TPs, one or more associated sensing signals, one or more measurement time references, one or more measurement frequency references, one or more ARPs, or one or more computation models for measurement of one or more of CP or CPD of the first RS and the second RS, and where instances of the measurement configuration attributes are one or more of: indicated implicitly or explicitly to the apparatus by a sensing controller apparatus; determined, at least in part, autonomously by the apparatus and reported to the sensing controller apparatus; assumed to be identical for measurements of the first RS and the second RS by which the RSCPDP is measured; one or more of not indicated as part of the measurement configuration, not determined by the apparatus, or not included in the measurement report; one or more of an on- Attorney Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCT 83 demand configuration requested by the or a measurement configuration report transmitted by the apparatus to the sensing controller apparatus; or combinations thereof.

[0251] Additionally, the NE 1000 may be configured to support any one or combination of where measurement of the RSCPDP is further associated with a first measurement, and where the first measurement includes one or more of: RSTD of two or more sensing paths; RTOA of two or more sensing paths; reception-to-transmission time difference of two or more sensing paths; one or more of AoA measurement or ZoA measurement of a sensing path; one or more of AoA difference or ZoA difference of two or more sensing paths; doppler shift measurement of a sensing path; or measurement of doppler shift difference of two or more sensing paths; the at least one processor is configured to cause the apparatus to configure the measurement of the RSCPDP and the first measurement jointly; to perform the measurement of the RSCPDP and the first measurement, the at least one processor is configured to cause the apparatus to use one or more of: the first RS and the second RS for the measurement of RSCPDP and the first measurement; a same TP; a same sensing path; or one or more of a same set of time reference points, a same set of frequency reference points, or a same set of ARPs; the at least one processor is configured to cause the apparatus to one or more of jointly configure or jointly report, via a common message, the measurement report and the first measurement; the at least one processor is configured to cause the apparatus to perform joint reporting of the measurement report and the first measurement, and where the joint reporting utilizes a joint codebook for reporting the measurement report and the first measurement.

[0252] Additionally, the NE 1000 may be configured to support any one or combination of where the at least one processor is configured to cause the apparatus to obtain a timing measurement based at least in part on the measurement of RSCPDP and the first measurement, and report the timing measurement; the at least one processor is configured to cause the apparatus to report the timing measurement as a timing correction to a previous timing measurement; the at least one processor is configured to cause the apparatus to transmit, to a sensing controller apparatus, a capability report for the apparatus, and receive the measurement configuration based at least in part on the capability report; the one or more sensing paths include at least one of: one or more propagation paths associated with at least one of a sensing target or a sensing target area of interest; one or more propagation paths associated with a LOS propagation condition from one or more Attorney Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCT 84 sensing transmission apparatus; or one or more paths associated with a reflection from at least one of a known reflector or a known object.

[0253] In some implementations, the processor 1002 and the memory 1004 coupled with the processor 1002 may be configured to cause the NE 1000 to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., executing, by the processor 1002, instructions stored in the memory 1004). For example, the processor 1002 may support wireless communication at the NE 1000 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The NE 1000 may be configured to or operable to support a means for transmitting a measurement configuration for measuring one or more of a first RS, a second RS, or a RSCPDP based at least in part on the first RS and the second RS received via one or more sensing paths, the measurement configuration including an indication of the one or more sensing paths; transmitting a reporting configuration associated with the measurement configuration; and receiving a measurement report including a measured RSCPDP value based at least in part on the reporting configuration.

[0254] Additionally, the NE 1000 may be configured to or operable to support any one or combination of where the indication of one or more sensing paths includes one or more of: one or more sensing path descriptions; one or more sensing path IDs; one or more of an object ID or a reflector ID associated to a path; one or more of a signal ID or an RS ID from which a previously detected or reported path has been observed; one or more path numbers or path order numbers; or a sensing path ordering logic; the measurement configuration further includes an indication of a first measurement time reference for measurement of the first RS and a second measurement time reference for measurement of the second RS, where the first measurement time reference is identical to or different than the second measurement time reference; the measurement configuration further includes an indication of a first measurement phase reference for measurement of a reference path and a second measurement phase reference for measurement of the one or more sensing paths, where the first measurement phase reference for measurement and the second measurement phase reference for measurement are identical or different.

[0255] Additionally, the NE 1000 may be configured to or operable to support any one or combination of where the measurement configuration further includes an indication of a first measurement frequency reference for measurement of the first RS and a second measurement frequency reference for measurement of the second RS, where the first measurement frequency Attorney Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCT 85 reference is identical to or different than the measurement frequency reference; the measurement configuration further includes an indication of a first measurement ARP reference for measurement of the first RS and a second measurement ARP reference for measurement of the second RS, where the first measurement ARP reference for measurement is identical to or different than the second measurement ARP reference for measurement; the measurement configuration further includes an indication of a computation model for measurement of one or more of CP or CPD of the first RS and the second RS.

[0256] Additionally, the NE 1000 may be configured to or operable to support any one or combination of where the measurement configuration further includes measurement configuration attributes including at least one of one or more associated TPs, one or more associated sensing signals, one or more measurement time references, one or more measurement frequency references, one or more ARPs, or one or more computation models for measurement of one or more of CP or CPD of the first RS and the second RS, and where instances of the measurement configuration attributes are one or more of: indicated implicitly or explicitly by a sensing controller apparatus to a sensing measurement apparatus; determined, at least in part, autonomously by the sensing measurement apparatus and reported to the sensing controller apparatus; assumed to be identical for measurements of the first RS and the second RS by which the RSCPDP is measured; at least one of an on-demand configuration requested by the sensing measurement apparatus or a measurement configuration report transmitted by the sensing measurement apparatus to the sensing controller apparatus; or combinations thereof.

[0257] Additionally, the NE 1000 may be configured to or operable to support any one or combination of receiving a joint report including a common message including the measurement report and a first measurement; the first measurement includes one or more of: RSTD of two or more sensing paths; RTOA of two or more sensing paths; reception-to-transmission time difference of two or more sensing paths; one or more of AoA measurement or ZoA measurement of a sensing path; one or more of AoA difference or ZoA difference of two or more sensing paths; doppler shift measurement of a sensing path; or measurement of doppler shift difference of two or more sensing paths; the joint report is based at least in part on a joint codebook for reporting the measurement report and the first measurement; receiving a report of a timing measurement based at least in part on the measurement of RSCPDP and the first measurement; the report of the timing measurement Attorney Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCT 86 includes a timing correction to a previously timing measurement; : receiving, from a sensing measurement apparatus, a capability report for the sensing measurement apparatus; and transmitting, to the sensing measurement apparatus, the measurement configuration based at least in part on the capability report; the one or more sensing paths include at least one of: one or more propagation paths associated with at least one of a sensing target or a sensing target area of interest; one or more propagation paths associated with a LOS propagation condition from one or more sensing transmission apparatus; or one or more propagation paths associated with a reflection from at least one of a known reflector or a known object.

[0258] Additionally, or alternatively, the NE 1000 may support at least one memory (e.g., the memory 1004) and at least one processor (e.g., the processor 1002) coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the NE to transmit a measurement configuration for measuring one or more of a first RS, a second RS, or a RSCPDP based at least in part on the first RS and the second RS received via one or more sensing paths, the measurement configuration including an indication of the one or more sensing paths; transmit a reporting configuration associated with the measurement configuration; and receive a measurement report including a measured RSCPDP value based at least in part on the reporting configuration.

[0259] Additionally, the NE 1000 may be configured to support any one or combination of where the indication of one or more sensing paths includes one or more of: one or more sensing path descriptions; one or more sensing path IDs; one or more of an object ID or a reflector ID associated to a path; one or more of a signal ID or an RS ID from which a previously detected or reported path has been observed; one or more path numbers or path order numbers; or a sensing path ordering logic; the measurement configuration further includes an indication of a first measurement time reference for measurement of the first RS and a second measurement time reference for measurement of the second RS, where the first measurement time reference is identical to or different than the second measurement time reference; the measurement configuration further includes an indication of a first measurement phase reference for measurement of a reference path and a second measurement phase reference for measurement of the one or more sensing paths, where the first measurement phase reference for measurement and the second measurement phase reference for measurement are identical or different; where the measurement configuration further includes an indication of a first measurement frequency reference for Attorney Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCT 87 measurement of the first RS and a second frequency reference for measurement of the second RS, where the first measurement frequency reference is identical to or different than the second measurement frequency reference.

[0260] Additionally, the NE 1000 may be configured to support any one or combination of where the measurement configuration further includes an indication of a first measurement ARP reference for measurement of the first RS and a second measurement ARP reference for measurement of the second RS, where the first measurement ARP reference for measurement is identical to or different than the second measurement ARP reference for measurement; the measurement configuration further includes an indication of a computation model for measurement of one or more of CP or CPD of the first RS and the second RS; the measurement configuration further includes measurement configuration attributes including at least one of one or more associated TPs, one or more associated sensing signals, one or more measurement time references, one or more measurement frequency references, one or more ARPs, or one or more computation models for measurement of one or more of CP or CPD of the first RS and the second RS, and where instances of the measurement configuration attributes are one or more of: indicated implicitly or explicitly by the apparatus to the apparatus; determined, at least in part, autonomously by the apparatus and reported to the apparatus; assumed to be identical for measurements of the first RS and the second RS by which the RSCPDP is measured; at least one of an on-demand configuration requested by the apparatus or a measurement configuration report transmitted by the apparatus to the apparatus; or combinations thereof.

[0261] Additionally, the NE 1000 may be configured to support any one or combination of where the at least one processor is configured to cause the apparatus to receive a joint report including a common message including the measurement report and a first measurement; the first measurement includes one or more of: RSTD of two or more sensing paths; RTOA of two or more sensing paths; reception-to-transmission time difference of two or more sensing paths; one or more of AoA measurement or ZoA measurement of a sensing path; one or more of AoA difference or ZoA difference of two or more sensing paths; doppler shift measurement of a sensing path; or measurement of doppler shift difference of two or more sensing paths; the joint report is based at least in part on a joint codebook for reporting the measurement report and the first measurement; Attorney Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCT 88 the at least one processor is configured to apparatus to receive a report of a timing measurement based at least in part on the measurement of RSCPDP and the first measurement.

[0262] Additionally, the NE 1000 may be configured to support any one or combination of where the report of the timing measurement includes a timing correction to a previously received timing measurement; the at least one processor is configured to cause the apparatus to: receive, from an apparatus, a capability report for the apparatus; and transmit, to the apparatus, the measurement configuration based at least in part on the capability report; the one or more sensing paths include at least one of: one or more propagation paths associated with at least one of a sensing target or a sensing target area of interest; one or more propagation paths associated with a LOS propagation condition from one or more sensing transmission apparatus; or one or more propagation paths associated with a reflection from at least one of a known reflector or a known object.

[0263] The controller 1006 may manage input and output signals for the NE 1000. The controller 1006 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the NE 1000. In some implementations, the controller 1006 may utilize an operating system such as iOS®, ANDROID®, WINDOWS®, or other operating systems. In some implementations, the controller 1006 may be implemented as part of the processor 1002.

[0264] In some implementations, the NE 1000 may include at least one transceiver 1008. In some other implementations, the NE 1000 may have more than one transceiver 1008. The transceiver 1008 may represent a wireless transceiver. The transceiver 1008 may include one or more receiver chains 1010, one or more transmitter chains 1012, or a combination thereof.

[0265] A receiver chain 1010 may be configured to receive signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) over a wireless medium. For example, the receiver chain 1010 may include one or more antennas to receive a signal over the air or wireless medium. The receiver chain 1010 may include at least one amplifier (e.g., a low-noise amplifier (LNA)) configured to amplify the received signal. The receiver chain 1010 may include at least one demodulator configured to demodulate the receive signal and obtain the transmitted data by reversing the modulation technique applied during transmission of the signal. The receiver chain 1010 may include at least one decoder for decoding the demodulated signal to receive the transmitted data. Attorney Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCT 89

[0266] A transmitter chain 1012 may be to generate and transmit signals (e.g., control information, data, packets). The transmitter chain 1012 may include at least one modulator for modulating data onto a carrier signal, preparing the signal for transmission over a wireless medium. The at least one modulator may be configured to support one or more techniques such as amplitude modulation (AM), frequency modulation (FM), or digital modulation schemes like phase-shift keying (PSK) or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM). The transmitter chain 1012 may also include at least one power amplifier configured to amplify the modulated signal to an appropriate power level suitable for transmission over the wireless medium. The transmitter chain 1012 may also include one or more antennas for transmitting the amplified signal into the air or wireless medium.

[0267] Figure 11 illustrates a flowchart of a method 1100 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method may be implemented by a NE and / or a UE as described herein. In some implementations, the NE and / or UE may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the NE and / or UE to perform the described functions. It should be noted that the method described herein describes a possible implementation, and that the operations and the steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and that other implementations are possible.

[0268] At 1102, the method may include receiving, via a sensing measurement apparatus, a measurement configuration for measuring one or more of a first RS, a second RS, or a RSCPDP based at least in part on the first RS and the second RS received via one or more sensing paths, the measurement configuration including an indication of the one or more sensing paths. The operations of 1102 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1102 may be performed by a NE and / or UE as described with reference to Figure 8 and / or Figure 10.

[0269] At 1104, the method may include receiving a reporting configuration associated with the measurement configuration. The operations of 1104 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1104 may be performed by a UE as described with reference to Figure 8 and / or Figure 10.

[0270] At 1106, the method may include measuring the RSCPDP based at least in part on the first RS and second RS received via the one or more sensing paths. The operations of 1106 may be Attorney Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCT 90 performed in accordance with examples as herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1106 may be performed a UE as described with reference to Figure 8 and / or Figure 10.

[0271] At 1108, the method may include reporting a measurement report including a measured RSCPDP value based at least in part on the reporting configuration. The operations of 1108 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1108 may be performed a UE as described with reference to Figure 8 and / or Figure 10.

[0272] Figure 12 illustrates a flowchart of a method 1200 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method may be implemented by a NE and / or a UE as described herein. In some implementations, the NE and / or UE may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the NE and / or UE to perform the described functions. It should be noted that the method described herein describes a possible implementation, and that the operations and the steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and that other implementations are possible.

[0273] At 1202, the method may include transmitting a measurement configuration for measuring one or more of a first RS, a second RS, or a RSCPDP based at least in part on the first RS and the second RS received via one or more sensing paths, the measurement configuration including an indication of the one or more sensing paths. The operations of 1202 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1202 may be performed by a NE and / or UE as described with reference to Figure 8 and / or Figure 10.

[0274] At 1204, the method may include transmit a reporting configuration associated with the measurement configuration. The operations of 1204 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1204 may be performed by a UE as described with reference to Figure 8 and / or Figure 10.

[0275] At 1206, the method may include receiving a measurement report including a measured RSCPDP value based at least in part on the reporting configuration. The operations of 1206 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of Attorney Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCT 91 the operations of 1206 may be performed a UE described with reference to Figure 8 and / or Figure 10.

[0276] The description herein is provided to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be apparent to a person having ordinary skill in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein. Attorney Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCT

Claims

Lenovo Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCT 92 What is claimed is:

1. A sensing measurement apparatus for wireless communication, comprising: at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the sensing measurement apparatus to: receive a measurement configuration for measuring one or more of a first Reference Signal (RS), a second RS, or a Reference Signal Carrier Phase Difference of a Path (RSCPDP) based at least in part on the first RS and the second RS received via one or more sensing paths, the measurement configuration comprising an indication of the one or more sensing paths; receive a reporting configuration associated with the measurement configuration; measure the RSCPDP based at least in part on the first RS and second RS received via the one or more sensing paths; and report a measurement report comprising a measured RSCPDP value based at least in part on the reporting configuration.

2. The sensing measurement apparatus of claim 1, wherein the second RS is received via one or more of a different frequency band, a different Bandwidth Part (BWP), a different Positioning Frequency Layer (PFL), or a different Component Carrier (CC) than the first RS.

3. The sensing measurement apparatus of claim 1, wherein one or more sensing paths are based at least in part on one or more of one or more previously detected sensing paths, one or more reported sensing paths, or one or more sensing paths determined by the sensing measurement apparatus.

4. The sensing measurement apparatus of claim 1, wherein the sensing measurement apparatus comprises one or more of a User Equipment (UE), a Positioning Reference Unit (PRU), a gNB, or a Transmission-Reception Point (TRP). Attorney Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCT 93 5. The sensing measurement apparatus of claim 1, wherein the indication of one or more sensing paths comprises one or more of: one or more sensing path descriptions; one or more sensing path Identifiers (IDs); one or more of an object ID or a reflector ID associated to a path; one or more of a signal ID or an RS ID from which a previously detected or reported path has been observed; one or more path numbers or path order numbers; or a sensing path ordering logic.

6. The sensing measurement apparatus of claim 5, wherein the one or more sensing path IDs comprise one or more IDs for one or more identified sensing paths that are one or more of previously measured or previously defined by the sensing measurement apparatus, and wherein the one or more sensing path IDs are associated with one or more RS via which the sensing measurement apparatus measured the identified one or more sensing paths.

7. The sensing measurement apparatus of claim 5, wherein the sensing path ordering logic comprises one or more of an order of arrival path in delay, an order of arrival path arrival in zenith closest to one or more of a first arrival path in delay or a Line of Sight (LOS) path.

8. The sensing measurement apparatus of claim 1, wherein the measurement configuration further comprises an indication of a first measurement time reference for measurement of the first RS and a second measurement time reference for measurement of the second RS, wherein the first measurement time reference is identical to or different than the second measurement time reference.

9. The sensing measurement apparatus of claim 1, wherein the measurement configuration further comprises an indication of a first measurement phase reference for measurement of a reference path and a second measurement phase reference for measurement of a sensing path, Attorney Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCT 94 wherein the first measurement phase reference measurement and the second measurement phase reference for measurement are identical or different.

10. The sensing measurement apparatus of claim 1, wherein the measurement configuration further comprises an indication of a first measurement frequency reference for measurement of the first RS and a second measurement frequency reference for measurement of the second RS, wherein the first measurement frequency reference is identical to or different than the second measurement frequency reference.

11. The sensing measurement apparatus of claim 1, wherein the measurement configuration further comprises an indication of a first measurement Antenna Reference Point (ARP) reference for measurement of the first RS and a second measurement ARP reference for measurement of the second RS, wherein the first measurement ARP reference for measurement is identical to or different than the second measurement ARP reference for measurement.

12. The sensing measurement apparatus of claim 1, wherein the measurement configuration further comprises an indication of a computation model for measurement of one or more of Carrier Phase (CP) or CP Difference (CPD) of the first RS and the second RS.

13. The sensing measurement apparatus of claim 1, wherein the measurement configuration further comprises measurement configuration attributes comprising at least one of one or more associated Transmission Points (TPs), one or more associated sensing signals, one or more measurement time references, one or more measurement frequency references, one or more Antenna Reference Points (ARPs), or one or more computation models for measurement of one or more of Carrier Phase (CP) or CP Difference (CPD) of the first RS and the second RS, and wherein instances of the measurement configuration attributes are one or more of: indicated implicitly or explicitly to the sensing measurement apparatus by a sensing controller apparatus; determined, at least in part, autonomously by the sensing measurement apparatus and reported to the sensing controller apparatus; Attorney Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCT 95 assumed to be identical for of the first RS and the second RS by which the RSCPDP is measured; one or more of not indicated as part of the measurement configuration, not determined by the sensing measurement apparatus, or not included in the measurement report; one or more of an on-demand configuration requested by the sensing measurement apparatus or a measurement configuration report transmitted by the sensing measurement apparatus to the sensing controller apparatus; or combinations thereof.

14. The sensing measurement apparatus of claim 1, wherein measurement of the RSCPDP is further associated with a first measurement, and wherein the first measurement comprises one or more of: Reference Signal Time Difference (RSTD) of two or more sensing paths; Relative Time of Arrival (RTOA) of two or more sensing paths; reception-to-transmission time difference of two or more sensing paths; one or more of Angle of Arrival (AoA) measurement or Zenith of Arrival (ZoA) measurement of a sensing path; one or more of AoA difference or ZoA difference of two or more sensing paths; doppler shift measurement of a sensing path; or measurement of doppler shift difference of two or more sensing paths.

15. The sensing measurement apparatus of claim 14, wherein the at least one processor is configured to cause the sensing measurement apparatus to configure the measurement of the RSCPDP and the first measurement jointly.

16. The sensing measurement apparatus of claim 14, wherein to perform the measurement of the RSCPDP and the first measurement, the at least one processor is configured to cause the sensing measurement apparatus to use one or more of: the first RS and the second RS for the measurement of RSCPDP and the first measurement; a same Transmission Point (TP); a same sensing path; or Attorney Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCT 96 one or more of a same set of time points, a same set of frequency reference points, or a same set of Antenna Reference Points (ARPs).

17. The sensing measurement apparatus of claim 14, wherein the at least one processor is configured to cause the sensing measurement apparatus to one or more of jointly configure or jointly report, via a common message, the measurement report and the first measurement.

18. A sensing controller apparatus for wireless communication, comprising: at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the sensing controller apparatus to: transmit a measurement configuration for measuring one or more of a first Reference Signal (RS), a second RS, or a Reference Signal Carrier Phase Difference of a Path (RSCPDP) based at least in part on the first RS and the second RS received via one or more sensing paths, the measurement configuration comprising an indication of the one or more sensing paths; transmit a reporting configuration associated with the measurement configuration; and receive a measurement report comprising a measured RSCPDP value based at least in part on the reporting configuration.

19. A processor for wireless communication, comprising: at least one controller coupled with at least one memory and configured to cause the processor to: receive a measurement configuration for measuring one or more of a first Reference Signal (RS), a second RS, or a Reference Signal Carrier Phase Difference of a Path (RSCPDP) based at least in part on the first RS and the second RS received via one or more sensing paths, the measurement configuration comprising an indication of the one or more sensing paths; receive a reporting configuration associated with the measurement configuration; Attorney Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCT 97 measure the RSCPDP based at in part on the first RS and second RS received via the one or more sensing paths; and report a measurement report comprising a measured RSCPDP value based at least in part on the reporting configuration.

20. A processor for wireless communication, comprising: at least one controller coupled with at least one memory and configured to cause the processor to: transmit a measurement configuration for measuring one or more of a first Reference Signal (RS), a second RS, or a Reference Signal Carrier Phase Difference of a Path (RSCPDP) based at least in part on the first RS and the second RS received via one or more sensing paths, the measurement configuration comprising an indication of the one or more sensing paths; transmit a reporting configuration associated with the measurement configuration; and receive a measurement report comprising a measured RSCPDP value based at least in part on the reporting configuration. Attorney Docket No. SMM920230208-WO-PCT

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