Carrier phase difference (CPD) for different signal paths

Abstract

Various aspects of the present disclosure relate to carrier phase difference (CPD) for different signal paths. An apparatus, such as a User Equipment (UE) and / or a Network Equipment (NE), receives a measurement configuration for measuring a reference path and a sensing path, the measurement configuration including an indication for measurement of a CPD associated with the reference path and the sensing path. The apparatus receives a reporting configuration associated with the measurement configuration and measures the CPD based at least in part on the sensing path and the reference path. The apparatus reports a measurement report including a measured CPD value based at least in part on the reporting configuration.

Description

Lenovo Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCT CARRIER PHASE DIFFERENCE (CPD) FOR DIFFERENT SIGNAL PATHS RELATED APPLICATION

[0001] This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application Serial No.63 / 550,018 filed 05 February 2024 entitled “CARRIER PHASE DIFFERENCE FOR DIFFERENT SIGNAL PATHS,” the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. TECHNICAL FIELD

[0002] The present disclosure relates to wireless communications, and more specifically to radio sensing in wireless communication networks. BACKGROUND

[0003] A wireless communications system may include one or multiple network communication devices, such as base stations, which may support wireless communications for one or multiple user communication devices, which may be otherwise known as User Equipment (UE), or other suitable terminology. The wireless communications system may support wireless communications with one or multiple user communication devices by utilizing resources of the wireless communication system (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers, or the like)). Additionally, the wireless communications system may support wireless communications across various radio access technologies including third generation (3G) radio access technology, fourth generation (4G) radio access technology, fifth generation (5G) radio access technology, among other suitable radio access technologies beyond 5G (e.g., sixth generation (6G)). SUMMARY

[0004] An article “a” before an element is unrestricted and understood to refer to “at least one” of those elements or “one or more” of those elements. The terms “a,” “at least one,” “one or more,” and “at least one of one or more” may be interchangeable. As used herein, including in the claims, “or” as used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items prefaced by a phrase such as “at least one of” or “one or more of” or “one or both of”) indicates an inclusive list such that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C). Also, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step that is described as “based on condition A” may be based on both a condition A and a condition B without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Attorney Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCT In other words, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall be construed in the same manner as the phrase “based at least in part on”. Further, as used herein, including in the claims, a “set” may include one or more elements.

[0005] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include a UE for wireless communication to receive a measurement configuration (e.g., from a sensing controller entity such as a sensing management function (SensMF)) for measuring a reference path and a sensing path, the measurement configuration including an indication for measurement of a Carrier Phase Difference (CPD) associated with the reference path and the sensing path; receive a reporting configuration associated with the measurement configuration; measure the CPD based at least in part on the sensing path and the reference path; and report a measurement report (e.g., to the sensing controller entity) including a measured CPD value based at least in part on the reporting configuration.

[0006] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses for a UE described herein, the measurement configuration includes an indication of one or more of the sensing path or the reference path, and the indication of the one or more of the sensing path or the reference path includes one or more of an indication of a previously detected path, a previously reported path, or a path determined by the sensing measurement apparatus; the indication of the one or more of the sensing path or the reference path measurement includes an indication of a Line of Sight (LOS) condition or first arrival path; the CPD associated with the reference path and the sensing path includes Reference Signal Carrier Phase Difference of Paths (RSCPDPQ); the sensing measurement apparatus includes one or more of a UE, a Positioning Reference Unit (PRU), a gNB, or a Transmission-Reception Point (TRP); the measurement configuration includes a path indication of one or more of the reference path or the sensing path, and the path indication includes one or more of: one or more path descriptions; one or more path Identifiers (IDs); one or more of an object ID or a reflector ID associated to a path; one or more of a signal ID or an RS ID from which a previously detected or reported path has been observed (e.g., a path ID together with a RS ID identifies a path); one or more path numbers or path order numbers; or a path ordering logic.

[0007] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses for a UE described herein, one or more path IDs include one or more path IDs for one or more identified paths that are one or more of previously measured or previously defined by the sensing measurement apparatus, and where the one or more path IDs are associated with one or more Reference Signals (RS) via which the sensing measurement apparatus measured the identified one or more paths; the path ordering logic includes one or more of an order of arrival path in delay, an order of arrival path arrival in zenith closest to Attorney Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCT one or more of a first arrival path in delay or a LOS path; the measurement configuration includes an indication of a first RS for measurement of the reference path and a second RS for measurement of the sensing path, where the first RS and the second RS include identical RSs or different RSs; the measurement configuration includes an indication of a first Transmission Point (TP) of the first RS and a second TP of the second RS, and where the first TP and the second TP include identical TPs or different TPs.

[0008] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses for a UE described herein, the measurement configuration includes an indication of one or more of: a first measurement time reference for measurement of the reference path and a second measurement time reference for measurement of the sensing path, where the first measurement time reference for measurement and the second measurement time reference for measurement are identical or different; a first measurement frequency reference for measurement of the reference path and a second measurement frequency reference for measurement of the sensing path, where the first measurement frequency reference for measurement and the second measurement frequency reference for measurement are identical or different; a first measurement phase reference for measurement of the reference path and a second measurement phase reference for measurement of the sensing path, where the first measurement phase reference for measurement and the second measurement phase reference for measurement are identical or different; or a first measurement Antenna Reference Point (ARP) reference for measurement of the reference path and second measurement ARP reference for measurement of the sensing path, where the first measurement ARP reference for measurement and the second measurement ARP reference for measurement are identical or different.

[0009] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses for a UE described herein, the measurement configuration further includes an indication of a computation model for measurement of one or more of CP or CPD of the reference path and the sensing path; the measurement configuration further includes measurement configuration attributes including at least one of one or more associated TPs, one or more associated sensing signals, one or more measurement time references, one or more measurement frequency references, one or more ARPs, or one or more computation models for measurement of the CPD of the reference path and the sensing path, and where instances of the measurement configuration attributes are one or more of: indicated implicitly or explicitly to the sensing measurement apparatus by a sensing controller apparatus; determined, at least in part, autonomously by the sensing measurement apparatus and reported to the sensing controller apparatus; assumed to be identical for measurements of the reference path and the sensing by which the CPD is measured; one or more of not indicated as part of the measurement Attorney Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCT configuration, not determined by the sensing measurement apparatus, or not included in the measurement report; determined, by the sensing controller apparatus, based on one or more of an on-demand configuration requested by the sensing measurement apparatus or a measurement report transmitted by the sensing measurement apparatus to the sensing controller apparatus; or combinations thereof.

[0010] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses for a UE described herein, measurement of the CPD associated with the reference path and the sensing path is further associated with a first measurement, and where the first measurement includes one or more of: Reference Signal Time Difference (RSTD) of two or more paths; Relative Time of Arrival (RTOA) of two or more paths; reception-to-transmission time difference; one or more of Angle of Arrival (AoA) measurement or Zenith of Arrival (ZoA) measurement of a path; one or more of AoA difference or ZoA difference of two or more paths; doppler shift measurement of a path; or measurement of doppler shift difference of two or more paths; the at least one processor is configured to cause the sensing measurement apparatus to configure the measurement of the CPD and the first measurement jointly; to perform the measurement of the CPD and the first measurement, the at least one processor is configured to cause the sensing measurement apparatus to use one or more of: an identical set of sensing RSs; an identical set of TPs; an identical set of reference paths; an identical set of sensing paths; or one or more of a same set of time reference points, a same set of frequency reference points, or a same set of ARPs; the at least one processor is configured to cause the sensing measurement apparatus to one or more of jointly receive configuration of or jointly report, via a common message, the measurement report and the first measurement; the at least one processor is configured to cause the sensing measurement apparatus to perform joint reporting of the measurement report and the first measurement, and where the joint reporting utilizes a joint codebook for reporting the measurement report and the first measurement. For instance, the joint codebook may be the same as the codebook to be used for reporting of the first measurement, codebook to be used for measurement of the configured CPD, or a different codebook defined for the purpose of reporting the joint measurement, e.g., a codebook with a time range and time resolution higher than the codebook of the first measurement and codebook of the CPD measurement.

[0011] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include a processor for wireless communication to receive a measurement configuration for measuring a reference path and a sensing path, the measurement configuration including an indication for measurement of a CPD associated with the reference path and the sensing path; Attorney Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCT receive a reporting configuration associated with the measurement configuration; measure the CPD based at least in part on the sensing path and the reference path; and report a measurement report including a measured CPD value based at least in part on the reporting configuration.

[0012] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses for a processor described herein, the measurement configuration includes an indication of one or more of the sensing path or the reference path, and the indication of the one or more of the sensing path or the reference path includes one or more of an indication of a previously detected path, a previously reported path, or a path determined by the sensing measurement apparatus; the indication of the one or more of the sensing path or the reference path measurement includes an indication of a LOS condition or first arrival path; the CPD associated with the reference path and the sensing path includes RSCPDPQ; the sensing measurement apparatus includes one or more of a UE, a PRU, a gNB, or a TRP; the measurement configuration includes a path indication of one or more of the reference path or the sensing path, and the path indication includes one or more of: one or more path descriptions; one or more path IDs; one or more of an object ID or a reflector ID associated to a path; one or more of a signal ID or an RS ID from which a previously detected or reported path has been observed; one or more path numbers or path order numbers; or a path ordering logic.

[0013] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses for a processor described herein, the one or more path IDs include one or more path IDs for one or more identified paths that are one or more of previously measured or previously defined by the processor, and where the one or more path IDs are associated with one or more RS via which the sensing measurement apparatus measured the identified one or more paths; the path ordering logic includes one or more of an order of arrival path in delay, an order of arrival path arrival in zenith closest to one or more of a first arrival path in delay or a LOS path; the measurement configuration includes an indication of a first RS for measurement of the reference path and a second RS for measurement of the sensing path, where the first RS and the second RS include identical RSs or different RSs; the measurement configuration includes an indication of a first TP of the first RS and a second TP of the second RS, and where the first TP and the second TP include identical TPs or different TPs; the measurement configuration includes an indication of one or more of: a first measurement time reference for measurement of the reference path and a second measurement time reference for measurement of the sensing path, where the first measurement time reference for measurement and the second measurement time reference for measurement are identical or different.

[0014] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses for a processor described herein, a first measurement frequency reference for measurement of the reference path and a second Attorney Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCT measurement frequency reference for measurement of the sensing path, where the first measurement frequency reference for measurement and the second measurement frequency reference for measurement are identical or different; a first measurement phase reference for measurement of the reference path and a second measurement phase reference for measurement of the sensing path, where the first measurement phase reference for measurement and the second measurement phase reference for measurement are identical or different; or a first measurement ARP reference for measurement of the reference path and second measurement ARP reference for measurement of the sensing path, where the first measurement ARP reference for measurement and the second measurement ARP reference for measurement are identical or different; the measurement configuration further includes an indication of a computation model for measurement of one or more of CP or CPD of the reference path and the sensing path.

[0015] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses for a processor described herein, the measurement configuration further includes measurement configuration attributes including at least one of one or more associated TPs, one or more associated sensing signals, one or more measurement time references, one or more measurement frequency references, one or more ARPs, or one or more computation models for measurement of the CPD of the reference path and the sensing path, and where instances of the measurement configuration attributes are one or more of: indicated implicitly or explicitly to the processor by a sensing controller apparatus; determined, at least in part, autonomously by the processor and reported to the sensing controller apparatus; assumed to be identical for measurements of the reference path and the sensing by which the CPD is measured; one or more of not indicated as part of the measurement configuration, not determined by the processor, or not included in the measurement report; determined, by the processor, based on one or more of an on-demand configuration requested by the sensing measurement apparatus or a measurement report transmitted by the processor to the sensing controller apparatus; or combinations thereof.

[0016] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses for a processor described herein, measurement of the CPD associated with the reference path and the sensing path is further associated with a first measurement, and where the first measurement includes one or more of: RSTD of two or more paths; RTOA of two or more paths; reception-to-transmission time difference; one or more of AoA measurement or ZoA measurement of a path; one or more of AoA difference or ZoA difference of two or more paths; doppler shift measurement of a path; or measurement of doppler shift difference of two or more paths; the at least one controller is configured to cause the processor to configure the measurement of the CPD and the first Attorney Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCT measurement jointly; to perform the measurement of the CPD and the first measurement, the at least one controller is configured to cause the processor to use one or more of: an identical set of sensing RSs; an identical set of TPs; an identical set of reference paths; an identical set of sensing paths; or one or more of a same set of time reference points, a same set of frequency reference points, or a same set of ARPs; the at least one controller is configured to cause the processor to one or more of jointly receive configuration of or jointly report, via a common message, the measurement report and the first measurement; the at least one controller is configured to cause the processor to perform joint reporting of the measurement report and the first measurement, and where the joint reporting utilizes a joint codebook for reporting the measurement report and the first measurement.

[0017] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include a method performed by a UE, the method including receiving a measurement configuration for measuring a reference path and a sensing path, the measurement configuration including an indication for measurement of a CPD associated with the reference path and the sensing path; receiving a reporting configuration associated with the measurement configuration; measuring the CPD based at least in part on the sensing path and the reference path; and reporting a measurement report including a measured CPD value based at least in part on the reporting configuration.

[0018] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses for a UE described herein, the measurement configuration includes an indication of one or more of the sensing path or the reference path, and the indication of the one or more of the sensing path or the reference path includes one or more of an indication of a previously detected path, a previously reported path, or a path determined by the sensing measurement apparatus; the indication of the one or more of the sensing path or the reference path measurement includes an indication of a LOS condition or first arrival path; the CPD associated with the reference path and the sensing path includes RSCPDPQ; the sensing measurement apparatus includes one or more of a UE, a PRU, a gNB, or a TRP; the measurement configuration includes a path indication of one or more of the reference path or the sensing path, and the path indication includes one or more of: one or more path descriptions; one or more path IDs; one or more of an object ID or a reflector ID associated to a path; one or more of a signal ID or an RS ID from which a previously detected or reported path has been observed; one or more path numbers or path order numbers; or a path ordering logic; the one or more path IDs include one or more path IDs for one or more identified paths that are one or more of previously measured or previously defined by the sensing measurement apparatus, and where the one or more path IDs are associated with one or more RS via which the sensing measurement apparatus measured the identified one or more paths. Attorney Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCT

[0019] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses for a UE described herein, the path ordering logic includes one or more of an order of arrival path in delay, an order of arrival path arrival in zenith closest to one or more of a first arrival path in delay or a LOS path; the measurement configuration includes an indication of a first RS for measurement of the reference path and a second RS for measurement of the sensing path, where the first RS and the second RS include identical RSs or different RSs; the measurement configuration includes an indication of a first TP of the first RS and a second TP of the second RS, and where the first TP and the second TP include identical TPs or different TPs; the measurement configuration includes an indication of one or more of: a first measurement time reference for measurement of the reference path and a second measurement time reference for measurement of the sensing path, where the first measurement time reference for measurement and the second measurement time reference for measurement are identical or different; a first measurement frequency reference for measurement of the reference path and a second measurement frequency reference for measurement of the sensing path, where the first measurement frequency reference for measurement and the second measurement frequency reference for measurement are identical or different.

[0020] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses for a UE described herein, a first measurement phase reference for measurement of the reference path and a second measurement phase reference for measurement of the sensing path, where the first measurement phase reference for measurement and the second measurement phase reference for measurement are identical or different; or a first measurement ARP reference for measurement of the reference path and second measurement ARP reference for measurement of the sensing path, where the first measurement ARP reference for measurement and the second measurement ARP reference for measurement are identical or different; the measurement configuration further includes an indication of a computation model for measurement of one or more of CP or CPD of the reference path and the sensing path.

[0021] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses for a UE described herein, the measurement configuration further includes measurement configuration attributes including at least one of one or more associated TPs, one or more associated sensing signals, one or more measurement time references, one or more measurement frequency references, one or more ARPs, or one or more computation models for measurement of the CPD of the reference path and the sensing path, and where instances of the measurement configuration attributes are one or more of: indicated implicitly or explicitly to the sensing measurement apparatus by a sensing controller apparatus; determined, at least in part, autonomously by the sensing measurement apparatus and Attorney Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCT reported to the sensing controller apparatus; assumed to be identical for measurements of the reference path and the sensing by which the CPD is measured; one or more of not indicated as part of the measurement configuration, not determined by the sensing measurement apparatus, or not included in the measurement report; determined, by the sensing controller apparatus, based on one or more of an on-demand configuration requested by the sensing measurement apparatus or a measurement report transmitted by the sensing measurement apparatus to the sensing controller apparatus; or combinations thereof.

[0022] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses for a UE described herein, measurement of the CPD associated with the reference path and the sensing path is further associated with a first measurement, and where the first measurement includes one or more of: RSTD of two or more paths; RTOA of two or more paths; reception-to-transmission time difference; one or more of AoA measurement or ZoA measurement of a path; one or more of AoA difference or ZoA difference of two or more paths; doppler shift measurement of a path; or measurement of doppler shift difference of two or more paths; configuring the measurement of the CPD and the first measurement jointly; performing the measurement of the CPD and the first measurement includes using one or more of: an identical set of sensing RSs; an identical set of TPs; an identical set of reference paths; an identical set of sensing paths; or one or more of a same set of time reference points, a same set of frequency reference points, or a same set of ARPs; one or more of jointly receiving configuration of or jointly reporting, via a common message, the measurement report and the first measurement; performing joint reporting of the measurement report and the first measurement, and where the joint reporting utilizes a joint codebook for reporting the measurement report and the first measurement.

[0023] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include a UE for wireless communication to transmit a measurement configuration for measuring a reference path and a sensing path, the measurement configuration including an indication for measurement of a CPD associated with the reference path and the sensing path; transmit a reporting configuration associated with the measurement configuration; and receive a measurement report including a measured CPD value based at least in part on the reporting configuration.

[0024] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses for a UE described herein, the measurement configuration includes an indication of one or more of the sensing path or the reference path, and the indication of the one or more of the sensing path or the reference path includes one or more of an indication of a previously detected path, a previously reported path, or a path determined by the sensing measurement apparatus; the indication of the one or more of the Attorney Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCT sensing path or the reference path measurement includes an indication of a LOS condition or first arrival path; the CPD associated with the reference path and the sensing path includes RSCPDPQ; the measurement configuration includes a path indication of one or more of the reference path or the sensing path, and the path indication includes one or more of: one or more path descriptions; one or more path IDs; one or more of an object ID or a reflector ID associated to a path; one or more of a signal ID or an RS ID from which a previously detected or reported path has been observed; one or more path numbers or path order numbers; or a path ordering logic; the one or more path IDs include one or more path IDs for one or more identified paths that are one or more of previously measured or previously defined by a sensing measurement apparatus, and where the one or more path IDs are associated with one or more RS via which the sensing measurement apparatus measured the identified one or more paths.

[0025] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses for a UE described herein, the sensing path ordering logic includes one or more of an order of arrival path in delay, an order of arrival path arrival in zenith closest to one or more of a first arrival path in delay or a LOS path; the measurement configuration includes an indication of a first RS for measurement of the reference path and a second RS for measurement of the sensing path, where the first RS and the second RS include identical RSs or different RSs; the measurement configuration includes an indication of a first TP of the first RS and a second TP of the second RS, and where the first TP and the second TP include identical TPs or different TPs; the measurement configuration includes an indication of one or more of: a first measurement time reference for measurement of the reference path and a second measurement time reference for measurement of the sensing path, where the first measurement time reference for measurement and the second measurement time reference for measurement are identical or different; a first measurement frequency reference for measurement of the reference path and a second measurement frequency reference for measurement of the sensing path, where the first measurement frequency reference for measurement and the second measurement frequency reference for measurement are identical or different; a first measurement phase reference for measurement of the reference path and a second measurement phase reference for measurement of the sensing path, where the first measurement phase reference for measurement and the second measurement phase reference for measurement are identical or different; or a first measurement ARP reference for measurement of the reference path and second measurement ARP reference for measurement of the sensing path, where the first measurement ARP reference for measurement and the second measurement ARP reference for measurement are identical or different. Attorney Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCT

[0026] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses for a UE described herein, the measurement configuration further includes indication of a computation model for measurement of one or more of CP or CPD of the reference path and the sensing path; the measurement configuration further includes measurement configuration attributes including at least one of one or more associated TPs, one or more associated sensing signals, one or more measurement time references, one or more measurement frequency references, one or more ARPs, or one or more computation models for measurement of the CPD of the reference path and the sensing path, and where instances of the measurement configuration attributes are one or more of: indicated implicitly or explicitly to the sensing measurement apparatus by the sensing controller apparatus; determined, at least in part, autonomously by the sensing measurement apparatus and reported to the sensing controller apparatus; assumed to be identical for measurements of the reference path and the sensing by which the CPD is measured; one or more of not indicated as part of the measurement configuration, not determined by the sensing measurement apparatus, or not included in the measurement report; determined, by the sensing controller apparatus, based on one or more of an on-demand configuration requested by the sensing measurement apparatus or a measurement report transmitted by the sensing measurement apparatus to the sensing controller apparatus; or combinations thereof.

[0027] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses for a UE described herein, measurement of the CPD associated with the reference path and the sensing path is further associated with a first measurement, and where the first measurement includes one or more of: RSTD of two or more paths; RTOA of two or more paths; reception-to-transmission time difference; one or more of AoA measurement or ZoA measurement of a path; one or more of AoA difference or ZoA difference of two or more paths; doppler shift measurement of a path; or measurement of doppler shift difference of two or more paths; the at least one processor is configured to cause the sensing controller apparatus to receive a joint report including a common message including the measurement report and the first measurement; the joint report is based at least in part on a joint codebook for reporting the measurement report and the first measurement.

[0028] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include a processor for wireless communication to transmit a measurement configuration for measuring a reference path and a sensing path, the measurement configuration including an indication for measurement of a CPD associated with the reference path and the sensing path; transmit a reporting configuration associated with the measurement configuration; and receive a Attorney Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCT measurement report including a measured CPD value based at least in part on the reporting configuration.

[0029] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses for a processor described herein, the measurement configuration includes an indication of one or more of the sensing path or the reference path, and the indication of the one or more of the sensing path or the reference path includes one or more of an indication of a previously detected path, a previously reported path, or a path determined by the processor; the indication of the one or more of the sensing path or the reference path measurement includes an indication of a LOS condition or first arrival path; the CPD associated with the reference path and the sensing path includes RSCPDPQ; the measurement configuration includes a path indication of one or more of the reference path or the sensing path, and the path indication includes one or more of: one or more path descriptions; one or more path IDs; one or more of an object ID or a reflector ID associated to a path; one or more of a signal ID or an RS ID from which a previously detected or reported path has been observed; one or more path numbers or path order numbers; or a path ordering logic; the one or more path IDs include one or more path IDs for one or more identified paths that are one or more of previously measured or previously defined by a sensing measurement apparatus, and where the one or more path IDs are associated with one or more RS via which the sensing measurement apparatus measured the identified one or more paths.

[0030] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses for a processor described herein, the sensing path ordering logic includes one or more of an order of arrival path in delay, an order of arrival path arrival in zenith closest to one or more of a first arrival path in delay or a LOS path; the measurement configuration includes an indication of a first RS for measurement of the reference path and a second RS for measurement of the sensing path, where the first RS and the second RS include identical RSs or different RSs; the measurement configuration includes an indication of a first TP of the first RS and a second TP of the second RS, and where the first TP and the second TP include identical TPs or different TPs; the measurement configuration includes an indication of one or more of: a first measurement time reference for measurement of the reference path and a second measurement time reference for measurement of the sensing path, where the first measurement time reference for measurement and the second measurement time reference for measurement are identical or different.

[0031] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses for a processor described herein, a first measurement frequency reference for measurement of the reference path and a second measurement frequency reference for measurement of the sensing path, where the first Attorney Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCT measurement frequency reference for measurement and the second measurement frequency reference for measurement are identical or different; a first measurement phase reference for measurement of the reference path and a second measurement phase reference for measurement of the sensing path, where the first measurement phase reference for measurement and the second measurement phase reference for measurement are identical or different; or a first measurement ARP reference for measurement of the reference path and second measurement ARP reference for measurement of the sensing path, where the first measurement ARP reference for measurement and the second measurement ARP reference for measurement are identical or different; the measurement configuration further includes indication of a computation model for measurement of one or more of CP or CPD of the reference path and the sensing path.

[0032] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses for a processor described herein, the measurement configuration further includes measurement configuration attributes including at least one of one or more associated TPs, one or more associated sensing signals, one or more measurement time references, one or more measurement frequency references, one or more ARPs, or one or more computation models for measurement of the CPD of the reference path and the sensing path, and where instances of the measurement configuration attributes are one or more of: indicated implicitly or explicitly to the sensing measurement apparatus by the processor; determined, at least in part, autonomously by the sensing measurement apparatus and reported to the processor; assumed to be identical for measurements of the reference path and the sensing by which the CPD is measured; one or more of not indicated as part of the measurement configuration, not determined by the sensing measurement apparatus, or not included in the measurement report; determined, by the processor, based on one or more of an on-demand configuration requested by the sensing measurement apparatus or a measurement report transmitted by the sensing measurement apparatus to the processor; or combinations thereof.

[0033] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses for a processor described herein, measurement of the CPD associated with the reference path and the sensing path is further associated with a first measurement, and where the first measurement includes one or more of: RSTD of two or more paths; RTOA of two or more paths; reception-to-transmission time difference; one or more of AoA measurement or ZoA measurement of a path; one or more of AoA difference or ZoA difference of two or more paths; doppler shift measurement of a path; or measurement of doppler shift difference of two or more paths; the at least one controller is configured to cause the processor to receive a joint report including a common message including Attorney Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCT the measurement report and the first measurement; the joint report is based at least in part on a joint codebook for reporting the measurement report and the first measurement.

[0034] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include a method performed by a UE, the method including transmitting a measurement configuration for measuring a reference path and a sensing path, the measurement configuration including an indication for measurement of a CPD associated with the reference path and the sensing path; transmitting a reporting configuration associated with the measurement configuration; and receiving a measurement report including a measured CPD value based at least in part on the reporting configuration.

[0035] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses for a NE described herein, the measurement configuration includes an indication of one or more of the sensing path or the reference path, and the indication of the one or more of the sensing path or the reference path includes one or more of an indication of a previously detected path, a previously reported path, or a path determined by the sensing measurement apparatus; the indication of the one or more of the sensing path or the reference path measurement includes an indication of a LOS condition or first arrival path; the CPD associated with the reference path and the sensing path includes RSCPDPQ; the measurement configuration includes a path indication of one or more of the reference path or the sensing path, and the path indication includes one or more of: one or more path descriptions; one or more path IDs; one or more of an object ID or a reflector ID associated to a path; one or more of a signal ID or an RS ID from which a previously detected or reported path has been observed; one or more path numbers or path order numbers; or a path ordering logic.

[0036] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses for a NE described herein, the one or more path IDs include one or more path IDs for one or more identified paths that are one or more of previously measured or previously defined by a sensing measurement apparatus, and where the one or more path IDs are associated with one or more RS via which the sensing measurement apparatus measured the identified one or more paths; the sensing path ordering logic includes one or more of an order of arrival path in delay, an order of arrival path arrival in zenith closest to one or more of a first arrival path in delay or a LOS path; the measurement configuration includes an indication of a first RS for measurement of the reference path and a second RS for measurement of the sensing path, where the first RS and the second RS include identical RSs or different RSs; the measurement configuration includes an indication of a first TP of the first RS and a second TP of the second RS, and where the first TP and the second TP include identical TPs or different TPs. Attorney Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCT

[0037] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses for a NE described herein, the measurement configuration includes an indication of one or more of: a first measurement time reference for measurement of the reference path and a second measurement time reference for measurement of the sensing path, where the first measurement time reference for measurement and the second measurement time reference for measurement are identical or different; a first measurement frequency reference for measurement of the reference path and a second measurement frequency reference for measurement of the sensing path, where the first measurement frequency reference for measurement and the second measurement frequency reference for measurement are identical or different; a first measurement phase reference for measurement of the reference path and a second measurement phase reference for measurement of the sensing path, where the first measurement phase reference for measurement and the second measurement phase reference for measurement are identical or different; or a first measurement ARP reference for measurement of the reference path and second measurement ARP reference for measurement of the sensing path, where the first measurement ARP reference for measurement and the second measurement ARP reference for measurement are identical or different.

[0038] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses for a NE described herein, the measurement configuration further includes indication of a computation model for measurement of one or more of CP or CPD of the reference path and the sensing path; the measurement configuration further includes measurement configuration attributes including at least one of one or more associated TPs, one or more associated sensing signals, one or more measurement time references, one or more measurement frequency references, one or more ARPs, or one or more computation models for measurement of the CPD of the reference path and the sensing path, and where instances of the measurement configuration attributes are one or more of: indicated implicitly or explicitly to the sensing measurement apparatus by the sensing controller apparatus; determined, at least in part, autonomously by the sensing measurement apparatus and reported to the sensing controller apparatus; assumed to be identical for measurements of the reference path and the sensing by which the CPD is measured; one or more of not indicated as part of the measurement configuration, not determined by the sensing measurement apparatus, or not included in the measurement report; determined, by the sensing controller apparatus, based on one or more of an on-demand configuration requested by the sensing measurement apparatus or a measurement report transmitted by the sensing measurement apparatus to the sensing controller apparatus; or combinations thereof. Attorney Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCT

[0039] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses for a NE described herein, measurement of the CPD associated with the reference path and the sensing path is further associated with a first measurement, and where the first measurement includes one or more of: RSTD of two or more paths; RTOA of two or more paths; reception-to-transmission time difference; one or more of AoA measurement or ZoA measurement of a path; one or more of AoA difference or ZoA difference of two or more paths; doppler shift measurement of a path; or measurement of doppler shift difference of two or more paths; receiving a joint report including a common message including the measurement report and the first measurement; the joint report is based at least in part on a joint codebook for reporting the measurement report and the first measurement.

[0040] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include a NE for wireless communication to receive a measurement configuration for measuring a reference path and a sensing path, the measurement configuration including an indication for measurement of a CPD associated with the reference path and the sensing path; receive a reporting configuration associated with the measurement configuration; measure the CPD based at least in part on the sensing path and the reference path; and report a measurement report including a measured CPD value based at least in part on the reporting configuration.

[0041] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses for a NE described herein, the measurement configuration includes an indication of one or more of the sensing path or the reference path, and the indication of the one or more of the sensing path or the reference path includes one or more of an indication of a previously detected path, a previously reported path, or a path determined by the sensing measurement apparatus; the indication of the one or more of the sensing path or the reference path measurement includes an indication of a LOS condition or first arrival path; the CPD associated with the reference path and the sensing path includes RSCPDPQ; the sensing measurement apparatus includes one or more of a UE, a PRU, a gNB, or a TRP; the measurement configuration includes a path indication of one or more of the reference path or the sensing path, and the path indication includes one or more of: one or more path descriptions; one or more path IDs; one or more of an object ID or a reflector ID associated to a path; one or more of a signal ID or an RS ID from which a previously detected or reported path has been observed; one or more path numbers or path order numbers; or a path ordering logic.

[0042] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses for a NE described herein, the one or more path IDs include one or more path IDs for one or more identified paths that are one or more of previously measured or previously defined by the sensing measurement apparatus, and Attorney Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCT where the one or more path IDs are associated with one or more RS via which the sensing measurement apparatus measured the identified one or more paths; the path ordering logic includes one or more of an order of arrival path in delay, an order of arrival path arrival in zenith closest to one or more of a first arrival path in delay or a LOS path; the measurement configuration includes an indication of a first RS for measurement of the reference path and a second RS for measurement of the sensing path, where the first RS and the second RS include identical RSs or different RSs; the measurement configuration includes an indication of a first TP of the first RS and a second TP of the second RS, and where the first TP and the second TP include identical TPs or different TPs.

[0043] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses for a NE described herein, the measurement configuration includes an indication of one or more of: a first measurement time reference for measurement of the reference path and a second measurement time reference for measurement of the sensing path, where the first measurement time reference for measurement and the second measurement time reference for measurement are identical or different; a first measurement frequency reference for measurement of the reference path and a second measurement frequency reference for measurement of the sensing path, where the first measurement frequency reference for measurement and the second measurement frequency reference for measurement are identical or different; a first measurement phase reference for measurement of the reference path and a second measurement phase reference for measurement of the sensing path, where the first measurement phase reference for measurement and the second measurement phase reference for measurement are identical or different; or a first measurement ARP reference for measurement of the reference path and second measurement ARP reference for measurement of the sensing path, where the first measurement ARP reference for measurement and the second measurement ARP reference for measurement are identical or different.

[0044] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses for a NE described herein, measurement configuration further includes an indication of a computation model for measurement of one or more of CP or CPD of the reference path and the sensing path; the measurement configuration further includes measurement configuration attributes including at least one of one or more associated TPs, one or more associated sensing signals, one or more measurement time references, one or more measurement frequency references, one or more ARPs, or one or more computation models for measurement of the CPD of the reference path and the sensing path, and where instances of the measurement configuration attributes are one or more of: indicated implicitly or explicitly to the sensing measurement apparatus by a sensing controller apparatus; determined, at least in part, autonomously by the sensing measurement apparatus and reported to the sensing Attorney Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCT controller apparatus; assumed to be identical for measurements of the reference path and the sensing by which the CPD is measured; one or more of not indicated as part of the measurement configuration, not determined by the sensing measurement apparatus, or not included in the measurement report; determined, by the sensing controller apparatus, based on one or more of an on-demand configuration requested by the sensing measurement apparatus or a measurement report transmitted by the sensing measurement apparatus to the sensing controller apparatus; or combinations thereof.

[0045] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses for a NE described herein, measurement of the CPD associated with the reference path and the sensing path is further associated with a first measurement, and where the first measurement includes one or more of: RSTD of two or more paths; RTOA of two or more paths; reception-to-transmission time difference; one or more of AoA measurement or ZoA measurement of a path; one or more of AoA difference or ZoA difference of two or more paths; doppler shift measurement of a path; or measurement of doppler shift difference of two or more paths; the at least one processor is configured to cause the sensing measurement apparatus to configure the measurement of the CPD and the first measurement jointly; to perform the measurement of the CPD and the first measurement, the at least one processor is configured to cause the sensing measurement apparatus to use one or more of: an identical set of sensing RSs; an identical set of TPs; an identical set of reference paths; an identical set of sensing paths; or one or more of a same set of time reference points, a same set of frequency reference points, or a same set of ARPs; the at least one processor is configured to cause the sensing measurement apparatus to one or more of jointly receive configuration of or jointly report, via a common message, the measurement report and the first measurement; the at least one processor is configured to cause the sensing measurement apparatus to perform joint reporting of the measurement report and the first measurement, and where the joint reporting utilizes a joint codebook for reporting the measurement report and the first measurement.

[0046] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include a method performed by a NE, the method including receiving a measurement configuration for measuring a reference path and a sensing path, the measurement configuration including an indication for measurement of a CPD associated with the reference path and the sensing path; receiving a reporting configuration associated with the measurement configuration; measuring the CPD based at least in part on the sensing path and the reference path; and reporting a measurement report including a measured CPD value based at least in part on the reporting configuration. Attorney Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCT

[0047] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses for a NE described herein, the measurement configuration includes an indication of one or more of the sensing path or the reference path, and the indication of the one or more of the sensing path or the reference path includes one or more of an indication of a previously detected path, a previously reported path, or a path determined by the sensing measurement apparatus; the indication of the one or more of the sensing path or the reference path measurement includes an indication of a LOS condition or first arrival path; the CPD associated with the reference path and the sensing path includes RSCPDPQ; the sensing measurement apparatus includes one or more of a UE, a PRU, a gNB, or a TRP; the measurement configuration includes a path indication of one or more of the reference path or the sensing path, and the path indication includes one or more of: one or more path descriptions; one or more path IDs; one or more of an object ID or a reflector ID associated to a path; one or more of a signal ID or an RS ID from which a previously detected or reported path has been observed; one or more path numbers or path order numbers; or a path ordering logic; the one or more path IDs include one or more path IDs for one or more identified paths that are one or more of previously measured or previously defined by the sensing measurement apparatus, and where the one or more path IDs are associated with one or more RS via which the sensing measurement apparatus measured the identified one or more paths.

[0048] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses for a NE described herein, the path ordering logic includes one or more of an order of arrival path in delay, an order of arrival path arrival in zenith closest to one or more of a first arrival path in delay or a LOS path; the measurement configuration includes an indication of a first RS for measurement of the reference path and a second RS for measurement of the sensing path, where the first RS and the second RS include identical RSs or different RSs; the measurement configuration includes an indication of a first TP of the first RS and a second TP of the second RS, and where the first TP and the second TP include identical TPs or different TPs; the measurement configuration includes an indication of one or more of: a first measurement time reference for measurement of the reference path and a second measurement time reference for measurement of the sensing path, where the first measurement time reference for measurement and the second measurement time reference for measurement are identical or different; a first measurement frequency reference for measurement of the reference path and a second measurement frequency reference for measurement of the sensing path, where the first measurement frequency reference for measurement and the second measurement frequency reference for measurement are identical or different. Attorney Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCT

[0049] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses for a NE described herein, a first measurement phase reference for measurement of the reference path and a second measurement phase reference for measurement of the sensing path, where the first measurement phase reference for measurement and the second measurement phase reference for measurement are identical or different; or a first measurement ARP reference for measurement of the reference path and second measurement ARP reference for measurement of the sensing path, where the first measurement ARP reference for measurement and the second measurement ARP reference for measurement are identical or different; the measurement configuration further includes an indication of a computation model for measurement of one or more of CP or CPD of the reference path and the sensing path.

[0050] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses for a NE described herein, the measurement configuration further includes measurement configuration attributes including at least one of one or more associated TPs, one or more associated sensing signals, one or more measurement time references, one or more measurement frequency references, one or more ARPs, or one or more computation models for measurement of the CPD of the reference path and the sensing path, and where instances of the measurement configuration attributes are one or more of: indicated implicitly or explicitly to the sensing measurement apparatus by a sensing controller apparatus; determined, at least in part, autonomously by the sensing measurement apparatus and reported to the sensing controller apparatus; assumed to be identical for measurements of the reference path and the sensing by which the CPD is measured; one or more of not indicated as part of the measurement configuration, not determined by the sensing measurement apparatus, or not included in the measurement report; determined, by the sensing controller apparatus, based on one or more of an on-demand configuration requested by the sensing measurement apparatus or a measurement report transmitted by the sensing measurement apparatus to the sensing controller apparatus; or combinations thereof.

[0051] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses for a NE described herein, measurement of the CPD associated with the reference path and the sensing path is further associated with a first measurement, and where the first measurement includes one or more of: RSTD of two or more paths; RTOA of two or more paths; reception-to-transmission time difference; one or more of AoA measurement or ZoA measurement of a path; one or more of AoA difference or ZoA difference of two or more paths; doppler shift measurement of a path; or measurement of doppler shift difference of two or more paths; configuring the measurement of the CPD and the first measurement jointly; performing the measurement of the CPD and the first Attorney Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCT measurement includes using one or more of: an identical set of sensing RSs; an identical set of TPs; an identical set of reference paths; an identical set of sensing paths; or one or more of a same set of time reference points, a same set of frequency reference points, or a same set of ARPs; one or more of jointly receiving configuration of or jointly reporting, via a common message, the measurement report and the first measurement; performing joint reporting of the measurement report and the first measurement, and where the joint reporting utilizes a joint codebook for reporting the measurement report and the first measurement.

[0052] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include a NE for wireless communication to transmit a measurement configuration for measuring a reference path and a sensing path, the measurement configuration including an indication for measurement of a CPD associated with the reference path and the sensing path; transmit a reporting configuration associated with the measurement configuration; and receive a measurement report including a measured CPD value based at least in part on the reporting configuration.

[0053] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses for a NE described herein, the measurement configuration includes an indication of one or more of the sensing path or the reference path, and the indication of the one or more of the sensing path or the reference path includes one or more of an indication of a previously detected path, a previously reported path, or a path determined by the sensing measurement apparatus; the indication of the one or more of the sensing path or the reference path measurement includes an indication of a LOS condition or first arrival path; the CPD associated with the reference path and the sensing path includes RSCPDPQ; the measurement configuration includes a path indication of one or more of the reference path or the sensing path, and the path indication includes one or more of: one or more path descriptions; one or more path IDs; one or more of an object ID or a reflector ID associated to a path; one or more of a signal ID or an RS ID from which a previously detected or reported path has been observed; one or more path numbers or path order numbers; or a path ordering logic; the one or more path IDs include one or more path IDs for one or more identified paths that are one or more of previously measured or previously defined by a sensing measurement apparatus, and where the one or more path IDs are associated with one or more RS via which the sensing measurement apparatus measured the identified one or more paths.

[0054] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses for a NE described herein,, the sensing path ordering logic includes one or more of an order of arrival path in delay, an order of arrival path arrival in zenith closest to one or more of a first arrival path in delay or a LOS path; the measurement configuration includes an indication of a first RS for measurement of the reference Attorney Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCT path and a second RS for measurement of the sensing path, where the first RS and the second RS include identical RSs or different RSs; the measurement configuration includes an indication of a first TP of the first RS and a second TP of the second RS, and where the first TP and the second TP include identical TPs or different TPs; the measurement configuration includes an indication of one or more of: a first measurement time reference for measurement of the reference path and a second measurement time reference for measurement of the sensing path, where the first measurement time reference for measurement and the second measurement time reference for measurement are identical or different; a first measurement frequency reference for measurement of the reference path and a second measurement frequency reference for measurement of the sensing path, where the first measurement frequency reference for measurement and the second measurement frequency reference for measurement are identical or different; a first measurement phase reference for measurement of the reference path and a second measurement phase reference for measurement of the sensing path, where the first measurement phase reference for measurement and the second measurement phase reference for measurement are identical or different; or a first measurement ARP reference for measurement of the reference path and second measurement ARP reference for measurement of the sensing path, where the first measurement ARP reference for measurement and the second measurement ARP reference for measurement are identical or different.

[0055] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses for a NE described herein, the measurement configuration further includes indication of a computation model for measurement of one or more of CP or CPD of the reference path and the sensing path; the measurement configuration further includes measurement configuration attributes including at least one of one or more associated TPs, one or more associated sensing signals, one or more measurement time references, one or more measurement frequency references, one or more ARPs, or one or more computation models for measurement of the CPD of the reference path and the sensing path, and where instances of the measurement configuration attributes are one or more of: indicated implicitly or explicitly to the sensing measurement apparatus by the sensing controller apparatus; determined, at least in part, autonomously by the sensing measurement apparatus and reported to the sensing controller apparatus; assumed to be identical for measurements of the reference path and the sensing by which the CPD is measured; one or more of not indicated as part of the measurement configuration, not determined by the sensing measurement apparatus, or not included in the measurement report; determined, by the sensing controller apparatus, based on one or more of an on-demand configuration requested by the sensing measurement apparatus or a measurement report transmitted by the sensing measurement apparatus to the sensing controller apparatus; or combinations thereof. Attorney Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCT

[0056] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses for a NE described herein, measurement of the CPD associated with the reference path and the sensing path is further associated with a first measurement, and where the first measurement includes one or more of: RSTD of two or more paths; RTOA of two or more paths; reception-to-transmission time difference; one or more of AoA measurement or ZoA measurement of a path; one or more of AoA difference or ZoA difference of two or more paths; doppler shift measurement of a path; or measurement of doppler shift difference of two or more paths; the at least one processor is configured to cause the sensing controller apparatus to receive a joint report including a common message including the measurement report and the first measurement; the joint report is based at least in part on a joint codebook for reporting the measurement report and the first measurement.

[0057] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include a method performed by a NE, the method including transmitting a measurement configuration for measuring a reference path and a sensing path, the measurement configuration including an indication for measurement of a CPD associated with the reference path and the sensing path; transmitting a reporting configuration associated with the measurement configuration; and receiving a measurement report including a measured CPD value based at least in part on the reporting configuration.

[0058] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses for a NE described herein, the measurement configuration includes an indication of one or more of the sensing path or the reference path, and the indication of the one or more of the sensing path or the reference path includes one or more of an indication of a previously detected path, a previously reported path, or a path determined by the sensing measurement apparatus; the indication of the one or more of the sensing path or the reference path measurement includes an indication of a LOS condition or first arrival path; the CPD associated with the reference path and the sensing path includes RSCPDPQ; the measurement configuration includes a path indication of one or more of the reference path or the sensing path, and the path indication includes one or more of: one or more path descriptions; one or more path IDs; one or more of an object ID or a reflector ID associated to a path; one or more of a signal ID or an RS ID from which a previously detected or reported path has been observed; one or more path numbers or path order numbers; or a path ordering logic.

[0059] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses for a NE described herein, the one or more path IDs include one or more path IDs for one or more identified paths that are one or more of previously measured or previously defined by a sensing measurement apparatus, and where the one or more path IDs are associated with one or more RS via which the sensing measurement Attorney Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCT apparatus measured the identified one or more paths; the sensing path ordering logic includes one or more of an order of arrival path in delay, an order of arrival path arrival in zenith closest to one or more of a first arrival path in delay or a LOS path; the measurement configuration includes an indication of a first RS for measurement of the reference path and a second RS for measurement of the sensing path, where the first RS and the second RS include identical RSs or different RSs; the measurement configuration includes an indication of a first TP of the first RS and a second TP of the second RS, and where the first TP and the second TP include identical TPs or different TPs.

[0060] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses for a NE described herein, the measurement configuration includes an indication of one or more of: a first measurement time reference for measurement of the reference path and a second measurement time reference for measurement of the sensing path, where the first measurement time reference for measurement and the second measurement time reference for measurement are identical or different; a first measurement frequency reference for measurement of the reference path and a second measurement frequency reference for measurement of the sensing path, where the first measurement frequency reference for measurement and the second measurement frequency reference for measurement are identical or different; a first measurement phase reference for measurement of the reference path and a second measurement phase reference for measurement of the sensing path, where the first measurement phase reference for measurement and the second measurement phase reference for measurement are identical or different; or a first measurement ARP reference for measurement of the reference path and second measurement ARP reference for measurement of the sensing path, where the first measurement ARP reference for measurement and the second measurement ARP reference for measurement are identical or different.

[0061] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses for a NE described herein, the measurement configuration further includes indication of a computation model for measurement of one or more of CP or CPD of the reference path and the sensing path; the measurement configuration further includes measurement configuration attributes including at least one of one or more associated TPs, one or more associated sensing signals, one or more measurement time references, one or more measurement frequency references, one or more ARPs, or one or more computation models for measurement of the CPD of the reference path and the sensing path, and where instances of the measurement configuration attributes are one or more of: indicated implicitly or explicitly to the sensing measurement apparatus by the sensing controller apparatus; determined, at least in part, autonomously by the sensing measurement apparatus and reported to the sensing controller apparatus; assumed to be identical for measurements of the reference path and the sensing Attorney Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCT by which the CPD is measured; one or more of not indicated as part of the measurement configuration, not determined by the sensing measurement apparatus, or not included in the measurement report; determined, by the sensing controller apparatus, based on one or more of an on-demand configuration requested by the sensing measurement apparatus or a measurement report transmitted by the sensing measurement apparatus to the sensing controller apparatus; or combinations thereof.

[0062] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses for a NE described herein, measurement of the CPD associated with the reference path and the sensing path is further associated with a first measurement, and where the first measurement includes one or more of: RSTD of two or more paths; RTOA of two or more paths; reception-to-transmission time difference; one or more of AoA measurement or ZoA measurement of a path; one or more of AoA difference or ZoA difference of two or more paths; doppler shift measurement of a path; or measurement of doppler shift difference of two or more paths; receiving a joint report including a common message including the measurement report and the first measurement; the joint report is based at least in part on a joint codebook for reporting the measurement report and the first measurement. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0063] Figure 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communications system in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

[0064] Figure 2 illustrates example scenarios for radio sensing that supports configuration for radio sensing in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

[0065] FIG.3 illustrates example scenarios for radio sensing that support configuration for radio sensing in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

[0066] Figure 4 illustrates a scenario for a tight coupling Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC) network architecture.

[0067] Figure 5 illustrates a scenario for a tight coupling ISAC network architecture.

[0068] Figure 6 illustrates a scenario where a Sensing Function (SF) is collocated with the Location Management Function (LMF).

[0069] Figure 7 illustrates a scenario for loose coupling ISAC network architecture. Attorney Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCT

[0070] Figures 8-11 illustrate example configurations for measurement including carrier phase and / or channel phase difference of a sensing path and a reference path in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

[0071] Figure 12 illustrates an example of a UE in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

[0072] Figure 13 illustrates an example of a processor in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

[0073] Figure 14 illustrates an example of a NE in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

[0074] Figure 15 illustrates a flowchart of a method in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

[0075] Figure 16 illustrates a flowchart of a method in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0076] Wireless communications systems can utilize radio sensing to detect attributes of an environment, such as objects present in an environment. Further, radio sensing can obtain environment information in various ways, such as via transmission and reception of different signals. For instance, environment information can be obtained via transmission of a sensing signal from a network or UE, referred to herein as a sensing transmitter (Tx) node. Examples of a sensing signal include a Downlink (DL) CSI-RS, a DL Positioning Reference Signal (PRS), a Sidelink (SL) PRS, an Uplink (UL) Sounding Reference Signal (SRS), a sensing-dedicated RS, etc. Further, environment information can be obtained via reception of a transmitted sensing signal impacted by the environment by a network or a UE entity, hereafter termed as sensing receiver (Rx) node. The transmitted sensing signal, for instance, can be impacted by objects in an environment via reflection, refraction, scattering, blocking, attenuation, etc. In addition, environment information can be obtained via processing of received signal reflections and inference of relevant information from the environment.

[0077] A common limitation of sensing techniques pertaining to achievable propagation time and distance accuracy is the limited affordable signal bandwidth which can be processed in the baseband. In view of bandwidth limitations for a target UE positioning estimation, proposals have considered utilization of the channel phase measurements of Reference Signal Carrier Phase Attorney Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCT (RSCP) and RSCP Difference (RSCPD) to augment the available baseband timing measurements, e.g., Rx-Tx time difference, RSTD etc. Moreover, for compensating for natural Rx impairments associated to timing and / or CFO, a differential RSCPD is proposed for measuring of the CPD of two LOS paths. However, the current framework of carrier phase measurement currently does not support non-LOS geometrical measurements (e.g., propagation path of a specular reflection other than the first path delay of the channel response from an object) for sensing measurements.

[0078] Accordingly, the present disclosure presents solutions to provide an enhanced sensing measurement framework. For instance, to overcome limitations of current RSCPD measurement relying on two LOS paths and from different TRPs, this disclose presents an enhanced measurement framework to support channel phase measurement over a sensing path while providing the benefits of natural compensation properties of the RSCPD as a differential measurement. For instance, implementations provide for measurement, configuration, and reporting of RSCP difference between a reference path and an indicated sensing path, e.g., RSCPDPQ. The described implementations, for example, apply in DL, UL, SL, TRP2TRP directions.

[0079] Further, implementations provide joint measurement, configuration, and reporting of RSCPDPQ with a first measurement including AoA and / or ZoA difference of two paths and RSTD and / or RTOA measurement of two paths where between the measurements one or more of the following are shared: Sensing signals, reference path, sensing path, time reference point, frequency reference, spatial reference point, etc. By utilizing techniques described herein, accuracy in wireless sensing can be increased while decreasing system and device overhead.

[0080] Aspects of the present disclosure are described in the context of a wireless communications system.

[0081] Figure 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communications system 100 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications system 100 may include one or more Network Equipment (NE) 102, one or more UE 104, and a core network (CN) 106. The wireless communications system 100 may support various radio access technologies. In some implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a 4G network, such as an LTE network or an LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) network. In some other implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a NR network, such as a 5G network, a 5G-Advanced (5G-A) network, or a 5G ultrawideband (5G-UWB) network. In other implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a combination of a 4G network and a 5G network, or other suitable radio access technology including Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Attorney Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCT 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20. The wireless communications system 100 may support radio access technologies beyond 5G, for example, 6G. Additionally, the wireless communications system 100 may support technologies, such as time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), or code division multiple access (CDMA), etc.

[0082] The one or more NE 102 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region to form the wireless communications system 100. One or more of the NE 102 described herein may be or include or may be referred to as a network node, a base station, a network element, a network function (NF), a network entity, a radio access network (RAN), a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB), a next- generation NodeB (gNB), or other suitable terminology. An NE 102 and a UE 104 may communicate via a communication link, which may be a wireless or wired connection. For example, an NE 102 and a UE 104 may perform wireless communication (e.g., receive signaling, transmit signaling) over a Uu interface.

[0083] An NE 102 may provide a geographic coverage area for which the NE 102 may support services for one or more UEs 104 within the geographic coverage area. For example, an NE 102 and a UE 104 may support wireless communication of signals related to services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc.) according to one or multiple radio access technologies. In some implementations, an NE 102 may be moveable, for example, a satellite associated with a non-terrestrial network (NTN). In some implementations, different geographic coverage areas associated with the same or different radio access technologies may overlap, but the different geographic coverage areas may be associated with different NE 102.

[0084] The one or more UEs 104 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region of the wireless communications system 100. A UE 104 may include or may be referred to as a remote unit, a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a subscriber device, a transmitter device, a receiver device, or some other suitable terminology. In some implementations, the UE 104 may be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, among other examples. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE 104 may be referred to as an Internet-of-Things (IoT) device, an Internet-of- Everything (IoE) device, or machine-type communication (MTC) device, among other examples.

[0085] A UE 104 may be able to support wireless communication directly with other UEs 104 over a communication link. For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a device-to-device (D2D) communication link. In some implementations, such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) deployments, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) deployments, or Attorney Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCT cellular-V2X deployments, the communication link may be referred to as a sidelink. For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a PC5 interface.

[0086] An NE 102 may support communications with the CN 106, or with another NE 102, or both. For example, an NE 102 may interface with other NE 102 or the CN 106 through one or more backhaul links (e.g., S1, N2, N6, or other network interface). In some implementations, the NE 102 may communicate with each other directly. In some other implementations, the NE 102 may communicate with each other indirectly (e.g., via the CN 106). In some implementations, one or more NE 102 may include subcomponents, such as an access network entity, which may be an example of an access node controller (ANC). An ANC may communicate with the one or more UEs 104 through one or more other access network transmission entities, which may be referred to as a radio heads, smart radio heads, or transmission-reception points (TRPs).

[0087] The CN 106 may support user authentication, access authorization, tracking, connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The CN 106 may be an evolved packet core (EPC), or a 5G core (5GC), which may include a control plane entity that manages access and mobility (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME), an access and mobility management functions (AMF)) and a user plane entity that routes packets or interconnects to external networks (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW), a packet data network (PDN) gateway (P-GW), or a user plane function (UPF)). In some implementations, the control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions, such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management (e.g., data bearers, signal bearers, etc.) for the one or more UEs 104 served by the one or more NE 102 associated with the CN 106.

[0088] The CN 106 may communicate with a packet data network over one or more backhaul links (e.g., via an S1, N2, N6, or other network interface). The packet data network may include an application server. In some implementations, one or more UEs 104 may communicate with the application server. A UE 104 may establish a session (e.g., a protocol data unit (PDU) session, or the like) with the CN 106 via an NE 102. The CN 106 may route traffic (e.g., control information, data, and the like) between the UE 104 and the application server using the established session (e.g., the established PDU session). The PDU session may be an example of a logical connection between the UE 104 and the CN 106 (e.g., one or more NF of the CN 106).

[0089] In the wireless communications system 100, the NEs 102 and the UEs 104 may use resources of the wireless communications system 100 (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers)) to perform Attorney Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCT various operations (e.g., wireless communications). In some implementations, the NEs 102 and the UEs 104 may support different resource structures. For example, the NEs 102 and the UEs 104 may support different frame structures. In some implementations, such as in 4G, the NEs 102 and the UEs 104 may support a single frame structure. In some other implementations, such as in 5G and among other suitable radio access technologies, the NEs 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures (i.e., multiple frame structures). The NEs 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures based on one or more numerologies.

[0090] One or more numerologies may be supported in the wireless communications system 100, and a numerology may include a subcarrier spacing and a cyclic prefix. A first numerology (e.g., ^=0) may be associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. In some implementations, the first numerology (e.g., ^=0) associated with the first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may utilize one slot per subframe. A second numerology (e.g., ^=1) may be associated with a second subcarrier spacing (e.g., 30 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A third numerology (e.g., ^=2) may be associated with a third subcarrier spacing (e.g., 60 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix or an extended cyclic prefix. A fourth numerology (e.g., ^=3) may be associated with a fourth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 120 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A fifth numerology (e.g., ^=4) may be associated with a fifth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 240 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix.

[0091] A time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to frames (also referred to as radio frames). Each frame may have a duration, for example, a 10 millisecond (ms) duration. In some implementations, each frame may include multiple subframes. For example, each frame may include 10 subframes, and each subframe may have a duration, for example, a 1 ms duration. In some implementations, each frame may have the same duration. In some implementations, each subframe of a frame may have the same duration.

[0092] Additionally or alternatively, a time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to slots. For example, a subframe may include a number (e.g., quantity) of slots. The number of slots in each subframe may also depend on the one or more numerologies supported in the wireless communications system 100. For instance, the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth numerologies (i.e., ^=0, ^=1, ^=2, ^=3, ^=4) associated with respective subcarrier spacings of 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz, 120 kHz, and 240 kHz may utilize a single slot per subframe, two slots per subframe, four slots per subframe, eight slots per subframe, and 16 slots per subframe, respectively. Each slot may include a number (e.g., quantity) of symbols (e.g., OFDM symbols). In some implementations, the number (e.g., quantity) of slots for a subframe may depend Attorney Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCT on a numerology. For a normal cyclic prefix, a slot may include 14 symbols. For an extended cyclic prefix (e.g., applicable for 60 kHz subcarrier spacing), a slot may include 12 symbols. The relationship between the number of symbols per slot, the number of slots per subframe, and the number of slots per frame for a normal cyclic prefix and an extended cyclic prefix may depend on a numerology. It should be understood that reference to a first numerology (e.g., ^=0) associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may be used interchangeably between subframes and slots.

[0093] In the wireless communications system 100, an electromagnetic (EM) spectrum may be split, based on frequency or wavelength, into various classes, frequency bands, frequency channels, etc. By way of example, the wireless communications system 100 may support one or multiple operating frequency bands, such as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz – 7.125 GHz), FR2 (24.25 GHz – 52.6 GHz), FR3 (7.125 GHz – 24.25 GHz), FR4 (52.6 GHz – 114.25 GHz), FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz – 71 GHz), and FR5 (114.25 GHz – 300 GHz). In some implementations, the NEs 102 and the UEs 104 may perform wireless communications over one or more of the operating frequency bands. In some implementations, FR1 may be used by the NEs 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for cellular communications traffic (e.g., control information, data). In some implementations, FR2 may be used by the NEs 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for short-range, high data rate capabilities.

[0094] FR1 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least three numerologies). For example, FR1 may be associated with a first numerology (e.g., ^=0), which includes 15 kHz subcarrier spacing; a second numerology (e.g., ^=1), which includes 30 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a third numerology (e.g., ^=2), which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing. FR2 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least 2 numerologies). For example, FR2 may be associated with a third numerology (e.g., ^=2), which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a fourth numerology (e.g., ^=3), which includes 120 kHz subcarrier spacing.

[0095] According to implementations, one or more of the NEs 102 and the UEs 104 are operable to implement various aspects of the techniques described with reference to the present disclosure. For example, a UE 104 receives a measurement configuration (e.g., from a NE 102) for measuring a reference path and a sensing path, and the measurement configuration includes an indication for measurement of a CPD associated with the reference path and the sensing path. The UE 104 also receives a reporting configuration associated with the measurement configuration. The UE 104 measures the CPD based at least in part on the sensing path and the reference path, and Attorney Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCT reports a measurement report (e.g., to a NE 102) including a measured CPD value based at least in part on the reporting configuration.

[0096] Example scenarios are discussed below for network-based and UE-based radio sensing operations. The discussed alternatives include scenarios of radio sensing where the network configures the participating sensing entities, e.g., network and UE nodes acting as sensing Tx nodes, network and UE nodes acting as sensing Rx nodes, as well as the configuration of sensing signal and measurements and reporting procedures from the nodes. In this regard, the functional split between the network and the UE nodes for a specific sensing task (e.g., task of detecting presence of a pedestrian in a road) may take various forms, depending on the availability of sensing-capable devices and the requirements of the specific sensing task.

[0097] Figure 2 illustrates example scenarios 200 for radio sensing that supports configuration for radio sensing in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The scenarios 200 include:

[0098] Scenario 202a with a sensing Tx as a network node 204 and sensing Rx as a separate network node 206, which represent different instances of network entities 102: In the scenario 202a, the sensing reference signal (and / or another reference signal used for sensing or data and / or control channels known to the network TRP nodes) is transmitted and received by network entities 102. The involvement of UE nodes can be limited such as to aspects of interference management. The network may not utilize UEs for sensing assistance in the scenario 202a.

[0099] Scenario 202b with a sensing Tx as the network node 204 and sensing Rx as the same network node 204: In the scenario 202b, the sensing reference signal (and / or another reference signal used for sensing or the data and / or control channels known to the network TRP nodes) is transmitted and received by the same network entity 102. The involvement of UE nodes can be limited such as to aspects of interference management. The network may not utilize UEs for sensing assistance in the scenario 202b.

[0100] Scenario 202c with a sensing Tx as the network node 206 and a sensing Rx as a UE 104: In the scenario 202c, the sensing reference signal or other reference signal used for sensing is transmitted by a network entity 102 and received by one or multiple UEs 104. A network, for instance, configures the UE(s) 104 to act as a sensing Rx node, such as according to the UE nodes capabilities for sensing and / or a specified sensing task.

[0101] As part of the scenarios 202a-202c, the radio sensing is implementing to detect feature characteristics of objects 208 present in an environment 910. Attorney Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCT

[0102] Figure 3 illustrates example scenarios 300 for radio sensing that support configuration for radio sensing in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The scenarios 200, 300, for example, represent additional and / or alternative implementations. The scenarios 300 include:

[0103] Scenario 302a with a sensing Tx as a UE 104a and sensing Rx as a network node 304: In the scenario 302a, the sensing reference signal or other reference signal used for sensing (and / or a data and / or control channel transmitted by the UE 104a) is received by one or multiple NE 102 (e.g., the network node 304) and transmitted by the UE 104a. A network, for instance, configures the UE 104a to act as a sensing Tx node, such as according to the UE 104a capabilities for sensing and / or a specified sensing task.

[0104] Scenario 302b with a sensing Tx as the UE 104a and a sensing Rx as a separate UE 104b: In the scenario 302b, the sensing reference signal or other reference signal used for sensing is received by one or multiple UEs 104b and transmitted by the UE 104a. In this scenario, the network and / or a UE 104 may decide on configuration of the sensing scenario. In at least one example, a network configures the UEs 104 to act as a sensing Tx and / or sensing Rx nodes, such as according to the UE 104 capabilities for sensing and / or a specified sensing task.

[0105] Scenario 302c with a sensing Tx as the UE 104b and sensing Rx as the same UE 104b: In the scenario 302c, the sensing reference signal (and / or another reference signal used for sensing and / or the data and / or control channels known to the UE) is transmitted by the UE 104b and received by the same UE 104b. In at least one implementation, the UE 104b and / or a network configures the sensing scenario, such as according to the UE 104 capabilities for sensing and / or a specified sensing task.

[0106] The above scenarios are not intended to be restricted to a specific UE type, and may include any UE category and / or functionality (e.g., a UE Roadside Unit (RSU)). In any of the above scenarios, any of the roles depicted for gNB and / or UE may be replaced (with equal validity as an example of a radio sensing scenario) with a smart repeater node, an IAB node, and / or an RSU.

[0107] Regarding sensing network architecture, integrated sensing and communication may enhance 5G core architecture by introducing a new SF, such as discussed in the example scenarios below.

[0108] Figure 4 illustrates a scenario 400 for a tight coupling ISAC network architecture. In the scenario 400 the SF appears as a dedicated NF handling both: (i) the sensing control plane aspects such as the interaction with the sensing consumer via Network Exposure Function (NEF) and information exchange with other NFs, for gathering UE information, (e.g., from the AMF, Unified Attorney Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCT Data Management (UDM), LMF, UE related policies from the Policy Control Function (PCF), and analytics from the Network Data Analytics Function (NWDAF)) and (ii) the sensing radio signals for performing the analysis or prediction for determining the sensing target.

[0109] Figure 5 illustrates a scenario 500 for a tight coupling ISAC network architecture. In the scenario 500 a control plane / user plane split is implemented where the SF has two dedicated NF counter parts: (i) SF-control plane (SF-C) that handles the control plane aspects as described above and (ii) SF-user plane (SF-U) that is responsible for collecting the sensing radio signals via the user plane, e.g., via the RAN and UPF. The idea of this architecture is to split and offload heavy data volumes associated with sensing radio signals to the user plane to ensure light traffic, e.g., signaling, in the control plane.

[0110] Figure 6 illustrates a scenario 600 where an SF is collocated with the LMF. For instance, in the scenario 600 the SF / LMF appears as a logical NF embedded in the LMF to perform sensing taking advantage of the knowledge of a UE location.

[0111] Figure 7 illustrates a scenario 700 for loose coupling ISAC network architecture. In the scenario 700 the SF is independent of the 5G core, e.g., typically used for local field scenarios or private networks and the interaction with the 5G core is minimal. A primary implementation is to use the SF close to the RAN (e.g., collect and process the sensing radio signals locally) and interact with 5G core for the purpose of exposure via NEF, e.g., for obtaining the UE location from the AMF and for analytics (NWDAF).

[0112] In some example implementations, a sensing controller entity / function (e.g., sensMF) is defined which includes one or multiple of a UE, a RAN node, a gNB / gNB-CU, an LMF, an SF, or a combination thereof, where the sensMF performs one or multiple of: (a) receiving request for sensing information from a service consumer (e.g., a requesting third party application); (b) determining selection and / or configuration of a sensing operation, including configuration of one or more of a sensing Tx node, sensing Rx node; (c) selecting and / or configuring the involved nodes for sensing transmission and sensing reception and sensing measurement and reporting of the conducted measurements; (d) collecting the sensing measurements; (e) performing, configuring, and / or requesting computation of the sensing measurements and thereby determining sensing information based on the obtained sensing measurements; (f) reporting and / or exposing an obtained sensing information to the entity requesting the sensing information.

[0113] In some examples a sensMF includes multiple nodes and / or entities, and one or more first parts of the above-mentioned steps may be implemented by the first part of the sensMF and Attorney Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCT one or more second parts of the above steps may be implemented by the second part of the sensMF, e.g., implemented in the SF and gNB. In some examples where the sensMF includes multiple nodes / entities, communication among the sensMF entities can be transparent to outside entities. Further, communication among the sensMF entities can be assumed to be implicit to the overall procedure. In some examples, where a sensMF is includes an SF and a gNB (e.g., serving / head gNB of a related UE to the sensing task or a selected serving gNB for a sensing task), the SF can perform steps a, f, e, d (above) and the steps b, c can be performed by the selected gNB node.

[0114] In some implementations the steps b, d above are jointly performed by the SF and the selected gNB, where a first part of the configuration / configuration determination are performed by the SF and a second part of the configuration / configuration determination is performed by the selected gNB. The sensMF may be a RAN node (e.g., a selected gNB node acting as serving gNB of a sensing task), a SF residing in core network, a UE, and / or a combination thereof.

[0115] The following presents discussion pertaining to related L1 measurements. Attorney Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCT DL reference signal time difference (DL RSTD) Definition DL RSTD is the DL relative timing difference between the TP

[0018] j and the reference TP i, defined as TSubframeRxj– TSubframeRxi, Where: TSubframeRxjis the time when the UE receives the start of one subframe from TP j. TSubframeRxiis the time when the UE receives the corresponding start of one subframe from TP i that is closest in time to the subframe received from TP j. Multiple DL PRS resources can be used to determine the start of one subframe from a TP. For frequency range 1, the reference point for the DL RSTD can be the antenna connector of the UE. For frequency range 2, the reference point for the DL RSTD can be the antenna of the UE. Applicable for Radio Resource Control (RRC)_CONNECTED, RRC_INACTIVE UL Relative Time of Arrival (TUL-RTOA) Attorney Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCT Definition The UL Relative Time of Arrival (TUL-RTOA) is the beginning of subframe i including SRS received in Reception Point (RP) j, relative to the RTOA Reference Time. The UL RTOA reference time is defined as ^^ + ^^^^, where- ^^is the nominal beginning time of System Frame Number (SFN) 0 provided by SFN Initialization Time [Technical Specification (TS) 38.455] -^^^^ = ^10^^ + ^^^^ × 10^^, where ^^and ^^^are the system frame number and the subframe number of the SRS, respectively. Multiple SRS resources can be used to determine the beginning of one subframe including SRS received at a RP. The reference point for TUL-RTOA can be: - for type 1-C base station TS 38.104: the Rx antenna connector, - for type 1-O or 2-O base station TS 38.104: the Rx antenna (i.e. the center location of the radiating region of the Rx antenna), - for type 1-H base station TS 38.104: the Rx Transceiver Array Boundary connector. Attorney Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCT UE Rx – Tx time difference Definition The UE Rx – Tx time difference is defined as TUE-RX – TUE-TX Where: TUE-RX is the UE received timing of downlink subframe #i from a TP

[0018] , defined by the first detected path in time. TUE-TXis the UE transmit timing of uplink subframe #j that is closest in time to the subframe #i received from the TP. Multiple DL PRS or CSI-RS for tracking resources, as instructed by higher layers, can be used to determine the start of one subframe of the first arrival path of the TP. For frequency range 1, the reference point for TUE-RXmeasurement can be the Rx antenna connector of the UE and the reference point for TUE-TX measurement can be the Tx antenna connector of the UE. For frequency range 2, the reference point for TUE-RX measurement can be the Rx antenna of the UE and the reference point for TUE-TXmeasurement can be the Tx antenna of the UE. Applicable RRC_CONNECTED, for RRC_INACTIVE Attorney Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCT gNB Rx – Tx time difference Definition The gNB Rx – Tx time difference is defined as TgNB-RX – TgNB-TX Where: TgNB-RX is the Transmission and Reception Point (TRP)

[0018] received timing of uplink subframe #i including SRS associated with UE, defined by the first detected path in time. TgNB-TX is the TRP transmit timing of downlink subframe #j that is closest in time to the subframe #i received from the UE. Multiple SRS resources can be used to determine the start of one subframe including SRS. The reference point for TgNB-RX can be: - for type 1-C base station TS 38.104 [9]: the Rx antenna connector, - for type 1-O or 2-O base station TS 38.104 [9]: the Rx antenna (i.e. the center location of the radiating region of the Rx antenna), - for type 1-H base station TS 38.104 [9]: the Rx Transceiver Array Boundary connector. The reference point for TgNB-TXcan be: - for type 1-C base station TS 38.104 [9]: the Tx antenna connector, - for type 1-O or 2-O base station TS 38.104 [9]: the Tx antenna (i.e. the center location of the radiating region of the Tx antenna), - for type 1-H base station TS 38.104 [9]: the Tx Transceiver Array Boundary connector. Attorney Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCT DL PRS reference signal received path power (DL PRS-RSRPP)DefinitionDL PRS reference signal received path power (DL PRS-RSRPP), is defined asthe power of the linear average of the channel response at the i-th path delay of the resource elements that carry DL PRS signal configured for the measurement, where DL PRS-RSRPP for the 1st path delay is the power contribution corresponding to the first detected path in time. For frequency range 1, the reference point for the DL PRS-RSRPP can be the antenna connector of the UE. For frequency range 2, DL PRS-RSRPP can be measured based on the combined signal from antenna elements corresponding to a given receiver branch. Applicable for RRC_CONNECTED, RRC_INACTIVE Attorney Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCT UL SRS reference signal received path power (UL SRS-RSRPP) Definition UL SRS reference signal received path power (UL SRS-RSRPP) is defined as the power of the linear average of the channel response at the i-th path delay of the resource elements that carry the received UL SRS signal configured for the measurement, where UL SRS-RSRPP for 1st path delay is the power contribution corresponding to the first detected path in time. The reference point for UL SRS-RSRPP can be: - for type 1-C base station TS 38.104 [9]: the Rx antenna connector, - for type 1-O or 2-O base station TS 38.104 [9]: based on the combined signal from antenna elements corresponding to a given receiver branch - for type 1-H base station TS 38.104 [9]: the Rx Transceiver Array Boundary connector. For frequency range 1 and 2, if receiver diversity is in use by the gNB for UL SRS-RSRPP measurements: - The reported UL SRS-RSRPP value for the first and additional paths can be provided for the same receiver branch(es) as applied for UL SRS- Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) measurements, or - The reported UL SRS-RSRPP value for the first path shall not be lower than the corresponding UL SRS-RSRPP for the first path of any of the individual receiver branches and the reported UL SRS-RSRPP for the additional paths can be provided for the same receiver branch(es) as applied UL SRS- RSRPP for the first path.

[0116] In aspects of this disclosure, the following agreements are taken into consideration. Agreements made in RAN1#112 Agreement For NR carrier phase positioning, at least support the following approach: enable a UE / TRP to report carrier phase measurements together with the legacy positioning measurements to LMF Attorney Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCT Agreement NR UL reference signal carrier phase (RSCP) (of i-th path) is defined as the phase of the channel response at the i-th path delay derived from the resource elements (REs) that carry the UL SRS signal for positioning purpose configured for the measurement. A UL RSCP is associated with a specific RF frequency. Agreement To support NR carrier phase positioning, further consider the following options: • Option 1: Support a UE / TRP to report the carrier phase measurements of more than one frequency within a PFL / carrier to LMF o NOTE: the frequency can be the carrier frequency or the frequency of a subcarrier • Option 2: Introduce and report a new type of UE / TRP measurement based on carrier phase differentials across multiple subcarriers within a PFL / carrier o NOTE: carrier phase differentials across multiple subcarriers within a carrier can be related to time of arrival • Option 3: Support a UE / TRP to optionally report an estimated integer ambiguity and / or search range of the integer ambiguity to LMF • Option 4: Support LMF to provide the expected integer ambiguity range at least for UE- based NR Carrier Phase of a Path (CPP) in the positioning assistance data. Agreement Rel-17 LOS / Non-Line of Sight (NLOS) indication (when indicated) applies for the carrier phase measurement(s) in the same report.

[0117] The following represent agreements made in RAN1#112 bis:

[0118] Agreement Introduce DL reference carrier phase (DL RSCP) and NR DL reference carrier phase difference (DL RSCPD) as DL carrier phase measurements. • Note: It is up to RAN4 to decide whether and how to define the requirements for DL RSCP and / or DL RSCPD. • DL RSCP can be reported together with UE Rx – Tx time difference measurement. • DL RSCPD can be reported together with RSTD measurement.

[0119] Agreement Attorney Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCT The specific RF frequency associated with a DL carrier phase measurement is defined as the center frequency of the DL PFL by default.

[0120] Agreement The specific RF frequency associated with a UL carrier phase measurement is defined, by default, as the center frequency of the transmission bandwidth of the SRS for positioning purpose.

[0121] Agreement • Support enabling a TRP to report UL RSCP together with RTOA and / or gNB Rx-Tx time difference measurements to LMF. • Note 1: The report of UL carrier phase measurement with gNB Rx – Tx time difference does not require the report of DL carrier phase measurement with UE Rx – Tx time difference. • Note 2: This doesn’t preclude standalone UL carrier phase measurements reporting.

[0122] Agreement For NR UL carrier phase positioning for UE in RRC_CONNECTED and RRC_INACTIVE states, support reuse of existing physical layer procedures for UL positioning (e.g., UL-Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA)), with enhancements in the measurement configuration, measurement request and measurement report (e.g., the configuration related to the NR UL CPP).

[0123] Agreement Adopt one of the following options for a timestamp associated with a reported RSCP / RSCPD measurement (make the decision in RAN1#113): • Option 1: o NR-TimeStamp, currently defined in TS 37.355, is reused as the timestamp with the granularity of a slot. • Option 2: o NR-TimeStamp, currently defined in TS 37.355, should be enhanced to include the OFDM symbol index in a slot, as the timestamp for RSCP / RSCPD measurements. Attorney Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCT

[0124] The following discussion includes agreements made in RAN1#113:

[0125] Agreement For UE-based carrier phase positioning, support enabling LMF to forward the DL carrier phase measurement reported by a PRU, with additional information of the same PRU to a target UE for UE-based carrier phase positioning in the positioning assistance data. • Note: Whether the forwarded DL carrier phase measurement is DL RSCP and / or DL RSCPD can depend at least on which of them is (are) supported by UE capability. • Additional information of the same PRU includes at least PRU location.

[0126] Agreement If a UE reports RSCPD measurements together with RSTD measurements in a measurement report element, the reference TRP for RSCPD is the same as the reference TRP reported for RSTD. • The target and the reference TRP are in the same PFL.

[0127] The following discussion includes agreements made in RAN1#114 bis:

[0128] Conclusion From RAN1’s perspective, there will be no further discussion on the four options that were agreed to consider in the following agreement made in RAN1#112bis-e. Agreement To support NR carrier phase positioning, further consider the following options: • Option 1: Support a UE / TRP to report the carrier phase measurements of more than one frequency within a PFL / carrier to LMF o NOTE: the frequency can be the carrier frequency or the frequency of a subcarrier • Option 2: Introduce and report a new type of UE / TRP measurement based on carrier phase differentials across multiple subcarriers within a PFL / carrier o NOTE: carrier phase differentials across multiple subcarriers within a carrier can be related to time of arrival • Option 3: Support a UE / TRP to optionally report an estimated integer ambiguity and / or search range of the integer ambiguity to LMF • Option 4: Support LMF to provide the expected integer ambiguity range at least for Attorney Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCT UE-based NR CPP in the positioning assistance data.

[0129] Agreement Subject to UE’s capability, if a UE Rx-Tx time difference / DL RSTD measurement is obtained with Nsample (=2, 4) samples, as defined in TS 38.133, the UE Rx-Tx time difference / DL RSTD measurement can be associated with (e.g., reported together with) up to NsampleRSCP / RSCPD measurements. • A single RSCP / RSCPD measurement is obtained within one sample. • Each RSCP / RSCPD measurement has its own timestamp. • Note: It is up to RAN2 on how to define signaling support for the reporting of the timestamps of the RSCP / RSCPD measurements.

[0130] Agreement Adopt the following changes to the previous agreement made in RAN1#114: Agreement When an LMF requests the UEs, including target UE and PRU(s), to perform measurements on indicated DL PRS resource set(s) occurring within indicated time window(s) • The duration of a time window can be configured as follows: o {1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16} slots. • the number of the time windows can be: o {1, 2} • the number of the indicated DL PRS resource set(s) per TRP within a time window can be {1, 2}: o DL PRS resource sets across TRPs are in one DL PFL o The number of the indicated DL PRS resource set(s) for TRPs should be the same • Note: Different PRS resource sets and / or PFLs can be associated with different time windows

[0131] Agreement Adopt the following changes to the previous agreement made in RAN1#114bis: Agreement Attorney Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCT The DL PRS resource used to obtain a DL RSCP measurement is either the same DL PRS resource used to obtain the associated UE Rx-Tx time difference measurement, or one of the DL PRS resources used to obtain the associated UE Rx-Tx time difference measurement. - Note: A DL RSCP measurement is obtained by measuring a single DL PRS resource from a TRP.

[0132] Agreement - The DL PRS resource used to obtain a DL RSCP measurement is either the same DL PRS resource used to obtain the associated UE Rx-Tx time difference measurement, or one of the DL PRS resources used to obtain the associated UE Rx-Tx time difference measurement. o Note: a DL RSCP measurement is obtained by measuring a single DL PRS resource from a TRP.

[0133] Agreement The pair of the DL PRS resources used to obtain a DL RSCPD measurement are either the same as the pair of DL PRS resources used to obtain the associated DL RSTD measurement, or one of the pairs of DL PRS resources used to obtain the associated DL RSTD measurement.

[0134] The following discussion includes agreements made in RAN1#114:

[0135] Agreement For the timestamp associated with a reported RSCP / RSCPD measurement, NR-TimeStamp, with the granularity of a slot, currently defined in TS 37.355, can be reused as the timestamp. • Subject to UE capability, a UE may optionally provide an OFDM symbol index in the timestamp.

[0136] Agreement When DL RSCPD / RSCP measurements are reported together with the DL RSTD / UE Rx – Tx time difference measurements, the DL RSCPD / RSCP measurements are obtained from a single DL PFL. Note: From RAN1’s perspective, the reporting of the carrier phase measurements from one DL PFL has no impact on the reporting of the DL RSTD and / or UE Rx – Tx time difference measurements from the same DL PFL or other DL PFLs. Attorney Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCT

[0137] Agreement For UE-based carrier phase positioning, when LMF forwards the DL carrier phase measurement reported by a PRU to a target UE, the timestamp associated with the PRU carrier phase measurements should also be forwarded in positioning assistance data.

[0138] Agreement Support UE / TRP to report the phase quality indication for the RSCP / RSCPD measurements. The phase quality indication includes the following fields: • phase quality index • phase quality resolution

[0139] The following discussion includes agreements made in RAN1#114 [R1-2310743] Attorney Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCT 48 DL reference signal carrier phase (DL RSCP) Definition DL reference signal carrier phase (RSCP) is defined as the phase of the channel response at the 1stpath delay derived from the resource elements carrying DL PRS configured for the measurement. DL RSCP is associated with the center frequency of the DL positioning frequency layer (PFL) configured for the measurement for RRC_CONNECTED, RRC_INACTIVE, and RRC_IDLE modes. For frequency range 1, the reference point for the DL RSCP can be the antenna connector of the UE. For frequency range 2, the reference point for the DL RSCP can be the antenna of the UE. RRC_CONNECTED, Applicable RRC_INACTIVE, for RRC_IDLE DL RSCPD Definition DL reference signal carrier phase difference (RSCPD) is defined as the difference of DL RSCPs measured from DL PRS transmitted in a DL PFL from the TP j and the reference TP i. If UE reports RSCPD measurements together with RSTD measurements in a measurement report element, the reference TP for RSCPD is the same as the reference TP reported for RSTD. For frequency range 1, the reference point for the DL RSCPD can be the antenna connector of the UE. For frequency range 2, the reference point for the DL RSCPD can be the antenna of the UE. Attorney Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCT 49 RRC_CONNECTED, Applicable RRC_INACTIVE, for RRC_IDLE UL reference signal carrier phase (UL RSCP) UL reference signal carrier phase (RSCP) is defined as the phase of the Definition channel response at the 1stpath delay derived from the resource elements carrying sounding reference signals (SRS) configured for the measurement. UL RSCP is associated with the center frequency of the transmission bandwidth of the SRS for positioning purposes configured for the measurement. The reference point for UL RSCP can be: - for type 1-C base station TS 38.104 [9]: the Rx antenna connector, - for type 1-O or 2-O base station TS 38.104 [9]: the Rx antenna (e.g., the center location of the radiating region of the Rx antenna), - for type 1-H base station TS 38.104 [9]: the Rx Transceiver Array Boundary connector.

[0140] Accordingly, aspects of this disclosure provide solutions for facilitation of combining and / or aggregating sensing measurements of different signal propagation paths. For instance, in implementations involve a sensing controller apparatus (e.g., a NF such as a SensMF for configuring different sensing apparatus. The sensing controller apparatus, for example, configures at least one or multiple sensing Tx nodes for transmission of one or multiple sensing signals, and configures one or multiple sensing Rx nodes (e.g., a UE, a gNB, gNB-TRP, a RAN node, an NCR, an IAB node, etc.) for sensing signal Rx operations. Examples of sensing signal Rx operations Attorney Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCT 50 include signal reception, sensing signal measurement, sensing measurements reporting, etc. Further, sensing Rx operations can be based on, at least in part, the sensing signal transmissions of one or multiple of the sensing Tx nodes that are received by the one or more sensing Rx nodes.

[0141] According to implementations, the sensing measurements and / or sensing measurement reports of a sensing Rx node includes estimate of difference of phase values of channel response (phase of the received sensing signal, carrier phase, etc.), e.g., Δ^, expressed as Δ^ = ^^^^, ^^, ^^, ^^, ^^, ^^, ^^, ^^^ − ^^^^, ^^, ^^, ^^, ^^, ^^, ^^, ^^^Eq.1 Where ^^^, ^, ^, ^, ^, ^, ^, ^^ is a channel / carrier phase corresponding to the setup / parameters^, ^ as defined in the following:

[0142] !, " - index / ID of the (similar or different) sensing Tx nodes / TRPs / TPs fortransmission of one or more sensing signals: For instance, sensing Tx node may be a UE, a gNB- TRP, a RAN node, an NCR, an IAB node, etc. Sensing Tx nodes maybe the same or different for the carrier phase measurements constituting Δ^. In some implementations, the transmission node of a sensing signal over which the sensing measurement is performed and / or the position of the said transmission point, the transmission parameters of the associated transmission of the sensing signal (e.g., transmission beam, angular radiation pattern, etc), may be known to the sensing Rx node, or may be indicated to be the same or quasi-collocated with that of another signal received by the sensing Rx node.

[0143] #!, #" - the (similar or different) configured sensing signals (transmitted by the same ordifferent TRPs / sensing Tx nodes ^^, ^^, and the same or different (including overlapping) frequencyregion, frequency sub-band, frequency sub-block, frequency bands, positioning frequency layers, component carriers, etc.). These can include, for instance, index / ID, resource ID, resource set ID of one or more of a DL, UL, SL, or TRP-to-TRP sensing signal (e.g., DL, UL, SL sensing RS; DL, SL PRS; CSI-RS; UL SRS; DMRS; DL, UL, SL physical data and / or control channels). In some examples, the sensing Tx node (e.g., a TRP ID / position) of a sensing signal or parameters associated to the Tx node may be known to the sensing Rx node.

[0144] $!, $" - the (similar or different) time and / or instance of the sensing signal by whichsensing measurement is performed. These can indicate, for instance, when a scheduled and / or Attorney Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCT 51 configured sensing signal is transmitted periodically or aperiodically, a time window or one or multiple periods and / or instances (e.g., a slot index or OFDM symbol index) of the sensing signal over which the sensing measurement is indicated to the sensing Rx node (e.g., as part of the measurement configuration) and / or reported by the sensing Rx node, e.g., as part of themeasurement report. ^^, ^^, for instance, can be associated with a timestamp for transmission of asensing signal based on which the sensing measurement is performed at the sensing Rx node.

[0145] %!, %" - the (similar or different) time reference point and / or timestamp for themeasurement and / or reporting of ^ and / or Δ^. These can indicate, for instance, the time references for measurement of a channel, signal, and / or carrier phase of a phase difference and may be implicitly indicated to be the start of a scheduled sensing signal resource over which the measurement is to be done. Such implicit indication, for example, can be according to a timing reference known to the sensing Rx node, e.g., an UL, DL, and / or SL NR frame SFN, subframe number, or slot index. In implementations when first and second sensing signals are different and with a different timing (e.g., due to lack of synchronization between the first and second sensing Tx nodes respectively transmitting the first and second signals, or due to the first and second sensingsignals are transmitted at different time instances, slots, subframes etc.) the indication of ^^, ^^ tothe sensing Rx node by the sensing controller apparatus and / or reporting of the ^^, ^^ by the sensingRx node assists in compensating for the said mismatch.

[0146] &!, &" - the (similar or different) frequency reference point for which the ^ or Δ^ iscomputed or configured (by the SensMF) to be computed. The frequency reference for measurement of a carrier phase of a CPD may be implicitly indicated to be the start (e.g., starting subcarrier, RE, PRB) or a center frequency and / or RE of a frequency region, frequency sub-band, frequency sub-block, frequency bands, positioning frequency layers, and / or component carriers including a scheduled sensing signal resource over which a measurement is to be done.

[0147] '!, '" - the (similar or different) spatial and / or ARP for the measurement and / orreporting of ^ or Δ^. For instance, ^^, ^^ may represent the spatial references for measurement of achannel response, signal, and / or carrier phase which may be implicitly known at the sensing Rx node (e.g., as a known spatial position and / or location for a band and / or a transceiver type (e.g., for a band (e.g., in FR-1)) to be the antenna connector of the first antenna of an array, to be the antenna Attorney Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCT 52 of the Rx node to be measured based on the combined signal from antenna elements corresponding to a given receiver branch, and / or to be an Rx Transceiver Array Boundary connector.

[0148] (!, (" - the (similar or different) propagation paths starting from (similar or different)sensing Tx nodes and ending at the sensing Rx node (for which the measurement is configured), and may correspond to paths with a LOS condition between the transmission and reception nodes or a non-LOS condition. e.g., blocked by an object, reflected from an object, scattered, refracted by anobject, or combinations thereof. As just some examples: (!, (" may be both the same propagationpath between the sensing Tx node and a sensing Rx node associated with a sensing target; (!, ("may be different propagation paths between the sensing Tx node and a sensing Rx node, with one of^^, ^^ as a reference path (e.g., the path with LOS condition (e.g., 1stpath delay)), and the other of^^, ^^ as a path associated to a sensing target, e.g., reflected from the target object; and / or (!, ("may be paths for the measurement of a channel response, signal, and / or carrier befor the same spatial and / or ARP, e.g., a same antenna connector, receiver branch, etc.

[0149] )!, )" - the (similar or different) computation model and / or computation method forcomputation of the value of carrier phase ^ or carrier phase differential Δ^. ^^, ^^, for instance,represent an AI / ML model which is previously transferred to the sensing Rx node by the sensing controller function, and / or has been previously indicated to the sensing controller function as an available model capable of performing computation / measurement of the carrier phase of a signal or CPD between two signals.

[0150] In implementations, as part of the assisting information for computation of the sensing information, the involved sensing Tx nodes report to the SensMF of the frequency and / or time and / or phase synchronization at the involved sensing Tx nodes. In some examples, the assisting information reported to the SensMF from the sensing Tx nodes may include: Indication that the two sensing Tx nodes (e.g., two gNB / TRPs) are phase-synchronized; Indication of a phase error margin (as error variance, expected absolute error, reliability percentage of an associated error value / variance, etc.); Time information associated to the said synchronization information [e.g., indication that an indicated phase error variance or synchronization status would persist for an indicated time duration]; Frequency / band information associated to the said synchronization information (e.g., indication that an indicated phase error variance or synchronization status would persist for the band B1 and B2). Attorney Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCT 53

[0151] In implementations, as part of the configuration of the sensing Rx node for performing measurement and / or reporting of Δ^, one or more of:

[0152] (1) All or subset of the dependencies ^^, ^, ^, ^, ^, ^, ^, ^^ can be defined / indicatedimplicitly or explicitly to the sensing Rx node: e.g., the path for which sensing measurement is to be performed is indicated via a path ID / label (e.g., referring to a previously known / reported path measurement); e.g., time and frequency reference point for obtaining signal / carrier phase is indicated implicitly to the sensing Rx node as the starting symbol / RE of the configured resource ofa sensing signal; e.g., ^^, ^, ^, ^, ^, ^, ^, ^^ are indicated and / or defined once for both a first andsecond part of calculating the Δ^. For instance, the two signal / carrier phase values (in the RHS ofthe Eq. 1, above) constituting Δ^ are computed based on a same indicated sensing signal (^ = ^^ =^^ transmission point (^ = ^^ = ^^), computational model (^ = ^^ = ^^), or a combination thereof,which is once for the both signal / carrier phase values.

[0153] (2) All or subset of the dependencies ^^, ^, ^, ^, ^, ^, ^, ^^ can be determined, at least inpart, autonomously by the Sensing Rx node and reported to the sensing controller apparatus: e.g., a propagation path ^^and / or ^^are determined autonomously by the sensing Rx node, e.g., via informationan application (a path with angular description matching pose information given by an application); e.g., one or more of a path, a sensing signal, sensing signal transmission point, a computational model or a combination thereof is determined by the sensing Rx node among multiple of the candidates (e.g., a sensing signal among multiple sensing signals defined for the sensing Rx) for measurement of Δ^. In some examples, the determined one or more of a path, a sensing signal, sensing signal transmission point, a computational model, or a combination thereof is further indicated / included in the measurement report to the SensMF.

[0154] (3) All or subset of the dependencies ^^, ^, ^, ^, ^, ^, ^, ^^ are assumed to be the same(e.g., *^ = *^ , for * as any (or subset) of ^, ^, ^, ^, ^, ^, ^, ^ or any other stated parameters) for theby which the Δ^ is measured / computed.

[0155] (4) All or subset of the dependencies ^^, ^, ^, ^, ^, ^, ^, ^^ are not indicated / defined as partof the configuration for sensing measurements and may not be determined by the sensing Rx node and not included in the measurement report by the sensing Rx node. For instance, in some implementations, the computation of a carrier phase and / or CPD of two signals may be configured Attorney Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCT 54with the dependencies Δ^ = ^^^^, ^^^ − ^^^^, ^^^ where remaining dependencies may bedetermined autonomously by the sensing Rx node, or not known / determined by the sensing Rx node.

[0156] (5) All or subset of the dependencies ^^, ^, ^, ^, ^, ^, ^, ^^ may be defined to the sensingRx node by the sensing controller apparatus based on an on-demand configuration requested by the Sensing Rx node and / or a recommendation and / or report of the sensing Rx node transmitted by the sensing Rx node, e.g., upon request and / or configuration of the SensMF node. For instance, configuration of the reference path p1, of the sensing path p2, of the measurement sensing signal, etc., is transmitted to the sensing Rx node by the sensing controller apparatus based on prior recommendation of the sensing Rx node to the sensing controller apparatus of the path and / or path description, or is based on a previous report (e.g., including LOS status, RSRP, RSRPP of a set of signals based on which the sensing signal is configured by the SensMF to the sensing Rx nodes, etc.) on a set of signals.

[0157] (6) Additionally, aspects of ^^, ^, ^, ^, ^, ^, ^, ^^ include combinations of the above.

[0158] In implementations that include the measurement of signal, carrier, and / or channel response phase or phase difference of a sensing Rx node including an indication and / oridentification of one or multiple paths (^^, ^^) by the sensing Rx node, the propagation paths mayinclude: Propagation paths associated to a sensing target and / or a sensing target area of interest; paths associated to a direct and / or LOS propagation condition (e.g., blocked or non-blocked, first detected path delay) from one or multiple sensing Tx nodes; and / or propagation paths associated to a reflection from a known / apriori-defined reflector (e.g., an NCR, RIS) and / or a known object, e.g., a metallic car with a known position and / or reflection characteristics.

[0159] In implementations, the identification of a path associated to a sensing target or target area of interest is performed by the sensing Rx node according to an indicated (e.g., by the sensing controller apparatus to the sensing Rx measurement node) and / or a known (e.g., via the application information residing on sensing Rx node) description of the said path can include one or more of the following:

[0160] (1) According to its propagation time and / or delay characteristics: For instance, propagation delay of the said path according to a known time reference by the said sensing Rx node, Attorney Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCT 55 such as a global clock, a local clock, a time reference, or a time reference generated from another local measurement, e.g., reception time of another known signal. For instance, a path description may include paths arrived within 5 nanoseconds (ns) from the arrival of a LOS path, and / or another known time reference to the sensing Rx node;

[0161] (2) According to the propagation path direction, e.g., reflection point position information according to a known coordinate system or location reference by the sensing Rx node, angular information (e.g., AoA, ZoA) according to a known coordinate system at the sensing node, or according to a known reference direction at the sensing Rx node, such as according to a reception angle of another known signal and / or another known path such as a received LOS path;

[0162] (3) According to the movement / mobility pattern associated with the propagation path, e.g., doppler frequency shift and / or difference of the path compared to a known frequency reference at the sensing Rx node;

[0163] (4) According to the energy and / or power associated with the propagation path, e.g., RSRPP of the path or sum-RSRPP of group of paths associated to the sensing target / target area;

[0164] (5) According to a relative description of any of the above to a previous measurement and / or a previously measured, identified, and / or detected path at the sensing Rx node (e.g., a reported path measurement ID), object (e.g., an object ID), object type (e.g., a human), and / or a known path, such as a LOS path associated to a sensing Tx node or sensing signal measurement known by the sensing Rx node. For instance, a path can be identified based on paths detected according to an RSRPP increase and / or decrease of above an indicated threshold relative to a previous measurement of the sensing Rx node (e.g., at a previous measurement snapshot and / or based on a different indicated / configured sensing signal) and / or within an indicated (e.g., + / - 30 degrees of) the angular distance (e.g., from the azimuth, zenith, or joint azimuth and elevation perspective) of the detected LOS path of a measurement at the sensing Rx node; and / or

[0165] (6) According to combinations of one or multiple of the above.

[0166] In implementations, a description of a path can further include one or more of a signal based on which the path has been previously detected and / or measured, a signal to be detected Attorney Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCT 56 and / or measured at the sensing Rx node, a level and / or threshold of signal RSRPP or change of signal RSRPP values, etc.

[0167] In implementations, indications of a path for the sensing Rx node can be performed via indication of a previous measurement where the path has been previously detected, identified, and / or measured at the sensing Rx node. In some examples, the indication of the path to the sensing Rx node may include a combination of one or more of a path ID, path number, path order (e.g., s strongest path), a RS resource (e.g., PRS resource, PRS resource set, CSI-RS, SRS resource, etc.) ID, a path description, etc. In some examples, when a signal ID and a path number, path description, and / or path ID are indicated together, the sensing Rx node can determine the path according to a previous measurement conducted on the indicated RS resource together with the path detected and / or identified within the measurement of the indicated RS resource.

[0168] In implementations, the configuration of the sensing measurement of Δ^ by the sensing controller apparatus and / or configuration for reporting of the configured measurement by the sensing Rx node can be performed upon receiving a capability information from the sensing Rx node indicating one or more of:

[0169] (1) Sensing Rx node support for measurement of signal, channel, and / or carrier phase of a direct (e.g., LOS path) and / or first path delay of the channel response; Sensing Rx node supporting measurement of signal, channel, and / or carrier phase of a path other than the LOS path;

[0170] (2) Conditions of paths supported by the Sensing Rx node for performing phase measurements, e.g., maximum of N1 number of paths (other than the LOS path) supported for phase measurements, with minimum separation in angular domain from the LOS path of N2 degrees and minimum angular separation from the LOS path of N3 degrees, and minimum RSRPP of N4 for a path to be supported for phase measurements, and minimum RSRPP ratio of N5 compared to the LOS path, or combinations thereof;

[0171] (3) Availability of location information of the sensing Rx node (e.g., at the sensing Rx node or at the SensMF);

[0172] (4) Frequency band(s) for which the capability information applies;

[0173] (5) Supported computation models / computation methods; and / or Attorney Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCT 57

[0174] (6) Combinations thereof.

[0175] In implementations, the measurement of carrier phase of a path associated to a sensing target is configured to be performed by the sensing Rx node and / or reported by the sensing Rx node upon the condition that one or more of:

[0176] (1) The sensing Rx node determines that the measurement can be done above an indicated accuracy threshold, phase quality index, and / or phase quality resolution;

[0177] (2) The path associated to the sensing target and / or the sensing target area is detected at the sensing Rx node; and / or

[0178] (3) A previously configured measurement associated to the path and / or target object (e.g., measurement of Rx-Tx time difference and / or measurement of RSTD of at least the same path associated to the sensing target) can be performed and optionally, performed with a sufficient and / or indicated accuracy.

[0179] In implementations, when the measurement of Δ^ associated with a path is performed upon completion of a second measurement of the same path, the report of the measurement of the Δ^ may be (e.g., upon received configuration of the gNB and / or sensing controller apparatus, and / or upon determination of the sensing Rx node):

[0180] (1) Reported subsequently and separately (e.g., an event-driven report such as when a change in Δψ is outside a threshold) from the report of the second measurement;

[0181] (2) Piggybacked on the same report of the second measurement;

[0182] (3) Combined with the obtained value of the second measurement according to an indicated or known combination strategy by the sensing Rx node (e.g., value of Δ^ is utilized to generate a higher accuracy RSTD, Time of Arrival (ToA) value, Time of Flight (ToF) value); and / or

[0183] (4) Combinations thereof.

[0184] In implementations, value of a phase measurement of ^ associated to all or a subset ofdependencies ^^^, ^^, ^^, ^^, ^^, ^^, ^^, ^^^ is known to the sensing Rx node prior and / or independentto the measurement of ^^^^, ^^, ^^, ^^, ^^, ^^, ^^, ^^^ conducted at the sensing Rx node. For instance,Attorney Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCT 58 the channel phase of a LOS path is computed based on at least in part the position of a sensing Tx node (e.g., via a prior indication of the sensing controller apparatus and / or the sensing Tx node) and position of the sensing Rx node, e.g., as obtained at the sensing Rx node via GNSS, via non-3GPP positioning methods, etc. The availability of such information and / or option for computation may be indicated to the sensing controller apparatus as a capability element of the sensing Rx node. In some examples, the configured measurement of the sensing Rx node may be included (e.g., indicated to the sensing Rx node, defined as, and / or reported by the sensing Rx node) as measurement of ψ^^^, ^^, ^^, ^^, ^^, ^^, ^^, ^^^ and / or measurement of a Δψ (assuming ^^^^, ^^, ^^, ^^, ^^, ^^, ^^, ^^^to a compensation and / or calibration of the measurement of the sensing Rx node(e.g., as a prior and / or separate step to the measurement) based on the known, computed, and / or expected value of ^^^^, ^^, ^^, ^^, ^^, ^^, ^^, ^^^ and the measurement of the^^^^, ^^, ^^, ^^, ^^, ^^, ^^, ^^^.

[0185] In implementations, the carrier phase measurement reports (reporting of ^ or Δ^) include an associated timestamp and the timestamp granularity may be a slot or OFDM symbol.

[0186] In implementations, one or more of the configurations such as of a sensing signal, a sensing transmission, sensing reception, a sensing measurement, etc., indications, reporting information elements between a sensing Tx node, a sending Rx node, and the sensing controller apparatus, or subsets thereof, can be one or more of: received by the sensing Rx nodes, transmitted by the sensing Rx nodes, received by the sensing Tx nodes, transmitted by the sensing Tx nodes, transmitted and / or received by the SensMF node, and / or combinations thereof via one or more of:

[0187] (1) UL, DL, or SL physical data and / or control channels defined within the communication network (e.g., NR PBCH, PDSCH, PDCCH, PUSCH, PUCCH, PSBCH, PSCCH, PSSCH) via a higher layer (MAC-CE or RRC) signaling, where the sensing Rx and / or the sensing Tx node can be a UE;

[0188] (2) A logical interface between the SF and the Sensing nodes, as part of the LPP, as a modified and / or enhanced LPP message framework for sensing, and / or as an interface defined for sensing message exchanges over the N1 interface between the SF and a UE, where the sensing Tx and / or sensing Rx node can be a UE; Attorney Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCT 59

[0189] (3) A logical interface between the sensing controller apparatus and the sensing nodes, as part of the NR Positioning Protocol A (NRPPa) (or modified and / or enhanced NRPPa message framework for sensing), or as an interface defined over the NGAP interface, where the sensing Tx and / or sensing Rx node is a TRP of RAN and the sensing controller apparatus is a core NF, e.g., SF, LMF, etc.; and / or

[0190] (4) A logical interface between the sensing controller apparatus and the sensing nodes where the sensing controller apparatus is a serving gNB of a sensing task and the sensing node is a UE or a TRP of RAN. In some examples, the logical interface utilizes (at least in part) the X2 interface between the associated gNB of the sensing node and the serving gNB of the sensing task.

[0191] In the below example definitions of the Tables, the path P may be:

[0192] (1) the path corresponding to the P-th path of a path group identified at the sensing Rx node according to a path group description (e.g., paths detectable by the sensing Rx node satisfying a path description as described in the previous implementations) and according to an ordering scheme. The ordering scheme, for instance, specifies ordering in the increasing or decreasing direction of path arrival time and / or path delay, path AoA and / or ZoA with respect to (difference with) a reference arrival direction (e.g., an indicated direction according to the LCS, GCS, or a reference detected direction of the LOS / first arrival path), a path doppler shift, etc. For example, the path corresponding to the P-th path of a path group identified at the sensing Rx node may be the path corresponding to the P-th path delay of the channel response between the TP and the sensing Rx node;

[0193] (2) the path associated with a label / ID P; or

[0194] (3) the path detected based on a path description ID P. Attorney Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCT 60 TABLE 3.3.1.1. DL / UL / SL reference signal carrier phase of a path (DL RSCPP) Example DL / UL / SL reference signal carrier phase of a path (RSCPP) is defined as the Definition phase of the channel response at a path P derived from the resource elements [the definition of a carrying DL / UL / SL RS (e.g., DL PRS, UL SRS, SL PRS, etc.) configured for the measurement may measurement. be taken at least partially based on In some implementations, DL / UL / SL RSCPP is associated with a known an exemplified frequency reference point of the corresponding DL / UL / SL frame (e.g., center definition (in full frequency, initial RE, last RE of a scheduled signal resource, e.g., PFL, a sensing or in part) herein] RS, etc.) and / or with a known time reference point of the corresponding DL / UL / SL frame (a starting time of a scheduled signal resource). In some implementations, for frequency range 1, the reference point for the RSCPP can be the antenna connector of the receiver device. In some implementations, for frequency range 2, the reference point for the RSCPP can be the antenna of the receiver device. Applicable for One or more of RRC_CONNECTED, RRC_INACTIVE, RRC_IDLE states Attorney Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCT 61 TABLE 3.3.1.2. TRP-to-TRP reference signal carrier phase of a path (TRP2TRP RSCPP) Example TRP-to-TRP reference signal carrier phase of a path (TRP2TRP RSCPP) is Definition defined as the phase of the channel response at a path P (initiated from the first [the definition of a TRP and terminated at the second TRP) derived from a signal transmitted by the measurement may first TRP (e.g., a DL PRS or other RS, DL physical control or data channel which be taken at least is known to (acting as reference signal) for the second TRP) and received by a partially based on second TRP. an exemplified In some implementations, the first and second TRPs may be the same TRP, may definition (in full be different but belong to a same gNB belong to the same gNB-CU, belong to the or in part) herein] same gNB-DU, or belong to different gNB / gNB-DU / gNB-CUs. In some implementations, TRP2TRP RSCPP is associated with a known frequency reference point of the corresponding DL / UL / SL frame of the first or second TRP (e.g., center frequency, initial RE, last RE of a scheduled signal resource, e.g., PFL, a sensing RS, etc.) and / or with a known time reference point of the corresponding DL / UL / SL frame of the first or second TRP (a starting time of a scheduled signal resource) In some implementations, for frequency range 1, the reference point for the RSCPP can be the antenna connector of the receiver device. In some implementations, for frequency range 2, the reference point for the RSCPP can be the antenna of the receiver device. Applicable for One or more of TRPs in the active state (for the first TRP) and TRPs in the either active or inactive state (for the second TRP), including or excluding (in some implementations) TRPS in the DTX and / or DRX states.

[0195] Implementations of the solutions described in this disclosure involve utilizing CP difference measurement of a sensing path and a reference path. For instance, a sensing Rx node is configured by the sensing controller apparatus for performing a sensing measurement, including difference of carrier phase, signal, and / or channel phase of a first indicated path (e.g., a sensing path) observed via a first sensing signal (e.g., a PRS, CSI-RS, a sensing-dedicated RS, etc.) and Attorney Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCT 62 carrier phase, signal, and / or channel phase of a second path (e.g., a reference path) observable via a second sensing signal. The configuration of the sensing Rx node for sensing measurement may include one or more of a first sensing signal transmitted from a first TP, a second sensing signal transmitted from a second TP, an indication and / or description of a first propagation path (e.g., a sensing path), and an indication and / or description of a second propagation path, e.g., a reference path. In some examples and responsive to being configured with the above sensing configuration and receiving the configured first and / or second signal, the sensing Rx node obtains the difference of carrier phase, signal, and / or channel phase of the sensing path and the reference path.

[0196] In implementations the first TP and / or second TP may be one or more of a gNB, a gNB- TRP, a UE, a RAN node, IAB node, NCR, etc. In some examples, the first and second TPs are the same. In some other examples, the first and second TPs are different and belong to different nodes.

[0197] In implementations the first and second sensing signals are different, e.g., are defined as different RS, different signals, differ in at least one or more of the time-frequency resource, the sequence code and / or type, the transmission point, etc. In some examples, the said first and second signals are the same and originate from the same TP. As such, the first path and second path can be observed, detected, and / or measured at the sensing Rx utilizing the same sensing signal. In some examples, the subcarrier spacing of the first sensing signal and the second sensing signal are the same. In other examples, the subcarrier spacing of the first sensing signal and the second sensing signal are different and, in some cases, the sensing path and the reference path have a common time reference.

[0198] In some examples, the time and / or frequency synchronization for reception of the first sensing signal and the second sensing signal at the sensing Rx node are the same. In some examples, the time and / or frequency synchronization for receiving the second sensing signal from the second TRP is determined based on (e.g., same as) the time and / or frequency synchronization for receiving the first sensing signal from the first TRP. In some examples, the first sensing signal and the second sensing signal are received in the same frequency band (intra-band sensing signals, e.g., same CC, same PFL, etc.); in other examples, the first sensing signal and the second sensing signal are received in different frequency bands, e.g., inter-band sensing signals. Attorney Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCT 63

[0199] In some examples, the first and second sensing signals are assumed to be quasi- collocated (e.g., have the same source QCL RS) with respect to at least a spatial Rx parameter. Spatial Rx parameters may include one or more of: angle of arrival (AoA,) Dominant AoA, average AoA, angular spread, Power Angular Spectrum (PAS) of AoA, average AoD (angle of departure), PAS of AoD, receive channel correlation, receive beamforming, spatial channel correlation, etc.

[0200] In implementations the measurement configuration can include:

[0201] (1) A first spatial reference point at the sensing Rx node for the measurement of the first signal, and a second spatial reference point (e.g., the same as or different from the first spatial reference) for the measurement of the second signal;

[0202] (2) A first time reference at the sensing Rx node for the measurement of the first signal, and a second time reference (e.g., the same as or different from the first time reference) for the measurement of the second signal; and

[0203] (3) A first frequency reference at the sensing Rx node for the measurement of the first signal, and a second frequency reference (e.g., the same as or different from the first frequency reference) for the measurement of the second signal.

[0204] In implementations the first and second spatial reference points, the first and second frequency reference points, the first and second time reference points, and / or combination thereof, can be assumed by the sensing Rx node to be the same.

[0205] In implementations the reference path is a LOS path and / or first detected path originating from the second TP and terminating at the sensing Rx node. In some examples the reference path is a known reflective path (e.g., a known reflector at the sensing Rx node, such as a RIS) and / or a previously measured and / or detected reflective path with known and / or previously measured properties.

[0206] In implementations the sensing path can be a LOS path and / or a first detected path originating from the first TP and terminating at the sensing Rx node. The sensing path can be a reflective path from a sensing target detected at the sensing Rx node according to a received path description and / or information from the sensing controller apparatus and / or from an application residing on and / or connected to the sensing Rx node. The sensing path may be a reflective path Attorney Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCT 64 from a sensing target indicated by the sensing controller apparatus to the sensing Rx node, such as by indicating a previously measured and / or detected path of a previous RS, including one or more of an RS ID, a path ID, etc.

[0207] Figures 8-11 illustrate example configurations for measurement including carrier phase and / or channel phase difference of a sensing path and a reference path in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. For instance, Figure 8 illustrates a configuration 800, Figure 9 illustrates a configuration 900, Figure 10 illustrates a configuration 1000, and Figure 11 illustrates a configuration 1100. In the configurations 800-1100, a sensing Rx node 802 is configured to perform measurement of CP difference among a sensing path 804 associated with a sensing target 806 and a reference path 808. In some example the sensing Rx node 802 is the same node as a TP i1 and / or TP i2.

[0208] In the configurations 800, 1000, both sensing paths 804 and reference paths 808 are initiated at the TP i1 and terminated at the sensing Rx node 802. The reference paths 808 and sensing paths 804 may be measured at the sensing Rx node 802 via one sensing signal transmitted by the node TP i1 (e.g., over which the sensing Rx node 802 measures the CPD of the paths) and / or measured via separate sensing signal transmissions by the TP i1, e.g., two sensing signals at different times (e.g., different subframes, different slots), at different frequency bands, separate signal sequences and / or codes, and / or at different overlapping or non-overlapping time-frequency resources, such as a PRS resource with ID = 1 and a PRS resource with ID = 2. In the configuration 800 and in some implementations, the reference path 808 is associated with a known reflector 810 and / or a previously measured / known path. In the configuration 1000 the reference path 808 is associated with a LOS (direct) propagation path between the TP i1 and the sensing Rx node 802.

[0209] In the configurations 900, 1100, the sensing path 804 is originating from the TP i1 and terminated at the sensing Rx node 802, whereas the reference path 808 is originated at TP i2 and terminated at the sensing Rx node 802. The sensing path 804 is measured at the sensing Rx node 802 via a first sensing signal transmitted by the node TP i1, whereas the reference path 808 is measured at the sensing Rx node 802 via a second sensing signal transmitted by the node TP i2. In the configuration 1100 and in some implementations, the reference path 808 is associated with a known reflector 810 and / or a previously measured / known path including at least a reflection. In the Attorney Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCT 65 configuration 900 the reference path 808 is associated with a LOS (direct) propagation path between the TP i2 and the sensing Rx node 802.

[0210] In implementations the measurement of the CPD between an indicated sensing path and a reference path can be performed based on the sensing signals transmitted in the DL direction and measured by a UE sensing Rx. In such scenarios and in some examples, the measurement of the CPD can be configured, measured, and / or reported as defined in Table 3.3.1.1 (above) and / or Table 3.3.2.1, below.

[0211] In implementations the measurement of the CPD between an indicated sensing path and a reference path can be performed based on the sensing signals transmitted in the UL direction and measured by a gNB and / or TRP sensing Rx. In such scenarios and in some examples, the measurement of the CPD can be configured, measured, and / or reported as defined in Table 3.3.1.1 (above) and / or Table 3.3.2.2, below.

[0212] In implementations the measurement of the CPD between an indicated sensing path and a reference path can be performed based on the sensing signals transmitted in the SL direction and measured by a UE sensing Rx. In such scenarios and in some examples, the measurement of the CPD can be configured, measured, and / or reported as defined in Table 3.3.1.1 (above) and / or Table 3.3.2.3, below.

[0213] In implementations the measurement of the CPD between an indicated sensing path and a reference path can be performed based on the sensing signals transmitted by a gNB and / or TRP in the TRP-to-TRP (e.g., reception and measurement by a TRP sensing Rx based on signal transmitted by a TRP) direction and measured by a gNB and / or TRP sensing Rx. In such scenarios and in some examples, the measurement of the CPD can be configured, measured, and / or reported as defined in Table 3.3.1.2 (above) and / or Table 3.3.3.4, below.

[0214] In implementations inactive and / or sleeping state of a gNB, gNB-CU, gNB-DU, and / or TRP represents a state in which the apparatus does not support and / or perform transmission of all or a subset of DL, TRP-to-TRP reference signals, physical data, and / or control channels in the DL, but may receive signal from the UL at least for performing the UL RSCPDPQ measurements. Attorney Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCT 66 TABLE 3.3.2.1. DL reference signal carrier phase difference of paths (DL RSCPDPQ) Example DL RSCPDPQ is defined as the difference of DL RSCPPs of the first path P Definition [the measured from a first DL RS (e.g., a CSI-RS, a DL-PRS, DL sensing-specific RS) definition of a and a second path Q measured from a second DL RS (similar or different DL RS measurement than the first DL RS). may be taken at The first and second DL RSs may be transmitted from the same or different TRPs. least partially The first path P and the second path Q may start from the same or different TRPs based on an but shall end at the same UE measuring DL RSCPDPQ. In some implementations, exemplified the DL RSCPDPQ is obtained as difference of DL RSCPPs utilizing the same time definition (in reference point, frequency reference point, spatial reference point (or a full or in part) combination thereof) at the measuring UE for both DL RSCPPs. herein] If UE reports and / or measures the RSCPDPQ measurements together with a first measurement, e.g., UE DL RSTD of (two) paths, UE Rx (of path P)-Tx time difference, UE AoA or ZoA measurement of a path, UE AoA difference or ZoA difference of two paths, UE doppler shift measurement of a path, UE measurement of doppler shift difference of two paths [or any DL measurements as described in SMM920230095 and SMM920230096], then, in some implementations, the said first measurement and the measurement of RSCPDPQ may assume the one or more of the first and / or the second DL RS; paths P and / or Q, the one or more TPs, the one or both measurement time references of the RSCPPs, the one or both measurement frequency references of RSCPPs, the one or both measurement timestamps of RSCPPs; the spatial (e.g., antenna) reference point, the Rx one or more beams used for measurements (or a combination thereof) being the same for measurement of DL RSCPDPQ and for the said first measurement at the UE. Applicable for One or more of RRC_CONNECTED, RRC_INACTIVE, RRC_IDLE Attorney Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCT 67 TABLE 3.3.2.2. UL RSCPDPQ Example UL RSCPDPQ is defined as the difference of UL RSCPPs of the first path P Definition [the measured from a first UL RS (e.g., an SRS, an UL sensing-specific RS) and a definition of a second path Q measured from a second UL RS (similar or different UL RS than measurement the first UL RS). may be taken at The first and second UL RSs may be transmitted from the same or different UEs. least partially The first path P and the second path Q may start from the same or different UEs, based on an but shall end at the same TRP measuring UL RSCPDPQ. In some exemplified implementations, the UL RSCPDPQ is obtained as difference of UL RSCPPs definition (in utilizing the same time reference point, frequency reference point, spatial reference full or in part) point (or a combination thereof) at the measuring TRP for both UL RSCPPs. herein] If gNB / TRP reports and / or measures the UL RSCPDPQ measurements together with a first measurement (conducted at the same gNB / TRP), e.g., RSTD of (two) paths, RTOA (of paths), Rx (of path P)-Tx time difference, AoA or ZoA measurement of a path, AoA difference or ZoA difference of two paths, doppler shift measurement of a path, UE measurement of doppler shift difference of two paths [or any UL measurement as described in SMM920230095 and SMM920230096], then, in some implementations, the said first measurement and the measurement of RSCPDPQ may assume the one or more of the first and / or the second UL RS; paths P and / or Q, the one or more UE TPs, the one or both measurement time references of the UL RSCPPs, the one or both measurement frequency references of UL RSCPPs, the one or both measurement timestamps of UL RSCPPs; the spatial (e.g., antenna) reference point, the Rx one or more beams used for measurements (or a combination thereof) being the same for measurement of UL RSCPDPQ and for the said first measurement at the UE. Applicable for TRPs in the (in some implementations) one or more of active or inactive / sleeping state Attorney Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCT 68 TABLE 3.3.2.3. SL reference signal carrier phase difference of paths (SL RSCPDPQ) Example SL RSCPDPQ is defined as the difference of SL RSCPPs of the first path P Definition [the measured from a first SL RS (e.g., a SL-PRS, SL sensing-specific RS) and a definition of a second path Q measured from a second SL RS (similar or different SL RS than the measurement first SL RS). may be taken at The first and second SL RSs may be transmitted from the same or different UE least partially TPs. The first path P and the second path Q may start from the same or different based on an UE TPs, but shall end at the same UE measuring SL RSCPDPQ. In some exemplified implementations, the SL RSCPDPQ is obtained as difference of SL RSCPPs definition (in utilizing the same time reference point, frequency reference point, spatial reference full or in part) point (or a combination thereof) at the measuring UE for both SL RSCPPs. herein] If UE reports and / or measures the SL RSCPDPQ measurements together with a first measurement (conducted at the same UE), e.g., RSTD of (two) paths, RTOA (of paths), Rx (of path P)-Tx time difference, AoA or ZoA measurement of a path, AoA difference or ZoA difference of two paths, doppler shift measurement of a path, UE measurement of doppler shift difference of two paths [or any UL measurement as described in SMM920230095 and SMM920230096], then, in some implementations, the said first measurement and the measurement of SL RSCPDPQ may assume the one or more of the first and / or the second SL RS; paths P and / or Q, the one or more UE TPs, the one or both measurement time references of the SL RSCPPs, the one or both measurement frequency references of SL RSCPPs, the one or both measurement timestamps of SL RSCPPs; the spatial (e.g., antenna) reference point, the Rx one or more beams used for measurements (or a combination thereof) being the same for measurement of SL RSCPDPQ and for the said first measurement at the UE. Applicable for One or more of RRC_CONNECTED, RRC_INACTIVE, RRC_IDLE Attorney Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCT 69 TABLE 3.3.2.4. TRP-to-TRP reference signal carrier phase difference of paths (TRP2TRP RSCPDPQ) Attorney Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCT 70 Example TRP2TRP RSCPDPQ, measured at a measuring TRP, is defined as the difference Definition [the of TRP2TRP RSCPPs of the first path P measured (at the measuring TRP) from a definition of a first signal (e.g., a TRP2TRP or DL-RS (PRS, sensing-specific RS), a physical measurement data / control channel transmitted by the first TRP and may be known to the may be taken at measuring TRP) transmitted from the first TRP and a second path Q measured (at least partially the measuring TRP) from a second signal (similar or different signal than the first based on an signal) transmitted by a second TRP (the same or different than the first TRP). In exemplified some implementations, the TRP2TRP RSCPDPQ is obtained as difference of definition (in TRP2TRP RSCPPs utilizing the same time reference point, frequency reference full or in part) point, spatial reference point (or a combination thereof) at the measuring TRP for herein] both TRP2TRP RSCPPs. The first and second signals may be transmitted from the same or different TRPs. The first path P and the second path Q may start from the same or different TRPs, but shall terminate at the same TRP measuring TRP2TRP RSCPDPQ. In some implementations, the first and / or second TRP are the same as the measuring TRP or belonging to the same gNB, gNB-CU, gNB-DU. If UE reports and / or measures the TRP2TRP RSCPDPQ measurements together with a first measurement (conducted at the same measuring TRP), e.g., RSTD of (two) paths, RTOA (of paths), Rx (of path P)-Tx time difference, AoA or ZoA measurement of a path, AoA difference or ZoA difference of two paths, doppler shift measurement of a path, TRP measurement of doppler shift difference of two paths [or any UL measurement as described in SMM920230095 and SMM920230096], then, in some implementations, the said first measurement and the measurement of TRP2TRP RSCPDPQ may assume the one or more of the first and / or the second signal; paths P and / or Q, the first and / or second TRPs as TPs of one or more sensing signals, the one or both measurement time references of the TRP2TRP RSCPPs, the one or both measurement frequency references of TRP2TRP RSCPPs, the one or both measurement timestamps of TRP2TRP RSCPPs; the spatial (e.g., antenna) reference point, the Rx one or more beams Attorney Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCT 71 used for measurements (or a combination thereof) being the same for measurement of TRP2TRP RSCPDPQ and for the said first measurement at the UE. Applicable for TRPs in the active state for first and second TRPs (supporting transmission of DL / TRP2TRP RS signals) and TRPs in the active or inactive / sleeping state for the measuring TRP. One or more of TRPs in the active state (for the first TRP) and TRPs in the either active or inactive state (for the second TRP), including or excluding (in some implementations) TRPS in the DTX and / or DRX states.

[0215] In implementations the measurement of the CPD between the at least two sensing paths is configured and / or reported jointly with configuration and / or reporting of a first measurement (e.g., any of the first measurement defined in Tables 3.3.2.1-3.3.2.4). In implementations the joint configuration and / or reporting of the CPD measurement and the first measurement include an indication of the first measurement in the configuration of the CPD measurement.

[0216] In implementations all or a subset of parameters defining the sensing signals (e.g., PRS resource ID, sensing RS ID, etc.), the description, indication, and / or parameters defining the sensing beam, the reception beam of the sensing signals at the sensing Rx node, etc. for the sensing measurement (e.g., measurement of the CPD between the at least two paths) can be assumed by and / or indicated to the sensing Rx node to be the same as configured for the first measurement.

[0217] In implementations when the measurement of the CPD between the two paths is configured jointly with the first measurement, the CPD measurement is performed under the condition (e.g., as indicated to the sensing Rx node) that the said first measurement is performed to satisfy criteria. Examples of criteria include that the first measurement is performed within an indicated time window, with an indicated accuracy (e.g., timing accuracy), a sensing path is detected and / or present with a minimum probability according to the indicated path description to the sensing Rx node, the detected sensing path power (RSRPP) is beyond an indicated threshold, and / or combinations thereof. Attorney Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCT 72

[0218] In implementations, when the measurement of the CPD between the two paths is configured jointly with the first measurement, the CPD measurement can be adjusted to the obtained measurement value of the first measurement, e.g., the Rx beam of the CPD measurement is determined as the Rx beam by which the sensing path obtained a maximum RSRPP at the sensing Rx node.

[0219] In implementations, when the measurement of the CPD between the two paths is configured together with the first measurement, the sensing Rx node can be configured to utilize a combination of the obtained first measurement and the obtained CPD of the two paths to obtain a timing measurement (e.g., path propagation time, ToF difference of paths), and report the obtained combined timing, e.g., the difference of two measured times. In some examples the report of the combined timing measurement can be performed via the same codebook (e.g., a codebook including timing values) as for the first measurement. In some examples, the combined timing measurement can be reported via a different codebook, e.g., a table including timing values with higher resolution than a codebook used for the first measurement.

[0220] In implementations, when the measurement of the CPD between the two paths is configured together with the first measurement, the sensing Rx node can be configured to report the measurement of the first measurement and the CPD measurement separately, e.g., via a different or same report message and / or transmission occasion. In examples of such implementations, the reporting of the CPD can be performed via a codebook including relative timing adjustments, e.g., as a timing information to be combined with a previously indicated and / or reported timing. In some examples, when the measurement of CPD of two paths is measured together and / or subsequent to a timing (e.g., ToF, ToA) estimation, the sensing Rx node can be configured to convert the obtained CPD value to a correction to the previously obtained ToF, which may be reported separately than the initially measured ToF via a codebook including relative timing corrections.

[0221] Figure 12 illustrates an example of a UE 1200 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The UE 1200 may include a processor 1202, a memory 1204, a controller 1206, and a transceiver 1208. The processor 1202, the memory 1204, the controller 1206, or the transceiver 1208, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of the present disclosure as described herein. These components may be Attorney Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCT 73 coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces.

[0222] The processor 1202, the memory 1204, the controller 1206, or the transceiver 1208, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., circuitry). The hardware may include a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or other programmable logic device, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure.

[0223] The processor 1202 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA, or any combination thereof). In some implementations, the processor 1202 may be configured to operate the memory 1204. In some other implementations, the memory 1204 may be integrated into the processor 1202. The processor 1202 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in the memory 1204 to cause the UE 1200 to perform various functions of the present disclosure.

[0224] The memory 1204 may include volatile or non-volatile memory. The memory 1204 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions when executed by the processor 1202 cause the UE 1200 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as the memory 1204 or another type of memory. Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer.

[0225] In some implementations, the processor 1202 and the memory 1204 coupled with the processor 1202 may be configured to cause the UE 1200 to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., executing, by the processor 1202, instructions stored in the memory 1204). For example, the processor 1202 may support wireless communication at the UE 1200 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein.

[0226] The UE 1200 may be configured to or operable to support a means for receiving a measurement configuration for measuring a reference path and a sensing path, the measurement Attorney Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCT 74 configuration including an indication for measurement of a CPD associated with the reference path and the sensing path; receiving a reporting configuration associated with the measurement configuration; measuring the CPD based at least in part on the sensing path and the reference path; and reporting a measurement report including a measured CPD value based at least in part on the reporting configuration.

[0227] Additionally, the UE 1200 may be configured to support any one or combination of where the measurement configuration includes an indication of one or more of the sensing path or the reference path, and the indication of the one or more of the sensing path or the reference path includes one or more of an indication of a previously detected path, a previously reported path, or a path determined by the sensing measurement apparatus; the indication of the one or more of the sensing path or the reference path measurement includes an indication of a LOS condition or first arrival path; the CPD associated with the reference path and the sensing path includes RSCPDPQ; the sensing measurement apparatus includes one or more of a UE, a PRU, a gNB, or a TRP; the measurement configuration includes a path indication of one or more of the reference path or the sensing path, and the path indication includes one or more of: one or more path descriptions; one or more path IDs; one or more of an object ID or a reflector ID associated to a path; one or more of a signal ID or an RS ID from which a previously detected or reported path has been observed; one or more path numbers or path order numbers; or a path ordering logic; the one or more path IDs include one or more path IDs for one or more identified paths that are one or more of previously measured or previously defined by the sensing measurement apparatus, and where the one or more path IDs are associated with one or more RS via which the sensing measurement apparatus measured the identified one or more paths.

[0228] Additionally, the UE 1200 may be configured to support any one or combination of where the path ordering logic includes one or more of an order of arrival path in delay, an order of arrival path arrival in zenith closest to one or more of a first arrival path in delay or a LOS path; the measurement configuration includes an indication of a first RS for measurement of the reference path and a second RS for measurement of the sensing path, where the first RS and the second RS include identical RSs or different RSs; the measurement configuration includes an indication of a first TP of the first RS and a second TP of the second RS, and where the first TP and the second TP include identical TPs or different TPs; the measurement configuration includes an indication of one Attorney Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCT 75 or more of: a first measurement time reference for measurement of the reference path and a second measurement time reference for measurement of the sensing path, where the first measurement time reference for measurement and the second measurement time reference for measurement are identical or different; a first measurement frequency reference for measurement of the reference path and a second measurement frequency reference for measurement of the sensing path, where the first measurement frequency reference for measurement and the second measurement frequency reference for measurement are identical or different.

[0229] Additionally, the UE 1200 may be configured to support any one or combination of where a first measurement phase reference for measurement of the reference path and a second measurement phase reference for measurement of the sensing path, where the first measurement phase reference for measurement and the second measurement phase reference for measurement are identical or different; or a first measurement ARP reference for measurement of the reference path and second measurement ARP reference for measurement of the sensing path, where the first measurement ARP reference for measurement and the second measurement ARP reference for measurement are identical or different; the measurement configuration further includes an indication of a computation model for measurement of one or more of CP or CPD of the reference path and the sensing path.

[0230] Additionally, the UE 1200 may be configured to support any one or combination of where the measurement configuration further includes measurement configuration attributes including at least one of one or more associated TPs, one or more associated sensing signals, one or more measurement time references, one or more measurement frequency references, one or more ARPs, or one or more computation models for measurement of the CPD of the reference path and the sensing path, and where instances of the measurement configuration attributes are one or more of: indicated implicitly or explicitly to the sensing measurement apparatus by a sensing controller apparatus; determined, at least in part, autonomously by the sensing measurement apparatus and reported to the sensing controller apparatus; assumed to be identical for measurements of the reference path and the sensing by which the CPD is measured; one or more of not indicated as part of the measurement configuration, not determined by the sensing measurement apparatus, or not included in the measurement report; determined, by the sensing controller apparatus, based on one or more of an on-demand configuration requested by the sensing measurement apparatus or a Attorney Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCT 76 measurement report transmitted by the sensing measurement apparatus to the sensing controller apparatus; or combinations thereof.

[0231] Additionally, the UE 1200 may be configured to support any one or combination of where measurement of the CPD associated with the reference path and the sensing path is further associated with a first measurement, and where the first measurement includes one or more of: RSTD of two or more paths; RTOA of two or more paths; reception-to-transmission time difference; one or more of AoA measurement or ZoA measurement of a path; one or more of AoA difference or ZoA difference of two or more paths; doppler shift measurement of a path; or measurement of doppler shift difference of two or more paths; configuring the measurement of the CPD and the first measurement jointly; performing the measurement of the CPD and the first measurement includes using one or more of: an identical set of sensing RSs; an identical set of TPs; an identical set of reference paths; an identical set of sensing paths; or one or more of a same set of time reference points, a same set of frequency reference points, or a same set of ARPs; one or more of jointly receiving configuration of or jointly reporting, via a common message, the measurement report and the first measurement; performing joint reporting of the measurement report and the first measurement, and where the joint reporting utilizes a joint codebook for reporting the measurement report and the first measurement.

[0232] Additionally, or alternatively, the UE 1200 may support at least one memory (e.g., the memory 1204) and at least one processor (e.g., the processor 1202) coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the UE to receive a measurement configuration for measuring a reference path and a sensing path, the measurement configuration including an indication for measurement of a CPD associated with the reference path and the sensing path; receive a reporting configuration associated with the measurement configuration; measure the CPD based at least in part on the sensing path and the reference path; and report a measurement report including a measured CPD value based at least in part on the reporting configuration.

[0233] Additionally, the UE 1200 may be configured to support any one or combination of where the measurement configuration includes an indication of one or more of the sensing path or the reference path, and the indication of the one or more of the sensing path or the reference path includes one or more of an indication of a previously detected path, a previously reported path, or a path determined by the sensing measurement apparatus; the indication of the one or more of the Attorney Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCT 77 sensing path or the reference path measurement includes an indication of a LOS condition or first arrival path; the CPD associated with the reference path and the sensing path includes RSCPDPQ; the sensing measurement apparatus includes one or more of a UE, a PRU, a gNB, or a TRP; the measurement configuration includes a path indication of one or more of the reference path or the sensing path, and the path indication includes one or more of: one or more path descriptions; one or more path IDs; one or more of an object ID or a reflector ID associated to a path; one or more of a signal ID or an RS ID from which a previously detected or reported path has been observed; one or more path numbers or path order numbers; or a path ordering logic.

[0234] Additionally, the UE 1200 may be configured to support any one or combination of where the one or more path IDs include one or more path IDs for one or more identified paths that are one or more of previously measured or previously defined by the sensing measurement apparatus, and where the one or more path IDs are associated with one or more RS via which the sensing measurement apparatus measured the identified one or more paths; the path ordering logic includes one or more of an order of arrival path in delay, an order of arrival path arrival in zenith closest to one or more of a first arrival path in delay or a LOS path; the measurement configuration includes an indication of a first RS for measurement of the reference path and a second RS for measurement of the sensing path, where the first RS and the second RS include identical RSs or different RSs; the measurement configuration includes an indication of a first TP of the first RS and a second TP of the second RS, and where the first TP and the second TP include identical TPs or different TPs.

[0235] Additionally, the UE 1200 may be configured to support any one or combination of where the measurement configuration includes an indication of one or more of: a first measurement time reference for measurement of the reference path and a second measurement time reference for measurement of the sensing path, where the first measurement time reference for measurement and the second measurement time reference for measurement are identical or different; a first measurement frequency reference for measurement of the reference path and a second measurement frequency reference for measurement of the sensing path, where the first measurement frequency reference for measurement and the second measurement frequency reference for measurement are identical or different; a first measurement phase reference for measurement of the reference path and a second measurement phase reference for measurement of the sensing path, where the first Attorney Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCT 78 measurement phase reference for measurement and the second measurement phase reference for measurement are identical or different; or a first measurement ARP reference for measurement of the reference path and second measurement ARP reference for measurement of the sensing path, where the first measurement ARP reference for measurement and the second measurement ARP reference for measurement are identical or different.

[0236] Additionally, the UE 1200 may be configured to support any one or combination of where the measurement configuration further includes an indication of a computation model for measurement of one or more of CP or CPD of the reference path and the sensing path; the measurement configuration further includes measurement configuration attributes including at least one of one or more associated TPs, one or more associated sensing signals, one or more measurement time references, one or more measurement frequency references, one or more ARPs, or one or more computation models for measurement of the CPD of the reference path and the sensing path, and where instances of the measurement configuration attributes are one or more of: indicated implicitly or explicitly to the sensing measurement apparatus by a sensing controller apparatus; determined, at least in part, autonomously by the sensing measurement apparatus and reported to the sensing controller apparatus; assumed to be identical for measurements of the reference path and the sensing by which the CPD is measured; one or more of not indicated as part of the measurement configuration, not determined by the sensing measurement apparatus, or not included in the measurement report; determined, by the sensing controller apparatus, based on one or more of an on-demand configuration requested by the sensing measurement apparatus or a measurement report transmitted by the sensing measurement apparatus to the sensing controller apparatus; or combinations thereof.

[0237] Additionally, the UE 1200 may be configured to support any one or combination of where the measurement of the CPD associated with the reference path and the sensing path is further associated with a first measurement, and where the first measurement includes one or more of: RSTD of two or more paths; RTOA of two or more paths; reception-to-transmission time difference; one or more of AoA measurement or ZoA measurement of a path; one or more of AoA difference or ZoA difference of two or more paths; doppler shift measurement of a path; or measurement of doppler shift difference of two or more paths; the at least one processor is configured to cause the sensing measurement apparatus to configure the measurement of the CPD Attorney Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCT 79 and the first measurement jointly; to perform the measurement of the CPD and the first measurement, the at least one processor is configured to cause the sensing measurement apparatus to use one or more of: an identical set of sensing RSs; an identical set of TPs; an identical set of reference paths; an identical set of sensing paths; or one or more of a same set of time reference points, a same set of frequency reference points, or a same set of ARPs; the at least one processor is configured to cause the sensing measurement apparatus to one or more of jointly receive configuration of or jointly report, via a common message, the measurement report and the first measurement; the at least one processor is configured to cause the sensing measurement apparatus to perform joint reporting of the measurement report and the first measurement, and where the joint reporting utilizes a joint codebook for reporting the measurement report and the first measurement.

[0238] The UE 1200 may be configured to or operable to support a means for receiving a measurement configuration for measuring a reference path and a sensing path, the measurement configuration including an indication for measurement of a CPD associated with the reference path and the sensing path; receiving a reporting configuration associated with the measurement configuration; measuring the CPD based at least in part on the sensing path and the reference path; and reporting a measurement report including a measured CPD value based at least in part on the reporting configuration.

[0239] Additionally, the UE 1200 may be configured to support any one or combination of where the measurement configuration includes an indication of one or more of the sensing path or the reference path, and the indication of the one or more of the sensing path or the reference path includes one or more of an indication of a previously detected path, a previously reported path, or a path determined by the sensing measurement apparatus; the indication of the one or more of the sensing path or the reference path measurement includes an indication of a LOS condition or first arrival path; the CPD associated with the reference path and the sensing path includes RSCPDPQ; the sensing measurement apparatus includes one or more of a UE, a PRU, a gNB, or a TRP; the measurement configuration includes a path indication of one or more of the reference path or the sensing path, and the path indication includes one or more of: one or more path descriptions; one or more path IDs; one or more of an object ID or a reflector ID associated to a path; one or more of a signal ID or an RS ID from which a previously detected or reported path has been observed; one or more path numbers or path order numbers; or a path ordering logic; the one or more path IDs Attorney Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCT 80 include one or more path IDs for one or more identified paths that are one or more of previously measured or previously defined by the sensing measurement apparatus, and where the one or more path IDs are associated with one or more RS via which the sensing measurement apparatus measured the identified one or more paths.

[0240] Additionally, the UE 1200 may be configured to support any one or combination of where the path ordering logic includes one or more of an order of arrival path in delay, an order of arrival path arrival in zenith closest to one or more of a first arrival path in delay or a LOS path; the measurement configuration includes an indication of a first RS for measurement of the reference path and a second RS for measurement of the sensing path, where the first RS and the second RS include identical RSs or different RSs; the measurement configuration includes an indication of a first TP of the first RS and a second TP of the second RS, and where the first TP and the second TP include identical TPs or different TPs; the measurement configuration includes an indication of one or more of: a first measurement time reference for measurement of the reference path and a second measurement time reference for measurement of the sensing path, where the first measurement time reference for measurement and the second measurement time reference for measurement are identical or different; a first measurement frequency reference for measurement of the reference path and a second measurement frequency reference for measurement of the sensing path, where the first measurement frequency reference for measurement and the second measurement frequency reference for measurement are identical or different.

[0241] Additionally, the UE 1200 may be configured to support any one or combination of where a first measurement phase reference for measurement of the reference path and a second measurement phase reference for measurement of the sensing path, where the first measurement phase reference for measurement and the second measurement phase reference for measurement are identical or different; or a first measurement ARP reference for measurement of the reference path and second measurement ARP reference for measurement of the sensing path, where the first measurement ARP reference for measurement and the second measurement ARP reference for measurement are identical or different; the measurement configuration further includes an indication of a computation model for measurement of one or more of CP or CPD of the reference path and the sensing path. Attorney Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCT 81

[0242] Additionally, the UE 1200 may be configured to support any one or combination of where the measurement configuration further includes measurement configuration attributes including at least one of one or more associated TPs, one or more associated sensing signals, one or more measurement time references, one or more measurement frequency references, one or more ARPs, or one or more computation models for measurement of the CPD of the reference path and the sensing path, and where instances of the measurement configuration attributes are one or more of: indicated implicitly or explicitly to the sensing measurement apparatus by a sensing controller apparatus; determined, at least in part, autonomously by the sensing measurement apparatus and reported to the sensing controller apparatus; assumed to be identical for measurements of the reference path and the sensing by which the CPD is measured; one or more of not indicated as part of the measurement configuration, not determined by the sensing measurement apparatus, or not included in the measurement report; determined, by the sensing controller apparatus, based on one or more of an on-demand configuration requested by the sensing measurement apparatus or a measurement report transmitted by the sensing measurement apparatus to the sensing controller apparatus; or combinations thereof.

[0243] Additionally, the UE 1200 may be configured to support any one or combination of where measurement of the CPD associated with the reference path and the sensing path is further associated with a first measurement, and where the first measurement includes one or more of: RSTD of two or more paths; RTOA of two or more paths; reception-to-transmission time difference; one or more of AoA measurement or ZoA measurement of a path; one or more of AoA difference or ZoA difference of two or more paths; doppler shift measurement of a path; or measurement of doppler shift difference of two or more paths; configuring the measurement of the CPD and the first measurement jointly; performing the measurement of the CPD and the first measurement includes using one or more of: an identical set of sensing RSs; an identical set of TPs; an identical set of reference paths; an identical set of sensing paths; or one or more of a same set of time reference points, a same set of frequency reference points, or a same set of ARPs; one or more of jointly receiving configuration of or jointly reporting, via a common message, the measurement report and the first measurement; performing joint reporting of the measurement report and the first measurement, and where the joint reporting utilizes a joint codebook for reporting the measurement report and the first measurement. Attorney Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCT 82

[0244] Additionally, or alternatively, the UE 1200 may support at least one memory (e.g., the memory 1204) and at least one processor (e.g., the processor 1202) coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the UE to transmit a measurement configuration for measuring a reference path and a sensing path, the measurement configuration including an indication for measurement of a CPD associated with the reference path and the sensing path; transmit a reporting configuration associated with the measurement configuration; and receive a measurement report including a measured CPD value based at least in part on the reporting configuration.

[0245] Additionally, the UE 1200 may be configured to support any one or combination of where the measurement configuration includes an indication of one or more of the sensing path or the reference path, and the indication of the one or more of the sensing path or the reference path includes one or more of an indication of a previously detected path, a previously reported path, or a path determined by the sensing measurement apparatus; the indication of the one or more of the sensing path or the reference path measurement includes an indication of a LOS condition or first arrival path; the CPD associated with the reference path and the sensing path includes RSCPDPQ; the measurement configuration includes a path indication of one or more of the reference path or the sensing path, and the path indication includes one or more of: one or more path descriptions; one or more path IDs; one or more of an object ID or a reflector ID associated to a path; one or more of a signal ID or an RS ID from which a previously detected or reported path has been observed; one or more path numbers or path order numbers; or a path ordering logic; the one or more path IDs include one or more path IDs for one or more identified paths that are one or more of previously measured or previously defined by a sensing measurement apparatus, and where the one or more path IDs are associated with one or more RS via which the sensing measurement apparatus measured the identified one or more paths.

[0246] Additionally, the UE 1200 may be configured to support any one or combination of where the sensing path ordering logic includes one or more of an order of arrival path in delay, an order of arrival path arrival in zenith closest to one or more of a first arrival path in delay or a LOS path; the measurement configuration includes an indication of a first RS for measurement of the reference path and a second RS for measurement of the sensing path, where the first RS and the second RS include identical RSs or different RSs; the measurement configuration includes an indication of a first TP of the first RS and a second TP of the second RS, and where the first TP and Attorney Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCT 83 the second TP include identical TPs or different TPs; the measurement configuration includes an indication of one or more of: a first measurement time reference for measurement of the reference path and a second measurement time reference for measurement of the sensing path, where the first measurement time reference for measurement and the second measurement time reference for measurement are identical or different; a first measurement frequency reference for measurement of the reference path and a second measurement frequency reference for measurement of the sensing path, where the first measurement frequency reference for measurement and the second measurement frequency reference for measurement are identical or different; a first measurement phase reference for measurement of the reference path and a second measurement phase reference for measurement of the sensing path, where the first measurement phase reference for measurement and the second measurement phase reference for measurement are identical or different; or a first measurement ARP reference for measurement of the reference path and second measurement ARP reference for measurement of the sensing path, where the first measurement ARP reference for measurement and the second measurement ARP reference for measurement are identical or different.

[0247] Additionally, the UE 1200 may be configured to support any one or combination of where the measurement configuration further includes indication of a computation model for measurement of one or more of CP or CPD of the reference path and the sensing path; the measurement configuration further includes measurement configuration attributes including at least one of one or more associated TPs, one or more associated sensing signals, one or more measurement time references, one or more measurement frequency references, one or more ARPs, or one or more computation models for measurement of the CPD of the reference path and the sensing path, and where instances of the measurement configuration attributes are one or more of: indicated implicitly or explicitly to the sensing measurement apparatus by the sensing controller apparatus; determined, at least in part, autonomously by the sensing measurement apparatus and reported to the sensing controller apparatus; assumed to be identical for measurements of the reference path and the sensing by which the CPD is measured; one or more of not indicated as part of the measurement configuration, not determined by the sensing measurement apparatus, or not included in the measurement report; determined, by the sensing controller apparatus, based on one or more of an on-demand configuration requested by the sensing measurement apparatus or a Attorney Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCT 84 measurement report transmitted by the sensing measurement apparatus to the sensing controller apparatus; or combinations thereof.

[0248] Additionally, the UE 1200 may be configured to support any one or combination of where measurement of the CPD associated with the reference path and the sensing path is further associated with a first measurement, and where the first measurement includes one or more of: RSTD of two or more paths; RTOA of two or more paths; reception-to-transmission time difference; one or more of AoA measurement or ZoA measurement of a path; one or more of AoA difference or ZoA difference of two or more paths; doppler shift measurement of a path; or measurement of doppler shift difference of two or more paths; the at least one processor is configured to cause the sensing controller apparatus to receive a joint report including a common message including the measurement report and the first measurement; the joint report is based at least in part on a joint codebook for reporting the measurement report and the first measurement.

[0249] The controller 1206 may manage input and output signals for the UE 1200. The controller 1206 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the UE 1200. In some implementations, the controller 1206 may utilize an operating system such as iOS®, ANDROID®, WINDOWS®, or other operating systems. In some implementations, the controller 1206 may be implemented as part of the processor 1202.

[0250] In some implementations, the UE 1200 may include at least one transceiver 1208. In some other implementations, the UE 1200 may have more than one transceiver 1208. The transceiver 1208 may represent a wireless transceiver. The transceiver 1208 may include one or more receiver chains 1210, one or more transmitter chains 1212, or a combination thereof.

[0251] A receiver chain 1210 may be configured to receive signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) over a wireless medium. For example, the receiver chain 1210 may include one or more antennas to receive a signal over the air or wireless medium. The receiver chain 1210 may include at least one amplifier (e.g., a low-noise amplifier (LNA)) configured to amplify the received signal. The receiver chain 1210 may include at least one demodulator configured to demodulate the receive signal and obtain the transmitted data by reversing the modulation technique applied during transmission of the signal. The receiver chain 1210 may include at least one decoder for decoding the demodulated signal to receive the transmitted data. Attorney Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCT 85

[0252] A transmitter chain 1212 may be configured to generate and transmit signals (e.g., control information, data, packets). The transmitter chain 1212 may include at least one modulator for modulating data onto a carrier signal, preparing the signal for transmission over a wireless medium. The at least one modulator may be configured to support one or more techniques such as amplitude modulation (AM), frequency modulation (FM), or digital modulation schemes like phase-shift keying (PSK) or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM). The transmitter chain 1212 may also include at least one power amplifier configured to amplify the modulated signal to an appropriate power level suitable for transmission over the wireless medium. The transmitter chain 1212 may also include one or more antennas for transmitting the amplified signal into the air or wireless medium.

[0253] Figure 13 illustrates an example of a processor 1300 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The processor 1300 may be an example of a processor configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 1300 may include a controller 1302 configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 1300 may optionally include at least one memory 1304, which may be, for example, an L1 / L2 / L3 cache. Additionally, or alternatively, the processor 1300 may optionally include one or more arithmetic-logic units (ALUs) 1306. One or more of these components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses).

[0254] The processor 1300 may be a processor chipset and include a protocol stack (e.g., a software stack) executed by the processor chipset to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor chipset may include one or more cores, one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 1300) or other memory (e.g., random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronous dynamic RAM (SDRAM), static RAM (SRAM), ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM), magnetic RAM (MRAM), resistive RAM (RRAM), flash memory, phase change memory (PCM), and others).

[0255] The controller 1302 may be configured to manage and coordinate various operations (e.g., signaling, receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, Attorney Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCT 86 determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) of the processor 1300 to cause the processor 1300 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. For example, the controller 1302 may operate as a control unit of the processor 1300, generating control signals that manage the operation of various components of the processor 1300. These control signals include enabling or disabling functional units, selecting data paths, initiating memory access, and coordinating timing of operations.

[0256] The controller 1302 may be configured to fetch (e.g., obtain, retrieve, receive) instructions from the memory 1304 and determine subsequent instruction(s) to be executed to cause the processor 1300 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The controller 1302 may be configured to track memory addresses of instructions associated with the memory 1304. The controller 1302 may be configured to decode instructions to determine the operation to be performed and the operands involved. For example, the controller 1302 may be configured to interpret the instruction and determine control signals to be output to other components of the processor 1300 to cause the processor 1300 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. Additionally, or alternatively, the controller 1302 may be configured to manage flow of data within the processor 1300. The controller 1302 may be configured to control transfer of data between registers, ALUs 1306, and other functional units of the processor 1300.

[0257] The memory 1304 may include one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor 1300 or other memory, such as RAM, ROM, DRAM, SDRAM, SRAM, MRAM, flash memory, etc. In some implementations, the memory 1304 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., local to the processor 1300). In some other implementations, the memory 1304 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., remote to the processor 1300).

[0258] The memory 1304 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 1300, cause the processor 1300 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. The controller 1302 and / or the processor 1300 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in the memory 1304 to cause the processor 1300 to perform various functions. For example, the processor 1300 and / or the controller 1302 may be coupled with or to the memory 1304, the processor 1300, and the controller Attorney Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCT 87 1302, and may be configured to perform various functions described herein. In some examples, the processor 1300 may include multiple processors and the memory 1304 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions herein.

[0259] The one or more ALUs 1306 may be configured to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, the one or more ALUs 1306 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., the processor 1300). In some other implementations, the one or more ALUs 1306 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 1300). One or more ALUs 1306 may perform one or more computations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division on data. For example, one or more ALUs 1306 may receive input operands and an operation code, which determines an operation to be executed. One or more ALUs 1306 may be configured with a variety of logical and arithmetic circuits, including adders, subtractors, shifters, and logic gates, to process and manipulate the data according to the operation. Additionally, or alternatively, the one or more ALUs 1306 may support logical operations such as AND, OR, exclusive-OR (XOR), not-OR (NOR), and not-AND (NAND), enabling the one or more ALUs 1306 to handle conditional operations, comparisons, and bitwise operations.

[0260] The processor 1300 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 1300 may be configured to or operable to support at least one controller (e.g., the controller 1302) coupled with at least one memory (e.g., the memory 1304) and configured to cause the processor to receive a measurement configuration for measuring a reference path and a sensing path, the measurement configuration including an indication for measurement of a CPD associated with the reference path and the sensing path; receive a reporting configuration associated with the measurement configuration; measure the CPD based at least in part on the sensing path and the reference path; and report a measurement report including a measured CPD value based at least in part on the reporting configuration.

[0261] Additionally, the processor 1300 may be configured to or operable to support any one or combination of where the measurement configuration includes an indication of one or more of the sensing path or the reference path, and the indication of the one or more of the sensing path or the reference path includes one or more of an indication of a previously detected path, a previously Attorney Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCT 88 reported path, or a path determined by the sensing measurement apparatus; the indication of the one or more of the sensing path or the reference path measurement includes an indication of a LOS condition or first arrival path; the CPD associated with the reference path and the sensing path includes RSCPDPQ; the sensing measurement apparatus includes one or more of a UE, a PRU, a gNB, or a TRP; the measurement configuration includes a path indication of one or more of the reference path or the sensing path, and the path indication includes one or more of: one or more path descriptions; one or more path IDs; one or more of an object ID or a reflector ID associated to a path; one or more of a signal ID or an RS ID from which a previously detected or reported path has been observed; one or more path numbers or path order numbers; or a path ordering logic.

[0262] Additionally, the processor 1300 may be configured to or operable to support any one or combination of where the one or more path IDs include one or more path IDs for one or more identified paths that are one or more of previously measured or previously defined by the processor, and where the one or more path IDs are associated with one or more RS via which the sensing measurement apparatus measured the identified one or more paths; the path ordering logic includes one or more of an order of arrival path in delay, an order of arrival path arrival in zenith closest to one or more of a first arrival path in delay or a LOS path; the measurement configuration includes an indication of a first RS for measurement of the reference path and a second RS for measurement of the sensing path, where the first RS and the second RS include identical RSs or different RSs; the measurement configuration includes an indication of a first TP of the first RS and a second TP of the second RS, and where the first TP and the second TP include identical TPs or different TPs; the measurement configuration includes an indication of one or more of: a first measurement time reference for measurement of the reference path and a second measurement time reference for measurement of the sensing path, where the first measurement time reference for measurement and the second measurement time reference for measurement are identical or different.

[0263] Additionally, the processor 1300 may be configured to or operable to support any one or combination of where a first measurement frequency reference for measurement of the reference path and a second measurement frequency reference for measurement of the sensing path, where the first measurement frequency reference for measurement and the second measurement frequency reference for measurement are identical or different; a first measurement phase reference for measurement of the reference path and a second measurement phase reference for measurement of Attorney Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCT 89 the sensing path, where the first measurement phase reference for measurement and the second measurement phase reference for measurement are identical or different; or a first measurement ARP reference for measurement of the reference path and second measurement ARP reference for measurement of the sensing path, where the first measurement ARP reference for measurement and the second measurement ARP reference for measurement are identical or different; the measurement configuration further includes an indication of a computation model for measurement of one or more of CP or CPD of the reference path and the sensing path.

[0264] Additionally, the processor 1300 may be configured to or operable to support any one or combination of where the measurement configuration further includes measurement configuration attributes including at least one of one or more associated TPs, one or more associated sensing signals, one or more measurement time references, one or more measurement frequency references, one or more ARPs, or one or more computation models for measurement of the CPD of the reference path and the sensing path, and where instances of the measurement configuration attributes are one or more of: indicated implicitly or explicitly to the processor by a sensing controller apparatus; determined, at least in part, autonomously by the processor and reported to the sensing controller apparatus; assumed to be identical for measurements of the reference path and the sensing by which the CPD is measured; one or more of not indicated as part of the measurement configuration, not determined by the processor, or not included in the measurement report; determined, by the processor, based on one or more of an on-demand configuration requested by the sensing measurement apparatus or a measurement report transmitted by the processor to the sensing controller apparatus; or combinations thereof.

[0265] Additionally, the processor 1300 may be configured to or operable to support any one or combination of where the measurement of the CPD associated with the reference path and the sensing path is further associated with a first measurement, and where the first measurement includes one or more of: RSTD of two or more paths; RTOA of two or more paths; reception-to- transmission time difference; one or more of AoA measurement or ZoA measurement of a path; one or more of AoA difference or ZoA difference of two or more paths; doppler shift measurement of a path; or measurement of doppler shift difference of two or more paths; the at least one controller is configured to cause the processor to configure the measurement of the CPD and the first measurement jointly; to perform the measurement of the CPD and the first measurement, the at least Attorney Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCT 90 one controller is configured to cause the processor to use one or more of: an identical set of sensing RSs; an identical set of TPs; an identical set of reference paths; an identical set of sensing paths; or one or more of a same set of time reference points, a same set of frequency reference points, or a same set of ARPs; the at least one controller is configured to cause the processor to one or more of jointly receive configuration of or jointly report, via a common message, the measurement report and the first measurement; the at least one controller is configured to cause the processor to perform joint reporting of the measurement report and the first measurement, and where the joint reporting utilizes a joint codebook for reporting the measurement report and the first measurement.

[0266] The processor 1300 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 1300 may be configured to or operable to support at least one controller (e.g., the controller 1302) coupled with at least one memory (e.g., the memory 1304) and configured to cause the processor to transmit a measurement configuration for measuring a reference path and a sensing path, the measurement configuration including an indication for measurement of a CPD associated with the reference path and the sensing path; transmit a reporting configuration associated with the measurement configuration; and receive a measurement report including a measured CPD value based at least in part on the reporting configuration.

[0267] Additionally, the processor 1300 may be configured to or operable to support any one or combination of where the measurement configuration includes an indication of one or more of the sensing path or the reference path, and the indication of the one or more of the sensing path or the reference path includes one or more of an indication of a previously detected path, a previously reported path, or a path determined by the processor; the indication of the one or more of the sensing path or the reference path measurement includes an indication of a LOS condition or first arrival path; the CPD associated with the reference path and the sensing path includes RSCPDPQ; the measurement configuration includes a path indication of one or more of the reference path or the sensing path, and the path indication includes one or more of: one or more path descriptions; one or more path IDs; one or more of an object ID or a reflector ID associated to a path; one or more of a signal ID or an RS ID from which a previously detected or reported path has been observed; one or more path numbers or path order numbers; or a path ordering logic; the one or more path IDs include one or more path IDs for one or more identified paths that are one or more of previously measured or previously defined by a sensing measurement apparatus, and where the one or more Attorney Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCT 91 path IDs are associated with one or more RS via which the sensing measurement apparatus measured the identified one or more paths.

[0268] Additionally, the processor 1300 may be configured to or operable to support any one or combination of where the sensing path ordering logic includes one or more of an order of arrival path in delay, an order of arrival path arrival in zenith closest to one or more of a first arrival path in delay or a LOS path; the measurement configuration includes an indication of a first RS for measurement of the reference path and a second RS for measurement of the sensing path, where the first RS and the second RS include identical RSs or different RSs; the measurement configuration includes an indication of a first TP of the first RS and a second TP of the second RS, and where the first TP and the second TP include identical TPs or different TPs; the measurement configuration includes an indication of one or more of: a first measurement time reference for measurement of the reference path and a second measurement time reference for measurement of the sensing path, where the first measurement time reference for measurement and the second measurement time reference for measurement are identical or different.

[0269] Additionally, the processor 1300 may be configured to or operable to support any one or combination of where a first measurement frequency reference for measurement of the reference path and a second measurement frequency reference for measurement of the sensing path, where the first measurement frequency reference for measurement and the second measurement frequency reference for measurement are identical or different; a first measurement phase reference for measurement of the reference path and a second measurement phase reference for measurement of the sensing path, where the first measurement phase reference for measurement and the second measurement phase reference for measurement are identical or different; or a first measurement ARP reference for measurement of the reference path and second measurement ARP reference for measurement of the sensing path, where the first measurement ARP reference for measurement and the second measurement ARP reference for measurement are identical or different; the measurement configuration further includes indication of a computation model for measurement of one or more of CP or CPD of the reference path and the sensing path.

[0270] Additionally, the processor 1300 may be configured to or operable to support any one or combination of where the measurement configuration further includes measurement configuration attributes including at least one of one or more associated TPs, one or more associated sensing Attorney Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCT 92 signals, one or more measurement time references, one or more measurement frequency references, one or more ARPs, or one or more computation models for measurement of the CPD of the reference path and the sensing path, and where instances of the measurement configuration attributes are one or more of: indicated implicitly or explicitly to the sensing measurement apparatus by the processor; determined, at least in part, autonomously by the sensing measurement apparatus and reported to the processor; assumed to be identical for measurements of the reference path and the sensing by which the CPD is measured; one or more of not indicated as part of the measurement configuration, not determined by the sensing measurement apparatus, or not included in the measurement report; determined, by the processor, based on one or more of an on-demand configuration requested by the sensing measurement apparatus or a measurement report transmitted by the sensing measurement apparatus to the processor; or combinations thereof.

[0271] Additionally, the processor 1300 may be configured to or operable to support any one or combination of where measurement of the CPD associated with the reference path and the sensing path is further associated with a first measurement, and where the first measurement includes one or more of: RSTD of two or more paths; RTOA of two or more paths; reception-to-transmission time difference; one or more of AoA measurement or ZoA measurement of a path; one or more of AoA difference or ZoA difference of two or more paths; doppler shift measurement of a path; or measurement of doppler shift difference of two or more paths; the at least one controller is configured to cause the processor to receive a joint report including a common message including the measurement report and the first measurement; the joint report is based at least in part on a joint codebook for reporting the measurement report and the first measurement.

[0272] Figure 14 illustrates an example of a NE 1400 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The NE 1400 may include a processor 1402, a memory 1404, a controller 1406, and a transceiver 1408. The processor 1402, the memory 1404, the controller 1406, or the transceiver 1408, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of the present disclosure as described herein. These components may be coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces.

[0273] The processor 1402, the memory 1404, the controller 1406, or the transceiver 1408, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., circuitry). The Attorney Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCT 93 hardware may include a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or other programmable logic device, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure.

[0274] The processor 1402 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA, or any combination thereof). In some implementations, the processor 1402 may be configured to operate the memory 1404. In some other implementations, the memory 1404 may be integrated into the processor 1402. The processor 1402 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in the memory 1404 to cause the NE 1400 to perform various functions of the present disclosure.

[0275] The memory 1404 may include volatile or non-volatile memory. The memory 1404 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions when executed by the processor 1402 cause the NE 1400 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as the memory 1404 or another type of memory. Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer.

[0276] In some implementations, the processor 1402 and the memory 1404 coupled with the processor 1402 may be configured to cause the NE 1400 to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., executing, by the processor 1402, instructions stored in the memory 1404).

[0277] For example, the processor 1402 may support wireless communication at the NE 1400 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The NE 1400 may be configured to or operable to support a means for receiving a measurement configuration for measuring a reference path and a sensing path, the measurement configuration including an indication for measurement of a CPD associated with the reference path and the sensing path; receiving a reporting configuration associated with the measurement configuration; measuring the CPD based at least in part on the sensing path and the reference path; and reporting a measurement report including a measured CPD value based at least in part on the reporting configuration. Attorney Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCT 94

[0278] Additionally, the NE 1400 may be configured to or operable to support any one or combination of where the measurement configuration includes an indication of one or more of the sensing path or the reference path, and the indication of the one or more of the sensing path or the reference path includes one or more of an indication of a previously detected path, a previously reported path, or a path determined by the sensing measurement apparatus; the indication of the one or more of the sensing path or the reference path measurement includes an indication of a LOS condition or first arrival path; the CPD associated with the reference path and the sensing path includes RSCPDPQ; the sensing measurement apparatus includes one or more of a UE, a PRU, a gNB, or a TRP; the measurement configuration includes a path indication of one or more of the reference path or the sensing path, and the path indication includes one or more of: one or more path descriptions; one or more path IDs; one or more of an object ID or a reflector ID associated to a path; one or more of a signal ID or an RS ID from which a previously detected or reported path has been observed; one or more path numbers or path order numbers; or a path ordering logic; the one or more path IDs include one or more path IDs for one or more identified paths that are one or more of previously measured or previously defined by the sensing measurement apparatus, and where the one or more path IDs are associated with one or more RS via which the sensing measurement apparatus measured the identified one or more paths.

[0279] Additionally, the NE 1400 may be configured to or operable to support any one or combination of where the path ordering logic includes one or more of an order of arrival path in delay, an order of arrival path arrival in zenith closest to one or more of a first arrival path in delay or a LOS path; the measurement configuration includes an indication of a first RS for measurement of the reference path and a second RS for measurement of the sensing path, where the first RS and the second RS include identical RSs or different RSs; the measurement configuration includes an indication of a first TP of the first RS and a second TP of the second RS, and where the first TP and the second TP include identical TPs or different TPs; the measurement configuration includes an indication of one or more of: a first measurement time reference for measurement of the reference path and a second measurement time reference for measurement of the sensing path, where the first measurement time reference for measurement and the second measurement time reference for measurement are identical or different; a first measurement frequency reference for measurement of the reference path and a second measurement frequency reference for measurement of the sensing Attorney Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCT 95 path, where the first measurement frequency reference for measurement and the second measurement frequency reference for measurement are identical or different.

[0280] Additionally, the NE 1400 may be configured to or operable to support any one or combination of where a first measurement phase reference for measurement of the reference path and a second measurement phase reference for measurement of the sensing path, where the first measurement phase reference for measurement and the second measurement phase reference for measurement are identical or different; or a first measurement ARP reference for measurement of the reference path and second measurement ARP reference for measurement of the sensing path, where the first measurement ARP reference for measurement and the second measurement ARP reference for measurement are identical or different; the measurement configuration further includes an indication of a computation model for measurement of one or more of CP or CPD of the reference path and the sensing path.

[0281] Additionally, the NE 1400 may be configured to or operable to support any one or combination of where the measurement configuration further includes measurement configuration attributes including at least one of one or more associated TPs, one or more associated sensing signals, one or more measurement time references, one or more measurement frequency references, one or more ARPs, or one or more computation models for measurement of the CPD of the reference path and the sensing path, and where instances of the measurement configuration attributes are one or more of: indicated implicitly or explicitly to the sensing measurement apparatus by a sensing controller apparatus; determined, at least in part, autonomously by the sensing measurement apparatus and reported to the sensing controller apparatus; assumed to be identical for measurements of the reference path and the sensing by which the CPD is measured; one or more of not indicated as part of the measurement configuration, not determined by the sensing measurement apparatus, or not included in the measurement report; determined, by the sensing controller apparatus, based on one or more of an on-demand configuration requested by the sensing measurement apparatus or a measurement report transmitted by the sensing measurement apparatus to the sensing controller apparatus; or combinations thereof.

[0282] Additionally, the NE 1400 may be configured to or operable to support any one or combination of where measurement of the CPD associated with the reference path and the sensing path is further associated with a first measurement, and where the first measurement includes one or Attorney Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCT 96 more of: RSTD of two or more paths; RTOA of two or more paths; reception-to-transmission time difference; one or more of AoA measurement or ZoA measurement of a path; one or more of AoA difference or ZoA difference of two or more paths; doppler shift measurement of a path; or measurement of doppler shift difference of two or more paths; configuring the measurement of the CPD and the first measurement jointly; performing the measurement of the CPD and the first measurement includes using one or more of: an identical set of sensing RSs; an identical set of TPs; an identical set of reference paths; an identical set of sensing paths; or one or more of a same set of time reference points, a same set of frequency reference points, or a same set of ARPs; one or more of jointly receiving configuration of or jointly reporting, via a common message, the measurement report and the first measurement; performing joint reporting of the measurement report and the first measurement, and where the joint reporting utilizes a joint codebook for reporting the measurement report and the first measurement.

[0283] Additionally, or alternatively, the NE 1400 may support at least one memory (e.g., the memory 1404) and at least one processor (e.g., the processor 1402) coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the NE to receive a measurement configuration for measuring a reference path and a sensing path, the measurement configuration including an indication for measurement of a CPD associated with the reference path and the sensing path; receive a reporting configuration associated with the measurement configuration; measure the CPD based at least in part on the sensing path and the reference path; and report a measurement report including a measured CPD value based at least in part on the reporting configuration.

[0284] Additionally, the NE 1400 may be configured to support any one or combination of where the measurement configuration includes an indication of one or more of the sensing path or the reference path, and the indication of the one or more of the sensing path or the reference path includes one or more of an indication of a previously detected path, a previously reported path, or a path determined by the sensing measurement apparatus; the indication of the one or more of the sensing path or the reference path measurement includes an indication of a LOS condition or first arrival path; the CPD associated with the reference path and the sensing path includes RSCPDPQ; the sensing measurement apparatus includes one or more of a UE, a PRU, a gNB, or a TRP; the measurement configuration includes a path indication of one or more of the reference path or the sensing path, and the path indication includes one or more of: one or more path descriptions; one or Attorney Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCT 97 more path IDs; one or more of an object ID or a reflector ID associated to a path; one or more of a signal ID or an RS ID from which a previously detected or reported path has been observed; one or more path numbers or path order numbers; or a path ordering logic.

[0285] Additionally, the NE 1400 may be configured to support any one or combination of where the one or more path IDs include one or more path IDs for one or more identified paths that are one or more of previously measured or previously defined by the sensing measurement apparatus, and where the one or more path IDs are associated with one or more RS via which the sensing measurement apparatus measured the identified one or more paths; the path ordering logic includes one or more of an order of arrival path in delay, an order of arrival path arrival in zenith closest to one or more of a first arrival path in delay or a LOS path; the measurement configuration includes an indication of a first RS for measurement of the reference path and a second RS for measurement of the sensing path, where the first RS and the second RS include identical RSs or different RSs; the measurement configuration includes an indication of a first TP of the first RS and a second TP of the second RS, and where the first TP and the second TP include identical TPs or different TPs.

[0286] Additionally, the NE 1400 may be configured to support any one or combination of where the measurement configuration includes an indication of one or more of: a first measurement time reference for measurement of the reference path and a second measurement time reference for measurement of the sensing path, where the first measurement time reference for measurement and the second measurement time reference for measurement are identical or different; a first measurement frequency reference for measurement of the reference path and a second measurement frequency reference for measurement of the sensing path, where the first measurement frequency reference for measurement and the second measurement frequency reference for measurement are identical or different; a first measurement phase reference for measurement of the reference path and a second measurement phase reference for measurement of the sensing path, where the first measurement phase reference for measurement and the second measurement phase reference for measurement are identical or different; or a first measurement ARP reference for measurement of the reference path and second measurement ARP reference for measurement of the sensing path, where the first measurement ARP reference for measurement and the second measurement ARP reference for measurement are identical or different. Attorney Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCT 98

[0287] Additionally, the NE 1400 may be configured to support any one or combination of where the measurement configuration further includes an indication of a computation model for measurement of one or more of CP or CPD of the reference path and the sensing path; the measurement configuration further includes measurement configuration attributes including at least one of one or more associated TPs, one or more associated sensing signals, one or more measurement time references, one or more measurement frequency references, one or more ARPs, or one or more computation models for measurement of the CPD of the reference path and the sensing path, and where instances of the measurement configuration attributes are one or more of: indicated implicitly or explicitly to the sensing measurement apparatus by a sensing controller apparatus; determined, at least in part, autonomously by the sensing measurement apparatus and reported to the sensing controller apparatus; assumed to be identical for measurements of the reference path and the sensing by which the CPD is measured; one or more of not indicated as part of the measurement configuration, not determined by the sensing measurement apparatus, or not included in the measurement report; determined, by the sensing controller apparatus, based on one or more of an on-demand configuration requested by the sensing measurement apparatus or a measurement report transmitted by the sensing measurement apparatus to the sensing controller apparatus; or combinations thereof.

[0288] Additionally, the NE 1400 may be configured to support any one or combination of where measurement of the CPD associated with the reference path and the sensing path is further associated with a first measurement, and where the first measurement includes one or more of: RSTD of two or more paths; RTOA of two or more paths; reception-to-transmission time difference; one or more of AoA measurement or ZoA measurement of a path; one or more of AoA difference or ZoA difference of two or more paths; doppler shift measurement of a path; or measurement of doppler shift difference of two or more paths; the at least one processor is configured to cause the sensing measurement apparatus to configure the measurement of the CPD and the first measurement jointly; to perform the measurement of the CPD and the first measurement, the at least one processor is configured to cause the sensing measurement apparatus to use one or more of: an identical set of sensing RSs; an identical set of TPs; an identical set of reference paths; an identical set of sensing paths; or one or more of a same set of time reference points, a same set of frequency reference points, or a same set of ARPs; the at least one processor is Attorney Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCT 99 configured to cause the sensing measurement apparatus to one or more of jointly receive configuration of or jointly report, via a common message, the measurement report and the first measurement; the at least one processor is configured to cause the sensing measurement apparatus to perform joint reporting of the measurement report and the first measurement, and where the joint reporting utilizes a joint codebook for reporting the measurement report and the first measurement.

[0289] For example, the processor 1402 may support wireless communication at the NE 1400 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The NE 1400 may be configured to or operable to support a means for transmitting a measurement configuration for measuring a reference path and a sensing path, the measurement configuration including an indication for measurement of a CPD associated with the reference path and the sensing path; transmitting a reporting configuration associated with the measurement configuration; and receiving a measurement report including a measured CPD value based at least in part on the reporting configuration.

[0290] Additionally, the NE 1400 may be configured to or operable to support any one or combination of where the measurement configuration includes an indication of one or more of the sensing path or the reference path, and the indication of the one or more of the sensing path or the reference path includes one or more of an indication of a previously detected path, a previously reported path, or a path determined by the sensing measurement apparatus; the indication of the one or more of the sensing path or the reference path measurement includes an indication of a LOS condition or first arrival path; the CPD associated with the reference path and the sensing path includes RSCPDPQ; the measurement configuration includes a path indication of one or more of the reference path or the sensing path, and the path indication includes one or more of: one or more path descriptions; one or more path IDs; one or more of an object ID or a reflector ID associated to a path; one or more of a signal ID or an RS ID from which a previously detected or reported path has been observed; one or more path numbers or path order numbers; or a path ordering logic.

[0291] Additionally, the NE 1400 may be configured to or operable to support any one or combination of where the one or more path IDs include one or more path IDs for one or more identified paths that are one or more of previously measured or previously defined by a sensing measurement apparatus, and where the one or more path IDs are associated with one or more RS via which the sensing measurement apparatus measured the identified one or more paths; the sensing path ordering logic includes one or more of an order of arrival path in delay, an order of arrival path Attorney Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCT 100 arrival in zenith closest to one or more of a first arrival path in delay or a LOS path; the measurement configuration includes an indication of a first RS for measurement of the reference path and a second RS for measurement of the sensing path, where the first RS and the second RS include identical RSs or different RSs; the measurement configuration includes an indication of a first TP of the first RS and a second TP of the second RS, and where the first TP and the second TP include identical TPs or different TPs.

[0292] Additionally, the NE 1400 may be configured to or operable to support any one or combination of where the measurement configuration includes an indication of one or more of: a first measurement time reference for measurement of the reference path and a second measurement time reference for measurement of the sensing path, where the first measurement time reference for measurement and the second measurement time reference for measurement are identical or different; a first measurement frequency reference for measurement of the reference path and a second measurement frequency reference for measurement of the sensing path, where the first measurement frequency reference for measurement and the second measurement frequency reference for measurement are identical or different; a first measurement phase reference for measurement of the reference path and a second measurement phase reference for measurement of the sensing path, where the first measurement phase reference for measurement and the second measurement phase reference for measurement are identical or different; or a first measurement ARP reference for measurement of the reference path and second measurement ARP reference for measurement of the sensing path, where the first measurement ARP reference for measurement and the second measurement ARP reference for measurement are identical or different.

[0293] Additionally, the NE 1400 may be configured to or operable to support any one or combination of where the measurement configuration further includes indication of a computation model for measurement of one or more of CP or CPD of the reference path and the sensing path; the measurement configuration further includes measurement configuration attributes including at least one of one or more associated TPs, one or more associated sensing signals, one or more measurement time references, one or more measurement frequency references, one or more ARPs, or one or more computation models for measurement of the CPD of the reference path and the sensing path, and where instances of the measurement configuration attributes are one or more of: indicated implicitly or explicitly to the sensing measurement apparatus by the sensing controller Attorney Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCT 101 apparatus; determined, at least in part, autonomously by the sensing measurement apparatus and reported to the sensing controller apparatus; assumed to be identical for measurements of the reference path and the sensing by which the CPD is measured; one or more of not indicated as part of the measurement configuration, not determined by the sensing measurement apparatus, or not included in the measurement report; determined, by the sensing controller apparatus, based on one or more of an on-demand configuration requested by the sensing measurement apparatus or a measurement report transmitted by the sensing measurement apparatus to the sensing controller apparatus; or combinations thereof.

[0294] Additionally, the NE 1400 may be configured to or operable to support any one or combination of where measurement of the CPD associated with the reference path and the sensing path is further associated with a first measurement, and where the first measurement includes one or more of: RSTD of two or more paths; RTOA of two or more paths; reception-to-transmission time difference; one or more of AoA measurement or ZoA measurement of a path; one or more of AoA difference or ZoA difference of two or more paths; doppler shift measurement of a path; or measurement of doppler shift difference of two or more paths; receiving a joint report including a common message including the measurement report and the first measurement; the joint report is based at least in part on a joint codebook for reporting the measurement report and the first measurement.

[0295] Additionally, or alternatively, the NE 1400 may support at least one memory (e.g., the memory 1404) and at least one processor (e.g., the processor 1402) coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the NE to transmit a measurement configuration for measuring a reference path and a sensing path, the measurement configuration including an indication for measurement of a CPD associated with the reference path and the sensing path; transmit a reporting configuration associated with the measurement configuration; and receive a measurement report including a measured CPD value based at least in part on the reporting configuration.

[0296] Additionally, the NE 1400 may be configured to support any one or combination of where the measurement configuration includes an indication of one or more of the sensing path or Attorney Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCT 102 the reference path, and the indication of the one or more of the sensing path or the reference path includes one or more of an indication of a previously detected path, a previously reported path, or a path determined by the sensing measurement apparatus; the indication of the one or more of the sensing path or the reference path measurement includes an indication of a LOS condition or first arrival path; the CPD associated with the reference path and the sensing path includes RSCPDPQ; the measurement configuration includes a path indication of one or more of the reference path or the sensing path, and the path indication includes one or more of: one or more path descriptions; one or more path IDs; one or more of an object ID or a reflector ID associated to a path; one or more of a signal ID or an RS ID from which a previously detected or reported path has been observed; one or more path numbers or path order numbers; or a path ordering logic; the one or more path IDs include one or more path IDs for one or more identified paths that are one or more of previously measured or previously defined by a sensing measurement apparatus, and where the one or more path IDs are associated with one or more RS via which the sensing measurement apparatus measured the identified one or more paths.

[0297] Additionally, the NE 1400 may be configured to support any one or combination of where the sensing path ordering logic includes one or more of an order of arrival path in delay, an order of arrival path arrival in zenith closest to one or more of a first arrival path in delay or a LOS path; the measurement configuration includes an indication of a first RS for measurement of the reference path and a second RS for measurement of the sensing path, where the first RS and the second RS include identical RSs or different RSs; the measurement configuration includes an indication of a first TP of the first RS and a second TP of the second RS, and where the first TP and the second TP include identical TPs or different TPs; the measurement configuration includes an indication of one or more of: a first measurement time reference for measurement of the reference path and a second measurement time reference for measurement of the sensing path, where the first measurement time reference for measurement and the second measurement time reference for measurement are identical or different; a first measurement frequency reference for measurement of the reference path and a second measurement frequency reference for measurement of the sensing path, where the first measurement frequency reference for measurement and the second measurement frequency reference for measurement are identical or different; a first measurement phase reference for measurement of the reference path and a second measurement phase reference Attorney Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCT 103 for measurement of the sensing path, where the first measurement phase reference for measurement and the second measurement phase reference for measurement are identical or different; or a first measurement ARP reference for measurement of the reference path and second measurement ARP reference for measurement of the sensing path, where the first measurement ARP reference for measurement and the second measurement ARP reference for measurement are identical or different.

[0298] Additionally, the NE 1400 may be configured to support any one or combination of where the measurement configuration further includes indication of a computation model for measurement of one or more of CP or CPD of the reference path and the sensing path; the measurement configuration further includes measurement configuration attributes including at least one of one or more associated TPs, one or more associated sensing signals, one or more measurement time references, one or more measurement frequency references, one or more ARPs, or one or more computation models for measurement of the CPD of the reference path and the sensing path, and where instances of the measurement configuration attributes are one or more of: indicated implicitly or explicitly to the sensing measurement apparatus by the sensing controller apparatus; determined, at least in part, autonomously by the sensing measurement apparatus and reported to the sensing controller apparatus; assumed to be identical for measurements of the reference path and the sensing by which the CPD is measured; one or more of not indicated as part of the measurement configuration, not determined by the sensing measurement apparatus, or not included in the measurement report; determined, by the sensing controller apparatus, based on one or more of an on-demand configuration requested by the sensing measurement apparatus or a measurement report transmitted by the sensing measurement apparatus to the sensing controller apparatus; or combinations thereof.

[0299] Additionally, the NE 1400 may be configured to support any one or combination of where measurement of the CPD associated with the reference path and the sensing path is further associated with a first measurement, and where the first measurement includes one or more of: RSTD of two or more paths; RTOA of two or more paths; reception-to-transmission time difference; one or more of AoA measurement or ZoA measurement of a path; one or more of AoA difference or ZoA difference of two or more paths; doppler shift measurement of a path; or measurement of doppler shift difference of two or more paths; the at least one processor is Attorney Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCT 104 configured to cause the sensing controller apparatus to receive a joint report including a common message including the measurement report and the first measurement; the joint report is based at least in part on a joint codebook for reporting the measurement report and the first measurement.

[0300] The controller 1406 may manage input and output signals for the NE 1400. The controller 1406 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the NE 1400. In some implementations, the controller 1406 may utilize an operating system such as iOS®, ANDROID®, WINDOWS®, or other operating systems. In some implementations, the controller 1406 may be implemented as part of the processor 1402.

[0301] In some implementations, the NE 1400 may include at least one transceiver 1408. In some other implementations, the NE 1400 may have more than one transceiver 1408. The transceiver 1408 may represent a wireless transceiver. The transceiver 1408 may include one or more receiver chains 1410, one or more transmitter chains 1412, or a combination thereof.

[0302] A receiver chain 1410 may be configured to receive signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) over a wireless medium. For example, the receiver chain 1410 may include one or more antennas to receive a signal over the air or wireless medium. The receiver chain 1410 may include at least one amplifier (e.g., a low-noise amplifier (LNA)) configured to amplify the received signal. The receiver chain 1410 may include at least one demodulator configured to demodulate the receive signal and obtain the transmitted data by reversing the modulation technique applied during transmission of the signal. The receiver chain 1410 may include at least one decoder for decoding the demodulated signal to receive the transmitted data.

[0303] A transmitter chain 1412 may be configured to generate and transmit signals (e.g., control information, data, packets). The transmitter chain 1412 may include at least one modulator for modulating data onto a carrier signal, preparing the signal for transmission over a wireless medium. The at least one modulator may be configured to support one or more techniques such as amplitude modulation (AM), frequency modulation (FM), or digital modulation schemes like phase-shift keying (PSK) or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM). The transmitter chain 1412 may also include at least one power amplifier configured to amplify the modulated signal to an appropriate power level suitable for transmission over the wireless medium. The transmitter Attorney Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCT 105 chain 1412 may also include one or more antennas for transmitting the amplified signal into the air or wireless medium.

[0304] Figure 15 illustrates a flowchart of a method 1500 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method may be implemented by a NE and / or a UE as described herein. In some implementations, the NE and / or UE may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the NE and / or UE to perform the described functions. It should be noted that the method described herein describes a possible implementation, and that the operations and the steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and that other implementations are possible.

[0305] At 1502, the method may include receiving a measurement configuration for measuring a reference path and a sensing path, the measurement configuration including an indication for measurement of a CPD associated with the reference path and the sensing path. The operations of 1502 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1502 may be performed by a NE and / or UE as described with reference to Figure 12 and / or Figure 14.

[0306] At 1504, the method may include receiving a reporting configuration associated with the measurement configuration. The operations of 1504 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1504 may be performed by a NE and / or UE as described with reference to Figure 12 and / or Figure 14.

[0307] At 1506, the method may include measuring the CPD based at least in part on the sensing path and the reference path. The operations of 1506 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1506 may be performed by a NE and / or UE as described with reference to Figure 12 and / or Figure 14.

[0308] At 1508, the method may include reporting a measurement report including a measured CPD value based at least in part on the reporting configuration. The operations of 1508 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1508 may be performed by a NE and / or UE as described with reference to Figure 12 and / or Figure 14.

[0309] Figure 16 illustrates a flowchart of a method 1600 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method may be implemented by a NE and / or a UE as Attorney Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCT 106 described herein. In some implementations, the NE and / or UE may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the NE and / or UE to perform the described functions. It should be noted that the method described herein describes a possible implementation, and that the operations and the steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and that other implementations are possible.

[0310] At 1602, the method may include transmitting a measurement configuration for measuring a reference path and a sensing path, the measurement configuration including an indication for measurement of a CPD associated with the reference path and the sensing path. The operations of 1602 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1602 may be performed by a NE and / or UE as described with reference to Figure 12 and / or Figure 14.

[0311] At 1604, the method may include transmitting a reporting configuration associated with the measurement configuration. The operations of 1604 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1604 may be performed by a NE and / or UE as described with reference to Figure 12 and / or Figure 14.

[0312] At 1606, the method may include receiving a measurement report including a measured CPD value based at least in part on the reporting configuration. The operations of 1606 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1606 may be performed by a NE and / or UE as described with reference to Figure 12 and / or Figure 14.

[0313] The description herein is provided to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be apparent to a person having ordinary skill in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein. Attorney Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCT

Claims

Lenovo Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCT 107 CLAIMS What is claimed is:

1. A sensing measurement apparatus for wireless communication, comprising: at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the sensing measurement apparatus to: receive a measurement configuration for measuring a reference path and a sensing path, the measurement configuration comprising an indication for measurement of a Carrier Phase Difference (CPD) associated with the reference path and the sensing path; receive a reporting configuration associated with the measurement configuration; measure the CPD based at least in part on the sensing path and the reference path; and report a measurement report comprising a measured CPD value based at least in part on the reporting configuration.

2. The sensing measurement apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the measurement configuration comprises an indication of one or more of the sensing path or the reference path, and the indication of the one or more of the sensing path or the reference path comprises one or more of an indication of a previously detected path, a previously reported path, or a path determined by the sensing measurement apparatus; and an indication of the one or more of the sensing path or the reference path measurement comprises an indication of a Line of Sight (LOS) condition or first arrival path.

3. The sensing measurement apparatus of claim 1, wherein the CPD associated with the reference path and the sensing path comprises Reference Signal Carrier Phase Difference of Paths (RSCPDPQ). Attorney Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCT 108 4. The sensing measurement apparatus of claim 1, wherein the sensing measurement apparatus comprises one or more of a User Equipment (UE), a Positioning Reference Unit (PRU), a gNB, or a Transmission-Reception Point (TRP).

5. The sensing measurement apparatus of claim 1, wherein the measurement configuration comprises a path indication of one or more of the reference path or the sensing path, and the path indication comprises one or more of: one or more path descriptions; one or more path Identifiers (IDs); one or more of an object ID or a reflector ID associated to a path; one or more of a signal ID or an RS ID from which a previously detected or reported path has been observed; one or more path numbers or path order numbers; or a path ordering logic.

6. The sensing measurement apparatus of claim 5, wherein the one or more path IDs comprise one or more path IDs for one or more identified paths that are one or more of previously measured or previously defined by the sensing measurement apparatus, and wherein the one or more path IDs are associated with one or more Reference Signals (RS) via which the sensing measurement apparatus measured the identified one or more paths.

7. The sensing measurement apparatus of claim 5, wherein the path ordering logic comprises one or more of an order of arrival path in delay, an order of arrival path arrival in zenith closest to one or more of a first arrival path in delay or a Line of Sight (LOS) path.

8. The sensing measurement apparatus of claim 1, wherein the measurement configuration comprises an indication of a first Reference Signal (RS) for measurement of the reference path and a second RS for measurement of the sensing path, wherein the first RS and the second RS comprise identical RSs or different RSs. Attorney Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCT 109 9. The sensing measurement apparatus of claim 8, wherein the measurement configuration comprises an indication of a first transmission point (TP) of the first RS and a second TP of the second RS, and wherein the first TP and the second TP comprise identical TPs or different TPs.

10. The sensing measurement apparatus of claim 1, wherein the measurement configuration comprises an indication of one or more of: a first measurement time reference for measurement of the reference path and a second measurement time reference for measurement of the sensing path, wherein the first measurement time reference for measurement and the second measurement time reference for measurement are identical or different; a first measurement frequency reference for measurement of the reference path and a second measurement frequency reference for measurement of the sensing path, wherein the first measurement frequency reference for measurement and the second measurement frequency reference for measurement are identical or different; a first measurement phase reference for measurement of the reference path and a second measurement phase reference for measurement of the sensing path, wherein the first measurement phase reference for measurement and the second measurement phase reference for measurement are identical or different; or a first measurement Antenna Reference Point (ARP) reference for measurement of the reference path and second measurement ARP reference for measurement of the sensing path, wherein the first measurement ARP reference for measurement and the second measurement ARP reference for measurement are identical or different.

11. The sensing measurement apparatus of claim 1, wherein the measurement configuration further comprises an indication of a computation model for measurement of one or more of CP or CPD of the reference path and the sensing path.

12. The sensing measurement apparatus of claim 1, wherein the measurement configuration further comprises measurement configuration attributes comprising at least one of one or more associated Transmission Points (TPs), one or more associated sensing signals, one or more Attorney Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCT 110 measurement time references, one or more measurement frequency references, one or more Antenna Reference Points (ARPs), or one or more computation models for measurement of the CPD of the reference path and the sensing path, and wherein instances of the measurement configuration attributes are one or more of: indicated implicitly or explicitly to the sensing measurement apparatus by a sensing controller apparatus; determined, at least in part, autonomously by the sensing measurement apparatus and reported to the sensing controller apparatus; assumed to be identical for measurements of the reference path and sensing by which the CPD is measured; one or more of not indicated as part of the measurement configuration, not determined by the sensing measurement apparatus, or not included in the measurement report; determined, by the sensing controller apparatus, based on one or more of an on-demand configuration requested by the sensing measurement apparatus or a measurement report transmitted by the sensing measurement apparatus to the sensing controller apparatus; or combinations thereof.

13. The sensing measurement apparatus of claim 1, wherein measurement of the CPD associated with the reference path and the sensing path is further associated with a first measurement, and wherein the first measurement comprises one or more of: Reference Signal Time Difference (RSTD) of two or more paths; Relative Time of Arrival (RTOA) of two or more paths; reception-to-transmission time difference; one or more of Angle of Arrival (AoA) measurement or Zenith of Arrival (ZoA) measurement of a path; one or more of AoA difference or ZoA difference of two or more paths; doppler shift measurement of a path; or measurement of doppler shift difference of two or more paths. Attorney Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCT 111 14. The sensing measurement apparatus of claim 13, wherein the at least one processor is configured to cause the sensing measurement apparatus to configure the measurement of the CPD and the first measurement jointly.

15. The sensing measurement apparatus of claim 13, wherein to perform the measurement of the CPD and the first measurement, the at least one processor is configured to cause the sensing measurement apparatus to use one or more of: an identical set of sensing Reference Signals (RSs); an identical set of Transmission Points (TPs); an identical set of reference paths; an identical set of sensing paths; or one or more of a same set of time reference points, a same set of frequency reference points, or a same set of Antenna Reference Points (ARPs).

16. The sensing measurement apparatus of claim 13, wherein the at least one processor is configured to cause the sensing measurement apparatus to one or more of jointly receive configuration of or jointly report, via a common message, the measurement report and the first measurement.

17. The sensing measurement apparatus of claim 14, wherein the at least one processor is configured to cause the sensing measurement apparatus to perform joint reporting of the measurement report and the first measurement, and wherein the joint reporting utilizes a joint codebook for reporting the measurement report and the first measurement.

18. A sensing controller apparatus for wireless communication, comprising: at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the sensing controller apparatus to: transmit a measurement configuration for measuring a reference path and a sensing path, the measurement configuration comprising an indication for measurement of a Carrier Phase Difference (CPD) associated with the reference path and the sensing path; transmit a reporting configuration associated with the measurement configuration; and Attorney Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCTLenovo Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCT 112 receive a measurement report comprising a measured CPD value based at least in part on the reporting configuration.

19. A processor for wireless communication, comprising: at least one controller coupled with at least one memory and configured to cause the processor to: receive a measurement configuration for measuring a reference path and a sensing path, the measurement configuration comprising an indication for measurement of a Carrier Phase Difference (CPD) associated with the reference path and the sensing path; receive a reporting configuration associated with the measurement configuration; measure the CPD based at least in part on the sensing path and the reference path; and report a measurement report comprising a measured CPD value based at least in part on the reporting configuration.

20. A method performed by a sensing measurement apparatus, the method comprising: receiving a measurement configuration for measuring a reference path and a sensing path, the measurement configuration comprising an indication for measurement of a Carrier Phase Difference (CPD) associated with the reference path and the sensing path; receiving a reporting configuration associated with the measurement configuration; measuring the CPD based at least in part on the sensing path and the reference path; and reporting a measurement report comprising a measured CPD value based at least in part on the reporting configuration. Attorney Docket No. SMM920230214-WO-PCT

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