Systems and methods for positioning
The system addresses the challenge of positioning user equipment in non-terrestrial networks by using assistance information and measurement reports to enable accurate positioning even without GNSS, leveraging communication satellites for reliable operation.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/107715
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-07-26
- Publication Date
- 2025-06-26
AI Technical Summary
Current wireless communication systems face challenges in positioning user equipment (UE) in non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) without relying on Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), which may not be available simultaneously with cellular communication.
The system involves a wireless communication device receiving assistance information for positioning through first signaling, performing measurements using second signals, and sending reports to network nodes. This includes identifying visible satellites, measuring signal quality, and determining the capability for high-quality measurements.
This approach enables accurate UE positioning in NTNs even when GNSS is not available, by leveraging communication satellites and improving the robustness of positioning in high-mobility satellite scenarios.
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Figure CN2024107715_26062025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR POSITIONINGTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The disclosure relates generally to wireless communications, including but not limited to systems and methods for positioning.BACKGROUND
[0002] The standardization organization Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) is currently in the process of specifying a new Radio Interface called 5G New Radio (5G NR) as well as a Next Generation Packet Core Network (NG-CN or NGC) . The 5G NR will have three main components: a 5G Access Network (5G-AN) , a 5G Core Network (5GC) , and a User Equipment (UE) . In order to facilitate the enablement of different data services and requirements, the elements of the 5GC, also called Network Functions, have been simplified with some of them being software based, and some being hardware based, so that they could be adapted according to need. Communication via satellite is one of the typical scenarios of the non-terrestrial networks in 3GPP standardization.SUMMARY
[0003] The example embodiments disclosed herein are directed to solving the issues relating to one or more of the problems presented in the prior art, as well as providing additional features that will become readily apparent by reference to the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the accompany drawings. In accordance with various embodiments, example systems, methods, devices and computer program products are disclosed herein. It is understood, however, that these embodiments are presented by way of example and are not limiting, and it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art who read the present disclosure that various modifications to the disclosed embodiments can be made while remaining within the scope of this disclosure.
[0004] At least one aspect is directed to a system, method, apparatus, or a computer-readable medium of the following. A wireless communication device (e.g., a user equipment (UE) ) may receive at least one first signaling including assistance information for positioning. The wireless communication device may perform at least one measurement according to the assistance information and at least one second signal. In some embodiments, the at least one first signaling and the at least one second signal can be separate signals. The at least one first signaling (e.g., a radio resource configuration (RRC) signaling) may carry assistance information. The at least one second signal (e.g., a primary synchronization signal (PSS) , a secondary synchronization signal (SSS) ) can be separate signal (s) for measurement / positioning.
[0005] In some embodiments, the wireless communication device may send at least one report. The at least one report may include at least one of: a timing advance (TA) ; a position of the wireless communication device; a velocity of the wireless communication device; time information of the wireless communication device; the at least one measurement result; an uplink reference signal; an identity of a serving network node; an indication of whether a network node is seen; an indication of whether a signal from a network node is monitored or detected; an indication of whether receiving power or receiving quality of signal from a network node is larger than a threshold; or a capability of the at least one report. In some embodiments, a network may indicate a UE a set of positioning satellites / nodes or indicate the UE to measure second signals from a set of satellites / nodes. The UE may not be able to see / detect some of the satellites or may not receive the signals from some of the satellites, especially considering that a satellite has high mobility. The UE may report to the network which satellite (s) or network node (s) can be seen or have an adequate power / capacity / capability to enable measurement of high quality.
[0006] In some embodiments, the at least one report can be sent / communicated to at least one of: a serving network node (e.g., a serving satellite / cell) ; a plurality of network nodes (e.g., satellites / cells) used for positioning; a plurality of network nodes providing the at least one second signal; a plurality of network nodes providing respective second signals for the at least one measurement; a plurality of network nodes providing the at least one first signaling; or a plurality of network nodes providing respective first signalings for the at least one measurement. In some embodiments, the at least one report can be sent / communicated via at least one of: a radio resource configuration (RRC) signaling; a media access control control element (MAC CE) signaling; a non-access stratum (NAS) signaling; a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) ; a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) ; a resource of a random access channel (RACH) ; a format of a physical random access channel (PRACH) ; a Msg3 or MsgA; a Msg5 or a signaling occurring after initial access (e.g., initial random access) ; an uplink transmission; or an application of random access response (RAR) . In some embodiments, the wireless communication device may send the at least one report in a connected mode (for connected mode positioning) . The wireless communication device may also send the report to a network node providing signals for measurement instead of only to a serving node.
[0007] In some embodiments, the wireless communication device can be in an idle mode when at least one of: receiving the at least one first signaling, or performing the at least one measurement. In some embodiments, the at least one first signaling may comprise at least one of: a master information block (MIB) signaling; a system information block (SIB) signaling; a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) signaling; a dedicated radio resource control (RRC) signaling; a media access control control element (MAC CE) signaling; or a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) signaling.
[0008] In some embodiments, the at least one second signal may comprise at least one of: a primary synchronization signal (PSS) ; a secondary synchronization signal (SSS) ; a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) ; a synchronization signal block (SSB) ; a positioning reference signal (PRS) ; a cell reference signal (CRS) ; a channel status information reference signal (CSI-RS) ; a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS) ; a monitoring signal; a sensing signal; a wake up signal; or a signal indicated by a network prior to initial access to the network by the wireless communication device. In some embodiments, the second signals can be reference signals used for measurement instead of a signaling indicating some information. For example, a PSS received by a UE can be used to measure a DL timing. The PSS can be used to estimate a reference signal time difference.
[0009] In some embodiments, the at least one first signaling can be received from a serving network node or from a plurality of network nodes (e.g., satellites) in at least one of: a frequency division multiplexing (FDM) manner (e.g., using different frequency domain resources) ; a time division multiplexing (TDM) manner (e.g., using different time domain resources) ; or a spatial division multiplexing (SDM) manner (e.g., using different spatial domain resources) .
[0010] In some embodiments, when the at least one first signaling is received from the serving network node, the at least one first signaling may include assistance information corresponding to all network nodes used for positioning. In some embodiments, the wireless communication device may send at least one report to the serving network node. The wireless communication device may send at least one report to at least one network node providing the at least one second signal, respectively. The at least one report may comprise information for the at least one network node providing the at least one second signal.
[0011] In some embodiments, when / if the at least one first signaling is received from a plurality of network nodes, the at least one first signaling may include respective assistance information corresponding to each of the network nodes. In some embodiments, the wireless communication device may send at least one report to at least one network node providing the at least one first signaling, respectively. The wireless communication device may send the at least one report to at least one network node providing the at least one second signal, respectively.
[0012] In some embodiments, the at least one second signal can be received from a plurality of network nodes in at least one of: a frequency division multiplexing (FDM) manner; a time division multiplexing (TDM) manner; or a spatial division multiplexing (SDM) manner. In some embodiments, when the at least one second signal is received from the plurality of network nodes in the FDM manner, each of the plurality of network nodes may provide a signal corresponding to at least one frequency domain resource different from others of the plurality of network nodes. In some embodiments, the wireless communication device may perform measurement of the signal within the at least one frequency domain resource.
[0013] In some embodiments, when / if the at least one second signal is received from the plurality of network nodes in the TDM manner, each of the plurality of network nodes may provide a signal corresponding to at least one time domain resource different from others of the plurality of network nodes. In some embodiments, the wireless communication device may perform measurement of the signal within the at least one time domain resource.
[0014] In some embodiments, when / if the at least one second signal is received from the plurality of network nodes in the SDM manner, each of the plurality of network nodes may provide a signal corresponding to at least one spatial domain resource different from others of the plurality of network nodes. In some embodiments, the wireless communication device may perform measurement of the at least one second signal within the at least one spatial domain resource. In some embodiments, the at least one spatial domain resource may comprise at least one of: an antenna port, a beam, a direction, a quasi co location (QCL) relationship, an antenna direction, a beamforming pattern, or a codebook.
[0015] In some embodiments, the wireless communication device may determine to perform the at least one measurement according to a configuration. The configuration may comprise one of: a plurality of network nodes that do not serve a same area simultaneously; a plurality of network nodes that serve a same area simultaneously with different resources; a plurality of network nodes that transmit downlink signals to a same area simultaneously in different resources and receive uplink signals in a same resource; or a plurality of network nodes that serve a same area simultaneously with a same resource.
[0016] In some embodiments, the wireless communication device may determine a location of the wireless communication device according to the at least one first signaling or the at least one measurement. In some embodiments, the location can be determined based on assistance information and / or a measurement result.
[0017] In some embodiments, the assistance information may comprise an indication of at least one of: a trigger of the at least one measurement; a trigger of the measurement corresponding to a current network node; a trigger of the measurement corresponding to at least one network node providing the at least one second signal; a trigger of the measurement corresponding to at least one network node that is used for positioning; a trigger or enabling of at least one report; a trigger or enabling of the at least one report corresponding to a current network node; a trigger or enabling of the at least one report corresponding to at least one network node providing the at least one second signal; a trigger or enabling of the at least one report corresponding to at least one network node that is used for positioning; a reference signal (RS) sequence; a time domain resource for receiving the at least one second signal; a frequency domain resource for receiving the at least one second signal; a spatial domain resource for receiving the at least one second signal; a measurement, monitoring or reception gap for the at least one second signal; an association relationship; a time stamp of the assistance information; a time offset; a periodicity; ephemeris information of a satellite or network node; a position of a satellite or network node; an epoch time; common timing advance (TA) related information; timing drift related information on a feeder link; timing drift related information on a service link; timing drift related information on a full link; a position of a center of a beam; an identity (ID) of a network node or cell; or an indication of whether the network node is used for positioning.
[0018] In some embodiments, the wireless communication device may perform a physical random access channel (PRACH) transmission according to the at least one measurement or a positioning result. In some embodiments, a format of the PRACH transmission can be determined according to at least one of: a value of position dilution of precision (PDOP) relative to at least one PDOP threshold; a number of network nodes relative to at least one threshold; a capability of the wireless communication device; a value of reference signal received power (RSRP) relative to at least one RSRP threshold; or a time interval between measurements, relative to at least one interval threshold.
[0019] In some embodiments, the wireless communication device may determine a timing advance (TA) for the PRACH transmission according to at least one of: the at least one measurement; a position of the wireless communication device; a position of a serving network node or a positioning network node; ephemeris information of a satellite or a network node; common TA related information; an epoch time; or time information of at least one of aforementioned parameter. In some embodiments, the wireless communication device may monitor a random access response (RAR) corresponding to a format of the PRACH transmission.
[0020] In some embodiments, the wireless communication device may determine a serving network node, according to at least one of: a reference signal received power (RSRP) ; a distance between the wireless communication device and the network node; or an elevation angle of the network node.
[0021] In some embodiments, a network node (e.g., a satellite or a cell) may send at least one first signaling including assistance information for positioning to a wireless communication device (e.g., a user equipment (UE) ) . The wireless communication device may perform at least one measurement according to the assistance information and at least one second signal.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0022] Various example embodiments of the present solution are described in detail below with reference to the following figures or drawings. The drawings are provided for purposes of illustration only and merely depict example embodiments of the present solution to facilitate the reader's understanding of the present solution. Therefore, the drawings should not be considered limiting of the breadth, scope, or applicability of the present solution. It should be noted that for clarity and ease of illustration, these drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale.
[0023] FIG. 1 illustrates an example cellular communication network in which techniques disclosed herein may be implemented, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0024] FIG. 2 illustrates a block diagram of an example base station and a user equipment device, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0025] FIG. 3 illustrates an example implementation of a non-terrestrial network (NTN) , in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0026] FIG. 4 illustrates an example implementation of positioning based on satellite communication, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0027] FIG. 5 illustrates an example implementation of positioning based on satellite communication, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0028] FIG. 6 illustrates example measurements from different satellites, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0029] FIG. 7 illustrates example measurements from different satellites, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0030] FIG. 8 illustrates example measurements from different satellites, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure; and
[0031] FIG. 9 illustrates a flow diagram of an example method for positioning, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0032] 1. Mobile Communication Technology and Environment
[0033] FIG. 1 illustrates an example wireless communication network, and / or system, 100 in which techniques disclosed herein may be implemented, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. In the following discussion, the wireless communication network 100 may be any wireless network, such as a cellular network or a narrowband Internet of things (NB-IoT) network, and is herein referred to as “network 100. ” Such an example network 100 includes a base station 102 (hereinafter “BS 102” ; also referred to as wireless communication node) and a user equipment device 104 (hereinafter “UE 104” ; also referred to as wireless communication device) that can communicate with each other via a communication link 110 (e.g., a wireless communication channel) , and a cluster of cells 126, 130, 132, 134, 136, 138 and 140 overlaying a geographical area 101. In Figure 1, the BS 102 and UE 104 are contained within a respective geographic boundary of cell 126. Each of the other cells 130, 132, 134, 136, 138 and 140 may include at least one base station operating at its allocated bandwidth to provide adequate radio coverage to its intended users.
[0034] For example, the BS 102 may operate at an allocated channel transmission bandwidth to provide adequate coverage to the UE 104. The BS 102 and the UE 104 may communicate via a downlink radio frame 118, and an uplink radio frame 124 respectively. Each radio frame 118 / 124 may be further divided into sub-frames 120 / 127 which may include data symbols 122 / 128. In the present disclosure, the BS 102 and UE 104 are described herein as non-limiting examples of “communication nodes, ” generally, which can practice the methods disclosed herein. Such communication nodes may be capable of wireless and / or wired communications, in accordance with various embodiments of the present solution.
[0035] FIG. 2 illustrates a block diagram of an example wireless communication system 200 for transmitting and receiving wireless communication signals (e.g., OFDM / OFDMA signals) in accordance with some embodiments of the present solution. The system 200 may include components and elements configured to support known or conventional operating features that need not be described in detail herein. In one illustrative embodiment, system 200 can be used to communicate (e.g., transmit and receive) data symbols in a wireless communication environment such as the wireless communication environment 100 of Figure 1, as described above.
[0036] System 200 generally includes a base station 202 (hereinafter “BS 202” ) and a user equipment device 204 (hereinafter “UE 204” ) . The BS 202 includes a BS (base station) transceiver module 210, a BS antenna 212, a BS processor module 214, a BS memory module 216, and a network communication module 218, each module being coupled and interconnected with one another as necessary via a data communication bus 220. The UE 204 includes a UE (user equipment) transceiver module 230, a UE antenna 232, a UE memory module 234, and a UE processor module 236, each module being coupled and interconnected with one another as necessary via a data communication bus 240. The BS 202 communicates with the UE 204 via a communication channel 250, which can be any wireless channel or other medium suitable for transmission of data as described herein.
[0037] As would be understood by persons of ordinary skill in the art, system 200 may further include any number of modules other than the modules shown in Figure 2. Those skilled in the art will understand that the various illustrative blocks, modules, circuits, and processing logic described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented in hardware, computer-readable software, firmware, or any practical combination thereof. To clearly illustrate this interchangeability and compatibility of hardware, firmware, and software, various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits, and steps are described generally in terms of their functionality. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware, firmware, or software can depend upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system. Those familiar with the concepts described herein may implement such functionality in a suitable manner for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as limiting the scope of the present disclosure
[0038] In accordance with some embodiments, the UE transceiver 230 may be referred to herein as an "uplink" transceiver 230 that includes a radio frequency (RF) transmitter and a RF receiver each comprising circuitry that is coupled to the antenna 232. A duplex switch (not shown) may alternatively couple the uplink transmitter or receiver to the uplink antenna in time duplex fashion. Similarly, in accordance with some embodiments, the BS transceiver 210 may be referred to herein as a "downlink" transceiver 210 that includes a RF transmitter and a RF receiver each comprising circuity that is coupled to the antenna 212. A downlink duplex switch may alternatively couple the downlink transmitter or receiver to the downlink antenna 212 in time duplex fashion. The operations of the two transceiver modules 210 and 230 may be coordinated in time such that the uplink receiver circuitry is coupled to the uplink antenna 232 for reception of transmissions over the wireless transmission link 250 at the same time that the downlink transmitter is coupled to the downlink antenna 212. Conversely, the operations of the two transceivers 210 and 230 may be coordinated in time such that the downlink receiver is coupled to the downlink antenna 212 for reception of transmissions over the wireless transmission link 250 at the same time that the uplink transmitter is coupled to the uplink antenna 232. In some embodiments, there is close time synchronization with a minimal guard time between changes in duplex direction.
[0039] The UE transceiver 230 and the base station transceiver 210 are configured to communicate via the wireless data communication link 250, and cooperate with a suitably configured RF antenna arrangement 212 / 232 that can support a particular wireless communication protocol and modulation scheme. In some illustrative embodiments, the UE transceiver 210 and the base station transceiver 210 are configured to support industry standards such as the Long Term Evolution (LTE) and emerging 5G standards, and the like. It is understood, however, that the present disclosure is not necessarily limited in application to a particular standard and associated protocols. Rather, the UE transceiver 230 and the base station transceiver 210 may be configured to support alternate, or additional, wireless data communication protocols, including future standards or variations thereof.
[0040] In accordance with various embodiments, the BS 202 may be an evolved node B (eNB) , a serving eNB, a target eNB, a femto station, or a pico station, for example. In some embodiments, the UE 204 may be embodied in various types of user devices such as a mobile phone, a smart phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , tablet, laptop computer, wearable computing device, etc. The processor modules 214 and 236 may be implemented, or realized, with a general purpose processor, a content addressable memory, a digital signal processor, an application specific integrated circuit, a field programmable gate array, any suitable programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof, designed to perform the functions described herein. In this manner, a processor may be realized as a microprocessor, a controller, a microcontroller, a state machine, or the like. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, e.g., a combination of a digital signal processor and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a digital signal processor core, or any other such configuration.
[0041] Furthermore, the steps of a method or algorithm described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be embodied directly in hardware, in firmware, in a software module executed by processor modules 214 and 236, respectively, or in any practical combination thereof. The memory modules 216 and 234 may be realized as RAM memory, flash memory, ROM memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, registers, a hard disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known in the art. In this regard, memory modules 216 and 234 may be coupled to the processor modules 210 and 230, respectively, such that the processors modules 210 and 230 can read information from, and write information to, memory modules 216 and 234, respectively. The memory modules 216 and 234 may also be integrated into their respective processor modules 210 and 230. In some embodiments, the memory modules 216 and 234 may each include a cache memory for storing temporary variables or other intermediate information during execution of instructions to be executed by processor modules 210 and 230, respectively. Memory modules 216 and 234 may also each include non-volatile memory for storing instructions to be executed by the processor modules 210 and 230, respectively.
[0042] The network communication module 218 generally represents the hardware, software, firmware, processing logic, and / or other components of the base station 202 that enable bi-directional communication between base station transceiver 210 and other network components and communication nodes configured to communication with the base station 202. For example, network communication module 218 may be configured to support internet or WiMAX traffic. In a typical deployment, without limitation, network communication module 218 provides an 802.3 Ethernet interface such that base station transceiver 210 can communicate with a conventional Ethernet based computer network. In this manner, the network communication module 218 may include a physical interface for connection to the computer network (e.g., Mobile Switching Center (MSC) ) . The terms “configured for, ” “configured to” and conjugations thereof, as used herein with respect to a specified operation or function, refer to a device, component, circuit, structure, machine, signal, etc., that is physically constructed, programmed, formatted and / or arranged to perform the specified operation or function.
[0043] The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Model (referred to herein as, “open system interconnection model” ) is a conceptual and logical layout that defines network communication used by systems (e.g., wireless communication device, wireless communication node) open to interconnection and communication with other systems. The model is broken into seven subcomponents, or layers, each of which represents a conceptual collection of services provided to the layers above and below it. The OSI Model also defines a logical network and effectively describes computer packet transfer by using different layer protocols. The OSI Model may also be referred to as the seven-layer OSI Model or the seven-layer model. In some embodiments, a first layer may be a physical layer. In some embodiments, a second layer may be a Medium Access Control (MAC) layer. In some embodiments, a third layer may be a Radio Link Control (RLC) layer. In some embodiments, a fourth layer may be a Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer. In some embodiments, a fifth layer may be a Radio Resource Control (RRC) layer. In some embodiments, a sixth layer may be a Non Access Stratum (NAS) layer or an Internet Protocol (IP) layer, and the seventh layer being the other layer.
[0044] Various example embodiments of the present solution are described below with reference to the accompanying figures to enable a person of ordinary skill in the art to make and use the present solution. As would be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art, after reading the present disclosure, various changes or modifications to the examples described herein can be made without departing from the scope of the present solution. Thus, the present solution is not limited to the example embodiments and applications described and illustrated herein. Additionally, the specific order or hierarchy of steps in the methods disclosed herein are merely example approaches. Based upon design preferences, the specific order or hierarchy of steps of the disclosed methods or processes can be re-arranged while remaining within the scope of the present solution. Thus, those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that the methods and techniques disclosed herein present various steps or acts in a sample order, and the present solution is not limited to the specific order or hierarchy presented unless expressly stated otherwise.
[0045] 2. Systems and Methods for Positioning
[0046] In a (e.g., 5G) non-terrestrial network (NTN) , a user equipment (UE) can be assumed to obtain its location based on a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) . The UE can pre-compensate a large timing advance (TA) and Doppler to achieve uplink (UL) synchronization based on a GNSS location and assistance information (e.g., satellite ephemeris) from a network. However, a GNSS positioning system can be independent to a communication system and may not be able to be available simultaneously with a cellular communication system. In order to implement an NTN communication system free of the GNSS, positioning solution (s) based on 3GPP communication satellites can be performed in the present disclosure. The solution (s) can be applied in a 5G or 6G system for instance.
[0047] FIG. 3 illustrates an example implementation of a non-terrestrial network (NTN) , in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. The example structure of a transparent NTN is illustrated in FIG. 3. A link between a UE and a satellite can be a service link. A link between a base station (BS) and a satellite can be a feeder link and can be common for all UEs within the same cell.
[0048] In a 5G NTN, pre-compensation can be applied to achieve uplink (UL) synchronization. A UE can estimate and pre-compensate for / on a timing advance (TA) corresponding to a service link based on a location of a UE (assumed obtained through the GNSS) , and / or a location of a satellite (derived based on satellite ephemeris indicated by a network) . For the common TA corresponding to a feeder link, the UE can estimate and pre-compensate the common TA based on common TA parameters (e.g., common TA, common TA drift rate, and / or common TA drift rate variation at an epoch time, which can be indicated by the network) . Moreover, the UE can also estimate and pre-compensate for / on Doppler corresponding to a service link based on a location of a UE, a velocity of a UE, a location of a satellite, and / or a velocity of a satellite. In summary, with the knowledge of UE’s location and velocity (derived based on GNSS information) and assistance information indicated by the network (e.g., satellite ephemeris, common TA parameters, and epoch time) , the UE can be able to estimate and pre-compensate on / for the TA and Doppler. The residual TA and Doppler to be estimated by a network node (e.g., a satellite, a cell) can be significantly reduced and within a tolerable range of a format of a physical random access channel (PRACH) defined for a terrestrial network (TN) .
[0049] Implementation Example 1: Measurement for NTN based positioning
[0050] A wireless communication device (e.g., a user equipment (UE) ) may receive at least one first signaling including assistance information for positioning. The wireless communication device may perform at least one measurement according to the assistance information and at least one second signal. In some embodiments, the at least one first signaling and the at least one second signal can be separate signals. The at least one first signaling (e.g., a radio resource configuration (RRC) signaling) may carry assistance information. The at least one second signal (e.g., a primary synchronization signal (PSS) , a secondary synchronization signal (SSS) ) can be separate signal (s) for measurement / positioning. The measurement may comprise measuring at least one of: reference signal receiving power (RSRP) , reference signal receiving quality (RSRQ) , reference signal time difference (RSTD, e.g., relative timing difference between different network nodes, or between different time instants, or between different network nodes at different time instants) , reference signal carrier phase (RSCP) , reference signal carrier phase difference (RSCPD, e.g., RSCP different between different network nodes, or between different time instants, or between different network nodes at different time instants) , Rx-Tx time difference (e.g., the time difference between received timing of a DL subframe and transmit timing of corresponding UL subframe, or time difference between received timing of a DL subframe and transmit timing of UL subframe closest to the DL subframe) , Rx-Tx time difference offset (e.g., the offset between transmit timing of UL subframe closest to a DL subframe and transmit timing of UL subframe corresponding to the DL subframe) , angle of arrival (AoA) , or time of arrival (TOA) .
[0051] In a 5G NTN, a UE can be assumed to have the capability of a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) . Based on the GNSS information, the UE may be able to estimate and pre-compensate for / on a large timing advance (TA) and Doppler in a non-terrestrial network (NTN) and to achieve UL synchronization. However, a GNSS positioning system can be independent to a communication system. In order to implement a unified framework, the positioning solution based on communication satellites can be performed, e.g., as shown in FIG. 4. FIG. 4 illustrates an example implementation of positioning based on 3GPP communication satellites, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0052] Note that considering the mobility of satellite especially in a low orbit case, it is possible to take the positions of a same satellite at different time instants as different anchor points in positioning. For example, as shown in FIG. 5, four anchor points can be obtained based on two satellites at different time. An anchor point may refer to a satellite position at a time instant. A satellite may refer / correspond to a network node, a cell, a TRP, or a beam. FIG. 5 illustrates example satellite positions at different time as different anchor points for positioning, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0053] When a pre-compensation based UL synchronization method is applied, the UE may be able to obtain its location before sending a PRACH. Therefore, positioning in an IDLE mode can be supported, which is different from the positioning methods defined in 5G system which requires configuration in a CONNECTED mode. During an IDLE mode, the UE may only receive cell specific DL signals. Only UE based downlink (DL) positioning methods using cell specific reference signal (RS) can be considered. To reduce the resource overhead, the reference signals (RSs) for communication system can be considered / used for positioning. Therefore, at least one of following signals (e.g., at least one second signal) can be considered for positioning: a primary synchronization signal (PSS) ; a secondary synchronization signal (SSS) ; a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) ; a synchronization signal block (SSB) ; a positioning reference signal (PRS) ; a cell reference signal (CRS) ; a channel status information reference signal (CSI-RS) ; a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS) ; a monitoring signal; a sensing signal; a wake up signal; or a signal indicated by a network prior to initial access to the network by the wireless communication device. The monitoring signal or wake up signal can be used to inform a UE of cellular coverage.
[0054] In some embodiments, the UE may determine to perform the at least one measurement according to a configuration. The configuration may comprise one of: a plurality of network nodes that do not serve a same area simultaneously; a plurality of network nodes that serve a same area simultaneously with different resources; a plurality of network nodes that transmit downlink signals to a same area simultaneously in different resources and receive uplink signals in a same resource; or a plurality of network nodes that serve a same area simultaneously with a same resource. More than one potential deployment of NTN may be possible. For example, whether multiple satellites can serve the same area or share same resource, which may utilize different enhancements to implement the positioning in IDLE mode. At least following examples of NTN deployments can be considered.
[0055] For example, the multiple satellites may not serve a same area simultaneously. That is, only one satellite can be regarded as a serving satellite (e.g., satellite-0 in FIG. 4) . The other satellites (e.g., satellite-1, satellite-2, and satellite-3) can be positioning satellites. The positioning satellites may only send positioning signal instead of providing service (e.g., transmitting control information or data) to the area. The UE may obtain the information of positioning satellites via an indication from serving satellites.
[0056] For example, the multiple satellites can serve same area simultaneously with different resources. That is, the multiple satellites may provide service (e.g., transmitting control information or data) to the same area via different frequency band, time period, or spatial domain (e.g., antenna port) . The UE may directly obtain the information of each satellite via the indication from itself (e.g., in system information from the satellite) . The UE may sweep different resources to synchronize to different satellites, or may monitor signals / receive data from different satellites. The UE may also determine which satellite to access, e.g., which satellite can be serving satellite. The UE may access a target satellite by sending a random access channel (RACH) via a UL resource corresponding to the satellite.
[0057] For example, the multiple satellites can transmit DL signals to same area simultaneously with different resources, but may receive UL signals in same resource. For example, the UE may have multiple DL antennas but only one UL antenna. The UE may be able to receive DL signals from multiple satellites via different antenna ports, but may not distinguish between UL signals to different satellites. For another example, different satellites may transmit DL signals to a target area in a time division multiplexing (TDM) manner in a same band, but all satellites can receive UL signals at all times in a same band. In such a case, the UE may report which satellite is selected as a serving satellite during or after random access.
[0058] For example, the multiple satellites can serve a same area simultaneously with same resource (s) . In DL, the UE may monitor / detect / decode signal from a target satellite by regarding signals of other satellites as noise. The UE may perform successive interference cancellation (SIC) to decode signals from multiple satellites, e.g., the UE may monitor / detect / decode signal (s) with higher power first, and the UE may cancel signal (s) (before monitoring / detecting / decoding the signal (s) ) with lower power. In UL, the UE may not be able to distinguish between UL signals to different satellites. In such a case, the UE may report which satellite is selected as a serving satellite during or after random access.
[0059] In an NTN based positioning, the satellites that indicate reference signals to UE can be regarded as anchor points for positioning. To obtain multiple anchor points to perform positioning, the UE may be able to receive reference signals from multiple satellites. In order to avoid the interference on normal communication, the reference signals (RSs) from different satellites can be received in different resources, e.g., in different frequency resources, time resources, and / or spatial resources.
[0060] Example 1: The signals from different satellites can be received in a frequency division multiplexing (FDM) manner. The signals of different satellites may use different bands, e.g., as shown in FIG. 6. When the UE needs to obtain signals from a satellite for positioning, the UE may switch to the corresponding band for measurement. In some embodiments, the UE can receive the signals or perform measurement for more than one satellite or band simultaneously. The measurement gaps for different satellites may overlap in a time domain. In some embodiments, one measurement gap can be defined for all the satellites used for positioning. The UE may perform measurement simultaneously or sequentially for all the satellites within the measurement gap. The time or order for the measurement may be up to UE implementation. FIG. 6 illustrates an example implementation of receiving signals from different satellites in a FDM manner, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0061] Example 2: The signals from different satellites can be received in a time division multiplexing (TDM) manner. The signals of different satellites may use different time domain resources, e.g., as shown in FIG. 7. The UE can obtain signals from different satellites in different measurement gaps. In some embodiments, one measurement gap can be defined for all the satellites used for positioning. The UE may perform measurement sequentially on different time resources for all the satellites within the measurement gap. The time or order for the measurement may be up to UE implementation. FIG. 7 illustrates an example implementation of receiving signals from different satellites in a TDM manner, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0062] Example 3: The signals from different satellites can be received in a spatial division multiplexing (SDM) manner. The signals of different satellites may use different spatial domain resources, e.g., as shown in FIG. 8. When the UE needs / is to obtain signals from a satellite for positioning, the UE may switch to the corresponding spatial resources for measurement. A spatial domain resource may comprise at least one of: an antenna port, a beam, a direction, a quasi co location (QCL) relationship, an antenna direction, a beamforming pattern, or a codebook. In some embodiments, the UE can receive the signals or perform measurement for more than one satellite or spatial resource simultaneously. The measurement gaps for different satellites may overlap in a time domain. In some embodiments, one measurement gap can be defined for all the satellites used for positioning. The UE may perform measurement simultaneously or sequentially for all the satellites within the measurement gap. The time or order for the measurement may be up to UE implementation. FIG. 8 illustrates an example implementation of receiving signals from different satellites in a SDM manner, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0063] Note that any two or more of the TDM, FDM, and SDM solutions mentioned above may be combined. For example, four satellites may occupy two bands, where each band can be used by two satellites in a TDM or SDM manner.
[0064] Besides being able to receive RSs from different satellites, the UE can also be able to distinguish the RSs from different satellites. Otherwise, the positioning can fail due to the ambiguity of geometry for the UE and the anchor points. To distinguish RSs from different satellites, association between RS and satellite may be defined. At least one of following approaches can be considered.
[0065] In some embodiments, satellites to be used in positioning may be allocated with different identities (IDs) (e.g., cell ID, satellites ID, positioning ID, physical ID, and / or logical ID) . The RSs may be generated based on the ID. For example, each ID can be associated with a root / index / cyclic-shift / seed of a sequence (e.g., Zadoff-Chu sequence, m sequence, and / or OCC sequence) . The UE can identify the associated satellite based on the decoded RS sequence. In some embodiments, the RSs may be scrambled based on the ID. For example, each ID can be associated with a root / seed of a scrambling sequence. Descrambling can be performed when monitoring the RSs. The UE can identify the associated satellite based on the scrambling sequence.
[0066] In some embodiments, the satellite may indicate additional information along with the RS. For example, the SSB may comprise both RS (e.g., PSS, SSS, DMRS) and payload (e.g., PBCH) . The UE can identify the associated satellite based on the additional information. The additional information may indicate at least one of: an ID (e.g., cell ID, satellites ID, positioning ID, physical ID, and / or logical ID) , ephemeris, an epoch time, common TA information, or a satellite position.
[0067] In some embodiments, satellites to be used in positioning may be associated with different measurement gaps. The UE can identify the associated satellite of the received RS based on the measurement gap.
[0068] In some embodiments, satellites to be used in positioning may be associated with different RS sequences (e.g., different indexes of a set of sequences) . The UE can identify the associated satellite of the received RS based on the RS sequence.
[0069] The ID, time / frequency / spatial resource, measurement gap, and / or association relationship (e.g., association between satellite and ID / gap / RS / resource) mentioned above may be indicated to the UE. The indication may be via at least one of following signalings (e.g., at least one first signaling) : broadcast (e.g., SI broadcast, such as MIB, SIB, PBCH, etc. ) , a RRC signaling, a MAC CE signaling, a PDCCH, or other signaling. The indication may be from the serving cell / satellite to the UE, or from an assistant node (e.g., a terrestrial station assisting positioning) to the UE, or from the satellite that covers the target area to the UE.
[0070] For configuration / indication of time / frequency / spatial resource for signal transmission / monitoring / measurement, at least one of followings can be configured / indicated to the UE:
[0071] ● Time gap / window for receiving / monitoring / measuring the signal from a satellite. The network may indicate at least one of: a start time of gap / window, a duration of gap / window, a periodicity of gap / window, or an offset of gap / window. The offset may be with respect to H-SFN0, SFN0, subframe0, slot0, or symbol0. In some embodiments, the offset may be with respect to the start / end of the signaling carrying the configuration. In some embodiments, when multiple time gaps / windows are defined for different satellites, the offset may be with respect to the start / end of the previous time gap / window.
[0072] ● Frequency resource (e.g., band, carrier, subband, PRB, and / or subcarrier) for receiving / monitoring / measuring the signal from a satellite. The network may indicate at least one of: a carrier index, a band index, a reference / start frequency (e.g., a PRB / subcarrier index) , or a frequency width (e.g., number of PRBs / subcarriers) .
[0073] ● Spatial domain resource (e.g., antenna port, QCL relationship, antenna direction, beamforming pattern, and / or codebook) for receiving / monitoring / measuring the signal from a satellite.
[0074] ● The number of satellites to be measured or used for positioning.
[0075] Note that the satellites other than the serving satellite may only transmit RSs used for positioning to the UE, especially when the signals are in a TDM manner. Since the UE may not be connected to the satellites other than the serving satellite, dedicated positioning PSS / SSS / SSB may be defined and transmitted to UE. The positioning PSS / SSS / SSB may have independent timing compared with normal PSS / SSS / SSB. For example, the positioning PSS / SSS / SSB may have dedicated time and frequency resource configuration, such as periodicity, offset, and / or bands. The configuration may be indicated via a SIB broadcast. Moreover, the positioning PSS / SSS / SSB may even have different structure than normal PSS / SSS / SSB. For example, the PSS / SSS / SSB may be scrambled based on a positioning ID (which may be different from cell ID used for communication) . In some embodiments, the positioning SSB may not contain the PBCH (which cannot be used for measurement) . In some embodiments, no PDCCH monitoring occasion / resource (e.g., CORESET0, search space 0) can be associated with the SSB.
[0076] Implementation Example 2: Assistance information for NTN based positioning
[0077] Besides the measurement mentioned in implementation example 1, additional assistance information may be utilized to implement the positioning. In some embodiments, the assistance information may comprise an indication of at least one of: a trigger of the at least one measurement; a trigger of the measurement corresponding to a current network node; a trigger of the measurement corresponding to at least one network node providing the at least one second signal; a trigger of the measurement corresponding to at least one network node that is used for positioning; a trigger or enabling of at least one report; a trigger or enabling of the at least one report corresponding to a current network node; a trigger or enabling of the at least one report corresponding to at least one network node providing the at least one second signal; a trigger or enabling of the at least one report corresponding to at least one network node that is used for positioning; a reference signal (RS) sequence; a time domain resource for receiving the at least one second signal; a frequency domain resource for receiving the at least one second signal; a spatial domain resource for receiving the at least one second signal; a measurement, monitoring or reception gap for the at least one second signal; an association relationship; a time stamp of the assistance information; a time offset; a periodicity; ephemeris information of a satellite or network node; a position of a satellite or network node; an epoch time; common timing advance (TA) related information; timing drift related information on a feeder link; timing drift related information on a service link; timing drift related information on a full link; a position of a center of a beam; an identity (ID) of a network node or cell; or an indication of whether the network node is used for positioning. At least one of following examples can be considered / utilized.
[0078] Example 1: The time when positioning signal can be transmitted by a satellite / gateway / network node or passing a reference point (e.g., uplink time synchronization reference point) can be known by the UE. The signals from different satellites may not be transmitted simultaneously. If the time difference of arrival (TDOA) based positioning method is to be used, the time interval between transmission time of different satellites can be known by the UE to obtain the delay difference. The time may be indicated via at least one of following ways.
[0079] ● Timestamp. For example, a timestamp can be used to indicate the absolute time of the time when positioning signal is transmitted by a satellite / gateway / network node or passing a reference point (e.g., uplink time synchronization reference point) . For another example, a timestamp can be used to indicate the absolute time of the time when the (start or end of) message carrying timestamp is transmitted by a satellite / gateway / network node or passing a reference point (e.g., uplink time synchronization reference point) . The transmission time of positioning signal may be derived based on the time interval between the positioning signal and the (start or end of) message carrying timestamp. In some embodiments, the timestamps corresponding to the satellites may be indicated separately via signals from respective satellite, e.g., from MIB / PBCH / SIB broadcast by the satellite. In some embodiments, the timestamps corresponding to the satellites may be indicated together via a signal from the serving satellite, e.g., from MIB / PBCH / SIB broadcast by the serving satellite. The UE can be able to derive the transmission time difference (or pass time difference) of positioning signals corresponding to different satellites based on the timestamps.
[0080] ● Time offset. For example, the satellites / gateways / network nodes may coordinate and know the transmission time (or pass time of reference point) of positioning signals from each other. The time offset of positioning signal transmission time between a satellite and other satellites may be indicated via the satellite.
[0081] ● Periodicity. The periodicity of positioning signals of a satellite may be indicated to the UE. The UE can derive the absolute transmission time of multiple positioning signals of same satellite based on periodicity and limited timestamps.
[0082] Example 2: The satellite position when measurement is performed can be known by the UE (e.g., to implement geometry based positioning) . To achieve this purpose, at least one of following assistance information may be indicated to the UE.
[0083] ● Satellite ephemeris.
[0084] ● Satellite position (e.g., when RS is transmitted, or when the assistance information is transmitted) .
[0085] ● Time information (for above information) . For example, the time information can be an epoch time or the time of assistance information indication. In some embodiments, the information may be for serving satellite or positioning satellite or candidate satellites that may be used for positioning or the satellite that covers the target area.
[0086] Example 3: Considering the high mobility of satellite (s) , the propagation delay as well as DL timing at UE may drift fast and can have an impact on the positioning (e.g., timing drift may cause varied time length of DL subframe and thus may affect measurement accuracy) . To better mitigate the impact of timing drift, the timing drift related information may be indicated to the UE. To achieve this purpose, at least one of following assistance information may be indicated to the UE.
[0087] ● Common TA related information. For example, the common TA related information can be a common TA, a common TA drift rate, a common TA drift variation, or a higher order of common TA drift rate.
[0088] ● Timing / delay drift related information on feeder link. For example, the timing / delay drift related information can be a timing / delay drift, a timing / delay drift rate, a timing / delay drift variation, or a higher order of timing / delay drift rate.
[0089] ● Timing / delay drift related information on service link. For example, the timing / delay drift related information can be a timing / delay drift, a timing / delay drift rate, a timing / delay drift variation, or a higher order of timing / delay drift rate.
[0090] ● Timing / delay drift related information on full link. For example, the timing / delay drift related information can be a timing / delay drift, a timing / delay drift rate, a timing / delay drift variation, or a higher order of timing / delay drift rate.
[0091] ● Position of beam center (e.g., center direction / position / line of a beam) . The UE can then coarsely estimate the service link timing / delay drift based on a satellite velocity, a satellite position, and / or a beam center position.
[0092] ● Time information (for above information) . For example, the time information can be an epoch time or the time of assistance information indication.
[0093] Example 4: Which satellites are used for positioning can be known by UE. In geometry based positioning solution, to achieve better positioning performance, the geometry of anchor points can be well spread. When multiple satellites are available, proper configuration of satellites for positioning can be considered to achieve smaller PDOP and thus better positioning accuracy. To achieve this purpose, at least one of following assistance information may be indicated to the UE.
[0094] ● Satellite ID.
[0095] ● Ephemeris of satellite.
[0096] ● Other assistance information associated with a satellite (e.g., satellite position, common TA information, timing / delay drift information, time / frequency / spatial resource, measurement gap, association relationship or others mentioned above) .
[0097] ● Whether a satellite is used for positioning.
[0098] ● Time information (for above information) . For example, the time information can be an epoch time or the time of assistance information indication.
[0099] The indication on whether a satellite is used for positioning may be indicated via a 1-bit indication, e.g., 1 may indicate that the corresponding satellite can be used for positioning and 0 may indicate that not used for positioning, or when the signaling is indicated it may mean it is used for positioning and, when not indicated, it may mean it is not used for positioning. The 1- bit indication may be included in the indication / configuration (of assistance information / parameter) for each satellite. The signaling structure may be expressed as follows (enableForPositioning can be used to indicate whether used for positioning) .
[0100] (1) 1-bit. 1 may indicate that the corresponding satellite is used for positioning and 0 may indicate that not used for positioning.
[0101] (2) 1-bit. When configured it may mean that it is used for positioning, otherwise it may mean / indicate that is is not used for positioning.
[0102] In some embodiments, the indication on whether a satellite can be used for positioning may be indicated via a bitmap. Each bit of the bitmap may correspond to a satellite. When the corresponding bit is 1, the satellite can be used for positioning. 0 may mean / indicate that the satellite is not used for positioning. The bitmap may be indicated separately with other assistance information (e.g., mentioned above) . The bitmap may be associated with the satellites based on the order of assistance information from most significant bit (MSB) to least significant bit (LSB) or vice versa. In some embodiments, the bitmap may be associated with the satellites based on the based on the order of ID, for example from MSB to LSB or vice versa. The signaling structure may be expressed as follows (enableForPositioning can be used to indicate whether used for positioning) .
[0103] In some embodiments, the indication on whether a satellite can be used for positioning may be via an implicit indication. For example, when the assistance information associated with a satellite is indicated, the satellite can be used for positioning. The network may not indicate / configure the information of satellites that are not used for positioning. The signaling structure may be expressed as follows (posSatelliteAssistanceInformationList can be used to indicate the information of satellites that used for positioning) .
[0104] The assistance information mentioned above may be indicated via at least one of: a broadcast (e.g., SI broadcast, such as MIB, SIB, and / or PBCH) , a RRC signaling, a MAC CE signaling, PDCCH, or other signaling. The indication may be from the serving cell / satellite to the UE, or from an assistance node (e.g., a terrestrial station assisting positioning) to the UE, or from the satellite that covers the target area to the UE.
[0105] When the indication is from the serving cell / satellite / node, the indication may indicate a set of nodes that will provide at least one second signal, or indicate a set of nodes that will be used for positioning, or a set of nodes that can be monitored / measured by the UE (e.g., monitor or measure the signal from the nodes) . Moreover, the serving cell / satellite / node may indicate a trigger of measurement corresponding to the at least one second signal or the indicated node. The network may further indicate a threshold of measurement, e.g., for RSRP. The UE may report the node that can be seen, or the signal of the node can be monitored / detected, or the measurement of signal of the node is larger / smaller than or equal to the threshold. The report may be sent to the serving cell / satellite / node or respective node that providing second signal. The report may be triggered by the indication from the serving cell / satellite / node.
[0106] When the indication is from the cell / satellite / node providing at least one second signal, the indication may indicate the assistance information for the cell / satellite / node itself. Moreover, the cell / satellite / node may indicate a trigger of measurement corresponding to itself. The network may further indicate a threshold of measurement, e.g., for RSRP. The UE may report the node that can be seen, or the signal of the node can be monitored / detected, or the measurement of signal of the node is larger / smaller than or equal to the threshold. The report may be sent to the serving cell / satellite / node or respective node that providing second signal. The report may be triggered by the indication from the serving cell / satellite / node.
[0107] Implementation Example 3: Synchronization based on NTN based positioning
[0108] As introduced above, the pre-compensation based UL synchronization can be applied in a 5G NTN for instance, which utilizes the UE to have the GNSS capability to obtain its position. However, GNSS positioning may not be part of cellular communication system and may not be available when communication is available. Therefore, NTN based positioning solution as introduced in previous implementation examples can be considered used for pre-compensation. The UE may pre-compensate / estimate for the TA / delay corresponding to a service link based on measurement result (e.g., time of arrival, time difference of arrival, and / or angle of arrival) , satellite ephemeris / position, or time information. Moreover, the UE may also pre-compensate / estimate Doppler corresponding to service link based on a measurement result (e.g., time of arrival, time difference of arrival, angle of arrival, etc. ) , a UE velocity, a satellite ephemeris / position / velocity, and / or time information.
[0109] Considering that the number of available satellites is limited at early stage of NTN deployment, the UE may only be able to obtain a coarse UE location when the geometry of anchor satellites is not good enough, e.g., when position dilution of precision (PDOP) is high. On the other hand, if the receiving power of the positioning signal is low, the UE may also be able to obtain coarse UE location due to measurement error during positioning. To handle the residual time and frequency error after pre-compensation based on coarse UE location, the PRACH preamble may still be enhanced. However, as the coarse pre-compensation is able to handle the majority of time and frequency error, the range of time and frequency error to be estimated during RACH procedure can be significantly reduced. That is, minor enhancement of PRACH preamble compared to TN may be enough, e.g., increase the cyclic prefix (CP) length or subcarrier spacing (SCS) of preamble instead of changing the preamble sequence. For a UE that does not have capability of positioning, major enhancement of PRACH preamble may be considered, e.g., using two-root Zadoff Chu (ZC) sequence based PRACH format to estimate large Doppler. While for UE with capability to obtain precise UE location, same PRACH preamble as TN may be enough. Therefore, multiple PRACH formats may be defined to accommodate different time and frequency error range. The UE may determine to use different PRACH formats according to capability / accuracy of positioning.
[0110] Example 1: A PDOP threshold can be defined. If PDOP is smaller than (or equal to) the threshold, the PRACH format that is same as that for TN can be used. Otherwise, the PRACH formats tolerable to large time / frequency error can be used.
[0111] Example 2: N PDOP thresholds can be defined and N+1 sets of PRACH format can be defined. If PDOP is smaller than (or equal to) the lowest threshold, the PRACH format in first set can be used. If PDOP is larger than (or equal to) the lowest threshold and smaller than (or equal to) the second lowest threshold, the PRACH format in second set can be used and so on. If PDOP is larger than (or equal to) the largest threshold, the PRACH format in (N+1) th set can be used.
[0112] Example 3: If UE has the capability of positioning, the PRACH format that is same as that for TN can be used. Otherwise, the PRACH formats tolerable to large time / frequency error can be used.
[0113] Example 4: N capabilities can be defined. Each capability may correspond to a set of PRACH format. The UE may determine the PRACH format to be used according to capability. The capability may reflect different levels of positioning accuracy the UE can achieve.
[0114] Example 5: An RSRP threshold can be defined. If RSRP of signal (e.g., maximum / minimum RSRP of positioning signals) is larger than (or equal to) the threshold, the PRACH format that is same as that for TN can be used. Otherwise, the PRACH formats tolerable to large time / frequency error can be used.
[0115] Example 6: N RSRP thresholds can be defined and N+1 sets of PRACH format can be defined. If RSRP of signal (e.g., maximum / minimum RSRP of positioning signals) is larger than (or equal to) the highest threshold, the PRACH format in a first set can be used. If RSRP of signal (e.g., maximum / minimum RSRP of positioning signals) is smaller than (or equal to) the highest threshold and larger than (or equal to) the second highest threshold, the PRACH format in a second set can be used and so on. If RSRP of signal (e.g., maximum / minimum RSRP of positioning signals) is smaller than (or equal to) the lowest threshold, the PRACH format in an (N+1) th set can be used.
[0116] Example 7: A threshold of satellite number (e.g., the number of satellites) can be defined. If the number of satellites used for positioning is larger than (or equal to) the threshold, the PRACH format that is same as that for TN can be used. Otherwise, the PRACH formats tolerable to large time / frequency error can be used.
[0117] Example 8: N thresholds of satellite number can be defined and N+1 sets of PRACH format can be defined. Similar as example 6.
[0118] Example 9: A threshold of time interval between measurements of same satellite can be defined. For example, as shown in FIG. 5, the satellite position at different time instants can be regarded as different anchor points. To achieve better geometry, the time interval between two measurements can be large enough to ensure the anchor points are well spread. Hence, the time interval can reflect the positioning accuracy and following operation can be considered. If the (maximum / minimum) time interval between measurements of same satellite is larger than (or equal to) the threshold, the PRACH format same as TN can be used. Otherwise, the PRACH formats tolerable to large time / frequency error can be used.
[0119] Example 10: N thresholds of time intervals between measurements of same satellite can be defined and N+1 sets of PRACH format can be defined. Similar as example 6.
[0120] Note that the above examples may be used in combination. For example, the thresholds for satellite number and time interval between measurements of same satellite can be defined. When the satellite number is small but time interval between measurements of same satellite is large, the positioning accuracy may also be thought / considered good enough. In such case, a possible implementation is that two thresholds are defined for satellite number and time interval between measurements of same satellite respectively. If satellite number is larger than the threshold or time interval between measurements of same satellite is larger than the threshold, the PRACH format same as TN can be used. Otherwise (e.g., satellite number is smaller than the threshold and time interval is smaller than the threshold) the PRACH formats tolerable to large time / frequency error can be used.
[0121] After receiving PRACH from the UE, the network can estimate the residual time offset (TO) and frequency offset (FO) based on the preamble. To help UE correct the residual TO, the network may indicate TA in RAR / Msg2, which may follow similar procedure as in 5G. However, considering that different PRACH formats may correspond to different TO ranges, multiple RAR formats may be defined corresponding to PRACH formats with different TO tolerable ranges. The UE may monitor RAR corresponding to the PRACH format sent in Msg1. Moreover, considering that FO can be large when UE cannot obtain accuracy position, the network may also indicate frequency correction value in RAR / Msg2. The UE may adjust UL frequency according to the indication from the network. The UL frequency synchronization can therefore be achieved with lower network implementation complexity.
[0122] As mentioned in implementation example 1, there may be a deployment such that multiple satellites can serve a same area. In such a case, how to determine and report the target satellite the UE aims to access can be considered. Regarding determination of serving satellite, following solutions can be considered / utilized.
[0123] In some embodiments, the UE may determine the serving satellite or the satellite to access according to a reference signal received power (RSRP) . For example, the UE can measure the RSRPs of DL signals or positioning signals from different satellites. The UE may select the satellite corresponding to largest RSRP as a serving satellite.
[0124] In some embodiments, the UE may determine the serving satellite or the satellite to access according to a distance / delay between UE and the satellite. For example, the UE may be able to know / determine order of distance to the satellites, e.g., based on time different of arrival measurement. The UE may select the nearest satellite as a serving satellite.
[0125] In some embodiments, the UE may determine the serving satellite or the satellite to access according to elevation angle of the satellite. For example, the UE may be able to estimate the elevation angle, e.g., based on the measurement of angle of arrival. The UE may select the satellite with highest elevation angle as a serving satellite.
[0126] Regarding reporting of the target satellite to access, one or more of following solutions can be considered / utilized.
[0127] ● Different satellites correspond to different set of RACH resources or PRACH formats, e.g., RO, frequency resource, spatial resource, preamble sequence, root, and / or cyclic shift.
[0128] ● The UE may report the selected satellite in Msg3 or MsgA in random access. For example, the satellite / cell / TRP ID of the serving satellite can be reported in Msg3 or MsgA.
[0129] ● The UE may report the selected satellite in Msg5 or signaling after initial access. For example, the UE may report the satellite / cell / TRP ID of the serving satellite.
[0130] ● The UE may apply the RAR from the target satellite, and the network can identify the target satellite according to a specific implementation. The UE may send PRACH preamble to the satellites and may receive more than one RAR. The UE can apply the RAR from target satellite / cell / TRP for Msg3 transmission. The TA for different satellites can be varied, and satellites other than the serving satellite may not be able to receive Msg3 at the correct timing. Hence, the satellite that can correctly receive Msg3 can be the serving satellite. If multiple satellites have similar TA, the network may consider to allocate different resource (e.g., time and frequency resource for Msg3) in RAR from different satellites and identify the selected serving satellite based on the resource of successfully received Msg3.
[0131] ● The UE may send msg3 which carries the TC-RNTI associated with target satellite. For example, if different satellites corresponding to different cells, the TC-RNTI associated with the satellites can also be different. The network may know the target satellite selected by UE based on the TC-RNTI.
[0132] ● The UE may send PRACH preamble in RACH occasion (RO) associated with synchronization signal (e.g., SSB) corresponding to a target satellite. For example, different satellites may correspond to different SS / beam. Each SS / beam can be mapped to at least one RO. Based on the RO used by UE to send PRACH, the network can identify the mapped SS / beam and the associated satellite.
[0133] In NTN, after pre-compensation, the network may not know the exact TA applied by UE, which makes scheduling less efficient at network. For example, the scheduling offset between a PDCCH and corresponding PUSCH can be larger than the TA to ensure the UE have enough processing time to decode DCI and prepare PUSCH. If the network does not know the exact TA applied by the UE, the network can configure the offset based on the maximum possible TA within the cell, which may cause unnecessarily large scheduling delay. For time division duplex (TDD) or half duplex frequency division duplexing (HD-FDD) scenario, to avoid UL-DL collision, guard time may consider the TA mismatch between UE and network, which can cause resource waste. Therefore, the UE may report information to help network know the TA applied by the UE. Following information may be reported.
[0134] ● Report TA (applied by the UE) . The reported TA may be service link TA, feeder link TA, whole TA, or TA corresponds to an uplink time synchronization reference point.
[0135] ● UE position. The network can derive the pre-compensated TA based on UE position and satellite position, which is similar to the UE pre-compensation procedure.
[0136] ● UE velocity and / or time information. For a mobile UE, network may be able to derive UE position according to the velocity and time information. The signaling overhead to report can be reduced.
[0137] ● Positioning measurement result. The network may derive the UE position according to the measurement result following similar method as the UE.
[0138] ● Uplink reference signal, e.g., sounding reference signal (SRS) . The network may perform positioning based on UL-time difference of arrival (TDOA) method according to the measurement of UL RS.
[0139] In some embodiments, the report may be via Msg3, Msg5, or other signal after initial access. The enabling / disabling of report mentioned above may be controlled by network. For example, the network may indicate whether the report is enabled via at least one of broadcast signaling (e.g., PBCH, MIB, SIB) , RRC signaling, MAC CE signaling, or DCI signaling. Moreover, there may be UEs that do not support the report. Hence, UE may indicate the capability of the report to the network. The capability may be indicated via at least one of followings:
[0140] ● Report after random access similar as other capabilities.
[0141] ● Report in Msg3. For example, the capability may be indicated through the Msg3 payload, MAC CE, MAC subheader, logical channel ID (LCID) point, scrambling ID.
[0142] ● Report in Msg1 according to the selected preamble set.
[0143] It should be understood that one or more features from the above / following implementation examples are not exclusive to the specific implementation examples, but can be combined in any manner (e.g., in any priority and / or order, concurrently or otherwise) .
[0144] FIG. 9 illustrates a flow diagram of a method 900 for positioning. The method 900 may be implemented using any one or more of the components and devices detailed herein in conjunction with FIGs. 1–8. In overview, the method 900 may be performed by a wireless communication device (e.g., a UE) , in some embodiments. Additional, fewer, or different operations may be performed in the method 900 depending on the embodiment. At least one aspect of the operations is directed to a system, method, apparatus, or a computer-readable medium.
[0145] A wireless communication device (e.g., a user equipment (UE) ) may receive at least one first signaling including assistance information for positioning. The wireless communication device may perform at least one measurement according to the assistance information and at least one second signal. In some embodiments, the at least one first signaling and the at least one second signal can be separate signals. The at least one first signaling (e.g., a radio resource configuration (RRC) signaling) may carry assistance information. The at least one second signal (e.g., a primary synchronization signal (PSS) , a secondary synchronization signal (SSS) ) can be separate signal (s) for measurement / positioning.
[0146] In some embodiments, the wireless communication device may send at least one report. The at least one report may include / indicate at least one of: a timing advance (TA) ; a position of the wireless communication device; a velocity of the wireless communication device; time information of the wireless communication device; the at least one measurement result; an uplink reference signal; an identity of a serving network node; an indication of whether a network node is seen; an indication of whether a signal from a network node is monitored or detected; an indication of whether receiving power or receiving quality of signal from a network node is larger than a threshold; or a capability of the at least one report. In some embodiments, a network may indicate a UE a set of positioning satellites / nodes or indicate the UE to measure second signals from a set of satellites / nodes. The UE may not be able to see / detect some of the satellites or may not receive the signals from some of the satellites, especially considering that a satellite has high mobility. The UE may report to the network which of satellite (s) or network node (s) can be seen or have an adequate power / capacity / capability to enable measurement of high quality.
[0147] In some embodiments, the at least one report can be sent / communicated to at least one of: a serving network node (e.g., a serving satellite / cell) ; a plurality of network nodes (e.g., satellites / cells) used for positioning; a plurality of network nodes providing the at least one second signal; a plurality of network nodes providing respective second signals for the at least one measurement; a plurality of network nodes providing the at least one first signaling; or a plurality of network nodes providing respective first signalings for the at least one measurement. In some embodiments, the at least one report can be sent / communicated via at least one of: a radio resource configuration (RRC) signaling; a media access control control element (MAC CE) signaling; a non-access stratum (NAS) signaling; a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) ; a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) ; a resource of a random access channel (RACH) ; a format of a physical random access channel (PRACH) ; a Msg3 or MsgA; a Msg5 or a signaling occurring after initial access; an uplink transmission; or an application of random access response (RAR) . In some embodiments, the wireless communication device may send the at least one report in a connected mode (for connected mode positioning) . The wireless communication device may also send the report to a network node providing signals for measurement instead of only to a serving node.
[0148] In some embodiments, the wireless communication device can be in an idle mode when / during at least one of: receiving the at least one first signaling, or performing the at least one measurement. In some embodiments, the at least one first signaling may comprise at least one of: a master information block (MIB) signaling; a system information block (SIB) signaling; a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) signaling; a dedicated radio resource control (RRC) signaling; a media access control control element (MAC CE) signaling; or a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) signaling.
[0149] In some embodiments, the at least one second signal may comprise at least one of: a primary synchronization signal (PSS) ; a secondary synchronization signal (SSS) ; a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) ; a synchronization signal block (SSB) ; a positioning reference signal (PRS) ; a cell reference signal (CRS) ; a channel status information reference signal (CSI-RS) ; a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS) ; a monitoring signal; a sensing signal; a single carrier signal; a reference carrier; a wake up signal; or a signal indicated by a network prior to initial access to the network by the wireless communication device. In some embodiments, the second signals can be reference signals used for measurement instead of a signaling indicating some information. For example, a PSS received by a UE can be used to measure a DL timing. The PSS can be used to estimate a arrival time difference. In certain embodiments, the PSS may not carry assistance information, e.g., ephemeris, as a SIB signaling.
[0150] In some embodiments, the at least one first signaling can be received from a serving network node or from a plurality of network nodes (e.g., satellites) in at least one of: a frequency division multiplexing (FDM) manner (e.g., using different frequency domain resources) ; a time division multiplexing (TDM) manner (e.g., using different time domain resources) ; or a spatial division multiplexing (SDM) manner (e.g., using different spatial domain resources) .
[0151] In some embodiments, when the at least one first signaling is received from the serving network node, the at least one first signaling may include assistance information corresponding to all network nodes used for positioning. In some embodiments, the wireless communication device may send at least one report to the serving network node. The wireless communication device may send at least one report to at least one network node providing the at least one second signal, respectively. The at least one report may comprise information for the at least one network node providing the at least one second signal.
[0152] In some embodiments, when the at least one first signaling is received from a plurality of network nodes, the at least one first signaling may include respective assistance information corresponding to each of the network nodes. In some embodiments, the wireless communication device may send at least one report to at least one network node providing the at least one first signaling, respectively. The wireless communication device may send the at least one report to at least one network node providing the at least one second signal, respectively.
[0153] In some embodiments, the at least one second signal can be received from a plurality of network nodes in at least one of: a frequency division multiplexing (FDM) manner; a time division multiplexing (TDM) manner; or a spatial division multiplexing (SDM) manner. In some embodiments, when the at least one second signal is received from the plurality of network nodes in the FDM manner, each of the plurality of network nodes may provide a signal corresponding to at least one frequency domain resource different from others of the plurality of network nodes. In some embodiments, the wireless communication device may perform measurement of the signal within the at least one frequency domain resource.
[0154] In some embodiments, when the at least one second signal is received from the plurality of network nodes in the TDM manner, each of the plurality of network nodes may provide a signal corresponding to at least one time domain resource different from others of the plurality of network nodes. In some embodiments, the wireless communication device may perform measurement of the signal within the at least one time domain resource.
[0155] In some embodiments, when the at least one second signal is received from the plurality of network nodes in the SDM manner, each of the plurality of network nodes may provide a signal corresponding to at least one spatial domain resource different from others of the plurality of network nodes. In some embodiments, the wireless communication device may perform measurement of the at least one second signal within the at least one spatial domain resource. In some embodiments, the at least one spatial domain resource may comprise at least one of: an antenna port, a beam, a direction, a quasi co location (QCL) relationship, an antenna direction, a beamforming pattern, or a codebook.
[0156] In some embodiments, the wireless communication device may determine to perform the at least one measurement according to a configuration. The configuration may comprise one of: a plurality of network nodes that do not serve a same area simultaneously; a plurality of network nodes that serve a same area simultaneously with different resources; a plurality of network nodes that transmit downlink signals to a same area simultaneously in different resources and receive uplink signals in a same resource; or a plurality of network nodes that serve a same area simultaneously with a same resource.
[0157] In some embodiments, the wireless communication device may determine a location of the wireless communication device according to the at least one first signaling or the at least one measurement. In some embodiments, the location can be determined based on assistance information and / or a measurement result.
[0158] In some embodiments, the assistance information may comprise an indication of at least one of: a trigger of the at least one measurement; a trigger of the measurement corresponding to a current network node; a trigger of the measurement corresponding to at least one network node providing the at least one second signal; a trigger of the measurement corresponding to at least one network node that is used for positioning; a trigger or enabling of at least one report; a trigger or enabling of the at least one report corresponding to a current network node; a trigger or enabling of the at least one report corresponding to at least one network node providing the at least one second signal; a trigger or enabling of the at least one report corresponding to at least one network node that is used for positioning; a reference signal (RS) sequence; a time domain resource for receiving the at least one second signal; a frequency domain resource for receiving the at least one second signal; a spatial domain resource for receiving the at least one second signal; a measurement, monitoring or reception gap for the at least one second signal; an association relationship; a time stamp of the assistance information; a time offset; a periodicity; ephemeris information of a satellite or network node; a position of a satellite or network node; an epoch time; common timing advance (TA) related information; timing drift related information on a feeder link; timing drift related information on a service link; timing drift related information on a full link; a position of a center of a beam; an identity (ID) of a network node or cell; or an indication of whether the network node is used for positioning.
[0159] In some embodiments, the wireless communication device may perform a physical random access channel (PRACH) transmission according to the at least one measurement or a positioning result. In some embodiments, a format of the PRACH transmission can be determined according to at least one of: a value of position dilution of precision (PDOP) relative to at least one PDOP threshold; a number of network nodes relative to at least one threshold; a capability of the wireless communication device; a value of reference signal received power (RSRP) relative to at least one RSRP threshold; or a time interval between measurements, relative to at least one interval threshold.
[0160] In some embodiments, the wireless communication device may determine a timing advance (TA) for the PRACH transmission according to at least one of: the at least one measurement; a position of the wireless communication device; a position of a serving network node or a positioning network node; ephemeris information of a satellite or a network node; common TA related information; an epoch time; or time information of at least one of aforementioned parameter. In some embodiments, the wireless communication device may monitor a random access response (RAR) corresponding to a format of the PRACH transmission.
[0161] In some embodiments, the wireless communication device may determine a timing advance (TA) or pre-compensate Doppler for a UL transmission according to at least one of: the at least one measurement; a position of the wireless communication device; a position of a serving network node or a positioning network node; ephemeris information of a satellite or a network node; common TA related information; an epoch time; or time information of at least one of aforementioned parameter. In some embodiments, the wireless communication device may determine a TA or pre-compensate Doppler corresponding to service link according to at least one of: the at least one measurement; a position of the wireless communication device; a position of a serving network node or a positioning network node; ephemeris information of a satellite or a network node; an epoch time; or time information of at least one of aforementioned parameter. In some embodiments, the wireless communication device may determine a TA corresponding to link between uplink time synchronization reference point and the satellite according to at least one of: common TA related information; an epoch time; or time information of at least one of aforementioned parameter.
[0162] In some embodiments, the at least one network node may send at least one single carrier signal. The wireless communication device may measure the carrier phase or carrier phase difference corresponding to the at least one network. The UE may determine the position or TA or service link TA according to the carrier phase or carrier phase difference and the assistance information.
[0163] In some embodiments, the wireless communication device may determine a serving network node, according to at least one of: a reference signal received power (RSRP) ; a distance between the wireless communication device and the network node; or an elevation angle of the network node.
[0164] In some embodiments, a network node (e.g., a satellite or a cell) may send at least one first signaling including assistance information for positioning to a wireless communication device (e.g., a user equipment (UE) ) . The wireless communication device may perform at least one measurement according to the assistance information and at least one second signal.
[0165] While various embodiments of the present solution have been described above, it should be understood that they have been presented by way of example only, and not by way of limitation. Likewise, the various diagrams may depict an example architectural or configuration, which are provided to enable persons of ordinary skill in the art to understand example features and functions of the present solution. Such persons would understand, however, that the solution is not restricted to the illustrated example architectures or configurations, but can be implemented using a variety of alternative architectures and configurations. Additionally, as would be understood by persons of ordinary skill in the art, one or more features of one embodiment can be combined with one or more features of another embodiment described herein. Thus, the breadth and scope of the present disclosure should not be limited by any of the above-described illustrative embodiments.
[0166] It is also understood that any reference to an element herein using a designation such as "first, " "second, " and so forth does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. Rather, these designations can be used herein as a convenient means of distinguishing between two or more elements or instances of an element. Thus, a reference to first and second elements does not mean that only two elements can be employed, or that the first element must precede the second element in some manner.
[0167] Additionally, a person having ordinary skill in the art would understand that information and signals can be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits and symbols, for example, which may be referenced in the above description can be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.
[0168] A person of ordinary skill in the art would further appreciate that any of the various illustrative logical blocks, modules, processors, means, circuits, methods and functions described in connection with the aspects disclosed herein can be implemented by electronic hardware (e.g., a digital implementation, an analog implementation, or a combination of the two) , firmware, various forms of program or design code incorporating instructions (which can be referred to herein, for convenience, as "software" or a "software module) , or any combination of these techniques. To clearly illustrate this interchangeability of hardware, firmware and software, various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits, and steps have been described above generally in terms of their functionality. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware, firmware or software, or a combination of these techniques, depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system. Skilled artisans can implement the described functionality in various ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions do not cause a departure from the scope of the present disclosure.
[0169] Furthermore, a person of ordinary skill in the art would understand that various illustrative logical blocks, modules, devices, components and circuits described herein can be implemented within or performed by an integrated circuit (IC) that can include a general purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, or any combination thereof. The logical blocks, modules, and circuits can further include antennas and / or transceivers to communicate with various components within the network or within the device. A general purpose processor can be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor can be any conventional processor, controller, or state machine. A processor can also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other suitable configuration to perform the functions described herein.
[0170] If implemented in software, the functions can be stored as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Thus, the steps of a method or algorithm disclosed herein can be implemented as software stored on a computer-readable medium. Computer-readable media includes both computer storage media and communication media including any medium that can be enabled to transfer a computer program or code from one place to another. A storage media can be any available media that can be accessed by a computer. By way of example, and not limitation, such computer-readable media can include RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that can be used to store desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed by a computer.
[0171] In this document, the term "module" as used herein, refers to software, firmware, hardware, and any combination of these elements for performing the associated functions described herein. Additionally, for purpose of discussion, the various modules are described as discrete modules; however, as would be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art, two or more modules may be combined to form a single module that performs the associated functions according embodiments of the present solution.
[0172] Additionally, memory or other storage, as well as communication components, may be employed in embodiments of the present solution. It will be appreciated that, for clarity purposes, the above description has described embodiments of the present solution with reference to different functional units and processors. However, it will be apparent that any suitable distribution of functionality between different functional units, processing logic elements or domains may be used without detracting from the present solution. For example, functionality illustrated to be performed by separate processing logic elements, or controllers, may be performed by the same processing logic element, or controller. Hence, references to specific functional units are only references to a suitable means for providing the described functionality, rather than indicative of a strict logical or physical structure or organization.
[0173] Various modifications to the embodiments described in this disclosure will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be applied to other embodiments without departing from the scope of this disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the novel features and principles disclosed herein, as recited in the claims below.
Claims
1.A method comprising:receiving, by a wireless communication device, at least one first signaling including assistance information for positioning; andperforming, by the wireless communication device, at least one measurement according to the assistance information and at least one second signal.2.The method of claim 1, further comprising:sending, by the wireless communication device, at least one report including at least one of:a timing advance (TA) ;a position of the wireless communication device;a velocity of the wireless communication device;time information of the wireless communication device;the at least one measurement result;an uplink reference signal;an identity of a serving network node;an indication of whether a network node is seen;an indication of whether a signal from a network node is monitored or detected;an indication of whether receiving power or receiving quality of signal from a network node is larger than a threshold; ora capability of the at least one report.3.The method of claim 2, wherein the at least one report is to at least one of:a serving network node;a plurality of network nodes used for positioning;a plurality of network nodes providing the at least one second signal;a plurality of network nodes providing respective second signals for the at least one measurement;a plurality of network nodes providing the at least one first signaling; ora plurality of network nodes providing respective first signalings for the at least one measurement.4.The method of claim 2, wherein the at least one report is via at least one of:a radio resource configuration (RRC) signaling;a media access control control element (MAC CE) signaling;a non-access stratum (NAS) signaling;a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) ;a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) ;a resource of a random access channel (RACH) ;a format of a physical random access channel (PRACH) ;a Msg3 or MsgA;a Msg5 or a signaling occurring after initial access;an uplink transmission; oran application of random access response (RAR) .5.The method of claim 1, wherein the wireless communication device is in an idle mode when at least one of: receiving the at least one first signaling, or performing the at least one measurement.6.The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one first signaling comprises at least one of:a master information block (MIB) signaling;a system information block (SIB) signaling;a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) signaling;a dedicated radio resource control (RRC) signaling;a media access control control element (MAC CE) signaling; ora physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) signaling.7.The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one second signal comprises at least one of:a primary synchronization signal (PSS) ;a secondary synchronization signal (SSS) ;a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) ;a synchronization signal block (SSB) ;a positioning reference signal (PRS) ;a cell reference signal (CRS) ;a channel status information reference signal (CSI-RS) ;a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS) ;a monitoring signal;a sensing signal;a wake up signal; ora signal indicated by a network prior to initial access to the network by the wireless communication device.8.The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one first signaling is received from a serving network node or from a plurality of network nodes in at least one of:a frequency division multiplexing (FDM) manner;a time division multiplexing (TDM) manner; ora spatial division multiplexing (SDM) manner.9.The method of claim 8, wherein when the at least one first signaling is received from the serving network node, the at least one first signaling includes assistance information corresponding to all network nodes used for positioning.10.The method of claim 9, comprising at least one of:sending, by the wireless communication device to the serving network node, at least one report; orsending, by the wireless communication device to at least one network node providing the at least one second signal respectively, the at least one report;wherein the at least one report comprises information for the at least one network node providing the at least one second signal.11.The method of claim 8, wherein when the at least one first signaling is received from a plurality of network nodes, the at least one first signaling includes respective assistance information corresponding to each of the network nodes.12.The method of claim 11, comprising at least one:sending, by the wireless communication device to at least one network node providing the at least one first signaling respectively, at least one report; orsending, by the wireless communication device to at least one network node providing the at least one second signal respectively, the at least one report.13.The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one second signal is received from a plurality of network nodes in at least one of:a frequency division multiplexing (FDM) manner;a time division multiplexing (TDM) manner; ora spatial division multiplexing (SDM) manner.14.The method of claim 13, wherein when the at least one second signal is received from the plurality of network nodes in the FDM manner, each of the plurality of network nodes provides a signal corresponding to at least one frequency domain resource different from others of the plurality of network nodes.15.The method of claim 14, wherein the wireless communication device performs measurement of the signal within the at least one frequency domain resource.16.The method of claim 13, wherein when the at least one second signal is received from the plurality of network nodes in the TDM manner, each of the plurality of network nodes provides a signal corresponding to at least one time domain resource different from others of the plurality of network nodes.17.The method of claim 16, wherein the wireless communication device performs measurement of the signal within the at least one time domain resource.18.The method of claim 13, wherein when the at least one second signal is received from the plurality of network nodes in the SDM manner, each of the plurality of network nodes provides a signal corresponding to at least one spatial domain resource different from others of the plurality of network nodes.19.The method of claim 18, wherein the wireless communication device performs measurement of the at least one second signal within the at least one spatial domain resource.20.The method of claim 19, wherein the at least one spatial domain resource comprises at least one of: an antenna port, a beam, a direction, a quasi co location (QCL) relationship, an antenna direction, a beamforming pattern, or a codebook.21.The method of claim 1, comprising:determining, by the wireless communication device, to perform the at least one measurement according to a configuration, the configuration comprising one of:a plurality of network nodes that do not serve a same area simultaneously;a plurality of network nodes that serve a same area simultaneously with different resources;a plurality of network nodes that transmit downlink signals to a same area simultaneously in different resources and receive uplink signals in a same resource; ora plurality of network nodes that serve a same area simultaneously with a same resource.22.The method of claim 1, comprising:determining, by the wireless communication device, a location of the wireless communication device according to the at least one first signaling or the at least one measurement.23.The method of claim 1, wherein the assistance information comprises an indication of at least one of:a trigger of the at least one measurement;a trigger of the measurement corresponding to a current network node;a trigger of the measurement corresponding to at least one network node providing the at least one second signal;a trigger of the measurement corresponding to at least one network node that is used for positioning;a trigger or enabling of at least one report;a trigger or enabling of the at least one report corresponding to a current network node;a trigger or enabling of the at least one report corresponding to at least one network node providing the at least one second signal;a trigger or enabling of the at least one report corresponding to at least one network node that is used for positioning;a reference signal (RS) sequence;a time domain resource for receiving the at least one second signal;a frequency domain resource for receiving the at least one second signal;a spatial domain resource for receiving the at least one second signal;a measurement, monitoring or reception gap for the at least one second signal;an association relationship;a time stamp of the assistance information;a time offset;a periodicity;ephemeris information of a satellite or network node;a position of a satellite or network node;an epoch time;common timing advance (TA) related information;timing drift related information on a feeder link;timing drift related information on a service link;timing drift related information on a full link;a position of a center of a beam;an identity (ID) of a network node or cell; oran indication of whether the network node is used for positioning.24.The method of claim 1, comprising:performing, by the wireless communication device, a physical random access channel (PRACH) transmission according to the at least one measurement or a positioning result.25.The method of claim 24, wherein a format of the PRACH transmission is determined according to at least one of:a value of position dilution of precision (PDOP) relative to at least one PDOP threshold;a number of network nodes relative to at least one threshold;a capability of the wireless communication device;a value of reference signal received power (RSRP) relative to at least one RSRP threshold; ora time interval between measurements, relative to at least one interval threshold.26.The method of claim 24, comprising:determining, by the wireless communication device, a timing advance (TA) for the PRACH transmission according to at least one of:the at least one measurement;a position of the wireless communication device;a position of a serving network node or a positioning network node;ephemeris information of a satellite or a network node;common TA related information;an epoch time; ortime information of at least one of aforementioned parameter.27.The method of claim 24, comprising:monitoring, by the wireless communication device, a random access response (RAR) corresponding to a format of the PRACH transmission.28.The method of claim 1, comprising:determining, by the wireless communication device, a serving network node, according to at least one of:a reference signal received power (RSRP) ;a distance between the wireless communication device and the network node; oran elevation angle of the network node.29.A method comprising:sending, by a network node to a wireless communication device, at least one first signaling including assistance information for positioning,wherein the wireless communication device performs at least one measurement according to the assistance information and at least one second signal.30.A non-transitory computer readable medium storing instructions, which when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform the method of any one of claims 1-29.31.An apparatus comprising:at least one processor configured to perform the method of any one of claims 1-29.
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