Narrowband physical random access channel transmission method and device for non-terrestrial network-based internet of things

Abstract

An operating method of a first device (100) in a wireless communication system is presented. The method comprises the steps of: transmitting a random access preamble to a base station (200) on the basis of a physical random access channel resource; and receiving, from the base station (200), a random access response including a random access preamble identifier related to the physical random access channel resource, in response to the random access preamble, wherein an orthogonal cover code can be applied to the physical random access channel resource on the basis of an orthogonal cover code index.

Description

Narrowband Physical Random Access Channel Transmission Method and Device for the Internet of Things Based on Non-Terrestrial Networks

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a wireless communication system.

[0002] 5G NR, the successor to LTE (long-term evolution), is a new clean-slate mobile communications system characterized by high performance, low latency, and high availability. 5G NR can utilize all available spectrum resources, from low-frequency bands below 1 GHz, mid-frequency bands between 1 GHz and 10 GHz, and high-frequency (millimeter wave) bands above 24 GHz.

[0003] The 6G (wireless communication) system aims to achieve (i) very high data rates per device, (ii) a very large number of connected devices, (iii) global connectivity, (iv) very low latency, (v) low energy consumption for battery-free Internet of Things (IoT) devices, (vi) ultra-reliable connectivity, and (vii) connected intelligence with machine learning capabilities. The vision of the 6G system can be divided into four aspects: intelligent connectivity, deep connectivity, holographic connectivity, and ubiquitous connectivity, and the 6G system can satisfy the requirements as shown in Table 1 below. For example, Table 1 can represent an example of the requirements of a 6G system.

[0004] Peak data rate per device 1 Tbps E2E latency 1 ms Max spectral efficiency 100 bps / Hz Mobility support Up to 1000 km / hr Satellite integration Fully AI Fully Autonomous vehicles Fully XR Fully Haptic communications Fully

[0005] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a method that can be performed by a first device can be provided. For example, the method includes: transmitting a random access preamble to a base station based on a physical random access channel resource; and receiving, in response to the random access preamble, a random access response from the base station, the random access preamble identifier associated with the physical random access channel resource, wherein the physical random access channel resource is a resource to which an orthogonal cover code is applied based on an orthogonal cover code index, and the random access preamble identifier can be determined based on a subchannel index associated with the physical random access channel resource and the orthogonal cover code index.

[0006] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a first device may be provided. For example, the first device may include: at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the first device to: transmit a random access preamble to a base station based on a physical random access channel resource; and, in response to the random access preamble, receive a random access response from the base station, the random access preamble identifier associated with the physical random access channel resource, wherein the physical random access channel resource is a resource to which an orthogonal cover code is applied based on an orthogonal cover code index, and the random access preamble identifier may be determined based on a subchannel index associated with the physical random access channel resource and the orthogonal cover code index.

[0007] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a processing device configured to control a first device may be provided. For example, the processing device may include: at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the first device to: transmit a random access preamble to a base station based on a physical random access channel resource; and, in response to the random access preamble, receive a random access response from the base station, the random access preamble identifier associated with the physical random access channel resource, wherein the physical random access channel resource is a resource to which an orthogonal cover code is applied based on an orthogonal cover code index, and the random access preamble identifier may be determined based on a subchannel index associated with the physical random access channel resource and the orthogonal cover code index.

[0008] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having instructions recorded thereon may be provided. For example, the instructions, when executed, cause a first device to: transmit a random access preamble to a base station based on a physical random access channel resource; and, in response to the random access preamble, receive a random access response from the base station, the random access preamble identifier associated with the physical random access channel resource, wherein the physical random access channel resource is a resource to which an orthogonal cover code is applied based on an orthogonal cover code index, and the random access preamble identifier may be determined based on a subchannel index associated with the physical random access channel resource and the orthogonal cover code index.

[0009] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a method that can be performed by a second device may be provided. For example, the method includes: receiving a random access preamble from a first device based on a physical random access channel resource; and transmitting, in response to the random access preamble, a random access response including a random access preamble identifier associated with the physical random access channel resource to the first device, wherein the physical random access channel resource is a resource to which an orthogonal cover code is applied based on an orthogonal cover code index, and the random access preamble identifier can be determined based on a subchannel index associated with the physical random access channel resource and the orthogonal cover code index.

[0010] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a second device may be provided. For example, the second device may include: at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the second device to: receive a random access preamble from a first device based on a physical random access channel resource; and, in response to the random access preamble, transmit to the first device a random access response including a random access preamble identifier associated with the physical random access channel resource, wherein the physical random access channel resource is a resource to which an orthogonal cover code is applied based on an orthogonal cover code index, and the random access preamble identifier may be determined based on a subchannel index associated with the physical random access channel resource and the orthogonal cover code index.

[0011] FIG. 1 illustrates a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0012] FIG. 2 illustrates an electromagnetic spectrum according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0013] FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a typical scenario of an NTN based on a transparent payload, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0014] FIG. 4 illustrates an example of a typical scenario of an NTN based on a regenerative payload, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0015] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a sensing operation according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0016] FIG. 6 illustrates a slot structure of a frame according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0017] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a BWP according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0018] FIG. 8 illustrates a procedure for a terminal to perform V2X or SL communication according to a resource allocation mode, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0019] FIG. 9 illustrates a terminal-to-base station link (e.g., UL link) resource grid for narrowband Internet of Things (e.g., NB-IoT) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0020] FIG. 10 illustrates a group of randomly connected symbols according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0021] FIG. 11 illustrates units constituting a physical random access channel (e.g., NPRACH) resource according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0022] FIG. 12 illustrates an indexing scheme for a random access preamble identifier (e.g., RAPID) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0023] FIG. 13 illustrates a procedure of a method that can be performed by a first device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0024] FIG. 14 illustrates a procedure of a method that can be performed by a second device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0025] FIG. 15 illustrates a communication system (1) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0026] FIG. 16 illustrates a wireless device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0027] FIG. 17 illustrates a signal processing circuit for a transmission signal according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0028] FIG. 18 illustrates a wireless device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0029] FIG. 19 illustrates a mobile device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0030] FIG. 20 illustrates a vehicle or autonomous vehicle according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0031] As used herein, "A or B" can mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." In other words, as used herein, "A or B" can be interpreted as "A and / or B." For example, as used herein, "A, B or C" can mean "only A," "only B," "only C," or "any combination of A, B and C."

[0032] As used herein, a slash ( / ) or a comma can mean "and / or." For example, "A / B" can mean "A and / or B." Accordingly, "A / B" can mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." For example, "A, B, C" can mean "A, B, or C."

[0033] In this specification, "at least one of A and B" may mean "only A", "only B" or "both A and B". Additionally, in this specification, the expressions "at least one of A or B" or "at least one of A and / or B" may be interpreted identically to "at least one of A and B".

[0034] Additionally, in this specification, “at least one of A, B and C” can mean “only A,” “only B,” “only C,” or “any combination of A, B and C.” Additionally, “at least one of A, B or C” or “at least one of A, B and / or C” can mean “at least one of A, B and C.”

[0035] Additionally, parentheses used in this specification may mean "for example." Specifically, when indicated as "control information (PDCCH)", "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information." In other words, "control information" in this specification is not limited to "PDCCH," and "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information." Furthermore, even when indicated as "control information (e.g., PDCCH)", "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information."

[0036] In the following explanation, ‘when, if, in case of’ can be replaced with ‘based on’.

[0037] In this specification, the device obtaining information may include the information being (pre-)set to the device, the information being received from another entity to the device, or the device generating the information.

[0038] Technical features individually described in a single drawing in this specification may be implemented individually or simultaneously.

[0039] In this specification, higher layer parameters may be parameters that are set for the terminal, preset, or predefined. For example, a base station or network may transmit higher layer parameters to the terminal. For example, higher layer parameters may be transmitted via radio resource control (RRC) signaling or medium access control (MAC) signaling.

[0040] In this specification, "configured or defined" may be interpreted as being configured or preset to a device through predefined signaling (e.g., SIB, MAC, RRC) from a base station or network. In this specification, "configured or defined" may be interpreted as being preset to a device.

[0041] The technology proposed in this specification can be used in various wireless communication systems such as CDMA (code division multiple access), FDMA (frequency division multiple access), TDMA (time division multiple access), OFDMA (orthogonal frequency division multiple access), and SC-FDMA (single carrier frequency division multiple access). CDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as UTRA (universal terrestrial radio access) or CDMA2000. TDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as GSM (global system for mobile communications) / GPRS (general packet radio service) / EDGE (enhanced data rates for GSM evolution). OFDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802-20, E-UTRA (evolved UTRA), LTE (long term evolution), and 5G NR.

[0042] The technology proposed in this specification can be implemented with 6G wireless technology and applied to various 6G systems. For example, 6G systems can have key factors such as enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low latency communications (URLLC), massive machine-type communication (mMTC), artificial intelligence (AI) integrated communication, tactile internet, high throughput, high network capacity, high energy efficiency, low backhaul and access network congestion, and enhanced data security.

[0043] FIG. 1 illustrates a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 1 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0044] New network characteristics in 6G may include:

[0045] - Satellite integrated network

[0046] - Connected Intelligence: Unlike previous generations of wireless communication systems, 6G is revolutionary, upgrading the wireless evolution from "connected objects" to "connected intelligence." AI can be applied at every stage of the communication process (or at every signal processing step, as described below).

[0047] - Seamless integration of wireless information and energy transfer

[0048] - Ubiquitous super 3D connectivity: Access to networks and core network functions of drones and very low Earth orbit satellites will create super 3D connectivity in 6G ubiquitous.

[0049] Some general requirements for the new network characteristics of 6G, such as the above, may be as follows:

[0050] - small cell networks

[0051] - Ultra-dense heterogeneous network

[0052] - High-capacity backhaul

[0053] - Radar technology integrated with mobile technology: High-precision localization (or location-based services) through communications is a key feature of 6G wireless communication systems. Therefore, radar systems will be integrated with 6G networks.

[0054] - Softwarization and virtualization

[0055] Below, the core implementation technologies of the 6G system are described.

[0056] - Artificial Intelligence: Incorporating AI into communications can streamline and improve real-time data transmission. AI can use numerous analytics to determine how complex target tasks should be performed. For example, AI can increase efficiency and reduce processing delays. Time-consuming tasks such as handovers, network selection, and resource scheduling can be performed instantly using AI. AI can also play a crucial role in machine-to-machine (M2M), machine-to-human, and human-to-machine communications. AI can also facilitate rapid communication in brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). AI-based communication systems can be supported by metamaterials, intelligent structures, intelligent networks, intelligent devices, intelligent cognitive radios, self-sustaining wireless networks, and machine learning.

[0057] - THz communication (terahertz communication): Data rates can be increased by increasing the bandwidth. This can be achieved by utilizing sub-THz communication with a wide bandwidth and applying advanced massive MIMO technology. THz waves, also known as sub-millimeter waves, typically refer to the frequency range between 0.1 THz and 10 THz with corresponding wavelengths ranging from 0.03 mm to 3 mm. The 100 GHz to 300 GHz band (Sub-THz band) is considered a major portion of the THz band for cellular communications. Adding the Sub-THz band to the mmWave band will increase the capacity of 6G cellular communications. Among the defined THz bands, 300 GHz to 3 THz lies in the far infrared (IR) frequency band. While part of the optical band, the 300 GHz to 3 THz band lies at the boundary of the optical band, immediately following the RF band. Therefore, this 300 GHz to 3 THz band exhibits similarities to RF. Figure 2 illustrates the electromagnetic spectrum according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 2 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure. Key characteristics of THz communications include (i) widely available bandwidth to support very high data rates, and (ii) high path loss at high frequencies (highly directional antennas are essential). The narrow beamwidth generated by the highly directional antenna reduces interference. The small wavelength of THz signals allows for a much larger number of antenna elements to be integrated into devices and base stations operating in this band. This enables the use of advanced adaptive array technologies to overcome range limitations.

[0058] - Large-scale MIMO technology

[0059] - Hologram beamforming (HBF)

[0060] - Optical wireless technology

[0061] - Free-space optical transmission backhaul network (FSO backhaul network)

[0062] - Quantum communication

[0063] - Cell-free communication

[0064] - Integration of wireless information and power transmission

[0065] - Integration of wireless communication and sensing

[0066] - Integrated access and backhaul network

[0067] - Big data analysis

[0068] - Reconfigurable intelligent surface

[0069] - metaverse

[0070] - Block chain

[0071] Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs): UAVs, or drones, will be a key element in 6G wireless communications. In most cases, high-speed data wireless connectivity can be provided using UAV technology. Base stations (BSs) can be installed on UAVs to provide cellular connectivity. UAVs may offer specific capabilities not found in fixed BS infrastructure, such as easy deployment, robust line-of-sight links, and controlled mobility. During emergencies such as natural disasters, deploying terrestrial communications infrastructure is not economically feasible and sometimes cannot provide services in volatile environments. UAVs can easily handle these situations. UAVs will become a new paradigm in wireless communications. This technology facilitates three fundamental requirements for wireless networks: enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), URLLC, and mMTC. UAVs can also support various purposes, such as enhancing network connectivity, fire detection, disaster emergency services, security and surveillance, pollution monitoring, parking monitoring, and accident monitoring. Therefore, UAV technology is recognized as one of the most important technologies for 6G communications.

[0072] - Advanced air mobility (AAM): AAM is a higher concept than urban air mobility (UAM), which is an air transportation method available in urban areas, and can refer to a means of transportation that includes movement between regional hubs as well as within urban areas.

[0073] - Autonomous driving (self-driving): V2X (vehicle to everything), a key element in building autonomous driving infrastructure, can be a technology that allows cars to communicate and share with various elements on the road for autonomous driving, such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) wireless communication. Fast transmission speeds and low-latency technologies are essential to maximize autonomous driving performance and ensure high safety. Furthermore, in the future, autonomous driving will go beyond simply providing warnings or guidance messages to drivers and may require active intervention in vehicle operation and direct control of the vehicle in dangerous situations. To this end, the amount of information that needs to be transmitted and received may become enormous, so 6G is expected to maximize autonomous driving with faster transmission speeds and lower latency than 5G.

[0074] - Non-terrestrial networks (NTN): NTN may refer to a network or network segment that uses radio frequency (RF) resources mounted on a satellite (or unmanned aerial system (UAS) platform). FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a typical NTN scenario based on a transparent payload according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 4 illustrates an example of a typical NTN scenario based on a regenerative payload according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiments of FIG. 3 or FIG. 4 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 3, a satellite (or UAS platform) may create a service link with a UE. The satellite (or UAS platform) may be connected to a gateway via a feeder link. The satellite may be connected to a data network via the gateway. A beam footprint may refer to an area where a signal transmitted by a satellite can be received. Referring to Figure 4, a satellite (or UAS platform) can establish a service link with a UE. A satellite (or UAS platform) connected to a UE can be connected to another satellite (or UAS platform) via an inter-satellite link (ISL). The other satellite (or UAS platform) can be connected to a gateway via a feeder link. Based on the playback payload, a satellite can be connected to a data network through another satellite and the gateway. If an ISL does not exist between a satellite and another satellite, a feeder link between the satellite and the gateway may be required. Figures 3 and 4 are merely examples of NTN scenarios, and NTN can be implemented based on various scenarios.For example, a satellite (or UAS platform) may implement a transparent or regenerative (with onboard processing) payload. For example, a satellite (or UAS platform) may generate multiple beams over a designated service area depending on the field of view of the satellite (or UAS platform). For example, the field of view of the satellite (or UAS platform) may vary depending on the onboard antenna diagram and minimum elevation angle. For example, a transparent payload may include radio frequency filtering, frequency conversion, and amplification. Therefore, the waveform signal repeated by the payload may not be altered. For example, a regenerative payload may include radio frequency filtering, frequency conversion and amplification, demodulation / decoding, switching and / or routing, and coding / modulation. For example, a regenerative payload may be substantially equivalent to equipping the satellite (or UAS platform) with all or part of the base station functionality.

[0075] - Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC): Wireless sensing is a technology that uses radio frequencies to determine the instantaneous linear velocity, angle, distance (range), etc. of an object, thereby obtaining information about the characteristics of the environment and / or objects within the environment. Because radio frequency sensing does not require a device to connect to the object through a network, it can provide a service for object positioning without a device. The ability to obtain range, velocity, and angle information from radio frequency signals can enable a wide range of new capabilities, such as various object detection, object recognition (e.g., vehicles, humans, animals, UAVs), and high-precision localization, tracking, and activity recognition. Wireless sensing services can provide information to a variety of industries (e.g., drones, smart homes, V2X, factories, railways, public safety, etc.), enabling applications such as intruder detection, assisted vehicle steering and navigation, trajectory tracking, collision avoidance, traffic management, and health and traffic management. In some cases, wireless sensing can utilize non-3GPP type sensors (e.g., radar, cameras) to further support 3GPP-based sensing. For example, the operation of a wireless sensing service, e.g., a sensing operation, may depend on the transmission, reflection, and scattering of wireless sensing signals. Therefore, wireless sensing may provide an opportunity to enhance existing communication systems from a communication network to a wireless communication and sensing network. FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a sensing operation according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 5 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure. Specifically, FIG. 5 (a) illustrates an example of sensing using a sensing receiver and a sensing transmitter located at the same location (e.g., monostatic sensing), and FIG. 5 (b) illustrates an example of sensing using a separated sensing receiver and a sensing transmitter (e.g., bistatic sensing).

[0076] The layers of the radio interface protocol between the terminal and the network can be divided into L1 (layer 1), L2 (layer 2), and L3 (layer 3) based on the three lower layers of the Open System Interconnection (OSI) standard model, which is widely known in communication systems. Among these, the physical layer belonging to layer 1 provides an information transfer service using a physical channel, and the RRC (Radio Resource Control) layer located in layer 3 controls radio resources between the terminal and the network. To this end, the RRC layer exchanges RRC messages between the terminal and the base station.

[0077] The physical layer provides information transmission services to higher layers using physical channels. The physical layer is connected to the upper layer, the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer, via a transport channel. Data travels between the MAC layer and the physical layer through the transport channel. Transport channels are classified based on how and with what characteristics data is transmitted over the wireless interface.

[0078] Data travels between different physical layers, for example, between the physical layers of a transmitter and a receiver, via a physical channel. This physical channel can be modulated using Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) and utilizes time and frequency as radio resources.

[0079] The MAC layer provides services to the upper layer, the radio link control (RLC) layer, through logical channels. The MAC layer provides mapping from multiple logical channels to multiple transport channels. Furthermore, the MAC layer provides logical channel multiplexing, which maps multiple logical channels to a single transport channel. The MAC sublayer provides data transmission services on logical channels.

[0080] The RLC layer performs the concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC Service Data Units (SDUs). To guarantee the various Quality of Service (QoS) required by radio bearers (RBs), the RLC layer provides three operating modes: Transparent Mode (TM), Unacknowledged Mode (UM), and Acknowledged Mode (AM). AM RLC provides error correction through automatic repeat request (ARQ).

[0081] The RRC (Radio Resource Control) layer is defined only in the control plane. The RRC layer is responsible for controlling logical channels, transport channels, and physical channels, related to the configuration, reconfiguration, and release of radio bearers. RB refers to a logical path provided by Layer 1 (physical layer or PHY layer) and Layer 2 (MAC layer, RLC layer, Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer, and Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) layer) for data transmission between the terminal and the network.

[0082] The functions of the PDCP layer in the user plane include the transmission of user data, header compression, and ciphering. The functions of the PDCP layer in the control plane include the transmission of control plane data and encryption / integrity protection.

[0083] The Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) layer is defined only in the user plane. It performs mapping between QoS flows and data radio bearers, marking QoS flow identifiers (IDs) within downlink and uplink packets, and more.

[0084] Establishing a Radio Bearer (RB) refers to the process of defining the characteristics of the radio protocol layer and channel to provide a specific service, and setting specific parameters and operating methods for each. RBs can be further divided into two types: the Signaling Radio Bearer (SRB) and the Data Radio Bearer (DRB). The SRB is used as a channel to transmit RRC messages in the control plane, while the DRB is used as a channel to transmit user data in the user plane.

[0085] When an RRC connection is established between the RRC layer of the terminal and the RRC layer of the base station, the terminal is in the RRC_CONNECTED state. Otherwise, it is in the RRC_IDLE state. For NR, the RRC_INACTIVE state is additionally defined, and a terminal in the RRC_INACTIVE state can maintain a connection with the core network while releasing the connection with the base station.

[0086] Downlink transmission channels that transmit data from the network to the terminal include the Broadcast Channel (BCH), which transmits system information, and the downlink Shared Channel (SCH), which transmits user traffic or control messages. Traffic or control messages for downlink multicast or broadcast services may be transmitted through the downlink SCH or a separate downlink Multicast Channel (MCH). Meanwhile, uplink transmission channels that transmit data from the terminal to the network include the Random Access Channel (RACH), which transmits initial control messages, and the uplink Shared Channel (SCH), which transmits user traffic or control messages.

[0087] Logical channels that are located above the transport channel and are mapped to the transport channel include the Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH), Paging Control Channel (PCCH), Common Control Channel (CCCH), Multicast Control Channel (MCCH), and Multicast Traffic Channel (MTCH).

[0088] Radio frames can be used for uplink and downlink transmission. A radio frame has a length of 10 ms and can be defined as two 5 ms half-frames (HF). A half-frame can contain five 1 ms subframes (SF). A subframe can be divided into one or more slots, and the number of slots within a subframe can be determined by the subcarrier spacing (SCS). Each slot can contain 12 or 14 OFDM (A) symbols, depending on the cyclic prefix (CP).

[0089] When normal CP is used, each slot can contain 14 symbols. When extended CP is used, each slot can contain 12 symbols. Here, the symbols can include OFDM symbols (or CP-OFDM symbols), SC-FDMA (Single Carrier - FDMA) symbols (or DFT-s-OFDM (Discrete Fourier Transform-spread-OFDM) symbols).

[0090] Table 2 below shows the number of symbols per slot (N) depending on the SCS setting (u) when normal CP or extended CP is used. slot symb ), number of slots per frame (N frame,u slot ) and the number of slots per subframe (N subframe,u slot ) is an example.

[0091] CP type SCS (15*2 u )N slot symb N frame,u slot N subframe,u slot Normal CP15kHz (u=0)1410130kHz (u=1)1420260kHz (u=2)14404120kHz (u=3)14808240kHz (u=4)1416016Extended CP60kHz (u=2)12404

[0092] FIG. 6 illustrates a slot structure of a frame according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 6 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0093] Referring to FIG. 6, a slot includes multiple symbols in the time domain.

[0094] A carrier includes multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. An RB (Resource Block) can be defined as multiple (e.g., 12) consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. A BWP (Bandwidth Part) can be defined as multiple consecutive (P)RBs ((Physical) Resource Blocks) in the frequency domain, and can correspond to one numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.). A carrier can include up to N (e.g., 5) BWPs. Data communication can be performed through activated BWPs. Each element can be referred to as a Resource Element (RE) in the resource grid, and one complex symbol can be mapped to it.

[0095] A Bandwidth Part (BWP) can be a contiguous set of physical resource blocks (PRBs) for a given numerology. A PRB can be selected from a contiguous subset of common resource blocks (CRBs) for a given numerology on a given carrier.

[0096] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a BWP according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 7 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure. In the embodiment of FIG. 7, it is assumed that there are three BWPs.

[0097] Referring to Figure 7, a common resource block (CRB) may be a carrier resource block numbered from one end of a carrier band to the other. Furthermore, a PRB may be a numbered resource block within each BWP. Point A may indicate a common reference point for the resource block grid.

[0098] BWP is point A, offset from point A (N startBWP ) and bandwidth (N size BWP ) can be set by. For example, point A can be an outer reference point of the PRB of a carrier where subcarrier 0 of all numerologies (e.g., all numerologies supported by the network on that carrier) aligns. For example, the offset can be the PRB spacing between the lowest subcarrier in a given numerology and point A. For example, the bandwidth can be the number of PRBs in a given numerology.

[0099] SLSS (Sidelink Synchronization Signal) is a SL (sidelink) specific sequence and may include PSSS (Primary Sidelink Synchronization Signal) and SSSS (Secondary Sidelink Synchronization Signal). The PSSS may be referred to as S-PSS (Sidelink Primary Synchronization Signal) and the SSSS may be referred to as S-SSS (Sidelink Secondary Synchronization Signal). For example, length-127 M-sequences may be used for S-PSS and length-127 Gold sequences may be used for S-SSS. For example, a terminal may detect an initial signal (signal detection) and obtain synchronization using S-PSS. For example, the terminal can obtain detailed synchronization using S-PSS and S-SSS and detect a synchronization signal ID.

[0100] PSBCH (Physical Sidelink Broadcast Channel) may be a (broadcast) channel that transmits basic (system) information that a terminal must know first before transmitting or receiving an SL signal. For example, the basic information may be information related to SLSS, duplex mode (DM), TDD UL / DL (Time Division Duplex Uplink / Downlink) configuration, resource pool-related information, type of application related to SLSS, subframe offset, broadcast information, etc. For example, in order to evaluate PSBCH performance, in NR V2X, the payload size of PSBCH may be 56 bits, including a 24-bit CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check).

[0101] S-PSS, S-SSS, and PSBCH may be included in a block format supporting periodic transmission (e.g., SL SS (Synchronization Signal) / PSBCH block, hereinafter referred to as S-SSB (Sidelink-Synchronization Signal Block)). The S-SSB may have the same numerology (e.g., SCS and CP length) as the PSCCH (Physical Sidelink Control Channel) / PSSCH (Physical Sidelink Shared Channel) in the carrier, and the transmission bandwidth may be within a (pre-)configured SL BWP (Sidelink BWP). For example, the bandwidth of the S-SSB may be 11 RBs (Resource Blocks). For example, the PSBCH may span 11 RBs. And, the frequency location of the S-SSB may be (pre-)configured. Therefore, the terminal does not need to perform hypothesis detection in the frequency to discover the S-SSB in the carrier.

[0102] In this specification, PSCCH may be replaced with a control channel, a physical control channel, a control channel associated with a sidelink, a physical control channel associated with a sidelink, a device-to-device physical control channel, etc. In this specification, PSSCH may be replaced with a shared channel, a physical shared channel, a shared channel associated with a sidelink, a physical shared channel associated with a sidelink, a device-to-device physical shared channel, etc. For example, SL communication may be replaced with device-to-device communication. For example, in terms referring to various channels and / or signals associated with SL communication, the SL part may be replaced with "device-to-device."

[0103] In this specification, PUCCH may be replaced with a control channel, a physical control channel, an uplink-related control channel, an uplink-related physical control channel, a device-to-base station physical control channel, a terminal-to-base station physical control channel, etc. In this specification, PUSCH may be replaced with a shared channel, a physical shared channel, an uplink-related shared channel, an uplink-related physical shared channel, a device-to-base station physical shared channel, a terminal-to-base station physical shared channel, etc. For example, UL communication may be replaced with terminal-to-base station communication or device-to-base station communication. For example, in terms referring to various channels and / or signals associated with UL communication, the UL part may be replaced with "device-to-base station" or "terminal-to-base station."

[0104] In this specification, PDCCH may be replaced with a control channel, a physical control channel, a downlink-related control channel, a downlink-related physical control channel, a base station-to-device physical control channel, a base station-to-terminal physical control channel, etc. In this specification, PDSCH may be replaced with a shared channel, a physical shared channel, a downlink-related shared channel, a downlink-related physical shared channel, a base station-to-device physical shared channel, a base station-to-terminal physical shared channel, etc. For example, DL communication may be replaced with base station-to-device communication or base station-to-terminal communication. For example, in terms referring to various channels and / or signals related to DL communication, the DL part may be replaced with "base station-to-device" or "base station-to-terminal."

[0105] FIG. 8 illustrates a procedure for a terminal to perform V2X or SL communication according to a resource allocation mode, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 8 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0106] Referring to (a) of FIG. 8, in resource allocation mode 1, the base station may schedule SL resources to be used by the terminal for SL transmission. For example, in step S800, the base station may transmit information related to SL resources and / or information related to UL resources to the first terminal. For example, the UL resources may include PUCCH resources and / or PUSCH resources. For example, the UL resources may be resources for reporting SL HARQ feedback to the base station.

[0107] For example, a first terminal may receive information related to a dynamic grant (DG) resource and / or information related to a configured grant (CG) resource from a base station. For example, a CG resource may include a CG type 1 resource or a CG type 2 resource. In this specification, a DG resource may be a resource that a base station configures / allocates to the first terminal via downlink control information (DCI). In this specification, a CG resource may be a (periodic) resource that a base station configures / allocates to the first terminal via DCI and / or an RRC message. For example, in the case of a CG type 1 resource, the base station may transmit an RRC message including information related to the CG resource to the first terminal. For example, in the case of a CG type 2 resource, the base station may transmit an RRC message including information related to the CG resource to the first terminal, and the base station may transmit a DCI related to activation or release of the CG resource to the first terminal.

[0108] In step S810, the first terminal may transmit a PSCCH (e.g., Sidelink Control Information (SCI) or 1st-stage SCI) to the second terminal based on the resource scheduling. In step S820, the first terminal may transmit a PSSCH (e.g., 2nd-stage SCI, MAC PDU, data, etc.) related to the PSCCH to the second terminal. In step S830, the first terminal may receive a PSFCH related to the PSCCH / PSSCH from the second terminal. For example, HARQ feedback information (e.g., NACK information or ACK information) may be received from the second terminal via the PSFCH. In step S840, the first terminal may transmit / report HARQ feedback information to the base station via a PUCCH or a PUSCH. For example, the HARQ feedback information reported to the base station may be information generated by the first terminal based on the HARQ feedback information received from the second terminal. For example, the HARQ feedback information reported to the base station may be information generated by the first terminal based on a rule set in advance. For example, the DCI may be DCI for scheduling SL.

[0109] Referring to (b) of FIG. 8, in resource allocation mode 2, the terminal can determine SL transmission resources within SL resources set by the base station / network or preset SL resources. For example, the set SL resources or preset SL resources may be a resource pool. For example, the terminal can autonomously select or schedule resources for SL transmission. For example, the terminal can perform SL communication by selecting resources by itself within the set resource pool. For example, the terminal can select resources by itself within a selection window by performing sensing and resource (re)selection procedures. For example, the sensing can be performed on a subchannel basis. For example, in step S810, the first terminal that has selected resources by itself within the resource pool transmits PSCCH (e.g., SCI (Sidelink Control Information) or 1) using the resources. st -stage SCI) can be transmitted to the second terminal. In step S820, the first terminal transmits the PSSCH (e.g., 2) related to the PSCCH. nd -stage SCI, MAC PDU, data, etc.) can be transmitted to the second terminal. In step S830, the first terminal can receive a PSFCH related to the PSCCH / PSSCH from the second terminal.

[0110] Referring to (a) or (b) of FIG. 8, for example, a first terminal may transmit an SCI to a second terminal on a PSCCH. Or, for example, the first terminal may transmit two consecutive SCIs (e.g., 2-stage SCIs) to the second terminal on the PSCCH and / or the PSSCH. In this case, the second terminal may decode the two consecutive SCIs (e.g., 2-stage SCIs) to receive the PSSCH from the first terminal. In the present specification, an SCI transmitted on a PSCCH is 1 st SCI, 1st SCI, 1st -stage SCI or 1 st -stage SCI format, and the SCI transmitted on the PSSCH is 2 nd SCI, 2nd SCI, 2 nd -stage SCI or 2 nd -It can be called a stage SCI format.

[0111] Referring to (a) or (b) of FIG. 8, in step S830, the first terminal may receive a PSFCH. For example, the first terminal and the second terminal may determine PSFCH resources, and the second terminal may use the PSFCH resources to transmit HARQ feedback to the first terminal.

[0112] Referring to (a) of FIG. 8, in step S840, the first terminal may transmit SL HARQ feedback to the base station via PUCCH and / or PUSCH.

[0113] Below, the random access procedure is described.

[0114] Random access procedures can be divided into contention-based random access and contention-free random access.

[0115] For example, (in a contention-based random access procedure), a terminal may calculate a random access radio network temporary identifier (e.g., RA-RNTI) based on a physical random access channel (e.g., PRACH; physical random access channel) transmission opportunity to transmit a random access preamble. Thereafter, the terminal may transmit a random access preamble using the physical random access channel (e.g., PRACH; physical random access channel) transmission opportunity and the corresponding random access radio network temporary identifier (e.g., RA-RNTI).

[0116] Thereafter, the terminal may initiate a random access response window and monitor base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH) transmissions using a random access radio network temporary identifier (e.g., RA-RNTI) in a search space within the random access response window.

[0117] Here, if a base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH) transmission addressed to a cell radio network temporary identifier (e.g., C-RNTI) is received while the terminal is performing a contention-free random access procedure, the terminal may determine that the random access procedure has been successfully completed.

[0118] Here, if the terminal receives a random access response that includes a random access preamble identifier (e.g., RAPID; random access preamble identifier) ​​corresponding to the index of the random access preamble transmitted by the terminal, the terminal may determine that the random access response has been successfully received. If the transmitted random access preamble is not selected from the contention-based random access preambles, the terminal may determine that the random access procedure has been successfully completed.

[0119] Alternatively, when the terminal receives a base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PDCCH) transmission including base station-to-terminal communication resource allocation information for a random access radio network temporary identifier (e.g., RA-RNTI) calculated by the terminal, if the received random access response includes a random access preamble identifier (e.g., RAPID; random access preamble identifier) ​​corresponding to an index of a random access preamble transmitted by the terminal, the terminal may determine that the random access response has been successfully received. In this case, if the random access response includes only the random access preamble identifier (e.g., RAPID), the terminal may determine that the random access procedure has been successfully completed. If the random access response does not contain only a random access preamble identifier (e.g., RAPID), the terminal may transmit a third message (Msg3) to the base station via terminal-to-base station transmission (e.g., UL transmission) using the temporary cell radio network temporary identifier (e.g., TC-RNTI) and the cell radio network temporary identifier (e.g., C-RNTI) received via the random access response.

[0120] Thereafter, the terminal can monitor the fourth message (Msg4) from the base station. If the fourth message containing the cell radio network temporary identifier (e.g., C-RNTI) transmitted by the terminal is received before the expiration of the contention resolution window, the terminal can determine that the random access procedure has been successfully completed. For example, if the received fourth message contains terminal-to-base station resources (e.g., UL resources), the terminal can transmit an ACK to the base station via the terminal-to-base station resources (e.g., UL resources).

[0121] Below, narrowband Internet of Things (e.g., NB-IoT) communication is described.

[0122] For example, a physical channel or signal transmitted in a slot may be one or more N UL SC Subcarriers and N UL symb A resource grid of single carrier-frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) symbols may be initiated. For example, the resource grid may be illustrated in Fig. 9. For example, the slot number within a radio frame may be n s can be written as , where n for Δf = 15 kHz s ∈ {0, 1, ..., 19}, and n for Δf = 3.75 kHz s ∈ {0, 1, ..., 4} can be.

[0123] FIG. 9 illustrates a terminal-to-base station link (e.g., UL link) resource grid for a narrowband Internet of Things (e.g., NB-IoT) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 9 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0124] For example, the bandwidth of a terminal-to-base station link (e.g., UL link) is subcarrier N UL SC and slot section T slot In terms of can be given in Table 3.

[0125] Subcarrier spacing N UL sc T slot Δf=3.75kHz4861440·T s Δf=15kHz1215360·T s

[0126] For example, one antenna port p=0 can be used for transmission on all terminal-to-base station links (e.g., UL links).

[0127] Below, the resource elements are described.

[0128] For example, each element in a resource grid can be called a resource element and can be uniquely defined by an index pair (k, l) in a slot, where k = 0, ..., N. UL SC -1 and l = 0, ..., N UL symb -1 can be an index in the frequency and time domains, respectively. For example, the resource element (k, l) is a complex value α. k,l can correspond to. For example, the quantity α corresponding to the resource elements that are not used for transmission of physical channels or physical signals in slots. k,l can be set to 0.

[0129] Below, the resource units are explained.

[0130] For example, a resource unit can be used to describe the mapping of a narrowband terminal-to-base station physical shared channel (e.g., NPUSCH) and a resource element. For example, a resource unit can be N in the time domain. UL symb N UL slots N in the frequency domain and as a single carrier frequency division multiple access (e.g., SC-FDMA) symbol. RU SC can be defined as a series of consecutive subcarriers, where N RU SC and N UL symb can be given by Tables 4 and 5 for frame structure types 1 and 2, respectively.

[0131] Table 4 shows N for frame structure type 1. RU sc , N UL slots , and N UL symb Examples of supported combinations are shown.

[0132] NPUSCH formatΔfN RU sc N UL slots N UL symb 13.75kHz116715kHz116386412223.75kHz1415kHz14

[0133] Table 5 shows N for frame structure type 2. RU sc , N UL slots , and N UL symb Examples of supported combinations are shown.

[0134] NPUSCH formatΔfSupported UL-DL settingsN RU sc N UL slots N UL symb 13.75kHz1, 4116715kHz1, 2, 3, 4, 5116386412223.75kHz1, 41415kHz1, 2, 3, 4, 514

[0135] For example, narrowband terminal-to-base station physical shared channel (e.g., NPUSCH) format 1 can be used to convey terminal-to-base station shared channel (e.g., UL-SCH), and narrowband terminal-to-base station shared channel (e.g., NPUSCH) format 2 can be used to convey terminal-to-base station link (e.g., UL link) control information.

[0136] Below, the mapping for physical resources is described.

[0137] For example, each narrowband terminal-to-base station physical shared channel (e.g., NPUSCH) codeword is associated with one or more resource units, N RU can be mapped to , each of which is M NPUSCH rep It can be transmitted as many times as required.

[0138] For example, a block of complex-valued symbols z(0), ..., z(Map symb -1) is the transmission power P NPUSCH To comply with the amplitude scaling factor β NPUSCH , and can be successively mapped to subcarriers allocated for transmission of a narrowband terminal-to-base station physical shared channel (e.g., NPUSCH) starting from z(0). For example, the mapping to resource elements (k, l) corresponding to subcarriers allocated for transmission and not used for transmission of reference signals can start from the first slot in the allocated resource unit, first with index k, and then with index l, increasing in that order.

[0139] For example, N slots After mapping to slot, N slots The slot continues mapping z(·) to the next slot, according to Equation 1, with additional M NPUSCH identical -Can be repeated up to 1 time.

[0140]

[0141] For example, for narrowband terminal-to-base station physical shared channel (e.g., NPUSCH) formats 1 and 2 on frame structure type 2 when Δf = 3.75 kHz,

[0142] - Narrowband terminal-to-base station physical shared channel (e.g., NPUSCH) transmission spans two terminal-to-base station link (e.g., UL link) subframes that do not overlap with a terminal-to-base station link (e.g., UL link) subframe that is set to invalid. slots It can be performed in the first set of slots;

[0143] - For time division duplexing (e.g., TDD) configurations 1 and 4, if the starting position for a narrowband UE-to-base station physical shared channel (e.g., NPUSCH) is indicated as the second of two consecutive UE-to-base station link (e.g., UL link) subframes, the narrowband UE-to-base station physical shared channel (e.g., NPUSCH) transmission may be delayed until the start of the two consecutive UE-to-base station link (e.g., UL link) subframes.

[0144] For example, if N slots If the mapping to a slot or the mapping to N slots or the repetition of the mapping contains resource elements that overlap with the following:

[0145] - All narrowband physical random access channel (e.g., NPRACH) resources configured according to nprach-ParametersList in SystemInformationBlockType2-NB, or

[0146] - All narrowband physical random access channel (e.g., NPRACH) resources configured according to the nprach-ParametersList given by ul-ConfigList in SystemInformationBlockType22-NB and if the terminal indicates that it supports multiCarrier-NPRACH, or

[0147] - All narrowband physical random access channel (e.g., NPRACH) resources and terminals configured according to the nprach-ParametersList given by ul-ConfigListMixed in SystemInformationBlockType22-NB indicate that they support multiCarrier-NPRACH and mixedOperationMode, or

[0148] - If all narrowband physical random access channel (e.g., NPRACH) resources and terminals configured according to nprach-ParametersListFmt2 in SystemInformationBlockType2-NB indicate that they support nprach-Format2, or

[0149] - All narrowband physical random access channel (e.g., NPRACH) resources configured according to nprach-ParametersListFmt2 given by ul-ConfigList in SystemInformationBlockType23-NB and if the terminal indicates that it supports multiCarrier-NPRACH and nprach-Format2, or

[0150] - All narrowband physical random access channel (e.g., NPRACH) resources and terminals configured according to nprach-ParametersListFmt2 given by ul-ConfigListMixed in SystemInformationBlockType23-NB indicate that they support multiCarrier-NPRACH, mixedOperationMode, and nprach-Format2, or

[0151] - All narrowband physical random access channel (e.g., NPRACH) resources configured according to nprach-ParametersListTDD in SystemInformationBlockType2-NB, or

[0152] - If all narrowband physical random access channel (e.g., NPRACH) resources and terminals configured according to nprach-ParametersListTDD in SystemInformationBlockType22-NB indicate that they support multiCarrier-NPRACH, or

[0153] - All narrowband physical random access channel (e.g., NPRACH) resources set for early data transmission and if narrowband terminal-to-base station physical shared channel (e.g., NPUSCH) transmission occurs during the early data transmission procedure,

[0154] For example, then,

[0155] - For Δf = 3.75 kHz, overlapping N slots Narrowband terminal-to-base station physical shared channel (e.g., NPUSCH) transmission in a slot is performed in the next N that do not overlap with the configured narrowband physical random access channel (e.g., NPRACH) resources. slots It can be postponed until the slot.

[0156] - For Δf = 15 kHz, overlapping N slots Narrowband terminal-to-base station physical shared channel (e.g., NPUSCH) transmission in slots is n s Starting from the first slot that satisfies mod 2 = 0 and does not overlap with any configured narrowband physical random access channel (e.g., NPRACH) resource, the next N slots It can be postponed until the slot.

[0157] For example, a narrowband physical random access channel (e.g., NPRACH) gap may not be part of the narrowband physical random access channel (e.g., NPRACH) resource. For example, for frame structure type 2, when G symbol groups cannot be mapped consecutively, a valid UE-to-base station link (e.g., UL link) subframe that is not used for narrowband physical random access channel (e.g., NPRACH) transmission may not be part of the narrowband physical random access channel (e.g., NPRACH) resource. For example, then z(0), ..., z(M ap symb -1) Mapping is M NPUSCH rep N RU N ULslots It can be repeated until the slot is transmitted. For example, for frame structure type 1, 256·30720 T s After transmission and / or delay due to narrowband physical random access channel (e.g., NPRACH) of time unit, where narrowband terminal-to-base station physical shared channel (e.g., NPUSCH) transmission is delayed 40·30720 T s Gaps of a time unit may be inserted. For example, the delay due to a narrowband physical random access channel (e.g., NPRACH) that coincides with the gap may be counted as part of the gap.

[0158] For example, if the higher layer parameter npusch-AllSymbols is set to false, resource elements in single carrier frequency division multiple access (e.g., SC-FDMA) symbols that overlap with symbols configured as sounding reference signals (e.g., SRS) according to srs-SubframeConfig may be computed in narrowband UE-to-base station physical shared channel (e.g., NPUSCH) mapping but may not be used for narrowband UE-to-base station physical shared channel (e.g., NPUSCH) transmission. For example, if the higher layer parameter npusch-AllSymbols is set to true, all symbols may be transmitted.

[0159] For example, if the upper layer parameter resourceReservationConfigUL is set, then for a narrowband UE-to-UE physical shared channel (e.g., NPUSCH) format 1 transmission associated with a Cell Radio Network Temporary Identifier (e.g., C-RNTI) or a Semi-Persistent Scheduling Cell Radio Network Temporary Identifier (e.g., SPS C-RNTI) using a UE-specific narrowband UE-to-UE physical shared channel (e.g., NPDCCH) search space with the resource reservation field set to 1 in the base station-to-UE control information (e.g., DCI) including a narrowband UE-to-UE physical shared channel (e.g., NPUSCH) format 1 transmission without a corresponding narrowband UE-to-UE physical control channel (e.g., NPDCCH), or for a narrowband UE-to-UE physical shared channel (e.g., NPUSCH) format 1 transmission associated with a Cell Radio Network Temporary Identifier (e.g., C-RNTI) using a UE-specific narrowband UE-to-UE physical control channel (e.g., NPDCCH) search space, For channel (e.g., NPUSCH) format 2 transmission,

[0160] - In a subframe for Δf = 15 kHz or a slot for Δf = 3.75 kHz that overlaps with a fully reserved terminal-to-base station link (e.g., UL link) subframe,

[0161] - For Δf = 15 kHz, narrowband terminal-to-base station physical shared channel (e.g., NPUSCH) transmission may be postponed until the next fully unreserved narrowband Internet of Things (e.g., NB-IoT) terminal-to-base station link (e.g., UL link) subframe.

[0162] - For Δf = 3.75 kHz, narrowband UE-to-base station physical shared channel (e.g., NPUSCH) transmission in a slot may be postponed until the next slot that spans two adjacent UE-to-base station link (e.g., UL link) subframes that do not overlap with a fully reserved UE-to-base station link (e.g., UL link) subframe.

[0163] - In a subframe for Δf = 15 kHz or a slot for Δf = 3.75 kHz that does not overlap with a fully reserved terminal-to-base station link (e.g., UL link) subframe, any single-carrier frequency division multiple access (e.g., SC-FDMA) symbol that overlaps with a reserved symbol may be computed in the narrowband terminal-to-base station physical shared channel (e.g., NPUSCH) mapping, but may not be used for narrowband terminal-to-base station physical shared channel (e.g., NPUSCH) transmission.

[0164] For example, for a terminal communicating over a non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN), N precompensation segment After a transmission of time units (and / or delay due to narrowband physical random access channel (e.g., NPRACH)), for frame structure type 1, N precompensation gap Transmission gaps in time units may be computed for narrowband UE-to-base station physical shared channel (e.g., NPUSCH) resource mapping according to the UE capability ntn-SegmentedPrecompensationGaps-r17, but may not be used for transmissions on the narrowband UE-to-base station physical shared channel (e.g., NPUSCH). For example, N precompensation segment The amount of can be provided by the upper layer, and N precompensation gap The amount can be set at a higher layer based on the terminal capabilities if signaled.

[0165] Below, narrowband physical random access channels are described.

[0166] For example, a physical layer random access preamble may be based on a single-carrier frequency-hopping symbol group. For example, the symbol group may be illustrated in FIG. 10 and may have length T. CP Cyclic prefix and total length T SEQ It can be composed of a sequence of N identical symbols. For example, the total number of symbol groups in a preamble repetition unit can be denoted as P. For example, the number of temporally adjacent symbol groups can be given as G.

[0167] FIG. 10 illustrates a group of randomly connected symbols according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 10 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0168] For example, parameter values ​​for frame structures 1 and 2 may be listed in Tables 6 and 7, respectively.

[0169] Table 6 shows the random access preamble parameters for frame structure type 1.

[0170] Preamble Format GPNT CP T SEQ 04452048 T s 5·8192 T s 14458192 T s 5·8192 T s 266324576 T s 3·24576 T s

[0171] Table 7 shows the random access preamble parameters for frame structure type 2.

[0172] Preamble Format Supported UL-DL Settings GPNT CP T SEQ 01, 2, 3, 4, 52414768 T s 1·8192 T s 11, 42428192 T s2·8192 T s 232448192 T s 4·8192 T s 0-a1, 2, 3, 4, 53611536 T s 1·8192 T s 1-a1, 43623072 T s 2·8192 T s

[0173] For example, a preamble consisting of a group of P symbols is N NPRACH rep may be transmitted as many times as necessary. For example, for frame structure type 2, when an invalid terminal-to-base station link (e.g., UL link) subframe overlaps with the transmission of a G symbol group without a gap, the G symbol group may be dropped. For example, for frame structure type 2, the transmission of a G symbol group may be aligned with a subframe boundary.

[0174] For example, transmission of a random access preamble, if triggered by the MAC layer, may be restricted to certain time and frequency resources.

[0175] For example, a narrowband physical random access channel (e.g., NPRACH) configuration provided by a higher layer may include:

[0176] - Narrowband Physical Random Access Channel (e.g., NPRACH) resource period N NPRACH period (nprach-Periodicity)

[0177] - Frequency position N of the first subcarrier assigned to a narrowband physical random access channel (e.g., NPRACH) NPRACH scoffset (nprach-SubcarrierOffset)

[0178] - The number N of subcarriers allocated to the narrowband physical random access channel (e.g., NPRACH) NPRACH sc (nprach-NumSubcarriers)

[0179] - The number of starting subcarriers N assigned to the terminal where random access is initiated NPRACH sc_cont (nprach-NumCBRA-StartSubcarriers),

[0180] - Number of repetitions of narrowband physical random access channel (e.g., NPRACH) per attempt N NPRACH rep (numRepetitionsPerPreambleAttempt)

[0181] - Narrowband Physical Random Access Channel (e.g., NPRACH) start time N NPRACH start (nprach-StartTime),

[0182] - Fraction N for calculation of the starting subcarrier index for the range of reserved narrowband physical random access channel (e.g., NPRACH) subcarriers for indication of terminal support for multi-tone message 3 transmission. NPRACH MSG3 (nprach-SubcarrierMSG3-RangeStart).

[0183] For example, narrowband physical random access channel (e.g., NPRACH) transmission is n f mod (N NPRACH period / 10) = N after the start of the radio frame satisfying 0 NPRACH start ·30720 T s It can only start in time units. For example, for frame structure type 1, for preamble formats 0 and 1, 4·64(T CP + T SEQ ) after transmission in time units, or 16·6(T) for preamble format 2. CP + T SEQ ) After transmission in units of time, N NPRACH start ·30720 T sA gap of time units may need to be inserted.

[0184] For example, N NPRACH scoffset + N NPRACH scoffset + N NPRACH sc > N UL sc The narrowband physical random access channel (e.g., NPRACH) configuration may not be valid.

[0185] For example, a narrowband physical random access channel (e.g., NPRACH) starting subcarrier assigned to a terminal for which random access has been initiated may be split into two sets of subcarriers according to Equation 2, and the second set, if any, may indicate terminal support for multi-tone message 3 transmission.

[0186]

[0187] For example, the frequency positions of narrowband physical random access channel (e.g., NPRACH) transmission are N when preamble format 2 described in Table 6 is set. RA sc = within 12 subcarriers, and N RA sc = can be limited to 36 subcarriers. For example, frequency hopping can be used within 12 subcarriers and 36 subcarriers when preamble format 2 disclosed in Table 6 is set, where i th The frequency position of a symbol group can be given by Equation 3, from which Equation 4 can be established. For example, the quantity of Equation 5 can vary depending on the frame structure.

[0188]

[0189]

[0190]

[0191] For example, for frame structure type 1:

[0192] - If G = 4 and P = 4 for preamplifier formats 0 and 1 as disclosed in Table 6, mathematical expression 6 can be established.

[0193]

[0194] Here, mathematical expression 7 and n init is {0, 1, ..., N NPRACH sc -1} can be a subcarrier selected by the MAC layer, and a pseudo-random sequence c(n) can be given according to existing techniques. For example, a pseudo-random sequence generator can be c init = N Ncell ID can be initialized to .

[0195]

[0196] - If G = 6 and P = 6 for preamble format 2 as disclosed in Table 6, mathematical expression 8 can be established.

[0197]

[0198] For example, here mathematical expressions 9 and n init is {0, 1, ..., N NPRACH sc -1} can be a subcarrier selected by the MAC layer, and the pseudo-random sequence c(n) can be given by an existing technique. For example, the pseudo-random sequence generator c init = N Ncell ID can be initialized to .

[0199]

[0200] For example, for frame structure type 2:

[0201] - If G = 2, P = 4 for preamplifier formats 0, 1, and 2 as disclosed in Table 7, mathematical expression 10 can be established.

[0202]

[0203] For example, here in mathematical expressions 11 and n init is {0, 1, ..., N NPRACH sc -1} can be a subcarrier selected by the MAC layer, and the pseudo-random sequence c(n) can be given by an existing technique. For example, the pseudo-random sequence generator c init = N Ncell ID can be initialized to .

[0204]

[0205] - If G = 3, P = 6 for preamp formats 0-a, 1-a as disclosed in Table 7, mathematical expression 12 can be established.

[0206]

[0207] For example, here in mathematical expressions 13 and n init is {0, 1, ..., N NPRACH sc -1} can be a subcarrier selected by the MAC layer, and the pseudo-random sequence c(n) can be given by an existing technique. For example, the pseudo-random sequence generator c init = N Ncell ID can be initialized to .

[0208]

[0209] Meanwhile, in future systems, it may be necessary to increase the multiplexing capacity between transmissions of narrowband internet of things (e.g., NB-IoT; narrow band internet of things) terminals, and this may be particularly important in the case of internet of things (e.g., IoT) non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN; non-terrestrial network) systems.

[0210] The various embodiments and / or combinations of embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied differently to single-tone transmission and multi-tone transmission.

[0211] Various embodiments and / or combinations of embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied differently depending on the number of subcarriers allocated for transmission.

[0212] Various embodiments and / or combinations of embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied differently depending on the transmission content (e.g., narrowband system information block (e.g., SIB1-NB; system information block 1-narrowband), system information block (e.g., SIB), paging, random access procedure related information, or other data) of a narrowband terminal-to-base station physical shared channel (e.g., NPUSCH; narrowband physical uplink shared channel).

[0213] Various embodiments and / or combinations of embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied differently depending on the payload type of the satellite (e.g., regenerative or transparent payload).

[0214] Various embodiments and / or combinations of embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied differently depending on the type of non-terrestrial network node (e.g., geo-stationary earth orbit (GEO), non geo-stationary earth orbit (NGEO), low earth orbit (LEO), medium earth orbit (MEO), high altitude station platform (HASP), drone) or altitude or fixed beam footprint or cell-moving beam footprint.

[0215] Various embodiments and / or combinations of embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied differently depending on whether narrowband Internet of Things (e.g., NB-IoT) terminal-to-base station transmissions (e.g., UL transmissions) occur on pre-configured terminal-to-base station communication (e.g., UL communication) resources.

[0216] Meanwhile, a narrowband physical random access channel (e.g., NPRACH) may include a first unit (or a resource of the first unit) of a symbol group consisting of one cyclic prefix (e.g., CP; cyclic prefix) symbol and N sequence symbols, and P first units (or resources of the first unit) may be configured as a second unit (or a resource of the second unit) in a first frequency hopping pattern along the time axis (or along the time axis) using the first unit (or resources of the first unit).

[0217] For example, when P first units (or resources of the first units) form a second unit (or resources of the second unit) with a first frequency hopping pattern, it may mean that the frequency resources of the symbol groups included in the first unit (or resources of the first unit) do not overlap in the time domain of the second unit (or resources of the second unit).

[0218] Meanwhile, for example, the P symbol groups may belong to continuous time resources and / or discontinuous time resources.

[0219] Meanwhile, for example, among the symbol groups within the second unit, G first units (or resources of the first unit) may belong to continuous time resources. For example, within the second unit, G symbol groups (or first units (or resources of the first unit)) may belong to continuous time resources.

[0220] For example, the terminal may perform physical random access channel (e.g., NPRACH) transmission in units of second units (or resources of second units) in which K (e.g., 64 for physical random access channel (e.g., NPRACH) preamble format 0 / 1, 16 for physical random access channel (e.g., NPRACH) preamble format 2, or a value set via system information block (e.g., SIB) or RRC) second units (or resources of second units) are configured with a second frequency hopping pattern.

[0221] For example, the terminal may perform physical random access channel (e.g., NPRACH) transmission based on a third unit (or resource of the third unit) in which the K (e.g., 64 for physical random access channel (e.g., NPRACH) preamble format 0 / 1, 16 for physical random access channel (e.g., NPRACH) preamble format 2, or a value set via system information block (e.g., SIB) or RRC) second units (or resources of the second units) are configured with a second frequency hopping pattern.

[0222] FIG. 11 illustrates units constituting a physical random access channel (e.g., NPRACH) resource according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 11 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0223] Referring to FIG. 11, a first unit resource, a second unit resource, and a third unit resource, which can constitute a physical random access channel (e.g., NPRACH) resource described in the present disclosure, are shown.

[0224] For example, one primary unit resource may consist of one cyclic prefix (e.g., CP) symbol and N sequence symbols. For example, in order for an orthogonal cover code to be applied to a physical random access channel (e.g., NPRACH), the length of one cyclic prefix (e.g., CP) symbol and the length of each sequence symbol may have to be the same.

[0225] For example, a second unit resource may include G temporally consecutive first unit resources, and may be composed of P first unit resources that include the G first unit resources.

[0226] For example, one third unit resource may be composed of K second unit resources, where K may have a value exemplified in the present disclosure. For example, the value of K may be 64 for a physical random access channel (e.g., NPRACH) preamble format 0 / 1, 16 for a physical random access channel (e.g., NPRACH) preamble format 2, or a value set via a system information block (e.g., SIB) or RRC.

[0227] For example, the application of an orthogonal cover code (e.g., OCC) to a physical random access channel (e.g., NPRACH) may be limited to the case where the length of the physical random access channel (e.g., NPRACH) format 1 and / or the physical random access channel (e.g., NPRACH) format 2 and / or the length of the cyclic prefix (e.g., CP) symbol is equal to the length of each symbol in the sequence.

[0228] The basis for this may be that orthogonality cannot be guaranteed when symbols have different lengths when an orthogonal cover code (e.g., OCC) is applied. For example, the above constraint may apply when the unit of application of the orthogonal cover code (e.g., OCC) is a set of symbols within the first unit (or the resource of the first unit) and / or is the first unit (or the resource of the first unit).

[0229] For example, a unit of application of an orthogonal cover code (e.g., OCC) for a physical random access channel (e.g., NPRACH) may be a third unit (or a resource of a third unit) or a group of multiple second units (or resources of second units) within a third unit (or a resource of a third unit).

[0230] For example, the length of the orthogonal cover code (e.g., OCC) in the above (e.g., in the case of the third unit (or the resource of the third unit) as a unit) may be 64 (e.g., for physical random access channel (e.g., NPRACH) format 0 / 1), 16 (e.g., for physical random access channel (e.g., NPRACH) format 2), or a repetition (or repetition count) value set via a system information block (e.g., SIB) or RRC.

[0231] For example, the length of the orthogonal cover code (e.g., OCC) in the above (e.g., when a group of a plurality of second units (or resources of the second units) is taken as a unit) may be a divisor of 64 (a value selected from among 2, 4, 8, 16, 32) (e.g., for Physical Random Access Channel (e.g., NPRACH) format 0 / 1), a divisor of 16 (a value selected from among 2, 4, 8) (e.g., for Physical Random Access Channel (e.g., NPRACH) format 2), or a divisor of a repetition (or repetition count) value set via a system information block (e.g., SIB) or RRC.

[0232] For example, a unit of application of an orthogonal cover code (e.g., OCC) for a physical random access channel (e.g., NPRACH) may be a second unit (or a resource of a second unit) or a group of multiple first units (or resources of the first unit) within a second unit (or a resource of the second unit).

[0233] For example, the length of the orthogonal cover code (e.g., OCC) above (e.g., when the second unit (or the resource of the second unit) is taken as a unit) may be 4 (e.g., for physical random access channel (e.g., NPRACH) format 0 / 1) or 6 (e.g., for physical random access channel (e.g., NPRACH) format 2).

[0234] For example, the length of the orthogonal cover code (e.g., OCC) above may be a divisor (a value selected from 2 and 3) of 2 (e.g., for physical random access channel (e.g., NPRACH) format 0 / 1) or 6 (e.g., for physical random access channel (e.g., NPRACH) format 2) (e.g., when a plurality of first unit groups are used as units).

[0235] For example, an orthogonal cover code (e.g., OCC) to be applied within the second unit (or the resource of the second unit) may be such that the spacing between subcarriers of the first unit (or the resource of the first unit) is less than or equal to a certain level (e.g., 1, 3, or 4 subcarrier gap).

[0236] For example, the unit of application of an orthogonal cover code (e.g., OCC) for a physical random access channel (e.g., NPRACH) may be a group of the G second units (or resources of the second units). This may be to further secure a situation (or possibility) in which orthogonality is guaranteed by allowing a single orthogonal cover code (e.g., OCC) to be applied to temporally continuous time resources.

[0237] For example, the unit of application of an orthogonal cover code (e.g., OCC) for a physical random access channel (e.g., NPRACH) may be a first unit (or a resource of the first unit) or a set of multiple symbols within the first unit (or a resource of the first unit).

[0238] For example, cyclic prefix (e.g., CP) symbols may be excluded from the application of orthogonal cover codes (e.g., OCC). For example, the application of orthogonal cover codes (e.g., OCC) may be limited to sequence symbols.

[0239] For example, the length of the orthogonal cover code (e.g., OCC) may be equal to the value of N, which is determined by the preamble format.

[0240] For example, when the N value determined according to the preamble format is 5, the length of the orthogonal cover code (e.g., OCC) may be 2 or 3, and the orthogonal cover code (e.g., OCC) may be applied to the first 2 symbols and the next 3 symbols in the sequence within the first unit (or the resource of the first unit), or the orthogonal cover code (e.g., OCC) may be applied to the first 3 symbols and the next 2 symbols in the sequence within the first unit (or the resource of the first unit).

[0241] In various embodiments of the present disclosure, a (representative) orthogonal cover code (e.g., OCC) (index) to be applied to a physical random access channel (e.g., NPRACH) may be determined by the terminal (e.g., at least when the physical random access channel (e.g., NPRACH) transmission is initiated from a higher layer), and / or may be indicated in a base station-to-terminal control information (e.g., DCI; downlink control information) format corresponding to a narrowband base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., NPDCCH) order (e.g., at least when the narrowband base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., NPDCCH) order is based).

[0242] For example, when an orthogonal cover code (e.g., OCC) index to be applied to a physical random access channel (e.g., NPRACH) is indicated through a narrowband base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., NPDCCH) order, a starting subcarrier index within the narrowband base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., NPDCCH) order may be extended to indicate a physical random access channel (e.g., NPRACH) preamble index, and / or indexing for the physical random access channel (e.g., NPRACH) preamble index may be performed in a manner such that starting with the lowest subcarrier index and the lowest orthogonal cover code (e.g., OCC) index, increasing in the orthogonal cover code (e.g., OCC) index domain, and then increasing the subcarrier index, is repeated.

[0243] For example, a subset of subcarriers on which a physical random access channel (e.g., NPRACH) to which an orthogonal cover code (e.g., OCC) is applied may be transmitted may be preset and / or may be set / indicated via a system information block (e.g., SIB) and / or RRC.

[0244] For example, the set of starting subcarriers on which a physical random access channel (e.g., NPRACH) to which an orthogonal cover code (e.g., OCC) is applied can be transmitted may be a contention-free set or a subset thereof.

[0245] For example, a set of starting subcarriers on which a physical random access channel (e.g., NPRACH) to which an orthogonal cover code (e.g., OCC) is applied can be transmitted may correspond to a set of subcarriers and / or a set of coverage enhancement modes for which a reference signal received power (e.g., RSRP; reference signal received power) measurement value is above a certain level. The basis for this may be that code division multiplexing (e.g., CDM) is allowed through an orthogonal cover code (e.g., OCC) when the reception performance is above a certain level.

[0246] For example, whether a terminal applies an orthogonal cover code (e.g., OCC) to a physical random access channel (e.g., NPRACH) may be limited to cases where the reference signal received power (e.g., RSRP) measurement value for a base station-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., DL reference signal) is in a specific range and / or the coverage enhancement (mode) level is the same or in a specific range. This may be because a near-far problem may occur when code division multiplexing (e.g., CDM) is performed between physical random access channels (e.g., NPRACH) with significantly different received powers at the base station. For example, the specific range may be defined in advance, set / indicated via a system information block (e.g., SIB) or RRC, and / or set in advance.

[0247] In various embodiments of the present disclosure, a physical random access channel (e.g., NPRACH) to which an orthogonal cover code (e.g., OCC) is applied may include cases where the orthogonal cover code (e.g., OCC) is all ones, and / or may be limited to a physical random access channel (e.g., NPRACH) to which an orthogonal cover code (e.g., OCC) is not all ones.

[0248] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, when an orthogonal cover code (e.g., OCC) is applied to a physical random access channel (e.g., NPRACH), a random access preamble identifier (e.g., RAPID; random access preamble identifier) ​​may correspond to a start subcarrier index and / or a (representative) orthogonal cover code (e.g., OCC) index for the physical random access channel (e.g., NPRACH).

[0249] For example, in the above case, when physical random access channels (e.g., NPRACH) to which different orthogonal cover codes (e.g., OCC) are applied are transmitted through the same resource, the base station can transmit a random access response (e.g., RAR; random access response) to the terminals through the same narrowband base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., NPDCCH) / narrowband base station-to-terminal physical shared channel (e.g., NPDSCH; narrowband physical downlink shared channel) for the different physical random access channels (e.g., NPRACH).

[0250] For example, indexing for a random access preamble identifier (e.g., RAPID) could be iteratively done by first increasing the starting subcarrier index (either from the lowest orthogonal cover code (e.g., OCC) index or from the orthogonal cover code (e.g., OCC) index for all-ones) and then increasing the orthogonal cover code (e.g., OCC) index. An advantage of this could be that the interpretation and understanding of the random access preamble identifier (e.g., RAPID) would remain intact for terminals that do not support orthogonal cover codes (e.g., OCC) for the physical random access channel (e.g., NPRACH).

[0251] For example, indexing for a random access preamble identifier (e.g., RAPID) can be performed by first incrementing the starting subcarrier index (either from the lowest orthogonal cover code (e.g., OCC) index or from the orthogonal cover code (e.g., OCC) index for all ones) and then iteratively incrementing the orthogonal cover code (e.g., OCC) index. An advantage of this is that even terminals that do not support orthogonal cover codes (e.g., OCC) for the physical random access channel (e.g., NPRACH) may be able to interpret and understand the random access preamble identifier (e.g., RAPID).

[0252] FIG. 12 illustrates an indexing scheme for a random access preamble identifier (e.g., RAPID) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 12 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0253] Referring to FIG. 12, the indexing scheme of the random access preamble identifier (e.g., RAPID) index for the random access preamble identifier (e.g., RAPID) associated with the random access preamble transmitted over the physical random access channel (e.g., NPRACH) is shown in ascending order of the index. For example, in the present embodiment, it is assumed that an orthogonal cover code (e.g., OCC) is applied to the physical random access channel (e.g., NPRACH).

[0254] For example, a random access preamble identifier index 0 may be associated with a physical random access channel (e.g., NPRACH) whose starting subchannel index is 0 and whose orthogonal cover code (OCC) index is 0. A next index, random access preamble identifier index 1, may be associated with a physical random access channel (e.g., NPRACH) whose starting subchannel index is 1, which is increased by 1 from the previous index, and whose orthogonal cover code (OCC) index is 0. A next index, random access preamble identifier index 2, may be associated with a physical random access channel (e.g., NPRACH) whose starting subchannel index is 2, which is increased by 1 from the previous index, and whose orthogonal cover code (OCC) index is 0.

[0255] Here, in order to explain only the indexing method, the maximum number of starting subchannels is assumed to be 3. The next index, random access preamble identifier index 3, is 0 again because the index of the starting subchannel in the previous index has reached its maximum value, and may be associated with a physical random access channel (e.g., NPRACH) in which the index of the orthogonal cover code (OCC) is increased by 1 to 1. The next index, random access preamble identifier index 4, may be associated with a physical random access channel (e.g., NPRACH) in which the index of the starting subchannel is 1, which is increased by 1 from the previous index, and the index of the orthogonal cover code (OCC) is 1. As described above, the indexes of the random access preamble identifiers (e.g., RAPID) may be indexed in the order in which the indexes of the starting subchannels increase and then in the order in which the indexes of the orthogonal cover codes (OCC) increase.

[0256] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, when an orthogonal cover code (e.g., OCC) is applied to a physical random access channel (e.g., NPRACH), a random access radio network temporary identifier (e.g., RA-RNTI) may have different values ​​depending on a (representative) orthogonal cover code (e.g., OCC) index.

[0257] For example, in the above case, if physical random access channels (e.g., NPRACH) to which different orthogonal cover codes (e.g., OCC) are applied are transmitted through the same resource, the base station can transmit a random access response (e.g., RAR) to the terminals through a separate narrowband base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., NPDCCH) / base station-to-terminal physical shared channel (e.g., NPDSCH) for each of the different physical random access channels (e.g., NPRACH).

[0258] For example, for certain orthogonal cover code (e.g., OCC) index value(s), random access radio network temporary identifier (e.g., RA-RNTI) values ​​may be mutually identical.

[0259] For example, the random access radio network temporary identifier (e.g., RA-RNTI) values ​​may be different for cases where an orthogonal cover code (e.g., OCC) that is all ones is applied to physical random access channel (e.g., NPRACH) transmission and cases where other orthogonal cover codes (e.g., OCC) are applied. This may be to distinguish between terminals that can receive a random access response (e.g., RAR) through the same narrowband base station-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., NPDCCH) / base station-to-terminal physical shared channel (e.g., NPDSCH) in a situation where existing terminals that do not apply orthogonal cover codes (e.g., OCC) are coexisting in a cell.

[0260] The above proposed method can be applied to the device described below. First, the processor (202) of the receiving terminal can set at least one partial bandwidth (e.g., BWP; bandwidth part). Then, the processor (202) of the receiving terminal can control the transceiver (206) of the receiving terminal to receive a physical channel related to terminal-to-terminal communication (e.g., SL communication) and / or a reference signal related to terminal-to-terminal communication (e.g., SL communication) from the transmitting terminal on at least one partial bandwidth (e.g., BWP).

[0261] For example, the Internet of Things (e.g., IoT; internet on things) can refer to a common network where various devices are connected. A non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN) can refer to communication based on a base station or network that does not exist on the ground (e.g., when the base station or network is in orbit). Here, the Internet of Things (e.g., IoT) non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN) can refer to a case where a base station or network that does not exist on the ground (e.g., when the base station or network is in orbit) participates in the Internet of Things (e.g., IoT). A narrowband carrier can be used for the Internet of Things (e.g., IoT) non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN).

[0262] At this time, in the case of the Internet of Things (e.g., IoT) non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN), if the number of terminals in a cell is excessively large, a problem may arise in which collisions between narrowband physical random access channel (e.g., NPRACH) resources may frequently occur. If an orthogonal cover code (e.g., OCC) is additionally considered when transmitting a narrowband physical random access channel (e.g., NPRACH), a random access preamble identifier (e.g., RAPID) may need to be distinguished between narrowband physical random access channel (e.g., NPRACH) resources that use the same existing starting subcarrier and narrowband physical random access channel (e.g., NPRACH) resources distinguished by an orthogonal cover code (e.g., OCC). Here, since the narrowband physical random access channel (e.g., NPRACH) is a type of physical random access channel (e.g., PRACH), the description and characteristics of the narrowband physical random access channel (e.g., NPRACH) can be extended and applied to the physical random access channel (e.g., PRACH).

[0263] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a device may transmit a random access preamble based on a physical random access channel (e.g., PRACH) resource, and may receive a random access response (e.g., RAR) in response to the transmission of the random access preamble. Here, the random access response (e.g., RAR) may include a random access preamble identifier (e.g., RAPID), and the random access preamble identifier (e.g., RAPID) may be determined based on a subchannel index and an orthogonal cover code (e.g., OCC) index of the physical random access channel (e.g., PRACH) resource. For example, the physical random access channel (e.g., PRACH) resource may be a resource to which an orthogonal cover code (e.g., OCC) is applied based on the orthogonal cover code (e.g., OCC) index. For example, the orthogonal cover code (e.g., OCC) may be applied to a symbol or a symbol set within a symbol group within the physical random access channel (e.g., PRACH) resource. For example, an orthogonal cover code (e.g., OCC) of length 5 or length 2, 3 may be applied to the sequence symbol region excluding the cyclic prefix (e.g., CP). For example, in various embodiments of the present disclosure, a random access preamble identifier (e.g., RAPID) may be defined in a form (or order) in which the starting subcarrier index increases, followed by the orthogonal cover code (e.g., OCC) index.

[0264] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, by applying an orthogonal cover code (e.g., OCC), the resource efficiency of a random access procedure can be increased, thereby solving the problem of resource shortage in an Internet of Things (e.g., IoT) non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN), and the collision probability between narrowband physical random access channel (e.g., NPRACH) resources can be efficiently reduced. For example, a random access preamble identifier (e.g., RAPID) can be efficiently distinguished between narrowband random access channel (e.g., NPRACH) resources to which an orthogonal cover code (e.g., OCC) is not applied and narrowband random access channel (e.g., NPRACH) resources to which an orthogonal cover code (e.g., OCC) is applied.

[0265] FIG. 13 illustrates a procedure of a method that may be performed by a first device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 13 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0266] Referring to FIG. 13, in step S1310, the first device may transmit a random access preamble to the base station based on a physical random access channel resource. In step S1320, the first device may receive, in response to the random access preamble, a random access response including a random access preamble identifier associated with the physical random access channel resource from the base station. For example, the physical random access channel resource may be a resource to which an orthogonal cover code is applied based on an orthogonal cover code index, and the random access preamble identifier may be determined based on a subchannel index associated with the physical random access channel resource and the orthogonal cover code index.

[0267] For example, additionally, the first device may: transmit a message to the base station based on the random access response in response to the random access response; and monitor information related to contention resolution to be transmitted from the base station in response to the message.

[0268] For example, additionally, the first device may: receive information related to the contention resolution; and perform communication based on the information related to the contention resolution.

[0269] For example, the random access preamble identifier may increase in the order in which the orthogonal cover code index increases after the subchannel index increases to a maximum value.

[0270] For example, the physical random access channel resource may include a plurality of first resource units, the first resource units may be composed of a plurality of second resource units whose frequency domains do not overlap, and the second resource units may be composed of a plurality of symbol groups whose frequency domains do not overlap.

[0271] For example, the length of the cyclic prefix symbol and the length of the symbol of the sequence that constitute the first symbol group included in the plurality of symbol groups may be the same.

[0272] For example, based on the length of the cyclic prefix symbol being equal to the length of the symbol of the sequence, the orthogonal cover code can be applied to the physical random access channel resource.

[0273] For example, the orthogonal cover code may be applied to a first resource of a first resource unit included in the plurality of first resource units.

[0274] For example, the orthogonal cover code may be applied to a first resource of a second resource unit included in the plurality of second resource units.

[0275] For example, the above physical random access channel resources may include narrowband physical random access channel resources.

[0276] For example, the random access response may be received based on a base station-to-terminal physical control channel resource or a base station-to-terminal physical shared channel resource.

[0277] For example, the base station-to-terminal physical control channel resource may include a narrowband base station-to-terminal physical control channel resource, and the base station-to-terminal physical shared channel resource may include a narrowband base station-to-terminal physical shared channel resource.

[0278] The above-described embodiment can be applied to various devices described below. First, the processor (102) of the first device (100) can control the transceiver (206) to transmit a random access preamble to the base station (200) based on a physical random access channel resource. Then, the processor (102) of the first device (100) can control the transceiver (206) to receive, in response to the random access preamble, a random access response including a random access preamble identifier associated with the physical random access channel resource from the base station (200). For example, the physical random access channel resource is a resource to which an orthogonal cover code is applied based on an orthogonal cover code index, and the random access preamble identifier can be determined based on a subchannel index associated with the physical random access channel resource and the orthogonal cover code index.

[0279] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a first device may be provided. For example, the first device may include: at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the first device to: transmit a random access preamble to a base station based on a physical random access channel resource; and, in response to the random access preamble, receive a random access response from the base station, the random access preamble identifier associated with the physical random access channel resource, wherein the physical random access channel resource is a resource to which an orthogonal cover code is applied based on an orthogonal cover code index, and the random access preamble identifier may be determined based on a subchannel index associated with the physical random access channel resource and the orthogonal cover code index.

[0280] For example, additionally, the instructions, based on being executed by the at least one processor, may cause the first device to: transmit a message to the base station based on the random access response in response to the random access response; and monitor information related to contention resolution to be transmitted from the base station in response to the message.

[0281] For example, additionally, the instructions, based on being executed by the at least one processor, may cause the first device to: receive information related to the contention resolution; and perform communication based on the information related to the contention resolution.

[0282] For example, the random access preamble identifier may increase in the order in which the orthogonal cover code index increases after the subchannel index increases to a maximum value.

[0283] For example, the physical random access channel resource may include a plurality of first resource units, the first resource units may be composed of a plurality of second resource units whose frequency domains do not overlap, and the second resource units may be composed of a plurality of symbol groups whose frequency domains do not overlap.

[0284] For example, the length of the cyclic prefix symbol and the length of the symbol of the sequence that constitute the first symbol group included in the plurality of symbol groups may be the same.

[0285] For example, based on the length of the cyclic prefix symbol being equal to the length of the symbol of the sequence, the orthogonal cover code can be applied to the physical random access channel resource.

[0286] For example, the orthogonal cover code may be applied to a first resource of a first resource unit included in the plurality of first resource units.

[0287] For example, the orthogonal cover code may be applied to a first resource of a second resource unit included in the plurality of second resource units.

[0288] For example, the above physical random access channel resources may include narrowband physical random access channel resources.

[0289] For example, the random access response may be received based on a base station-to-terminal physical control channel resource or a base station-to-terminal physical shared channel resource.

[0290] For example, the base station-to-terminal physical control channel resource may include a narrowband base station-to-terminal physical control channel resource, and the base station-to-terminal physical shared channel resource may include a narrowband base station-to-terminal physical shared channel resource.

[0291] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a processing device configured to control a first device may be provided. For example, the processing device may include: at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the first device to: transmit a random access preamble to a base station based on a physical random access channel resource; and, in response to the random access preamble, receive a random access response from the base station, the random access preamble identifier associated with the physical random access channel resource, wherein the physical random access channel resource is a resource to which an orthogonal cover code is applied based on an orthogonal cover code index, and the random access preamble identifier may be determined based on a subchannel index associated with the physical random access channel resource and the orthogonal cover code index.

[0292] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having instructions recorded thereon may be provided. For example, the instructions, when executed, cause a first device to: transmit a random access preamble to a base station based on a physical random access channel resource; and, in response to the random access preamble, receive a random access response from the base station, the random access preamble identifier associated with the physical random access channel resource, wherein the physical random access channel resource is a resource to which an orthogonal cover code is applied based on an orthogonal cover code index, and the random access preamble identifier may be determined based on a subchannel index associated with the physical random access channel resource and the orthogonal cover code index.

[0293] FIG. 14 illustrates a procedure of a method that may be performed by a second device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 14 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0294] Referring to FIG. 14, in step S1410, the second device may receive a random access preamble from the first device based on a physical random access channel resource. In step S1420, in response to the random access preamble, the second device may transmit a random access response including a random access preamble identifier associated with the physical random access channel resource to the first device. For example, the physical random access channel resource may be a resource to which an orthogonal cover code is applied based on an orthogonal cover code index, and the random access preamble identifier may be determined based on a subchannel index associated with the physical random access channel resource and the orthogonal cover code index.

[0295] For example, the random access preamble identifier may increase in the order in which the orthogonal cover code index increases after the subchannel index increases to a maximum value.

[0296] The above-described embodiment can be applied to various devices described below. First, the processor (202) of the second device (200) can control the transceiver (206) to receive a random access preamble from the first device (100) based on a physical random access channel resource. Then, the processor (202) of the second device (200) can control the transceiver (206) to transmit, in response to the random access preamble, a random access response including a random access preamble identifier associated with the physical random access channel resource to the first device (100). For example, the physical random access channel resource is a resource to which an orthogonal cover code is applied based on an orthogonal cover code index, and the random access preamble identifier can be determined based on a subchannel index associated with the physical random access channel resource and the orthogonal cover code index.

[0297] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a second device may be provided. For example, the second device may include: at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the second device to: receive a random access preamble from a first device based on a physical random access channel resource; and, in response to the random access preamble, transmit to the first device a random access response including a random access preamble identifier associated with the physical random access channel resource, wherein the physical random access channel resource is a resource to which an orthogonal cover code is applied based on an orthogonal cover code index, and the random access preamble identifier may be determined based on a subchannel index associated with the physical random access channel resource and the orthogonal cover code index.

[0298] For example, the random access preamble identifier may increase in the order in which the orthogonal cover code index increases after the subchannel index increases to a maximum value.

[0299] The various embodiments of the present disclosure may be combined with each other.

[0300] Below, a description is given of devices to which various embodiments of the present disclosure can be applied.

[0301] Although not limited thereto, the various descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document may be applied to various fields requiring wireless communication / connectivity (e.g., 5G) between devices.

[0302] Hereinafter, more specific examples will be provided with reference to the drawings. In the drawings / descriptions below, the same drawing reference numerals may represent identical or corresponding hardware blocks, software blocks, or functional blocks, unless otherwise described.

[0303] FIG. 15 illustrates a communication system (1) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 15 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0304] Referring to FIG. 15, a communication system (1) to which various embodiments of the present disclosure are applied includes a wireless device, a base station, and a network. Here, the wireless device refers to a device that performs communication using a wireless access technology (e.g., 5G NR (New RAT), LTE (Long Term Evolution)) and may be referred to as a communication / wireless / 5G device. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device may include a robot (100a), a vehicle (100b-1, 100b-2), an XR (eXtended Reality) device (100c), a hand-held device (100d), a home appliance (100e), an IoT (Internet of Things) device (100f), and an AI device / server (400). For example, the vehicle may include a vehicle equipped with a wireless communication function, an autonomous vehicle, a vehicle capable of performing vehicle-to-vehicle communication, etc. Here, the vehicle may include an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) (e.g., a drone) and / or an Aerial Vehicle (AV) (e.g., an Advanced Air Mobility (AAM)). The XR device may include an Augmented Reality (AR) / Virtual Reality (VR) / Mixed Reality (MR) device, and may be implemented in the form of a Head-Mounted Device (HMD), a Head-Up Display (HUD) equipped in a vehicle, a television, a smartphone, a computer, a wearable device, a home appliance, a digital signage, a vehicle, a robot, etc. The portable device may include a smartphone, a smart pad, a wearable device (e.g., a smart watch, smart glasses), a computer (e.g., a laptop, etc.), etc. The home appliance may include a TV, a refrigerator, a washing machine, etc. The IoT device may include a sensor, a smart meter, etc. For example, a base station and a network may also be implemented as a wireless device, and a specific wireless device (200a) may operate as a base station / network node to other wireless devices.

[0305] Here, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of the present specification may include not only LTE, NR, and 6G, but also Narrowband Internet of Things for low-power communication. At this time, for example, NB-IoT technology may be an example of LPWAN (Low Power Wide Area Network) technology, and may be implemented with standards such as LTE Cat NB1 and / or LTE Cat NB2, and is not limited to the above-described names. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of the present specification may perform communication based on LTE-M technology. At this time, for example, LTE-M technology may be an example of LPWAN technology, and may be called by various names such as eMTC (enhanced Machine Type Communication). For example, LTE-M technology can be implemented by at least one of various standards such as 1) LTE CAT 0, 2) LTE Cat M1, 3) LTE Cat M2, 4) LTE non-BL (non-Bandwidth Limited), 5) LTE-MTC, 6) LTE Machine Type Communication, and / or 7) LTE M, and is not limited to the above-described names. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of the present specification can include at least one of ZigBee, Bluetooth, and Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) considering low-power communication, and is not limited to the above-described names. For example, ZigBee technology can create personal area networks (PAN) related to small / low-power digital communication based on various standards such as IEEE 802.15.4, and can be called by various names.

[0306] Wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to a network (300) via a base station (200). Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology can be applied to the wireless devices (100a to 100f), and the wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to an AI server (400) via the network (300). The network (300) can be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, a 5G (e.g., NR) network, etc. The wireless devices (100a to 100f) can communicate with each other via the base station (200) / network (300), but can also communicate directly (e.g., sidelink communication) without going through the base station / network. For example, vehicles (100b-1, 100b-2) can communicate directly (e.g., V2V (Vehicle to Vehicle) / V2X (Vehicle to Everything) communication). In addition, IoT devices (e.g., sensors) can communicate directly with other IoT devices (e.g., sensors) or other wireless devices (100a to 100f).

[0307] Wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can be established between wireless devices (100a~100f) / base stations (200), and base stations (200) / base stations (200). Here, wireless communication / connection can be achieved through various wireless access technologies (e.g., 5G NR) such as uplink / downlink communication (150a), sidelink communication (150b) (or, D2D communication), and communication between base stations (150c) (e.g., relay, IAB (Integrated Access Backhaul). Through wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c), wireless devices and base stations / wireless devices, and base stations and base stations can transmit / receive wireless signals to each other. For example, wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can transmit / receive signals through various physical channels. To this end, at least some of various configuration information setting processes for transmitting / receiving wireless signals, various signal processing processes (e.g., channel encoding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, resource mapping / demapping, etc.), and resource allocation processes can be performed based on various proposals of the present disclosure.

[0308] FIG. 16 illustrates a wireless device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 16 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0309] Referring to FIG. 16, the first wireless device (100) and the second wireless device (200) can transmit and receive wireless signals via various wireless access technologies (e.g., LTE, NR). Here, {the first wireless device (100), the second wireless device (200)} can correspond to {the wireless device (100x), the base station (200)} and / or {the wireless device (100x), the wireless device (100x)} of FIG. 15.

[0310] For example, the description of the first wireless device (or device) and the second wireless device (or device) below may be extended to the third wireless device (300) (or device) or a wireless device (or device) corresponding to a subsequent reference number. For example, the reference number of the processor of the third wireless device (300) may be 302, and the reference number of the transceiver may be 306.

[0311] A first wireless device (100) includes one or more processors (102) and one or more memories (104), and may further include one or more transceivers (106) and / or one or more antennas (108). The processor (102) controls the memories (104) and / or the transceivers (106), and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. For example, the processor (102) may process information in the memory (104) to generate first information / signal, and then transmit a wireless signal including the first information / signal via the transceiver (106). Furthermore, the processor (102) may receive a wireless signal including second information / signal via the transceiver (106), and then store information obtained from signal processing of the second information / signal in the memory (104). The memory (104) may be connected to the processor (102) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (102). For example, the memory (104) may perform some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (102), or may store software code including commands for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. Here, the processor (102) and the memory (104) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement a wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). The transceiver (106) may be connected to the processor (102) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals via one or more antennas (108). The transceiver (106) may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver (106) may be used interchangeably with an RF (Radio Frequency) unit. In the present disclosure, a wireless device may also mean a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0312] A second wireless device (200) includes one or more processors (202), one or more memories (204), and may further include one or more transceivers (206) and / or one or more antennas (208). The processor (202) controls the memories (204) and / or the transceivers (206), and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. For example, the processor (202) may process information in the memory (204) to generate third information / signals, and then transmit a wireless signal including the third information / signals via the transceivers (206). In addition, the processor (202) may receive a wireless signal including fourth information / signals via the transceivers (206), and then store information obtained from signal processing of the fourth information / signals in the memory (204). The memory (204) may be connected to the processor (202) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (202). For example, the memory (204) may perform some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (202), or may store software code including commands for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. Here, the processor (202) and the memory (204) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). The transceiver (206) may be connected to the processor (202) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals via one or more antennas (208). The transceiver (206) may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver (206) may be used interchangeably with an RF unit. In the present disclosure, a wireless device may also mean a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0313] Hereinafter, the hardware elements of the wireless device (100, 200) will be described in more detail. Although not limited thereto, one or more protocol layers may be implemented by one or more processors (102, 202). For example, one or more processors (102, 202) may implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, RRC, SDAP). One or more processors (102, 202) may generate one or more Protocol Data Units (PDUs) and / or one or more Service Data Units (SDUs) according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. One or more processors (102, 202) may generate messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. One or more processors (102, 202) can generate signals (e.g., baseband signals) including PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data or information according to the functions, procedures, proposals and / or methods disclosed herein, and provide the signals to one or more transceivers (106, 206). One or more processors (102, 202) can receive signals (e.g., baseband signals) from one or more transceivers (106, 206) and obtain PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein.

[0314] One or more processors (102, 202) may be referred to as a controller, a microcontroller, a microprocessor, or a microcomputer. One or more processors (102, 202) may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. For example, one or more Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), one or more Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), one or more Digital Signal Processing Devices (DSPDs), one or more Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs), or one or more Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) may be included in one or more processors (102, 202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software, and the firmware or software may be implemented to include modules, procedures, functions, etc. The descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software configured to perform one or more processors (102, 202) or stored in one or more memories (104, 204) and executed by one or more processors (102, 202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software in the form of codes, instructions and / or sets of instructions.

[0315] One or more memories (104, 204) may be coupled to one or more processors (102, 202) and may store various forms of data, signals, messages, information, programs, codes, instructions, and / or commands. The one or more memories (104, 204) may be configured as ROM, RAM, EPROM, flash memory, hard drives, registers, cache memory, computer-readable storage media, and / or combinations thereof. The one or more memories (104, 204) may be located internally and / or externally to the one or more processors (102, 202). Additionally, the one or more memories (104, 204) may be coupled to the one or more processors (102, 202) via various technologies, such as wired or wireless connections.

[0316] One or more transceivers (106, 206) can transmit user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as mentioned in the methods and / or flowcharts of this document, to one or more other devices. One or more transceivers (106, 206) can receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or flowcharts of this document, from one or more other devices. For example, one or more transceivers (106, 206) can be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) and can transmit and receive wireless signals. For example, one or more processors (102, 202) can control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to transmit user data, control information, or wireless signals to one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more processors (102, 202) may control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to receive user data, control information, or wireless signals from one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be coupled to one or more antennas (108, 208), and one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, or the like, as referred to in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein, via one or more antennas (108, 208). In this document, one or more antennas may be multiple physical antennas or multiple logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). One or more transceivers (106, 206) can convert received user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. from RF band signals to baseband signals in order to process the received user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. using one or more processors (102, 202).One or more transceivers (106, 206) may convert user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. processed by one or more processors (102, 202) from baseband signals to RF band signals. For this purpose, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may include an (analog) oscillator and / or filter.

[0317] FIG. 17 illustrates a signal processing circuit for a transmission signal according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 17 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0318] Referring to FIG. 17, the signal processing circuit (1000) may include a scrambler (1010), a modulator (1020), a layer mapper (1030), a precoder (1040), a resource mapper (1050), and a signal generator (1060). Although not limited thereto, the operations / functions of FIG. 17 may be performed in the processor (102, 202) and / or the transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 16. The hardware elements of FIG. 17 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) and / or the transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 16. For example, blocks 1010 to 1060 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) of FIG. 16. Additionally, blocks 1010 to 1050 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) of FIG. 16, and block 1060 may be implemented in the transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 16.

[0319] The codeword can be converted into a wireless signal through the signal processing circuit (1000) of FIG. 17. Here, the codeword is an encoded bit sequence of an information block. The information block can include a transport block (e.g., an UL-SCH transport block, a DL-SCH transport block). The wireless signal can be transmitted through various physical channels (e.g., a PUSCH or a PDSCH).

[0320] Specifically, the codeword can be converted into a bit sequence scrambled by a scrambler (1010). The scramble sequence used for scrambling is generated based on an initialization value, and the initialization value may include ID information of the wireless device, etc. The scrambled bit sequence can be modulated into a modulation symbol sequence by a modulator (1020). The modulation method may include pi / 2-BPSK (pi / 2-Binary Phase Shift Keying), m-PSK (m-Phase Shift Keying), m-QAM (m-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation), etc. The complex modulation symbol sequence can be mapped to one or more transmission layers by a layer mapper (1030). The modulation symbols of each transmission layer can be mapped to the corresponding antenna port(s) by a precoder (1040) (precoding). The output z of the precoder (1040) can be obtained by multiplying the output y of the layer mapper (1030) by a precoding matrix W of N*M. Here, N is the number of antenna ports, and M is the number of transmission layers. Here, the precoder (1040) can perform precoding after performing transform precoding (e.g., DFT transform) on complex modulation symbols. In addition, the precoder (1040) can perform precoding without performing transform precoding.

[0321] The resource mapper (1050) can map modulation symbols of each antenna port to time-frequency resources. The time-frequency resources can include multiple symbols (e.g., CP-OFDMA symbols, DFT-s-OFDMA symbols) in the time domain and multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. The signal generator (1060) generates a wireless signal from the mapped modulation symbols, and the generated wireless signal can be transmitted to another device through each antenna. To this end, the signal generator (1060) can include an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) module, a Cyclic Prefix (CP) inserter, a Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC), a frequency uplink converter, etc.

[0322] The signal processing process for receiving signals in a wireless device can be configured in reverse order of the signal processing process (1010 to 1060) of FIG. 17. For example, a wireless device (e.g., 100, 200 of FIG. 16) can receive wireless signals from the outside through an antenna port / transceiver. The received wireless signals can be converted into baseband signals through a signal restorer. For this purpose, the signal restorer can include a frequency downlink converter, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), a CP remover, and a fast Fourier transform (FFT) module. Thereafter, the baseband signal can be restored to a codeword through a resource demapper process, a postcoding process, a demodulation process, and a descrambling process. The codewords can be restored to the original information blocks through decoding. Accordingly, a signal processing circuit (not shown) for a received signal may include a signal restorer, a resource de-mapper, a postcoder, a demodulator, a de-scrambler, and a decoder.

[0323] Figure 18 illustrates a wireless device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The wireless device may be implemented in various forms depending on the use case / service (see Figure 15). The embodiment of Figure 18 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0324] Referring to FIG. 18, the wireless device (100, 200) corresponds to the wireless device (100, 200) of FIG. 16 and may be composed of various elements, components, units / units, and / or modules. For example, the wireless device (100, 200) may include a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a memory unit (130), and an additional element (140). The communication unit may include a communication circuit (112) and a transceiver(s) (114). For example, the communication circuit (112) may include one or more processors (102, 202) and / or one or more memories (104, 204) of FIG. 16. For example, the transceiver(s) (114) may include one or more transceivers (106, 206) and / or one or more antennas (108, 208) of FIG. 16. The control unit (120) is electrically connected to the communication unit (110), the memory unit (130), and the additional elements (140) and controls the overall operation of the wireless device. For example, the control unit (120) may control the electrical / mechanical operation of the wireless device based on the program / code / command / information stored in the memory unit (130). In addition, the control unit (120) may transmit information stored in the memory unit (130) to an external device (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless / wired interface through the communication unit (110), or store information received from an external device (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless / wired interface in the memory unit (130).

[0325] The additional element (140) may be configured in various ways depending on the type of the wireless device. For example, the additional element (140) may include at least one of a power unit / battery, an input / output unit (I / O unit), a driving unit, and a computing unit. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device may be implemented in the form of a robot (Fig. 15, 100a), a vehicle (Fig. 15, 100b-1, 100b-2), an XR device (Fig. 15, 100c), a portable device (Fig. 15, 100d), a home appliance (Fig. 15, 100e), an IoT device (Fig. 15, 100f), a digital broadcasting terminal, a hologram device, a public safety device, an MTC device, a medical device, a fintech device (or a financial device), a security device, a climate / environmental device, an AI server / device (Fig. 15, 400), a base station (Fig. 15, 200), a network node, etc. Wireless devices may be mobile or stationary depending on the use / service.

[0326] In FIG. 18, various elements, components, units / parts, and / or modules within the wireless device (100, 200) may be interconnected entirely via a wired interface, or at least some may be wirelessly connected via a communication unit (110). For example, within the wireless device (100, 200), the control unit (120) and the communication unit (110) may be wired, and the control unit (120) and the first unit (e.g., 130, 140) may be wirelessly connected via the communication unit (110). In addition, each element, component, unit / part, and / or module within the wireless device (100, 200) may further include one or more elements. For example, the control unit (120) may be composed of one or more processor sets. For example, the control unit (120) may be composed of a set of a communication control processor, an application processor, an electronic control unit (ECU), a graphics processing processor, a memory control processor, etc. As another example, the memory unit (130) may be composed of a random access memory (RAM), a dynamic RAM (DRAM), a read only memory (ROM), a flash memory, a volatile memory, a non-volatile memory, and / or a combination thereof.

[0327] Below, the implementation example of Fig. 18 is described in more detail with reference to the drawings.

[0328] FIG. 19 illustrates a mobile device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The mobile device may include a smartphone, a smart pad, a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch, smartglasses), or a portable computer (e.g., a laptop, etc.). The mobile device may be referred to as a Mobile Station (MS), a User Terminal (UT), a Mobile Subscriber Station (MSS), a Subscriber Station (SS), an Advanced Mobile Station (AMS), or a Wireless Terminal (WT). The embodiment of FIG. 19 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0329] Referring to FIG. 19, the portable device (100) may include an antenna unit (108), a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a memory unit (130), a power supply unit (140a), an interface unit (140b), and an input / output unit (140c). The antenna unit (108) may be configured as a part of the communication unit (110). Blocks 110 to 130 / 140a to 140c correspond to blocks 110 to 130 / 140 of FIG. 18, respectively.

[0330] The communication unit (110) can transmit and receive signals (e.g., data, control signals, etc.) with other wireless devices and base stations. The control unit (120) can control components of the mobile device (100) to perform various operations. The control unit (120) can include an AP (Application Processor). The memory unit (130) can store data / parameters / programs / codes / commands required for operating the mobile device (100). In addition, the memory unit (130) can store input / output data / information, etc. The power supply unit (140a) supplies power to the mobile device (100) and can include a wired / wireless charging circuit, a battery, etc. The interface unit (140b) can support connection between the mobile device (100) and other external devices. The interface unit (140b) can include various ports (e.g., audio input / output ports, video input / output ports) for connection with external devices. The input / output unit (140c) can input or output video information / signals, audio information / signals, data, and / or information input from a user. The input / output unit (140c) may include a camera, a microphone, a user input unit, a display unit (140d), a speaker, and / or a haptic module.

[0331] For example, in the case of data communication, the input / output unit (140c) obtains information / signals (e.g., touch, text, voice, image, video) input by the user, and the obtained information / signals can be stored in the memory unit (130). The communication unit (110) converts the information / signals stored in the memory into wireless signals, and can directly transmit the converted wireless signals to other wireless devices or to a base station. In addition, the communication unit (110) can receive wireless signals from other wireless devices or base stations, and then restore the received wireless signals to the original information / signals. The restored information / signals can be stored in the memory unit (130) and then output in various forms (e.g., text, voice, image, video, haptic) through the input / output unit (140c).

[0332] FIG. 20 illustrates a vehicle or autonomous vehicle according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The vehicle or autonomous vehicle may be implemented as a mobile robot, a car, a train, a manned or unmanned aerial vehicle (AV), a ship, or the like. The embodiment of FIG. 20 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0333] Referring to FIG. 20, a vehicle or autonomous vehicle (100) may include an antenna unit (108), a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a driving unit (140a), a power supply unit (140b), a sensor unit (140c), and an autonomous driving unit (140d). The antenna unit (108) may be configured as a part of the communication unit (110). Blocks 110 / 130 / 140a to 140d correspond to blocks 110 / 130 / 140 of FIG. 18, respectively.

[0334] The communication unit (110) can transmit and receive signals (e.g., data, control signals, etc.) with external devices such as other vehicles, base stations (e.g., base stations, road side units, etc.), and servers. The control unit (120) can control elements of the vehicle or autonomous vehicle (100) to perform various operations. The control unit (120) can include an ECU (Electronic Control Unit). The drive unit (140a) can drive the vehicle or autonomous vehicle (100) on the ground. The drive unit (140a) can include an engine, a motor, a power train, wheels, brakes, a steering device, etc. The power supply unit (140b) supplies power to the vehicle or autonomous vehicle (100) and can include a wired / wireless charging circuit, a battery, etc. The sensor unit (140c) can obtain vehicle status, surrounding environment information, user information, etc. The sensor unit (140c) may include an IMU (inertial measurement unit) sensor, a collision sensor, a wheel sensor, a speed sensor, an incline sensor, a weight detection sensor, a heading sensor, a position module, a vehicle forward / backward sensor, a battery sensor, a fuel sensor, a tire sensor, a steering sensor, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, an illuminance sensor, a pedal position sensor, etc. The autonomous driving unit (140d) may implement a technology for maintaining a driving lane, a technology for automatically controlling speed such as adaptive cruise control, a technology for automatically driving along a set path, a technology for automatically setting a path and driving when a destination is set, etc.

[0335] For example, the communication unit (110) can receive map data, traffic information data, etc. from an external server. The autonomous driving unit (140d) can generate an autonomous driving route and driving plan based on the acquired data. The control unit (120) can control the drive unit (140a) so that the vehicle or autonomous vehicle (100) moves along the autonomous driving route according to the driving plan (e.g., speed / direction control). During autonomous driving, the communication unit (110) can irregularly / periodically acquire the latest traffic information data from an external server and can acquire surrounding traffic information data from surrounding vehicles. In addition, during autonomous driving, the sensor unit (140c) can acquire vehicle status and surrounding environment information. The autonomous driving unit (140d) can update the autonomous driving route and driving plan based on newly acquired data / information. The communication unit (110) can transmit information regarding the vehicle location, autonomous driving route, driving plan, etc. to the external server. External servers can predict traffic information data in advance using AI technology or other technologies based on information collected from vehicles or autonomous vehicles, and provide the predicted traffic information data to the vehicles or autonomous vehicles.

[0336] The claims set forth in this specification may be combined in various ways. For example, the technical features of the method claims of this specification may be combined and implemented as a device, and the technical features of the device claims of this specification may be combined and implemented as a method. Furthermore, the technical features of the method claims and the technical features of the device claims of this specification may be combined and implemented as a device, and the technical features of the method claims and the technical features of the device claims of this specification may be combined and implemented as a method.

Claims

1. In terms of method, A step of transmitting a random access preamble to a base station based on physical random access channel resources; and In response to the random access preamble, comprising the step of receiving a random access response from the base station, the random access preamble identifier associated with the physical random access channel resource, The above physical random access channel resource is a resource to which an orthogonal cover code is applied based on an orthogonal cover code index, and A method wherein the random access preamble identifier is determined based on a subchannel index associated with the physical random access channel resource and the orthogonal cover code index.

2. In paragraph 1, In response to the random access response, a step of transmitting a message to the base station based on the random access response; and A method further comprising the step of monitoring information related to contention resolution to be transmitted from the base station in response to the message.

3. In paragraph 2, A step of receiving information related to the resolution of the above competition; and A method further comprising the step of performing communication based on information related to the resolution of the competition.

4. In paragraph 1, A method in which the random access preamble identifier increases in the order in which the orthogonal cover code index increases after the subchannel index increases to a maximum value.

5. In paragraph 1, The above physical random access channel resource includes a plurality of first resource units, The first resource unit is composed of a plurality of second resource units whose frequency domains do not overlap, and A method wherein the second resource unit is composed of a plurality of symbol groups whose frequency domains do not overlap.

6. In paragraph 5, A method in which the length of a cyclic prefix symbol and the length of a symbol of a sequence constituting a first symbol group included in the above plurality of symbol groups are the same.

7. In paragraph 6, A method in which the orthogonal cover code is applied to the physical random access channel resource based on the length of the cyclic prefix symbol being equal to the length of the symbol of the sequence.

8. In paragraph 5, A method wherein the above orthogonal cover code is applied to a first resource of a first resource unit included in the plurality of first resource units.

9. In paragraph 5, A method wherein the above orthogonal cover code is applied to a first resource of a second resource unit included in the plurality of second resource units.

10. In paragraph 1, A method wherein the above physical random access channel resources include narrowband physical random access channel resources.

11. In paragraph 1, A method in which the above random access response is received based on base station-to-terminal physical control channel resources or base station-to-terminal physical shared channel resources.

12. In paragraph 11, The above base station-to-terminal physical control channel resources include narrowband base station-to-terminal physical control channel resources, and A method wherein the base station-to-terminal physical shared channel resources include narrowband base station-to-terminal physical shared channel resources.

13. In paragraph 1, A method, wherein the above method is performed by a first device.

14. In the first device, At least one transceiver; at least one processor; and At least one memory coupled to said at least one processor and storing instructions, The above instructions, based on being executed by the at least one processor, cause the first device to: Transmitting a random access preamble to a base station based on physical random access channel resources; and In response to the random access preamble, receive a random access response from the base station, the random access preamble identifier associated with the physical random access channel resource, The above physical random access channel resource is a resource to which an orthogonal cover code is applied based on an orthogonal cover code index, and A first device, wherein the random access preamble identifier is determined based on a subchannel index associated with the physical random access channel resource and the orthogonal cover code index.

15. In a processing device set to control the first device, at least one processor; and At least one memory coupled to said at least one processor and storing instructions, The above instructions, based on being executed by the at least one processor, cause the first device to: Transmitting a random access preamble to a base station based on physical random access channel resources; and In response to the random access preamble, receive a random access response from the base station, the random access preamble identifier associated with the physical random access channel resource, The above physical random access channel resource is a resource to which an orthogonal cover code is applied based on an orthogonal cover code index, and A processing device, wherein the random access preamble identifier is determined based on a subchannel index associated with the physical random access channel resource and the orthogonal cover code index.

16. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that records commands, The above commands, when executed, cause the first device to: Transmitting a random access preamble to a base station based on physical random access channel resources; and In response to the random access preamble, receive a random access response from the base station, the random access preamble identifier associated with the physical random access channel resource, The above physical random access channel resource is a resource to which an orthogonal cover code is applied based on an orthogonal cover code index, and A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, wherein the random access preamble identifier is determined based on a subchannel index associated with the physical random access channel resource and the orthogonal cover code index.

17. In the method, A step of receiving a random access preamble from a first device based on a physical random access channel resource; and In response to the random access preamble, comprising the step of transmitting a random access response including a random access preamble identifier associated with the physical random access channel resource to the first device, The above physical random access channel resource is a resource to which an orthogonal cover code is applied based on an orthogonal cover code index, and A method wherein the random access preamble identifier is determined based on a subchannel index associated with the physical random access channel resource and the orthogonal cover code index.

18. In paragraph 17, A method in which the random access preamble identifier increases in the order in which the orthogonal cover code index increases after the subchannel index increases to a maximum value.

19. In the second device, At least one transceiver; at least one processor; and At least one memory coupled to said at least one processor and storing instructions, The above instructions, based on being executed by the at least one processor, cause the second device to: Receiving a random access preamble from a first device based on physical random access channel resources; and In response to the random access preamble, cause the first device to transmit a random access response including a random access preamble identifier associated with the physical random access channel resource, The above physical random access channel resource is a resource to which an orthogonal cover code is applied based on an orthogonal cover code index, and A second device, wherein the random access preamble identifier is determined based on a subchannel index associated with the physical random access channel resource and the orthogonal cover code index.

20. In paragraph 19, The random access preamble identifier is a second device, which increases in the order in which the orthogonal cover code index increases after the subchannel index increases to its maximum value.

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