Transmission and reception method based on non-terrestrial network and device thereof

Abstract

Provided are a method by which a device performs wireless communication and a device for supporting same. The device can obtain information related to at least one random access resource, transmit a first random access channel to a base station on the basis of a first random access resource configured for a first satellite beam from among the at least one random access resource, and receive a response to the first random access channel from the base station. For example, the random access resource may be configured for each satellite beam.

Description

Non-terrestrial network-based transmission and reception method and device

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a wireless communication system.

[0002] 5G NR, the successor to LTE (long-term evolution), is a new clean-slate mobile communications system characterized by high performance, low latency, and high availability. 5G NR can utilize all available spectrum resources, from low-frequency bands below 1 GHz, mid-frequency bands between 1 GHz and 10 GHz, and high-frequency (millimeter wave) bands above 24 GHz.

[0003] The 6G (wireless communication) system aims to achieve (i) very high data rates per device, (ii) a very large number of connected devices, (iii) global connectivity, (iv) very low latency, (v) low energy consumption for battery-free Internet of Things (IoT) devices, (vi) ultra-reliable connectivity, and (vii) connected intelligence with machine learning capabilities. The vision of the 6G system can be divided into four aspects: intelligent connectivity, deep connectivity, holographic connectivity, and ubiquitous connectivity, and the 6G system can satisfy the requirements as shown in Table 1 below. For example, Table 1 can represent an example of the requirements of a 6G system.

[0004] Maximum data rate per device: 1 Tbps, E2E latency: 1 ms, Maximum spectral efficiency: 100 bps / Hz, Mobility support: Up to 1000 km / hr, Satellite integration: Fully AI, Fully autonomous driving, Fully XR, Fully haptic communication

[0005] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a method may be provided. For example, the method may include: obtaining information related to at least one random access resource; transmitting a first random access channel to a base station based on a first random access resource configured for a first satellite beam among the at least one random access resource; and receiving a response to the first random access channel from the base station. For example, the random access resource may be configured for each satellite beam.

[0006] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a device may be provided. For example, the device may include at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, may cause the device to: obtain information related to at least one random access resource; transmit a first random access channel to a base station based on a first random access resource configured for a first satellite beam among the at least one random access resource; and receive a response to the first random access channel from the base station. For example, the random access resource may be configured for each satellite beam.

[0007] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a processing device configured to control a device may be provided. For example, the processing device may include at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, may cause the device to: obtain information related to at least one random access resource; transmit a first random access channel to a base station based on a first random access resource configured for a first satellite beam among the at least one random access resource; and receive a response to the first random access channel from the base station. For example, the random access resource may be configured for each satellite beam.

[0008] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having instructions recorded thereon may be provided. For example, the instructions, when executed, may cause a device to: obtain information related to at least one random access resource; transmit a first random access channel to a base station based on a first random access resource configured for a first satellite beam among the at least one random access resource; and receive a response to the first random access channel from the base station. For example, the random access resource may be configured for each satellite beam.

[0009] Figure 1 illustrates a device-to-device communication procedure according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0010] FIG. 2 illustrates a radio protocol architecture according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0011] FIG. 3 illustrates the structure of a wireless frame according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0012] FIG. 4 illustrates a slot structure of a frame according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0013] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a BWP according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0014] FIG. 6 illustrates a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0015] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a communication scenario based on a 6G system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0016] FIGS. 8A and 8B illustrate a non-terrestrial network scenario according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0017] FIG. 9 illustrates a procedure for performing downlink transmission and reception according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0018] FIG. 10 illustrates a procedure for performing uplink transmission and reception according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0019] FIG. 11 illustrates a method by which a device performs wireless communication according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0020] FIG. 12 illustrates a method for a base station to perform wireless communication according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0021] FIG. 13 illustrates a communication system (1) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0022] FIG. 14 illustrates a wireless device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0023] FIG. 15 illustrates a signal processing circuit for a transmission signal according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0024] FIG. 16 illustrates a wireless device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0025] FIG. 17 illustrates a mobile device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0026] FIG. 18 illustrates a vehicle or autonomous vehicle according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0027] In this disclosure, "A or B" can mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." In other words, "A or B" in this disclosure can be interpreted as "A and / or B." For example, "A, B or C" in this disclosure can mean "only A," "only B," "only C," or "any combination of A, B and C."

[0028] As used herein, a slash ( / ) or a comma may mean "and / or." For example, "A / B" may mean "A and / or B." Accordingly, "A / B" may mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." For example, "A, B, C" may mean "A, B, or C."

[0029] In the present disclosure, “at least one of A and B” may mean “only A,” “only B,” or “both A and B.” Additionally, in the present disclosure, the expressions “at least one of A or B” or “at least one of A and / or B” may be interpreted identically to “at least one of A and B.”

[0030] Additionally, in the present disclosure, “at least one of A, B and C” can mean “only A,” “only B,” “only C,” or “any combination of A, B and C.” Additionally, “at least one of A, B or C” or “at least one of A, B and / or C” can mean “at least one of A, B and C.”

[0031] Additionally, parentheses used in the present disclosure may mean "for example." Specifically, when indicated as "control information (PDCCH)", "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information." In other words, "control information" in the present disclosure is not limited to "PDCCH," and "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information." Furthermore, even when indicated as "control information (i.e., PDCCH)", "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information."

[0032] In the following explanation, ‘when, if, in case of’ can be replaced with ‘based on’.

[0033] Technical features individually described in one drawing in this disclosure may be implemented individually or simultaneously.

[0034] In the present disclosure, higher layer parameters may be parameters set for the terminal, preset, or predefined. For example, a base station or network may transmit higher layer parameters to the terminal. For example, the higher layer parameters may be transmitted via radio resource control (RRC) signaling or medium access control (MAC) signaling.

[0035] In the present disclosure, "setting or defining" may be interpreted as being set or preset to a device through predefined signaling (e.g., SIB, MAC, RRC, DCI (downlink control information), etc.) from a base station or a network. In the present disclosure, "setting or defining" may be interpreted as being set or preset to a device through predefined signaling (e.g., MAC, RRC, SCI (sidelink control information), device-to-device signaling control information, etc.) from another device. In the present disclosure, "setting or defining" may be interpreted as being set or preset to a device.

[0036] In the present disclosure, a user equipment (UE) may refer to a device, a portable device, a wireless device, etc. In the present disclosure, a base station (BS) may refer to a radio access network (RAN) node, a non-terrestrial network (NTN) cell / node, a transmission reception point (TRP), a network, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a device, a portable device, a wireless device, etc.

[0037] The technology proposed in the present disclosure can be used in various wireless communication systems such as CDMA (code division multiple access), FDMA (frequency division multiple access), TDMA (time division multiple access), OFDMA (orthogonal frequency division multiple access), and SC-FDMA (single carrier frequency division multiple access). CDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as UTRA (universal terrestrial radio access) or CDMA2000. TDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as GSM (global system for mobile communications) / GPRS (general packet radio service) / EDGE (enhanced data rates for GSM evolution). OFDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802-20, E-UTRA (evolved UTRA), LTE (long term evolution), and 5G NR.

[0038] The technology proposed in this disclosure can be implemented with 6G wireless technology and applied to various 6G systems. For example, 6G systems can have key factors such as enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low latency communications (URLLC), massive machine-type communication (mMTC), artificial intelligence (AI) integrated communication, tactile internet, high throughput, high network capacity, high energy efficiency, low backhaul and access network congestion, and enhanced data security.

[0039] FIG. 1 illustrates a device-to-device communication procedure according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 1 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0040] Referring to FIG. 1, in step S101, a first device and a second device can perform synchronization. For example, the first device can be a terminal and / or at least one of the devices proposed in the present disclosure. For example, the second device can be a base station, a network, a RAN node, an NTN node / cell, a TRP, a terminal and / or at least one of the devices proposed in the present disclosure. For example, the first device can perform an initial cell search operation. For example, the first device can detect at least one synchronization signal transmitted by the second device according to a predefined rule. Here, for example, the synchronization signal can include a plurality of synchronization signals classified according to a structure or purpose (e.g., a primary synchronization signal, a secondary synchronization signal, etc.). Through this, the first device can identify the boundaries of the frame, subframe, time unit, slot, and / or symbol of the second device, and the first device can obtain information about the second device (e.g., a cell identifier).

[0041] In step S103, the first device can obtain system information transmitted by the second device. For example, the system information may include information related to the properties, characteristics, and / or capabilities of the second device required to connect to the second device and use the service. For example, the system information may be classified according to content (e.g., whether it is essential for connection), transmission structure (e.g., the channel used, whether it is provided on-demand), etc. For example, the system information may be classified into a master information block (MIB) and a system information block (SIB). For example, if necessary, the first device may transmit a signal requesting system information before receiving the system information. For example, the request and provision of system information may be performed after a random access procedure described below.

[0042] In step S105, the first device and the second device can perform a random access procedure. For example, the first device can transmit and / or receive at least one message (e.g., a random access preamble, a random access response message, etc.) for the random access procedure based on information related to a random access channel of the second device obtained through system information (e.g., channel location, channel structure, structure of supported preamble, etc.). For example, the first device can transmit a preamble (e.g., Msg1) through the random access channel, the first device can receive a random access response message (e.g., Msg2), the first device can transmit a message (e.g., Msg3) including information related to the first device (e.g., identification information) to the second device using scheduling information included in the random access response message, and the first device can receive a message (e.g., Msg4) for contention resolution and / or connection establishment. For example, Msg1 and Msg3 can be sent and received as one message (e.g., MsgA), and / or Msg2 and Msg4 can be sent and received as one message (e.g., MsgB).

[0043] In step S107, the first device and the second device may perform signaling of control information. Here, for example, the control information may be defined in various layers, such as a layer that controls a connection (e.g., a radio resource control (RRC) layer), a layer that handles mapping between logical channels and transport channels (e.g., a media access control (MAC) layer), a layer that handles physical channels (e.g., a physical (PHY) layer), etc. For example, the first device and the second device may perform at least one of signaling for establishing a connection, signaling for determining settings related to communication, and / or signaling for indicating allocated resources. For example, the control information may be signaled / transmitted via a control channel. For example, the control information and / or the control channel may be used to schedule at least one of data, a data channel (e.g., a shared channel), and / or control information on the data channel.

[0044] In step S109, the first device and the second device may transmit and / or receive data. For example, the first device and the second device may process, transmit, and / or receive data based on signaling of control information. For example, when transmitting data, the first device or the second device may perform at least one of channel encoding, rate matching, scrambling, constellation mapping, layer mapping, waveform modulation, antenna mapping, and / or resource mapping on the information bits. For example, when receiving data, the first device or the second device may perform at least one of signal extraction from resources, waveform demodulation for each antenna, signal arrangement considering layer mapping, constellation demapping, descrambling, and / or channel decoding.

[0045] For example, the layers of a radio interface protocol between a first device and a second device can be divided into L1 (layer 1), L2 (layer 2), L3 (layer 3), etc. For example, a physical layer belonging to the first layer can provide an information transfer service using a physical channel, and an RRC (radio resource control) layer located in the third layer can play a role in controlling radio resources between the first device and the second device. For this purpose, for example, the RRC layer can exchange RRC messages between the first device and the second device.

[0046] FIG. 2 illustrates a radio protocol architecture according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 2 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, (a) of FIG. 2 may illustrate a radio protocol stack of a user plane for uplink communication or downlink communication, and (b) of FIG. 2 may illustrate a radio protocol stack of a control plane for uplink communication or downlink communication. For example, (c) of FIG. 2 may illustrate a radio protocol stack of a user plane for device-to-device communication, and (d) of FIG. 2 may illustrate a radio protocol stack of a control plane for device-to-device communication.

[0047] For example, the physical layer can provide information transmission services to upper layers using physical channels. For example, the physical layer can be connected to the upper layer, the medium access control (MAC) layer, through a transport channel. For example, data can be transmitted between the MAC layer and the physical layer through the transport channel. For example, transport channels can be classified according to how and with what characteristics data is transmitted over the wireless interface. For example, data can be transmitted between different physical layers, i.e., between the physical layers of a first device and a second device, through a physical channel. For example, the physical channel can be modulated using an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) scheme, and time and frequency can be utilized as radio resources.

[0048] For example, the MAC layer can provide services to the upper layer, the radio link control (RLC) layer, through logical channels. For example, the MAC layer can provide a mapping function from multiple logical channels to multiple transport channels. For example, the MAC layer can provide a logical channel multiplexing function by mapping multiple logical channels to a single transport channel. For example, the MAC sublayer can provide data transmission services on logical channels.

[0049] For example, the RLC layer can perform concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC service data units (SDUs). For example, to guarantee the various quality of service (QoS) required by radio bearers (RBs), the RLC layer can provide three operating modes: transparent mode (TM), unacknowledged mode (UM), and acknowledged mode (AM). For example, AM RLC can provide error correction through automatic repeat request (ARQ).

[0050] For example, the RRC (radio resource control) layer can be defined only in the control plane. For example, the RRC layer can be responsible for controlling logical channels, transport channels, and physical channels in relation to the configuration, re-configuration, and release of radio bearers. For example, an RB can mean a logical path provided by a first layer (e.g., a physical layer) and a second layer (e.g., a MAC layer, an RLC layer, a PDCP (packet data convergence protocol) layer, a SDAP (service data adaptation protocol) layer, etc.) for data transmission between a first device and a second device.

[0051] For example, the functions of the PDCP layer in the user plane may include the forwarding of user data, header compression, and ciphering. For example, the functions of the PDCP layer in the control plane may include the forwarding of control plane data and ciphering / integrity protection.

[0052] For example, establishing an RB can refer to the process of defining the characteristics of the radio protocol layer and channel to provide a specific service, and setting specific parameters and operating methods for each. For example, RBs can be divided into two types: signaling radio bearers (SRBs) and data radio bearers (DRBs). For example, SRBs can be used as a channel to transmit RRC messages in the control plane, while DRBs can be used as a channel to transmit user data in the user plane.

[0053] For example, a downlink transmission channel may include at least one of a broadcast channel (BCH) for transmitting system information, and / or a downlink shared channel (SCH) for transmitting user traffic or control messages. For example, traffic or control messages of a downlink multicast or broadcast service may be transmitted through the downlink SCH, or may be transmitted through a separate downlink multicast channel (MCH). Meanwhile, an uplink transmission channel may include at least one of a random access channel (RACH) for transmitting initial control messages, and / or an uplink shared channel (SCH) for transmitting user traffic or control messages. For example, a logical channel located above a transmission channel and mapped to the transmission channel may include at least one of a broadcast control channel (BCCH), a paging control channel (PCCH), a common control channel (CCCH), a multicast control channel (MCCH), and / or a multicast traffic channel (MTCH).

[0054] FIG. 3 illustrates the structure of a wireless frame according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 3 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0055] Referring to FIG. 3, for example, a radio frame may be used in uplink transmission, downlink transmission, and / or device-to-device transmission. For example, a radio frame may have a length of 10 ms and may be defined as two 5 ms half-frames (HF). For example, a half-frame may include five 1 ms subframes (SF). For example, a subframe may be divided into one or more slots, and the number of slots within a subframe may be determined according to a subcarrier spacing (SCS). For example, each slot may include 12 or 14 OFDM (A) symbols, depending on a cyclic prefix (CP).

[0056] For example, when normal CP is used, each slot can contain 14 symbols. For example, when extended CP is used, each slot can contain 12 symbols. Here, for example, the symbols can contain OFDM symbols (or CP-OFDM symbols), SC-FDMA (single carrier-FDMA) symbols (or DFT-s-OFDM (Discrete Fourier Transform-spread-OFDM) symbols).

[0057] Table 2 below shows the number of symbols per slot (N) depending on the SCS setting (u) when normal CP or extended CP is used. slot symb ), number of slots per frame (N frame,u slot ) and the number of slots per subframe (N subframe,u slot ) is an example.

[0058] CP type SCS (15*2u )N slot symb N frame,u slot N subframe,u slot Normal CP15kHz (u=0)1410130kHz (u=1)1420260kHz (u=2)14404120kHz (u=3)14808240kHz (u=4)1416016Extended CP60kHz (u=2)12404

[0059] For example, OFDM(A) numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.) may be set differently between multiple cells that are merged into a single terminal. Accordingly, the (absolute time) interval of time resources (e.g., subframes, slots, or transmit time intervals (TTIs)) composed of the same number of symbols may be set differently between the merged cells. For example, in the present disclosure, time resources such as subframes, slots, TTIs, etc. may be referred to as time units.

[0060] For example, multiple numerologies, or SCSs, may be supported to support various services. For example, a 15 kHz SCS may support wide areas in traditional cellular bands, while a 30 kHz / 60 kHz SCS may support dense urban areas, lower latency, and wider carrier bandwidth. For example, a 60 kHz or higher SCS may support bandwidths greater than 24.25 GHz to overcome phase noise.

[0061] FIG. 4 illustrates a slot structure of a frame according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 4 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0062] Referring to FIG. 4, for example, a slot may include multiple symbols in the time domain. For example, a carrier may include multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. For example, a resource block (RB) may be defined as multiple consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. For example, a bandwidth part (BWP) may be defined as multiple consecutive (P)RBs ((physical) resource blocks) in the frequency domain, and may correspond to one numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.). For example, a carrier may include at most N BWPs (where N is a positive integer). For example, data communication may be performed through an activated BWP. For example, each element may be referred to as a resource element (RE) in the resource grid, and one complex symbol may be mapped to it.

[0063] For example, a BWP may be a contiguous set of PRBs in a given numerology. For example, a PRB may be selected from a contiguous subset of common resource blocks (CRBs) for a given numerology on a given carrier.

[0064] For example, the BWP may be at least one of an active BWP, an initial BWP, and / or a default BWP. For example, the UE may not monitor the downlink radio link quality in a DL BWP other than the active DL BWP on the PCell (primary cell). For example, the UE may not receive a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH), a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH), or a channel state information-reference signal (CSI-RS) (except for radio resource management (RRM)) outside of the active DL BWP. For example, the UE may not trigger channel state information (CSI) reporting for an inactive DL BWP. For example, the UE may not transmit a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) or a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) outside of the active UL BWP. For example, for downlink, the initial BWP can be given as a set of consecutive resource blocks (RBs) for the remaining minimum system information (RMSI) CORESET (control resource set) (set by the physical broadcast channel (PBCH)). For uplink, for example, the initial BWP can be given by the system information block (SIB) for the random access procedure. For example, the default BWP can be set by a higher layer. For example, the initial value of the default BWP can be the initial DL BWP.For energy saving, if a terminal does not detect DCI (downlink control information) for a certain period of time, the terminal may switch its active BWP to a default BWP.

[0065] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a BWP according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 5 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure. In the embodiment of FIG. 5, it is assumed that there are three BWPs.

[0066] Referring to FIG. 5, for example, a common resource block (CRB) may be a carrier resource block numbered from one end of a carrier band to the other, and a PRB may be a numbered resource block within each BWP. For example, point A may indicate a common reference point for a resource block grid.

[0067] For example, BWP is point A, offset from point A (N start BWP ) and bandwidth (N size BWP ) can be set by. For example, point A can be an outer reference point of the PRB of a carrier where subcarrier 0 of all numerologies (e.g., all numerologies supported by the network on that carrier) aligns. For example, the offset can be the PRB spacing between the lowest subcarrier in a given numerology and point A. For example, the bandwidth can be the number of PRBs in a given numerology.

[0068] FIG. 6 illustrates a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 6 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0069] As core implementation technologies of the 6G system, technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), THz (terahertz) communication, optical wireless technology, free-space optical transmission (FSO) backhaul networks, massive MIMO (multiple input multiple output) technology, blockchain, 3D networking, quantum communication, unmanned aerial vehicles, cell-free communication, wireless information and energy transfer (WIET), integration of sensing and communication, integration of access backhaul networks, holographic beamforming, big data analysis, and large intelligent surface (LIS) can be adopted.

[0070] - Artificial Intelligence: Incorporating AI into communications can streamline and improve real-time data transmission. AI can use numerous analytics to determine how complex target tasks should be performed. For example, AI can increase efficiency and reduce processing delays. Time-consuming tasks such as handovers, network selection, and resource scheduling can be performed instantly using AI. AI can also play a crucial role in machine-to-machine (M2M), machine-to-human, and human-to-machine communications. AI can also facilitate rapid communication in brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). AI-based communication systems can be supported by metamaterials, intelligent structures, intelligent networks, intelligent devices, intelligent cognitive radios, self-sustaining wireless networks, and machine learning.

[0071] - THz communication (terahertz communication): Data rates can be increased by increasing the bandwidth. This can be achieved by using sub-THz communication with wide bandwidths and applying advanced massive MIMO technology. THz waves, also known as sub-millimeter waves, typically refer to the frequency range between 0.1 THz and 10 THz, with corresponding wavelengths ranging from 0.03 mm to 3 mm. The 100 GHz to 300 GHz band (sub-THz band) is considered a key part of the THz spectrum for cellular communications. Adding the sub-THz band to the mmWave band will increase the capacity of 6G cellular communications. Among the defined THz bands, 300 GHz to 3 THz lies in the far infrared (IR) frequency band. While part of the optical band, the 300 GHz to 3 THz band lies at the boundary of the optical band, immediately following the RF band. Therefore, this 300 GHz to 3 THz band exhibits similarities to RF. Key characteristics of THz communications include (i) the widely available bandwidth to support very high data rates and (ii) the high path loss that occurs at high frequencies (requiring highly directional antennas). The narrow beamwidths generated by highly directional antennas reduce interference. The small wavelength of THz signals allows for a significantly larger number of antenna elements to be integrated into devices and base stations operating in this band. This enables the use of advanced adaptive array technologies to overcome range limitations.

[0072] - Large-scale MIMO technology

[0073] - Hologram beamforming (HBF)

[0074] - Optical wireless technology

[0075] - Free-space optical transmission backhaul network (FSO backhaul network)

[0076] - Quantum communication

[0077] - Cell-free communication

[0078] - Integration of wireless information and power transmission

[0079] - Integration of wireless communication and sensing

[0080] - Integrated access and backhaul network

[0081] - Big data analysis

[0082] - Reconfigurable intelligent surface

[0083] - metaverse

[0084] - Block chain

[0085] Advanced Air Mobility (AAM): AAM can be a broad concept encompassing urban air mobility (UAM), regional air mobility (RAM), and uncrewed aerial systems (UAS). For example, AAM can include UAM, RAM, UAS, and uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAVs).

[0086] - Autonomous driving (self-driving): V2X (vehicle to everything), a key element in building autonomous driving infrastructure, can be a technology that allows cars to communicate and share with various elements on the road for autonomous driving, such as vehicle to vehicle (V2V) wireless communication and vehicle to infrastructure (V2I) wireless communication.

[0087] Non-terrestrial network (NTN): NTN can refer to a network or network segment that utilizes radio frequency (RF) resources mounted on satellites (or UAS platforms). NTN services may be considered to secure wider coverage or provide wireless communication services in locations where the installation of wireless communication base stations is difficult.

[0088] - Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC): Wireless sensing is a technology that uses radio frequencies to determine the instantaneous linear velocity, angle, distance (range), etc. of an object, thereby obtaining information about the characteristics of the environment and / or objects within the environment.

[0089] - Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS): RIS can be used to manipulate and enhance signal propagation in wireless communication environments. For example, a RIS can be composed of many small antennas, or metasurfaces, arranged on a surface, each of which can actively control the phase, amplitude, polarization, etc. of the reflected signal. For example, a RIS can improve signal reception by controlling the path, phase, and / or intensity of the propagating signal. For example, in the case of a RIS, power consumption can be very low because power is consumed only for controlling the phase and amplitude of the small antennas. For example, because a RIS can be reconfigured to suit different environments, it can meet diverse communication requirements and operate effectively in dynamic network environments.

[0090] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a communication scenario based on a 6G system, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 7 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0091] Referring to FIG. 7, NTN communication can be performed based on satellite networks, high-altitude platform stations (HAPS) as international mobile telecommunications (IMT) base stations (BS), and terminals capable of aerial communication (e.g., AAMs). For example, to improve coverage, etc., devices such as satellite networks, HIBS, and terminals capable of aerial communication (e.g., AAMs) can act as relays. For example, an AAM can communicate with a base station, a satellite network, etc., and / or an AAM can communicate directly with a terminal, another AAM, etc.

[0092] Figures 8a and 8b illustrate a non-terrestrial network scenario according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiments of Figures 8a and 8b may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0093] Figure 8a illustrates a non-terrestrial network scenario based on a transparent payload, and Figure 8b illustrates a non-terrestrial network scenario based on a regenerative payload. For example, a non-terrestrial network may typically include the following elements:

[0094] - One or more satellite gateways connecting non-terrestrial networks to public data networks.

[0095] - Feeder link or wireless link between the satellite gateway and the satellite (or UAS platform).

[0096] - Service link or wireless link between user equipment and satellite (or UAS platform)

[0097] - A satellite (or UAS platform) capable of implementing transparent or regenerative (including onboard processing) payloads. For example, a satellite (or UAS platform) may generate multiple beams over a given service area, typically bounded by a field of view. For example, the beam footprint may be typically elliptical in shape. For example, the field of view of the satellite (or UAS platform) may vary depending on the onboard antenna diagram and minimum elevation angle. For example, for transparent payloads, radio frequency filtering, frequency conversion, and amplification may be performed. Therefore, the repetitive waveform signal in the payload may remain unchanged. For example, for regenerative payloads, radio frequency filtering, frequency conversion, and amplification, as well as demodulation / decoding, switching and / or routing, and coding / modulation may be performed. This may effectively be equivalent to onboarding all base station functions onto the satellite (or UAS platform).

[0098] - Optionally, inter-satellite link (ISL)

[0099] - User equipment can be serviced by satellites (or UAS platforms) within the target service area.

[0100] FIG. 9 illustrates a procedure for performing downlink transmission and reception according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 9 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0101] Referring to FIG. 9, in step S910, the base station may schedule downlink transmission, such as frequency / time resources, transmission layers, downlink precoder, modulation and coding scheme (MCS), etc. For example, the base station may determine a beam for PDSCH transmission to the terminal.

[0102] In step S920, the terminal can receive DCI for downlink scheduling (e.g., including scheduling information of PDSCH) from the base station on the PDCCH.

[0103] For example, DCI format 1_0 or 1_1 may be used for downlink scheduling. For example, DCI format 1_1 may include the following information: identifier for DCI formats, bandwidth part indicator, frequency domain resource assignment, time domain resource assignment, PRB bundling size indicator, rate matching indicator, zero power (ZP) CSI-RS trigger, antenna port(s), transmission configuration indication (TCI), sounding reference signal (SRS) request, demodulation reference signal (DMRS) sequence initialization.

[0104] For example, depending on each state indicated in the antenna port(s) field, a number of DMRS ports can be scheduled, and single-user (SU) / multi-user (MU) transmission scheduling can also be possible.

[0105] For example, the TCI field can consist of 3 bits, and quasi co-location (QCL) for DMRS can be dynamically indicated by indicating up to 8 TCI states depending on the TCI field value.

[0106] In step S930, the terminal can receive downlink data from the base station on the PDSCH.

[0107] For example, if a terminal detects a PDCCH including DCI format 1_0 or 1_1, the terminal can decode the PDSCH according to instructions by the corresponding DCI.

[0108] FIG. 10 illustrates a procedure for performing uplink transmission and reception according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 10 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0109] Referring to FIG. 10, in step S1010, the base station may schedule uplink transmission, such as frequency / time resources, transmission layers, uplink precoder, modulation and coding scheme (MCS), etc. For example, the base station may determine a beam for the terminal to transmit PUSCH.

[0110] In step S1020, the terminal can receive DCI for uplink scheduling (e.g., including scheduling information of PUSCH) from the base station on the PDCCH.

[0111] For example, DCI format 0_0 or 0_1 may be used for uplink scheduling. For example, DCI format 0_1 ​​may include the following information: identifier for DCI formats, supplementary uplink (UL / SUL) indicator, bandwidth part indicator, frequency domain resource assignment, time domain resource assignment, frequency hopping flag, modulation and coding scheme (MCS), SRS resource indicator (SRI), precoding information and number of layers, antenna port(s), SRS request, DMRS sequence initialization, and uplink shared channel (UL-SCH) indicator.

[0112] For example, the SRS resources configured within the SRS resource set associated with the upper layer parameter 'usage' can be indicated by the SRS resource indicator field. For example, 'spatialRelationInfo' can be configured for each SRS resource, and its value can be one of {CRI, SSB, SRI}.

[0113] In step S1030, the terminal can transmit uplink data to the base station on PUSCH.

[0114] For example, if a terminal detects a PDCCH including DCI format 0_0 or 0_1, the terminal can transmit the corresponding PUSCH according to the instructions of the corresponding DCI. For example, two transmission methods, codebook-based transmission and non-codebook-based transmission, can be supported for PUSCH transmission.

[0115] For example, when the upper layer parameter 'txConfig' is set to 'codebook', the terminal may be configured for codebook-based transmission. On the other hand, for example, when the upper layer parameter 'txConfig' is set to 'nonCodebook', the terminal may be configured for non-codebook-based transmission. For example, if the upper layer parameter 'txConfig' is not set, the terminal may not expect to be scheduled by DCI format 0_1. For example, when PUSCH is scheduled by DCI format 0_0, the PUSCH transmission may be based on a single antenna port.

[0116] Meanwhile, in future NTN systems, the effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) and / or bandwidth (BW) for DL ​​transmission may be limited, and coverage enhancement for DL ​​channel transmission may be required in such situations. For example, due to limitations in the satellite's EIRP and / or hardware, the number of satellite beams that can be activated simultaneously may be limited, and the expected traffic characteristics may vary for each beam footprint. For example, depending on the PDCCH coverage enhancement method, the PDCCH coverage may change, and accordingly, the radio link failure (RLF) criteria may need to be changed.

[0117] Meanwhile, within the NTN footprint or within a cell or beam, terminals supporting DL coverage enhancement operations and terminals not supporting DL coverage enhancement operations may coexist. Therefore, it may be necessary to minimize the impact of DL coverage enhancement operations on legacy terminals.

[0118] Meanwhile, in an NTN system, the EIRP for an activated (beam) footprint can be increased by limiting the number or ratio of (beam) footprints that a single satellite or HAPS (high altitude platform station) can activate simultaneously, or a general value can be used. Meanwhile, the way of activating and / or deactivating (beam) footprints over time can be in the form of time intervals during which all or part of the DL reception operations (e.g., PDCCH monitoring and / or reference signal reception and / or CSI / RRM / RLM (radio link monitoring) measurement and / or SSB (synchronization signal block) reception, etc.) are required / allowed and / or not allowed at the terminal end.

[0119] Meanwhile, the base station may provide cell DTX (discontinuous transmission) and / or DRX (discontinuous reception) configuration information to the terminal, and the cell DTX configuration information may include cell DTX ON duration information (start offset and / or interval length). A terminal that has received the above cell DTX configuration information may perform PDCCH monitoring in a serving cell corresponding to the cell DTX configuration for a time period in which celldtxdrx-onDurationTimer operates and / or a time period in which drx-RetransmissionTimerDL or drx-RetransmissionTimerUL or drx-RetransmissionTimerSL operates and / or a time period in which SR on PUCCH is pending and / or a time period in which a PDCCH indicating a new transmission for a C-RNTI (cell radio network temporary identifier) ​​has not yet been detected after successfully receiving a random access response (RAR) for a PRACH (physical random access channel) that is not selected by a MAC entity and / or a time period in which ra-ResponseWindow is operating in a SPCell (special cell), if the cell DTX configuration information is activated (via RRC and / or group-common DCI). The union of the above time intervals can be named a cell DTX active period. Meanwhile, the terminal operation by the retransmission timer of the C-DRX (connected mode discontinuous reception) can be extended to PDCCH monitoring for serving cells belonging to the DRX group.Meanwhile, a terminal that has received the above-described cell DTX configuration information may, in a time domain other than the Cell DTX active period for the various factors mentioned above, omit PDCCH monitoring in the corresponding serving cell and / or may not instruct a DL-SCH reception operation according to a SPS (semi-persistent scheduling) PDSCH in the physical layer and / or may not instruct the existence of a configured DL assignment and / or may not transmit stored HARQ information therefor and / or may not set an HARQ process ID to an HARQ process ID associated with the PDSCH duration of the configured DL assignment and / or may not consider that an NDI (new data indicator) is toggled for an HARQ process ID associated with the PDSCH duration of the configured DL assignment.

[0120] The applicability and method of various embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied differently for fallback DCI formats and non-fallback DCI formats and / or for each DCI format.

[0121] The applicability and method for various embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied differently for each common search space (CSS) (all or part of CSS (Type-0 and / or Type-0A and / or Type-1 and / or Type-2 and / or Type-3)) and each UE-specific search space (USS) and / or each CORESET#0 (control resource set #0) and each non-zero CORESET and / or each search space and / or each CORESET.

[0122] Whether and how to apply the various embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied differently depending on the RNTI for the PDCCH and / or depending on the purpose of the PDCCH (whether it is SIB1 scheduling and / or whether it is direct message transmission).

[0123] The combination of various embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied differently depending on the payload type of the satellite (e.g., regenerative or transparent payload).

[0124] The combination of various embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied differently depending on the type of non-terrestrial network node (e.g., geostationary earth orbit (GEO), non-geostationary earth orbit (NGEO), low earth orbit (LEO), medium earth orbit (MEO), high altitude platform system (HAPS), drone) or altitude or fixed beam footprint or cell-moving beam footprint, etc.

[0125] For example, a satellite and / or a high altitude platform station (HAPS) for a non-terrestrial network may provide to a ground base station and / or a gateway (GW) information about the ratio and / or number of (beam) footprints that can be activated (simultaneously) (while maintaining a normal EIRP) and / or information about the (beam) footprints to be allocated to the GW or the base station and / or the sum of the EIRP of the entire satellite or HAPS or the footprints to be allocated to the GW or the base station or the total transmit power or energy and / or the number of footprints and / or the total number and / or list of GWs or base stations supported by the satellite and / or HAPS and / or cell DTX and / or DRX settings and / or power allocation profile settings configured for each base station or cell or footprint and / or information about the cells supported by each base station and / or configuration information and / or association / relationship information between the base station or cell and the footprint. For example, the base station may transmit all or part of the above information or information derivable therefrom back to the terminal (via satellite and / or HAPS).

[0126] For example, cell DTX and / or DRX configuration information may be configured per footprint and / or per beam group (e.g., TCI group, SSB index group, CSI-RS resource (set) index group), and / or may be extended to operate in such units. In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the extended cell DTX and / or DRX configuration information is named DL power allocation profile configuration information. For example, all or part of a DL signal or each reference value may be configured differently and / or independently for each DL power allocation profile.

[0127] For example, a base station may instruct / set a terminal to use periodic and / or aperiodic time periods (as active periods) through DL power allocation profile settings, and / or a first reference power may be used in the set time periods or active periods, and a second reference power may be used in other time periods.

[0128] For example, in an active period for a first DL power allocation profile configuration, a general third reference power may be expected / assumed to be used, and / or in an active period for a second power allocation profile configuration, a fourth reference power different from the third reference power (e.g., relatively small) may be expected / assumed to be used, or a specific offset value (e.g., a value set by RRC) may be expected to be applied (e.g., added and / or subtracted) from the third reference power. For example, a terminal may expect / assume that a reference power associated with a specific power allocation profile configuration is used in a period where active periods according to different power allocation profile configurations overlap.

[0129] Meanwhile, the transmit power of DL RS (which may include SSB) may be variable in the time domain. This may be the case in a non-terrestrial network environment where a single satellite has limited power available at the same time, to activate / maintain a wide range of (beam) footprints, either by limiting the transmit power for some footprints (including non-transmission) and / or by concentrating the transmit power for other footprints (increasing the transmit power).

[0130] Meanwhile, in the above situation, when the CSI-RS EPRE (energy per resource element) is derived based on the transmission power of the SSB in a situation where the transmission power of the SSB is variable, the accuracy of the (CSI and / or RRM) measurement value based on the CSI-RS may decrease as an incorrect value is assumed for the transmission power for the CSI-RS.

[0131] For example, the time resources of all or part of SSB and / or SIB (e.g., SIB1) transmitted per cell and / or per footprint and / or per beam group may be TDM'd with each other, and the serving cell may provide the UE with time difference information related thereto. For example, SFN0 (system frame number 0) or its start or end time may be TDM'd with each other with each cell and / or per footprint and / or per beam group, and the serving cell may provide the UE with time difference information related thereto. For example, the cells targeted by the above operation may be limited to cells associated with the same GW and / or base station and / or gNB. For example, the UE may perform measurements on neighboring cells based on SSB time resource information on the neighboring cells.

[0132] For example, the base station may indicate to the terminal at least information about the reference power for the reference signal through separate signaling (e.g., RRC and / or MAC CE and / or group-common DCI) at the time of and / or before sending the reference signal.

[0133] For example, the information about the reference power may be in the form of EPRE or TX power for the reference signal, and / or may be a value for the (reference) power of the SSB, and / or may be an offset value of the set reference power reference of the SSB.

[0134] For example, through the PBCH, whether the (actual) power value of the SSB corresponding to the PBCH is a set reference power value and / or whether a specific offset value is applied and / or the applied offset value can be indicated to the terminal.

[0135] For example, reference power information for aperiodic CSI-RS can be indicated to the terminal via DCI that triggers the aperiodic CSI-RS. For example, reference power values ​​can be set for each aperiodic CSI-RS triggering state via RRC.

[0136] For example, a terminal may be provided with power allocation profile settings for the serving cell and / or neighboring cells and / or cells supported by the same GW or base station as the serving cell.

[0137] For example, if a power value (e.g., a small value) different from the reference power set for the reference signal and / or derived based on the set value(s) is used as the actual power value and / or if the difference between the actual power value and the reference power exceeds a certain level (defined in advance or set by RRC), the base station may omit transmitting the reference signal to the terminal.

[0138] For example, in the case of SSB-based measurements, the terminal may use / consider the SSB-based measurement results only if the decoding of the PBCH corresponding to the SSB is successful (i.e., the CRC (cyclic redundancy check) check is passed). The above restriction may also be applied when the terminal performs measurements on neighboring cells.

[0139] For example, the candidate value of the reference power for the above reference signal and / or the candidate value of the reference power that is the subject of the measurement report may be indicated / set by RRC and / or MAC CE and / or (group-common) DCI. For example, information on the reference power value for the above reference signal may be included as part of the information when the terminal reports the measurement.

[0140] For example, the reference power for the DL reference signal may be determined based on the power value for the PRACH and / or Msg3 of the terminal and / or whether and how coverage enhancement is applied and / or the number of repetitions and / or resources. For example, the DL reference signal may correspond to the RAR PDCCH and / or PDSCH and / or DMRS for the PRACH and / or Msg4 PDCCH and / or PDSCH. For example, the DL reference signal may correspond to the Msg4 PDCCH and / or PDSCH for Msg3. For example, the DL reference signal may include the PDCCH and / or PDSCH and / or DMRS for the PDSCH EPRE used prior to RRC configuration for the PDSCH EPRE.

[0141] For example, the base station may distinguish PRACH resources by cell and / or by footprint and / or by beam group in TDM and / or FDM and / or CDM manner, and / or the base station may determine which cell and / or footprint and / or beam group is busy based on the resources that the terminal used for PRACH transmission. In the present disclosure, the cell and / or footprint and / or beam group may be referred to as a satellite beam. For example, the base station may distinguish / allocate resources for random access channel transmission by satellite beam. Here, for example, resources for random access channel transmission may be distinguished / allocated by satellite beam based on TDM and / or FDM and / or CDM manner. In this case, for example, the base station may determine a busy satellite beam and / or an idle satellite beam based on the resources that the terminal used for random access channel transmission.

[0142] For example, the EPRE value and / or the reference power value and / or the offset value relative to the reference power of the SSB for the CSI-RS transmission may be set differently and / or independently for each CSI reporting configuration and / or each CSI measurement configuration and / or each CSI resource (set) configuration. For example, the EPRE and / or the reference power value of an aperiodic CSI-RS may be indicated in the DCI that triggers the aperiodic CSI. Setting these differently for each CSI reporting configuration has the advantage of securing a lot of RS resources for a specific single reference power for a single CSI report. Setting these differently for each CSI resource (set) configuration may have the advantage of generating and reporting CSI for multiple reference powers with a single CSI report.

[0143] Meanwhile, in a situation where the reference power for CSI-RS may vary over time and / or the TX power for PDSCH may vary over time, the UE needs to determine CSI (e.g., RI (rank indicator), CQI (channel quality indicator)) based on various PDSCH reference powers. Meanwhile, the power of neighboring cells or neighboring footprints may also vary over time, and thus the interference level in the serving cell / footprint may also change. To this end, the cell DTX pattern and / or cell power reduction period pattern used in neighboring cells or equivalent information may be provided to the UE, so that the UE can measure and report CSI accordingly. Through this, the accuracy of CSI reporting can also be improved.

[0144] For example, a terminal may determine and report multiple CQIs, each of which may be associated with a different PDSCH reference power.

[0145] For example, multiple PDSCH reference powers for the CQI report may be indicated in the DCI requesting the CSI report and / or may be configured in the CSI report configuration.

[0146] For example, CSI measurements and / or CSI reporting and / or measurement reporting may be configured / instructed and performed (separately) for each combination of resource-related settings for channel measurements and resource-related settings for interference. The rationale for this is that the combination of EIRP and / or transmit power used by neighboring cells or footprints may differ for each time interval for interference measurements.

[0147] In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the terminal may perform measurements based on the received RS for time intervals with the same reference power, and / or generate and / or report the measurement results to the base station. Alternatively, the terminal may select PRACH resources and / or determine appropriate RX spatial settings and / or determine whether to declare an RLF based on the measurement results.

[0148] In an embodiment of the present disclosure, if it is determined that the reference power has changed, the terminal may reset L3-filtering for the received RS-based measurement.

[0149] For example, when determining the RLF, the terminal may determine it only based on a specific reference power (e.g., general high power or reduced power), and / or may determine it and report it to a higher layer based on each reference power, and / or may determine it and report it to a higher layer based on whether a coverage enhancement mode of a specific DL channel (e.g., PDCCH) is activated and its type / method (e.g., number of repetitions or amount of resources (for a single DCI format)). For example, when determining the RLF, the terminal may determine it and report it to a higher layer based on the maximum, minimum, or average value of the measurement value for each reference power, and / or may determine it and report it to a higher layer based on whether a coverage enhancement mode of a specific DL channel (e.g., PDCCH) is activated and its type / method (e.g., number of repetitions or amount of resources (for a single DCI format)).

[0150] For example, the reference power to be referred to in the RLF decision above may be determined based on the frequency or ratio of each reference power to be used in the future, etc., based on the DL power allocation profile set for the corresponding serving cell (e.g., the reference power with the highest usage ratio or whether normal reference power is expected to be used during a certain time period).

[0151] In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the terminal may apply a compensation value to the measurement results for RRM purposes and / or RLF purposes and / or CSI purposes as the reference power varies. For example, for a cell that assumes the first reference power as a default value or a typical value, when the terminal receives an RS transmitted based on the second reference power, the terminal may add and / or subtract a difference or difference value between the first reference power and the second reference power with respect to the RS-based measurement value or the desired signal power term.

[0152] For example, a UE that has camped on SSB can transmit a response signaling to the received SSB.

[0153] For example, the response signaling format may be (group-common) PRACH, and / or the resources for the same may be predefined and / or indicated by PBCH or MIB. For example, the TX beam or TX spatial setting for the response signal may be associated with the RX beam or RX spatial setting for the SSB corresponding to the response signal.

[0154] For example, the base station may enable or disable and / or determine / adjust the amount of SIB1 transmission and / or SIB1 repetition transmission based on a response to SSB, and / or the terminal may perform SIB1 and / or repetition reception operation (PDCCH monitoring and / or PDSCH reception) therefor after transmitting a response to SSB reception.

[0155] For example, a UE that receives a PDCCH for SIB1 and / or a PDCCH with CRC scramble with all or a subset of RNTIs (e.g., SI-RNTI) transmitted in Type0-CSS and / or CORESET 0 may transmit a response signaling for the received PDCCH to the base station.

[0156] For example, the above response signaling may be transmitted only when the UE fails to decode a PDSCH scheduled by the PDCCH.

[0157] For example, the response signaling may be in the form of PUCCH and / or HARQ-ACK feedback. For example, the response signaling may be in the form of PRACH and / or MsgA. This is because the terminal may not know the appropriate timing advance (TA) value before the initial access procedure.

[0158] For example, the base station can activate or deactivate or adjust the frequency of all or part of the SSB transmission and / or the SSB repeat transmission and / or the SIB (1) transmission and / or the SIB (1) repeat transmission (for each cell) based on the presence and / or change and / or amount of objects and / or (potential) UEs detected by the base station (e.g. via sensing). For example, if the UE receives / detects a signal related to sensing from the base station, the UE can omit the reception operation for all or part of the SSB transmission and / or the SSB repeat transmission and / or the SIB (1) transmission and / or the SIB (1) repeat transmission. For example, the omission operation can be activated or deactivated by the base station (via L1 and / or L2 and / or RRC signaling) on ​​a cell-by-cell basis and / or a footprint-by-footprint basis and / or a beam group-by-beam basis.

[0159] For example, the UE may report to the base station information about preferred and / or recommended DL traffic (e.g., DL traffic type, amount of DL traffic) and / or information about (peak or average) data rate.

[0160] For example, the base station may instruct / configure activation and / or deactivation information for a specific beam (group) to the terminal (via RRC signaling and / or MAC CE and / or L1 signaling (e.g., group-common DCI), and / or the terminal may omit PDCCH monitoring for a search space and / or CORESET corresponding to the beam (group) when the beam (group) associated with the terminal is deactivated. For example, the base station may omit all or part of DL channel transmission for a section in which the terminal is to omit PDCCH monitoring.

[0161] For example, the beam (group) associated with the terminal may be information about the footprint associated with the terminal, and / or may be a beam (group) to which an SSB (beam) index linked to a PRACH resource used by the terminal when accessing a cell belongs. For example, the base station may configure a single or multiple groups for the entire SSB (beam) index and instruct / configure the terminal. For example, the beam group may correspond to / be associated with the same footprint.

[0162] In embodiments of the present disclosure, the omission of PDCCH monitoring may be extended to omission of operations for CSI-RS reception and / or measurement, and / or S-SSB reception and / or measurement, and / or PDSCH reception scheduled by DCI, and / or SPS PDSCH reception.

[0163] Meanwhile, if the satellite's overall power is limited, this may need to be considered not only on the service link but also on the feeder link. For example, a satellite could transmit DL channels / signals to the UE over the service link while simultaneously transmitting UL channels / signals to the GW and / or base station over the feeder link.

[0164] For example, even for NR NTNs limited to frequency division duplex (FDD) operation, coordination of DL and UL intervals between footprints and / or between cells may be required, similar to time division duplex (TDD). For example, even for FDD carriers or operation, (separate) DL reception interval areas and / or UL transmission interval areas may be configured and / or indicated to NTN terminals. For example, in the above situation, DL reception operations and UL transmission operations may not occur simultaneously within the same terminal and / or between different terminals.

[0165] For example, UL transmission may be omitted or UL TX power may be reduced for DL ​​transmission at the satellite end. Conversely, DL transmission may be omitted or DL ​​TX power may be reduced for UL transmission at the satellite end. For example, regardless of the terminal's capabilities and / or for terminals without half-duplex restrictions, the terminal may perform half-duplex operation.

[0166] In embodiments of the present disclosure, the semi-duplex operation may include the following operations.

[0167] For example, a half-duplex (HD)-UE may not expect to detect a DCI format that schedules reception on a set of symbols and a DCI format that schedules transmission on any symbol in the set of symbols.

[0168] For example, if PDCCH reception by a terminal includes two PDCCH candidates, the end of the PDCCH candidate that is later among the two may be the end of the PDCCH reception.

[0169] For example, an HD-UE may not expect to detect a DCI format that schedules transmission on any symbol in the set of symbols and a dedicated higher layer parameter that configures reception on a set of symbols.

[0170] For example, reception of a higher layer configured PDCCH, PDSCH, CSI-RS, and / or DL ​​PRS in a set of symbols may be performed if a DCI format indicating PUSCH, PUCCH, PRACH, or SRS transmission is not detected for at least one symbol in the set of symbols.

[0171] For example, for PUCCH, PUSCH with higher layer configuration versus DCI format indicated CSI-RS, PDSCH, T from the last symbol of PDCCH reception for DCI format proc,2 If there is a first symbol of UL transmission within, the terminal may not cancel the UL transmission; otherwise, the terminal may cancel the UL transmission.

[0172] For example, for the upper layer configured SRS vs. DCI format indicated CSI-RS, PDSCH, T from the last symbol of PDCCH reception for the DCI format proc,2 SRS transmissions within this period may not be canceled, and SRS transmissions of the remaining remaining symbols may be canceled.

[0173] For example, T proc,2 is d 2,1 Assuming =1, it can be a PUSCH preparation time for UE processing capability 1, and μ can correspond to the SCS setting of the PDCCH carrying the DCI format and the smallest SCS setting among the SCS settings of the SRS, PUCCH, and PUSCH.

[0174] For example, simultaneous reception of dedicated upper layer parameters configuring a set of Type-0 / 0A / 1 / 2-PDCCH CSS sets and transmissions on a set of symbols may not be expected.

[0175] For example, in case of presence of SSBs indicated in DL BWP by higher layer configured PUSCH, PUCCH vs. NonCellDefiningSSB or by ServingCellConfigCommon or ssb-PositionInBurst in SIB1, PUSCH, PUCCH transmissions may be omitted if TX-RX switching time period is not guaranteed before the next earliest SSB, and / or PUSCH, PUCCH transmissions may be omitted if RX-TX switching time period is not guaranteed after the previous latest SSB.

[0176] For example, in the case of the presence of an SSB in a DL BWP indicated by a higher layer configured SRS vs. NonCellDefiningSSB or by ServingCellConfigCommon or by ssb-PositionInBurst in SIB1, the SRS of a symbol that is not before the TX-RX switching time period from the next earliest SSB may not be transmitted, and / or the SRS of a symbol that is not after the RX-TX switching time period from the previous latest SSB may not be transmitted.

[0177] For example, in case of presence of SSB in DL BWP indicated by NonCellDefiningSSB in PDCCH order based PRACH, PUSCH, PUCCH or ServingCellConfigCommon or ssb-PositionInBurst in SIB1, if any symbol of the symbol duration of SSB overlaps with UL transmission, the UL transmission may be omitted.

[0178] For example, in case of the presence of SSB in DL BWP indicated by SRS to NonCellDefiningSSB or by ServingCellConfigCommon or by ssb-PositionInBurst in SIB1, SRS may not be transmitted in the symbol duration of SSB.

[0179] For example, in case of reception of higher layer triggered PRACH or MsgA PUSCH versus PDCCH, PDSCH, CSI-RS, DL PRS, presence of SSB indicated by NonCellDefiningSSB or in ServingCellConfigCommon or in DL BWP by ssb-PositionInBurst in SIB1, if symbol duration overlaps, it may be UE implementation, and if TX-RX or RX-TX switching period is not guaranteed, it may be UE implementation.

[0180] For example, one can expect that DL signals within the same cell will not be FDM'd onto different beams. This can be extended to multiple cells, for example. For example, a terminal can skip other DL reception and / or UL transmission during a measurement gap.

[0181] For example, a terminal may omit measurement operations for all or part of a time interval for an SMTC (SSB measurement timing configuration) configured by a base station. For example, the terminal may receive from the base station information on whether to transmit SSB in a time interval for a specific SMTC and / or instructions on whether to omit measurement operations.

[0182] For example, a terminal may not expect to receive a DL signal / channel from a second cell during a time interval during which it receives a specific RS for purposes such as measurements on a first cell. In this case, the accuracy of measurement results for neighboring cells may be improved in situations where power at the satellite end is limited.

[0183] For example, a terminal may not expect to receive a specific RS for purposes such as measurement of a first cell during a time period in which it receives a DL signal / channel from a second cell. In this case, the throughput of the cell can be maximized in situations where power at the satellite end is limited.

[0184] For example, if the time interval for receiving a specific RS (e.g., SSB) for the purpose of measurement for the first cell and the time interval for receiving a DL signal / channel in the second cell overlap in whole or in part, the terminal may omit receiving the DL signal / channel in the second cell.

[0185] For example, if the time interval for receiving a specific RS (e.g., SSB) for the purpose of measurement for the first cell and the time interval for receiving a DL signal / channel in the second cell overlap in whole or in part, the terminal may omit the specific RS reception and / or measurement operation in the first cell.

[0186] For example, if a time interval for receiving a specific RS (e.g., SSB) for the purpose of measurement for a first cell and a time interval for receiving a DL signal / channel in a second cell overlap in whole or in part, the terminal may perform a DL reception operation and / or a measurement operation by assuming beam information (e.g., TCI information, RX spatial setting, etc.) associated with the specific RS for the first cell.

[0187] For example, if a time interval for receiving a specific RS (e.g., SSB) for the purpose of measurement for a first cell and a time interval for receiving a DL signal / channel in a second cell overlap in whole or in part, the terminal may perform a DL reception operation and / or a measurement operation by assuming beam information (e.g., TCI information, RX spatial setting, etc.) associated with the DL signal / channel for the second cell.

[0188] In embodiments of the present disclosure, the first and second cells may be limited to corresponding to different footprints or satellite beams. For example, activation / deactivation of the operation may vary for each cell combination and / or each beam combination, and / or may be independently set / instructed.

[0189] In embodiments of the present disclosure, the DL signal transmission resources for the first cell and the DL transmission resources for the second cell may overlap in the time and / or frequency domain. In embodiments of the present disclosure, the DL signal transmission resources for the first cell may overlap with the active DL BWP for the second cell.

[0190] In an embodiment of the present disclosure, whether a terminal performs measurements for a first cell or DL ​​reception for a second cell may be determined based on whether scheduling restrictions due to (RRM) measurements are available and / or the type of DL signal / channel received from the second cell. For example, if the scheduling restrictions are not available, the terminal may omit measurements for the first cell.

[0191] FIG. 11 illustrates a method for a device to perform wireless communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 11 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0192] Referring to FIG. 11, in step S1110, the device may obtain information related to at least one random access resource. In step S1120, the device may transmit a first random access channel to a base station based on a first random access resource set for a first satellite beam among the at least one random access resource. In step S1130, the device may receive a response to the first random access channel from the base station. For example, the random access resource may be set for each satellite beam.

[0193] For example, whether the first satellite beam is busy can be determined based on the first random access resource used for transmission of the first random access channel.

[0194] For example, among the at least one random access resource, the first random access resource associated with the first random access channel may be set for the first satellite beam, and the second random access resource associated with the second random access channel may be set for the second satellite beam.

[0195] For example, configuration information for discontinuous transmission or reception can be set per satellite beam.

[0196] For example, a radio link failure for a channel with coverage enhancement mode enabled and a radio link failure for a channel with coverage enhancement mode disabled can be independently detected. For example, a detection criterion related to a radio link failure for a channel with coverage enhancement mode enabled and a detection criterion related to a radio link failure for a channel with coverage enhancement mode disabled can be independently set. For example, a measurement related to a radio link failure for a channel with coverage enhancement mode enabled and a measurement related to a radio link failure for a channel with coverage enhancement mode disabled can be independently reported. For example, the channel can be a physical downlink control channel.

[0197] Additionally, for example, the device may receive activation information or deactivation information for the first satellite beam from the base station. For example, based on the deactivation information for the first satellite beam, control channel monitoring on resources associated with the first satellite beam may be omitted.

[0198] Additionally, for example, the device may receive a synchronization signal from the base station. Additionally, for example, the device may transmit a response to the synchronization signal to the base station via a third random access channel. For example, the third random access resource associated with the third random access channel may be configured in advance, or may be configured via a broadcast channel or a master information block.

[0199] For example, the transmission and reception with the base station may be performed via at least one of a satellite or a gateway.

[0200] The above proposed method can be applied to devices according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. First, the processor (102) of the device (100) can obtain information related to at least one random access resource. Then, the processor (102) of the device (100) can control the transceiver (106) to transmit a first random access channel to a base station based on a first random access resource set for a first satellite beam among the at least one random access resource. Then, the processor (102) of the device (100) can control the transceiver (106) to receive a response to the first random access channel from the base station. For example, the random access resource can be set for each satellite beam.

[0201] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a device may be provided. For example, the device may include at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, may cause the device to: obtain information related to at least one random access resource; transmit a first random access channel to a base station based on a first random access resource configured for a first satellite beam among the at least one random access resource; and receive a response to the first random access channel from the base station. For example, the random access resource may be configured for each satellite beam.

[0202] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a processing device configured to control a device may be provided. For example, the processing device may include at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, may cause the device to: obtain information related to at least one random access resource; transmit a first random access channel to a base station based on a first random access resource configured for a first satellite beam among the at least one random access resource; and receive a response to the first random access channel from the base station. For example, the random access resource may be configured for each satellite beam.

[0203] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having instructions recorded thereon may be provided. For example, the instructions, when executed, may cause a device to: obtain information related to at least one random access resource; transmit a first random access channel to a base station based on a first random access resource configured for a first satellite beam among the at least one random access resource; and receive a response to the first random access channel from the base station. For example, the random access resource may be configured for each satellite beam.

[0204] FIG. 12 illustrates a method for a base station to perform wireless communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 12 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0205] Referring to FIG. 12, in step S1210, the base station may receive a first random access channel from a device based on a first random access resource set for a first satellite beam among at least one random access resource. In step S1220, the base station may transmit a response for the first random access channel to the device. For example, the random access resource may be set for each satellite beam.

[0206] For example, whether the first satellite beam is busy can be determined based on the first random access resource used for receiving the first random access channel.

[0207] For example, among the at least one random access resource, the first random access resource associated with the first random access channel may be set for the first satellite beam, and the second random access resource associated with the second random access channel may be set for the second satellite beam.

[0208] For example, configuration information for discontinuous transmission or reception can be set per satellite beam.

[0209] For example, a radio link failure for a channel with coverage enhancement mode enabled and a radio link failure for a channel with coverage enhancement mode disabled can be independently detected. For example, a detection criterion related to a radio link failure for a channel with coverage enhancement mode enabled and a detection criterion related to a radio link failure for a channel with coverage enhancement mode disabled can be independently set. For example, a measurement related to a radio link failure for a channel with coverage enhancement mode enabled and a measurement related to a radio link failure for a channel with coverage enhancement mode disabled can be independently reported. For example, the channel can be a physical downlink control channel.

[0210] Additionally, for example, the base station may transmit activation information or deactivation information for the first satellite beam to the device. For example, based on the deactivation information for the first satellite beam, control channel monitoring on resources associated with the first satellite beam may be omitted.

[0211] Additionally, for example, the base station may transmit a synchronization signal to the device. Additionally, for example, the base station may receive a response to the synchronization signal from the device via a third random access channel. For example, the third random access resource associated with the third random access channel may be configured in advance, or may be configured via a broadcast channel or a master information block.

[0212] For example, the transmission and reception with the above device may be performed via at least one of a satellite or a gateway.

[0213] The above proposed method can be applied to devices according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. First, the processor (202) of the base station (200) can control the transceiver (206) to receive a first random access channel from the device based on a first random access resource set for a first satellite beam among at least one random access resource. Then, the processor (202) of the base station (200) can control the transceiver (206) to transmit a response to the first random access channel to the device. For example, the random access resource can be set for each satellite beam.

[0214] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a base station may be provided. For example, the base station may include at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, may cause the base station to: receive a first random access channel from a device based on a first random access resource configured for a first satellite beam among at least one random access resource; and transmit a response to the first random access channel to the device. For example, the random access resource may be configured for each satellite beam.

[0215] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a processing device configured to control a base station may be provided. For example, the processing device may include at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, may cause the base station to: receive a first random access channel from a device based on a first random access resource configured for a first satellite beam among at least one random access resource; and transmit a response to the first random access channel to the device. For example, the random access resource may be configured for each satellite beam.

[0216] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having instructions recorded thereon may be provided. For example, the instructions, when executed, may cause a base station to: receive a first random access channel from a device based on a first random access resource configured for a first satellite beam among at least one random access resource; and transmit a response to the first random access channel to the device. For example, the random access resource may be configured for each satellite beam.

[0217] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, patterns for discontinuous transmission and reception can be independently configured for each satellite beam, and / or resources for random access (e.g., PRACH resources, RAR resources, etc.) can be independently configured for each satellite beam. In this case, for example, a terminal can perform a random access procedure using resources for random access corresponding to its own satellite beam, and / or a base station can efficiently determine a busy beam or an idle beam based on the resources for random access. In addition, an RLF can be declared and / or its measurement can be reported depending on whether a coverage enhancement mode is applied. Therefore, a resource allocation procedure can be efficiently performed, and activation / deactivation of satellite beams can be efficiently managed.

[0218] The various embodiments of the present disclosure may be combined with each other.

[0219] Below, a description is given of devices to which various embodiments of the present disclosure can be applied.

[0220] Although not limited thereto, the various descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document may be applied to various fields requiring wireless communication / connectivity (e.g., 5G) between devices.

[0221] Hereinafter, more specific examples will be provided with reference to the drawings. In the drawings / descriptions below, the same drawing reference numerals may represent identical or corresponding hardware blocks, software blocks, or functional blocks, unless otherwise described.

[0222] FIG. 13 illustrates a communication system (1) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 13 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0223] Referring to FIG. 13, a communication system (1) to which various embodiments of the present disclosure are applied includes a wireless device, a base station, and a network. Here, the wireless device refers to a device that performs communication using a wireless access technology (e.g., 5G NR (New RAT), LTE (Long Term Evolution)) and may be referred to as a communication / wireless / 5G device. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device may include a robot (100a), a vehicle (100b-1, 100b-2), an XR (eXtended Reality) device (100c), a hand-held device (100d), a home appliance (100e), an IoT (Internet of Things) device (100f), and an AI device / server (400). For example, the vehicle may include a vehicle equipped with a wireless communication function, an autonomous vehicle, a vehicle capable of performing vehicle-to-vehicle communication, etc. Here, the vehicle may include an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) (e.g., a drone) and / or an Aerial Vehicle (AV) (e.g., an Advanced Air Mobility (AAM)). The XR device may include an Augmented Reality (AR) / Virtual Reality (VR) / Mixed Reality (MR) device, and may be implemented in the form of a Head-Mounted Device (HMD), a Head-Up Display (HUD) equipped in a vehicle, a television, a smartphone, a computer, a wearable device, a home appliance, a digital signage, a vehicle, a robot, etc. The portable device may include a smartphone, a smart pad, a wearable device (e.g., a smart watch, smart glasses), a computer (e.g., a laptop, etc.), etc. The home appliance may include a TV, a refrigerator, a washing machine, etc. The IoT device may include a sensor, a smart meter, etc. For example, a base station and a network may also be implemented as a wireless device, and a specific wireless device (200a) may operate as a base station / network node to other wireless devices.

[0224] Here, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of the present specification may include not only LTE, NR, and 6G, but also Narrowband Internet of Things for low-power communication. At this time, for example, NB-IoT technology may be an example of LPWAN (Low Power Wide Area Network) technology, and may be implemented with standards such as LTE Cat NB1 and / or LTE Cat NB2, and is not limited to the above-described names. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of the present specification may perform communication based on LTE-M technology. At this time, for example, LTE-M technology may be an example of LPWAN technology, and may be called by various names such as eMTC (enhanced Machine Type Communication). For example, LTE-M technology can be implemented by at least one of various standards such as 1) LTE CAT 0, 2) LTE Cat M1, 3) LTE Cat M2, 4) LTE non-BL (non-Bandwidth Limited), 5) LTE-MTC, 6) LTE Machine Type Communication, and / or 7) LTE M, and is not limited to the above-described names. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of the present specification can include at least one of ZigBee, Bluetooth, and Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) considering low-power communication, and is not limited to the above-described names. For example, ZigBee technology can create personal area networks (PAN) related to small / low-power digital communication based on various standards such as IEEE 802.15.4, and can be called by various names.

[0225] Wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to a network (300) via a base station (200). Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology can be applied to the wireless devices (100a to 100f), and the wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to an AI server (400) via the network (300). The network (300) can be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, a 5G (e.g., NR) network, etc. The wireless devices (100a to 100f) can communicate with each other via the base station (200) / network (300), but can also communicate directly (e.g., sidelink communication) without going through the base station / network. For example, vehicles (100b-1, 100b-2) can communicate directly (e.g., V2V (Vehicle to Vehicle) / V2X (Vehicle to Everything) communication). In addition, IoT devices (e.g., sensors) can communicate directly with other IoT devices (e.g., sensors) or other wireless devices (100a to 100f).

[0226] Wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can be established between wireless devices (100a~100f) / base stations (200), and base stations (200) / base stations (200). Here, wireless communication / connection can be achieved through various wireless access technologies (e.g., 5G NR) such as uplink / downlink communication (150a), sidelink communication (150b) (or, D2D communication), and communication between base stations (150c) (e.g., relay, IAB (Integrated Access Backhaul). Through wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c), wireless devices and base stations / wireless devices, and base stations and base stations can transmit / receive wireless signals to each other. For example, wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can transmit / receive signals through various physical channels. To this end, at least some of various configuration information setting processes for transmitting / receiving wireless signals, various signal processing processes (e.g., channel encoding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, resource mapping / demapping, etc.), and resource allocation processes can be performed based on various proposals of the present disclosure.

[0227] FIG. 14 illustrates a wireless device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 14 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0228] Referring to FIG. 14, the first wireless device (100) and the second wireless device (200) can transmit and receive wireless signals via various wireless access technologies (e.g., LTE, NR). Here, {the first wireless device (100), the second wireless device (200)} can correspond to {the wireless device (100x), the base station (200)} and / or {the wireless device (100x), the wireless device (100x)} of FIG. 13.

[0229] A first wireless device (100) includes one or more processors (102) and one or more memories (104), and may further include one or more transceivers (106) and / or one or more antennas (108). The processor (102) controls the memories (104) and / or the transceivers (106), and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. For example, the processor (102) may process information in the memory (104) to generate first information / signal, and then transmit a wireless signal including the first information / signal via the transceiver (106). Furthermore, the processor (102) may receive a wireless signal including second information / signal via the transceiver (106), and then store information obtained from signal processing of the second information / signal in the memory (104). The memory (104) may be connected to the processor (102) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (102). For example, the memory (104) may perform some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (102), or may store software code including commands for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. Here, the processor (102) and the memory (104) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement a wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). The transceiver (106) may be connected to the processor (102) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals via one or more antennas (108). The transceiver (106) may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver (106) may be used interchangeably with an RF (Radio Frequency) unit. In the present disclosure, a wireless device may also mean a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0230] A second wireless device (200) includes one or more processors (202), one or more memories (204), and may further include one or more transceivers (206) and / or one or more antennas (208). The processor (202) controls the memories (204) and / or the transceivers (206), and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. For example, the processor (202) may process information in the memory (204) to generate third information / signals, and then transmit a wireless signal including the third information / signals via the transceivers (206). In addition, the processor (202) may receive a wireless signal including fourth information / signals via the transceivers (206), and then store information obtained from signal processing of the fourth information / signals in the memory (204). The memory (204) may be connected to the processor (202) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (202). For example, the memory (204) may perform some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (202), or may store software code including commands for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. Here, the processor (202) and the memory (204) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). The transceiver (206) may be connected to the processor (202) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals via one or more antennas (208). The transceiver (206) may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver (206) may be used interchangeably with an RF unit. In the present disclosure, a wireless device may also mean a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0231] Hereinafter, the hardware elements of the wireless device (100, 200) will be described in more detail. Although not limited thereto, one or more protocol layers may be implemented by one or more processors (102, 202). For example, one or more processors (102, 202) may implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, RRC, SDAP). One or more processors (102, 202) may generate one or more Protocol Data Units (PDUs) and / or one or more Service Data Units (SDUs) according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. One or more processors (102, 202) may generate messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. One or more processors (102, 202) can generate signals (e.g., baseband signals) including PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data or information according to the functions, procedures, proposals and / or methods disclosed herein, and provide the signals to one or more transceivers (106, 206). One or more processors (102, 202) can receive signals (e.g., baseband signals) from one or more transceivers (106, 206) and obtain PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein.

[0232] One or more processors (102, 202) may be referred to as a controller, a microcontroller, a microprocessor, or a microcomputer. One or more processors (102, 202) may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. For example, one or more Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), one or more Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), one or more Digital Signal Processing Devices (DSPDs), one or more Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs), or one or more Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) may be included in one or more processors (102, 202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software, and the firmware or software may be implemented to include modules, procedures, functions, etc. The descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software configured to perform one or more processors (102, 202) or stored in one or more memories (104, 204) and executed by one or more processors (102, 202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software in the form of codes, instructions and / or sets of instructions.

[0233] One or more memories (104, 204) may be coupled to one or more processors (102, 202) and may store various forms of data, signals, messages, information, programs, codes, instructions, and / or commands. The one or more memories (104, 204) may be configured as ROM, RAM, EPROM, flash memory, hard drives, registers, cache memory, computer-readable storage media, and / or combinations thereof. The one or more memories (104, 204) may be located internally and / or externally to the one or more processors (102, 202). Additionally, the one or more memories (104, 204) may be coupled to the one or more processors (102, 202) via various technologies, such as wired or wireless connections.

[0234] One or more transceivers (106, 206) can transmit user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as mentioned in the methods and / or flowcharts of this document, to one or more other devices. One or more transceivers (106, 206) can receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or flowcharts of this document, from one or more other devices. For example, one or more transceivers (106, 206) can be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) and can transmit and receive wireless signals. For example, one or more processors (102, 202) can control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to transmit user data, control information, or wireless signals to one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more processors (102, 202) may control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to receive user data, control information, or wireless signals from one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be coupled to one or more antennas (108, 208), and one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, or the like, as referred to in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein, via one or more antennas (108, 208). In this document, one or more antennas may be multiple physical antennas or multiple logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). One or more transceivers (106, 206) can convert received user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. from RF band signals to baseband signals in order to process the received user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. using one or more processors (102, 202).One or more transceivers (106, 206) may convert user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. processed by one or more processors (102, 202) from baseband signals to RF band signals. For this purpose, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may include an (analog) oscillator and / or filter.

[0235] FIG. 15 illustrates a signal processing circuit for a transmission signal according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 15 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0236] Referring to FIG. 15, the signal processing circuit (1000) may include a scrambler (1010), a modulator (1020), a layer mapper (1030), a precoder (1040), a resource mapper (1050), and a signal generator (1060). Although not limited thereto, the operations / functions of FIG. 15 may be performed in the processor (102, 202) and / or the transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 14. The hardware elements of FIG. 15 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) and / or the transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 14. For example, blocks 1010 to 1060 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) of FIG. 14. Additionally, blocks 1010 to 1050 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) of FIG. 14, and block 1060 may be implemented in the transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 14.

[0237] The codeword can be converted into a wireless signal through the signal processing circuit (1000) of FIG. 15. Here, the codeword is an encoded bit sequence of an information block. The information block can include a transport block (e.g., an UL-SCH transport block, a DL-SCH transport block). The wireless signal can be transmitted through various physical channels (e.g., a PUSCH or a PDSCH).

[0238] Specifically, the codeword can be converted into a bit sequence scrambled by a scrambler (1010). The scramble sequence used for scrambling is generated based on an initialization value, and the initialization value may include ID information of the wireless device, etc. The scrambled bit sequence can be modulated into a modulation symbol sequence by a modulator (1020). The modulation method may include pi / 2-BPSK (pi / 2-Binary Phase Shift Keying), m-PSK (m-Phase Shift Keying), m-QAM (m-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation), etc. The complex modulation symbol sequence can be mapped to one or more transmission layers by a layer mapper (1030). The modulation symbols of each transmission layer can be mapped to the corresponding antenna port(s) by a precoder (1040) (precoding). The output z of the precoder (1040) can be obtained by multiplying the output y of the layer mapper (1030) by a precoding matrix W of N*M. Here, N is the number of antenna ports, and M is the number of transmission layers. Here, the precoder (1040) can perform precoding after performing transform precoding (e.g., DFT transform) on complex modulation symbols. In addition, the precoder (1040) can perform precoding without performing transform precoding.

[0239] The resource mapper (1050) can map modulation symbols of each antenna port to time-frequency resources. The time-frequency resources can include multiple symbols (e.g., CP-OFDMA symbols, DFT-s-OFDMA symbols) in the time domain and multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. The signal generator (1060) generates a wireless signal from the mapped modulation symbols, and the generated wireless signal can be transmitted to another device through each antenna. To this end, the signal generator (1060) can include an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) module, a Cyclic Prefix (CP) inserter, a Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC), a frequency uplink converter, etc.

[0240] The signal processing process for receiving signals in a wireless device can be configured in reverse order of the signal processing process (1010 to 1060) of FIG. 15. For example, a wireless device (e.g., 100, 200 of FIG. 14) can receive wireless signals from the outside through an antenna port / transceiver. The received wireless signals can be converted into baseband signals through a signal restorer. For this purpose, the signal restorer can include a frequency downlink converter, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), a CP remover, and a fast Fourier transform (FFT) module. Thereafter, the baseband signal can be restored to a codeword through a resource demapper process, a postcoding process, a demodulation process, and a descrambling process. The codewords can be restored to the original information blocks through decoding. Accordingly, a signal processing circuit (not shown) for a received signal may include a signal restorer, a resource de-mapper, a postcoder, a demodulator, a de-scrambler, and a decoder.

[0241] Figure 16 illustrates a wireless device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The wireless device may be implemented in various forms depending on the use case / service (see Figure 13). The embodiment of Figure 16 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0242] Referring to FIG. 16, the wireless device (100, 200) corresponds to the wireless device (100, 200) of FIG. 14 and may be composed of various elements, components, units / units, and / or modules. For example, the wireless device (100, 200) may include a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a memory unit (130), and an additional element (140). The communication unit may include a communication circuit (112) and a transceiver(s) (114). For example, the communication circuit (112) may include one or more processors (102, 202) and / or one or more memories (104, 204) of FIG. 14. For example, the transceiver(s) (114) may include one or more transceivers (106, 206) and / or one or more antennas (108, 208) of FIG. 14. The control unit (120) is electrically connected to the communication unit (110), the memory unit (130), and the additional elements (140) and controls the overall operation of the wireless device. For example, the control unit (120) may control the electrical / mechanical operation of the wireless device based on the program / code / command / information stored in the memory unit (130). In addition, the control unit (120) may transmit information stored in the memory unit (130) to an external device (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless / wired interface through the communication unit (110), or store information received from an external device (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless / wired interface in the memory unit (130).

[0243] The additional element (140) may be configured in various ways depending on the type of the wireless device. For example, the additional element (140) may include at least one of a power unit / battery, an input / output unit (I / O unit), a driving unit, and a computing unit. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device may be implemented in the form of a robot (Fig. 13, 100a), a vehicle (Fig. 13, 100b-1, 100b-2), an XR device (Fig. 13, 100c), a portable device (Fig. 13, 100d), a home appliance (Fig. 13, 100e), an IoT device (Fig. 13, 100f), a digital broadcasting terminal, a hologram device, a public safety device, an MTC device, a medical device, a fintech device (or a financial device), a security device, a climate / environmental device, an AI server / device (Fig. 13, 400), a base station (Fig. 13, 200), a network node, etc. Wireless devices may be mobile or stationary depending on the use / service.

[0244] In FIG. 16, various elements, components, units / parts, and / or modules within the wireless device (100, 200) may be entirely interconnected via a wired interface, or at least some may be wirelessly connected via a communication unit (110). For example, within the wireless device (100, 200), the control unit (120) and the communication unit (110) may be wired, and the control unit (120) and the first unit (e.g., 130, 140) may be wirelessly connected via the communication unit (110). In addition, each element, component, unit / part, and / or module within the wireless device (100, 200) may further include one or more elements. For example, the control unit (120) may be composed of one or more processor sets. For example, the control unit (120) may be composed of a set of a communication control processor, an application processor, an electronic control unit (ECU), a graphics processing processor, a memory control processor, etc. As another example, the memory unit (130) may be composed of a random access memory (RAM), a dynamic RAM (DRAM), a read only memory (ROM), a flash memory, a volatile memory, a non-volatile memory, and / or a combination thereof.

[0245] Below, the implementation example of Fig. 16 is described in more detail with reference to the drawings.

[0246] FIG. 17 illustrates a mobile device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The mobile device may include a smartphone, a smart pad, a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch, smartglasses), or a portable computer (e.g., a laptop, etc.). The mobile device may be referred to as a Mobile Station (MS), a User Terminal (UT), a Mobile Subscriber Station (MSS), a Subscriber Station (SS), an Advanced Mobile Station (AMS), or a Wireless Terminal (WT). The embodiment of FIG. 17 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0247] Referring to FIG. 17, the portable device (100) may include an antenna unit (108), a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a memory unit (130), a power supply unit (140a), an interface unit (140b), and an input / output unit (140c). The antenna unit (108) may be configured as a part of the communication unit (110). Blocks 110 to 130 / 140a to 140c correspond to blocks 110 to 130 / 140 of FIG. 16, respectively.

[0248] The communication unit (110) can transmit and receive signals (e.g., data, control signals, etc.) with other wireless devices and base stations. The control unit (120) can control components of the mobile device (100) to perform various operations. The control unit (120) can include an AP (Application Processor). The memory unit (130) can store data / parameters / programs / codes / commands required for operating the mobile device (100). In addition, the memory unit (130) can store input / output data / information, etc. The power supply unit (140a) supplies power to the mobile device (100) and can include a wired / wireless charging circuit, a battery, etc. The interface unit (140b) can support connection between the mobile device (100) and other external devices. The interface unit (140b) can include various ports (e.g., audio input / output ports, video input / output ports) for connection with external devices. The input / output unit (140c) can input or output video information / signals, audio information / signals, data, and / or information input from a user. The input / output unit (140c) may include a camera, a microphone, a user input unit, a display unit (140d), a speaker, and / or a haptic module.

[0249] For example, in the case of data communication, the input / output unit (140c) obtains information / signals (e.g., touch, text, voice, image, video) input by the user, and the obtained information / signals can be stored in the memory unit (130). The communication unit (110) converts the information / signals stored in the memory into wireless signals, and can directly transmit the converted wireless signals to other wireless devices or to a base station. In addition, the communication unit (110) can receive wireless signals from other wireless devices or base stations, and then restore the received wireless signals to the original information / signals. The restored information / signals can be stored in the memory unit (130) and then output in various forms (e.g., text, voice, image, video, haptic) through the input / output unit (140c).

[0250] FIG. 18 illustrates a vehicle or autonomous vehicle according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The vehicle or autonomous vehicle may be implemented as a mobile robot, a car, a train, a manned or unmanned aerial vehicle (AV), a ship, or the like. The embodiment of FIG. 18 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0251] Referring to FIG. 18, a vehicle or autonomous vehicle (100) may include an antenna unit (108), a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a driving unit (140a), a power supply unit (140b), a sensor unit (140c), and an autonomous driving unit (140d). The antenna unit (108) may be configured as a part of the communication unit (110). Blocks 110 / 130 / 140a to 140d correspond to blocks 110 / 130 / 140 of FIG. 16, respectively.

[0252] The communication unit (110) can transmit and receive signals (e.g., data, control signals, etc.) with external devices such as other vehicles, base stations (e.g., base stations, road side units, etc.), and servers. The control unit (120) can control elements of the vehicle or autonomous vehicle (100) to perform various operations. The control unit (120) can include an ECU (Electronic Control Unit). The drive unit (140a) can drive the vehicle or autonomous vehicle (100) on the ground. The drive unit (140a) can include an engine, a motor, a power train, wheels, brakes, a steering device, etc. The power supply unit (140b) supplies power to the vehicle or autonomous vehicle (100) and can include a wired / wireless charging circuit, a battery, etc. The sensor unit (140c) can obtain vehicle status, surrounding environment information, user information, etc. The sensor unit (140c) may include an IMU (inertial measurement unit) sensor, a collision sensor, a wheel sensor, a speed sensor, an incline sensor, a weight detection sensor, a heading sensor, a position module, a vehicle forward / backward sensor, a battery sensor, a fuel sensor, a tire sensor, a steering sensor, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, an illuminance sensor, a pedal position sensor, etc. The autonomous driving unit (140d) may implement a technology for maintaining a driving lane, a technology for automatically controlling speed such as adaptive cruise control, a technology for automatically driving along a set path, a technology for automatically setting a path and driving when a destination is set, etc.

[0253] For example, the communication unit (110) can receive map data, traffic information data, etc. from an external server. The autonomous driving unit (140d) can generate an autonomous driving route and driving plan based on the acquired data. The control unit (120) can control the drive unit (140a) so that the vehicle or autonomous vehicle (100) moves along the autonomous driving route according to the driving plan (e.g., speed / direction control). During autonomous driving, the communication unit (110) can irregularly / periodically acquire the latest traffic information data from an external server and can acquire surrounding traffic information data from surrounding vehicles. In addition, during autonomous driving, the sensor unit (140c) can acquire vehicle status and surrounding environment information. The autonomous driving unit (140d) can update the autonomous driving route and driving plan based on newly acquired data / information. The communication unit (110) can transmit information regarding the vehicle location, autonomous driving route, driving plan, etc. to the external server. External servers can predict traffic information data in advance using AI technology or other technologies based on information collected from vehicles or autonomous vehicles, and provide the predicted traffic information data to the vehicles or autonomous vehicles.

[0254] The claims set forth in this specification may be combined in various ways. For example, the technical features of the method claims of this specification may be combined and implemented as a device, and the technical features of the device claims of this specification may be combined and implemented as a method. Furthermore, the technical features of the method claims and the technical features of the device claims of this specification may be combined and implemented as a device, and the technical features of the method claims and the technical features of the device claims of this specification may be combined and implemented as a method.

Claims

1. In the method, A step of obtaining information related to at least one random access resource; A step of transmitting a first random access channel to a base station based on a first random access resource set for a first satellite beam among at least one random access resource; and A step of receiving a response to the first random access channel from the base station; A method in which random access resources are set per satellite beam.

2. In paragraph 1, A method wherein whether the first satellite beam is busy is determined based on the first random access resource used for transmission of the first random access channel.

3. In paragraph 1, A method wherein, among the at least one random access resource, the first random access resource associated with the first random access channel is set for the first satellite beam, and the second random access resource associated with the second random access channel is set for the second satellite beam.

4. In paragraph 1, A method in which configuration information for discontinuous transmission or reception is set for each satellite beam.

5. In paragraph 1, A method in which wireless link failures for channels with coverage enhancement mode enabled and wireless link failures for channels with coverage enhancement mode disabled are independently detected.

6. In paragraph 5, A method wherein the detection criteria related to the wireless link failure for a channel in which the coverage enhancement mode is activated and the detection criteria related to the wireless link failure for a channel in which the coverage enhancement mode is deactivated are independently set.

7. In paragraph 5, A method wherein measurements related to the wireless link failure for a channel with the coverage enhancement mode enabled and measurements related to the wireless link failure for a channel with the coverage enhancement mode disabled are reported independently.

8. In paragraph 5, A method wherein the above channel is a physical downlink control channel.

9. In paragraph 1, A method further comprising: receiving activation information or deactivation information for the first satellite beam from the base station.

10. In paragraph 9, A method wherein, based on the deactivation information for the first satellite beam, control channel monitoring on resources associated with the first satellite beam is omitted.

11. In paragraph 1, A step of receiving a synchronization signal from the base station; and A method further comprising the step of transmitting a response to the synchronization signal to the base station via a third random access channel.

12. In paragraph 11, A method wherein the third random access resource associated with the third random access channel is set in advance or set through a broadcast channel or a master information block.

13. In paragraph 1, A method in which transmission and reception with the above base station are performed through at least one of a satellite or a gateway.

14. In the device, At least one transmitter / receiver; at least one processor; and At least one memory connected to said at least one processor and storing instructions, said instructions being executed by said at least one processor, wherein said device causes: Obtain information related to at least one random access resource; Transmitting a first random access channel to a base station based on a first random access resource set for a first satellite beam among at least one random access resource; and To receive a response to the first random access channel from the base station, Random access resources are set per satellite beam, device.

15. In a processing device set to control a device, at least one processor; and At least one memory connected to said at least one processor and storing instructions, said instructions being executed by said at least one processor, wherein said device causes: Obtain information related to at least one random access resource; Transmitting a first random access channel to a base station based on a first random access resource set for a first satellite beam among at least one random access resource; and To receive a response to the first random access channel from the base station, Random access resources are processing devices that are set per satellite beam.

16. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that records commands, The above commands, when executed, cause the device to: Obtain information related to at least one random access resource; Transmitting a first random access channel to a base station based on a first random access resource set for a first satellite beam among at least one random access resource; and To receive a response to the first random access channel from the base station, Random access resources are non-transitory computer-readable storage media that are set up per satellite beam.

17. In the method, A step of receiving a first random access channel from a device based on a first random access resource set for a first satellite beam among at least one random access resource; and A step of transmitting a response to the first random access channel to the device; A method in which random access resources are set per satellite beam.

18. At the base station, At least one transmitter / receiver; at least one processor; and At least one memory connected to said at least one processor and storing instructions, said instructions being executed by said at least one processor, wherein said base station: Receiving a first random access channel from the device based on a first random access resource set for a first satellite beam among at least one random access resource; and To transmit a response to the first random access channel to the device, Random access resources are set per satellite beam, base station.

19. In a processing device set to control a base station, at least one processor; and At least one memory connected to said at least one processor and storing instructions, said instructions being executed by said at least one processor, wherein said base station: Receiving a first random access channel from the device based on a first random access resource set for a first satellite beam among at least one random access resource; and To transmit a response to the first random access channel to the device, Random access resources are processing devices that are set per satellite beam.

20. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that records commands, The above commands, when executed, cause the base station to: Receiving a first random access channel from the device based on a first random access resource set for a first satellite beam among at least one random access resource; and To transmit a response to the first random access channel to the device, Random access resources are non-transitory computer-readable storage media that are set up per satellite beam.

Images