Artificial intelligence based positioning in wireless communication systems
AI/ML-based positioning enhances wireless communication systems by implementing direct and assisted AI/ML models for UE and RAN to improve location accuracy through advanced channel measurements.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/074799
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-01-30
- Publication Date
- 2025-08-07
AI Technical Summary
Existing wireless communication systems face challenges in accurately determining the location of User Equipment (UE) due to limitations in traditional positioning methods, which can be enhanced through the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) based positioning techniques.
Implementing AI/ML-based positioning models in UE-based and RAN-assisted positioning, utilizing direct and assisted AI/ML positioning methods, where UE and RAN perform location computation and measurements with AI/ML models, enhancing accuracy by leveraging channel observations and measurements like CIR and RSRP.
Improves positioning accuracy by enabling UE and RAN to utilize AI/ML models for precise location determination, overcoming limitations of traditional methods.
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Figure CN2024074799_07082025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE BASED POSITIONING IN WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMSTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The disclosure relates generally to wireless communications and, more particularly, to Artificial Intelligence (AI) or Machine Learning (ML) based positioning in wireless communication systems.BACKGROUND
[0002] In User Equipment (UE) -based positioning, a location of the UE is determined by the UE itself. In Radio Access Network (RAN) -based positioning, a location of a UE can be determined by the RAN.SUMMARY
[0003] The example arrangements disclosed herein are directed to solving the issues relating to one or more of the problems presented in the prior art, as well as providing additional features that will become readily apparent by reference to the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the accompany drawings. In accordance with various arrangements, example systems, methods, devices and computer program products are disclosed herein. It is understood, however, that these arrangements are presented by way of example and are not limiting, and it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art who read the present disclosure that various modifications to the disclosed arrangements can be made while remaining within the scope of this disclosure.
[0004] The arrangements disclosed herein relate to systems, apparatuses, non-transitory computer-readable media, and methods for receiving, by a core network from a User Equipment (UE) , Artificial Intelligence (AI) positioning capabilities of the UE. The AI positioning capabilities includes at least one of an indication of whether the UE supports AI-based positioning, an identifier (ID) of AI analytics type supported by the UE, or an ID of each of at least one AI model in or supported by the UE. The core network sends to the UE AI positioning model information.
[0005] The arrangements disclosed herein relate to systems, apparatuses, non-transitory computer-readable media, and methods for sending, by a UE to a core network , Artificial Intelligence (AI) positioning capabilities of the UE. The AI positioning capabilities includes at least one of an indication of whether the UE supports AI-based positioning, an identifier (ID) of AI analytics type supported an AI model selected by the UE, or an ID of each of at least one AI model in or supported by the UE. The UE receives from the core network AI positioning model information.
[0006] The arrangements disclosed herein relate to systems, apparatuses, non-transitory computer-readable media, and methods for registering, by a first network function of a core network with a second network function of the core network, Artificial Intelligence (AI) positioning capabilities of the first network function. The AI positioning capabilities includes at least one of an indication of whether the first network function supports AI- based positioning or an identifier (ID) of an AI analytics type supported by the first network function. The core network selects the first network function based on the AI positioning capabilities of the first network function.
[0007] The above and other aspects and their implementations are described in greater detail in the drawings, the descriptions, and the claims.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0008] Various example arrangements of the present solution are described in detail below with reference to the following figures or drawings. The drawings are provided for purposes of illustration only and merely depict example arrangements of the present solution to facilitate the reader's understanding of the present solution. Therefore, the drawings should not be considered limiting of the breadth, scope, or applicability of the present solution. It should be noted that for clarity and ease of illustration, these drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale.
[0009] FIG. 1 illustrates an example wireless communication system, according to some arrangements.
[0010] FIG. 2 illustrates block diagrams of an example base station and an example UE device, according to some arrangements.
[0011] FIG. 3 illustrates an example system configured to implement positioning of a UE, according to various arrangements.
[0012] FIG. 4 is a method for determining a position of a UE, according to various arrangements.
[0013] FIG. 5 is a method for determining a position of a UE, according to various arrangements.
[0014] FIG. 6 is a method for determining a position of a UE, according to various arrangements.
[0015] FIG. 7 is a method for determining a position of a UE, according to various arrangements.
[0016] FIG. 8 is a method for an LMF to request an AI model for positioning, according to various arrangements.
[0017] FIG. 9 is a method for determining a position of a UE, according to various arrangements.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0018] Various example arrangements of the present solution are described below with reference to the accompanying figures to enable a person of ordinary skill in the art to make and use the present solution. As would be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art, after reading the present disclosure, various changes or modifications to the examples described herein can be made without departing from the scope of the present solution. Thus, the present solution is not limited to the example arrangements and applications described and illustrated herein. Additionally, the specific order or hierarchy of steps in the methods disclosed herein are merely example approaches. Based upon design preferences, the specific order or hierarchy of steps of the disclosed methods or processes can be re-arranged while remaining within the scope of the present solution. Thus, those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that the methods and techniques disclosed herein present various steps or acts in a sample order, and the present solution is not limited to the specific order or hierarchy presented unless expressly stated otherwise.
[0019] In order to improve positioning accuracy of wireless communication systems, AI-based or ML-based positioning can be implemented. Types of AI / ML positioning models (e.g., analytics) include direct AI / ML positioning and AI / ML-assisted positioning. In direct AI / ML positioning, the output includes the location of a wireless communication device (e.g., a UE) , meaning that the direct AI / ML positioning can directly output the location. The input to direct AI / ML positioning includes fingerprinting based on channel observation as the input of AI / ML model and the details of channel observation such as interference, error rate, and signal strength measurements (e.g., Channel Impulse Response (CIR) , Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) , and other types of channel observation) . In AI / ML assisted positioning, the output includes new measurement and / or enhancement of existing measurements based on input such as Line Of Sight (LOS) or Non-LOS (NLOS) identification, timing or angle of measurement, likelihood of measurement, and the details of channel observation (e.g. CIR, RSRP, and other types of channel observation) .
[0020] In some implementations, AI / ML-based positioning is supported in UE-based positioning (UE performing location computation with UE-side model, direct AI / ML positioning) , UE-assisted positioning (UE performing positioning measurements with UE-side model, AI / ML assisted positioning) , UE-assisted positioning (Location Management Function (LMF) performing location computation with LMF-side model, direct AI / ML positioning) , RAN-assisted positioning (RAN performing positioning measurements with RAN-side model AI / ML assisted positioning) , RAN-assisted positioning (LMF performing location computation with LMF-side model, direct AI / ML positioning) .
[0021] The arrangements disclosed herein relate to systems, apparatuses, methods, and non-transitory computer-readable media for UE-based / UE-assisted positioning procedure, including enabling the UE to determine whether UE-side AI model is to be used instead of traditional positioning method and the entity making the determination.
[0022] FIG. 1 illustrates an example wireless communication system 100 in which techniques disclosed herein may be implemented, in accordance with an implementation of the present disclosure. In the following discussion, the wireless communication system 100 can implement any wireless network, such as a cellular network or a narrowband Internet of things (NB-IoT) network, and is herein referred to as system 100. Such an example system 100 includes a base station (BS) 102 and a UE 104 that can communicate with each other via a communication link 110 (e.g., a wireless communication channel) , and a cluster of cells 126, 130, 132, 134, 136, 138 and 140 overlaying a geographical area 101. In FIG. 1, the BS 102 and UE 104 are located within a respective geographic boundary of cell 126. Each of the other cells 130, 132, 134, 136, 138 and 140 may include at least one BS operating at its allocated bandwidth to provide adequate radio coverage to its intended users.
[0023] For example, the BS 102 may operate at an allocated channel transmission bandwidth to provide adequate coverage to the UE 104. The BS 102 and the UE 104 may communicate via a Downlink (DL) radio frame 118, and an uplink (UL) radio frame 124 respectively. That is, the BS 102 can send data, messages, signals, and information to the UE 104 using the DL radio frame 118, and the UE 104 can send data, messages, signals, and information to the BS 102 using the UL radio frame 124 Each radio frame 118 or 124 can be further divided into a sub-frame 120 or 127. Each sub-frame can include one or more slots. Each sub-frame or slot can include one or more data symbols 122 or 128. In the present disclosure, the BS 102 and UE 104 are described herein as non-limiting examples of communication nodes, which can generally practice the methods disclosed herein. Such communication nodes may be capable of wireless communications, in accordance with various implementations of the present solution. In some implementations, the wireless communication system 100 may support Multiple-Input, Multiple-Output MIMO communication. MIMO may be functional in both Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) and Time Division Duplex (TDD) systems, among others.
[0024] FIG. 2 illustrates a block diagram of an example wireless communication system 200 for transmitting and receiving wireless communication signals, according to various arrangements. The system 200 may include components and elements configured to support known or conventional operating features that need not be described in detail herein. In one illustrative implementation, system 200 can be used to communicate (e.g., transmit and receive) data symbols in a wireless communication environment such as the wireless communication system 100 of FIG. 1, as described above.
[0025] System 200 generally includes a BS 202 and a UE 204. The BS 202 is an example of the BS 102. The UE 204 is an example of the UE 104. The BS 202 includes a BS transceiver module 210, a BS antenna 212, a BS processor module 214, a BS memory module 216, and a network communication module 218, each module being coupled and interconnected with one another as necessary via a data communication bus 220. The UE 204 includes a UE transceiver module 230, a UE antenna 232, a UE memory module 234, and a UE processor module 236, each module being coupled and interconnected with one another as necessary via a data communication bus 240. The BS 202 communicates with the UE 204 via a communication channel 250, which can be any wireless channel or other medium suitable for transmission of data as described herein.
[0026] The system 200 may further include any number of modules other than the modules shown in FIG. 2. Those skilled in the art will understand that the various illustrative blocks, modules, circuits, and processing logic described in connection with the implementations disclosed herein may be implemented in hardware, computer-readable software, firmware, or any practical combination thereof. To clearly illustrate this interchangeability and compatibility of hardware, firmware, and software, various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits, and steps are described generally in terms of their functionality. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware, firmware, or software can depend upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system. Those familiar with the concepts described herein may implement such functionality in a suitable manner for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as limiting the scope of the present disclosure.
[0027] In accordance with some implementations, the UE transceiver 230 may be referred to herein as a UL transceiver 230 that includes a Radio Frequency (RF) transmitter and a RF receiver each including circuitry that is coupled to the antenna 232. A duplex switch (not shown) may alternatively couple the UL transmitter or receiver to the UL antenna in time duplex fashion. Similarly, in accordance with some implementations, the BS transceiver 210 may be referred to herein as a downlink (DL) transceiver 210 that includes a RF transmitter and a RF receiver each including circuity that is coupled to the antenna 212. A DL duplex switch may alternatively couple the DL transmitter or receiver to the DL antenna 212 in time duplex fashion. The operations of the two transceiver modules 210 and 230 can be coordinated in time such that the UL receiver circuitry is coupled to the UL antenna 232 for reception of transmissions over the wireless transmission link 250 at the same time that the DL transmitter is coupled to the DL antenna 212. In some implementations, there is close time synchronization with a minimal guard time between changes in duplex direction.
[0028] The UE transceiver 230 and the BS transceiver 210 are configured to communicate via the wireless data communication link 250, and cooperate with a suitably configured RF antenna arrangement 212 / 232 that can support a particular wireless communication protocol and modulation scheme. In some illustrative implementations, the UE transceiver 210 and the BS transceiver 210 are configured to support industry standards such as the Long Term Evolution (LTE) and emerging 5G and 6G standards, and the like. It is understood, however, that the present disclosure is not necessarily limited in application to a particular standard and associated protocols. Rather, the UE transceiver 230 and the BS transceiver 210 may be configured to support alternate, or additional, wireless data communication protocols, including future standards or variations thereof.
[0029] In accordance with various implementations, the BS 202 may be an evolved node B (eNB) , gNB, a serving eNB, a target eNB, a femto station, a Transmission and Reception Point (TRP) , a pico station, or another UE, for example. In some implementations, the UE 204 can be various types of user devices such as a mobile phone, a smart phone, a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) , tablet, laptop computer, wearable computing device, a terminal, etc. The processor modules 214 and 236 may be implemented, or realized, with a general purpose processor, a content addressable memory, a digital signal processor, an application specific integrated circuit, a field programmable gate array, any suitable programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof, designed to perform the functions described herein. In this manner, a processor may be realized as a microprocessor, a controller, a microcontroller, a state machine, or the like. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, e.g., a combination of a digital signal processor and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a digital signal processor core, or any other such configuration.
[0030] Furthermore, the methods described in connection with the implementations disclosed herein may be implemented directly in hardware, in firmware, in a software module executed by processor modules 214 and 236, respectively, or in any practical combination thereof. The memory modules 216 and 234 may be realized as RAM memory, flash memory, ROM memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, registers, a hard disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known in the art. In this regard, memory modules 216 and 234 may be coupled to the processor modules 210 and 230, respectively, such that the processors modules 210 and 230 can read information from, and write information to, memory modules 216 and 234, respectively. The memory modules 216 and 234 may also be integrated into their respective processor modules 210 and 230. In some implementations, the memory modules 216 and 234 may each include a cache memory for storing temporary variables or other intermediate information during execution of instructions to be executed by processor modules 210 and 230, respectively. Memory modules 216 and 234 may also each include non-volatile memory for storing instructions to be executed by the processor modules 210 and 230, respectively.
[0031] The network communication module 218 generally represents the hardware, software, firmware, processing logic, and / or other components of the BS 202 that enable bi-directional communication between BS transceiver 210 and other network components and communication nodes configured to communication with the BS 202. For example, network communication module 218 may be configured to support internet or WiMAX traffic. In a typical deployment, without limitation, network communication module 218 provides an 802.3 Ethernet interface such that BS transceiver 210 can communicate with a conventional Ethernet based computer network. In this manner, the network communication module 218 may include a physical interface for connection to the computer network (e.g., Mobile Switching Center (MSC) ) . The terms “configured for, ” “configured to” and conjugations thereof, as used herein with respect to a specified operation or function, refer to a device, component, circuit, structure, machine, signal, etc., that is physically constructed, programmed, formatted and / or arranged to perform the specified operation or function.
[0032] FIG. 3 illustrates an example system 300 configured to implement positioning of a UE 104, according to various arrangements. The system 300 is configured to provide location service for a non-roaming UE 104. The UE 104 obtains location measurements and sends the measurements to the LMF to compute a location. The RAN 310 (including the BS 102 or 202) ) or an access network (e.g., NG-RAN) is involved in the handling of various positioning procedures including positioning of a target UE (e.g., the UE 104) , provision of location related information not associated with a particular target UE 104 and transfer of positioning messages between an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) 320 or LMF 330 and a target UE 104. The AMF 320 contains functionality responsible for managing positioning for a target UE 104 for all types of location request. The LMF 330 manages the overall co-ordination and scheduling of resources required for the location of a UE 104 that is registered with or accessing a core network (e.g., 5GCN) . The LMF 330 also calculates or verifies a final location and any velocity estimate and may estimate the achieved accuracy. The Unified Data Management (UDM) 340 contains Location Service (LCS) subscriber LCS privacy profile and routing information. The Gateway Mobile Location Centre (GMLC) 350 is the first node an external LCS client accesses in a Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) . Application Functions (AFs) 370 and Network Functions (NFs) may access GMLC 350 directly or via Network Exposure Functions (NEFs) 360. The AF 370 requests the location for a UE 104. The NEF 360 provides a means of accessing location services by an external AF 370 or internal AF 370. The GMLC 350 can request routing information and / or target UE 104 privacy information from the UDM 340. After performing authorization of an external LCS client or AF 370 and verifying target UE privacy, a GMLC 350 forwards a location request to a serving AMF 320.
[0033] The entities 310, 320, 330, 340, 350, 360, and 370 can be referred to as a network. The entities 320, 330, 340, 350, 360, and 370 can be referred to as a core network or 5GC. The core network includes any devices, systems, network functions or application functions other than the RAN 310 and the UE 104. The entities 102, 310, 320, 330, 340, 350, 360, and 370 can communicate with each other via protocols N1, N2, N8, N33, NL1, NL2, NL5, and NL6 as shown.
[0034] In some arrangements, the UE 104 reports AI positioning capabilities to a core network (e.g., the LMF 220) . The AI positioning capabilities include one or more of an indication of whether the UE 104 supports AI positioning, an ID of supported analytics (e.g., identifier (ID) of AI analytics type supported by the UE 104) , available AI model in or supported by the UE 104, and so on. Based on the AI positioning capabilities of the UE 104 and a required Quality of Service (QoS) from the AF 370, the LMF 220 can provide the AI information to the UE 104. The AI information includes an indication that AI positioning is to be used, the identity of the AI model, and so on.
[0035] FIG. 4 is a method 400 for determining a position of the UE 104, according to various arrangements. At 402, the UE 104 initiates a Registration Request towards the RAN 310, including sending the Registration Request to a BS 102 or 202 of the RAN 310. The UE 104 indicates its AI positioning capabilities in the Registration Request, including at least one of an indication of whether the UE 104 supports AI-based positioning, the supported analytics ID, or the ID of each available AI model in UE 104. In some examples, the support analytics ID or ID of AI analytics type identifies a type of AL / ML analytics, which can include for example direct AI / ML positioning (which directly outputs the location of the UE 104) and AI / ML-assisted positioning (which outputs information, parameter, measurement data which can then be used to determine the location of the UE 104) . The RAN 310 selects an AMF (e.g., the AMF 320) for the UE 104 and forwards the Registration Request to the AMF 320. The RAN 310 also includes the cell ID of the BS 102 / 202 related to the cell in which the UE 104 is camping. At 404, the AMF 320 accepts the registration of the UE 104 and sends Registration Accept message to the UE 104.
[0036] At 406, the AF 370 (via the NEF 360) sends a request (e.g., a Ngmlc_Location_ProvideLocation request) to the GMLC 350 for a location and in some examples a velocity for the target UE 104 which can be identified by a Generic Public Subscription Identifier (GPSI) or a Subscription Permanent Identifier (SUPI) . The request may include the required QoS, supported GAD shapes and other attributes. GMLC authorizes the AF for the usage of the LCS service.
[0037] At 408, the GMLC 350 invokes a Nudm_SDM_Get service operation toward the UDM 340 of the target UE 104 to obtain the privacy settings of the UE 104 identified by its GPSI or SUPI. The UDM 340 returns the target UE Privacy setting of the UE 104. The GMLC 350 checks the UE LCS privacy profile.
[0038] At 410, the GMLC 350 invokes a Nudm_UECM_Get service operation toward the UDM 340 of the target UE 104 with GPSI or SUPI of this UE 104. The UDM 340 returns the network addresses of the current serving AMF 320 for the UE 104.
[0039] At 412, the GMLC 350 invokes the Namf_Location_ProvidePositioningInfo service operation towards the AMF 320 to request the current location of the UE 104. The service operation includes the SUPI and client type and may include the required QoS, UE unaware indication, and supported Geographical Area Description (GAD) shapes.
[0040] At 414, the AMF 230 selects an LMF 330. The selection can use a Network Repository Function (NRF) query. At 416, the AMF 320 invokes the Nlmf_Location_DetermineLocation service operation towards the LMF 330 to request the current location of the UE 104. The service operation includes a LCS correlation identifier, the serving cell identity of the primary cell in the master RAN node and the primary cell in the secondary RAN node (when available based on dual connectivity scenarios) , and the client type. The service operation can include an indication whether 102 supports LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP) , AI positioning capabilities, the required QoS, UE positioning capability (if available) , UE unaware indication, and supported GAD shapes.
[0041] At 418, during UE-based / UE-assisted mode positioning, the LMF 330 invokes the Namf_Communication_N1N2MessageTransfer service operation towards the AMF to request the transfer of a DL Positioning message to the UE 104. The service operation includes the DL positioning message. The Namf_Communication_N1N2MessageTransfer service operation includes a session ID parameter set to the LCS correlation identifier. The DL positioning message may request location information from the UE 104, provide assistance data to the UE 104 or query for the UE capabilities if the UE positioning capability is not received from AMF 320.
[0042] In some examples in which the LMF 330 requests for location information (e.g., measurement data and not the location of the UE 104 itself) from the UE 104, based on the UE 104’s AI positioning capabilities received in 416 and the required LCS QoS, the LMF 330 can determine that the UE 104 shall perform AI positioning and indicate the same to UE 104 in the DL positioning message (by sending it to the AMF 320, which forwards it to the UE 104) . In some examples in which the available AI models in UE 104 are received, the LMF 330 can select an AI model of those available AI models and indicate the same to UE 104 in the DL positioning message (by sending it to the AMF 320, which forwards it to the UE 104) . In some examples in which the available AI models in UE 104 are not received, the LMF 330 can request the Network Data Analytics Function (NWDAF) or Model Training Logical Function (MTLF) for a UE-side model and then provide that model to the UE 104. At 418, LMF 330 sends a Namf_communication_N1N2MessageTransfer including the DL positioning message to the AMF 320.
[0043] At 420, the AMF 320 forwards the DL positioning message to the UE 104 in a DL Non-Access Stratum (NAS) transport message. The AMF 320 includes a routing identifier, in the DL NAS transport message, which is set to the LCS correlation identifier. The DL positioning message can request the UE 104 to response to the network, e.g., may request the UE 104 to acknowledge the DL positioning message, to return location information or to return capabilities.
[0044] At 422, the UE 104 stores any assistance data provided in the DL positioning message and performs any positioning measurements and / or location computation requested by the DL positioning message.
[0045] At 424, the UE 104 sends to the AMF 320 the UL positioning message included in a NAS transport message, e.g., to acknowledge the DL positioning message, to return any location information obtained in 422 or returns any AI positioning capabilities, as requested in 420. When the UE 104 sends the UL positioning message in a NAS transport message at 424, the UE 104 also includes in the UL NAS transport message the routing identifier received in 420.
[0046] At 426, the AMF 320 invokes the Namf_Communication_N1InfoNotify service operation towards the LMF 330 indicated by the routing identifier received in 424. The service operation includes the UL positioning message received in 424 and the LCS correlation identifier. In some examples, 424 and 426 can be repeated in the examples in which the UE 104 needs to send multiple UL positioning messages to respond to the request received in 420. In some examples, 418-426 can be repeated to send new assistance data and to request further location information and further UE capabilities from the UE 104.
[0047] At 428, the LMF 330 returns the Nlmf_Location_DetermineLocation response towards the AMF 320 to return the current location of the UE 104 and UE positioning capability if the UE positioning capability is received in 426, including an indication that the capabilities are non-variable and not received from AMF 320 in 416. The service operation includes the LCS correlation identifier, the location estimate, its age and accuracy, and can include information about the positioning method and the timestamp of the location estimate.
[0048] At 430, the AMF 320 returns the Namf_Location_ProvidePositioningInfo response towards the GMLC 250 to return the current location of the UE 104. The service operation includes the location estimate, its age and accuracy, and can include information about the positioning method and the timestamp of the location estimate. The AMF 320 stores the UE positioning capability in UE context when received from LMF 330, for efficient retrieval in the future, if needed. At 432, the GMLC 350 sends the location service response to the AF 370 (via the NEF 360) .
[0049] In some examples, instead of providing the AI positioning capabilities during registration, the UE 104 can include the AI positioning capabilities within its positioning capability. FIG. 5 is a method 500 for determining a position of the UE 104, according to various arrangements.
[0050] At 406, the AF 370 (via the NEF 360) sends a request (e.g., a Ngmlc_Location_ProvideLocation request) to the GMLC 350 for a location and in some examples a velocity for the target UE 104 which can be identified by a Generic Public Subscription Identifier (GPSI) or a Subscription Permanent Identifier (SUPI) . The request may include the required QoS, supported GAD shapes and other attributes. GMLC authorizes the AF for the usage of the LCS service.
[0051] At 408, the GMLC 350 invokes a Nudm_SDM_Get service operation toward the UDM 340 of the target UE 104 to obtain the privacy settings of the UE 104 identified by its GPSI or SUPI. The UDM 340 returns the target UE Privacy setting of the UE 104. The GMLC 350 checks the UE LCS privacy profile.
[0052] At 410, the GMLC 350 invokes a Nudm_UECM_Get service operation toward the UDM 340 of the target UE 104 with GPSI or SUPI of this UE 104. The UDM 340 returns the network addresses of the current serving AMF 320 for the UE 104.
[0053] At 412, the GMLC 350 invokes the Namf_Location_ProvidePositioningInfo service operation towards the AMF 320 to request the current location of the UE 104. The service operation includes the SUPI and client type and may include the required QoS, UE unaware indication, and supported Geographical Area Description (GAD) shapes.
[0054] At 414, the AMF 230 selects an LMF 330. The selection can use a NRF query. At 416, the AMF 320 invokes the Nlmf_Location_DetermineLocation service operation towards the LMF 330 to request the current location of the UE 104. The service operation includes a LCS correlation identifier, the serving cell identity of the primary cell in the master RAN node and the primary cell in the secondary RAN node (when available based on dual connectivity scenarios) , and the client type. The service operation can include an indication whether 102 supports LPP, the required QoS, UE positioning capability, UE unaware indication, and supported GAD shapes. In some examples, the UE positioning capability includes at least one of an indication of whether the UE 104 supports AI-based positioning, the supported analytics ID (e.g., ID of AI analytics type supported by the UE 104) , or the ID of each available AI model in UE 104. In some examples, the LMF 330 receives the UE positioning capability from the UE via LPP message.
[0055] At 418, during UE-based / UE-assisted mode positioning, the LMF 330 invokes the Namf_Communication_N1N2MessageTransfer service operation towards the AMF to request the transfer of a DL Positioning message to the UE 104. The service operation includes the DL positioning message. The Namf_Communication_N1N2MessageTransfer service operation includes a session ID parameter set to the LCS correlation identifier. The DL positioning message may request location information from the UE 104, provide assistance data to the UE 104 or query for the UE capabilities if the UE positioning capability is not received from AMF 320.
[0056] In some examples in which the LMF 330 requests for location information from the UE 104, based on the UE 104’s AI positioning capabilities received in 416 and the required LCS QoS, the LMF 330 can determine that the UE 104 shall perform AI positioning and indicate the same to UE 104 in the DL positioning message (by sending it to the AMF 320, which forwards it to the UE 104) . In some examples in which the available AI models in UE 104 are received, the LMF 330 can select an AI model of those available AI models and indicate the same to UE 104 in the DL positioning message (by sending it to the AMF 320, which forwards it to the UE 104) . In some examples in which the available AI models in UE 104 are not received, the LMF 330 can request the NWDAF or MTLF for a UE-side model and then provide that model to the UE 104. At 418, LMF 330 sends a Namf_communication_N1N2MessageTransfer including the DL positioning message to the AMF 320.
[0057] At 420, the AMF 320 forwards the DL positioning message to the UE 104 in a DL Non-Access Stratum (NAS) transport message. The AMF 320 includes a routing identifier, in the DL NAS transport message, which is set to the LCS correlation identifier. The DL positioning message can request the UE 104 to response to the network, e.g., may request the UE 104 to acknowledge the DL positioning message, to return location information or to return capabilities.
[0058] At 422, the UE 104 stores any assistance data provided in the DL positioning message and performs any positioning measurements and / or location computation requested by the DL positioning message.
[0059] At 424, the UE 104 sends to the AMF 320 the UL positioning message included in a NAS transport message, e.g., to acknowledge the DL positioning message, to return any location information obtained in 422 or returns any AI positioning capabilities, as requested in 420. When the UE 104 sends the UL positioning message in a NAS transport message at 424, the UE 104 also includes in the UL NAS transport message the routing identifier received in 420.
[0060] At 426, the AMF 320 invokes the Namf_Communication_N1InfoNotify service operation towards the LMF 330 indicated by the routing identifier received in 424. The service operation includes the UL positioning message received in 424 and the LCS correlation identifier. In some examples, 424 and 426 can be repeated in the examples in which the UE 104 needs to send multiple UL positioning messages to respond to the request received in 420. In some examples, 418-426 can be repeated to send new assistance data and to request further location information and further UE capabilities from the UE 104.
[0061] At 428, the LMF 330 returns the Nlmf_Location_DetermineLocation response towards the AMF 320 to return the current location of the UE 104 and UE positioning capability if the UE positioning capability is received in 426, including an indication that the capabilities are non-variable and not received from AMF 320 in 416. The service operation includes the LCS correlation identifier, the location estimate, its age and accuracy, and can include information about the positioning method and the timestamp of the location estimate.
[0062] At 430, the AMF 320 returns the Namf_Location_ProvidePositioningInfo response towards the GMLC 250 to return the current location of the UE 104. The service operation includes the location estimate, its age and accuracy, and can include information about the positioning method and the timestamp of the location estimate. The AMF 320 stores the UE positioning capability in UE context when received from LMF 330, for efficient retrieval in the future, if needed. At 432, the GMLC 350 sends the location service response to the AF 370 (via the NEF 360) .
[0063] FIG. 6 is a method 600 for determining a position of a UE 104, according to various arrangements. The method 600 can be performed by the UE 102 and the core network, as facilitated by the RAN 310. Methods 400 and 500 are particular implementations of the method 600. At 610, the UE 102 sends AI positioning capabilities of the UE 102 to the core network. The AI positioning capabilities of the UE 102 includes at least one of an indication of whether the UE 104 supports AI-based positioning, an ID of AI analytics type supported by the UE 104, or an ID of each of at least one AI model in or supported by the UE 104. At 620, the core network receives from the UE 104 the AI positioning capabilities of the UE 104. At 630, the core network sends to the UE 104 AI positioning model information. At 640, the UE 104 receives from the core network the AI positioning model information. In some examples, the AI positioning model information includes at least one of an indication that the AI-based positioning is used and an identity of an AI model to be used in the AI-based positioning.
[0064] In some examples, the core network includes an LMF 330 and an AMF 320. Receiving the AI positioning capabilities includes receiving, by the AMF 320 from the UE 104, a registration request including the AI positioning capabilities of the UE 104 and transferring, by the AMF 320 to the LMF 330, the AI positioning capabilities of the UE 104. In some examples, sending the AI positioning capabilities includes sending, by the UE 104 to the AMF 320, a registration request include the AI positioning capabilities of the UE 104. The AMF 320 transfers, to the LMF 330, the AI positioning capabilities of the UE 104.
[0065] In some examples, the core network includes an LMF 330 and an AMF 320. The method 600 further includes sending, by the AMF 320 to the LMF 330, a service operation including the positioning capabilities of the UE 104.
[0066] In some examples, the core network includes an LMF 330 and an AMF 320. The method further includes determining, by the LMF 330 based on the indication of whether the UE 104 supports the AI-based positioning, that the UE 104 is to perform the AI-based positioning and sending, by the LMF 330 to the UE 104, an indication indicating that the UE 104 is to perform the AI-based positioning. In some examples, sending the indication indicating that the UE 104 is to perform the AI-based positioning includes sending, by the LMF 330 to the AMF 320, the indication indicating that the UE 104 is to perform the AI-based positioning and sending, by the AMF 320 to the UE 104, the indication indicating that the UE 104 is to perform the AI-based positioning.
[0067] In some examples, the core network includes an LMF 330 and an AMF 320. The method 600 further includes selecting, by the LMF 330, an AI model of the at least one AI model in or supported by the UE 104 and sending, by the LMF 330 to the UE 104, an indication indicating AI model of the at least one AI model in or supported by the UE 104. In some examples, sending the indication indicating AI model of the at least one AI model in or supported by the UE 104 includes sending, by the LMF 330 to the AMF 320, the indication indicating AI model of the at least one AI model in or supported by the UE 104 and sending, by the AMF 320 to the UE 104, the indication indicating AI model of the at least one AI model in or supported by the UE 104.
[0068] In some examples, the core network includes an AMF 320. The method 600 further includes sending, by the AMF 320 to the UE 104, a downlink positioning message indicating that the UE 104 is to perform the AI-based positioning and indicating AI model of the at least one AI model in or supported by the UE 104. The UE 104 is requested to acknowledge the downlink positioning message, to return location information of the UE 104, or to return the AI positioning capabilities of the UE 104.
[0069] In some examples, the core network includes an LMF 330 and an AMF 320. The method further includes providing, by the AMF 320 to the LMF 330, uplink positioning message received by the AMF 320 from the UE 104 and providing, by the LMF 330 to the AMF 320, a current location of the UE 104 or the AI positioning capabilities of the UE 104.
[0070] In some examples, the core network includes an AMF 320. The method 600 further includes storing, by the AMF 320, the AI positioning capabilities of the UE 104 in a UE context of the UE 104.
[0071] In some examples, the core network includes an LMF 330. Receiving the AI positioning capabilities includes receiving, by the AMF 320 from the UE 104 via an LPP, the AI positioning capabilities of the UE 104. In some examples, sending the AI positioning capabilities includes sending, by the UE 104 to the LMF 330 via an LPP, the AI positioning capabilities of the UE 104.
[0072] In some examples, as described in further detail with respect to FIG. 8, the core network includes an LMF 330 and a Network Data Analytics Function (NWDAF) , the NWDAF including a Model Training Logical Function (MTLF) . The method 600 further includes requesting, by the LMF 330 to the NWDAF, an AI model used for the AI-based positioning by at least one of the LMF 330 or the UE 104 and receiving, by the LMF 330 from the NWDAF, the AI model. In some examples, the method 600 further includes sending, by the LMF 330 to the UE 104, the AI model to be used by the UE 104 for the AI-based positioning.
[0073] In some examples, sending the AI positioning capabilities includes sending, by the UE 104 to the AMF 320, a registration request include the AI positioning capabilities of the UE 104. The AMF 320 transfers, to the LMF 330, the AI positioning capabilities of the UE 104.
[0074] In some arrangements, the LMF 330 registers its AI positioning capabilities (e.g., an indication if LMF supports AI positioning, an ID of supported analytics) to the NRF. Based on the LMF 330’s AI positioning capablities from the NRF and the required QoS from the AF 370, the AMF 320 can determine whether AI positioning shall be used by LMF 330 during UE positioning procedure.
[0075] FIG. 7 is a method 700 for determining a position of the UE 104, according to various arrangements. At 702, the LMF 330 invokes the Nnrf_NFManagement_NFRegister service operation towards the NRF 710 to register the profile of the LMF 330. The profile of the LMF 330 contains AI positioning capabilities of the LMF 330, including an indication of whether the LMF 330 supports AI-based positioning and / or the supported analytics ID (e.g., ID of AI analytics type supported by the LMF 330) .
[0076] At 406, the AF 370 (via the NEF 360) sends a request (e.g., a Ngmlc_Location_ProvideLocation request) to the GMLC 350 for a location and in some examples a velocity for the target UE 104 which can be identified by a Generic Public Subscription Identifier (GPSI) or a Subscription Permanent Identifier (SUPI) . The request may include the required QoS, supported GAD shapes and other attributes. GMLC authorizes the AF for the usage of the LCS service.
[0077] At 408, the GMLC 350 invokes a Nudm_SDM_Get service operation toward the UDM 340 of the target UE 104 to obtain the privacy settings of the UE 104 identified by its GPSI or SUPI. The UDM 340 returns the target UE Privacy setting of the UE 104. The GMLC 350 checks the UE LCS privacy profile.
[0078] At 410, the GMLC 350 invokes a Nudm_UECM_Get service operation toward the UDM 340 of the target UE 104 with GPSI or SUPI of this UE 104. The UDM 340 returns the network addresses of the current serving AMF 320 for the UE 104.
[0079] At 412, the GMLC 350 invokes the Namf_Location_ProvidePositioningInfo service operation towards the AMF 320 to request the current location of the UE 104. The service operation includes the SUPI and client type and may include the required QoS, UE unaware indication, and supported GAD shapes.
[0080] At 414, the AMF 320 selects an LMF 330. In the examples in which an NRF query is used for LMF selection, at 704, the AMF 320 invokes the Nnrf_NFDiscovery_NFDiscover service operation towards the NRF 710, and the NRF 710 returns the requested NF profiles. Based on the required QoS received in 412, the AMF 320 select an LMF 330 that supports AI positioning using NRF query.
[0081] At 416, the AMF 320 invokes the Nlmf_Location_DetermineLocation service operation towards the LMF 330 to request the current location of the UE 104. The service operation includes a LCS correlation identifier, the serving cell identity of the primary cell in the master RAN node and the primary cell in the secondary RAN node (when available based on dual connectivity scenarios) , and the client type. The service operation can include an indication whether 102 supports LPP, the required QoS, UE positioning capability (if available) , UE unaware indication, and supported GAD shapes.
[0082] Based on the LMF 330’s AI positioning capabilities and the required LCS QoS, the AMF 320 can determine that LMF 330 shall perform AI positioning and indicate the same to the LMF 330. The LMF 330 can request the NWDAF (MTLF) for LMF-side AI model.
[0083] At 706, the LMF 330 performs UE-based / UE-assisted mode and / or RAN-assisted mode positioning procedures. In some examples, the UE-based / UE-assisted mode positioning procedure include 1) sending, by the LMF 330 to the AMF 320, DL positioning message; 2) sending, by the AMF 320 to the UE 104, DL positioning message; 3) the UE 104 performing the positioning measurements and / or computation; 4) sending, by the UE 104 to the AMF 320, the UL positioning message; and 5) sending, by the AMF 320 to the LMF 330, the UL positioning message.
[0084] For example, at 1) , during UE-based / UE-assisted mode positioning, the LMF 330 invokes the Namf_Communication_N1N2MessageTransfer service operation towards the AMF 320 to request the transfer of a DL positioning message to the UE 104. The service operation includes the DL positioning message. The session ID parameter of the Namf_Communication_N1N2MessageTransfer service operation is set to the LCS correlation identifier. The DL positioning message may request location information from the UE 104, provide assistance data to the UE 104 or query for the UE capabilities if the UE positioning capability is not received from AMF 320.
[0085] At 2) , the AMF 320 forwards the DL positioning message to the UE 104 in a DL NAS transport message. The AMF 320 includes a routing identifier, in the DL NAS transport message, which is set to the LCS correlation identifier. The DL positioning message may request the UE to response to the network, e.g., can request the UE 104 to acknowledge the DL positioning message, to return location information or to return capabilities.
[0086] At 3) , the UE 104 stores any assistance data provided in the DL positioning message and performs any positioning measurements and / or location computation requested by the DL positioning message. At 4) , the UE 104 sends to the AMF 320 the UL positioning message included in a NAS transport message, e.g., to acknowledge the DL positioning message, to return any location information obtained in 3) or returns any capabilities, as requested in 2) . When the UE sends UL positioning message in a NAS transport message, the UE 104 shall also include in the UL NAS transport message the routing identifier received in 2) .
[0087] At 5) , the AMF 320 invokes the Namf_Communication_N1InfoNotify service operation towards the LMF 330 indicated by the routing identifier received in 4) . The service operation includes the UL positioning message received in 4) and the LCS correlation identifier. In some examples, 4) and 5) can be repeated if the UE 104 needs to send multiple UL positioning messages to respond to the request received in 2) . In some examples, 1) -5) can be repeated to send new assistance data, and to request further location information and further UE capabilities. In some examples, the procedure of 1) -5) is based on use of the LPP protocol between the LMF 330 and the UE 104. In some examples in which the LMF 330 performs AI positioning (e.g., the LMF-side model is used) , the LMF 330 can request the location information / measurements dedicated for AI positioning (e.g., CIR) from the UE 104.
[0088] At 708, RAN-assisted mode positioning includes a) sending, by the LMF 330 to the AMF 320, a network positioning message; b) sending, by the AMF 320 to the RAN 310, a network positioning message; c) obtaining, by the RAN 310 (e.g., the BS 102 or 202) , measurements of the UE 104; d) sending, by the RAN 310 to the AMF 320, the network positioning message; and e) sending, by the AMF 320 to the LMF 330, the network positioning message. In some examples, the procedures of a) -e) is based on an NRPPa protocol between the LMF 330 and RAN 310.
[0089] At a) , during RAN-assisted mode positioning, the LMF 330 invokes the Namf_Communication _N1N2MessageTransfer service operation towards the AMF 320 to request the transfer of a network positioning message to the serving NG-RAN node (e.g., the BS 102 or 202) for the UE 104. The service operation includes the network positioning message and may indicate if the positioning is initiated towards a Positioning Reference Unit (PRU) and the LCS correlation identifier. The UE 104 can support the functions of a PRU. The network positioning message can request location information for the UE 104 from the RAN 310.
[0090] At b) , the AMF 320 forwards the network positioning message to the serving NG-RAN node in an N2 Transport message. The AMF 320 includes a routing identifier, in the N2 Transport message, identifying the LMF 330. At c) , the serving NG-RAN node obtains any location information for the UE 104 requested in b) .
[0091] At d) , the serving NG-RAN node returns any location information obtained in c) to the AMF 320 in a network positioning message included in an N2 Transport message. The serving NG-RAN node shall also include the routing identifier in the N2 transport message received in b) . At e) , the AMF 320 invokes the Namf_Communication_N2InfoNotify service towards the LMF 330 indicated by the routing identifier received in d) . The service operation includes the network positioning message received in d) and the LCS correlation identifier. In some examples, a) -e) can be repeated to request further location information and further NG-RAN capabilities. In some examples in which the LMF 330 performs AI positioning (e.g., LMF-side model is used) , the LMF 330 requests the location information / measurements dedicated for AI positioning (e.g., CIR) from the RAN 310.
[0092] At 428, the LMF 330 returns the Nlmf_Location_DetermineLocation response towards the AMF 320 to return the current location of the UE 104 and UE positioning capability if the UE positioning capability is received in 706, including an indication that the capabilities are non-variable and not received from AMF 320 in 416. The service operation includes the LCS correlation identifier, the location estimate, its age and accuracy, and can include information about the positioning method and the timestamp of the location estimate.
[0093] At 430, the AMF 320 returns the Namf_Location_ProvidePositioningInfo response towards the GMLC 250 to return the current location of the UE 104. The service operation includes the location estimate, its age and accuracy, and can include information about the positioning method and the timestamp of the location estimate. The AMF 320 stores the UE positioning capability in UE context when received from LMF 330, for efficient retrieval in the future, if needed. At 432, the GMLC 350 sends the location service response to the AF 370 (via the NEF 360) .
[0094] In some arrangments in which AI positioning needs to be performed, the LMF 330 requests a NWDAF containing MTLF for UE-side model / LMF-side model. The core network includes the NWDAF containing MTLF. FIG. 8 is a method 800 for an LMF 330 to request an AI model for positioning, according to various arrangements. At 802, in response to the LMF 330 determining that AI positioning shall be performed by the UE 104 during UE-based / UE-assisted mode positioning procedure as described herein, the LMF 330 invokes the Nnwdaf_MLModeInfo_Request request towards the NWDAF containing MTLF to request for UE-side model. The request includes the analytics ID which identifies a type of AI model for determining a position of the UE 104 used by the UE 104.
[0095] In response to the AMF 320 indicating that AI positioning shall be performed by LMF 330 as described herein, the LMF 330 invokes the Nnwdaf_MLModeInfo_Request request towards the NWDAF containing MTLF to request for LMF-side model. The request includes the analytics ID which identifies a type of AI model for determining a position of the UE 104 used by the LMF 330.
[0096] For example, there can exist a plurality of AI models used by the UE and by the LMF 330, generated by different developers, vendors, and platforms, each can use different or same inputs to determine the position of the UE 104 or information helpful in determining the position of the UE 104.
[0097] At 804, the NWDAF 810 containing MTLF returns the requested AI model (at least one of UE-side model or LMF-side model) to LMF 330. The AI model information includes ML model identifier and the ML model file address (e.g., a Uniform Resource Locator (URL) or a Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) ) . In some examples, the AI model information further includes at least one of a validity period, a spatial validity, training input data information, ML Model performance indicators and values or ML model metrics, ML model interoperability information, ML model type, ML model file size, and so on.
[0098] In some examples, the validity period indicates time period when the provided ML model information applies. The spatial validity indicates an area where the provided ML model information applies. The training input data information include areas covered by the data set, sampling ratio, maximum / minimum of value, and so on. The ML model performance indicators and values or ML model metrics include ML model accuracy and the accuracy value of the ML model. The ML model interoperability information is vendor-specific information that conveys requested model file format, model execution environment, and so on. The ML model type includes neural network, support vector machine, random forest, and so on. The ML model file size is the size of the ML model.
[0099] At 806, the LMF 330 provides UE-side model to UE within LPP message as described herein. The LMF 330 uses the LMF-side model.
[0100] FIG. 9 is a method for determining a position of a UE 104, according to various arrangements. The method 900 can be performed by a core network. The method 700 is a particular implementation of the method 900. At 910, a first network function of a core network registers with a second network function of the core network, AI positioning capabilities of the first network function. The AI positioning capabilities of the first network function includes at least one of an indication of whether the first network function supports AI-based positioning or an ID of an AI analytics type supported by the first network function. At 920, the core network selects the first network function (from a plurality of network functions) based on the AI positioning capabilities of the first network function. In some examples, the first network function includes an LMF 330. In some examples, the second network function comprises an NRF 710.
[0101] In some examples, registering the AI positioning capabilities of the first network function includes providing, by the first network function to the network function, a profile of the first network function. The profile includes the AI positioning capabilities of the first network function. In some examples, selecting the first network function includes sending, by a third network function of the core network to the second network function, a discovery request to select the first network function, the discovery request including AI-based positioning capabilities and returning, by the second network function to the third network function, one or more candidate instances comprising the first network function. In some examples, the third network function includes an AMF 320.
[0102] In some examples, selecting the first network function includes determining, by a third network function of the core network, that the first network function is to perform the AI-based positioning based on LCS requirement from an AF or a local policy and indicating, by the third network function to the first network function, that the first network function is to perform the AI-based positioning.
[0103] As discussed in further detail relative to FIG. 8, the first network function includes an LMF 330, and the core network includes a NWDAF 810, which includes an MTLF. The method 900 further includes requesting, by the LMF 330 to the NWDAF 810, an AI model used for the AI-based positioning by at least one of the LMF or the UE 104 and receiving, by the LMF 330 from the NWDAF 810, the AI model.
[0104] While various arrangements of the present solution have been described above, it should be understood that they have been presented by way of example only, and not by way of limitation. Likewise, the various diagrams may depict an example architectural or configuration, which are provided to enable persons of ordinary skill in the art to understand example features and functions of the present solution. Such persons would understand, however, that the solution is not restricted to the illustrated example architectures or configurations, but can be implemented using a variety of alternative architectures and configurations. Additionally, as would be understood by persons of ordinary skill in the art, one or more features of some arrangements can be combined with one or more features of another arrangement described herein. Thus, the breadth and scope of the present disclosure should not be limited by any of the above-described illustrative arrangements.
[0105] It is also understood that any reference to an element herein using a designation such as “first, ” “second, ” and so forth does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. Rather, these designations can be used herein as a convenient means of distinguishing between two or more elements or instances of an element. Thus, a reference to first and second elements does not mean that only two elements can be employed, or that the first element must precede the second element in some manner.
[0106] Additionally, a person having ordinary skill in the art would understand that information and signals can be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits and symbols, for example, which may be referenced in the above description can be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.
[0107] A person of ordinary skill in the art would further appreciate that any of the various illustrative logical blocks, modules, processors, means, circuits, methods and functions described in connection with the aspects disclosed herein can be implemented by electronic hardware (e.g., a digital implementation, an analog implementation, or a combination of the two) , firmware, various forms of program or design code incorporating instructions (which can be referred to herein, for convenience, as “software” or a “software module) , or any combination of these techniques. To clearly illustrate this interchangeability of hardware, firmware and software, various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits, and steps have been described above generally in terms of their functionality. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware, firmware or software, or a combination of these techniques, depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system. Skilled artisans can implement the described functionality in various ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions do not cause a departure from the scope of the present disclosure.
[0108] Furthermore, a person of ordinary skill in the art would understand that various illustrative logical blocks, modules, devices, components and circuits described herein can be implemented within or performed by an integrated circuit (IC) that can include a general purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, or any combination thereof. The logical blocks, modules, and circuits can further include antennas and / or transceivers to communicate with various components within the network or within the device. A general purpose processor can be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor can be any conventional processor, controller, or state machine. A processor can also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other suitable configuration to perform the functions described herein.
[0109] If implemented in software, the functions can be stored as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Thus, the steps of a method or algorithm disclosed herein can be implemented as software stored on a computer-readable medium. Computer-readable media includes both computer storage media and communication media including any medium that can be enabled to transfer a computer program or code from one place to another. A storage media can be any available media that can be accessed by a computer. By way of example, and not limitation, such computer-readable media can include RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that can be used to store desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed by a computer.
[0110] In this document, the term “module” as used herein, refers to software, firmware, hardware, and any combination of these elements for performing the associated functions described herein. Additionally, for purpose of discussion, the various modules are described as discrete modules; however, as would be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art, two or more modules may be combined to form a single module that performs the associated functions according arrangements of the present solution.
[0111] Additionally, memory or other storage, as well as communication components, may be employed in arrangements of the present solution. It will be appreciated that, for clarity purposes, the above description has described arrangements of the present solution with reference to different functional units and processors. However, it will be apparent that any suitable distribution of functionality between different functional units, processing logic elements or domains may be used without detracting from the present solution. For example, functionality illustrated to be performed by separate processing logic elements, or controllers, may be performed by the same processing logic element, or controller. Hence, references to specific functional units are only references to a suitable means for providing the described functionality, rather than indicative of a strict logical or physical structure or organization.
[0112] Various modifications to the implementations described in this disclosure will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be applied to other implementations without departing from the scope of this disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not intended to be limited to the implementations shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the novel features and principles disclosed herein, as recited in the claims below.
Claims
1.A method, comprising:receiving, by a core network from a wireless communication device, Artificial Intelligence (AI) positioning capabilities of the wireless communication device, wherein the AI positioning capabilities comprises at least one of:an indication of whether the wireless communication device supports AI-based positioning;an identifier (ID) of AI analytics type supported by the wireless communication device; oran ID of each of at least one AI model in or supported by the wireless communication device; andsending, by the core network to the wireless communication device, AI positioning model information.2.The method of claim 1, wherein AI positioning model information comprises at least one of an indication that the AI-based positioning is used and an identity of an AI model to be used in the AI-based positioning.3.The method of claim 1, whereinthe core network comprises a Location Management Function (LMF) and an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) ;receiving the AI positioning capabilities comprises:receiving, by the AMF from the wireless communication device, a registration request comprising the AI positioning capabilities of the wireless communication device; andtransferring, by the AMF to the LMF, the AI positioning capabilities of the wireless communication device.4.The method of claim 1, whereinthe core network comprises a Location Management Function (LMF) and an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) ; andthe method further comprising sending, by the AMF to the LMF, a service operation comprising the positioning capabilities of the wireless communication device.5.The method of claim 1, whereinthe core network comprises a Location Management Function (LMF) and an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) ; andthe method further comprising:determining, by the LMF based on the indication of whether the wireless communication device supports the AI-based positioning, that the wireless communication device is to perform the AI-based positioning; andsending, by the LMF to the wireless communication device, an indication indicating that the wireless communication device is to perform the AI-based positioning.6.The method of claim 5, wherein sending the indication indicating that the wireless communication device is to perform the AI-based positioning comprises:sending, by the LMF to the AMF, the indication indicating that the wireless communication device is to perform the AI-based positioning; andsending, by the AMF to the wireless communication device, the indication indicating that the wireless communication device is to perform the AI-based positioning.7.The method of claim 1, whereinthe core network comprises a Location Management Function (LMF) and an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) ; andthe method further comprising:selecting, by the LMF, an AI model of the at least one AI model in or supported by the wireless communication device; andsending, by the LMF to the wireless communication device, an indication indicating AI model of the at least one AI model in or supported by the wireless communication device.8.The method of claim 7, wherein sending the indication indicating AI model of the at least one AI model in or supported by the wireless communication device comprises:sending, by the LMF to the AMF, the indication indicating AI model of the at least one AI model in or supported by the wireless communication device; andsending, by the AMF to the wireless communication device, the indication indicating AI model of the at least one AI model in or supported by the wireless communication device.9.The method of claim 1, whereinthe core network comprises an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) ;the method further comprising:sending, by the AMF to the wireless communication device, a downlink positioning message indicating that the wireless communication device is to perform the AI-based positioning and indicating AI model of the at least one AI model in or supported by the wireless communication device, wherein the wireless communication device is requested to acknowledge the downlink positioning message, to return location information of the wireless communication device, or to return the AI positioning capabilities of the wireless communication device.10.The method of claim 1, whereinthe core network comprises a Location Management Function (LMF) and an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) ; andthe method further comprising:providing, by the AMF to the LMF, uplink positioning message received by the AMF from the wireless communication device; andproviding, by the LMF to the AMF, a current location of the wireless communication device and the AI positioning capabilities of the wireless communication device.11.The method of claim 1, whereinthe core network comprises an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) ; andthe method further comprising storing, by the AMF, the AI positioning capabilities of the wireless communication device in a UE context of the wireless communication device.12.The method of claim 1, whereinthe core network comprises a Location Management Function (LMF) ; andreceiving the AI positioning capabilities comprises receiving, by the AMF from the wireless communication device via a Long Term Evolution (LTE) Positioning Protocol (LPP) , the AI positioning capabilities of the wireless communication device.13.The method of claim 1, whereinthe core network comprises a Location Management Function (LMF) and a Network Data Analytics Function (NWDAF) , the NWDAF comprising a Model Training Logical Function (MTLF) ; andthe method further comprising:requesting, by the LMF to the NWDAF, an AI model used for the AI-based positioning by at least one of the LMF or the wireless communication device; andreceiving, by the LMF from the NWDAF, the AI model.14.The method of claim 13, further comprising sending, by the LMF to the wireless communication device, the AI model to be used by the wireless communication device for the AI-based positioning.15.A wireless communication apparatus comprising at least one processor and a memory, wherein the at least one processor is configured to read code from the memory and implement the method recited in claim 1.16.A computer program product comprising a computer-readable program medium code stored thereupon, the code, when executed by at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to implement the method recited in claim 1.17.A method, comprising:sending, by a wireless communication device to a core network, Artificial Intelligence (AI) positioning capabilities of the wireless communication device, wherein the AI positioning capabilities comprises at least one of:an indication of whether the wireless communication device supports AI-based positioning;an identifier (ID) of AI analytics type supported by the wireless communication device; oran ID of each of at least one AI model in or supported by the wireless communication device; andreceiving, by the wireless communication device from the core network, AI positioning model information.18.The method of claim 17, wherein AI positioning model information comprises at least one of an indication that the AI-based positioning is used and an identity of an AI model to be used in the AI-based positioning.19.The method of claim 17, whereinthe core network comprises a Location Management Function (LMF) and an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) ; andsending the AI positioning capabilities comprises sending, by the wireless communication device to the AMF, a registration request comprising the AI positioning capabilities of the wireless communication device, wherein the AMF transfers, to the LMF, the AI positioning capabilities of the wireless communication device.20.The method of claim 17, whereinthe core network comprises a Location Management Function (LMF) ; andsending the AI positioning capabilities comprises sending, by the wireless communication device to the LMF via a Long Term Evolution (LTE) Positioning Protocol (LPP) , the AI positioning capabilities of the wireless communication device.21.A wireless communication apparatus comprising at least one processor and a memory, wherein the at least one processor is configured to read code from the memory and implement the method recited in claim 17.22.A computer program product comprising a computer-readable program medium code stored thereupon, the code, when executed by at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to implement the method recited in claim 17.23.A method, comprising:registering, by a first network function of a core network with a second network function of the core network, Artificial Intelligence (AI) positioning capabilities of the first network function, wherein the AI positioning capabilities comprises at least one of:an indication of whether the first network function supports AI-based positioning; oran identifier (ID) of an AI analytics type supported by the first network function; andselecting, by the core network, the first network function based on the AI positioning capabilities of the first network function.24.The method of claim 23, whereinthe first network function comprises a Location Management Function (LMF) ; andthe second network function comprises a Network Repository Function (NRF) .25.The method of claim 23, wherein registering the AI positioning capabilities of the first network function comprises providing, by the first network function to the second network function, a profile of the first network function, wherein the profile comprises the AI positioning capabilities of the first network function.26.The method of claim 23, wherein selecting the first network function comprises:sending, by a third network function of the core network to the second network function, a discovery request to select the first network function, the discovery request comprising AI-based positioning capabilities; andreturning, by the second network function to the third network function, one or more candidate instances comprising the first network function.27.The method of claim 23, wherein the third network function comprises an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) .28.The method of claim 23, wherein selecting the first network function comprises:determining, by a third network function of the core network, that the first network function is to perform the AI-based positioning based on Location Service (LCS) requirement from an Application Function (AF) or a local policy;indicating, by the third network function to the first network function, that the first network function is to perform the AI-based positioning.29.The method of claim 23, whereinthe first network function comprises a Location Management Function (LMF) ;the core network comprises a Network Data Analytics Function (NWDAF) , the NWDAF comprising a Model Training Logical Function (MTLF) ; andthe method further comprising:requesting, by the LMF to the NWDAF, an AI model used for the AI-based positioning by at least one of the LMF or the wireless communication device; andreceiving, by the LMF from the NWDAF, the AI model.30.A wireless communication apparatus comprising at least one processor and a memory, wherein the at least one processor is configured to read code from the memory and implement the method recited in claim 29.31.A computer program product comprising a computer-readable program medium code stored thereupon, the code, when executed by at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to implement the method recited in claim 29.
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