Consumer server, repository server, communication method, and communication system for aiml service

Abstract

A consumer server according to the present invention comprises: a transmission unit that transmits an update request for an artificial intelligence / machine learning (AI / ML) model to a repository server at which the AI / ML model is stored; and a reception unit that receives a response that indicates whether the AI / ML model was successfully updated by the repository server on the basis of the update request.

Description

Consumer server, repository server, communication method and communication system in AIML service

[0001] The present invention relates to a consumer server, a repository server, a communication method and a communication system in an AIML service.

[0002] 3GPP (registered trademark) is considering providing artificial intelligence (AI) / machine learning (ML) services to support data analysis using AI / ML and training, transfer, or distribution of AI / ML models by application service providers or third parties.

[0003] Conventional standards stipulate a procedure (AI / ML model information storage procedure) by which a model repository consumer stores an AI / ML model in a model repository (for example, Non-Patent Document 1).

[0004] 3GPP TR 23.700-82 V0.2.0 (2023-11)

[0005] In some use cases, AI / ML models are updated by fine-tuning or other adjustments or re-learning to improve their accuracy. However, while existing standards specify procedures for storing AI / ML models, they do not specify procedures for updating AI / ML models. As a result, when changes occur to an AI / ML model, model repository consumers may not be able to properly update the AI / ML model registered in the model repository.

[0006] The consumer server in this embodiment includes a transmitting unit that transmits an update request for an AI / ML (Artificial Intelligence / Machine Learning) model to a repository server that stores the AI / ML model, and a receiving unit that receives a response from the repository server indicating whether the update of the AI / ML model was successful based on the update request.

[0007] According to this embodiment, an update procedure for an AI / ML model that has been stored in advance in a model repository is defined, and a model repository consumer can update the AI / ML model stored in the model repository by following this update procedure.

[0008] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a communication system according to the present embodiment. FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example for explaining federated learning (FL). FIG. 3 is a sequence diagram illustrating an example of a registration procedure for an AI / ML model. FIG. 4 is a sequence diagram illustrating an example of an update procedure for an AI / ML model according to the present embodiment. FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of information elements included in an AI / ML model information update request according to the present embodiment. FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of information elements included in an AI / ML model information update response according to the present embodiment. FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of the functional configuration of a 3GPP network system, an AIML enablement server, and a VAL server according to the present embodiment. FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of the functional configuration of a terminal according to the present embodiment. FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of the hardware configuration of a 3GPP network system, an AIML enablement server, a VAL server, or a terminal according to the present embodiment. FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of a vehicle according to the present embodiment.

[0009] Hereinafter, the present embodiment will be described with reference to the drawings. Note that one or more embodiments described below are examples, and the embodiments to which the present invention is applied are not limited to the following embodiments.

[0010] In the operation of the wireless communication system of this embodiment, existing technology may be used as appropriate. The existing technology is, for example, existing NR or LTE, but is not limited to existing NR or LTE. In addition, the term "LTE" used in this specification has a broad meaning including LTE-Advanced and systems after LTE-Advanced (e.g., NR), unless otherwise specified.

[0011] In the present embodiment described below, terms such as SS (Synchronization signal), PSS (Primary SS), SSS (Secondary SS), PBCH (Physical broadcast channel), PRACH (Physical random access channel), PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel), PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Channel), PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel), and PUSCH (Physical Uplink Shared Channel) used in existing LTE are used. This is for convenience of description, and similar signals, functions, etc. may be called by other names. In addition, the above-mentioned terms in NR correspond to NR-SS, NR-PSS, NR-SSS, NR-PBCH, NR-PRACH, etc. However, even if a signal is used in NR, it is not necessarily stated as "NR-".

[0012] In this embodiment, the duplex method may be a time division duplex (TDD) method, a frequency division duplex (FDD) method, or another method (for example, flexible duplex, etc.).

[0013] In this embodiment, "configuring" radio parameters etc. may mean that predetermined values ​​are pre-configured, or that radio parameters notified from a base station or a terminal are set.

[0014] (System Configuration) Fig. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a communication system according to this embodiment. As shown in Fig. 1, the communication system 1 according to this embodiment includes a 3GPP network system 10, a UE 20, an AIML enablement server 30, and one or more VAL servers 40. The UE 20 is an example of a terminal, and may also be expressed as terminal 20. Although one UE 20 is shown in Fig. 1, this is an example, and multiple UEs 20 may be included.

[0015] The UE 20 includes one or more Vertical Application Layer (VAL) clients 22 and an AIML enablement client 21. In this embodiment, the AIML enablement client 21 may be referred to as a client or a client in an AIML service.

[0016] The VAL client 22 communicates with the VAL server 40 via the VAL-UU reference point, which supports both unicast and multicast delivery modes.

[0017] The communication system in this embodiment has an architecture based on SEAL (Service Enabler Architecture Layer) and provides VAL with common functions for comprehensively realizing AI / ML functions. AIML enablement is an application enablement framework that includes AI / ML enabler functions and may be deployed as an enablement layer server / client such as SEAL and ADAES (Application Data Analytics Enablement Service).

[0018] The entities of the AIML enablement layer in the communication system 1 include an AIML enablement client 21 and an AIML enablement server 30. The AIML enablement layer includes a common set of services for comprehensively enabling AIML functionality, including federated learning (FL) and distributed learning (such as FL client registration management and FL client discovery and selection) and reference points. AIML enablement services are provided to the VAL.

[0019] The AIML enablement server 30 is supported by VAL and performs management and training of ML models. The AIML enablement server 30 manages multiple clients (e.g., client registration). The AIML enablement server 30 may also act as a model repository consumer. The model repository consumer may be, for example, an AIML server with ADAE (Application Data Analytics Enablement) and / or MTME (Model Training and Management Enablement) functionality.

[0020] The AIML enablement client 21 is an application-side client that supports the training of ML models and supports the management of the training. The AIML enablement client 21 may perform training of ML models and inference using the ML models. The AIML enablement client 21 may be a physical server (e.g., a machine learning workstation) or a terminal (e.g., a small device such as a smartphone).

[0021] The AIML enablement client 21 communicates with the AIML enablement server 30 via the AIML-UU reference point.

[0022] The AIML enablement client 21 provides functionality to the VAL client 22 via an AIML-C reference point.

[0023] The VAL server 40 communicates with the AIML enablement server 30 via the AIML-S reference point. The AIML enablement server 30 communicates with the 3GPP network system 10 using the respective 3GPP interface specified by the 3GPP network system 10.

[0024] The 3GPP network system 10 includes a base station and a core network. The base station is a communication device that provides one or more cells and performs wireless communication with terminals 20. The physical resources of a wireless signal are defined in the time domain and the frequency domain. The time domain may be defined by the number of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols, and the frequency domain may be defined by the number of subcarriers or resource blocks. Furthermore, a transmission time interval (TTI) in the time domain may be a slot, or the TTI may be a subframe. The 3GPP network system 10 may further include an analytics data repository function (ADRF) 10A that operates as a model repository.

[0025] The base station transmits a synchronization signal and system information to the terminal 20. The synchronization signal is, for example, NR-PSS and NR-SSS. The system information is transmitted, for example, via NR-PBCH and is also referred to as broadcast information. The synchronization signal and system information may be referred to as SSB (SS / PBCH block). As shown in FIG. 1, the base station transmits control signals or data to the terminal 20 via DL (Downlink) and receives control signals or data from the terminal 20 via UL (Uplink). Both the base station and the terminal 20 are capable of transmitting and receiving signals by performing beamforming. Furthermore, both the base station and the terminal 20 are capable of applying MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) communication to the DL or UL. Furthermore, both the base station and the terminal 20 may communicate via a secondary cell (SCell: Secondary Cell) and a primary cell (PCell: Primary Cell) using CA (Carrier Aggregation). Furthermore, the terminal 20 may perform communication via a primary cell of a base station and a primary secondary cell group cell (PSCell: Primary SCG Cell) of another base station by DC (Dual Connectivity).

[0026] The terminal 20 is a communication device equipped with a wireless communication function, such as a smartphone, a mobile phone, a tablet, a wearable terminal, or an M2M (Machine-to-Machine) communication module. As shown in FIG. 1, the terminal 20 receives control signals or data from a base station via DL and transmits control signals or data to the base station via UL, thereby utilizing various communication services provided by the wireless communication system. The terminal 20 receives various reference signals transmitted from the base station and performs measurement of propagation path quality based on the reception results of the reference signals. The terminal 20 may also be referred to as a UE, and the base station may also be referred to as a gNB.

[0027] FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of federated learning (FL). FL is a technique in which multiple machines (local machines) work together to create a single machine learning model. As shown in FIG. 2, each local machine performs learning and outputs a local model, and a central server aggregates the output local models and processes the aggregated local model as a global model. In FL, learning is performed using data stored in each local machine, so each local machine does not need to send data to other local machines. In FL, learning and inference are performed by multiple clients (AIML enablement clients 21), so the AIML enablement server 30 is required to manage each AIML enablement client 21.

[0028] 3 shows a procedure for initially storing (registering) an AI / ML model in the model repository 10A when the AI / ML model is not stored in the model repository 10A. In this embodiment, the model repository 10A may be referred to as a repository server, and the model repository consumer 30 may be referred to as a consumer server.

[0029] 3, in step S1, the model repository consumer 30 sends an AI / ML model information storage request to the model repository 10A. The AI / ML model information storage request is a request signal for storing an AI / ML model in the model repository 10A. The AI / ML model information is information indicating the AI / ML model to be stored in the model repository 10A.

[0030] The model repository 10A stores the AI / ML model included in the received AI / ML model information storage request. In step 2, the model repository 10A sends an AI / ML model information storage response to the model repository consumer 30 indicating that the AI / ML model has been stored.

[0031] As described above, while conventional standards specify the procedure for initially registering an AI / ML model in the model repository 10A, they do not specify the procedure for updating an AI / ML model stored in the model repository 10A. To improve the accuracy of an AI / ML model, there may be use cases in which the AI / ML model is updated by adjustments such as fine tuning or by relearning. However, because conventional standards do not specify the procedure for updating an AI / ML model, there is a risk that the AI / ML model cannot be updated appropriately.

[0032] In this embodiment, a procedure for updating an AI / ML model registered in the model repository 10A is clarified.

[0033] 4 is a sequence diagram showing an example of a procedure for updating an AI / ML model registered in the model repository 10A in this embodiment. Before the procedure of FIG. 4 is executed, the model repository 10A stores the AI / ML model in advance.

[0034] In step S11, the model repository consumer 30 determines whether to trigger an update of the AI / ML model. The model repository consumer 30 may determine to trigger an update of the AI / ML model when it detects a change in the content of the AI / ML model or when it receives an operation from a user.

[0035] In step S12, the model repository consumer 30 sends an AIML model information update request to the model repository 10A.

[0036] 5, the AI / ML model information update request may include information elements such as a requestor identifier indicating a model repository consumer, security credentials, and an AI / ML model profile. Furthermore, the AI / ML model profile may further include analytics ID(s) and requirements for using the model. The requirements for using the model may include required computing power, etc.

[0037] The AI / ML model information update request may include some or all of the information elements shown in Fig. 5, or may further include other information elements. The names of the information elements shown in Fig. 5 are examples, and the information elements may be expressed by other names.

[0038] 4, the model repository 10A may verify security credentials and perform an authentication check based on the AI / ML model information update request. For example, the model repository 10A may determine whether the model repository consumer 30 is already registered with the model repository 10A. If the authentication is successful, the model repository 10A updates the AI / ML model stored in the model repository 10A based on the information included in the AI / ML model information update request.

[0039] In step 14 of FIG. 4, the model repository 10A sends an AIML model information update response to the model repository consumer 30.

[0040] The AI / ML model information update response may include, for example, a success response, a failure response, and a cause, as shown in Fig. 6. The success response indicates that the update of the AI / ML model stored in the model repository 10A was successful. The failure response indicates that the update of the AI / ML model failed. The cause indicates the reason why the update of the AI / ML model failed.

[0041] The AI / ML model information update response may include some or all of the information elements shown in Fig. 6, or may further include other information elements. The names of the information elements shown in Fig. 6 are examples, and the information elements may be represented by other names.

[0042] According to this embodiment, an update procedure for an AI / ML model that has been stored in advance in a model repository is defined, and a model repository consumer can update the AI / ML model stored in the model repository by following this update procedure. Furthermore, according to this embodiment, information elements included in an AI / ML model information update request and an AI / ML model information update response that are used to update an AI / ML model are appropriately defined.

[0043] (Device Configuration) Next, a description will be given of an example of the functional configuration of the 3GPP network system 10, the AIML enablement server 30, the VAL server 40, and the terminal 20 that execute the processes and operations described above. The 3GPP network system 10, the AIML enablement server 30, the VAL server 40, and the terminal 20 include functions for executing the above-described embodiments. However, the 3GPP network system 10, the AIML enablement server 30, the VAL server 40, and the terminal 20 may each include only the proposed functions of any of the embodiments.

[0044] <3GPP Network System 10, AIML Enablement Server 30, and VAL Server 40> Figure 7 is a diagram showing an example of the functional configuration of the 3GPP network system 10, the AIML enablement server 30, and the VAL server 40. As shown in Figure 7, the 3GPP network system 10, the AIML enablement server 30, and the VAL server 40 each include a transmitter 110, a receiver 120, a setting unit 130, and a controller 140. The functional configuration shown in Figure 7 is merely an example. The names of the functional divisions and functional units may be any as long as they can perform the operations according to this embodiment. The transmitter 110 and the receiver 120 may be referred to as communication units.

[0045] The transmitter 110 has a function of generating a signal to be transmitted to the opposing device and transmitting the signal. The receiver 120 has a function of receiving various signals transmitted from the opposing device and acquiring, for example, information of a higher layer from the received signal. The transmitter 110 also has a function of transmitting NR-PSS, NR-SSS, NR-PBCH, DL / UL control signals, DL data, etc. to the terminal 20. The transmitter 110 also transmits the setting information, etc., described in the embodiments.

[0046] The setting unit 130 stores preset setting information and various setting information to be transmitted to the terminal 20 in a storage device, and reads the information from the storage device as needed. The control unit 140 controls the entire device, including control related to signal transmission and reception, for example. Note that the functional unit related to signal transmission in the control unit 140 may be included in the transmitting unit 110, and the functional unit related to signal reception in the control unit 140 may be included in the receiving unit 120. The transmitting unit 110 and the receiving unit 120 may also be called a transmitter and a receiver, respectively.

[0047] <Terminal 20> Fig. 8 is a diagram showing an example of the functional configuration of a terminal. As shown in Fig. 8, the terminal 20 has a transmitting unit 210, a receiving unit 220, a setting unit 230, and a control unit 240. The functional configuration shown in Fig. 8 is merely an example. As long as the operation according to this embodiment can be executed, the names of the functional divisions and functional units may be any. The transmitting unit 210 and the receiving unit 220 may be called a communication unit.

[0048] The transmitter 210 creates a transmission signal from the transmission data and transmits the transmission signal wirelessly. The receiver 220 receives various signals wirelessly and acquires higher layer signals from the received physical layer signals. The transmitter 210 also transmits HARQ-ACK, and the receiver 220 receives the setting information and the like described in the embodiments.

[0049] The setting unit 230 stores various setting information received by the receiving unit 220 from the AIML enablement server 30 via the 3GPP network system 10 in a storage device, and reads it out from the storage device as needed. The setting unit 230 also stores setting information that is set in advance. The control unit 240 performs overall control of the terminal 20, including control related to signal transmission and reception. Note that the function unit related to signal transmission in the control unit 240 may be included in the transmitting unit 210, and the function unit related to signal reception in the control unit 240 may be included in the receiving unit 220. The transmitting unit 210 and the receiving unit 220 may also be called a transmitter and a receiver, respectively.

[0050] The terminal or AIML enablement server of this embodiment may be configured as a terminal or AIML enablement server shown in each of the following items. Also, the following communication method may be implemented.

[0051] <Configuration Related to the Present Embodiment> (Item 1) A consumer server comprising: a transmitter that transmits an update request for an AI / ML (Artificial Intelligence / Machine Learning) model to a repository server that stores the AI / ML model; and a receiver that receives a response from the repository server based on the update request, indicating whether the update of the AI / ML model was successful. (Item 2) The consumer server according to item 1, wherein the update request includes information that identifies the consumer server that sent the update request. (Item 3) A repository server comprising: a memory that stores an AI / ML (Artificial Intelligence / Machine Learning) model; a receiver that receives, from a consumer server, a request to update the AI / ML model stored in the repository server; and a control unit that updates the AI / ML model stored in the memory based on the update request. (Item 4) The repository server according to item 3, further comprising a transmitter that transmits a response to the consumer server indicating whether the update of the AI / ML model was successful. (Clause 5) A communication method for updating an AI / ML (Artificial Intelligence / Machine Learning) model, comprising the steps of: sending an update request for the AI / ML model stored in a repository server from a consumer server to the repository server; updating the AI / ML model stored in the repository server based on the update request; and sending a response indicating whether the update of the AI / ML model was successful from the repository server to the consumer server.(Clause 6) A communication system comprising a repository server and a consumer server, wherein the repository server stores an AI / ML (Artificial Intelligence / Machine Learning) model, the consumer server sends an update request for the AI / ML model stored in the repository server to the repository server, the repository server updates the AI / ML model stored in the repository server based on the update request, and sends a response to the consumer server indicating whether the update of the AI / ML model was successful.

[0052] In either of the above configurations, an update procedure for an AI / ML model that has been previously stored in the model repository is defined, and a model repository consumer can update the AI / ML model stored in the model repository by following this update procedure.

[0053] Furthermore, according to paragraphs 1 and 2, information elements included in an AI / ML model information update request and an AI / ML model information update response used to update an AI / ML model are appropriately defined.

[0054] (Hardware Configuration) The block diagrams (FIGS. 7 and 8) used to explain the above embodiments show functional blocks. These functional blocks (components) are realized by any combination of at least one of hardware and software. Furthermore, the method for realizing each functional block is not particularly limited. That is, each functional block may be realized using a single device that is physically or logically coupled, or may be realized using two or more physically or logically separated devices that are directly or indirectly connected (for example, using wires, wirelessly, etc.) and these multiple devices. The functional block may also be realized by combining software with the single device or the multiple devices.

[0055] Functions include, but are not limited to, judgment, determination, judgment, calculation, computation, processing, derivation, investigation, search, confirmation, reception, transmission, output, access, resolution, selection, selection, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, consideration, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating, mapping, and assignment. For example, a functional block (component) that performs transmission is called a transmitting unit or transmitter. As mentioned above, there are no particular limitations on how these functions are implemented.

[0056] For example, the 3GPP network system, AIML enablement server, terminal, etc. according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may function as a computer that performs processing of the wireless communication method of the present disclosure. Figure 9 is a diagram showing an example of the hardware configuration of the 3GPP network system 10, AIML enablement server 30, VAL server 40, and terminal 20 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The above-described 3GPP network system 10, AIML enablement server 30, VAL server 40, and terminal 20 may be physically configured as a computer device including a processor 1001, a storage device 1002, an auxiliary storage device 1003, a communication device 1004, an input device 1005, an output device 1006, a bus 1007, etc.

[0057] In the following description, the term "apparatus" can be read as a circuit, a device, a unit, etc. The hardware configurations of the 3GPP network system 10, the AIML enablement server 30, the VAL server 40, and the terminal 20 may be configured to include one or more of the apparatuses shown in the drawings, or may be configured to exclude some of the apparatuses.

[0058] Each function in the 3GPP network system 10, AIML enablement server 30, VAL server 40 and terminal 20 is realized by loading specified software (programs) onto hardware such as a processor 1001 and a memory device 1002, causing the processor 1001 to perform calculations, control communication by a communication device 1004, and control at least one of reading and writing data in the memory device 1002 and the auxiliary memory device 1003.

[0059] The processor 1001 controls the entire computer by running, for example, an operating system. The processor 1001 may be configured as a central processing unit (CPU) including an interface with peripheral devices, a control device, an arithmetic unit, a register, etc. For example, the above-mentioned control unit 140, control unit 240, etc. may be realized by the processor 1001.

[0060] The processor 1001 also reads programs (program codes), software modules, data, etc. from at least one of the auxiliary storage device 1003 and the communication device 1004 into the storage device 1002 and executes various processes in accordance with the programs. The programs used are those that cause a computer to execute at least some of the operations described in the above-described embodiments. For example, the control unit 140 shown in FIG. 7 may be implemented by a control program stored in the storage device 1002 and running on the processor 1001. For example, the control unit 240 of the terminal 20 shown in FIG. 8 may be implemented by a control program stored in the storage device 1002 and running on the processor 1001. While the above-described various processes have been described as being executed by a single processor 1001, they may also be executed simultaneously or sequentially by two or more processors 1001. The processor 1001 may be implemented by one or more chips. The programs may also be transmitted from a network via a telecommunications line.

[0061] The storage device 1002 is a computer-readable recording medium and may be configured, for example, by at least one of a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable ROM (EPROM), an electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), a random access memory (RAM), etc. The storage device 1002 may also be called a register, a cache, a main memory, etc. The storage device 1002 can store executable programs (program codes), software modules, etc. for implementing a communication method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0062] The secondary storage device 1003 is a computer-readable recording medium, and may be, for example, at least one of an optical disk such as a CD-ROM (Compact Disc ROM), a hard disk drive, a flexible disk, a magneto-optical disk (e.g., a compact disk, a digital versatile disk, a Blu-ray (registered trademark) disk), a smart card, a flash memory (e.g., a card, a stick, a key drive), a floppy (registered trademark) disk, a magnetic strip, etc. The above-mentioned storage medium may be, for example, a database, a server, or other appropriate medium including at least one of the storage device 1002 and the secondary storage device 1003.

[0063] The communication device 1004 is hardware (transmission / reception device) for communicating between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network, and is also referred to as, for example, a network device, a network controller, a network card, a communication module, etc. The communication device 1004 may be configured to include a high-frequency switch, a duplexer, a filter, a frequency synthesizer, etc. to realize at least one of frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD). For example, a transmission / reception antenna, an amplifier unit, a transmission / reception unit, a transmission path interface, etc. may be realized by the communication device 1004. The transmission / reception unit may be implemented as a transmission unit and a reception unit that are physically or logically separated.

[0064] The input device 1005 is an input device (e.g., a keyboard, a mouse, a microphone, a switch, a button, a sensor, etc.) that accepts input from the outside. The output device 1006 is an output device (e.g., a display, a speaker, an LED lamp, etc.) that outputs to the outside. Note that the input device 1005 and the output device 1006 may be integrated into one device (e.g., a touch panel).

[0065] The processor 1001, the storage device 1002, and other devices are connected by a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 may be configured using a single bus, or may be configured using different buses for each device.

[0066] The 3GPP network system 10, the AIML enablement server 30, the VAL server 40, and the terminal 20 may be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), or a field programmable gate array (FPGA), and some or all of the functional blocks may be realized by the hardware. For example, the processor 1001 may be implemented using at least one of these pieces of hardware.

[0067] Fig. 10 shows an example configuration of a vehicle 2001. As shown in Fig. 10, the vehicle 2001 includes a drive unit 2002, a steering unit 2003, an accelerator pedal 2004, a brake pedal 2005, a shift lever 2006, front wheels 2007, rear wheels 2008, an axle 2009, an electronic control unit 2010, various sensors 2021 to 2029, an information service unit 2012, and a communication module 2013. Each aspect / embodiment described in the present disclosure may be applied to a communication device mounted on the vehicle 2001, and may be applied to the communication module 2013, for example.

[0068] The drive unit 2002 is configured, for example, by an engine, a motor, or a hybrid of an engine and a motor. The steering unit 2003 includes at least a steering wheel (also called a handle) and is configured to steer at least one of the front wheels and the rear wheels based on the operation of the steering wheel operated by the user.

[0069] The electronic control unit 2010 is composed of a microprocessor 2031, memory (ROM, RAM) 2032, and a communication port (IO port) 2033. Signals are input to the electronic control unit 2010 from various sensors 2021 to 2029 provided in the vehicle 2001. The electronic control unit 2010 may also be called an ECU (Electronic Control Unit).

[0070] The signals from the various sensors 2021 to 2029 include a current signal from a current sensor 2021 that senses the current of the motor, a rotation speed signal of the front and rear wheels obtained by a rotation speed sensor 2022, an air pressure signal of the front and rear wheels obtained by an air pressure sensor 2023, a vehicle speed signal obtained by a vehicle speed sensor 2024, an acceleration signal obtained by an acceleration sensor 2025, an accelerator pedal depression amount signal obtained by an accelerator pedal sensor 2029, a brake pedal depression amount signal obtained by a brake pedal sensor 2026, a shift lever operation signal obtained by a shift lever sensor 2027, and a detection signal for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc. obtained by an object detection sensor 2028.

[0071] The information service unit 2012 is composed of various devices, such as a car navigation system, an audio system, speakers, a television, and a radio, for providing various types of information such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, and one or more ECUs for controlling these devices. The information service unit 2012 provides various types of multimedia information and multimedia services to the occupants of the vehicle 2001 by using information acquired from external devices via the communication module 2013, etc.

[0072] The driving assistance system unit 2030 is composed of various devices that provide functions for preventing accidents and reducing the driving burden on the driver, such as millimeter-wave radar, LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging), cameras, positioning locators (e.g., GNSS, etc.), map information (e.g., high-definition (HD) maps, autonomous vehicle (AV) maps, etc.), gyro systems (e.g., IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit), INS (Inertial Navigation System), etc.), AI (Artificial Intelligence) chips, and AI processors, as well as one or more ECUs that control these devices. In addition, the driving assistance system unit 2030 transmits and receives various information via the communication module 2013 to realize the driving assistance function or the autonomous driving function.

[0073] The communication module 2013 can communicate with the microprocessor 2031 and components of the vehicle 2001 via the communication port. For example, the communication module 2013 transmits and receives data via the communication port 2033 to and from the drive unit 2002, steering unit 2003, accelerator pedal 2004, brake pedal 2005, shift lever 2006, front wheels 2007, rear wheels 2008, axle 2009, microprocessor 2031 and memory (ROM, RAM) 2032 in the electronic control unit 2010, and sensors 2021 to 29, which are provided in the vehicle 2001.

[0074] The communication module 2013 is a communication device that can be controlled by the microprocessor 2031 of the electronic control unit 2010 and can communicate with an external device. For example, it transmits and receives various information to and from the external device via wireless communication. The communication module 2013 may be located either inside or outside the electronic control unit 2010. The external device may be, for example, a base station, a mobile station, or the like.

[0075] The communication module 2013 transmits, via wireless communication to an external device, a current signal from the current sensor that is input to the electronic control unit 2010. The communication module 2013 also transmits, via wireless communication to an external device, the rotation speed signals of the front and rear wheels acquired by a rotation speed sensor 2022, the air pressure signals of the front and rear wheels acquired by an air pressure sensor 2023, the vehicle speed signal acquired by a vehicle speed sensor 2024, the acceleration signal acquired by an acceleration sensor 2025, the accelerator pedal depression amount signal acquired by an accelerator pedal sensor 2029, the brake pedal depression amount signal acquired by a brake pedal sensor 2026, the shift lever operation signal acquired by a shift lever sensor 2027, and detection signals for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc. acquired by an object detection sensor 2028, all of which are input to the electronic control unit 2010.

[0076] The communication module 2013 receives various information (traffic information, traffic signal information, vehicle distance information, etc.) transmitted from external devices and displays it on the information service unit 2012 provided in the vehicle 2001. The communication module 2013 also stores the various information received from the external devices in a memory 2032 that can be used by the microprocessor 2031. Based on the information stored in the memory 2032, the microprocessor 2031 may control the drive unit 2002, steering unit 2003, accelerator pedal 2004, brake pedal 2005, shift lever 2006, front wheels 2007, rear wheels 2008, axles 2009, sensors 2021 to 2029, etc. provided in the vehicle 2001.

[0077] (Supplementary Notes on the Embodiments) Although the present embodiment has been described above, the disclosed invention is not limited to such embodiments, and those skilled in the art will understand various modifications, alterations, alternatives, and replacements. While specific numerical examples have been used to facilitate understanding of the invention, unless otherwise specified, these numerical values ​​are merely examples, and any appropriate values ​​may be used. The division of items in the above description is not essential to the present invention; matters described in two or more items may be used in combination as needed, and matters described in one item may be applied to matters described in another item (as long as there is no contradiction). Boundaries between functional units or processing units in a functional block diagram do not necessarily correspond to boundaries between physical components. The operations of multiple functional units may be physically performed by a single component, or the operations of one functional unit may be physically performed by multiple components. The order of the processing procedures described in the embodiments may be reversed as long as there is no contradiction. For convenience of process description, the 3GPP network system 10, the AIML enablement server 30, the VAL server 40, and the terminal 20 have been described using functional block diagrams, but such devices may be realized by hardware, software, or a combination thereof. Software operated by a processor included in the 3GPP network system 10, the AIML enablement server 30, and the VAL server 40 according to this embodiment, and software operated by a processor included in the terminal 20 according to this embodiment, may each be stored in any appropriate storage medium, such as random access memory (RAM), flash memory, read-only memory (ROM), EPROM, EEPROM, register, hard disk (HDD), removable disk, CD-ROM, database, server, or the like.

[0078] Furthermore, the notification of information is not limited to the aspects / embodiments described in the present disclosure, and may be performed using other methods. For example, the notification of information may be performed by physical layer signaling (e.g., Downlink Control Information (DCI), Uplink Control Information (UCI)), higher layer signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling), broadcast information (Master Information Block (MIB), System Information Block (SIB)), other signals, or a combination thereof. Furthermore, the RRC signaling may be referred to as an RRC message, and may be, for example, an RRC Connection Setup message, an RRC Connection Reconfiguration message, or the like.

[0079] Each aspect / embodiment described in the present disclosure may be implemented using any of the following standards: LTE (Long Term Evolution), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4G (4th generation mobile communication system), 5G (5th generation mobile communication system), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), xth generation mobile communication system (xG) (xG (x is, for example, an integer or a decimal number)), FRA (Future Radio Access), NR (new Radio), New radio access (NX), Future generation radio access (FX), W-CDMA (registered trademark), GSM (registered trademark), CDMA2000, UMB (Ultra Mobile Broadband), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.17 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.19 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.20 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.21 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.22 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.23 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.24 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.25 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.26 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.27 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.28 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.29 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.30 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.31 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.32 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.33 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.34 ( The present invention may be applied to at least one of systems using 802.20, UWB (Ultra-Wide Band), Bluetooth (registered trademark), or other suitable systems, and next-generation systems that are extended, modified, created, or defined based on these systems. The present invention may also be applied to a combination of multiple systems (e.g., a combination of LTE and / or LTE-A with 5G).

[0080] The order of the procedures, sequences, flowcharts, etc. of each aspect / embodiment described herein may be rearranged unless it is consistent. For example, the methods described in this disclosure present elements of various steps using an example order and are not limited to the particular order presented.

[0081] In this specification, specific operations that are described as being performed by the AIML enablement server 30 may in some cases be performed by the 3GPP network system 10. In a network consisting of one or more network nodes having the 3GPP network system 10, the AIML enablement server 30, and the VAL server 40, it is clear that various operations performed for communication with the terminal 20 may be performed by at least one of the network nodes (such as, but not limited to, an MME or an S-GW). Although the above example illustrates a case where there is one network node, the other network node may be a combination of multiple other network nodes.

[0082] The information, signals, etc. described in the present disclosure may be output from a higher layer (or a lower layer) to a lower layer (or a higher layer), or may be input / output via multiple network nodes.

[0083] Input and output information may be stored in a specific location (for example, memory) or may be managed using a management table. Input and output information may be overwritten, updated, or added to. Output information may be deleted. Input information may be transmitted to another device.

[0084] In the present disclosure, the determination may be made by a value represented by one bit (0 or 1), by a Boolean value (true or false), or by a comparison of numerical values ​​(e.g., comparison with a predetermined value).

[0085] Software shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, threads of execution, procedures, functions, etc., whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise.

[0086] Software, instructions, information, etc. may also be transmitted or received over a transmission medium. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using wired technologies (such as coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)), and / or wireless technologies (such as infrared, microwave), then these wired and / or wireless technologies are included within the definition of transmission media.

[0087] The information, signals, etc. described in this disclosure may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc. that may be referred to throughout the above description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or photons, or any combination thereof.

[0088] Note that terms described in this disclosure and terms necessary for understanding this disclosure may be replaced with terms having the same or similar meanings. For example, at least one of a channel and a symbol may be a signal (signaling). Furthermore, a signal may be a message. Furthermore, a component carrier (CC) may be called a carrier frequency, a cell, a frequency carrier, etc.

[0089] As used in this disclosure, the terms "system" and "network" are used interchangeably.

[0090] Furthermore, the information, parameters, etc. described in the present disclosure may be expressed using absolute values, may be expressed using relative values ​​from a predetermined value, or may be expressed using other corresponding information. For example, a radio resource may be indicated by an index.

[0091] The names used for the above-described parameters are not intended to be limiting in any way. Furthermore, the mathematical expressions using these parameters may differ from those explicitly disclosed in this disclosure. The various channels (e.g., PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements may be identified by any suitable names, and therefore the various names assigned to these various channels and information elements are not intended to be limiting in any way.

[0092] In the present disclosure, terms such as "base station (BS)," "radio base station," "base station," "fixed station," "NodeB," "eNodeB (eNB)," "gNodeB (gNB)," "access point," "transmission point," "reception point," "transmission / reception point," "cell," "sector," "cell group," "carrier," and "component carrier" may be used interchangeably. A base station may also be referred to by terms such as a macrocell, a small cell, a femtocell, and a picocell.

[0093] A base station can accommodate one or more (e.g., three) cells. When a base station accommodates multiple cells, the overall coverage area of ​​the base station can be partitioned into multiple smaller areas, and each smaller area can also be provided with communication services by a base station subsystem (e.g., a small indoor base station (RRH: Remote Radio Head)). The terms "cell" or "sector" refer to part or all of the coverage area of ​​a base station and / or base station subsystem that provides communication services within that coverage.

[0094] In this disclosure, the terms "Mobile Station (MS)," "User Terminal," "User Equipment (UE)," "Terminal," etc. may be used interchangeably.

[0095] A mobile station may also be referred to by those skilled in the art as a subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handset, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other suitable terminology.

[0096] At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be referred to as a transmitting device, a receiving device, a communication device, etc. At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device mounted on a mobile body, the mobile body itself, etc. The mobile body may be a vehicle (e.g., a car, an airplane, etc.), an unmanned mobile body (e.g., a drone, an autonomous vehicle, etc.), or a robot (manned or unmanned). At least one of the base station and the mobile station may also include devices that do not necessarily move during communication operations. For example, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be an IoT (Internet of Things) device such as a sensor.

[0097] For example, the terms "uplink channel" and "downlink channel" may be replaced with "side channel."

[0098] Similarly, the user terminal in the present disclosure may be read as a base station, in which case the base station may be configured to have the functions of the user terminal described above.

[0099] As used in this disclosure, the terms "determining" and "determining" may encompass a wide variety of actions. "Determining" and "determining" may include, for example, judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up, searching, inquiring (e.g., searching in a table, database, or other data structure), ascertaining, and the like. "Determining" and "determining" may also include receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., sending information), input, output, accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory), and the like. Furthermore, "judgment" and "decision" can include regarding resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, comparing, etc. as having been "judged" or "decided." In other words, "judgment" and "decision" can include regarding some action as having been "judged" or "decided." Furthermore, "judgment (decision)" can be interpreted as "assuming," "expecting," "considering," etc.

[0100] The terms "connected," "coupled," or any variation thereof, refer to any direct or indirect connection or coupling between two or more elements, and may include the presence of one or more intermediate elements between two elements that are "connected" or "coupled" to each other. The coupling or connection between elements may be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. For example, "connected" may be read as "access." As used in this disclosure, two elements may be considered to be "connected" or "coupled" to each other using one or more wires, cables, and / or printed electrical connections, as well as electromagnetic energy having wavelengths in the radio frequency range, microwave range, and optical (both visible and invisible) range, as some non-limiting and non-exhaustive examples.

[0101] The reference signal may be abbreviated as RS (Reference Signal) or may be called a pilot depending on the applicable standard.

[0102] As used in this disclosure, the phrase "based on" does not mean "based only on," unless expressly stated otherwise. In other words, the phrase "based on" means both "based only on" and "based at least on."

[0103] As used in this disclosure, any reference to an element using a designation such as "first," "second," etc. does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient method of distinguishing between two or more elements. Thus, a reference to a first and a second element does not imply that only two elements may be employed or that the first element must in some way precede the second element.

[0104] The "means" in the configuration of each of the above devices may be replaced with "part," "circuit," "device," etc.

[0105] When the terms "include," "including," and variations thereof are used in this disclosure, these terms are intended to be inclusive, similar to the term "comprising." Furthermore, when the term "or" is used in this disclosure, it is not intended to be an exclusive or.

[0106] A radio frame may be composed of one or more frames in the time domain. Each of the one or more frames in the time domain may be called a subframe. A subframe may further be composed of one or more slots in the time domain. A subframe may have a fixed time length (e.g., 1 ms) that is independent of numerology.

[0107] Numerology may be communication parameters that apply to the transmission and / or reception of a signal or channel, such as subcarrier spacing (SCS), bandwidth, symbol length, cyclic prefix length, transmission time interval (TTI), number of symbols per TTI, radio frame structure, specific filtering operations performed by the transceiver in the frequency domain, specific windowing operations performed by the transceiver in the time domain, etc.

[0108] A slot may be composed of one or more symbols (such as an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol or a Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) symbol) in the time domain. A slot may be a time unit based on numerology.

[0109] A slot may include multiple minislots. Each minislot may consist of one or multiple symbols in the time domain. A minislot may also be called a subslot. A minislot may consist of fewer symbols than a slot. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in a time unit larger than a minislot may be called PDSCH (or PUSCH) mapping type A. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using a minislot may be called PDSCH (or PUSCH) mapping type B.

[0110] The radio frame, subframe, slot, minislot, and symbol all represent time units for transmitting signals, and may be referred to by other names corresponding to the radio frame, subframe, slot, minislot, and symbol.

[0111] For example, one subframe may be called a transmission time interval (TTI), multiple consecutive subframes may be called a TTI, or one slot or one minislot may be called a TTI. That is, at least one of the subframe and the TTI may be a subframe (1 ms) in existing LTE, a period shorter than 1 ms (for example, 1-13 symbols), or a period longer than 1 ms. Note that the unit representing the TTI may be called a slot, minislot, etc. instead of a subframe.

[0112] Here, TTI refers to, for example, the smallest time unit for scheduling in wireless communication. For example, in an LTE system, a base station performs scheduling to allocate wireless resources (such as frequency bandwidth and transmission power that can be used by each terminal 20) to each terminal 20 in TTI units. Note that the definition of TTI is not limited to this.

[0113] The TTI may be a transmission time unit for a channel-encoded data packet (transport block), a code block, a code word, etc., or may be a processing unit for scheduling, link adaptation, etc. When a TTI is given, the time interval (e.g., the number of symbols) to which a transport block, a code block, a code word, etc. is actually mapped may be shorter than the TTI.

[0114] When one slot or one minislot is called a TTI, one or more TTIs (i.e., one or more slots or one or more minislots) may be the minimum time unit for scheduling. Also, the number of slots (minislots) constituting the minimum time unit for scheduling may be controlled.

[0115] A TTI having a time length of 1 ms may be called a regular TTI (TTI in LTE Rel. 8-12), normal TTI, long TTI, regular subframe, normal subframe, long subframe, slot, etc. A TTI shorter than a regular TTI may be called a shortened TTI, short TTI, partial or fractional TTI, shortened subframe, short subframe, minislot, subslot, slot, etc.

[0116] In addition, a long TTI (e.g., a normal TTI, a subframe, etc.) may be interpreted as a TTI having a time length of more than 1 ms, and a short TTI (e.g., a shortened TTI, etc.) may be interpreted as a TTI having a TTI length shorter than the TTI length of a long TTI and greater than or equal to 1 ms.

[0117] A resource block (RB) is a resource allocation unit in the time domain and the frequency domain, and may include one or more consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. The number of subcarriers included in an RB may be the same regardless of the numerology, for example, 12. The number of subcarriers included in an RB may be determined based on the numerology.

[0118] The time domain of an RB may include one or more symbols and may have a length of one slot, one minislot, one subframe, or one TTI. One TTI, one subframe, etc. may each be composed of one or more resource blocks.

[0119] Note that one or more RBs may also be called a physical resource block (PRB), a sub-carrier group (SCG), a resource element group (REG), a PRB pair, an RB pair, etc.

[0120] Furthermore, a resource block may be composed of one or more resource elements (REs). For example, one RE may be a radio resource region of one subcarrier and one symbol.

[0121] A Bandwidth Part (BWP) (which may also be referred to as a fractional bandwidth) may represent a subset of contiguous common resource blocks (RBs) for a given numerology on a given carrier, where the common RBs may be identified by their index relative to a Common Reference Point of the carrier. PRBs may be defined in a BWP and numbered within the BWP.

[0122] The BWP may include a BWP for UL (UL BWP) and a BWP for DL ​​(DL BWP). One or more BWPs may be set for the terminal 20 within one carrier.

[0123] At least one of the configured BWPs may be active, and the terminal 20 may not expect to transmit or receive a predetermined signal / channel outside the active BWP. Note that the terms "cell," "carrier," and the like in this disclosure may be read as "BWP."

[0124] The above-described structures of radio frames, subframes, slots, minislots, symbols, etc. are merely examples, and various changes may be made to the number of subframes included in a radio frame, the number of slots per subframe or radio frame, the number of minislots included in a slot, the number of symbols and RBs included in a slot or minislot, the number of subcarriers included in an RB, the number of symbols in a TTI, the symbol length, the cyclic prefix (CP) length, etc.

[0125] In this disclosure, where articles are added by translation, such as a, an, and the in English, the disclosure may include that the nouns following these articles are in the plural form.

[0126] In the present disclosure, the term "A and B are different" may mean "A and B are different from each other." The term may also mean "A and B are each different from C." Terms such as "separate" and "coupled" may also be interpreted in the same way as "different."

[0127] The aspects / embodiments described in this disclosure may be used alone, in combination, or switched depending on the implementation. Notification of predetermined information (e.g., notification that "X is true") is not limited to explicit notification, but may be implicit (e.g., not notifying the predetermined information).

[0128] Although the present disclosure has been described in detail above, it is clear to those skilled in the art that the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described herein. The present disclosure can be implemented in modified and altered forms without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure as defined by the claims. Therefore, the description of the present disclosure is intended to be illustrative and does not have any limiting meaning on the present disclosure.

[0129] 10 3GPP network system 110 Transmitter 120 Receiver 130 Setting unit 140 Controller 20 Terminal 21 AIML enablement client 22 VAL client 210 Transmitter 220 Receiver 230 Setting unit 240 Controller 30 AIML enablement server 40 VAL server 1001 Processor 1002 Storage device 1003 Auxiliary storage device 1004 Communication device 1005 Input device 1006 Output device 2001 Vehicle 2002 Drive unit 2003 Steering unit 2004 Accelerator pedal 2005 Brake pedal 2006 Shift lever 2007 Front wheels 2008 Rear wheels 2009 Axle 2010 Electronic control unit 2012 Information service unit 2013 Communication module 2021 Current sensor 2022 Revolution speed sensor 2023 Air pressure sensor 2024 Vehicle speed sensor 2025 Acceleration sensor 2026 Brake pedal sensor 2027 Shift lever sensor 2028 Object detection sensor 2029 Accelerator pedal sensor 2030 Driving assistance system unit 2031 Microprocessor 2032 Memory (ROM, RAM) 2033 Communication port (IO port)

Claims

1. A consumer server comprising: a transmitting unit that transmits an update request for an AI / ML (Artificial Intelligence / Machine Learning) model to a repository server that stores the AI / ML model; and a receiving unit that receives a response from the repository server indicating whether the update of the AI / ML model was successful based on the update request.

2. The consumer server of claim 1, wherein the update request includes information identifying the consumer server sending the update request.

3. A repository server comprising: a memory unit that stores an AI / ML (Artificial Intelligence / Machine Learning) model; a receiving unit that receives an update request for the AI / ML model stored in the repository server from a consumer server; and a control unit that updates the AI / ML model stored in the memory unit based on the update request.

4. The repository server according to claim 3, further comprising a sending unit that sends a response to the consumer server indicating whether the update of the AI / ML model was successful.

5. A communication method for updating an AI / ML (Artificial Intelligence / Machine Learning) model, comprising the steps of: sending an update request for the AI / ML model stored in a repository server from a consumer server to the repository server; updating the AI / ML model stored in the repository server based on the update request; and sending a response indicating whether the update of the AI / ML model was successful from the repository server to the consumer server.

6. A communication system comprising a repository server and a consumer server, wherein the repository server stores an AI / ML (Artificial Intelligence / Machine Learning) model, the consumer server sends an update request for the AI / ML model stored in the repository server to the repository server, the repository server updates the AI / ML model stored in the repository server based on the update request, and sends a response indicating whether the update of the AI / ML model was successful to the consumer server.

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