Device and communication method

Abstract

A device according to the present invention has a lower complexity than a narrow band-Internet of Things (NB-IoT) device, and comprises: a control unit that determines a first band for downlink reception and a second band for uplink transmission on the basis of information provided from a network; a reception unit that performs downlink reception using the first band; and a transmission unit that performs uplink transmission using the second band.

Description

Device and communication method

[0001] The present disclosure relates to devices and communication methods.

[0002] For NR (New Radio) (also known as "5G"), the successor system to LTE (Long Term Evolution), technologies that satisfy requirements such as a large-capacity system, high-speed data transmission speed, low latency, simultaneous connection of a large number of terminals, low cost, and low power consumption are being considered (for example, Non-Patent Document 1).

[0003] Furthermore, 3GPP (registered trademark) Release 18 is considering Ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 2). Ambient IoT targets devices with extremely simple configurations for low-end IoT applications that operate with extremely low power consumption.

[0004] 3GPP TS 38.300 V17.3.0 (2022-12)"Revised SID on Ambient IoT", RP-232404, 3GPP TSG RAN Meeting #101, September 20233GPP TR 38.848 V1.0.0 (2023-09)3GPP TS 36.211 V16.7.0 (2021-09)" New SID: Study on solutions for Ambient IoT (Internet of Things) in NR ", RP-234058, 3GPP TSG RAN Meeting #102, December 2023

[0005] However, there has been insufficient research into carriers from intermediate nodes (also called "relay nodes"), carriers for backscatter transmissions from ambient IoT devices, and the relationship between these carriers and other signals, and further research is needed.

[0006] One aspect of the present disclosure is to provide a device and a communication method that can communicate appropriately in a communication system including an ambient IoT device.

[0007] A device according to one aspect of the present disclosure is a device of lower complexity than a Narrow Band-Internet of Things (NB-IoT) device, and includes a control unit that determines a first band for downlink reception and a second band for uplink transmission based on information provided from a network, a receiving unit that performs downlink reception using the first band, and a transmitting unit that performs uplink transmission using the second band.

[0008] 1 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment. FIG. 2 is a diagram explaining topology 1. FIG. 3 is a diagram explaining topology 2. FIG. 4 is a diagram explaining backscatter transmission. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a communication flow of DT in topology 1. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a communication flow of DO-DTT in topology 1. FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a communication flow of DT in topology 2. FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a communication flow of DO-DTT in topology 2. FIG. 9 is a diagram showing types of carrier waveforms. FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of a base station according to an embodiment. FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of a device according to an embodiment. FIG. 12 is a diagram showing an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and a device according to an embodiment. FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a vehicle.

[0009] Hereinafter, an embodiment according to one aspect of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the drawings. Note that the embodiment described below is an example, and the embodiment to which the present disclosure is applied is not limited to the following embodiment.

[0010] In the operation of the wireless communication system according to the embodiment of the present disclosure, existing technologies are used as appropriate. However, the existing technologies are, for example, but not limited to, existing LTE. Furthermore, the term "LTE" as used in this specification has a broad meaning including LTE-Advanced and systems subsequent to LTE-Advanced (e.g., NR) unless otherwise specified.

[0011] Furthermore, in the embodiments of the present disclosure described below, terms used in existing LTE, such as SS (Synchronization signal), PSS (Primary SS), SSS (Secondary SS), PBCH (Physical broadcast channel), PRACH (Physical random access channel), PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel), PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Channel), PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel), and PUSCH (Physical Uplink Shared Channel), are used. This is for convenience of description, and similar signals, functions, etc. may be referred to by other names. Furthermore, the above-mentioned terms in NR correspond to NR-SS, NR-PSS, NR-SSS, NR-PBCH, NR-PRACH, etc. However, even signals used in NR are not necessarily referred to as "NR-".

[0012] Furthermore, in the embodiments of the present disclosure, the duplex method may be a time division duplex (TDD) method, a frequency division duplex (FDD) method, or another method (for example, flexible duplex, etc.).

[0013] Furthermore, in the embodiments of the present disclosure, "configuring" radio parameters and the like may mean that predetermined values ​​are pre-configured, or that radio parameters notified from a base station or a terminal including a device are set.

[0014] Furthermore, in the embodiments of the present disclosure, the notation " / " may mean "and / or" unless otherwise specified.

[0015] In addition, in the embodiments of the present disclosure, the expression "notification" may be read as the expression "instruction."

[0016] In addition, in the embodiments of the present disclosure, the expression "bandwidth portion (BWP)" may be read as "band."

[0017] <System Configuration> Fig. 1 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment. As shown in Fig. 1, the wireless communication system includes a base station 10 and a device 20. Although Fig. 1 shows one base station 10 and one device 20, this is an example, and there may be a plurality of each. The device 20 may be an ambient IoT device.

[0018] The base station 10 is a communication device that provides one or more cells and performs wireless communication with the device 20. The physical resources of a wireless signal are defined in the time domain and the frequency domain. The time domain may be defined by the number of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols. The frequency domain may be defined by the number of subcarriers or the number of resource blocks.

[0019] The base station 10 transmits a synchronization signal and system information to the device 20. The base station 10 transmits a control signal and data to the device 20 via DL (Downlink). The base station 10 receives a control signal and data from the device 20 via UL (Uplink).

[0020] As will be discussed below, a wireless communication system may also include intermediate nodes (see Device Types and Topologies below).

[0021] <Ambient IoT> Release-18 approved a study on ambient IoT, which is even lower-end than the existing Narrow Band IoT (NB-IoT: see, for example, Section 10 of Non-Patent Document 4) (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 2). Ambient IoT targets ultra-low power consumption and ultra-low complexity devices.

[0022] For Ambient IoT, for example, the following deployment scenarios and characteristics can be considered for the relevant use cases: Indoor or outdoor environment Base station type, e.g., macro / micro / pico cell-based deployment Connectivity topology, e.g., which nodes communicate with Ambient IoT devices, such as base stations, terminals (UE), relays, and repeaters Duplexing method, TDD or FDD, licensed or unlicensed frequency band Coexistence with UE and network equipment in frequency bands for existing 3GPP technologies Assumptions of traffic originating from / terminating to the device

[0023] Based on the above deployment scenarios and characteristics, for example, the following RAN design targets can be formulated: Power consumption Complexity Coverage Data rate Positioning accuracy

[0024] Based on deployment scenarios appropriate for the relevant use cases, compare and evaluate the feasibility of meeting design targets and identify supporting features.

[0025] <Device Types and Topologies> Based on the results of the study item, TR 38.848 (Non-Patent Document 3) was approved. TR 38.848 considers the following categories of ambient IoT devices: Device A: Device A does not have energy storage and does not have independent signal generation and signal amplification functions. Device A performs backscattering transmission. Device B: Device B has power storage and does not have independent signal generation functions. Device B performs backscattering transmission. Device B uses the stored power to amplify the reflected signal. Device C: Device C has power storage and has independent signal generation functions. That is, Device C has an active RF component for transmission.

[0026] The complexity of device A is assumed to be about the same as that of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID).

[0027] TR 38.848 defines the following topology for ambient IoT networks:

[0028] Figure 2 is a diagram illustrating Topology 1. As shown in Figure 2, Topology 1 is a configuration in which a base station (BS) and an ambient IoT device communicate with each other. The ambient IoT device communicates directly with the base station in both directions.

[0029] Figure 3 is a diagram illustrating Topology 2. As shown in Figure 3, Topology 2 is a configuration in which a base station and an ambient IoT device communicate via an intermediate node. The ambient IoT device performs bidirectional communication with the intermediate node located between the base station and the ambient IoT device. The intermediate node may be, for example, a relay, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a UE, or a repeater.

[0030] In the above Topologies 1 and 2, the ambient IoT device may be provided with a carrier wave from another node inside or outside the topology (Section 4.2.1 of Non-Patent Document 3).

[0031] Backscatter Transmission: Base stations and intermediate nodes transmit RF signals to ambient IoT devices, which are activated and obtain power from the RF operating field from the base stations and intermediate nodes via inductive coupling.

[0032] The ambient IoT device backscatters and modulates the RF signals received from the base station and the intermediate node by switching the reflection coefficient of its own antenna, and transmits information to the base station and the intermediate node.

[0033] FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating backscatter transmission. FIG. 4 shows an example in which an ambient IoT device transmits information by performing ON-OFF keying. The dashed line area in FIG. 4 indicates an OFF section, which may correspond to the information (bit) "0." A sine wave signal may correspond to the information "1."

[0034] Hereinafter, the network may include base stations and intermediate nodes. Hereinafter, the base stations and intermediate nodes may be referred to as network nodes. Ambient IoT may be referred to as A-IoT. A-IoT devices may be referred to as A-IoT UEs.

[0035] Carrier Waves: Base stations and intermediate nodes transmit carrier waves to ambient IoT devices, which are also used to provide energy to the ambient IoT devices.

[0036] Ambient IoT devices backscatter carrier waves onto which information is modulated. The waveform of the carrier wave used for backscatter transmission is also being considered, with the adoption of a (continuous) sine wave or a POW (power optimized waveform) being considered.

[0037] POW is a waveform designed to improve power efficiency. By using POW, the power efficiency of energy harvesting can be improved as the maximum input voltage increases. In other words, when the input is an RF waveform with a larger amplitude, using POW results in greater efficiency.

[0038] Compared to a sine wave, POW produces bursts with higher peak power, thus providing higher power efficiency at the same average power.

[0039] Typical POWs include a sine wave (see below) with multiple subcarriers, an intermittent carrier wave, etc.

[0040] <Rel-19 Study Item Description (SID)> The Rel-19 SID examined necessary and feasible solutions for A-IoT (Section 4.1 of Non-Patent Document 5). The examined solutions include, for example, determining which functions, procedures, etc. are necessary and which functions, procedures, etc. are not.

[0041] Additionally, several issues for the DL and UL of A-IoT will be discussed under the leadership of RAN 1. One of the issues to be discussed is the scheduling and timing relationship between DL and UL in A-IoT. In discussing the scheduling and timing relationship, the following 1. traffic flow, 2. device assumptions, and 3. topology can be considered.

[0042] 1. Traffic flow The following DT and DO-DTT are being considered as traffic flows for A-IoT.

[0043] DT (device terminated) - Traffic includes transmission to the A-IoT UE (DL), but not transmission from the A-IoT UE (UL). In other words, there is information to be transmitted to the A-IoT UE, but no information to be transmitted from the A-IoT UE. DT corresponds to a command type, which includes instructions such as commands or instructions to the A-IoT UE.

[0044] DO-DTT (device originated-device terminated triggered) Traffic includes a trigger from the network (NW) and a transmission (UL) from the A-IoT UE. In other words, traffic includes information transmitted from the A-IoT UE. DO-DTT corresponds to, for example, a sensor information report type in which the A-IoT UE transmits sensor information collected by the A-IoT UE.

[0045] In this disclosure, transmitting information corresponds to transmitting a signal containing information or transmitting a signal. In this disclosure, transmitting to a certain device X corresponds to transmitting a signal (or information) to device X. In addition, transmitting from a certain device X and transmitting by a certain device X correspond to device X transmitting a signal (or information). In addition, receiving from a certain device X corresponds to receiving a signal (or information) transmitted by device X. In addition, receiving by a certain device X corresponds to device X receiving a signal (or information).

[0046] 2. Device Assumptions The following TX (transmission) and FR (frequency range) 1-FDD are assumed for A-IoT UE.

[0047] TX TX is an unamplified backscatter UL transmission or an amplified general UL transmission. Alternatively, an amplified backscatter UL transmission may be performed.

[0048] FR1-FDD: FR1-FDD is applied to the A-IoT UE. That is, the A-IoT UE can switch carrier frequencies between DL carriers and UL carriers. However, this disclosure is not limited to FR1-FDD and may be applied to TDD, FR2, or FR3.

[0049] The frequency bands of each FR are, for example, as follows: FR1: 410 MHz to 7.125 GHz FR2: 24.25 GHz to 52.6 GHz FR3: 7.125 GHz to 24.25 GHz

[0050] FR1 may use a sub-carrier spacing (SCS) of 15 kHz, 30 kHz, or 60 kHz, and a bandwidth (BW) of 5 to 100 MHz. FR2 is a higher frequency than FR1, and may use an SCS of 60 kHz or 120 kHz (including 240 kHz), and a bandwidth (BW) of 50 to 400 MHz.

[0051] 3. Topology Among the topologies, Topology 1 and Topology 2 are of interest.

[0052] In Topology 1, UL and / or DL ​​communication is performed between a base station and an A-IoT UE without an intermediate node. Note that the base station in Topology 1 may correspond to a microcell.

[0053] In Topology 2, communication is performed between a base station and an A-IoT UE via an intermediate node. The A-IoT UE performs bidirectional communication with the intermediate node located between the base station and the A-IoT UE. Note that the base station in Topology 2 may correspond to a macrocell. The Topology 2 case may also be applied to indoor cases. Hereinafter, the intermediate node may be referred to as int. UE (intermediate UE).

[0054] <Communication Flow> The signal design for A-IoT UEs may be designed to be common between Topology 1 and Topology 2. In order to have a common signal design for A-IoT UEs, the communication flows of DT and DO-DTT in Topology 1 and Topology 2 can be considered. The following four communication flows can be assumed as the communication flows of DT and DO-DTT in Topology 1 and Topology 2.

[0055] As shown in the four communication flows 1 to 4 below, the A-IoT UE wakes up in step 1 and receives information in step 2. The information received by the A-IoT UE may be interpreted as a signal.

[0056] Also, as shown in the communication flows in 2 and 4 below, the A-IoT UE transmits a signal in step 3. The signal transmitted by the A-IoT UE may be interpreted as information.

[0057] 1. DT Communication Flow in Topology 1 Figure 5 is a diagram showing the DT communication flow in Topology 1. Figure 5 shows the flow of signals between the base station and the A-IoT UE. Note that the communication flow shown in Figure 5 is a DT communication flow, so there is information transmission from the base station to the A-IoT UE, but there is no information transmission from the A-IoT UE to the base station.

[0058] The communication flow of DT in Topology 1 is assumed to involve the following two steps:

[0059] Step 1: The A-IoT UE wakes up by a carrier waveform signal transmitted from the base station (step 1 is not shown). Step 2: The A-IoT UE receives information from the base station.

[0060] Step 1 is initiated, for example, when a packet occurs in the application layer of the base station (corresponding to "Packet arrival" shown in Figure 5) (the same applies to step 1 described in Figures 6, 7 and 8).

[0061] The A-IoT UE may be woken up by a signal (e.g., a radio frequency signal (RF) signal) transmitted from a source other than a base station. Here, the signal transmitted from a source other than a base station may correspond to an energy source that supplies energy to the A-IoT UE. The term "carrier waveform" may be replaced with "carrier wave."

[0062] 2. DO-DTT Communication Flow in Topology 1 Figure 6 shows the DO-DTT communication flow in Topology 1. Figure 6 shows the signal flow between the base station and the A-IoT UE. Note that the communication flow shown in Figure 6 is a DO-DTT communication flow, and therefore includes information transmission from the base station to the A-IoT UE and information transmission from the A-IoT UE to the base station.

[0063] The DO-DTT communication flow in Topology 1 is assumed to involve the following three steps:

[0064] Step 1: The A-IoT UE wakes up with a carrier signal transmitted from the base station (step 1 is not shown). Step 2: The A-IoT UE receives information from the base station. Step 3: The A-IoT UE transmits a signal to the base station.

[0065] 3. DT Communication Flow in Topology 2 Figure 7 shows the DT communication flow in Topology 2. Figure 7 shows the signal flow between the base station, int. UE, and A-IoT UE. Note that the communication flow shown in Figure 7 is a DT communication flow, so there is information transmission to the A-IoT UE, but there is no information transmission from the A-IoT UE.

[0066] The communication flow of DT in Topology 2 is assumed to involve the following four steps:

[0067] Step 0: The int. UE receives a trigger from the base station to transmit a carrier signal to the A-IoT UE, and transmits a signal to the A-IoT UE based on the trigger (step 0 is not shown). Step 1: The A-IoT UE wakes up due to the carrier signal transmitted from the int. UE (step 1 is not shown). Step 2: The A-IoT UE receives information from the base station via the int. UE. Step X: The int. UE transmits a signal to the base station.

[0068] 4. DO-DTT Communication Flow in Topology 2 Figure 8 shows the DO-DTT communication flow in Topology 2. Figure 8 shows the signal flow between the base station, int. UE, and A-IoT UE. Note that the communication flow shown in Figure 8 is a DO-DTT communication flow, and therefore includes information transmission to the A-IoT UE and information transmission from the A-IoT UE.

[0069] In the DO-DTT communication flow in Topology 2, the following five-step communication flow is assumed.

[0070] Step 0: The int. UE receives a trigger from the base station to transmit a carrier signal to the A-IoT UE, and transmits a signal to the A-IoT UE based on the trigger (step 0 is not shown). Step 1: The A-IoT UE wakes up due to the carrier signal transmitted from the int. UE (step 1 is not shown). Step 2: The A-IoT UE receives information from the base station via the int. UE. Step 3: The A-IoT UE transmits a signal to the int. UE. Step X: The int. UE transmits a signal to the base station.

[0071] <Analysis> Analysis 1 As mentioned above, in Topology 2, the intermediate node transmits a carrier wave to the ambient IoT device. The network (base station) can control the transmission of the carrier wave of the intermediate node.

[0072] However, it is not clear so far what information an intermediate node needs to transmit a carrier wave.

[0073] For example, if the base station provides insufficient information to the intermediate node, the intermediate node will not be able to identify resources for transmitting carrier waves and will not be able to properly communicate with ambient IoT devices.

[0074] Therefore, in this disclosure, Proposal 1 proposes information necessary for an intermediate node to properly communicate with an ambient IoT device.

[0075] Analysis 2: According to the Rel-19 SID, ambient IoT devices use the FR1-FDD spectrum.

[0076] According to SID, transmissions from ambient IoT devices, including backscatter transmissions when in use, may use the UL spectrum.

[0077] The DL and UL bands may be used for carrier transmission from base stations / intermediate nodes to ambient IoT devices, backscatter transmission from ambient IoT devices, synchronization / control / data signals from base stations / intermediate nodes to ambient IoT devices, and active transmission from ambient IoT devices, respectively.

[0078] The intermediate node also needs to report to the base station the supported bands for each of carrier transmission, synchronization / control / data signal transmission, reception for backscatter transmission, and reception for active transmission.

[0079] Additionally, the bandwidth of the intermediate node for transmitting carrier waves, transmitting synchronization / control / data signals, receiving for backscatter transmissions, and receiving for active transmissions must be indicated to the intermediate node by the network.

[0080] Additionally, the ambient IoT device must report to the base station the bands it supports for carrier reception, synchronization / control / data signal reception, backscatter transmission, and active transmission.

[0081] Additionally, the bandwidth of ambient IoT devices for carrier reception, synchronization / control / data signal reception, backscatter transmission, and active transmission needs to be dictated by the network.

[0082] However, so far, the details of the reports on supported bandwidth and instructions on bandwidth usage have not been clarified.

[0083] Therefore, in this disclosure, Proposal 2 proposes reporting and instructions regarding the bandwidth (width) required for proper communication between an intermediate node and an ambient IoT device.

[0084] Analysis 3: The network (base station) can control the transmission power of the carrier waves transmitted by the intermediate nodes.

[0085] However, up to now, the details of the transmission power control of the carrier waves transmitted by the intermediate nodes have not been clarified.

[0086] Therefore, in the present disclosure, Proposal 3 proposes transmission power control of carrier waves transmitted by intermediate nodes.

[0087] <Proposal 1> Proposal 1 first clarifies the type of waveform of the carrier wave that the intermediate node transmits to the ambient IoT device, and then proposes the information (hereinafter referred to as "carrier wave information") necessary for the intermediate node to properly transmit the carrier wave to the ambient IoT device.

[0088] (Carrier Wave Type) The applicant sets the waveform type of the carrier wave that the intermediate node transmits to the ambient IoT device as follows.

[0089] Type 1: Contiguous symbols / single subcarrier / constant power Type 2: Contiguous symbols / multiple subcarriers / constant power (2a). Contiguous subcarriers (2b). Discontiguous subcarriers Type 3: Discontiguous symbols / single subcarrier / constant power Type 4: Discontiguous symbols / multiple subcarriers / constant power (4a). Contiguous subcarriers (4b). Discontiguous subcarriers Type 5: Contiguous symbols / single subcarrier / variable power Type 6: Contiguous symbols / multiple subcarriers / variable power (6a). Contiguous subcarriers (6b). Discontiguous subcarriers Type 7: Discontiguous symbols / single subcarrier / variable power Type 8: Discontiguous symbols / multiple subcarriers / variable power (8a). Contiguous subcarriers (8b). Discontiguous subcarriers

[0090] 9 and 10 are diagrams showing examples of each type. In Fig. 9 and Fig. 10, the horizontal axis represents time and the vertical axis represents frequency. In each diagram, RBs (Resource Blocks) marked in gray are resources used to transmit carrier waves.

[0091] The types of waveforms that the intermediate node can use may be predetermined by a specification, and the intermediate node may report the types of waveforms of carriers that it supports as UE capabilities to the base station.

[0092] The base station instructs the intermediate node on the type of carrier wave. One of the waveforms may be defined as a default waveform. For example, if a Type 1 waveform is defined as the default waveform, when the base station does not specify a waveform type to the intermediate node, the intermediate node uses the Type 1 waveform as the carrier wave waveform.

[0093] It should be noted that if one of the waveforms is defined as a default waveform and an intermediate node supports transmitting carrier waves to ambient IoT devices, the intermediate node must at least support the default waveform (e.g., Type 1 waveform).

[0094] The base station may not explicitly indicate the waveform type of the carrier wave to the intermediate node, but may indicate only the time domain resource / frequency domain resource / transmission power value for transmitting the carrier wave to the intermediate node. Hereinafter, the time domain resource for transmitting the carrier wave may be simply referred to as a "time resource," and the frequency domain resource for transmitting the carrier wave may be simply referred to as a "frequency resource."

[0095] For example, if a continuous-time resource is indicated, the intermediate node can infer that the carrier waveform is of type 1, 2, 5, or 6. On the other hand, if a discontinuous-time resource is indicated, the intermediate node can infer that the carrier waveform is of type 3, 4, 7, or 8.

[0096] Furthermore, when a single subcarrier is indicated, the intermediate node can estimate that the carrier waveform is one of types 1, 3, 5, or 7. On the other hand, when multiple subcarriers are indicated, the intermediate node can estimate that the carrier waveform is one of types 2, 4, 6, or 8. Furthermore, when multiple contiguous subcarriers are indicated, the intermediate node can estimate that the carrier waveform is one of types 2a, 4a, 6a, or 8a. On the other hand, when multiple discontinuous subcarriers are indicated, the intermediate node can estimate that the carrier waveform is one of types 2b, 4b, 6b, or 8b.

[0097] Furthermore, if a single power value is indicated, the intermediate node can infer that the carrier waveform is one of types 1, 2, 3, or 4. On the other hand, if multiple power values ​​are indicated, the intermediate node can infer that the carrier waveform is one of types 5, 6, 7, or 8.

[0098] In either case, the information of (1) time resources, (2) frequency resources, (3) transmission power values, and (4) spatial domain filters is instructed from the base station to the intermediate node or is predefined by specifications.

[0099] (Information for Type 1 Waveform) Hereinafter, the contents of each piece of information for Type 1, (1) time resource, (2) frequency resource, (3) transmission power value, and (4) spatial domain filter, will be described.

[0100] (1) Time resource: Start time (symbol / slot / subframe / etc.); Number of time units (symbol / slot / subframe / etc.); (2) Frequency resource: Single subcarrier; (3) Transmission power value; (4) Spatial domain filter; TCI (Transmission Configuration Indication) state or QCL (Quasi Co Location) resource: RS ID, beam ID, DL RS ID, UL RS ID.

[0101] (Information for Type 2a Waveform) In Type 2a, the information on (1) time resources, (3) transmission power values, and (4) spatial domain filters is the same as that of Type 1, and therefore description thereof will be omitted. Below, the contents of the information on (2) frequency resources of Type 2a will be described.

[0102] (2) Frequency Resources Starting Subcarrier Number of Subcarriers (Variation 1) One starting RB may be indicated instead of the starting subcarrier. (Variation 2) One starting RB may be indicated instead of the starting subcarrier, and the number of consecutive RBs may be indicated instead of the number of subcarriers.

[0103] (Information for Type 2b Waveform) In Type 2b, the information on (1) time resources, (3) transmission power values, and (4) spatial domain filters is the same as that of Type 1, and therefore description thereof will be omitted. Below, the contents of the information on (2) frequency resources of Type 2b will be described.

[0104] (2) Frequency Resources - Multiple Subcarriers (Variation) Multiple RBs may be indicated instead of multiple subcarriers.

[0105] (Information for Type 3 Waveform) In Type 3, the information on (2) frequency resources, (3) transmission power values, and (4) spatial domain filters is the same as that in Type 1, and therefore description thereof will be omitted. Below, the contents of the information on (1) time resources in Type 3 will be described.

[0106] (1) Time Resources (Option 1) A plurality of time resources may be indicated, along with the start time and number of time units for each resource. (Option 2) A period defined by a start time and the number of time units, and a bitmap within the period may be indicated. Each bit in the bitmap is mapped to a respective time unit, and the intermediate node does not transmit a carrier wave in the time unit where the bit is set to "1" (or "0"), and transmits a carrier wave in the time unit where the bit is set to "0" (or "1"). (Option 3) A period defined by a start time and the number of time units may be indicated, and a periodic pattern may be indicated within the period where the intermediate node transmits a carrier wave at time T1 and stops transmitting a carrier wave at time T2.

[0107] (Information for Type 4a Waveform) In Type 4a, the information on (2) frequency resources, (3) transmission power values, and (4) spatial domain filters is common to Type 2a, and therefore not described here. Also, in Type 4a, the information on (1) time resources is common to Type 3, and therefore not described here.

[0108] (Information for Type 4b Waveform) In Type 4b, the information on (2) frequency resources, (3) transmission power values, and (4) spatial domain filters is common to Type 2b, and therefore not described here. Also, in Type 4b, the information on (1) time resources is common to Type 3, and therefore not described here.

[0109] (Information for Type 5 Waveform) In Type 5, the information on (2) frequency resources and (4) spatial domain filters is the same as that in Type 1, and therefore a description thereof will be omitted. Below, the contents of the information on (1) time resources and (3) transmission power values ​​in Type 5 will be described.

[0110] (1) Time Resources and (3) Transmission Power Values ​​(Option 1) A plurality of time resources may be indicated, and a start time, a number of time units, and a transmission power value for each resource may be indicated. (Option 2) A period defined by a start time and a number of time units, and a bitmap within the period may be indicated. Each bit of the bitmap is mapped to a respective time unit, and the intermediate node transmits a carrier wave at a transmission power value P1 during the time unit in which the bit is set to "1" (or "0"), and transmits a carrier wave at a transmission power value P2 during the time unit in which the bit is set to "0" (or "1"). (Option 3) A period defined by a start time and a number of time units may be indicated, and a periodic pattern may be indicated in which the intermediate node transmits a carrier wave at a transmission power value P1 at time T1 and at time T2, and transmits a carrier wave at a transmission power value P2 during the period.

[0111] (Information for Type 6a Waveform) In Type 6a, the information on (2) frequency resources and (4) spatial domain filters is common to Type 2a, and therefore not described here. Also, in Type 6a, the information on (1) time resources and (3) transmission power values ​​is common to Type 5, and therefore not described here.

[0112] (Information for Type 6b Waveform) In Type 6b, the information on (2) frequency resources and (4) spatial domain filters is common to Type 2b, and therefore not described here. In addition, the information on (1) time resources and (3) transmission power values ​​is common to Type 5, and therefore not described here.

[0113] (Information for Type 7 Waveform) In Type 7, the information on (2) frequency resources and (4) spatial domain filters is the same as that in Type 1, and therefore a description thereof will be omitted. Below, the contents of the information on (1) time resources and (3) transmission power values ​​in Type 3 will be described.

[0114] (1) Time resources and (3) transmission power values ​​(Option 1) A plurality of time resources may be indicated, along with a start time, a number of time units, and a transmission power value for each resource. (Option 2) A period of time based on the start time and the number of time units may be indicated, and a periodic pattern may be indicated in which the intermediate node transmits a carrier wave at a transmission power value P1 at time T1, stops transmitting the carrier wave at time T2, transmits the carrier wave at a transmission power value P2 at time T3, and stops transmitting the carrier wave at time T4.

[0115] (Information for Type 8a Waveform) In Type 8a, the information on (2) frequency resources and (4) spatial domain filters is common to Type 4a, and therefore not described here. Also, in Type 8a, the information on (1) time resources and (3) transmission power values ​​is common to Type 7, and therefore not described here.

[0116] (Information for Type 8b Waveform) In Type 8b, the information on (2) frequency resources and (4) spatial domain filters is common to Type 4b, and therefore not described here. In addition, the information on (1) time resources and (3) transmission power values ​​is common to Type 7, and therefore not described here.

[0117] (Variations on Carriers) The specification may pre-define multiple time / frequency resources for transmitting each type of carrier. The intermediate node will use these resources to transmit the carrier. This can be used when the ambient IoT device randomly selects resources for UL transmission.

[0118] The specification may predefine the relationships between multiple time / frequency resources, such as: - Multiple resources are contiguous; - Multiple resources are non-contiguous, with a pre-defined gap (non-transmission period) between every two resources; - Multiple resources have a common number of time units / number of frequency units / transmission power value / spatial domain filter.

[0119] The frequency resource may be indicated as an absolute frequency location, an offset relative to a reference point, or an offset relative to another signal (e.g., a signal between a base station and an intermediate node, a signal between an intermediate node and an ambient IoT device).

[0120] The time resource may be indicated as an absolute value of the time position, an offset relative to a reference point, or an offset relative to another signal (e.g., a signal between a base station and an intermediate node, a signal between an intermediate node and an ambient IoT device).

[0121] Periodic time / frequency resources may be configured by higher layer parameters (e.g. RRC), in which case the periodicity needs to be indicated.

[0122] Semi-static time / frequency resources may be configured by higher layer parameters (e.g. RRC), may be activated / deactivated by higher layers (e.g. MAC CE), or may be triggered by physical layer signaling (e.g. DCI), in which case the periodicity needs to be indicated.

[0123] Aperiodic time / frequency resources may be indicated by the physical layer (eg, DCI).

[0124] The time / frequency resources may be indicated explicitly or implicitly, for example in relation to other DL receptions.

[0125] Some parameters may be defined in the specification, such as the number of time units, the number of frequency units, etc.

[0126] The above carrier wave information is also provided to the ambient IoT device. The carrier wave information may be notified to the ambient IoT device from the base station / intermediate node, may be pre-configured in the ambient IoT device at the time of shipment, or may be pre-defined in the specifications.

[0127] (Effects of Proposal 1) The above proposal allows intermediate nodes to have the information necessary to properly communicate with ambient IoT devices, thereby enabling proper communication in a communication system including ambient IoT devices.

[0128] In Proposal 1, we have described the application to ambient IoT devices that do not have independent signal generation capabilities and perform backscatter transmission, but the present disclosure is not limited to this and can also be applied to devices that have independent signal generation capabilities and generate signal waveforms.

[0129] <Proposal 2> Proposal 2 first clarifies the bandwidth used for transmission / reception (hereinafter referred to as "used bandwidth") for each device, and proposes reporting on the supported bandwidth (width) and instructions on the used bandwidth (width). Note that in Proposal 2, "instruction" can be read as setting or notification.

[0130] (Bandwidth used by ambient IoT devices) Ambient IoT devices receive / transmit using either the UL band (band used by intermediate nodes as terminals for UL transmission) or the DL band (band used by intermediate nodes as terminals for DL ​​reception) using one of the following Alts (Alternations):

[0131] (Alt. 1) Ambient IoT devices receive using the UL band and transmit using the UL band.

[0132] (Alt. 2) Ambient IoT devices receive using the DL band and transmit using the UL band. With Alt. 3, the transmit and receive behavior of ambient IoT devices becomes identical to that of terminals.

[0133] (Alt. 3) Ambient IoT devices receive using the UL band and transmit using the DL band. Note that, in the case of Topology 2, if Alt. 3 is applied, when using existing terminals as intermediate nodes, the terminals can receive using the DL band and transmit using the UL band between the ambient IoT devices, just like the base station, so changes to the terminal's transmission and reception behavior can be minimized.

[0134] (Alt. 4) Ambient IoT devices receive using the DL band and transmit using the DL band.

[0135] The bands used for receiving / transmitting by the ambient IoT device (UL band or DL ​​band of any of the above Alts) may be pre-configured by the network. In this case, the ambient IoT device receives on pre-configured band X and transmits on pre-configured band Y, where band X and band Y are different bands.

[0136] The bands used for reception / transmission of an ambient IoT device may be fixed, i.e., predefined by a specification. In this case, the ambient IoT device receives on a fixed band X and transmits on a fixed band Y, where band X and band Y are different bands.

[0137] The above Alt can be applied to both Topology 1 and Topology 2. Also, different Alt plans may be applied to Topology 1 and Topology 2.

[0138] These proposed Alts are applicable to carrier reception, synchronization / control / data signal reception, backscatter transmission, and active transmission. Note that different Alts may apply to different reception / transmission types.

[0139] (Band used by intermediate node) In relation to the transmission / reception behavior of the ambient IoT device, the intermediate node receives / transmits using the UL band or DL ​​band using one of the following Alts.

[0140] (Alt. a) When an ambient IoT device transmits / receives as described in Alt. 1 above, the intermediate node receives using the UL band and transmits using the UL band.

[0141] (Alt. b) When an ambient IoT device transmits / receives as described above in Alt. 2, the intermediate node receives using the UL band and transmits using the DL band.

[0142] (Alt. c) When an ambient IoT device transmits / receives as described in Alt. 3 above, the intermediate node receives using the DL band and transmits using the UL band.

[0143] (Alt. d) When an ambient IoT device transmits / receives as described in Alt. 4 above, the intermediate node receives using the DL band and transmits using the DL band.

[0144] The bands used for reception / transmission of the intermediate node (UL band or DL ​​band of any of the above Alts) may be preset by the network. In this case, the intermediate node receives in the preset band X and transmits in the preset band Y. Band X and band Y are different bands.

[0145] The bands used for reception / transmission of the intermediate node may be fixed, e.g., predefined by a specification. In this case, the intermediate node receives on a fixed band X and transmits on a fixed band Y, where band X and band Y are different bands.

[0146] These proposed Alts are applicable to carrier transmission, synchronization / control / data signal transmission, reception of backscattered transmissions from ambient IoT devices, and reception of active transmissions from ambient IoT devices, although different Alts may apply to different reception / transmission types.

[0147] (Bandwidth used by base station) In relation to the transmission / reception behavior of ambient IoT devices, the base station receives / transmits using the UL band or DL ​​band using one of the following Alts.

[0148] (Alt. a) When an ambient IoT device transmits / receives as described in Alt. 1 above, the base station receives in the UL band and transmits in the UL band.

[0149] (Alt. b) When an ambient IoT device transmits / receives as described in Alt. 2 above, the base station receives in the UL band and transmits in the DL band.

[0150] (Alt. c) When an ambient IoT device transmits / receives as described in Alt. 3 above, the base station receives in the DL band and transmits in the UL band.

[0151] (Alt. d) When an ambient IoT device transmits / receives as described in Alt. 4 above, the base station receives in the DL band and transmits in the DL band.

[0152] The bands used for reception / transmission by a base station may be fixed, e.g., predefined by a specification. In this case, the base station receives on a fixed band X and transmits on a fixed band Y, where band X and band Y are different bands.

[0153] These proposed Alts are applicable to carrier transmission, synchronization / control / data signal transmission, reception of backscattered transmissions from ambient IoT devices, and reception of active transmissions from ambient IoT devices, although different Alts may apply to different reception / transmission types.

[0154] (Transmission Capabilities of Intermediate Node) The intermediate node can report the following capabilities regarding the transmission of carrier waves and synchronization / control / data signals to the ambient IoT device to the base station: (1) Whether the intermediate node supports transmission of carrier waves in the DL band (2) Whether the intermediate node supports transmission of carrier waves in the UL band (3) Whether the intermediate node supports transmission of synchronization / control / data signals in the DL band (4) Whether the intermediate node supports transmission of synchronization / control / data signals in the UL band (5) Supported band of the intermediate node for carrier wave transmission (e.g., X MHz to Y MHz) (6) Supported band of the intermediate node for transmission of synchronization / control / data signals (e.g., X MHz to Y MHz) (7) Subcarrier spacing supported by the intermediate node

[0155] (Variations) Whether an intermediate node supports transmitting a carrier wave in the DL band or transmitting a carrier wave in the UL band may be predefined as a default capability, i.e., if the intermediate node supports transmitting a carrier wave to an ambient IoT device, the intermediate node must support transmitting a carrier wave in at least one of the DL band and the UL band.

[0156] Whether an intermediate node supports transmitting synchronization / control / data signals in the DL band or transmitting synchronization / control / data signals in the UL band may be predefined as a default capability, i.e., if the intermediate node supports transmitting synchronization / control / data signals to the ambient IoT device, the intermediate node must support transmitting synchronization / control / data signals in at least one of the DL band and the UL band.

[0157] If an intermediate node supports transmitting a carrier and / or transmitting synchronization / control / data signals to ambient IoT devices in DL bands, then the intermediate node may be assumed to support transmitting a carrier and / or transmitting synchronization / control / data signals to ambient IoT devices in DL bands supported by the intermediate node for reception from a base station.

[0158] If an intermediate node supports transmitting carrier waves and / or synchronization / control / data signals to ambient IoT devices in the DL band, it may be assumed that the intermediate node also supports transmitting carrier waves and / or synchronization / control / data signals to ambient IoT devices at the same subcarrier spacing supported by the intermediate node for reception from the base station.

[0159] If an intermediate node supports transmitting carriers and / or synchronization / control / data signals to ambient IoT devices in the UL band, it may be assumed that the intermediate node also supports transmitting carriers and / or synchronization / control / data transmissions to ambient IoT devices at the same subcarrier spacing supported by the intermediate node for transmissions to base stations.

[0160] The intermediate node may be assumed to support the same band for transmitting carrier waves and synchronization / control / data signals to the ambient IoT devices.

[0161] Intermediate nodes may be assumed to support the same subcarrier spacing for transmitting carriers and synchronization / control / data signals to ambient IoT devices.

[0162] The subcarrier spacing for transmissions to ambient IoT devices supported by intermediate nodes may be the same as or different from the subcarrier spacing for transmissions to base stations, e.g., the subcarrier spacing for transmissions to base stations may be 15 kHz and the subcarrier spacing for transmissions to ambient IoT devices may be 7.5 kHz (or 3.75 kHz).

[0163] (Reception Capabilities of Intermediate Node) An intermediate node can report the following capabilities related to reception of backscatter transmissions or active transmissions from an ambient IoT device to the base station: (1) Whether the intermediate node supports reception of backscatter transmissions in the DL band, (2) Whether the intermediate node supports reception of backscatter transmissions in the UL band, (3) Whether the intermediate node supports reception of active transmissions in the DL band, (4) Whether the intermediate node supports reception of active transmissions in the UL band, (5) The intermediate node's supported band for reception of backscatter transmissions (e.g., X MHz to Y MHz), (6) The intermediate node's supported band for reception of active transmissions (e.g., X MHz to Y MHz), (7) Whether the intermediate node supports transmission of a carrier wave to an ambient IoT device and reception of backscatter transmissions from the ambient IoT device in the same band, and (8) If the above (7) is supported, the frequency gap supported by the intermediate node between transmission of a carrier wave and reception of backscatter transmissions. (9) Whether the intermediate node supports transmitting carrier waves to the ambient IoT device and receiving backscattered transmissions from the ambient IoT device in the same band and the same frequency resource (same subcarrier / RB / other unit). (10) Subcarrier spacing supported by the intermediate node.

[0164] (Variations) Reception for backscatter / active transmissions in the DL band or reception for backscatter / active transmissions in the UL band may be defined as a default capability of an intermediate node, i.e., if an intermediate node supports reception for backscatter / active transmissions from ambient IoT devices, then the intermediate node must at least support backscatter / active transmissions from ambient IoT devices in the DL band.

[0165] If an intermediate node supports reception for backscatter / active transmissions from ambient IoT devices in the DL band, then the intermediate node may be assumed to support reception for backscatter / active transmissions from ambient IoT devices in the DL bands that the intermediate node supports reception for from base stations.

[0166] If an intermediate node supports reception for backscatter / active transmissions from ambient IoT devices on an UL band, then the intermediate node may be assumed to support reception for backscatter / active transmissions from ambient IoT devices on any UL band supported by the intermediate node for transmission to a base station.

[0167] If an intermediate node supports reception for backscatter / active transmissions from ambient IoT devices in the DL band, it may be assumed that the intermediate node supports reception for backscatter / active transmissions from ambient IoT devices at the same subcarrier spacing as supported by the intermediate node for reception from base stations.

[0168] If an intermediate node supports reception for backscatter / active transmissions from ambient IoT devices in the UL band, then the intermediate node may be assumed to support reception for backscatter / active transmissions from ambient IoT devices at the same subcarrier spacing as supported by the intermediate node for transmissions to the base station.

[0169] The minimum / maximum frequency gap between the transmission of the carrier and the reception for the backscatter transmission may be defined in a specification or may be reported to the base station by the UE capability.

[0170] The subcarrier spacing of reception from the ambient IoT device supported by the intermediate node may be the same as or different from the subcarrier spacing of transmission from the base station, for example, the subcarrier spacing of reception from the base station may be 15 kHz and the subcarrier spacing of reception from the ambient IoT device may be 7.5 kHz (or 3.75 kHz).

[0171] (Ambient IoT Device Reception Capabilities) An ambient IoT device can report the following capabilities related to receiving carrier waves and synchronization / control / data signals from a base station / intermediate node to the base station: (1) Supported band for receiving carrier waves (e.g., X MHz to Y MHz) (2) Supported band for receiving synchronization / control / data signals (e.g., X MHz to Y MHz) (3) Supported subcarrier spacing

[0172] Variations Ambient IoT devices may be assumed to support the same band for receiving carriers and synchronization / control / data signals from base stations / intermediate nodes.

[0173] Ambient IoT devices may be assumed to support the same subcarrier spacing for receiving carriers and synchronization / control / data signals from base stations / intermediate nodes.

[0174] The specification may define the default capabilities of an Ambient IoT device for supported bands for carrier reception, supported bands for reception of synchronization / control / data signals, and supported subcarriers, i.e., an Ambient IoT device may be assumed to support at least these default capabilities.

[0175] (Ambient IoT Device Transmission Capabilities) Ambient IoT devices can report the following capabilities related to backscatter transmission and active transmission to the base station: (1) Supported band for backscatter transmission (e.g., X MHz to Y MHz) (2) Supported band for active transmission (e.g., X MHz to Y MHz) (3) Whether the ambient IoT device supports carrier reception and backscatter transmission in different bands (4) Whether the ambient IoT device supports carrier reception and backscatter transmission in different frequency resources (different subcarriers, RBs, or other units) in the same band (5) If (4) above is supported, the supported frequency gap between carrier reception and backscatter transmission (6) Supported subcarrier spacing

[0176] (Variation) The default capability of an ambient IoT device is that the ambient IoT device supports carrier reception and backscatter transmission in the same band.

[0177] The default capability of an ambient IoT device is that the ambient IoT device supports carrier reception and backscatter transmission in different bands.

[0178] The default capability of an ambient IoT device is that it supports co-band, co-frequency carrier reception and backscatter transmission.

[0179] The default capability of an ambient IoT device is that the ambient IoT device supports receiving and backscattering carriers at different bands and different frequencies.

[0180] The default capability of an ambient IoT device is that it supports receiving and backscattering carriers at different frequencies in the same band.

[0181] The default capability of an ambient IoT device is that the ambient IoT device supports receiving and backscattering carriers at different bands and the same frequency.

[0182] The minimum / maximum frequency gap between carrier reception and backscatter transmission may be defined in a specification or reported to the base station by the UE capability.

[0183] The specification may define the default capabilities of an ambient IoT device for supported bands for backscatter transmission, supported bands for active transmission, and supported subcarriers, i.e., an ambient IoT device may be assumed to support at least these default capabilities.

[0184] (Base Station Transmission Instructions to Intermediate Nodes) The base station can instruct the intermediate nodes on the bandwidth portion (BWP) allocated for transmitting carrier waves or synchronization / control / data signals to the ambient IoT devices.

[0185] In this case, the frequency resources used for transmitting the carrier or the synchronization / control / data signals may be indicated in the allocated BWP.

[0186] a. If the DL BWP is configured as legacy, the base station may indicate that the DL BWP is used to transmit carrier waves or synchronization / control / data signals to the ambient IoT device, in which case the subcarrier spacing of the carrier waves or synchronization / control / data signals is the subcarrier spacing of the DL BWP.

[0187] b. If the UL BWP is configured as legacy, the base station may indicate that the UL BWP will be used for transmitting carrier waves or synchronization / control / data signals to the ambient IoT device, in which case the subcarrier spacing for transmitting the carrier waves or synchronization / control / data signals is the subcarrier spacing of the UL BWP.

[0188] c) The base station may indicate the BWP to be used for transmitting the carrier or the synchronization / control / data signal to the ambient IoT device. In this case, the base station may indicate the starting frequency position and number of frequency units of the BWP. Furthermore, the base station may indicate the subcarrier spacing for transmitting the carrier or the synchronization / control / data signal.

[0189] (Variations) The same BWP and the same subcarrier spacing may be used for transmitting the carrier and the synchronization / control / data signals.

[0190] (Base Station Instructions to Intermediate Nodes Regarding Reception) The base station can instruct the intermediate nodes on the bandwidth portion (BWP) allocated for reception relative to backscattered or active transmissions from ambient IoT devices.

[0191] In this case, the frequency resources used for receiving versus backscattered or active transmissions from ambient IoT devices may be indicated within the allocated BWP.

[0192] If the DL BWP is configured as legacy, the base station may indicate that the DL BWP is used for receiving for backscatter or active transmissions from ambient IoT devices, in which case the subcarrier spacing for receiving for backscatter or active transmissions from ambient IoT devices is the subcarrier spacing of the DL BWP.

[0193] b. If the ULBWP is configured as legacy, the base station may indicate that the UL BWP is used for receiving backscattered or active transmissions from ambient IoT devices, in which case the subcarrier spacing for receiving backscattered or active transmissions from ambient IoT devices is the subcarrier spacing of the UL BWP.

[0194] c) The base station may indicate a BWP to be used to receive backscatter or active transmissions from the ambient IoT device. In this case, the base station may indicate the starting frequency position and number of frequency units of the BWP. Additionally, the base station may indicate the subcarrier spacing for receiving backscatter or active transmissions from the ambient IoT device.

[0195] (Variations) The same BWP and subcarrier spacing may be used for transmitting the carrier and receiving the backscattered transmissions from the ambient IoT device.

[0196] (Instruction from base station / intermediate node to ambient IoT device regarding reception) A base station / intermediate node can instruct an ambient IoT device on the allocated bandwidth portion (BWP) for receiving a carrier wave or receiving synchronization / control / data signals.

[0197] In this case, the frequency resources used for receiving the carrier wave or the synchronization / control / data signal may be indicated in the assigned BWP. In this case, the base station / intermediate node may indicate the starting frequency position and the number of frequency units of the BWP. Furthermore, the base station / intermediate node may indicate the subcarrier spacing for receiving the carrier wave or the synchronization / control / data signal.

[0198] (Variations) The same BWP and the same subcarrier spacing may be used for receiving the carrier and the synchronization / control / data signals.

[0199] (Base Station / Intermediate Node Transmission Instructions to Ambient IoT Devices) A ​​base station / intermediate node can instruct an ambient IoT device on the allocated Bandwidth Portion (BWP) for backscatter or active transmissions.

[0200] In this case, the frequency resources to be used for backscatter or active transmission may be indicated within the allocated BWP. In this case, the base station / intermediate node may indicate the starting frequency position and number of frequency units of the BWP for backscatter or active transmission. Furthermore, the base station / intermediate node may indicate the subcarrier spacing for backscatter or active transmission.

[0201] (Variations) The same BWP and the same subcarrier spacing may be used for carrier reception and backscatter transmission.

[0202] (Effects of Proposal 2) With the above proposal, information regarding the bandwidth (width) required for proper communication between the intermediate node and the ambient IoT device is reported to the base station, and the base station can instruct the intermediate node and the ambient IoT device on the bandwidth to use for communication, thereby enabling proper communication in a communication system including the ambient IoT device.

[0203] In Proposal 2, we have described the application to ambient IoT devices that do not have independent signal generation capabilities and perform backscatter transmission, but the present disclosure is not limited to this and can also be applied to devices that have independent signal generation capabilities and generate signal waveforms.

[0204] <Proposal 3> Proposal 3 proposes control of the transmission power of the carrier wave or synchronization / control / data signals transmitted by the intermediate node to the ambient IoT device.

[0205] (Option 1) The intermediate node transmits the carrier wave or synchronization / control / data signal to the ambient IoT device at the maximum transmission power, which may be predefined by the specification.

[0206] (Option 2) If the intermediate node supports open-loop power control, the intermediate node may perform open-loop power control on the carrier or synchronization / control / data signals transmitted to the ambient IoT device, similar to the existing open-loop power control performed on the PUSCH / PUCCH. For example, the transmission power value may be calculated using the following formula:

[0207] where: P0 is the transmission power value provided by the base station; M is the transmission bandwidth; and α is the path loss coefficient provided by the base station. The path loss (PL) can be either: a. Measured at the intermediate node; b. Measured by the ambient IoT device and reported by the ambient IoT device to the intermediate node; c. Instructed by the base station to the intermediate node. where K s is provided by the network.

[0208] (Variations) P0 may be fixed. M may be fixed or may be omitted (e.g., M=1). α may be fixed or may be omitted (e.g., α=1). PL may be fixed or may be omitted. Δ TF may be fixed or omitted (e.g., Δ TF =0). K s may be fixed. Different parameters may be applied to the transmission of the carrier and the transmission of the synchronization / control / data signals.

[0209] (Option 3) If the intermediate node supports closed-loop power control, the intermediate node may perform closed-loop power control on the carrier or synchronization / control / data signals it transmits to the ambient IoT device. For example, the transmit power value is calculated as follows:

[0210] where f may be, in closed loop power control: a. Expressed as an absolute value b. Expressed as a cumulative value f is the sum of the transmit power command values ​​received since the most recent transmission.

[0211] Other parameters are the same as in Option 2 above.

[0212] The variations of option 3 are similar to the variations of option 2.

[0213] (Option 4) The transmit power of signal X of the intermediate node may be dictated via a power offset relative to the transmit power of signal Y.

[0214] For example, the transmit power of the control / data signal may be dictated via an offset relative to the synchronization signal / carrier.

[0215] Also, for example, the transmit power of the synchronization / control / data signals may be indicated via an offset relative to the carrier.

[0216] Also, for example, the transmit power of the carrier may be dictated via an offset relative to the synchronization / control / data signal.

[0217] (Variations of Proposal 3) Different options may be applied for transmitting the carrier and the synchronization / control / data signals.

[0218] The ambient IoT device may set the transmit power of its backscatter transmission or active transmission to its maximum transmit power, which may be predefined by the specification.

[0219] The transmit power of signal X of the ambient IoT device may be dictated via a power offset relative to the transmit power of signal Y.

[0220] For example, the transmit power of the backscatter transmission may be dictated via an offset relative to the active transmission.

[0221] Different options may be applied for backscatter and active transmission.

[0222] (Effects of Proposal 3) The above proposal allows the intermediate node to appropriately control the transmission power of the carrier wave or synchronization / control / data signal transmitted to the ambient IoT device, thereby enabling appropriate communication in a communication system including the ambient IoT device.

[0223] In Proposal 3, we have described the application to ambient IoT devices that do not have independent signal generation capabilities and perform backscatter transmission, but the present disclosure is not limited to this and can also be applied to devices that have independent signal generation capabilities and generate signal waveforms.

[0224] <Configuration of Base Station> Fig. 11 is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of a base station 10 according to an embodiment. The base station 10 includes, for example, a transmitting unit 101, a receiving unit 102, and a control unit 103. The base station 10 communicates with the device 20 (see Fig. 12) by radio. The base station 10 may be an intermediate node, a support node, or a terminal (a terminal of an SL that communicates with the device 20).

[0225] The transmitter 101 transmits a downlink (DL) signal to the device 20. For example, the transmitter 101 transmits the DL signal under the control of the controller 103.

[0226] The DL signal may include, for example, a downlink data signal and control information (e.g., Downlink Control Information (DCI)). The DL signal may also include information indicating scheduling related to signal transmission of the device 20 (e.g., an UL grant). The DL signal may also include control information of higher layers (e.g., control information of Radio Resource Control (RRC)). The DL signal may also include a reference signal.

[0227] The channels used for transmitting DL signals include, for example, a data channel and a control channel. For example, the data channel may include a PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Channel), and the control channel may include a PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel). For example, the base station 10 transmits control information to the device 20 using the PDCCH and transmits downlink data signals using the PDSCH.

[0228] The reference signal included in the DL signal may include at least one of a demodulation reference signal (Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS)), a Phase Tracking Reference Signal (PTRS), a Channel State Information-Reference Signal (CSI-RS), a Sounding Reference Signal (SRS), and a Positioning Reference Signal (PRS) for position information. For example, reference signals such as DMRS and PTRS are used for demodulating downlink data signals and are transmitted using the PDSCH.

[0229] The receiving unit 102 receives an uplink (UL) signal transmitted from the device 20. For example, the receiving unit 102 receives the UL signal under the control of the control unit 103.

[0230] The control unit 103 controls the communication operations of the base station 10 , including the transmission processing of the transmission unit 101 and the reception processing of the reception unit 102 .

[0231] For example, the control unit 103 acquires information such as data and control information from the upper layer and outputs it to the transmitting unit 101. The control unit 103 also outputs the data, control information, etc. received from the receiving unit 102 to the upper layer.

[0232] For example, the control unit 103 allocates resources (or channels) used for transmitting and receiving DL signals and / or resources used for transmitting and receiving UL signals based on signals (e.g., data and control information, etc.) received from the device 20 and / or data and control information, etc. acquired from a higher layer. Information on the allocated resources may be included in control information transmitted to the device 20.

[0233] The control unit 103 configures PUCCH resources as an example of allocation of resources used for transmitting and receiving UL signals. Information related to PUCCH configuration such as a PUCCH cell timing pattern (PUCCH configuration information) may be notified to the device 20 by RRC.

[0234] Here, the transmitter 101 transmits wireless power to wake up the device 20. The wireless power may be a carrier signal.

[0235] The transmitting unit 101 transmits information. The information may be information A / information B. The control unit 103 may include information for the device 20 to receive information B in information A. The control unit 103 may include information for the device 20 to transmit a signal / signal A / signal B in information / information A.

[0236] The receiving unit 202 receives a signal from the device 20. The signal may be signal A / signal B. The control unit 103 may receive the signal from the device 20 based on information transmitted to the device 20 by the device 20 in order to transmit the signal / signal A / signal B. The control unit 103 may receive signal B based on information regarding signal B included in signal A.

[0237] The transmitting unit 101 transmits to the device 20 information for the device 20 to determine whether or not to transmit the signal / signal A / signal B.

[0238] 12 is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of the device 20 according to the embodiment. The device 20 is a device with lower complexity than a Narrow Band-Internet of Things (NB-IoT) device, and is, for example, an A-IoT UE.

[0239] The device 20 includes, for example, a receiving unit 201, a transmitting unit 202, and a control unit 203. The device 20 communicates with, for example, the base station 10 wirelessly. The device 20 may be, for example, an A-IoT device.

[0240] The receiving unit 201 receives a DL signal transmitted from the base station 10. For example, the receiving unit 201 receives the DL signal under the control of the control unit 203.

[0241] The transmitting unit 202 transmits the UL signal to the base station 10. For example, the transmitting unit 202 transmits the UL signal under the control of the control unit 203.

[0242] The UL signal may include, for example, an uplink data signal and control information (e.g., UCI). For example, information related to the processing capabilities of the device 20 (e.g., UE capability) may be included. The UL signal may also include a reference signal.

[0243] The channels used for transmitting UL signals include, for example, a data channel and a control channel. For example, the data channel includes a PUSCH (Physical Uplink Shared Channel), and the control channel includes a PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel). For example, the device 20 receives control information from the base station 10 using the PUCCH and transmits uplink data signals using the PUSCH.

[0244] The reference signals included in the UL signal may include, for example, at least one of DMRS, PTRS, CSI-RS, SRS, and PRS. For example, the reference signals such as DMRS and PTRS are used for demodulating the uplink data signal and are transmitted using an uplink channel (for example, PUSCH).

[0245] The control unit 203 controls the communication operations of the device 20 , including the reception processing in the receiving unit 201 and the transmission processing in the transmitting unit 202 .

[0246] For example, the control unit 203 acquires information such as data and control information from a higher layer and outputs the information to the transmitting unit 202. Also, the control unit 203 outputs, for example, data and control information received from the receiving unit 201 to the higher layer.

[0247] For example, the control unit 203 controls transmission of information to be fed back to the base station 10. The information to be fed back to the base station 10 may include, for example, HARQ-ACK, channel state information (CSI), or a scheduling request (SR). The information to be fed back to the base station 10 may be included in UCI. The UCI is transmitted in the resources of the PUCCH.

[0248] The control unit 203 sets PUCCH resources based on configuration information (for example, configuration information such as a PUCCH cell timing pattern notified by RRC and / or DCI) received from the base station 10. The control unit 203 determines the PUCCH resources to be used for transmitting information to be fed back to the base station 10. Under the control of the control unit 203, the transmission unit 202 transmits the information to be fed back to the base station 10 in the PUCCH resources determined by the control unit 203.

[0249] Note that the channel used for transmitting the DL signal and the channel used for transmitting the UL signal are not limited to the above-mentioned examples. For example, the channel used for transmitting the DL signal and the channel used for transmitting the UL signal may include a Random Access Channel (RACH) and a Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH). The RACH may be used to transmit Downlink Control Information (DCI) including a Random Access Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RA-RNTI), for example.

[0250] Here, the control unit 203 wakes up the device 20 based on wireless power from the base station 10. After the device 20 wakes up, the receiving unit 201 receives second information transmitted from the base station 10 based on first information transmitted from the base station 10. The first information may be information A. The second information may be information B. The first information may include the information described in 1. to 7. of Proposal 1.

[0251] The receiving unit 201 may receive the second information based on resource information of the second information included in the first information. The resource information may be time domain resources / frequency domain resources.

[0252] The first information may include destination information regarding a device that receives the first information. The receiving unit 201 may receive the first information based on the destination information.

[0253] The receiving unit 201 may receive the first information and / or the second information based on predetermined information about the size of the first information and / or the second information. The information about the size of the first information and / or the second information may be predetermined (preset) by, for example, specifications / setting information.

[0254] The receiving unit 201 may receive information on the magnitude of the first information and / or the second information from the base station 10, and receive the first information and / or the second information based on the received information.

[0255] Furthermore, the transmitter 202 transmits a signal to the base station 10 based on information transmitted from the base station 10. The information transmitted from the base station 10 may be information A. The information transmitted from the base station 10 may include the information described in 1. to 8. of Proposal 2.

[0256] The transmitting unit 202 may transmit the signal based on resource information of the signal included in the information transmitted from the base station 10. The transmitting unit 202 may transmit the signal based on information regarding a predetermined magnitude of the signal or information regarding the magnitude of the signal notified from the base station 10.

[0257] The transmitter 202 may transmit a first signal and a second signal to the base station 10 based on information transmitted from the base station 10. The transmitter 202 may include information regarding the second signal in the first signal. The first signal may be signal A. The second signal may be signal B.

[0258] The transmitter 202 may include information about the resources of the second signal in the first signal. The resource information may be time domain resources / frequency domain resources.

[0259] The transmitting unit 202 may report to the base station 10 information regarding the magnitude of the signal to be transmitted to the base station 10 .

[0260] Furthermore, the control unit 203 determines whether or not to transmit a signal to the base station 10 based on information transmitted from the base station 10. The information transmitted from the base station 10 may be the information described in 1. to 8. of Proposal 3.

[0261] The information transmitted from the base station 10 may be, for example, information for DT terminated in the device 20. The information transmitted from the base station 10 may be, for example, information for DO-DTT that triggers signal transmission from the device.

[0262] The control unit 203 may determine whether or not to transmit a signal based on the resource of the information transmitted from the base station 10. The resource may be a time domain resource / frequency domain resource.

[0263] The control unit 203 may determine whether or not to transmit a signal based on the code resource of the information transmitted from the base station 10. The code resource may be a base sequence index / cyclic shift / orthogonal cover code index used for the information transmitted from the base station 10.

[0264] The control unit 203 may determine whether or not to transmit a signal based on an indication included in the information transmitted from the base station 10 .

[0265] The present disclosure has been described above. Note that the division of items in the above description is not essential to the present disclosure, and items described in two or more items may be used in combination as needed, and items described in one item may be applied to items described in another item (unless they are inconsistent).

[0266] <Hardware Configuration, etc.> The block diagrams used to explain the above embodiments show functional blocks. These functional blocks (components) are realized by any combination of at least one of hardware and software. Furthermore, the method for realizing each functional block is not particularly limited. That is, each functional block may be realized using a single device that is physically or logically coupled, or may be realized using two or more physically or logically separated devices that are directly or indirectly connected (e.g., using wires, wirelessly, etc.) and these multiple devices. The functional block may also be realized by combining software with the single device or the multiple devices.

[0267] Functions include, but are not limited to, judgment, determination, assessment, calculation, computation, processing, derivation, investigation, search, confirmation, reception, transmission, output, access, resolution, selection, selection, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, consideration, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating, mapping, and assignment. For example, a functional block (component) that performs transmission is called a transmitting unit or transmitter. As mentioned above, there are no particular limitations on how these functions are implemented.

[0268] For example, a base station, a device, or the like according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may function as a computer that performs processing of the wireless communication method of the present disclosure. Fig. 13 is a diagram illustrating an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and a device according to this embodiment. The above-described base station 10 and device 20 may be physically configured as a computer including a processor 1001, a memory 1002, a storage 1003, a communication device 1004, an input device 1005, an output device 1006, a bus 1007, and the like.

[0269] In the following description, the term "apparatus" can be interpreted as a circuit, a device, a unit, etc. The hardware configuration of the base station 10 and the device 20 may be configured to include one or more of the apparatuses shown in the drawings, or may be configured to exclude some of the apparatuses.

[0270] Each function in the base station 10 and the device 20 is realized by loading specified software (programs) onto hardware such as the processor 1001 and memory 1002, causing the processor 1001 to perform calculations, control communication by the communication device 1004, and control at least one of reading and writing data in the memory 1002 and storage 1003.

[0271] The processor 1001 controls the entire computer by running, for example, an operating system. The processor 1001 may be configured by a central processing unit (CPU) including an interface with peripheral devices, a control device, an arithmetic unit, a register, etc. For example, the above-mentioned control unit 103 and control unit 203 may be realized by the processor 1001.

[0272] The processor 1001 also reads programs (program codes), software modules, data, etc. from at least one of the storage 1003 and the communication device 1004 into the memory 1002 and executes various processes in accordance with these programs. The programs used are those that cause a computer to execute at least some of the operations described in the above-described embodiments. For example, the control unit 203 of the device 20 may be implemented by a control program stored in the memory 1002 and running on the processor 1001, and similar implementations may be made for other functional blocks. While the above-described various processes have been described as being executed by one processor 1001, they may also be executed simultaneously or sequentially by two or more processors 1001. The processor 1001 may be implemented by one or more chips. The programs may also be transmitted from a network via a telecommunications line.

[0273] The memory 1002 is a computer-readable recording medium and may be configured by, for example, at least one of a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable ROM (EPROM), an electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), a random access memory (RAM), etc. The memory 1002 may also be called a register, a cache, a main memory (primary storage device), etc. The memory 1002 can store executable programs (program codes), software modules, etc. for implementing a wireless communication method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0274] Storage 1003 is a computer-readable recording medium, and may be composed of at least one of, for example, an optical disk such as a CD-ROM (Compact Disc ROM), a hard disk drive, a flexible disk, a magneto-optical disk (e.g., a compact disk, a digital versatile disk, a Blu-ray (registered trademark) disk), a smart card, a flash memory (e.g., a card, a stick, a key drive), a floppy (registered trademark) disk, a magnetic strip, etc. Storage 1003 may also be referred to as an auxiliary storage device. The above-mentioned storage medium may be, for example, a database, a server, or other appropriate medium including at least one of memory 1002 and storage 1003.

[0275] The communication device 1004 is hardware (transmission / reception device) for communicating between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network, and is also referred to as, for example, a network device, a network controller, a network card, a communication module, etc. The communication device 1004 may be configured to include a high-frequency switch, a duplexer, a filter, a frequency synthesizer, etc. to realize at least one of frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD). For example, the above-mentioned transmitter 101, receiver 102, receiver 201, transmitter 202, etc. may be realized by the communication device 1004.

[0276] The input device 1005 is an input device (e.g., a keyboard, a mouse, a microphone, a switch, a button, a sensor, etc.) that receives input from the outside. The output device 1006 is an output device (e.g., a display, a speaker, an LED lamp, etc.) that outputs to the outside. The input device 1005 and the output device 1006 may be integrated into one device (e.g., a touch panel).

[0277] Furthermore, each device, such as the processor 1001 and the memory 1002, is connected by a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 may be configured using a single bus, or may be configured using different buses between each device.

[0278] Furthermore, the base station 10 and the device 20 may be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), or a field programmable gate array (FPGA), and some or all of the functional blocks may be realized by the hardware. For example, the processor 1001 may be implemented using at least one of these pieces of hardware.

[0279] <Notification of Information, Signaling> Notification of information is not limited to the embodiments described in the present disclosure and may be performed using other methods. For example, notification of information may be performed by physical layer signaling (e.g., Downlink Control Information (DCI), Uplink Control Information (UCI)), higher layer signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling, broadcast information (Master Information Block (MIB), System Information Block (SIB))), other signals, or a combination thereof. Furthermore, RRC signaling may be referred to as an RRC message, and may be, for example, an RRC Connection Setup message, an RRC Connection Reconfiguration message, or the like.

[0280] <Applicable Systems> The embodiments described in the present disclosure are applicable to LTE (Long Term Evolution), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4G (4th generation mobile communication system), 5G (5th generation mobile communication system), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), xth generation mobile communication system (xG) (xG (x is, for example, an integer or a decimal)), FRA (Future Radio Access), NR (new Radio), New radio access (NX), Future generation radio access (FX), W-CDMA (registered trademark), GSM (registered trademark), CDMA2000, UMB (Ultra Mobile Broadband), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.17 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.19 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.20 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.21 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.22 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.23 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.24 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.25 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.26 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.27 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.28 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.29 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.30 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.31 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.32 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.33 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.34 (WiMAX (registered trademark The present invention may be applied to at least one of systems using 802.20, UWB (Ultra-Wide Band), Bluetooth (registered trademark), or other suitable systems, and next-generation systems that are extended, modified, created, or defined based on these systems. The present invention may also be applied to a combination of multiple systems (e.g., a combination of LTE and / or LTE-A with 5G).

[0281] <Processing Procedures, etc.> The processing procedures, sequences, flowcharts, etc. of each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be rearranged unless inconsistent. For example, the methods described in this disclosure present elements of various steps using an example order, and are not limited to the particular order presented.

[0282] <Operation of Base Station> In the present disclosure, specific operations described as being performed by a base station may also be performed by its upper node in some cases. In a network consisting of one or more network nodes having a base station, it is clear that various operations performed for communication with a terminal may be performed by at least one of the base station and another network node other than the base station (for example, an MME or an S-GW, etc., but are not limited to these). Although the above example illustrates a case where there is one other network node other than the base station, a combination of multiple other network nodes (for example, an MME and an S-GW) may also be used.

[0283] <Direction of Input / Output> Information, etc. (see <Information, Signal>) can be output from a higher layer (or a lower layer) to a lower layer (or a higher layer). It may also be input / output via multiple network nodes.

[0284] <Handling of Input / Output Information, etc.> Input / output information, etc. may be stored in a specific location (for example, memory) or may be managed using a management table. Input / output information, etc. may be overwritten, updated, or added. Output information, etc. may be deleted. Input information, etc. may be sent to another device.

[0285] <Determination method> The determination may be made based on a value represented by one bit (0 or 1), a Boolean value (true or false), or a comparison of numerical values ​​(e.g., comparison with a predetermined value).

[0286] <Variations of Aspects, etc.> Each aspect / embodiment described in the present disclosure may be used alone, in combination, or switched depending on the implementation. In addition, notification of predetermined information (e.g., notification that "X is true") is not limited to being done explicitly, but may be done implicitly (e.g., by not notifying the predetermined information).

[0287] Although the present disclosure has been described in detail above, it is clear to those skilled in the art that the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described herein. The present disclosure can be implemented in modified and altered forms without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure as defined by the claims. Therefore, the description of the present disclosure is intended to be illustrative and does not have any limiting meaning on the present disclosure.

[0288] <Software> Software shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, threads of execution, procedures, functions, etc., whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise.

[0289] Software, instructions, information, etc. may also be transmitted or received over a transmission medium. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using wired technologies (such as coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)), and / or wireless technologies (such as infrared, microwave), then these wired and / or wireless technologies are included within the definition of transmission media.

[0290] Information, Signals, etc., described in this disclosure may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc., which may be referred to throughout the above description, may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or photons, or any combination thereof.

[0291] Note that terms described in this disclosure and terms necessary for understanding this disclosure may be replaced with terms having the same or similar meanings. For example, at least one of a channel and a symbol may be a signal (signaling). Furthermore, a signal may be a message. Furthermore, a component carrier (CC) may be called a carrier frequency, a cell, a frequency carrier, etc.

[0292] <System, Network> As used in this disclosure, the terms "system" and "network" are used interchangeably.

[0293] <Parameter and Channel Names> Furthermore, the information, parameters, and the like described in the present disclosure may be expressed using absolute values, relative values ​​from a predetermined value, or other corresponding information. For example, a radio resource may be indicated by an index.

[0294] The names used for the above-described parameters are not intended to be limiting in any way. Furthermore, the mathematical expressions using these parameters may differ from those explicitly disclosed in this disclosure. The various channels (e.g., PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements may be identified by any suitable names, and therefore the various names assigned to these various channels and information elements are not intended to be limiting in any way.

[0295] <Base Station> In the present disclosure, terms such as "base station (BS)," "radio base station," "fixed station," "NodeB," "eNodeB (eNB)," "gNodeB (gNB)," "access point," "transmission point," "reception point," "transmission / reception point," "cell," "sector," "cell group," "carrier," and "component carrier" may be used interchangeably. A base station may also be referred to by terms such as a macrocell, a small cell, a femtocell, and a picocell.

[0296] A base station can accommodate one or more (e.g., three) cells. When a base station accommodates multiple cells, the overall coverage area of ​​the base station can be partitioned into multiple smaller areas, and each smaller area can also be provided with communication services by a base station subsystem (e.g., a remote radio head (RRH)). The terms "cell" or "sector" refer to part or the entire coverage area of ​​a base station and / or base station subsystem that provides communication services within that coverage area.

[0297] In the present disclosure, the base station transmitting information to a terminal may be interpreted as the base station instructing the terminal to control or operate based on the information.

[0298] Mobile Station In this disclosure, the terms "Mobile Station (MS)," "user terminal," "User Equipment (UE)," "terminal," and the like may be used interchangeably.

[0299] A mobile station may also be referred to by those skilled in the art as a subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handset, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other suitable terminology.

[0300] <Base Station / Mobile Station> At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be referred to as a transmitting device, a receiving device, a communication device, etc. At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device mounted on a mobile object, the mobile object itself, etc. The mobile object refers to a movable object, and may move at any speed. Naturally, this also includes cases where the mobile object is stationary. Examples of the mobile object include, but are not limited to, vehicles, transport vehicles, automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, connected cars, excavators, bulldozers, wheel loaders, dump trucks, forklifts, trains, buses, handcars, rickshaws, ships and other watercraft, airplanes, rockets, satellites, drones (registered trademark), multicopters, quadcopters, balloons, and objects mounted thereon. The mobile object may also be an autonomous mobile object operating based on an operational command. It may be a vehicle (e.g., a car, an airplane, etc.), an unmanned mobile object (e.g., a drone, an autonomous vehicle, etc.), or a robot (manned or unmanned). At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device that does not necessarily move during communication operations. For example, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be an IoT (Internet of Things) device such as a sensor.

[0301] Furthermore, the base station in the present disclosure may be read as a terminal. For example, the embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied to a configuration in which communication between a base station and a terminal is replaced with communication between multiple terminals (which may be called, for example, D2D (Device-to-Device) or V2X (Vehicle-to-Everything)). In this case, the device 20 may be configured to have the functions of the base station 10 described above. Furthermore, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" may be read as terms corresponding to communication between terminals (for example, "side"). For example, terms such as an uplink channel and a downlink channel may be read as a side channel.

[0302] Similarly, the term "terminal" in the present disclosure may be read as a base station. In this case, the base station 10 may be configured to have the functions of the device 20 described above.

[0303] Fig. 14 shows an example configuration of a vehicle 2001. As shown in Fig. 14, the vehicle 2001 includes a drive unit 2002, a steering unit 2003, an accelerator pedal 2004, a brake pedal 2005, a shift lever 2006, front wheels 2007, rear wheels 2008, an axle 2009, an electronic control unit 2010, various sensors 2021 to 2029, an information service unit 2012, and a communication module 2013. Each aspect / embodiment described in the present disclosure may be applied to a communication device mounted on the vehicle 2001, and may be applied to the communication module 2013, for example.

[0304] The drive unit 2002 is configured, for example, by an engine, a motor, or a hybrid of an engine and a motor. The steering unit 2003 includes at least a steering wheel (also called a handle) and is configured to steer at least one of the front wheels and the rear wheels based on the operation of the steering wheel operated by the user.

[0305] The electronic control unit 2010 is composed of a microprocessor 2031, a memory (ROM, RAM) 2032, and a communication port (IO port) 2033. Signals are input to the electronic control unit 2010 from various sensors 2021 to 2029 provided in the vehicle 2001. The electronic control unit 2010 may also be called an ECU (Electronic Control Unit).

[0306] The signals from the various sensors 2021 to 2029 include a current signal from a current sensor 2021 that senses the current of the motor, a rotation speed signal of the front and rear wheels obtained by a rotation speed sensor 2022, an air pressure signal of the front and rear wheels obtained by an air pressure sensor 2023, a vehicle speed signal obtained by a vehicle speed sensor 2024, an acceleration signal obtained by an acceleration sensor 2025, an accelerator pedal depression amount signal obtained by an accelerator pedal sensor 2029, a brake pedal depression amount signal obtained by a brake pedal sensor 2026, a shift lever operation signal obtained by a shift lever sensor 2027, and a detection signal for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc. obtained by an object detection sensor 2028.

[0307] The information service unit 2012 is composed of various devices, such as a car navigation system, an audio system, speakers, a television, and a radio, for providing (outputting) various types of information, such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, and one or more ECUs that control these devices. The information service unit 2012 provides various types of multimedia information and multimedia services to the occupants of the vehicle 2001 by using information acquired from external devices via the communication module 2013, etc.

[0308] The information service unit 2012 may include input devices (e.g., keyboards, mice, microphones, switches, buttons, sensors, touch panels, etc.) that accept input from the outside, and may also include output devices (e.g., displays, speakers, LED lamps, touch panels, etc.) that output to the outside.

[0309] The driving assistance system unit 2030 is composed of various devices that provide functions for preventing accidents and reducing the driving burden on the driver, such as millimeter-wave radar, LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging), cameras, positioning locators (e.g., GNSS, etc.), map information (e.g., high-definition (HD) maps, autonomous vehicle (AV) maps, etc.), gyro systems (e.g., IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit), INS (Inertial Navigation System), etc.), AI (Artificial Intelligence) chips, and AI processors, as well as one or more ECUs that control these devices. In addition, the driving assistance system unit 2030 transmits and receives various information via the communication module 2013 to realize the driving assistance function or the autonomous driving function.

[0310] The communication module 2013 can communicate with the microprocessor 2031 and components of the vehicle 2001 via the communication port. For example, the communication module 2013 transmits and receives data via the communication port 2033 to and from the drive unit 2002, steering unit 2003, accelerator pedal 2004, brake pedal 2005, shift lever 2006, front wheels 2007, rear wheels 2008, axle 2009, microprocessor 2031 and memory (ROM, RAM) 2032 in the electronic control unit 2010, and sensors 2021 to 29, which are provided in the vehicle 2001.

[0311] The communication module 2013 is a communication device that can be controlled by the microprocessor 2031 of the electronic control unit 2010 and can communicate with an external device. For example, it transmits and receives various information to and from the external device via wireless communication. The communication module 2013 may be located either inside or outside the electronic control unit 2010. The external device may be, for example, a base station, a mobile station, or the like.

[0312] The communication module 2013 may transmit at least one of signals from the above-mentioned various sensors 2021 to 2029 input to the electronic control unit 2010, information obtained based on the signals, and information based on input from the outside (user) obtained via the information service unit 2012 to an external device via wireless communication. The electronic control unit 2010, the various sensors 2021 to 2029, the information service unit 2012, etc. may be referred to as input units that accept input. For example, the PUSCH transmitted by the communication module 2013 may include information based on the above-mentioned input.

[0313] The communication module 2013 receives various information (traffic information, traffic signal information, vehicle distance information, etc.) transmitted from an external device and displays it on the information service unit 2012 provided in the vehicle 2001. The information service unit 2012 may also be called an output unit that outputs information (for example, outputs information to a device such as a display or speaker based on the PDSCH received by the communication module 2013 (or data / information decoded from the PDSCH)).

[0314] Furthermore, the communication module 2013 stores various information received from external devices in a memory 2032 that can be used by the microprocessor 2031. Based on the information stored in the memory 2032, the microprocessor 2031 may control the drive unit 2002, steering unit 2003, accelerator pedal 2004, brake pedal 2005, shift lever 2006, front wheels 2007, rear wheels 2008, axle 2009, sensors 2021 to 2029, and the like provided in the vehicle 2001.

[0315] <Meaning and Interpretation of Terms> As used in this disclosure, the terms "determining" and "determining" may encompass a wide variety of actions. "Determining" and "determining" may include, for example, judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up, searching, inquiring (e.g., searching a table, database, or other data structure), ascertaining something that is considered to be a "judging" or "determining," and the like. "Determining" and "determining" may also include receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., sending information), input, output, accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory), and the like that are considered to be a "judging" or "determining." Furthermore, "judgment" and "decision" can include regarding resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, comparing, etc. as having been "judged" or "decided." In other words, "judgment" and "decision" can include regarding some action as having been "judged" or "decided." Furthermore, "judgment (decision)" can be interpreted as "assuming," "expecting," "considering," etc.

[0316] The terms "connected," "coupled," or any variation thereof, refer to any direct or indirect connection or coupling between two or more elements, and may include the presence of one or more intermediate elements between two elements that are "connected" or "coupled" to each other. The coupling or connection between elements may be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. For example, "connected" may be read as "access." As used in this disclosure, two elements may be considered to be "connected" or "coupled" to each other using one or more wires, cables, and / or printed electrical connections, as well as electromagnetic energy having wavelengths in the radio frequency range, microwave range, and optical (both visible and invisible) range, as some non-limiting and non-exhaustive examples.

[0317] <Reference Signal> A reference signal can also be abbreviated as RS (Reference Signal), and may also be called a pilot depending on the applicable standard.

[0318] <Meaning of "based on"> As used in this disclosure, the phrase "based on" does not mean "based only on," unless expressly stated otherwise. In other words, the phrase "based on" means both "based only on" and "based at least on."

[0319] "First," "Second" Any reference to an element using designations such as "first," "second," etc., used in this disclosure does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient method of distinguishing between two or more elements. Thus, a reference to a first and a second element does not imply that only two elements may be employed or that the first element must precede the second element in some way.

[0320] <Means> The "means" in the configuration of each device above may be replaced with "section," "circuit," "device," etc.

[0321] Open Format: When the terms "include," "including," and variations thereof are used in this disclosure, these terms are intended to be inclusive, similar to the term "comprising." Furthermore, when the term "or" is used in this disclosure, it is not intended to be an exclusive or.

[0322] <Time Units such as TTI, Frequency Units such as RB, and Radio Frame Configuration> A radio frame may be composed of one or more frames in the time domain. Each of the one or more frames in the time domain may be called a subframe. A subframe may further be composed of one or more slots in the time domain. A subframe may have a fixed time length (e.g., 1 ms) that is independent of numerology.

[0323] Numerology may be a communication parameter that applies to the transmission and / or reception of a signal or channel, and may indicate, for example, at least one of subcarrier spacing (SCS), bandwidth, symbol length, cyclic prefix length, transmission time interval (TTI), number of symbols per TTI, radio frame structure, specific filtering operations performed by the transceiver in the frequency domain, and specific windowing operations performed by the transceiver in the time domain.

[0324] A slot may be composed of one or more symbols in the time domain (such as an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol or a Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) symbol). A slot may be a time unit based on numerology.

[0325] A slot may include multiple minislots. Each minislot may consist of one or multiple symbols in the time domain. A minislot may also be called a subslot. A minislot may consist of fewer symbols than a slot. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in a time unit larger than a minislot may be called PDSCH (or PUSCH) mapping type A. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using a minislot may be called PDSCH (or PUSCH) mapping type B.

[0326] The radio frame, subframe, slot, minislot, and symbol all represent time units for transmitting signals, and may be referred to by other names corresponding to the radio frame, subframe, slot, minislot, and symbol.

[0327] For example, one subframe may be called a transmission time interval (TTI), multiple consecutive subframes may be called a TTI, or one slot or one minislot may be called a TTI. That is, at least one of the subframe and the TTI may be a subframe (1 ms) in existing LTE, a period shorter than 1 ms (for example, 1-13 symbols), or a period longer than 1 ms. Note that the unit representing the TTI may be called a slot, minislot, etc. instead of a subframe.

[0328] Here, TTI refers to, for example, the smallest time unit for scheduling in wireless communication. For example, in an LTE system, a base station performs scheduling to allocate radio resources (such as frequency bandwidth and transmission power that can be used by each user terminal) to each user terminal in TTI units. Note that the definition of TTI is not limited to this.

[0329] The TTI may be a transmission time unit for a channel-encoded data packet (transport block), a code block, a code word, etc., or may be a processing unit for scheduling, link adaptation, etc. When a TTI is given, the time interval (e.g., the number of symbols) to which a transport block, a code block, a code word, etc. is actually mapped may be shorter than the TTI.

[0330] When one slot or one minislot is called a TTI, one or more TTIs (i.e., one or more slots or one or more minislots) may be the minimum time unit for scheduling. Also, the number of slots (minislots) constituting the minimum time unit for scheduling may be controlled.

[0331] A TTI having a time length of 1 ms may be called a regular TTI (TTI in LTE Rel. 8-12), normal TTI, long TTI, regular subframe, normal subframe, long subframe, slot, etc. A TTI shorter than a regular TTI may be called a shortened TTI, short TTI, partial or fractional TTI, shortened subframe, short subframe, minislot, subslot, slot, etc.

[0332] In addition, a long TTI (e.g., a normal TTI, a subframe, etc.) may be interpreted as a TTI having a time length of more than 1 ms, and a short TTI (e.g., a shortened TTI, etc.) may be interpreted as a TTI having a TTI length shorter than the TTI length of a long TTI and greater than or equal to 1 ms.

[0333] A resource block (RB) is a resource allocation unit in the time domain and the frequency domain, and may include one or more consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. The number of subcarriers included in an RB may be the same regardless of numerology, for example, 12. The number of subcarriers included in an RB may be determined based on numerology.

[0334] The time domain of an RB may include one or more symbols and may have a length of one slot, one minislot, one subframe, or one TTI. One TTI, one subframe, etc. may each be composed of one or more resource blocks.

[0335] Note that one or more RBs may also be called a physical resource block (PRB), a sub-carrier group (SCG), a resource element group (REG), a PRB pair, an RB pair, etc.

[0336] Furthermore, a resource block may be composed of one or more resource elements (REs). For example, one RE may be a radio resource region of one subcarrier and one symbol.

[0337] A Bandwidth Part (BWP) (which may also be referred to as a fractional bandwidth) may represent a subset of contiguous common resource blocks (RBs) for a given numerology on a given carrier, where the common RBs may be identified by their index relative to a Common Reference Point of the carrier. PRBs may be defined in a BWP and numbered within the BWP.

[0338] The BWP may include a BWP for UL (UL BWP) and a BWP for DL ​​(DL BWP). One or more BWPs may be configured for a UE within one carrier.

[0339] At least one of the configured BWPs may be active, and the UE may not expect to transmit or receive a given signal / channel outside the active BWP. Note that the terms "cell," "carrier," etc. in this disclosure may be read as "BWP."

[0340] The above-described structures of radio frames, subframes, slots, minislots, symbols, etc. are merely examples, and various changes may be made to the number of subframes included in a radio frame, the number of slots per subframe or radio frame, the number of minislots included in a slot, the number of symbols and RBs included in a slot or minislot, the number of subcarriers included in an RB, the number of symbols in a TTI, the symbol length, the cyclic prefix (CP) length, etc.

[0341] <Maximum Transmit Power> The "maximum transmit power" in the present disclosure may refer to the maximum value of transmit power, the nominal UE maximum transmit power, or the rated UE maximum transmit power.

[0342] Articles In this disclosure, where articles are added by translation, such as a, an, and the in English, the disclosure may include that the nouns following these articles are plural.

[0343] <"Different"> In the present disclosure, the term "A and B are different" may mean "A and B are different from each other." Note that the term may also mean "A and B are each different from C." Terms such as "separate" and "coupled" may also be interpreted in the same way as "different."

[0344] One aspect of the present disclosure is useful in wireless communication systems.

[0345] 10 Base station 20 Device 101, 202 Transmitter 102, 201 Receiver 103, 203 Controller

Claims

1. A device with lower complexity than a Narrow Band-Internet of Things (NB-IoT) device, comprising: a control unit that determines a first band for downlink reception and a second band for uplink transmission based on information provided by a network; a receiving unit that performs downlink reception using the first band; and a transmitting unit that performs uplink transmission using the second band.

2. The device according to claim 1, wherein the first band is a band used by the wireless communication device for uplink transmission, and the second band is a band used by the wireless communication device for downlink reception.

3. A wireless communication device that communicates with another device of lower complexity than a Narrow Band-Internet of Things (NB-IoT) device, comprising: a control unit that determines a first band for transmitting a signal to the other device and a second band for receiving the signal transmitted from the other device based on information provided from a network; a transmission unit that transmits the signal to the other device using the first band; and a reception unit that receives the signal transmitted from the other device using the second band.

4. The device of claim 1, wherein the first band is a band used for uplink transmission to the network, and the second band is a band used for downlink reception from the network.

5. A communication method for a device with lower complexity than a Narrow Band-Internet of Things (NB-IoT) device, comprising: determining a first band for downlink reception and a second band for uplink transmission based on information provided by a network; performing downlink reception using the first band; and performing uplink transmission using the second band.

6. A communication method for a wireless communication device that communicates with another device of lower complexity than a Narrow Band-Internet of Things (NB-IoT) device, the method comprising: determining a first band for transmitting a signal to the other device and a second band for receiving the signal transmitted from the other device based on information provided from a network; transmitting the signal to the other device using the first band; and receiving the signal transmitted from the other device using the second band.

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