Apparatus and method for transmitting symbol clock information for ambient IoT communication in wireless communication system

Abstract

According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, provided is a method performed by a first device, the method comprising the steps of: transmitting, to a second device, a carrier wave (CW) or an energizing signal (ES) to which a first modulation is applied with symbol timing information or clock information on the basis of one modulation scheme among amplitude shift keying (ASK), phase shift keying (PSK), or frequency shift keying (FSK); and receiving, from the second device, an uplink signal (UL signal) to which a second modulation is applied on the basis of the symbol timing information or the clock information, wherein the first modulation and the second modulation have the same modulation scheme or different modulation schemes.

Description

Device and method for transmitting symbol clock information for ambient IoT communication in a wireless communication system

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a wireless communication system. Specifically, the present disclosure relates to a device and method for transmitting symbol clock information for Ambient Internet of Things (Ambient IoT) communication in a wireless communication system.

[0002]

[0003] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication services, such as voice and data. Typically, wireless communication systems are multiple access systems that support communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., bandwidth, transmission power). Examples of multiple access systems include Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), and Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA).

[0004]

[0005] To solve the above-described problems, the present disclosure provides a device and method for transmitting symbol clock information for Ambient IoT communication in a wireless communication system.

[0006] The technical problems to be achieved in the present disclosure are not limited to the technical problems mentioned above, and other technical problems not mentioned will be clearly understood by a person having ordinary skill in the technical field to which the present disclosure belongs from the description below.

[0007]

[0008] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, a method performed by a first device includes the steps of transmitting a carrier wave (CW) or an energizing signal (ES) to a second device, to which a first modulation is applied as symbol timing information or clock information based on one of amplitude shift keying (ASK), phase shift keying (PSK), and frequency shift keying (FSK); and receiving an uplink signal (UL signal) to which a second modulation is applied based on the symbol timing information or the clock information from the second device, wherein the first modulation and the second modulation are provided in a method in which the modulation methods are the same or different from each other.

[0009] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, a method performed by a second device includes the steps of: receiving, from a first device, a carrier wave (CW) or an energizing signal (ES) to which a first modulation is applied as symbol timing information or clock information based on one of amplitude shift keying (ASK), phase shift keying (PSK), and frequency shift keying (FSK); and transmitting, to the first device, an uplink signal (UL signal) to which a second modulation is applied based on the symbol timing information or the clock information, wherein the first modulation and the second modulation are provided in a method in which the modulation methods are the same or different from each other.

[0010] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, a first device is provided, comprising: a transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory operably connectable to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, perform operations, wherein the operations include all steps of a method performed by the first device according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0011] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, a second device is provided, comprising: a transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory operably connectable to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, perform operations, wherein the operations include all steps of a method performed by the second device according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0012] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, a control device for controlling a first device in a wireless communication system is provided, the control device including at least one processor and at least one memory operably connected to the at least one processor, wherein the at least one memory stores instructions for performing operations based on being executed by the at least one processor, the operations including all steps of a method performed by the first device according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0013] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, a control device for controlling a second device in a wireless communication system is provided, the control device including at least one processor and at least one memory operably connected to the at least one processor, wherein the at least one memory stores instructions for performing operations based on being executed by the at least one processor, the operations including all steps of a method performed by the second device according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0014] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, there is provided one or more non-transitory computer-readable media storing one or more instructions, wherein the one or more instructions, when executed by one or more processors, perform operations, the operations including all steps of a method performed by a first device according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0015] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, there is provided one or more non-transitory computer-readable media storing one or more instructions, wherein the one or more instructions, when executed by one or more processors, perform operations, the operations including all steps of a method performed by a second device according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0016]

[0017] To solve the above-described problems, the present disclosure can provide a device and method for transmitting symbol clock information for Ambient IoT communication in a wireless communication system.

[0018]

[0019] The accompanying drawings are intended to aid in understanding the present disclosure and, together with detailed descriptions, may provide embodiments of the present disclosure. However, the technical features of the present disclosure are not limited to specific drawings, and the features disclosed in each drawing may be combined with each other to form new embodiments. Reference numerals in each drawing may indicate structural elements.

[0020] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of physical channels used in a system applicable to the present disclosure and a general signal transmission method using the same.

[0021] FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless frame structure used in a system applicable to the present disclosure.

[0022] FIG. 3 is a drawing illustrating an example of a slot structure used in a system applicable to the present disclosure.

[0023] FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a slot structure of a wireless frame used in a system applicable to the present disclosure.

[0024] FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of power consumption according to the operating state of an energy harvesting-based device with energy storage capability in a system applicable to the present disclosure, and the device energy state at that time.

[0025] FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of an ASK modulation-based Ambient IoT symbol timing / clock transmission method in a system applicable to the present disclosure.

[0026] FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of an operation process of a first device in a system applicable to the present disclosure.

[0027] FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of an operation process of a second device in a system applicable to the present disclosure.

[0028] FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of the structure of a first device and a second device in a system applicable to the present disclosure.

[0029]

[0030] In various embodiments of the present disclosure, “A or B” may mean “only A,” “only B,” or “both A and B.” In other words, in various embodiments of the present disclosure, “A or B” may be interpreted as “A and / or B.” For example, in various embodiments of the present disclosure, “A, B or C” may mean “only A,” “only B,” “only C,” or “any combination of A, B and C.”

[0031] In various embodiments of the present disclosure, a slash ( / ) or a comma may mean "and / or." For example, "A / B" may mean "A and / or B." Accordingly, "A / B" may mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." For example, "A, B, C" may mean "A, B, or C."

[0032] In various embodiments of the present disclosure, “at least one of A and B” may mean “only A,” “only B,” or “both A and B.” Furthermore, in various embodiments of the present disclosure, the expressions “at least one of A or B” or “at least one of A and / or B” may be interpreted as equivalent to “at least one of A and B.”

[0033] Additionally, in various embodiments of the present disclosure, “at least one of A, B and C” can mean “only A,” “only B,” “only C,” or “any combination of A, B and C.” Additionally, “at least one of A, B or C” or “at least one of A, B and / or C” can mean “at least one of A, B and C.”

[0034] Additionally, parentheses used in various embodiments of the present disclosure may mean "for example." Specifically, when indicated as "control information (PDCCH)", "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information." In other words, "control information" in various embodiments of the present disclosure is not limited to "PDCCH", and "PDDCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information." Furthermore, even when indicated as "control information (i.e., PDCCH)", "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information."

[0035] Technical features individually described in a single drawing in various embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented individually or simultaneously.

[0036]

[0037] Common signal transmission methods in 3GPP

[0038] Physical channels and general signal transmission

[0039] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of physical channels used in a system applicable to the present disclosure and a general signal transmission method using these channels. Specifically, FIG. 1 illustrates physical channels used in a 3GPP system and general signal transmission.

[0040] Figure 1 illustrates the physical channels and typical signal transmission used in the 3GPP system. In a wireless communication system, a terminal receives information from a base station via the downlink (DL), and the terminal transmits information to the base station via the uplink (UL). The information transmitted and received between the base station and the terminal includes data and various control information, and various physical channels exist depending on the type and purpose of the information they transmit and receive.

[0041] When a terminal is powered on again from a powered-off state or newly enters a cell, it performs an initial cell search operation, such as synchronizing with the base station (S11). To this end, the terminal receives the PSCH (Primary Synchronization Channel) and SSCH (Secondary Synchronization Channel) from the base station to synchronize with the base station and obtain information such as the cell ID (cell identity). In addition, the terminal can obtain broadcast information within the cell by receiving the PBCH (Physical Broadcast Channel) from the base station. In addition, the terminal can receive the DL RS (Downlink Reference Signal) during the initial cell search phase to check the downlink channel status.

[0042] A terminal that has completed initial cell search can obtain more specific system information by receiving a PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel) and a corresponding PDSCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel) (S12).

[0043] Thereafter, the terminal may perform a random access procedure to complete connection to the base station (S13-S16). Specifically, the terminal may transmit a preamble via a physical random access channel (PRACH) (S13) and receive a random access response (RAR) for the preamble via a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) and a corresponding PDSCH (S14). Thereafter, the terminal may transmit a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) using scheduling information in the RAR (S15) and perform a contention resolution procedure such as a PDCCH and a corresponding PDSCH (S16).

[0044] A terminal that has performed the above-described procedure can then perform PDCCH / PDSCH reception (S17) and PUSCH / PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel) transmission (S18) as general uplink / downlink signal transmission procedures. Control information that the terminal transmits to the base station is referred to as UCI (Uplink Control Information). UCI includes HARQ ACK / NACK (Hybrid Automatic Repeat and reQuest Acknowledgement / Negative-ACK), SR (Scheduling Request), CSI (Channel State Information), etc. CSI includes CQI (Channel Quality Indicator), PMI (Precoding Matrix Indicator), RI (Rank Indication), etc. UCI is generally transmitted through PUCCH, but can be transmitted through PUSCH when control information and data must be transmitted simultaneously. In addition, the terminal can aperiodically transmit UCI through PUSCH according to a request / instruction of the network.

[0045]

[0046] OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) Numerology

[0047] The new RAT system uses OFDM transmission scheme or a similar transmission scheme. The new RAT system may follow OFDM parameters different from those of LTE. Alternatively, the new RAT system may follow the existing LTE / LTE-A numerology but have a larger system bandwidth (e.g., 100 MHz). Alternatively, a single cell may support multiple numerologies. That is, UEs operating under different numerologies can coexist within a single cell.

[0048]

[0049] Radio frame structure

[0050] FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of the structure of a wireless frame used in a system applicable to the present disclosure.

[0051] In NR, uplink and downlink transmissions are organized into frames. A radio frame is 10 ms long and is defined by two 5 ms half-frames (HF). Each half-frame is defined by five 1 ms subframes (SF). A subframe is divided into one or more slots, and the number of slots in a subframe depends on the subcarrier spacing (SCS). Each slot contains 12 or 14 OFDM(A) symbols, depending on the cyclic prefix (CP). When a regular CP is used, each slot contains 14 symbols. When an extended CP is used, each slot contains 12 symbols. Here, the symbols can include OFDM symbols (or CP-OFDM symbols), SC-FDMA symbols (or DFT-s-OFDM symbols).

[0052] Table 1 illustrates that when CP is normally used, the number of symbols per slot, the number of slots per frame, and the number of slots per subframe vary depending on the SCS.

[0053] SCS (15*2^u)N slot symb N frame,u slot N subframe,u slot 15KHz (u=0)1410130KHz (u=1)1420260KHz (u=2)14404120KHz (u=3)14808240KHz (u=4)1416016

[0054] N slot symb is the number of symbols in the slot. N frame,uslot is the number of slots in the frame. N subframe,u slot is the number of slots within a subframe.

[0055]

[0056] Table 2 illustrates that when extended CP is used, the number of symbols per slot, the number of slots per frame, and the number of slots per subframe vary depending on the SCS.

[0057] SCS (15*2^u)N slot symb N frame,u slot N subframe,u slot 60KHz (u=2)12404

[0058] NR supports multiple numerologies (or subcarrier spacings (SCS)) to support various 5G services. For example, an SCS of 15 kHz supports wide areas in traditional cellular bands; an SCS of 30 kHz / 60 kHz supports dense urban areas, lower latency, and wider carrier bandwidth; and an SCS of 60 kHz or higher supports bandwidths greater than 24.25 GHz to overcome phase noise.

[0059] The NR frequency band can be defined by two types of frequency ranges (FR1, FR2). The numerical values ​​of the frequency ranges can be changed, and for example, the two types of frequency ranges (FR1, FR2) can be as shown in Table 3 below. For convenience of explanation, among the frequency ranges used in the NR system, FR1 can mean the "sub 6 GHz range", and FR2 can mean the "above 6 GHz range" and can be called millimeter wave (mmW).

[0060] Frequency Range designationCorresponding frequency rangeSubcarrier SpacingFR1450MHz - 6000MHz15, 30, 60kHzFR224250MHz - 52600MHz60, 120, 240kHz

[0061] As described above, the numerical value of the frequency range of the NR system can be changed. For example, FR1 may include a band from 410 MHz to 7125 MHz, as shown in Table 4 below. That is, FR1 may include a frequency band above 6 GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925 MHz, etc.). For example, the frequency band above 6 GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925 MHz, etc.) included within FR1 may include an unlicensed band. The unlicensed band may be used for various purposes, such as for vehicular communications (e.g., autonomous driving).

[0062] Frequency Range designationCorresponding frequency rangeSubcarrier SpacingFR1410MHz - 7125MHz15, 30, 60kHzFR224250MHz - 52600MHz60, 120, 240kHz

[0063] In an NR system, OFDM(A) numerologies (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.) may be set differently between multiple cells that are merged into a single terminal. Accordingly, the (absolute time) interval of a time resource (e.g., SF, slot, or TTI) (conveniently referred to as TU (Time Unit)) consisting of the same number of symbols may be set differently between the merged cells.

[0064]

[0065] FIG. 3 is a drawing illustrating an example of a slot structure used in a system applicable to the present disclosure.

[0066] A slot contains multiple symbols in the time domain. For example, a slot contains 7 symbols for a regular CP, but 6 symbols for an extended CP. A carrier contains multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. A Resource Block (RB) is defined as multiple (e.g., 12) consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. A Bandwidth Part (BWP) is defined as multiple consecutive (P)RBs in the frequency domain, and can correspond to a single numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.). A carrier can contain up to N (e.g., 5) BWPs. Data communication is performed through activated BWPs, and only one BWP can be activated for a single terminal. Each element in the resource grid is referred to as a Resource Element (RE), to which one complex symbol can be mapped.

[0067]

[0068] FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a slot structure of a wireless frame used in a system applicable to the present disclosure.

[0069] Fig. 4 is an exemplary system, illustrating the slot structure of a frame of an NR system.

[0070] The frame structure of NR is characterized by a self-contained structure in which a DL control channel, DL or UL data, and UL control channel can all be included in a single slot unit, as shown in the example of FIG. 4. At this time, DL data scheduling information, UL data scheduling information, etc. can be transmitted in the DL control channel, and ACK / NACK information for DL ​​data, CSI information (modulation and coding scheme information, MIMO transmission-related information, etc.), scheduling requests, etc. can be transmitted in the UL control channel. In FIG. 4, a time gap for DL-to-UL or UL-to-DL switching may exist between the control region and the data region. In addition, some of DL control / DL data / UL data / UL control may not be configured within a single slot. Or, the order of each channel configuring a single slot may be different. (For example, DL control / DL data / UL control / UL data or UL control / UL data / DL control / DL data, etc.)

[0071]

[0072] Ambient IoT communication (Rel-18)

[0073] The Internet of Things (IoT) has recently attracted significant attention in the wireless communications world. By reducing the size, complexity, and power consumption of IoT devices and installing and connecting hundreds of billions to trillions of IoT devices, it can be applied to a wide range of applications. Specifically, 3GPP SA1 is discussing use cases, scenarios, and KPIs for these IoT devices, captured in TR 22.840. Furthermore, 3GPP RAN has conducted a study on IoT communications using the following SID objectives, and the output of this study is captured in TR 38.848.

[0074]

[0075] This study targets at a new 3GPP IoT technology, suitable for deployment in a 3GPP system, which relies on ultra-low complexity devices with ultra-low power consumption for the very-low end IoT applications.

[0076] The study shall provide clear differentiation, i.e. addressing use cases and scenarios that cannot otherwise be fulfilled based on existing 3GPP LPWA IoT technology e.g. NB-IoT including with reduced peak Tx power.

[0077]

[0078] In terms of energy storage, the study will consider the following device characteristics:

[0079] - Pure batteryless devices with no energy storage capability at all, and completely dependent on the availability of an external source of energy

[0080] - Devices with limited energy storage capability that do not need to be replaced or recharged manually.

[0081] Device categorization based on corresponding characteristics (e.g. energy source, energy storage capability, passive / active transmission, etc.) may be discussed during the study, in relation with the relevant use cases.

[0082] The device's peak power consumption shall be limited by its practical form factor for the intended use cases, and shall consider its energy source.

[0083]

[0084] Identify the suitable deployment scenarios and their characteristics, at least for the use cases / services agreed in SA1's “Study on Ambient power-enabled internet of Things”, comprising among at least the following aspects:

[0085] - Indoor / outdoor environment

[0086] - Basestation characteristics, e.g. macro / micro / pico cell-based deployments

[0087] - Connectivity topologies, including which node(s), e.g., basestation, UE, relay, repeater, etc. can communicate with target devices

[0088] - TDD / FDD and frequency bands in licensed or unlicensed spectrum

[0089] - Coexistence with UEs and infrastructure in frequency bands for existing 3GPP technologies

[0090] - Device originated and / or device terminated traffic assumption

[0091]

[0092] NOTE: There can be more than one deployment scenario identified for a use case, and a deployment scenario may be common to more than one use case.

[0093] NOTE: Where more than one deployment scenario is identified for a use case, the trade-offs between them should also be studied.

[0094] NOTE: The study shall not prioritize deployment aspects that should be coordinated with SA, e.g., public or private network, with or without CN connection.

[0095] NOTE: A representative use case can be studied for a group of use cases that have similar requirements.

[0096]

[0097] Formulate a set of RAN design targets based on the identified deployment scenarios and their characteristics for the relevant use cases, at least including:

[0098] - Power consumption

[0099] - Complexity

[0100] - Coverage

[0101] - Data rate

[0102] - Positioning accuracy

[0103]

[0104] NOTE: The requirements from SA1 on the relevant use cases shall be taken into consideration.

[0105] NOTE: The study shall aim to provide better coverage compared to existing non-3GPP technologies for the relevant use cases.

[0106] NOTE: Other RAN design targets in relation to connection density, mobility, security, latency, reliability, etc. may be discussed, if necessary for the relevant use cases.

[0107] NOTE: Detailed definitions of the RAN design targets should be discussed during the study.

[0108]

[0109] Compare and assess the feasibility of meeting the design targets for relevant use cases on the basis of the deployment scenario(s) appropriate to it, and identify assumptions on required functionality to be supported.

[0110] NOTE: This is not to require a detailed WG-level of analysis.

[0111]

[0112] Note: This study shall target for an IoT segment well below the existing 3GPP IoT technologies, e.g. NB-IoT, eMTC, RedCap, etc.

[0113] This study shall not aim to replace existing 3GPP LPWA technologies.

[0114]

[0115] According to the 3GPP RAN study, the following three types of IoT devices were considered:

[0116] Device A: No energy storage, no independent signal generation, i.e. backscattering transmission

[0117] Device B: Has energy storage, no independent signal generation, i.e., backscattering transmission. The stored energy can be used for amplification of reflected signals, etc.

[0118] Device C: Has energy storage, has independent signal generation, i.e. has an active RF component for transmission

[0119]

[0120] Additionally, according to the 3GPP RAN study, at least four topologies were considered:

[0121] Topology (1): Base Station ↔ Ambient IoT device

[0122] NOTE: Includes the possibility of BS Rx and BS Tx in different BSs.

[0123]

[0124] Topology (2): Base Station ↔ Intermediate Node ↔ Ambient IoT Device

[0125] NOTE: Intermediate node can be relay, IAB, UE, repeater, etc. which is capable of ambient IoT.

[0126]

[0127] Topology (3): Base Station ↔ Assisting Node ↔ Ambient IoT Device ↔ Base Station (Topology (3): BS ↔ Assisting Node ↔ Ambient IoT Device ↔ BS)

[0128] NOTE: Assisting node can be relay, IAB, UE, repeater, etc. which is capable of ambient IoT.

[0129]

[0130] Topology (4): UE ↔ Ambient IoT device

[0131]

[0132] Ambient IoT solutions SI (Rel-19)

[0133] A study item titled “Study on solutions for Ambient IoT (Internet of Things) in NR” was approved in 3GPP NR Release 19. Specifically, the study item will be conducted in 3GPP NR Release 19 based on the following:

[0134]

[0135] The following is an excerpt from 3GPP Draft RP-234058.

[0136] This study targets a further assessment at RAN WG-level of Ambient IoT, a new 3GPP IoT technology, suitable for deployment in a 3GPP system, which relies on ultra-low complexity devices with ultra-low power consumption for the very-low end IoT applications.

[0137] The study shall provide clear differentiation, i.e. addressing use cases and scenarios that cannot otherwise be fulfilled based on existing 3GPP LPWA IoT technology e.g. NB-IoT including with reduced peak Tx power.

[0138]

[0139] General Scope

[0140] The definitions provided in TR 38.848 are taken into this SI, and the following are included in the exclusive general scope:

[0141]

[0142] A. The overall objective shall be to study a harmonized air interface design with minimized differences (where necessary) for Ambient IoT to enable the following devices:

[0143]

[0144] i. ~1 ?W peak power consumption, has energy storage, initial sampling frequency offset (SFO) up to 10X ppm, neither DL nor UL amplification in the device. The device's UL transmission is backscattered on a carrier wave provided externally.

[0145]

[0146] ii. ≤ a few hundred μW peak power consumption, has energy storage, initial sampling frequency offset (SFO) up to 10X ppm, both DL and / or UL amplification in the device. The device's UL transmission may be generated internally by the device, or be backscattered on a carrier wave provided externally.

[0147]

[0148] X is to be decided in WGs.

[0149] Coverage design goal: Maximum distance of 10-50 m for indoor devices according to TR 38.848 (“…a range that WGs can sub-select within”).

[0150] For Topologies 1 & 2 (UE as intermediate node under NW control) per TR 38.848, with no RRC states, no mobility (i.e. at least no cell selection / re-selection -like function), no HARQ, no ARQ.

[0151] NOTE 1: It is to be understood that “≤ a few hundred μW” means WGs are not tasked with setting a particular value, and that it will be for WG discussions to determine if a presented design with corresponding power consumption satisfies the “≤ a few hundred μW” requirement.

[0152]

[0153] B. Deployment Scenarios with the following characteristics, referenced to the tables in Clause 4.2.2 of TR 38.848:

[0154]

[0155] Deployment Scenario 1 (Topology 1): Basestation and coexistence characteristics: Micro-cell, co-site.

[0156] Deployment scenario 2 (Topology 2): Using a UE as an intermediate node under network control. Basestation and coexistence characteristics: Macro-cell, co-site.

[0157] The location of the intermediate node is indoor.

[0158] C. FR1 licensed spectrum in FDD.

[0159] D. Spectrum deployment in-band to NR, in guard-band to LTE / NR, in standalone band(s).

[0160] E. Traffic types DO-DTT, DT, with focus on rUC1 (indoor inventory) and rUC4 (indoor command).

[0161]

[0162] From RAN#104, the study will assess whether the harmonized air interface design (per bullet 'A' above) can address the DO-A (Device-originated autonomous) use case.

[0163] Only to identify which part(s) of the harmonized air interface design (per bullet 'A' above) is / are not sufficient for the DO-A use case.

[0164] Transmission from Ambient IoT devices (including backscattering when used) can occur at least in UL spectrum.

[0165]

[0166] The following objectives are set within the General Scope:

[0167]

[0168] 1. Evaluation assumptions

[0169] a) Conclude at least the following aspects of design targets left to WGs in Clause 5 (RAN design targets) of TR 38.848 [RAN1]:

[0170]

[0171] Clause 5.3: Applicable maximum distance target value(s)

[0172] Clause 5.6: Refine the definition of latency suitable for use in RAN WGs

[0173] Clause 5.8: 2D distribution of devices

[0174] b) Define necessary further evaluation assumptions of deployment scenarios for coverage and coexistence evaluations [RAN1, RAN4].

[0175] c) Identify basic blocks / components of possible Ambient IoT device architectures, taking into account state of the art implementations of low-power low-complexity devices which meet the RAN design target for power consumption and complexity. [RAN1].

[0176] d) Define link budget calculation for coverage, including whether / how to model carrier wave from node(s) inside or outside the connectivity topology.

[0177]

[0178] NOTE: Assessment performance of the design targets is conducted within the study of feasibility and necessity of proposals in the following objectives, e.g., by inspection of reference implementations in the field, simulations, and analytically.

[0179] NOTE: Strive to minimize evaluation cases in RAN1.

[0180]

[0181] 2. Study necessary and feasible solutions for Ambient IoT as prescribed in the General Scope.

[0182] Determining the required functions, procedures, etc., and ensuring at least the required functionalities specified in Section 6.2 of TR 38.848 (including decisions on which functions, procedures, etc. are needed and not needed, and ensuring at least the required functionalities in Section 6.2 of TR 38.848).

[0183] Study of positioning in Rel-19 is RAN3-led, limited to functionalities which would have no, or minimal, specification impact.

[0184] Note: this does not imply any decision relating to WI creation.

[0185] Study the feasibility and required functionalities for proximity determination.

[0186] Coordination with SA3 is required for privacy aspects.

[0187] RAN1-led:

[0188] For the Ambient IoT DL and UL, study the following items:

[0189] Frame structure, synchronization and timing, random access

[0190] Numerologies, bandwidths, and multiple access

[0191] Waveforms and modulations

[0192] Channel coding

[0193] Downlink channel / signal aspects

[0194] Uplink channel / signal aspects

[0195] Scheduling and timing relationships

[0196] Study necessary characteristics of carrier-wave waveform for a carrier wave provided externally to the Ambient IoT device, including for interference handling at Ambient IoT UL receiver and at NR basestation.

[0197] For Topology 2, no difference in physical layer design from Topology 1.

[0198] RAN2-led:

[0199] Study and decide which functions are needed for an Ambient IoT compact protocol stack and lightweight signaling procedure to enable DO-DTT and DT data transmission, and study those functions.

[0200] example:

[0201] Paging

[0202] Random access

[0203] Data transmission, including necessary radio resource control aspects, respecting the limitation in the General Scope

[0204] Interactions with upper layers

[0205] For functionalities not listed above, they are studied only if found essential.

[0206] RAN3-led:

[0207] Identify necessary impacts on signaling and procedures for CN-RAN interface to enable:

[0208] Paging

[0209] Device context management

[0210] Data transport

[0211] Identify RAN architecture aspects, including whether support for split architecture is necessary.

[0212] Identify potential solutions for locating an Ambient IoT device with no specification impact, e.g., reusing existing user location report, or minimal specification impact to convey location information to core network.

[0213] RAN4-led:

[0214] Coexistence study of Ambient IoT and NR / LTE.

[0215] RF requirements study for Ambient IoT:

[0216] Ambient IoT BS transmission and reception

[0217] Ambient IoT Device, as per the General Scope, transmission and reception

[0218] Intermediate node (UE), as per the General Scope, transmission and reception

[0219] RAN2 and RAN3 are expected to identify RAN-CN functional split in coordination with SA2.

[0220]

[0221] Note: This study shall target for an IoT segment well below the existing 3GPP IoT technologies, e.g., NB-IoT, eMTC, RedCap, etc.

[0222] This study shall not aim to replace existing 3GPP LPWA technologies.

[0223]

[0224] Device type

[0225] As described above, the device types of AmIoT (ambient IoT) devices are divided into two types as follows, and there is a design target to pursue a harmonized air interface design that minimizes differences between device types.

[0226] 1) Type 1: It has a maximum power consumption of approximately 1 uW, is capable of storing energy, has no amplification function, and performs uplink transmission by backscattering a carrier wave (CW) provided from an external source (e.g., a reader such as a base station or UE, or a separate node).

[0227] 2) Type 2: It has a maximum power consumption of approximately several hundred microwatts, is capable of storing energy, has an amplification function, and performs uplink transmission by backscattering a carrier wave (CW) provided from the outside (e.g., a base station or a reader such as a UE or a separate node) or by using an internally generated signal.

[0228]

[0229] Topology

[0230] Among the topologies captured in TR 38.848, release 19 SI primarily considers the following two topologies.

[0231] 1) Topology #1: BS ↔ Ambient IoT device

[0232] a. Direct communication between base stations and AmIoT devices in a micro-cell environment

[0233] b. The base station is located co-site with a base station equipped with existing 3GPP technology.

[0234] 2) Topology #2: BS ↔ intermediate node ↔ Ambient IoT device

[0235] a. An intermediate node exists between the base station and the AmIoT device in a macro-cell environment.

[0236] b. The base station is located co-site with a base station equipped with existing 3GPP technology.

[0237] c. Intermediate nodes are limited to UEs and are located indoors.

[0238] Additionally, we are focusing on the FDD licensed spectrum in FR1, and transmissions from AmIoT devices can occur at least in the FDD UL spectrum.

[0239]

[0240] Technical terms used in this disclosure

[0241] - SSB: Synchronization Signal Block

[0242] - MIB: Master Information Block

[0243] - RMSI: Remaining Minimum System Information

[0244] - FR1: Frequency Range 1. Refers to the frequency range below 6 GHz (e.g., 450 MHz to 6000 MHz).

[0245] - FR2: Frequency Range 2. Refers to the millimeter wave (mmWave) range above 24 GHz (e.g., 24250 MHz to 52600 MHz).

[0246] - BW: Bandwidth

[0247] - BWP: Bandwidth Part

[0248] - RNTI: Radio Network Temporary Identifier

[0249] - CRC: Cyclic Redundancy Check

[0250] - SIB: System Information Block

[0251] - SIB1: SIB1 for NR devices = RMSI (Remaining Minimum System Information). Broadcasts information necessary for NR terminals to connect to the cell.

[0252] - CORESET (COntrol REsource SET): Time / frequency resource for NR terminal to attempt candidate PDCCH decoding

[0253] - CORESET#0: CORESET for Type0-PDCCH CSS set for NR devices (configured in MIB)

[0254] - Type0-PDCCH CSS set: a search space set in which an NR UE monitors a set of PDCCH candidates for a DCI format with CRC scrambled by a SI-RNTI

[0255] - MO: PDCCH Monitoring Occasion for Type0-PDCCH CSS set

[0256] - SIB1-R: (additional) SIB1 for reduced capability NR devices. May be limited to cases where it is generated as a separate TB from SIB1 and transmitted on a separate PDSCH.

[0257] - CORESET#0-R: CORESET#0 for reduced capability NR devices

[0258] - Type0-PDCCH-R CSS set: a search space set in which an redcap UE monitors a set of PDCCH candidates for a DCI format with CRC scrambled by a SI-RNTI

[0259] - MO-R: PDCCH Monitoring Occasion for Type0-PDCCH CSS set

[0260] - Cell defining SSB (CD-SSB): SSB containing RMSI scheduling information among NR SSBs

[0261] Non-cell defining SSB (non-CD-SSB): An SSB that is placed in the NR sync raster but does not contain RMSI scheduling information for the corresponding cell for measurement purposes. However, it may contain information indicating the location of the cell defining SSB.

[0262] - SCS: subcarrier spacing

[0263] - SI-RNTI: System Information Radio-Network Temporary Identifier

[0264] - Camp on: “Camp on” is the UE state in which the UE stays on a cell and is ready to initiate a potential dedicated service or to receive an ongoing broadcast service.

[0265] - TB: Transport Block

[0266] - RSA (Redcap standalone): Redcap device 또는 service만 지원하는 cell.

[0267] - SIB1(-R)-PDSCH: SIB1(-R)을 전송하는 PDSCH

[0268] - SIB1(-R)-DCI: SIB1(-R)-PDSCH를 scheduling하는 DCI. DCI format 1_0 with CRC scrambled by SI-RNTI.

[0269] - SIB1(-R)-PDCCH: SIB1(-R)-DCI를 전송하는 PDCCH

[0270] - FDRA: Frequency Domain Resource Allocation

[0271] - TDRA: Time Domain Resource Allocation

[0272] - RA: Random Access

[0273] - MSGA: preamble and payload transmissions of the random access procedure for 2-step RA type.

[0274] - MSGB: response to MSGA in the 2-step random access procedure. MSGB may consist of response(s) for contention resolution, fallback indication(s), and backoff indication.

[0275] - RO-N: normal UE 4-step RACH and 2-step RACH(if configured)를 위한 RO(RACH Occasion)

[0276] - RO-N1, RO-N2: When a separate RO is set for normal UE 2-step RACH, it is divided into RO-N1 (4-step) and RO-N2 (2-step).

[0277] - RO-R: RO (RACH Occasion) set separately from RO-N for redcap UE 4-step RACH and 2-step RACH (if configured)

[0278] - RO-R1, RO-R2: When separate ROs are set for redcap UE 2-step RACH, they are distinguished as RO-R1 (4-step) and RO-R2 (2-step).

[0279] - PG-R: MsgA-Preambles Group for redcap UEs

[0280] - RAR: Random Access Response

[0281] - RAR window: the time window to monitor RA response(s)

[0282] - FH: Frequency Hopping

[0283] - iBWP: initial BWP

[0284] - iBWP-DL(-UL): initial DL(UL) BWP

[0285] - iBWP-DL(-UL)-R: (separate) initial DL(UL) BWP for RedCap

[0286] - CS: Cyclic shift

[0287] - NB: Narrowband

[0288] - TO: Traffic Offloading

[0289] -mMTC; Massive Machine Type Communications

[0290] - eMBB: enhanced Mobile Broadband Communication

[0291] - URLLC: Ultra-Reliable and Low Latency Communication

[0292] - RedCap: Reduced Capability

[0293] - eRedCap: enhanced RedCap

[0294] - FDD: Frequency Division Duplex

[0295] - HD-FDD: Half-Duplex-FDD

[0296] - DRX: Discontinuous Reception

[0297] - RRC: Radio Resource Control

[0298] - RRM: Radio Resource Management

[0299] - MM: Mobility Management

[0300] - IWSN: Industrial Wireless Sensor Network

[0301] - LPWA: Low Power Wide Area

[0302] - RB: Resource Block

[0303] - CCE: Control Channel Element

[0304] - AL: Aggregation Level

[0305] - PRG: Physical Resource-block Group

[0306] - DFT-s-OFDM: DFT-spread Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing

[0307] - CP-OFDM: Cyclic Prefix Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing

[0308] - PBCH: Physical Broadcast Channel

[0309] - A-PBCH: Additional PBCH

[0310] - BD: blind detection

[0311] - EPRE: Energy Per RE

[0312] - SNR: Signal-to-Noise Ratio

[0313] - TDM: Time Division Multiplexing

[0314] - FDM: Frequency Division Multiplexing

[0315] - DMRS: DeModulation Reference Signal

[0316] - TDD: Time Division Duplex

[0317] - PCI: Physical layer Cell ID

[0318] - EH: Energy Harvesting

[0319] - EH device: A device that operates based on EH. It can include all of Device A / B / C being discussed in 3GPP. In addition, although this disclosure primarily considers RF EH, an EH device does not necessarily have to be RF EH-based.

[0320] - ES: Energizing Signal. A signal / channel transmitted by a base station / IN / AN / UE for the purpose of supplying RF energy to a device operating on RF-based energy harvesting. (Modulated) CW, NR / LTE DL / UL signals, etc. can be ES, and a dedicated signal / channel for ES can be designed to support it.

[0321] - ET: Energy Transfer

[0322] CW: Carrier wave. Ambient IoT devices supporting backscattering-based UL transmission transmit information by modulating and backscattering "externally provided" CW. Ambient IoT devices supporting independent signal generation-based UL transmission transmit information by modulating "internally generated" CW. Unless otherwise specified, "externally provided" CW for backscattering is assumed. CW can be used as an energizing signal (ES) for RF energy transfer.

[0323] - CWN: Carrier Wave Node. A node that provides the CW. It may be a base station / IN / AN / UE, and there may be a separate CWN for CW provision purposes.

[0324] - R: Reader / interrogator. This is a standard RFID term. In the 3GPP Ambient IoT context, readers can include gNB / eNB, intermediate / assisting nodes, and UEs, depending on the topology. Furthermore, Ambient IoT is not limited to 4G / 5G communication systems, and can include base stations, intermediate / assisting nodes, and UEs in next-generation communication systems.

[0325] - T: Tag / ambient IoT device. RFID standard term. In this disclosure, it can be interchanged with EH device, and in the 3GPP Ambient IoT context, it mainly refers to Ambient IoT device, Device A / B / C.

[0326] - R→T: Reader-to-Tag or Reader-to-Tag communication link. If the base station / intermediate / assisting node / UE is the reader, it can have the same meaning as DL.

[0327] - T→R: Tag-to-Reader or Tag-to-Reader communication link. Can have the same meaning as UL when the base station / intermediate / assisting node / UE is the reader.

[0328] - R↔T: Includes cases of R→T and T→R, or R→T or T→R. It may be the case that both R→T and T→R apply.

[0329] - BS: Base Station

[0330] - IN: Intermediate node. In Topology 2 (BS ↔ IN ↔ Ambient IoT device), IN acts as the reader. Relay, IAB, UE, repeater, etc. can be IN.

[0331] - AN: Assisting node. It can assist DL transmission in Topology 3-1 (BS → AN → Ambient IoT device → BS), or assist UL transmission in Topology 3-2 (BS → Ambient IoT device → AN → BS). Relay, IAB, UE, repeater, etc. can be AN.

[0332] - UE: User Equipment. In the case of LTE, NR, or next-generation communication systems, it refers to the LTE, NR, or next-generation communication system UE / terminal, respectively. It is a general wireless communication terminal type that is distinct from Ambient IoT devices or Device A / B / C. In Topology 4 (UE ↔ Ambient IoT device), the UE acts as the reader.

[0333] - Device: Unless otherwise stated, and when used alone, refers to EH device, Ambient IoT device, or Device A / B / C indiscriminately.

[0334] - AmIoT: Ambient IoT

[0335] - F-gap: Frequency gap

[0336] - T-gap: Time gap

[0337] - TD: Time Domain

[0338] - FD: Frequency Domain

[0339] - PEI: Paging Early Indication

[0340] - LP-WUS: Low-Power Wake-Up Signal

[0341] - LP-SS: Low-Power Synchronization Signal

[0342] - RSRP: Reference Signal Received Power

[0343] - ESRP: ES Received Power. This may refer to RSRP measured using ES. It may have the same meaning as ES-RSRP.

[0344] - PRB: Physical Resource Block

[0345] - EH circuit: A circuit that performs EH operations. An EH device can be viewed as containing an EH circuit in component form.

[0346] - PHR: Power Headroom Report

[0347] - EHR: Energy Headroom Report

[0348] - BPF: Band-Pass Filter

[0349] - SM: Subcarrier Modulation

[0350]

[0351] Composition and Method of the Invention

[0352] In this disclosure, '()' can be interpreted as both excluding the content within () and including the content within the parentheses.

[0353] In this disclosure, ' / ' may mean including all of the contents separated by / (and) or including only some of the contents separated by / (or).

[0354] Ambient IoT devices can be characterized as maintenance-free, meaning they can operate permanently without battery replacement. This is achieved by harvesting energy from RF signals and / or other sources of ambient energy. According to 3GPP SA1 study results document TR 22.840, RF energy harvesting can have the following advantages and potential applications:

[0355] The main advantage of RF-based energy harvesting is its availability in deployed environments and the fact that RF power is controllable.

[0356] For example, power can be sent by a transmitter on demand or periodically.

[0357] Potential applications include logistics / warehouse, manufacturing, smart homes, health monitoring, and environmental monitoring etc.

[0358]

[0359] In the 3GPP Rel-18 Ambient IoT study, Ambient IoT devices were classified into the following types / classes.

[0360] (1) Device A: No energy storage, no independent signal generation, i.e. backscattering transmission

[0361] Complexity comparable to UHF passive RFID.

[0362] (2) Device B: Has energy storage, no independent signal generation, i.e. backscattering transmission. Use of stored energy can include amplification for reflected signals.

[0363] Complexity is expected to be somewhere b / w Device A and C.

[0364] (3) Device C: Has energy storage, has independent signal generation, i.e. active RF component for transmission.

[0365] Complexity will be orders of magnitude lower than NB-IoT.

[0366]

[0367] Additionally, the ongoing Rel-19 Ambient IoT solutions study classifies devices into the following two types / classes and pursues a harmonized air interface design that minimizes differences between device types / classes.

[0368] - Device i: has a maximum power consumption of approximately 1 uW, is capable of storing energy, has no amplification function, and performs uplink transmission by backscattering a carrier wave (CW) provided from an external source (e.g., a base station or a reader such as a UE or a separate node).

[0369] - Device ii: has a maximum power consumption of approximately several hundred microwatts, is capable of storing energy, has an amplification function, and performs uplink transmission by backscattering a carrier wave (CW) provided from the outside (e.g., a base station or a reader such as a UE or a separate node) or by using a signal generated internally.

[0370] In addition to the above classification methods, Ambient IoT device types / classes can be distinguished in various ways using parameters related to device characteristics (e.g., presence / capacity of energy storage, degree of energy / power consumption, presence / capability of amplification, presence / capability of BPF, supported DL / UL transmission method(s), etc.) or combinations of parameters. (Here, BPF capability can be distinguished by 3-dB bandwidth, sharpness, etc. of the supported BPF, and UL transmission methods can be distinguished by, for example, backscattered UL transmission, UL transmission by internal signal generation, etc.)

[0371] For some Ambient IoT device types / classes (e.g., Device B / C / i / ii), energy storage capability, i.e. capacitor or charging battery, may be provided for the following purposes:

[0372] - Securing stable energy at the time of reception / transmission

[0373] - Operation of low-power communication module through energy storage in low RF energy state

[0374] For example, the minimum RF Rx sensitivity for operating a low-power communication module may be -20 dBm, and the minimum Rx sensitivity for energy harvesting may be -20 dBm. In this case, if the ambient IoT device Rx power ranges between -30 and -20 dBm, communication is impossible without a capacitor, but communication may be possible after a charging time with a capacitor.

[0375] - Energy harvested from various energy sources (e.g., solar, thermal, wind, kinetic, etc.) is accumulated in a single capacitor and a low-power communication module is operated at a desired time.

[0376]

[0377] FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of power consumption according to the operating state of an energy harvesting-based device with energy storage capability in a system applicable to the present disclosure, and the device energy state at that time.

[0378] Figure 5 is an example of power consumption according to the operating state of an energy harvesting-based device with energy storage capability, and the device energy state at that time.

[0379] In the figure below of Fig. 5, S1 may be a sleep state, S2 may be an active state, and P1 and P2 may be power consumption in the S1 and S2 states, respectively.

[0380] Active state can mean a state in which the device consumes power to perform operations such as receiving / transmitting, sensing, etc. for communication, and sleep state can be a state that is not active.

[0381] The upper figure of Fig. 5 may be a device energy state corresponding to the figure below.

[0382] E1, E2 values ​​may vary by device (type / class) and may be reported by the device to the R / base station as capability parameters.

[0383] E2 can be defined as the energy value in the buffer state, and E1 can be defined as the minimum energy value required in the active state.

[0384] The transition from S1 to S2 is possible only when the device energy state value is Alt.G1) E2, or has reached E2, or is greater than Alt.G2) E1, i.e., is possible in the range of E1 to E2, and Alt.G1 is assumed in Fig. G1.

[0385] Ambient IoT devices can be implemented in a variety of connection topologies. For example, the Rel-18 Ambient IoT study defined the following four connection topologies to support Ambient IoT communications in 3GPP communication systems.

[0386] Topology (1): Base Station ↔ Ambient IoT device

[0387] NOTE: Includes the possibility of BS Rx and BS Tx in different BSs.

[0388] Topology (2): Base Station ↔ Intermediate Node ↔ Ambient IoT Device

[0389]

[0390] NOTE: Intermediate node can be relay, IAB, UE, repeater, etc. which is capable of ambient IoT.

[0391] Topology (3): Base Station ↔ Assisting Node ↔ Ambient IoT Device ↔ Base Station (Topology (3): BS ↔ Assisting Node ↔ Ambient IoT Device ↔ BS)

[0392] NOTE: Assisting node can be relay, IAB, UE, repeater, etc. which is capable of ambient IoT.

[0393] Topology (4): UE ↔ Ambient IoT device.

[0394]

[0395] Ambient IoT devices can support backscattered UL transmission for low-power UL transmission. For example, the previously described Ambient IoT devices A / B / i / ii can support backscattered UL transmission. Ambient IoT devices require externally provided CW for backscattered UL transmission. CW can also be used to power Ambient IoT devices or as a carrier wave for DL ​​transmission, regardless of the UL transmission mode (i.e., backscattered UL transmission or internally generated UL transmission).

[0396] CW waveforms can be supported in various types. For example, they can be single-tone CW or more complex multi-tone waveforms. Single-tone CW uses fewer resources and thus can be advantageous over multi-tone CW in terms of tag or reader multiplexing capacity and interference. On the other hand, multi-tone CW offers advantages such as greater energy transfer when transmitting CW downlink and greater coverage from a single device.

[0397] Considering the somewhat conflicting advantages of these different CW waveform types, the Ambient IoT system can support multiple CW waveform types and have the base station / IN / AN / UE configure them. For example, the CW waveform types supported by the Ambient IoT communication system can be configured / defined in advance in the specification, and the base station / IN / AN / UE can select one of the supported CW waveform types and transmit it to the Ambient IoT device via DL. The base station / IN / AN / UE can configure / instruct / indicate the selected CW waveform type to the Ambient IoT device in the form of a preamble / frame-sync transmitted via DL or a command / message transmitted as a payload.

[0398] In the present disclosure, if CW1 and CW2 are each composed of a single tone but the tones have different frequency positions, CW1 and CW2 can be classified as different CW waveform types. In addition, if CW3 and CW4 are each composed of multiple tones but the number of tones they comprise or the frequency positions they comprise are different, CW3 and CW4 can be classified as different CW waveform types.

[0399] Ambient IoT devices may have a fixed clock with a large sample-to-sample error due to issues such as power consumption and cost. With such clocks, synchronized operation with coexisting wireless communication systems (e.g., 4G / 5G / 6G) can be challenging. For example, when supporting Ambient IoT devices in a wireless communication system, it is unlikely that the Ambient IoT device will be able to recognize the frame structure and numerology (SCS, CP) of the wireless communication system and operate in sync. Failure to address these issues could negatively impact the performance and complexity of the coexisting wireless communication system.

[0400] In particular, in backscattered UL transmission of Ambient IoT devices, it is necessary to consider a method in which the base station / IN / AN / UE instructs the Ambient IoT UL symbol / modulation timing / clock considering the CP-OFDM structure for Ambient IoT DL reception and / or UL transmission by considering the CP-OFDM structure itself.

[0401] In order to solve / mitigate such problems, the present disclosure proposes an operation and a specific method in which a base station / IN / AN / UE and / or CWN transmits Ambient IoT DL / UL symbol timing / clock information to an Ambient IoT device, and the Ambient IoT device performs DL reception / UL transmission based on this timing / clock information. The proposed method has an advantage in that it can transmit Ambient IoT DL / UL symbol timing / clock for DL ​​reception / UL transmission of the Ambient IoT device without separate resource allocation / consumption by using CW for DL / UL data transmission and / or ES resources for EH. Through the present disclosure, it is expected that a wireless communication system can support a wider range of IoT services by supporting IoT devices of more diverse types / classes / capabilities without additional resource allocation / consumption.

[0402] In this disclosure, DL and R→T may be interpreted as having the same meaning and may include the meaning of a carrier wave node-to-Tag / Ambient IoT device link. In addition, UL and T→R may be interpreted as having the same meaning.

[0403]

[0404] Ambient IoT Symbol Timing / Clock Transmission Method

[0405] The base station / IN / AN / UE can transmit Ambient IoT DL / UL symbol timing / clock information by applying ASK / PSK / FSK modulation using CW and / or ES as carrier. The CW can be unmodulated CW for backscattering, modulated CW carrying preamble / frame-sync / payload to be transmitted in DL, or a separate CW for transmitting the timing / clock information. The separate CW can be transmitted in a separate time / frequency resource from the CW for backscattering and / or DL ​​data transmission within the same base station / IN / AN / UE, or can be transmitted in a separate CWN.

[0406] CW / ES can be of various waveform types including single-tone, multi-tone, etc. Ambient IoT DL / UL symbol timing / clock can be generated at fixed intervals, or DL / UL symbol intervals can vary in time (in the form of a specific pattern repeating), such as CP-OFDM structure in 4G / 5G wireless communication systems.

[0407] Ambient IoT DL / UL symbol timing / clock information can be the starting point / clock information of an unencoded (before encoding) symbol, or the starting point / clock information of an encoded (after encoding) symbol. This symbol starting point / clock information can be transmitted for each symbol, or transmitted per symbol group and / or at a specific cycle. If transmitted per symbol group and / or at a specific cycle, it can be the starting point or reference clock / timing information of the symbol group and / or the specific cycle, in which case the Ambient IoT device can generate a symbol generation clock / timing at a fixed interval within the symbol group and / or the specific cycle based on this. The symbol group and / or the specific cycle can be defined in units of 0.5 ms or in units of slots, for example, for time alignment with the 4G / 5G frame structure / numerology.

[0408] An Ambient IoT device or a base station receiving CW / ES can obtain the transmitted Ambient IoT symbol timing / clock information by performing ASK / PSK / FSK demodulation or detecting CW / ES amplitude (or envelope) / phase / frequency changes by applying ASK / PSK / FSK modulation to CW / ES as proposed in the above [Ambient IoT symbol timing / clock transmission method].

[0409] The ASK / PSK / FSK modulation for transmitting the above Ambient IoT DL / UL symbol timing / clock information may be transmitted over the entire CW / ES (transmitted section), over a specific unit time interval (e.g., symbol group) within the entire section, or only over a portion of the section (e.g., the beginning). If only a portion of the section is transmitted, unmodulated CW may be transmitted over the remaining portion.

[0410]

[0411] How to create an Ambient IoT UL symbol

[0412] An Ambient IoT device can apply ASK / PSK / FSK modulation and / or generate UL (modulated) symbols based on the Ambient IoT DL / UL symbol timing / clock information received / acquired in the manner proposed in the above [Ambient IoT Symbol Timing / Clock Transmission Method] and transmit them in UL. For convenience, the modulation step for UL transmission will be referred to as the second modulation step, and the modulation step for Ambient IoT symbol timing / clock transmission described in the above [Ambient IoT Symbol Timing / Clock Transmission Method] will be referred to as the first modulation step.

[0413] In the case where an Ambient IoT device performs backscattered UL transmission using modulated CW / ES in the first modulation step, in order to remove / alleviate ambiguity from the reception perspective of the receiver (base station / IN / AN / UE) due to overlapping / dual modulation, the modulation effect in the first modulation step can be removed before or during the application of ASK / PSK / FSK modulation in the second modulation step for UL transmission. For example, when ASK is applied in the first step, an amplitude flattening operation may be performed before applying ASK / PSK / FSK modulation in the second modulation step, or when applying ASK / PSK / FSK modulation in the second modulation step, the modulation value applied in the first modulation step may be subtracted from the modulation value in the second modulation step and applied, thereby removing the modulation effect in the first modulation step together with the modulation in the second modulation step. Alternatively, in the case of possible Ambient IoT devices, it may be configured to switch to internally generated UL transmission. That is, after generating a (separate flat) CW, UL transmission can be performed by applying ASK / PSK / FSK modulation in the second modulation stage.

[0414]

[0415] [Example #1] Ambient IoT Symbol Timing / Clock Transmission Method Based on ASK Modulation

[0416] FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of an ASK modulation-based Ambient IoT symbol timing / clock transmission method in a system applicable to the present disclosure.

[0417] (1) The base station / IN / AN / UE transmits Ambient IoT symbol DL / UL timing / clock information by applying ASK modulation with modulation depth X to CW / ES (CW1 in Fig. 6) in the first modulation step in units of Ambient IoT symbols or symbol groups.

[0418] (2) The Ambient IoT device performs ASK demodulation from CW / ES (CW1 in Fig. 6), i.e., detects changes in CW amplitude (or envelope), acquires / extracts Ambient IoT symbol DL / UL timing / clock information, and performs Ambient IoT DL symbol reception and / or UL symbol transmission based on the acquired / extracted Ambient IoT symbol DL / UL timing / clock.

[0419] (2-1) For example, an Ambient IoT device can generate a clock that is triggered by a change in the amplitude (or envelope) of CW / ES received in DL, and determine the timing of symbol generation and / or modulation application for UL transmission based on the clock.

[0420] (3) Ambient IoT device generates an Ambient IoT symbol by applying ASK modulation with modulation depth Y in the second modulation step during the above UL transmission and transmits it in UL (CW2 in Fig. 6).

[0421] (3-1) The X value in the first modulation stage and the Y value in the second modulation stage have the relationship X < Y.

[0422] (3-1-1) Even in a duplicate / dual modulation situation, demodulation of UL transmission information with modulation applied only in the second modulation stage is possible.

[0423] (3-2) The X value in the first modulation stage and the Y value in the second modulation stage have the relationship X > Y.

[0424] (3-2-1) Ambient IoT DL / UL symbol timing / clock transmission priority method

[0425] (3-3) Method for removing modulation depth X ASK modulation effect in the first modulation stage

[0426] (3-3-1) CW / ES amplitude flattening operation

[0427] (3-3-2) Apply modulation depth Z ASK

[0428] (3-3-3) The Z value is a value that compensates for the modulation depth X ASK. The Z value can be determined based on the X value and Y value (e.g., Z=YX)

[0429] (3-3-4) Create a separate flat CW

[0430] (4) Ambient IoT device generates an Ambient IoT symbol by applying PSK modulation in the second modulation step during the above UL transmission and transmits it in UL.

[0431] (4-1) Method for removing modulation depth X ASK modulation effect in the first modulation stage

[0432] (4-1-1) CW / ES amplitude flattening operation

[0433] (4-1-2) Create a separate flat CW

[0434] (5) The Ambient IoT device applies FSK modulation in the second modulation step during the above UL transmission to generate an Ambient IoT symbol and transmit it in UL.

[0435] (5-1) Method for removing modulation depth X ASK modulation effect in the first modulation stage

[0436] (5-1-1) CW / ES amplitude flattening operation

[0437] (5-1-2) Create a separate flat CW

[0438]

[0439] When the ASK / PSK / FSK modulation for transmitting the above Ambient IoT DL / UL symbol timing / clock information is applied only to some time intervals (e.g., symbol group and / or start interval of a specific period) of the CW (the interval in which CW is transmitted) and unmodulated CW is transmitted in the remaining intervals, the modulation depth Y value that the Ambient IoT device applies to the modulated CW interval in the second modulation step and the Y' value that it applies to the unmodulated CW interval may be different. For example, Y < Y' may be satisfactorily.

[0440] Alternatively, a specific unit time interval (e.g., a start interval of a symbol group and / or a specific period, and / or an interval including preamble / frame-sync signal transmission, an interval set for periodic Ambient IoT symbol timing / clock sync) may be set / defined, and ASK modulation of depth A may be applied in the first modulation step during the interval. For CW received during this interval, the Ambient IoT device may only obtain symbol timing / clock information and / or use it only for its own timing / clock correction purpose, and may not use the CW for backscattered UL transmission. In this case, depth A may have a value different from the above X value (e.g., A > X).

[0441] Ambient IoT symbol timing / clock information transmitted DL may require a certain amount of time, T1, for an Ambient IoT device to acquire / extract symbol timing / clock and / or complete symbol timing recovery operations. The T1 time may be reflected in the BS / IN / AN / UE DL / UL scheduling time. For example, the BS / IN / AN / UE may need to transmit the Ambient IoT DL / UL symbol timing / clock T2 time earlier than the intended DL reception / UL transmission time considering the T1 time. Alternatively, the BS / IN / AN / UE may not expect DL transmission and / or UL reception before T3 time after transmitting the Ambient IoT DL / UL symbol timing / clock information. From the Ambient IoT device's perspective, DL reception / UL transmission may not be required before T4 time after receiving (starting point / ending point) the Ambient IoT DL / UL symbol timing / clock. Here, T2 and / or T3 and / or T4 may be values ​​determined based on T1, may be preset in the spec to be greater than or equal to T1, or may be set semi-statically / dynamically.

[0442]

[0443] [Description of the first device (base station / IN / AN / UE) claim]

[0444] The embodiments described below are specifically described with reference to FIG. 7 in terms of the operation of the first device. The methods described below are distinguished for convenience of explanation, and it is understood that some components of one method may be substituted for or combined with some components of another method, as long as they are not mutually exclusive.

[0445] FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of an operation process of a first device in a system applicable to the present disclosure.

[0446] In the embodiment of FIG. 7, the first device may correspond to a base station / IN / AN / UE, and the second device may correspond to an Ambient IoT device.

[0447] At step S710, the first device transmits to the second device a carrier wave (CW) or an energizing signal (ES) to which a first modulation is applied with symbol timing information or clock information based on one of amplitude shift keying (ASK), phase shift keying (PSK), or frequency shift keying (FSK).

[0448] In step S720, the first device receives an uplink signal (UL signal) to which a second modulation is applied based on the symbol timing information or the clock information from the second device. The first modulation and the second modulation have the same or different modulation methods.

[0449]

[0450] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, the uplink signal may have the second modulation applied based on one of the ASK, the PSK, or the FSK modulation schemes.

[0451] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, the CW or the ES may have the first modulation applied based on a first modulation depth. The uplink signal may have the second modulation applied based on a second modulation depth. The first modulation depth and the second modulation depth may be different from each other.

[0452] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, the uplink signal may be a backscattered UL signal based on the CW or the ES.

[0453] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, the uplink signal may be a signal to which the second modulation is applied after the modulation effect of the first modulation for the CW or the ES is removed.

[0454] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, the modulation effect of the first modulation on the CW or the ES can be removed by: amplitude flattening, or by applying the second modulation by subtracting the modulation value of the first modulation from the modulation value of the second modulation.

[0455] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, a first time period may be required from the time of transmission of the CW or the ES until the symbol timing information or the clock information is extracted from the CW or the ES. A second time period or longer may be required from the time of transmission of the CW or the ES until the time of reception of the uplink signal. The second time period may be based on the first time period.

[0456]

[0457] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, a first device is provided in a wireless communication system. The first device includes a transceiver and at least one processor, wherein the at least one processor may be configured to perform the operating method of the first device according to FIG. 7.

[0458]

[0459] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, an apparatus for controlling a first device in a wireless communication system is provided. The apparatus includes at least one processor and at least one memory operably connected to the at least one processor. The at least one memory may be configured to store instructions for performing an operating method of the first device according to FIG. 7 based on instructions executed by the at least one processor.

[0460]

[0461] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, one or more non-transitory computer-readable media (CRM) storing one or more instructions are provided. The one or more instructions, when executed by one or more processors, perform operations, and the operations may include a method of operating a first device according to FIG. 7.

[0462]

[0463] [Description of the second device (Ambient IoT device) claim]

[0464] The embodiments described below are specifically described with reference to FIG. 8 in terms of the operation of a second device (Reader / interrogator or base station (BS)). The methods described below are distinguished for convenience of explanation, and it is understood that some components of one method may be substituted for some components of another method, or may be applied in combination with each other, as long as they are not mutually exclusive.

[0465] FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of an operation process of a second device in a system applicable to the present disclosure.

[0466] In the embodiment of FIG. 8, the first device may correspond to a base station / IN / AN / UE, and the second device may correspond to an Ambient IoT device.

[0467] At step S810, the second device receives a carrier wave (CW) or an energizing signal (ES) to which a first modulation is applied with symbol timing information or clock information based on one of amplitude shift keying (ASK), phase shift keying (PSK), or frequency shift keying (FSK) from the first device.

[0468] In step S820, the second device transmits an uplink signal (UL signal) to the first device with a second modulation applied based on the symbol timing information or the clock information. The first modulation and the second modulation have the same or different modulation methods.

[0469]

[0470] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, the uplink signal may have the second modulation applied based on one of the ASK, the PSK, or the FSK modulation schemes.

[0471] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, the CW or the ES may have the first modulation applied based on a first modulation depth. The uplink signal may have the second modulation applied based on a second modulation depth. The first modulation depth and the second modulation depth may be different from each other.

[0472] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, the uplink signal may be a backscattered UL signal based on the CW or the ES.

[0473] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, the uplink signal may be a signal to which the second modulation is applied after the modulation effect of the first modulation for the CW or the ES is removed.

[0474] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, the modulation effect of the first modulation on the CW or the ES can be removed by: amplitude flattening, or by applying the second modulation by subtracting the modulation value of the first modulation from the modulation value of the second modulation.

[0475] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, a first time period may be required from the time of reception of the CW or the ES until the symbol timing information or the clock information is extracted from the CW or the ES. A second time period or longer may be required from the time of reception of the CW or the ES until the time of transmission of the uplink signal. The second time period may be based on the first time period.

[0476]

[0477] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, a second device is provided in a wireless communication system. The second device includes a transceiver and at least one processor, wherein the at least one processor may be configured to perform the operating method of the second device according to FIG. 8.

[0478]

[0479] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, an apparatus for controlling a second device in a wireless communication system is provided. The apparatus includes at least one processor and at least one memory operably connected to the at least one processor. The at least one memory may be configured to store instructions for performing an operating method of the second device according to FIG. 8 based on instructions executed by the at least one processor.

[0480]

[0481] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, one or more non-transitory computer-readable media (CRM) storing one or more commands are provided. The one or more commands, when executed by one or more processors, perform operations, and the operations may include a method of operating a second device according to FIG. 8.

[0482]

[0483] Wireless devices applicable to the present disclosure

[0484] Below, examples of wireless devices to which various embodiments of the present disclosure are applied are described.

[0485] FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of the structure of a first device and a second device in a system applicable to the present disclosure.

[0486] The first device (1600) may include a processor (1610), an antenna unit (1620), a transceiver (1630), and a memory (1640).

[0487] The processor (1610) performs baseband-related signal processing and may include a higher layer processing unit (1611) and a physical layer processing unit (1615). The higher layer processing unit (1611) may process operations of a MAC layer, an RRC layer, or higher layers. The physical layer processing unit (1615) may process operations of a PHY layer. For example, when the first device (1600) is a base station device in base station-to-terminal communication, the physical layer processing unit (1615) may perform uplink reception signal processing, downlink transmission signal processing, etc. For example, when the first device (1600) is a first terminal device in terminal-to-terminal communication, the physical layer processing unit (1615) may perform downlink reception signal processing, uplink transmission signal processing, sidelink transmission signal processing, etc. In addition to performing baseband-related signal processing, the processor (1610) may also control the overall operation of the first device (1600).

[0488] The antenna unit (1620) may include one or more physical antennas, and when it includes multiple antennas, it may support MIMO transmission and reception. The transceiver (1630) may include an RF (Radio Frequency) transmitter and an RF receiver. The memory (1640) may store information processed by the processor (1610), and software, an operating system, applications, etc. related to the operation of the first device (1600), and may also include components such as a buffer.

[0489] The processor (1610) of the first device (1600) may be configured to implement the operation of the base station in the base station-to-terminal communication (or the operation of the first terminal device in the terminal-to-terminal communication) in the embodiments described in the present disclosure.

[0490]

[0491] The second device (1650) may include a processor (1660), an antenna unit (1670), a transceiver (1680), and a memory (1690).

[0492] The processor (1660) performs baseband-related signal processing and may include a higher layer processing unit (1661) and a physical layer processing unit (1665). The higher layer processing unit (1661) may process operations of a MAC layer, an RRC layer, or higher layers. The physical layer processing unit (1665) may process operations of a PHY layer. For example, when the second device (1650) is a terminal device in base station-terminal communication, the physical layer processing unit (1665) may perform downlink reception signal processing, uplink transmission signal processing, etc. For example, when the second device (1650) is a second terminal device in terminal-to-terminal communication, the physical layer processing unit (1665) may perform downlink reception signal processing, uplink transmission signal processing, sidelink reception signal processing, etc. In addition to performing baseband-related signal processing, the processor (1660) may also control the overall operation of the second device (1660).

[0493] The antenna unit (1670) may include one or more physical antennas, and when including multiple antennas, may support MIMO transmission and reception. The transceiver (1680) may include an RF transmitter and an RF receiver. The memory (1690) may store information processed by the processor (1660), and software, an operating system, applications, etc. related to the operation of the second device (1650), and may also include components such as a buffer.

[0494] The processor (1660) of the second device (1650) may be configured to implement operations of the terminal in base station-to-terminal communication (or operations of the second terminal device in terminal-to-terminal communication) in the embodiments described in the present disclosure.

[0495] In the operation of the first device (1600) and the second device (1650), the same explanations given for the base station and the terminal (or the first terminal and the second terminal in the terminal-to-terminal communication) in the examples of the present disclosure may be applied, and any duplicate explanations are omitted.

[0496]

[0497] Here, the wireless communication technology implemented in the device (1600, 1650) of the present disclosure may include LTE, NR, and 6G as well as various other wireless communication technologies.

[0498]

[0499] The claims described in the various embodiments of the present disclosure may be combined in various ways. For example, the technical features of the method claims of the various embodiments of the present disclosure may be combined and implemented as a device, and the technical features of the device claims of the various embodiments of the present disclosure may be combined and implemented as a method. Furthermore, the technical features of the method claims of the various embodiments of the present disclosure may be combined and implemented as a device, and the technical features of the method claims of the various embodiments of the present disclosure may be combined and implemented as a method.

Claims

1. In a method performed by a first device, A step of transmitting a carrier wave (CW) or an energizing signal (ES) to which a first modulation is applied with symbol timing information or clock information based on one of the modulation methods of amplitude shift keying (ASK), phase shift keying (PSK), or frequency shift keying (FSK) to a second device; A step of receiving an uplink signal (UL signal) to which a second modulation is applied based on the symbol timing information or the clock information from the second device, The above first modulation and the above second modulation have the same or different modulation methods. method.

2. In paragraph 1, The above uplink signal has the second modulation applied based on one of the modulation methods of the ASK, the PSK, or the FSK. method.

3. In paragraph 2, The CW or ES is applied with the first modulation based on the first modulation depth, The above uplink signal is subjected to the second modulation based on the second modulation depth, The first modulation depth and the second modulation depth are different from each other. method.

4. In paragraph 2, The above uplink signal is a backscattered uplink signal based on the CW or the ES. method.

5. In paragraph 4, The above uplink signal is a signal to which the second modulation is applied after the modulation effect of the first modulation for the CW or the ES is removed. method.

6. In paragraph 5, The modulation effect of the first modulation on the CW or ES is: removed by amplitude flattening, or The modulation value of the first modulation is subtracted from the modulation value of the second modulation, thereby removing the second modulation. method.

7. In paragraph 1, A first time is required from the time of transmission of the CW or the ES until the symbol timing information or the clock information is extracted from the CW or the ES, A second time period or more is required from the time of transmission of the CW or the ES to the time of reception of the uplink signal, The above second time is based on the above first time, method.

8. In a method performed by a second device, A step of receiving a carrier wave (CW) or an energizing signal (ES) to which a first modulation is applied with symbol timing information or clock information based on one of amplitude shift keying (ASK), phase shift keying (PSK), or frequency shift keying (FSK) modulation methods from a first device; A step of transmitting an uplink signal (UL signal) to which a second modulation is applied based on the symbol timing information or the clock information to the first device, The above first modulation and the above second modulation have the same or different modulation methods. method.

9. In paragraph 8, The above uplink signal has the second modulation applied based on one of the modulation methods of the ASK, the PSK, or the FSK. method.

10. In paragraph 9, The CW or ES is applied with the first modulation based on the first modulation depth, The above uplink signal is subjected to the second modulation based on the second modulation depth, The first modulation depth and the second modulation depth are different from each other. method.

11. In paragraph 9, The above uplink signal is a backscattered uplink signal based on the CW or the ES. method.

12. In paragraph 11, The above uplink signal is a signal to which the second modulation is applied after the modulation effect of the first modulation for the CW or the ES is removed. method.

13. In paragraph 12, The modulation effect of the first modulation on the CW or ES is: removed by amplitude flattening, or The modulation value of the first modulation is subtracted from the modulation value of the second modulation, thereby removing the second modulation. method.

14. In paragraph 8, A first time is required from the time of reception of the CW or the ES until the symbol timing information or the clock information is extracted from the CW or the ES, A second time period or more is required from the time of reception of the CW or the ES to the time of transmission of the uplink signal, The above second time is based on the above first time, method.

15. In the first device, Transmitter and receiver; at least one processor; and At least one memory operably connectable to said at least one processor and storing instructions that, when executed by said at least one processor, perform operations; The above actions are, Comprising all steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, First device.

16. In the second device, Transmitter and receiver; at least one processor; and At least one memory operably connectable to said at least one processor and storing instructions that, when executed by said at least one processor, perform operations; The above actions are, Comprising all steps of the method according to any one of claims 8 to 14, Second device.

17. In a control device that controls the first device, at least one processor; and comprising at least one memory operably connected to at least one of the processors; The at least one memory stores instructions for performing operations based on being executed by the at least one processor, The above actions are, Comprising all steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, controller.

18. In a control device that controls a second device, at least one processor; and comprising at least one memory operably connected to at least one of the processors; The at least one memory stores instructions for performing operations based on being executed by the at least one processor, The above actions are, Comprising all steps of the method according to any one of claims 8 to 14, controller.

19. In one or more non-transitory computer-readable media storing one or more instructions, The one or more instructions perform operations based on being executed by one or more processors, The above actions are, Comprising all steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, Computer readable medium.

20. In one or more non-transitory computer-readable media storing one or more instructions, The one or more instructions perform operations based on being executed by one or more processors, The above actions are, Comprising all steps of the method according to any one of claims 8 to 14, Computer readable medium.

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