Method and apparatus for transmitting or receiving low power-synchronization signal and low power-wake up signal in wireless communication system

Abstract

Disclosed are a method and an apparatus for transmitting or receiving a low power-synchronization signal (LP-SS) and a low power-wake up signal (LP-WUS) in a wireless communication system. A method according to one embodiment of the present disclosure may comprise the steps of: receiving, by a terminal from a network, configuration information about at least one of a first occasion for a synchronization signal (SS) or a second occasion for a wake up signal (WUS); receiving, by the terminal, the SS from the network in the first occasion; and receiving, by the terminal, the WUS from the network in the second occasion.

Description

Method and device for transmitting or receiving a low-power synchronization signal and a low-power wake-up signal in a wireless communication system

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a wireless communication system, and more particularly, to a method and apparatus for transmitting or receiving a low power-synchronization signal (LP-SS) and a low power-wake up signal (LP-WUS) in a wireless communication system.

[0002] The fifth generation (5G) wireless communication system, the successor to 4G LTE (long-term evolution), is a new, clean-slate mobile communication system characterized by high performance, low latency, and high availability. 5G NR (New Radio) can utilize all available spectrum resources, from low-frequency bands below 1 GHz, to intermediate-frequency bands between 1 GHz and 10 GHz, and to high-frequency (or millimeter wave) bands above 24 GHz. 6G wireless communication systems are being developed based on the underlying technologies of 5G wireless communication.

[0003] The 6G wireless communication system is being developed with the goals of (i) very high data rates per device, (ii) a very large number of connected devices, (iii) global connectivity, (iv) very low latency, (v) reduced energy consumption of battery-free Internet of Things (IoT) devices, (vi) ultra-reliable connectivity, and (vii) connected intelligence with machine learning capabilities. The vision of the 6G system can be divided into four aspects: intelligent connectivity, deep connectivity, holographic connectivity, and ubiquitous connectivity. Considering the requirements of the 6G system, such as a peak data rate of 1 Tbps per device, an end-to-end latency of 1 ms, a maximum spectrum efficiency of 100 bps / Hz, support for mobility of 1000 km / h, satellite integration, artificial intelligence (AI), autonomous vehicles, extended reality (XR), and haptic communication, various technologies are being researched.

[0004] The technical problem of the present disclosure is to provide a method and device for transmitting or receiving a low power-synchronization signal (LP-SS) and a low power-wake up signal (LP-WUS) based on a transmission / reception opportunity in a wireless communication system.

[0005] The technical problems to be achieved in the present disclosure are not limited to the technical problems mentioned above, and other technical problems not mentioned can be clearly understood by a person having ordinary skill in the technical field to which the present disclosure belongs from the description below.

[0006] A method according to one aspect of the present disclosure may include the steps of: receiving, by a terminal, from a network, configuration information for at least one of a first occasion for a synchronization signal (SS) or a second occasion for a wake-up signal (WUS); receiving, by the terminal, from the network the SS at the first occasion; and receiving, by the terminal, the WUS at the second occasion from the network.

[0007] A method according to an additional aspect of the present disclosure may include the steps of: transmitting, by a base station, to a terminal, configuration information for at least one of a first occasion for a synchronization signal (SS) or a second occasion for a wake-up signal (WUS); transmitting, by the base station, the SS to the terminal at the first occasion; and transmitting, by the base station, the WUS to the terminal at the second occasion.

[0008] According to the present disclosure, a method and device for transmitting or receiving a low power-synchronization signal (LP-SS) and a low power-wake up signal (LP-WUS) based on a transmission / reception opportunity in a wireless communication system can be provided.

[0009] The effects that can be obtained from the present disclosure are not limited to the effects mentioned above, and other effects that are not mentioned will be clearly understood by a person having ordinary skill in the art to which the present disclosure pertains from the description below.

[0010] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and are part of the detailed description to aid in understanding the present disclosure, provide embodiments of the present disclosure and, together with the detailed description, describe the technical features of the present disclosure.

[0011] Figure 1 illustrates a flexible network topology to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0012] FIG. 2 illustrates an example of a communication system to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0013] FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a wireless device to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0014] FIG. 4 exemplarily illustrates a communication procedure between a first node and a second node to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0015] FIG. 5 illustrates a functional framework for AI operations to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0016] FIG. 6 illustrates an example of operations related to AI model training and AI model inference to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0017] FIG. 7 illustrates another example of operations related to AI model training and AI model inference to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0018] FIG. 8 illustrates another example of operations related to AI model training and AI model inference to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0019] FIG. 9 illustrates an electromagnetic spectrum to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0020] FIG. 10 illustrates an example of a system information transmission / reception procedure to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0021] FIG. 11 exemplarily illustrates a beam management procedure to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0022] Figures 12 and 13 illustrate examples of NTN scenarios to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0023] FIG. 14 illustrates examples of sensing operations to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0024] FIG. 15 is a drawing for explaining an example of a method performed by a terminal according to the present disclosure.

[0025] FIG. 16 is a drawing illustrating an example of a method performed by a base station according to the present disclosure.

[0026] FIG. 17 illustrates various examples of SS / WUS opportunities according to transmission method 1 of the present disclosure.

[0027] FIG. 18 illustrates examples of SS / WUS opportunities according to transmission methods 2 and 3 of the present disclosure.

[0028] FIG. 19 illustrates other examples of SS / WUS opportunities according to transmission method 3 of the present disclosure.

[0029] Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The detailed description set forth below, together with the accompanying drawings, is intended to explain exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure and is not intended to represent the only embodiments in which the present disclosure may be practiced. The following detailed description includes specific details to provide a thorough understanding of the present disclosure. However, one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the present disclosure may be practiced without these specific details.

[0030] In some cases, to avoid obscuring the concepts of the present disclosure, known structures and devices may be omitted or illustrated in block diagram form focusing on the core functions of each structure and device.

[0031] In the present disclosure, when a component is said to be "connected," "coupled," or "connected" to another component, this may include not only a direct connection but also an indirect connection in which another component exists between them. Furthermore, the terms "comprises" or "has" in the present disclosure specify the presence of the mentioned features, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof.

[0032] In this disclosure, terms such as “first,” “second,” etc. are used only to distinguish one component from another and are not used to limit the components, and do not limit the order or importance between the components unless specifically stated otherwise. Accordingly, within the scope of this disclosure, a first component in one embodiment may be referred to as a second component in another embodiment, and similarly, a second component in one embodiment may be referred to as a first component in another embodiment.

[0033] The terminology used in this disclosure is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of the claims. As used in the description of the embodiments and the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.

[0034] In this disclosure, "A or B" can mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." In other words, "A or B" in this disclosure can be interpreted as "A and / or B." For example, "A, B or C" in this disclosure can mean "only A," "only B," "only C," or "any combination of A, B and C."

[0035] As used herein, a slash ( / ) or a comma may mean "and / or." For example, "A / B" may mean "A and / or B." Accordingly, "A / B" may mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." For example, "A, B, C" may mean "A, B, or C."

[0036] In the present disclosure, “at least one of A and B” may mean “only A,” “only B,” or “both A and B.” Additionally, in the present disclosure, the expressions “at least one of A or B” or “at least one of A and / or B” may be interpreted identically to “at least one of A and B.”

[0037] Additionally, in the present disclosure, “at least one of A, B and C” can mean “only A,” “only B,” “only C,” or “any combination of A, B and C.” Additionally, “at least one of A, B or C” or “at least one of A, B and / or C” can mean “at least one of A, B and C.”

[0038] Additionally, parentheses used in the present disclosure may mean "for example." Specifically, when indicated as "control information (PDCCH)", "PDCCH" may be described as an example of "control information." In other words, "control information" in the present disclosure is not limited to "PDCCH," and "PDCCH" may be described as an example of "control information." Furthermore, even when indicated as "control information (i.e., PDCCH)", "PDCCH" may be described as an example of "control information."

[0039] In the following explanation, 'when, if, in case of' can be replaced with 'based on'.

[0040] Technical features individually described in one drawing in this disclosure may be implemented individually or simultaneously.

[0041] In the present disclosure, a terminal or user equipment (UE) may be a portable device and may be a first node that receives a signal from a base station / second node / IAB (integrated access backhaul) node.

[0042] In the present disclosure, a base station (BS) may be a second node / IAB node / Transmission-Reception Point (TRP).

[0043] In the present disclosure, higher layer parameters may be parameters configured, pre-configured, or pre-defined for the terminal. For example, a base station or a network may transmit higher layer parameters to the terminal. For example, the higher layer parameters may be transmitted via radio resource control (RRC) signaling or medium access control (MAC) signaling.

[0044] In the present disclosure, "setting or defining" may be interpreted as being set to a device through predefined signaling (e.g., SIB (system information block), MAC, RRC) from a base station or network. In the present disclosure, "setting or defining" may be interpreted as being set to a device through separate signaling or being defined in advance without separate signaling.

[0045] In the present disclosure, transmitting or receiving a channel means transmitting or receiving information or a signal through the channel. For example, transmitting a control channel means transmitting control information or a signal through the control channel. Similarly, transmitting a data channel means transmitting data information or a signal through the data channel.

[0046] The technology described in the present disclosure can be used in various wireless communication systems such as CDMA (code division multiple access), FDMA (frequency division multiple access), TDMA (time division multiple access), OFDMA (orthogonal frequency division multiple access), and SC-FDMA (single carrier frequency division multiple access). CDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as UTRA (universal terrestrial radio access) or CDMA2000. TDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as GSM (global system for mobile communications) / GPRS (general packet radio service) / EDGE (enhanced data rates for GSM evolution). OFDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802-20, E-UTRA (evolved UTRA), LTE (long term evolution), and 5G NR.

[0047] The technology described in the present disclosure can be implemented with 6G wireless technology and applied to various 6G systems. For example, the 6G system can have key factors such as enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low latency communications (URLLC), massive machine-type communication (mMTC), artificial intelligence (AI) integrated communication, tactile internet, high throughput, high network capacity, high energy efficiency, low backhaul and access network congestion, and enhanced data security.

[0048] Network structure

[0049] Figure 1 illustrates a flexible network topology to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0050] To compensate for incomplete network coverage areas, a network topology that allows for more flexible and resilient split radio access networks (RANs) may be considered. For this purpose, various nodes, such as integrated access backhaul (IAB) nodes, relays, and radio frequency (RF) repeaters, as illustrated in Figure 1, may be applied, or a non-terrestrial network (NTN) may be integrated. For example, an IAB node may correspond to a node that provides wireless backhaul. For example, a relay may refer to any intermediate point, and in the case of a sidelink relay where a terminal functions as a relay, it may collectively refer to a terminal-to-network (U2N) relay and a terminal-to-terminal (U2U) relay. For example, an RF repeater may correspond to a node that simply performs the functions of signal amplification and forwarding, or in the case of a network-controlled repeater, it may not only amplify and forward signals but also adjust its transmission and reception settings based on information provided by the network. For example, NTN nodes could be satellites or aircraft that provide NTN coverage that terrestrial networks struggle to provide. Beyond these examples, various intermediate points can be introduced to improve the network topology.

[0051] Referring to Figure 1, a split RAN can support the division of a base station into a centralized unit (CU) and one or more distributed units (DUs). The CU and DU can correspond to logical units. The CU can be further divided into a control plane (CP) portion and one or more user plane (UP) portions. Since a failure in the CU-CP affects not only the CU-UP but also the DUs, various intermediate points can be introduced to compensate for this.

[0052] An intermediate point may correspond to a terminal or a base station, depending on its relationship to other nodes. For example, an IAB node may include a mobile-termination (MT) portion and a unit (DU). The MT may connect the IAB node to a donor node. The unit (DU) of an IAB node may serve other terminals or connect to other IAB nodes to provide multi-hop wireless backhaul to the terminal. For example, an IAB node may correspond to a base station in its relationship to a user-side node, and to a terminal in its relationship to a network-side node.

[0053] In some examples of the present disclosure, the description of a terminal may equally apply not only to a user-side endpoint, but also to an intermediate point corresponding to a terminal in a relative relationship with a network-side endpoint. Similarly, in some examples of the present disclosure, the description of a base station may equally apply not only to a network-side endpoint, but also to an intermediate point corresponding to a base station in a relative relationship with a user-side endpoint. In most cases where there is no additional description of the operations of three or more entities, the communicating entities in the present disclosure are briefly described as terminals and / or base stations (or first nodes and / or second nodes), where the terms terminal and / or base stations (or first nodes and / or second nodes) are interpreted to include / replace any endpoint or any intermediate point in relation to other nodes.

[0054] As such, in some examples of the present disclosure, for the sake of simplicity of explanation, the subjects of the operation may be referred to as terminals and / or base stations (or first nodes and / or second nodes). In addition, the terms terminal and / or base station (or first node and / or second node) may also be interpreted / replaced as in the following examples: For example, the terminal (or first node) and the base station (or second node) may respectively correspond to the first endpoint and the second endpoint; may respectively correspond to the endpoint and the intermediate point; may respectively correspond to the intermediate point and the endpoint; or may respectively correspond to the first intermediate point and the second intermediate point.

[0055] In the present disclosure, there may be zero or more intermediate points between the base station and the terminal. If an intermediate point exists, it may correspond to an IAB node / relay / RF repeater / NTN node, or a node supporting other functions. The intermediate point may be a node with a fixed location or a node with an unfixed location.

[0056] Systems applicable to this disclosure

[0057] FIG. 2 illustrates an example of a communication system to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0058] The communication system (100) applied to the present disclosure includes a wireless device (110), a network device (120), and a network (130). Here, the wireless device (110) refers to a device that performs communication using a wireless access technology (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A pro, NR, 5G, 5G-A, 6G) and may be referred to as a communication / wireless / 5G / 6G device. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device (110) may include a robot (110a), a vehicle (110b-1, 110b-2), an XR (extended reality) device (110c), a hand-held device (110d), a home appliance (110e), an IoT (Internet of Things) device (110f), and an AI (artificial intelligence) device / server (110g). For example, the vehicle may include a vehicle equipped with a wireless communication function, an autonomous vehicle, a vehicle capable of performing vehicle-to-vehicle communication, etc. Here, the vehicle (110b-1, 110b-2) may include an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) (e.g., a drone). The XR device (110c) includes an augmented reality (AR) / virtual reality (VR) / mixed reality (MR) device, and may be implemented in the form of a head-mounted device (HMD), a head-up display (HUD) equipped in a vehicle, a television, a smartphone, a computer, a wearable device, a home appliance, digital signage, a vehicle, a robot, etc. The portable device (110d) may include a smartphone, a smart pad, a wearable device (e.g., a smart watch, smart glasses), a computer (e.g., a laptop, etc.), etc. The home appliance (110e) may include a TV, a refrigerator, a washing machine, etc. The IoT device (110f) may include a sensor, a smart meter, etc. The wireless device (110) may correspond to a terminal (or first node) or an intermediate point.The network device (120) may correspond to a base station (or second node) or another intermediate point. For example, the network device (120) may also be implemented as a wireless device (110), and a specific wireless device (120a) may act as a network device (120) to another wireless device (110).

[0059] Wireless devices (110a to 110f) can be connected to a network (130) via a network device (120). AI technology can be applied to the wireless devices (110a to 110f), and the wireless devices (110a to 110f) can be connected to an AI server (110g) via a network (130). The network (130) can be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, a 5G (e.g., NR), or a 6G network. The wireless devices (110a to 110f) can communicate with each other via the network device (120) / network (130), but can also communicate directly (e.g., sidelink communication) without going through the network device (120) / network (130). For example, vehicles (110b-1, 110b-2) can communicate directly (e.g., V2V (vehicle to vehicle) / V2X (vehicle to everything) communication). Additionally, an IoT device (110f) (e.g., a sensor) can communicate directly with another IoT device (e.g., a sensor) or another wireless device (110a to 110f).

[0060] Wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can be established between wireless devices (110a to 110f) / network devices (120), network devices (120) / network devices (120). Here, the wireless communication / connection can be established through various wireless access technologies such as uplink / downlink communication (150a), sidelink communication (150b) (or D2D communication), and communication between network devices (150c) (e.g., relay, IAB (integrated access backhaul)). Through the wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c), the wireless device and the network device / wireless device, and the network device and the network device can transmit / receive wireless signals to each other. For example, the wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can transmit / receive signals through various physical channels. To this end, based on various descriptions of the present disclosure, at least some of various configuration information setting processes for transmitting / receiving wireless signals, various signal processing processes (e.g., channel encoding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, resource mapping / demapping, etc.), resource allocation processes, etc., may be performed.

[0061] Device applicable to the present disclosure

[0062] FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a wireless device to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0063] Referring to FIG. 3, the wireless device (200) can transmit and receive wireless signals via various wireless access technologies (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A pro, NR, 5G, 5G-A, 6G). The wireless device (200) includes at least one processor (202) and at least one memory (204), and may additionally include at least one transceiver (206) and / or at least one antenna (208).

[0064] The processor (202) controls the memory (204) and / or the transceiver (206), and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. For example, the processor (202) may process information in the memory (204) to generate first information / signal, and then transmit a wireless signal including the first information / signal via the transceiver (206). In addition, the processor (202) may receive a wireless signal including second information / signal via the transceiver (206), and then store information obtained from signal processing of the second information / signal in the memory (204). The memory (204) may be connected to the processor (202) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (202). For example, the memory (204) may store software code including instructions for performing some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (202), or for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein. Here, the processor (202) and the memory (204) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement wireless communication technology. The transceiver (206) may be connected to the processor (202) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals via at least one antenna (208). The transceiver (206) may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver (206) may be used interchangeably with an RF (radio frequency) unit. In the present disclosure, a wireless device may also mean a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0065] Hereinafter, the hardware elements of the wireless device (200) will be described in more detail. Although not limited thereto, at least one protocol layer may be implemented by at least one processor (202). For example, at least one processor (202) may implement at least one layer (e.g., a functional layer such as physical (PHY), media access control (MAC), radio link control (RLC), packet data convergence protocol (PDCP), radio resource control (RRC), and service data adaptation protocol (SDAP)). At least one processor (202) may generate at least one Protocol Data Unit (PDU) and / or at least one Service Data Unit (SDU) according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. At least one processor (202) may generate a message, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. At least one processor (202) can generate a signal (e.g., a baseband signal) comprising a PDU, an SDU, a message, control information, data or information according to the functions, procedures, proposals and / or methods disclosed in this document, and provide the signal to at least one transceiver (206). At least one processor (202) can receive a signal (e.g., a baseband signal) from at least one transceiver (206) and obtain the PDU, SDU, message, control information, data or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document.

[0066] At least one processor (202) may be referred to as a controller, a microcontroller, a microprocessor, or a microcomputer. The at least one processor (202) may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. For example, at least one application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), at least one digital signal processor (DSP), at least one digital signal processing device (DSPD), at least one programmable logic device (PLD), or at least one field programmable gate array (FPGA) may be included in the at least one processor (202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software, and the firmware or software may be implemented to include modules, procedures, functions, etc. The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document may be included in the at least one processor (202), or may be stored in at least one memory (204) and driven by the at least one processor (202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software in the form of code, instructions and / or sets of instructions.

[0067] At least one memory (204) can be connected to at least one processor (202) and can store various forms of data, signals, messages, information, programs, codes, instructions and / or commands. The at least one memory (204) can be configured as a read only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), an erasable programmable read only memory (EPROM), a flash memory, a hard drive, a register, a cache memory, a computer readable storage medium and / or a combination thereof. The at least one memory (204) can be located internally and / or externally to the at least one processor (202). In addition, the at least one memory (204) can be connected to the at least one processor (202) via various technologies such as a wired or wireless connection.

[0068] At least one transceiver (206) can transmit user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., mentioned in the methods and / or flowcharts of this document to at least one other device. At least one transceiver (206) can receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or flowcharts disclosed in this document from at least one other device. For example, at least one transceiver (206) can be connected to at least one processor (202) and can transmit and receive wireless signals. For example, at least one processor (202) can control at least one transceiver (206) to transmit user data, control information, or wireless signals to at least one other device. Furthermore, at least one processor (202) can control at least one transceiver (206) to receive user data, control information, or wireless signals from at least one other device. Additionally, at least one transceiver (206) may be connected to at least one antenna (208), and at least one transceiver (206) may be configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document via at least one antenna (208). In this document, at least one antenna may be a plurality of physical antennas or a plurality of logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). At least one transceiver (206) may convert the received wireless signals / channels, etc. from RF band signals to baseband signals in order to process the received user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. using at least one processor (202).At least one transceiver (206) may convert user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. processed by at least one processor (202) from a baseband signal to an RF band signal. For this purpose, at least one transceiver (206) may include an (analog) oscillator and / or filter.

[0069] The components of the wireless device described with reference to FIG. 3 may be referred to by different terms in terms of functionality. For example, the processor (202) may be referred to as a control unit, the transceiver (206) as a communication unit, and the memory (204) as a storage unit. In some cases, the communication unit may be used to mean at least a portion of the processor (202) and the transceiver (206).

[0070] The structure of the wireless device described with reference to FIG. 3 can be understood as the structure of at least a portion of various devices. For example, the structure of the wireless device illustrated in FIG. 3 can be at least a portion of various devices described with reference to FIG. 2 (e.g., a robot (110a), a vehicle (110b-1, 110b-2), an XR device (110c), a portable device (110d), a home appliance (110e), an IoT device (110f), an AI device / server (110g)). Furthermore, according to various embodiments, in addition to the components illustrated in FIG. 3, the device may further include other components.

[0071] For example, the device may be a portable device such as a smartphone, a smart pad, a wearable device (e.g., a smart watch, smart glasses), or a portable computer (e.g., a laptop, etc.). In this case, the device may further include at least one of a power supply unit that supplies power and includes a wired / wireless charging circuit, a battery, etc., an interface unit that includes at least one port for connection with another device (e.g., an audio input / output port, a video input / output port), and an input / output unit for inputting and outputting image information / signals, audio information / signals, data, and / or information input from a user.

[0072] For example, the device may be a mobile device such as a mobile robot, a vehicle, a train, an aerial vehicle (AV), a ship, etc. In this case, the device may further include at least one of a driving unit including at least one of an engine, a motor, a power train, wheels, brakes, and a steering unit of the device, a power supply unit including a wired / wireless charging circuit, a battery, etc. that supplies power, a sensor unit that senses status information, environmental information, and user information of the device or its surroundings, an autonomous driving unit that performs functions such as path maintenance, speed control, and destination setting, and a position measurement unit that obtains location information of the mobile device through a global positioning system (GPS) and various sensors.

[0073] For example, the device may be an XR device such as an HMD, a head-up display (HUD) installed in a vehicle, a television, a smartphone, a computer, a wearable device, a home appliance, a digital signage, a vehicle, a robot, etc. In this case, the device may further include at least one of a power supply unit that supplies power and includes a wired / wireless charging circuit, a battery, etc., an input / output unit that obtains control information, data, etc. from the outside and outputs the generated XR object, and a sensor unit that senses status information, environmental information, and user information of the device or the surroundings of the device.

[0074] For example, the device may be a robot that can be classified into industrial, medical, household, military, etc. types depending on the purpose or field of use. In this case, the device may further include at least one of a sensor unit that senses status information, environmental information, and user information of the device or its surroundings, and a driving unit that performs various physical actions, such as moving the robot joints.

[0075] For example, the device may be an AI device such as a TV, a projector, a smartphone, a PC, a laptop, a digital broadcasting terminal, a tablet PC, a wearable device, a set-top box (STB), a radio, a washing machine, a refrigerator, digital signage, a robot, a vehicle, etc. In this case, the device may further include at least one of an input unit that acquires various types of data from the outside, an output unit that generates output related to sight, hearing, or touch, a sensor unit that senses status information, environmental information, and user information of the device or its surroundings, and a training unit that trains a model composed of an artificial neural network using learning data.

[0076] The structure of the wireless device illustrated in FIG. 3 may be understood as a part of a terminal (or first node), or as a part of an intermediate point, or as a part of a base station (or second node). If the device illustrated in FIG. 3 is a base station (or second node), the device may further include a wired transceiver for front haul and / or back haul communications. If the front haul and / or back haul communications are based on wireless communications, at least one transceiver (206) illustrated in FIG. 3 may be used for front haul and / or backhaul communications, and a wired transceiver may not be included.

[0077] Communication procedures

[0078] FIG. 4 exemplarily illustrates a communication procedure between a first node and a second node to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0079] FIG. 4 illustrates operations of a first node (110) (e.g., a terminal) and a second node (120) (e.g., a base station) transmitting and / or receiving data and operations performed prior thereto.

[0080] In step S101, the first node (110) and the second node (120) can perform synchronization. For example, the terminal (110) performs an initial cell search operation. Specifically, the terminal (110) can detect at least one synchronization signal transmitted from the base station (120) according to a predefined rule. Here, the synchronization signal can include a plurality of synchronization signals (e.g., a primary synchronization signal, a secondary synchronization signal) classified according to a structure or purpose. Through this, the terminal (110) can confirm the boundaries of the frame, subframe, slot, and / or symbol of the base station (120) and obtain information (e.g., a cell identifier) ​​about the base station (120).

[0081] In step S103, the first node (110) can obtain system information transmitted from the second node (120). For example, the system information is information related to the properties, characteristics, and / or capabilities of the base station (120) required to access the base station (120) and use the service, and can be classified according to the content (e.g., whether it is essential for access), transmission structure (e.g., the channel used, whether it is provided in an on-demand manner), etc., and can be classified into, for example, a master information block (MIB) and a system information block (SIB). If necessary, the terminal (110) can transmit a signal requesting system information before receiving the system information. Such requesting and providing of system information may be performed after a random access procedure described below.

[0082] In step S105, the first node (110) and the second node (120) can perform a random access procedure. For example, the terminal (110) can transmit and / or receive at least one message (e.g., a random access preamble, a random access response (RAR) message, etc.) for a random access procedure based on information related to a random access channel of the base station (120) obtained through system information (e.g., channel position, channel structure, structure of a supported preamble, etc.). For example, the terminal (110) may transmit a preamble (e.g., message 1 (MSG1)) over a random access channel, receive a random access response (RAR) message (e.g., message 2 (MSG2)), transmit a message (e.g., message 3 (MSG3)) including information related to the terminal (110) (e.g., identification information) using scheduling information included in the RAR message to the base station (120), and receive a message for contention resolution and / or connection establishment (e.g., message 4 (MSG4)). As another example, MSG1 and MSG3 may be transmitted and received as one message (e.g., message A (MSG A)), or MSG2 and MSG4 may be transmitted and received as one message (e.g., message B (MSG B)).

[0083] In step S107, the first node (110) and the second node (120) can perform signaling of control information. For example, the control information can be defined in various layers, such as a layer that controls a connection (e.g., a radio resource control (RRC) layer), a layer that handles mapping between logical channels and transmission channels (e.g., a media access control (MAC) layer), and a layer that handles physical channels (e.g., a physical (PHY) layer). For example, the terminal (110) and the base station (120) can perform at least one of signaling for establishing a connection, signaling for determining settings related to communication, and signaling for indicating allocated resources.

[0084] In step S109, the first node (110) and the second node (120) can transmit and / or receive data. For example, the terminal (110) and the base station (120) can process, transmit, and / or receive data based on signaling of control information. For example, when transmitting data, the terminal (110) or the base station (120) can perform at least one of channel encoding, rate matching, scrambling, constellation mapping, layer mapping, waveform modulation, antenna mapping, and resource mapping on information bits. For example, when receiving data, the terminal (110) or the base station (120) can perform at least one of signal extraction from resources, waveform demodulation for each antenna, signal arrangement considering layer mapping, constellation demapping, descrambling, and channel decoding.

[0085] 6G system core technologies

[0086] As core implementation technologies of the 6G system, technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), THz (terahertz) communication, optical wireless technology, free space optics (FSO) backhaul network, massive MIMO (multiple input multiple output) technology, blockchain, 3D networking, quantum communication, unmanned aerial vehicles, cell-free communication, wireless information and energy transfer (WIET), integration of sensing and communication, integration of access backhaul networks, holographic beamforming, big data analysis, and large intelligent surface (LIS) can be adopted.

[0087] artificial intelligence

[0088] Incorporating AI into communications can streamline and improve real-time data transmission. AI can use numerous analytics to determine how complex target tasks should be performed. AI can increase efficiency and reduce processing delays. Time-consuming tasks such as handovers, network selection, and resource scheduling can be performed instantly using AI. AI can also play a crucial role in machine-to-machine (M2M), machine-to-human, and human-to-machine communications. Furthermore, AI can facilitate rapid communication in brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). AI-based communication systems can be supported by metamaterials, intelligent structures, intelligent networks, intelligent devices, intelligent cognitive radios, self-sustaining wireless networks, and machine learning.

[0089] FIG. 5 illustrates a functional framework for AI operations to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0090] Below, to explain AI (or AI / ML (machine learning)) in more detail, the terms can be defined as follows.

[0091] - Data collection: Data collected from network nodes, management entities, or terminals as a basis for AI model training, data analysis, and inference.

[0092] - AI model: A data-driven algorithm that applies AI technology to generate a set of outputs containing predictive information and / or decision parameters based on a set of inputs.

[0093] - AI / ML training: An online or offline process of training an AI model by learning features and patterns that best represent the data and obtain a trained AI / ML model for inference.

[0094] - AI / ML inference: The process of making predictions or inducing decisions based on collected data and the AI ​​model using a trained AI model.

[0095] Referring to FIG. 5, the data collection function (10) is a function that collects input data and provides processed input data to the model training function (20) and the model inference function (30).

[0096] Examples of input data may include measurements from terminals or other network entities, feedback from actors, and output from AI models.

[0097] The data collection function (10) performs data preparation based on input data and provides input data processed through the data preparation. Here, the data collection function (10) does not perform data preparation specific to each AI algorithm (e.g., data pre-processing and cleaning, formatting, and transformation), but can perform data preparation common to all AI algorithms.

[0098] After the data preparation process is performed, the data collection function (10) may provide training data (11) to the model training function (20) and may provide inference data (12) to the model inference function (30). Here, the training data (11) may correspond to data required as input for the AI ​​model training function (20), and the inference data (12) may correspond to data required as input for the AI ​​model inference function (30).

[0099] The data collection function (10) may be performed by a single entity (e.g., a terminal, a RAN node, a network node, etc.), but may also be performed by multiple entities. In this case, training data (11) and inference data (12) may be provided to the model training function (20) and model inference function (30), respectively, from multiple entities.

[0100] The model training function (20) may correspond to a function that performs AI model training, validation, and testing, which can generate model performance metrics as part of the AI ​​model testing procedure. If necessary, the model training function (20) may also be responsible for data preparation (e.g., data pre-processing and cleaning, formatting, and transformation, etc.) based on training data (11) provided by the data collection function (10).

[0101] Here, model deployment / update (13) can be used to initially deploy a trained, validated and tested AI model to the model inference function (30) or to provide an updated model to the model inference function (30).

[0102] The model inference function (30) may correspond to a function that provides AI model inference output (16) (e.g., prediction or decision). If applicable, the model inference function (30) may provide model performance feedback (14) to the model training function (20). In addition, the model inference function (30) may also be responsible for data preparation (e.g., data pre-processing and cleaning, formatting and transformation, etc.) based on inference data (12) provided by the data collection function (10), if necessary.

[0103] Here, output (16) refers to the inference output of the AI ​​model generated by the model inference function (30), and the details of the inference output may vary depending on the use case.

[0104] Model performance feedback (14) can be used to monitor the performance of the AI ​​model, if available, and this feedback may be omitted.

[0105] An actor function (40) is a function that receives an output (16) from a model inference function (30) and triggers or performs a corresponding task / action. The actor function (40) can trigger tasks / actions for other entities (e.g., one or more terminals, one or more RAN nodes, one or more network nodes, etc.) or for itself.

[0106] Feedback (15) can be used to derive training data (11), inference data (12), or to monitor the performance of the AI ​​model, its impact on the network, etc.

[0107] Meanwhile, the definitions of training / validation / test in data sets used in AI / ML can be distinguished as follows.

[0108] - Training data: refers to a data set for learning a model.

[0109] - Validation data: This refers to a dataset used to validate a model that has already completed training. Validation data can typically be used to prevent overfitting of the training data set. It can also be used to select the best model among the various models learned during the training process. Therefore, validation can be considered a type of learning.

[0110] - Test data: This refers to the data set for final evaluation. This data is unrelated to learning.

[0111] For example, the training and validation data can be divided into an 8:2 or 7:3 ratio within the entire data set. Alternatively, the training data:validation data:test data can be divided into a 6:2:2 ratio within the entire data set.

[0112] The level of cooperation can be defined as follows depending on whether the base station and the terminal have capabilities for AI / ML functions, and variations due to combination of multiple levels or separation of any one level are also possible.

[0113] Category 0a: This category corresponds to a no-collaboration framework. In this case, AI / ML algorithms are purely implementation-based and may not require any changes to the wireless interface.

[0114] Category 0b: Frameworks that involve a wireless interface modified to fit efficient implementation-based AI / ML algorithms, but without collaboration.

[0115] Category 1: This category applies to cases where inter-node support is required to improve the AI / ML algorithms of each node. For example, this applies when a terminal receives support from a base station (for training, adaptation, etc.), and vice versa. At this level, model exchange between network nodes is not required.

[0116] Category 2: This applies to cases where joint ML tasks can be performed between terminals and base stations. This level requires exchange of AI / ML model commands or network nodes.

[0117] The functions exemplified in FIG. 5 above may be implemented in a RAN node (e.g., a base station, a TRP, a CU of a base station, etc.), a network node, an OAM (operation administration maintenance) of a network operator, or a terminal.

[0118] Alternatively, two or more entities, such as a RAN, a network node, a network operator's OAM, or a terminal, may cooperate to implement the functions illustrated in FIG. 5. For example, one entity may perform some of the functions of FIG. 5, and another entity may perform the remaining functions. In this way, since some of the functions illustrated in FIG. 5 are performed by a single entity (e.g., a terminal, a RAN node, a network node, etc.), the transmission / provision of data / information between each function may be omitted. For example, if the model training function (20) and the model inference function (30) are performed by the same entity, the transmission / provision of model deployment / update (13) and model performance feedback (14) may be omitted.

[0119] Alternatively, any one of the functions illustrated in FIG. 5 may be performed collaboratively by two or more entities, including a RAN, a network node, a network operator's OAM, or a terminal. This may be referred to as a split AI operation.

[0120] FIG. 6 illustrates an example of operations related to AI model training and AI model inference to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0121] For example, the AI ​​model training function may be performed by a network node (e.g., a core network node, an OAM of a network operator, etc.), and the AI ​​model inference function may be performed by a RAN node (e.g., a base station, a TRP, a CU of a base station, etc.).

[0122] Step 1: RAN node 1 and RAN node 2 can transmit input data (e.g., training data) for AI model training to the network node. Here, RAN node 1 and RAN node 2 can also transmit data collected from the terminal (e.g., terminal measurements related to RSRP (reference signal received power), RSRQ (reference signal received quality), SINR (signal to interference-plus-noise ratio) of the serving cell and neighboring cells, terminal location, speed, etc.) to the network node.

[0123] Step 2: Network nodes can train AI models using the received training data.

[0124] Step 3: The network node may distribute / update the AI ​​model to RAN node 1 and / or RAN node 2. RAN node 1 (and / or RAN node 2) may also continue model training based on the received AI model.

[0125] For convenience of explanation, we assume that the AI ​​model is deployed / updated only to RAN node 1.

[0126] Step 4: RAN node 1 can receive input data (e.g., inference data) for AI model inference from the terminal and RAN node 2.

[0127] Step 5: RAN node 1 can perform AI model inference using the received inference data to generate output data (e.g., prediction or decision).

[0128] Step 6: If applicable, RAN node 1 may send model performance feedback to the network nodes.

[0129] Step 7: RAN node 1, RAN node 2, and the terminal (or 'RAN node 1 and the terminal', or 'RAN node 1 and RAN node 2') may perform actions based on the output data. For example, in the case of a load balancing operation, the terminal may move from RAN node 1 to RAN node 2.

[0130] Step 8: RAN node 1 and RAN node 2 can transmit feedback information to the network nodes.

[0131] FIG. 7 illustrates another example of operations related to AI model training and AI model inference to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0132] For example, both AI model training functions and AI model inference functions can be performed by RAN nodes (e.g., base stations, TRPs, CUs of base stations, etc.).

[0133] Step 1: The terminal and RAN node 2 can transmit input data (e.g., training data) for AI model training to RAN node 1.

[0134] Step 2: RAN node 1 can train an AI model using the received training data.

[0135] Step 3: RAN node 1 can receive input data (e.g., inference data) for AI model inference from the terminal and RAN node 2.

[0136] Step 4: RAN node 1 can perform AI model inference using the received inference data to generate output data (e.g., prediction or decision).

[0137] Step 5: RAN node 1, RAN node 2, and the terminal (or 'RAN node 1 and the terminal', or 'RAN node 1 and RAN node 2') may perform actions based on the output data. For example, in the case of a load balancing operation, the terminal may move from RAN node 1 to RAN node 2.

[0138] Step 6: RAN node 2 may transmit feedback information to RAN node 1.

[0139] FIG. 8 illustrates another example of operations related to AI model training and AI model inference to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0140] For example, the AI ​​model training function may be performed by a RAN node (e.g., a base station, a TRP, a CU of a base station, etc.), and the AI ​​model inference function may be performed by a terminal.

[0141] Step 1: The terminal may transmit input data (e.g., training data) for AI model training to the RAN node. Here, the RAN node may collect data (e.g., terminal measurements related to RSRP, RSRQ, SINR of the serving cell and neighboring cells, terminal location, speed, etc.) from various terminals and / or from other RAN nodes.

[0142] Step 2: RAN nodes can train AI models using the received training data.

[0143] Step 3: The RAN node can distribute / update the AI ​​model to the terminal. The terminal can also continue model training based on the received AI model.

[0144] Step 4: Input data (e.g., inference data) for AI model inference can be received from the terminal and RAN node (and / or from another terminal).

[0145] Step 5: The terminal can perform AI model inference using the received inference data to generate output data (e.g., prediction or decision).

[0146] Step 6: If applicable, the terminal may send model performance feedback to the RAN node.

[0147] Step 7: The terminal and RAN node can perform actions based on the output data.

[0148] Step 8: The terminal may transmit feedback information to the RAN node.

[0149] THz communication (terahertz communication)

[0150] Data transmission rates can be increased by increasing bandwidth. This can be achieved by utilizing sub-THz communications with wide bandwidths and applying advanced massive MIMO technology. THz waves, also known as sub-millimeter waves, typically refer to the frequency range between 0.1 THz and 10 THz, with corresponding wavelengths ranging from 0.03 mm to 3 mm. The 100 GHz to 300 GHz band (the sub-THz band) is considered a key part of the THz spectrum for cellular communications. Adding the sub-THz band to the mmWave band will increase 6G cellular capacity. Among the defined THz bands, 300 GHz to 3 THz lies in the far infrared (IR) frequency band. While part of the optical band, the 300 GHz to 3 THz band lies at the boundary of the optical band, immediately following the RF band. Therefore, this 300 GHz to 3 THz band exhibits similarities to RF.

[0151] FIG. 9 illustrates an electromagnetic spectrum to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0152] Key characteristics of THz communications include (i) the widely available bandwidth to support very high data rates, and (ii) the high path loss at high frequencies (which necessitates highly directional antennas). The narrow beamwidths generated by highly directional antennas reduce interference. The small wavelength of THz signals allows for a significantly larger number of antenna elements to be integrated into devices and base stations operating in this band. This enables the use of advanced adaptive array technologies to overcome range limitations.

[0153] Transmitting system information (e.g., MIB) in a cell in the THz frequency band can be inefficient because the beam width in high-frequency bands narrows, requiring more beam sweeps to cover the entire cell area. This method is particularly inefficient when there are only a few users within the cell.

[0154] FIG. 10 illustrates an example of a system information transmission / reception procedure to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0155] The example of Fig. 10 is applicable not only to THz communication environments but also to 6G communication environments where THz communication is not applicable. Furthermore, the procedure illustrated in Fig. 10 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure described below. For example, the embodiments described below can be performed based on system information acquired through the procedure illustrated in Fig. 10.

[0156] In step S1010, the second node (120) (e.g., base station) can transmit system information of cell #1 via cell #2. For example, the base station provides at least two cells, cell #1 uses a THz frequency band, and cell #2 uses a non-THz frequency band. Here, the system information may include at least one of an SFN (system frame number), a PDCCH configuration for SIB1, cell barring, cell re-selection, and subcarrier spacing generated in a higher layer, and may include at least one of an SFN, a half frame indicator, and an SSB index (synchronization signal / PBCH (physical broadcast channel) block index) generated in a physical layer. For this purpose, as an example, cell #1 and cell #2 may have a relationship of a secondary cell and a primary cell.

[0157] At step S1030, the first node (110) (e.g., terminal) can acquire synchronization for cell #1. Synchronization can be acquired by detecting a synchronization signal. Typically, synchronization is acquired before receiving system information, but since the system information for cell #1 is received from cell #2, synchronization acquisition for cell #1 can be performed after receiving the system information. For example, the terminal can acquire synchronization based on the system information. Alternatively, synchronization acquisition can be performed before step S1010.

[0158] At step S1050, the first node (110) may transmit a signal for accessing cell #1. For example, the signal may include a random access preamble. The structure of this signal and the resources (e.g., channels) for transmitting the signal may be identified through system information. Thereafter, at step S1070, the first node (110) and the second node (120) may perform an access procedure for cell #1 and communicate.

[0159] The procedure described with reference to FIG. 10 may be performed when the first node (110) initially connects to cell #1 of the second node (120). Alternatively, a similar procedure may be performed when the first node (110) hands over to cell #1 of the second node (120). However, in the case of handover, the system information of cell #1 may be received from a cell of a base station other than cell #2 of the second node (120).

[0160] Communications in the THz band are expected to experience extremely severe path loss, and to overcome this, terminals and base stations may be required to use very sharp beams. The use of sharp beams means that terminals and base stations must perform beam control in addition to beamforming, and the number of beams used increases significantly. Consequently, it takes a very long time to align the transmit and receive beams between the base station and terminals. Furthermore, if the beam alignment between the base station and terminals is misaligned due to movement or motion of the terminals, frequent re-alignment is required, which can lead to link instability.

[0161] FIG. 11 exemplarily illustrates a beam management procedure to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0162] Although FIG. 11 illustrates an example of a procedure for searching and / or selecting beams for THz communication, this procedure is not limited to a THz environment and can also be applied to a 6G communication environment where THz communication is not applied.

[0163] Here, beam may be interpreted as other terms having equivalent technical meanings that can distinguish beams, such as 'spatial domain filter', 'spatial domain transmit filter', 'spatial domain receive filter', reference signal (RS) resource that distinguishes beams, SSB index, etc.

[0164] In step S1110, the second node (120) (e.g., base station) can set resources for beam management to the first node (110) (e.g., terminal). Here, the resources can include at least one of time-frequency resources, channels, and spatial resources (e.g., antenna ports). For example, the base station can utilize a beam search signal (BSS) that is transmitted spatially separated from an existing downlink signal / channel for beam search. Here, the BSS can be transmitted based on a dedicated port for beam search. The dedicated port can be a different port from a port for transmitting an existing downlink signal / channel (e.g., SSB, PDSCH (physical downlink shared channel), etc.). BSS is a term defined for convenience of explanation, and the technical concept according to the present embodiment is not limited to the term BSS itself. For example, a signal transmitted based on a dedicated port defined / set for beam search can be included in the technical concept according to the present embodiment.

[0165] In step S1130, the second node (120) (e.g., base station) transmits measurement signals using a plurality of transmission beams. For example, the measurement signals may include at least one of a reference signal and a synchronization signal. At this time, the measurement signals may be transmitted as many times as the number of beams that require measurement, and may also be transmitted in a multi-beam transmission method that forms a plurality of beams simultaneously to reduce sweeping time. Here, the multi-beam transmission may be performed based on at least one of a multi-panel, a sub-array, and a true time delay (TTD).

[0166] In step S1050, a first node (110) (e.g., a terminal) may transmit a feedback signal to a second node (120) (e.g., a base station). The feedback signal may indicate at least one beam selected by the terminal. The terminal may select at least one preferred beam based on the measurement signals received in step S1030.

[0167] In step S1070, the first node (110) and the second node (120) can perform communication. For example, the second node (120) can perform transmission to the first node (110) using the reception beam of the first node (110) selected in step S1050. If channel reciprocity is established, the transmission beam of the first node (110) can also be determined through steps S1030 and S1050, so that the transmission operation from the first node (110) can also be performed using a beam that has a reciprocal relationship with the beam selected in step S1050. If channel reciprocity is not established, a procedure including transmission of measurement signal(s) by the first node (110) and transmission of feedback signal(s) by the second node (120) may be performed first to determine the transmission beam of the first node (110).

[0168] non-terrestrial networks (NTN)

[0169] Figures 12 and 13 illustrate examples of NTN scenarios to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0170] NTN can represent a network or network segment that uses radio frequency (RF) resources mounted on a satellite (or unmanned aerial system (UAS) platform).

[0171] Figure 12 shows an example of a typical scenario of NTN based on transparent payload, and Figure 13 shows an example of a typical scenario of NTN based on regenerative payload.

[0172] Referring to Figure 12, a satellite (or UAS platform) can establish a service link with a terminal. The satellite (or UAS platform) can be connected to a gateway via a feeder link. The satellite can be connected to a data network via the gateway. The beam footprint can refer to the area where the signal transmitted by the satellite can be received.

[0173] Referring to Figure 13, a satellite (or UAS platform) can establish a service link with a terminal. A satellite (or UAS platform) connected to a terminal can be connected to another satellite (or UAS platform) via an inter-satellite link (ISL). The other satellite (or UAS platform) can be connected to a gateway via a feeder link. Based on the regenerated payload, the satellite can be connected to a data network through another satellite and the gateway. If an ISL does not exist between the satellite and another satellite, a feeder link between the satellite and the gateway may be required.

[0174] Figures 12 and 13 are merely examples of NTN scenarios, and NTN can be implemented based on various scenarios. For example, a satellite (or UAS platform) can implement a transparent or regenerative (e.g., with onboard processing) payload. For example, a satellite (or UAS platform) can generate multiple beams across a designated service area depending on the field of view of the satellite (or UAS platform). For example, the field of view of the satellite (or UAS platform) can vary depending on the onboard antenna diagram and the minimum elevation angle.

[0175] For example, a transparent payload may include radio frequency filtering, frequency conversion, and amplification. Therefore, the waveform signal repeated by the payload may remain unchanged.

[0176] For example, a regenerative payload may include radio frequency filtering, frequency conversion and amplification, demodulation / decoding, switching and / or routing, and coding / modulation. For example, a regenerative payload may be substantially equivalent to mounting all or part of a base station function on a satellite (or UAS platform).

[0177] Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC)

[0178] Wireless sensing is a technology that uses radio frequencies to determine the instantaneous linear velocity, angle, distance (or range) of an object, and thus obtain information about the characteristics of the environment and / or objects within the environment. Because radio frequency sensing does not require a networked device to connect to the object, it can provide a service for object positioning without a device. The ability to obtain range, velocity, and angle information from radio frequency signals can enable a wide range of new capabilities, such as various object detection, object recognition (e.g., vehicles, humans, animals, UAVs), and high-precision localization, tracking, and activity recognition. Wireless sensing services can provide information to a variety of industries (e.g., drones, smart homes, V2X, factories, railways, public safety, etc.), enabling applications such as intruder detection, assisted vehicle steering and navigation, trajectory tracking, collision avoidance, traffic management, and health and traffic management. In some cases, wireless sensing can utilize non-3GPP type sensors (e.g., radar, cameras) to further support 3GPP-based sensing. For example, the operation of wireless sensing services, such as sensing operations, may depend on the transmission, reflection, and scattering of wireless sensing signals. Therefore, wireless sensing offers an opportunity to enhance existing communication systems from a communications network to a wireless communication and sensing network.

[0179] FIG. 14 illustrates examples of sensing operations to which some examples of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0180] Specifically, Fig. 14(a) shows an example of a monostatic sensing operation using a sensing receiver and a sensing transmitter located in the same location. Fig. 14(b) shows an example of a bistatic sensing operation using a sensing receiver and a sensing transmitter located in separate locations. A sensing signal transmitted from a sensing transmitter is reflected / scattered by a sensing object, and the sensing receiver can receive the signal, and extract / obtain sensing data based on the received signal. A sensing result can be generated / determined through appropriate processing of the sensing data. The sensing result can be provided to a trusted third-party entity / service outside the 3GPP system through an entity / service within the 3GPP system.

[0181] Low-power wake-up signal (LP-WUS) and low-power wake-up receiver (LP-WUR)

[0182] User devices or terminals in existing wireless communication systems consume tens of milliwatts of power even in RRC idle / inactive states, and hundreds of milliwatts in RRC connected states. To reduce power consumption and improve user experience, various methods are being discussed to extend battery life or improve energy efficiency.

[0183] Energy efficiency is even more important for devices with limited or no continuous energy sources (e.g., sensors, actuators, wearable devices, etc.). Power consumption can vary depending on the length of the wake-up interval (e.g., paging cycle). While longer extended-discontinuous reception (eDRX) cycles can be used to meet battery life requirements, this may not be suitable for low-latency applications (e.g., fire sensors and fire extinguisher actuators).

[0184] Terminals in existing wireless communication systems are required to wake up periodically, once per DRX cycle. This leads to power consumption even when there is no signal or data traffic for the terminal. If the terminal were to wake up only when triggered, such as by paging, power consumption could be significantly reduced. To achieve this, a wake-up signal can be used to trigger the main radio (MR), and a separate receiver that can monitor the wake-up signal with ultra-low power consumption can be used. The MR operates for data transmission and reception and can be turned off or set to deep sleep unless turned on.

[0185] In the present disclosure, MR refers to a transmit / receive module that operates on general wireless (e.g., NR) signals / channels, excluding signals / channels related to low-power wake-up. Additionally, a low-power-wake-up receiver (LP-WUR), which may also be referred to as LR, refers to a receiver module that operates to receive / process signals / channels related to low-power wake-up.

[0186] For LP-WUS and LP-WUR: IoT applications such as industrial wireless sensors, controllers, and actuators; wearable applications such as smartwatches, smart rings, and medical monitoring devices; and eMBB applications such as XR / smart glasses and smartphones.

[0187] For LP-WUS and LP-WUR, considering the benefits and scope of power savings and the resulting impact on system overhead and network energy, it is necessary to design an architecture for LP-WUR and define / change procedures and protocols for lower layers (e.g., L1 PHY) and upper layers (e.g., L2 MAC, L3 RRC, etc.) that support LP-WUS.

[0188] Accordingly, when sufficient relaxation is applied to MR radio resource management (RRM) measurements in RRC idle / inactive mode, it is expected that significantly reduced terminal power consumption can be achieved by triggering MR paging monitoring of the terminal using LP-WUS / WUR, compared to both with and without paging early indication (PEI) in I-DRX (idle-DRX). In addition, unlike the existing eDRX operation where paging monitoring is limited within the PTW (paging time window), it is expected that paging latency can be significantly reduced when monitoring paging after LP-WUS monitoring and MR wake-up, and thus terminal power consumption can be reduced. In addition, it is expected that reduced terminal power consumption can be achieved even in RRC connected mode when LP-WUS / WUR is used to trigger the terminal to monitor PDCCH in MR, and the MR enters a deep sleep state while LR is performing LP-WUS monitoring.

[0189] In addition, since the terminal must wake up at regular intervals to perform RRM measurements in addition to receiving paging through MR, it is expected that terminal power consumption can be reduced if some or all of the RRM measurements through MR can be offloaded to be performed through LR.

[0190] In this way, the longer the MR power off / sleep / deep sleep state is maintained, the more power consumption of the terminal can be reduced.

[0191] To make LP-WUS universally applicable to both RRC idle / inactive mode and RRC connection, OOK-based (e.g., OOK-1 and / or OOK-4) LP-WUS can be specified by superimposing OFDM sequences on OOK (on-off keying) symbols. In addition, the design of LP-WUS should ensure that the same information is conveyed regardless of the type of LP-WUR for idle / inactive operation, and that OFDM sequences can carry the information. In addition, duty-cycle based monitoring can be supported for LP-WUS.

[0192] Briefly explain the OOK-1 and OOK-4 methods.

[0193] Basically, the OOK scheme may include generating a multiple carrier-amplitude shift keying (MC-ASK) waveform. For example, an N-length LP-WUS and a typical wireless communication signal (e.g., a legacy NR signal) may be mapped to K subcarriers (e.g., SC#0 to SC#K-1). Specifically, an N-length LP-WUS signal may be mapped to SC#0 to SC#N-1, and a legacy NR signal may be mapped to SC#N to SC#K-1. The K subcarriers may be converted to a time domain signal through an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT), and a cyclic prefix (CP) may be appended to generate an OFDM symbol including the CP. Here, K is the size of the IFFT of CP-OFDMA (cyclic prefix-OFDMA), and N corresponds to the number of subcarriers (SCs) used in LP-WUS including a potential guard band.

[0194] In the OOK-1 scheme, information about a single bit can be signaled through a single OFDM symbol. OOK=1 can mean that all SCs are modulated, and OOK=0 can mean that all SCs have zero power (from a baseband perspective).

[0195] In the OOK-4 scheme, an M-bit OOK can be transformed in the time domain. For example, for an LP-WUS time domain signal of length N' samples for M bits, it is transformed into a frequency domain signal through DFT / LS (discrete Fourier transform / least square), and N-length OOK-1 LP-WUS subcarriers can be generated with or without signal truncation / modification (when N' is different from (greater than) N) or without (when N' is equal to N). This N-length LP-WUS signal and a general wireless communication signal (e.g., legacy NR signal) are mapped to K subcarriers (e.g., SC#0 to SC#K-1) (N' may be equal to K), and through IFFT+CP, one OFDM symbol including CP can be generated. Information for M bits can be signaled in this one OFDM symbol.

[0196] In the case of OOK-4, the Zadoff-Chu (ZC) sequence, M-sequence, and quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) sequence before applying DFT / LS have a lot of phase variation, so a flat spectrum is expected and can provide robustness against frequency-selective fading. In addition, when DFT is applied to OOK-4 (e.g., when the value of M is 2 or greater), a frequency shift in the frequency domain or a -1 / 1 alternation in time may be applied to match the CP-OFDM generation. If the sequence(s) used for LP-WUS generation are repeated in the frequency domain, the diversity of MC-OOK and the robustness against frequency offset of MC-FSK (multiple carrier-frequency shift keying) can be improved.

[0197] In the present disclosure, a symbol modulated by OOK-1 or OOK-4 may be referred to as an OOK symbol (or OOK signal). Unless explicitly distinguished in the present disclosure, an OOK symbol / signal may mean a symbol / signal modulated by OOK-1 and / or OOK-4.

[0198] The synchronization signal (SS) used in LP-WUR may be referred to as LP-SS. For example, LP-SS may be an aperiodic signal transmitted as part of LP-WUS. In this case, LP-SS may or may not be transmitted additionally separately from LP-WUS. Alternatively, LP-SS may be a periodic signal transmitted separately from LP-WUS. Alternatively, LP-SS may include both an aperiodic signal transmitted as part of LP-WUS and a periodic signal transmitted separately from LP-WUS.

[0199] With respect to RRM measurements performed in LP-WUR, measurement metrics may include signal quality, signal power, LP-WUS / SS detection rate, etc. For RRM serving cell measurements performed by LP-WUR based on reference signals, LP-RSSI (received signal strength indicator) or energy detection, LP-RSRP, LP-SINR, LP-RSRQ, etc. may be defined. As these reference signals, SSB, LP-WUS-waveform sequence, LP-SS, etc. may be used.

[0200] Periodic LP-SS may also be used for RRM measurements by LP-WUR, coarse time synchronization of LP-WUR, coarse frequency synchronization of LP-WUR, etc.

[0201] If LP-WUR can receive existing primary synchronization signal (PSS) / secondary synchronization signal (SSS), which may be assisted by PBCH-DMRS (demodulation reference signal) / TRS (tracking reference signal), it may also use it for RRM measurement / time synchronization / frequency synchronization.

[0202] The coverage (e.g., reach / range) of a periodic LP-SS may be better than or equal to that of an LP-WUS.

[0203] For precise time / frequency synchronization, additional signals (e.g., a preamble) may be used before or as part of the LP-WUS.

[0204] As for the LP-SS period, 320ms can be supported. For example, periods of 80ms, 160ms, 640ms, 1280ms, 2560ms, 5120ms, and 10240ms may also be supported for LP-SS.

[0205] Additional synchronization signals for LP-SS may or may not be present. If present, additional synchronization signals may be configured for the terminal by signaling from the network, and / or may be predefined as present (without separate signaling) when certain conditions are met. For example, in OOK modulation for LP-WUS, additional synchronization signals may or may not be present depending on the value of M.

[0206] Transmit / receive opportunities related to LP-SS and LP-WUS

[0207] In this disclosure, we describe a method for setting up LP-SS opportunities considering LP-WUS.

[0208] While the following description describes a specific wireless communication system (e.g., an NR system) as an example of a wireless communication system to which the examples of the present disclosure apply, the scope of application of the present disclosure is not limited to a specific wireless communication system. The examples of the present disclosure can be applied to any wireless communication system within the scope that maintains the characteristics of the invention.

[0209] In order to reduce the number of times a terminal wakes up the MR, it is necessary to receive a synchronization signal (e.g., LP-SS) in advance or simultaneously with the wake-up signal (e.g., LP-WUS). This disclosure describes a method for setting a transmission / reception opportunity for LP-SS. Additionally, this disclosure also describes a method for setting a transmission / reception opportunity for LP-WUS.

[0210] For example, a transmit / receive opportunity does not necessarily mean a time / frequency resource on which an LP-SS / WUS is transmitted / received, but may mean a time / frequency resource on which an LP-SS / WUS can be transmitted / received. An LP-SS / WUS may not be transmitted / received on other time / frequency resources that do not correspond to a transmit / receive opportunity.

[0211] In conventional wireless communication systems, a base station can generate and transmit OFDM signals to send control / data signals to a terminal. In this case, the terminal requires relatively accurate synchronization to receive the OFDM signal, and for this purpose, a coherent detection and demodulation-based receiver can be utilized. Such a receiver may require power-consuming RF modules such as a bandpass filter (BPF), fast Fourier transform (FFT), and local oscillator, as well as a baseband module. In LP-WUR that receives LP-WUS, a non-coherent detection and demodulation-based receiver can be utilized instead of the power-consuming modules mentioned above to receive signals at low power. As an LP-WUS signal for such a low-power receiver, an OOK-1 / OOK-4 signal (with or without an overlaid OFDM sequence) can be used. These OOK-1 / OOK-4 signals are used as MC-OOK signals to make full use of the OFDM transmitter of the base station, and the signal generation method and maximum number of bits that can be transmitted may vary depending on the option.

[0212] Additionally, receiver capabilities may vary depending on the WUR type. For example, some WURs may have the capability to detect OFDM sequences overlaid on OOK signals, while others may not. Supporting OFDM sequences overlaid on OOK signals may increase coverage or allow additional bits to be transmitted.

[0213] In this disclosure, WUR types are classified as follows according to their capabilities:

[0214] WUR type 1 corresponds to LP-WUR, which can only handle envelope detection;

[0215] WUR type 2 corresponds to LP-WUR that can perform FFT operation by having a frequency domain correlator; and

[0216] WUR type 3 corresponds to LP-WUR with a time domain correlator.

[0217] In this disclosure, the transmission scheme of LP-SS is classified as follows:

[0218] Transmission method 1: LP-SS is transmitted as part of LP-WUS and corresponds to a signal transmitted aperiodically;

[0219] Transmission method 2: LP-SS is transmitted separately from LP-WUS and corresponds to a signal that is transmitted periodically;

[0220] Transmission method 3: By applying both transmission methods 1 and 2, LP-SS is transmitted aperiodically as part of LP-WUS, and also periodically separately from LP-WUS.

[0221] The aperiodic LP-SS described above may be transmitted as a part of the LP-WUS or in the form of a preamble. The aperiodic LP-SS may be transmitted together with (or included in) the LP-WUS when there is a transmission of the LP-WUS, but the aperiodic LP-SS may not be transmitted when there is no transmission of the LP-WUS. The LP-WUS may be transmitted to the terminal when an event that requires waking up the MR of the terminal occurs. That is, the LP-WUS is transmitted based on an event, and the aperiodic LP-SS may be transmitted together with the LP-WUS when the LP-WUS is transmitted based on such an event.

[0222] Below, various examples of the present disclosure for setting LP-SS transmission / reception opportunities considering LP-WUS are described for LP-SS generated in the same manner as LP-WUS signals.

[0223] FIG. 15 is a drawing for explaining an example of a method performed by a terminal according to the present disclosure.

[0224] In S1510, the terminal may receive configuration information from the network for one or more of a first opportunity for a synchronization signal (SS) or a second opportunity for a wake-up signal (WUS).

[0225] For example, the configuration information may include information about a first cycle. In this case, the first cycle may be set / applied as the cycle of the first opportunity for the SS. For example, the SS may be mapped to each of the first opportunities corresponding to the time positions according to the first cycle.

[0226] For example, the configuration information may include information about a second cycle. In this case, the second cycle may be configured / applied as a second opportunity cycle for WUS. For example, WUS may be mapped to some / all of the second opportunities corresponding to time locations according to the second cycle, based on an event.

[0227] Alternatively, the first opportunity and the second opportunity may be associated. For example, the second opportunity may be established as a relative relationship to the first opportunity. For example, the configuration information may include information about a time offset, and the second opportunity may correspond to a time location that is separated from a given time reference by the time offset included in the configuration information. For example, the given time reference may correspond to the most recent (or last) first opportunity. For example, the WUS may be mapped to some / all of the second opportunities, each located at a time offset from the first opportunities, based on an event.

[0228] For example, the configuration information may include information about a third period. In this case, among the time positions according to the third period, the time positions that are sequentially odd or that correspond to even indices based on the index (assuming the index starts from 0) may correspond to first opportunities for SS. Furthermore, among the time positions according to the third period, the time positions that are sequentially even or that correspond to odd indices based on the index (assuming the index starts from 0) may correspond to second opportunities for WUS. In this way, among the time positions according to the third period, the first opportunity for SS and the second opportunity for WUS may correspond alternately. The first first opportunity for SS may exist before the first second opportunity for WUS. In this case, SS may be mapped to each of the first opportunities, and WUS may be mapped to some / all of the second opportunities based on an event.

[0229] For example, a WUS being mapped to some / all of the second opportunities based on an event may mean that the WUS is mapped to some second opportunities and not to other second opportunities, depending on whether an event has occurred. The terminal may also monitor (e.g., attempt to detect / decode) the WUS in each of the second opportunities, assuming that it does not know in advance whether an event has occurred.

[0230] In S1520, the terminal can receive SS from the network in the first opportunity and WUS from the network in the second opportunity.

[0231] For example, an SS to which each of the first opportunities is mapped can be transmitted from the network to the terminal.

[0232] For example, a WUS mapped to some or all of the second opportunities may be transmitted from the network to the terminal. Some of the second opportunities to which the WUS is mapped may be second opportunities corresponding to a given event.

[0233] For example, in the second opportunity in which WUS is transmitted, SS may be additionally transmitted. For example, SS may be transmitted in the first opportunity, and additionally, SS may be transmitted in the second opportunity.

[0234] For example, the additionally transmitted SS in the second opportunity may be transmitted as part of the WUS. For example, the additionally transmitted SS in the second opportunity may be transmitted as a preamble of the WUS (e.g., preceding the WUS in time). For example, the additionally transmitted SS in the second opportunity may be transmitted on a frequency resource distinct from the WUS (e.g., transmitted in a frequency division multiplexing (FDM) manner). For example, the time unit of the additionally transmitted SS in the second opportunity may partially or completely overlap with the time unit in which the WUS is transmitted. For example, the additionally transmitted SS in the second opportunity may be transmitted on a time resource distinct from the WUS (e.g., transmitted in a time division multiplexing (TDM) manner).

[0235] The terminal may attempt to receive (or monitor) SS / WUS / additional SS at each opportunity, based on the assumption that the above SS, WUS, and additional SS are transmitted from the network.

[0236] In the example of Fig. 15, SS and WUS can be received by the low-power wake-up receiver (LP-WUR) of the terminal. For example, SS can be a low-power-SS (LP-SS) and WUS can be a low-power-WUS (LP-WUS).

[0237] For example, an SS may be associated with one or more synchronizations, either time or frequency, and may also be associated with radio resource management (RRM) measurements. For example, a terminal may perform time / frequency synchronization and RRM measurements by referring to an SS.

[0238] The method described in the example of FIG. 15 may be performed by the wireless device (200) of FIG. 3 corresponding to the first node (110) of FIG. 2 described above. For example, one or more processors (202) of the wireless device (200) of FIG. 3 may be configured to receive, via one or more transceivers (206), configuration information for one or more of a first occasion for a synchronization signal (SS) or a second occasion for a wake-up signal (WUS), receive the SS via one or more transceivers (206) at the first occasion, and receive the WUS via one or more transceivers (206) at the second occasion. For example, the one or more transceivers (206) may include an LP-WUR. Furthermore, one or more memories (204) of the wireless device (200) may store instructions for performing the method described in the example of FIG. 15 or the examples described below when executed by one or more processors (202).

[0239] FIG. 16 is a drawing illustrating an example of a method performed by a base station according to the present disclosure.

[0240] In step S1610, the base station may transmit configuration information to the terminal for one or more of the first opportunity for the synchronization signal (SS) or the second opportunity for the wake-up signal (WUS). This configuration information may be transmitted for a specific terminal, a group of terminals, or all terminals within the cell.

[0241] In step S1620, the base station can transmit SS to the terminal at the first opportunity and transmit WUS to the terminal at the second opportunity.

[0242] The specific features of SS, WUS, first opportunity, second opportunity, and setting information are the same as those described with reference to the example in Fig. 15, so redundant descriptions are omitted.

[0243] The method described in the example of FIG. 16 may be performed by the wireless device (200) of FIG. 3 corresponding to the second node (120) of FIG. 2 described above. For example, one or more processors (202) of the wireless device (200) of FIG. 3 may be configured to transmit, via one or more transceivers (206), configuration information for one or more of a first occasion for a synchronization signal (SS) or a second occasion for a wake-up signal (WUS), and transmit the SS to a terminal via one or more transceivers (206) at the first occasion, and transmit the WUS via one or more transceivers (206) at the second occasion. The terminal to which the wireless device (200) transmits the SS / WUS may be a terminal that has notified the base station that it has the LP-WUR capability, or a terminal that the base station knows in advance. Furthermore, one or more memories (204) of the wireless device (200) may store instructions for performing the method described in the example of FIG. 16 or the examples described below when executed by one or more processors (202).

[0244] In the present disclosure, setting or pre-setting specific information for a terminal may mean that the specific information is provided by upper layer (e.g., L3 RRC) signaling from the network. In the present disclosure, indicating specific information for a terminal may mean that the specific information is provided by lower layer (e.g., L2 MAC or L1 PDCCH / DCI) signaling from the network. For example, if information A including candidate values ​​a1, a2, a3, ... is set for a terminal (via upper layer signaling), and a1 among them is indicated to the terminal (via lower layer signaling), the terminal can operate based on the value a1. In the present disclosure, pre-defining specific information may mean that the network and the terminal each assume or know in advance that the specific information exists / is applied without signaling between the network and the terminal.

[0245] Below, various examples of the present disclosure for transmitting / receiving LP-SS and / or LP-WUS based on transmission opportunity are described.

[0246] Example 1

[0247] This embodiment is about a method for setting opportunities for LP-SS and LP-WUS.

[0248] While at least rough time / frequency synchronization for receiving LP-WUS via LP-SS may be supported, serving cell RRM measurement for power consumption reduction may also be supported. In this way, cases for LP-SS transmission / reception / monitoring opportunities may be classified according to synchronization and / or serving cell RRM measurement. For example, LP-SS transmitted for the purpose of serving cell RRM measurement must be transmitted periodically. For example, LP-SS transmitted for the purpose of synchronization may be transmitted aperiodic / periodic, respectively, in front of a WUS signal, such as in the form of a preamble, or transmitted independently of LP-WUS, such as in the form of SSB.

[0249] The method described below is for setting up a transmission opportunity (at a base station transmitting an LP-SS) or a monitoring opportunity (at an LP-WUS receiving an LP-SS) for an LP-SS signal and an LP-WUS signal. Here, an opportunity may mean a time / frequency resource region where transmission is possible (or monitoring is required). For example, the opportunity may be set in advance by the base station or may be predefined. For example, it is not necessary for an LP-SS / WUS to be transmitted in all set / defined opportunities, and a case where an LP-SS / WUS is transmitted only in some opportunities is also included in the scope of the present disclosure. Similarly, a terminal may be assumed to monitor an LP-SS signal in all opportunities, or it may not be necessary to monitor an LP-SS signal in all opportunities. For convenience of explanation, the transmission / reception / monitoring opportunities may not be clearly distinguished and may be simply expressed as the term “opportunity” below.

[0250] In the following description, LP-SS may mean a specific sequence. For example, the sequence of LP-SS may mean an m-sequence of a specific length, or may correspond to a Zadoff-Chu sequence, a Gold sequence, or a modified form thereof. Alternatively, LP-SS may be defined as a continuous series of specific OFDM waveforms generated through separate signal processing. However, the methods described in the present disclosure are not limited to a specific signal format / shape of LP-SS, and may be applied to LP-SS of any signal format / shape.

[0251] In the examples below, opportunities related to LP-SS and LP-WUS can be categorized as follows:

[0252] {SS} Opportunity may correspond to a (periodic) point in time / resource at which an LP-SS signal is transmitted / received.

[0253] {SS+WUS} Opportunity: This may correspond to a (periodic) time point / resource where an LP-SS signal and an LP-WUS signal can be transmitted / received together adjacent to each other. For example, if there is an LP-WUS transmission toward the terminal, an LP-SS may be transmitted together at an adjacent time point / resource, which may be referred to as an {SS+WUS} transmission. If there is no LP-WUS transmission toward the terminal, the adjacent LP-SS transmission may also be omitted, which may be referred to as a {none} transmission. Additionally, in a specific opportunity among the {SS+WUS} opportunities, an LP-SS may always be transmitted / received regardless of the presence or absence of an LP-WUS toward the terminal. For example, if there is an LP-WUS transmission toward the terminal at the specific opportunity, it may be an {SS+WUS} transmission. For example, if there is no LP-WUS transmission toward the terminal at the specific opportunity, only an LP-SS may be transmitted, which may be referred to as an {SS} transmission.

[0254] {WUS} opportunities may correspond to (periodic) points in time / resources where LP-WUS signals can be transmitted / received. For example, if there is an LP-WUS transmission toward the terminal, only LP-WUS can be transmitted, which may be referred to as a {WUS} transmission. For example, if there is no LP-WUS transmission toward the terminal, it may correspond to a {none} transmission.

[0255] In the examples below, an LP-SS may be referred to as an SS unless there is a need to distinguish it from other SSs. Similarly, an LP-WUS may be referred to as a WUS. An SS may have a distinct sequence applied to it depending on its purpose / use, for example, the purpose / use of time / frequency synchronization or the purpose / use of serving cell RRM measurement, or an identical / common sequence that is not differentiated may be applied. In the examples below, Case 1 corresponds to a case where the same SS sequence is used regardless of the purpose, and Case 2 corresponds to a case where different SS sequences are used for each purpose. For Case 2, the SS for the purpose of time / frequency synchronization may be referred to as SS#1, and the SS for the purpose of serving cell RRM may be referred to as SS#2.

[0256] For Cases 1 and 2, it is assumed that the aforementioned transmission schemes 1 to 3 are applied. For example, Case xy refers to the case where transmission scheme y (y is 1, 2, or 3) is applied to Case x (x is 1 or 2). Various examples in which {SS} opportunity, {WUS} opportunity, {SS+WUS} opportunity, etc. are set for each of the various combinations are described below. For reference, transmission scheme 1 corresponds to an aperiodic signal in which LP-SS is transmitted as part of LP-WUS, transmission scheme 2 corresponds to a periodic signal in which LP-SS is transmitted separately from LP-WUS, and transmission scheme 3 corresponds to a case in which both transmission schemes 1 and 2 are supported.

[0257] Case 1-1 is the case where SS is not distinguished for synchronization and RRM, and SS for WUS is transmitted aperiodically as part of WUS, and the detailed examples are as follows.

[0258] In case 1-1-1, {SS+WUS} opportunities and {SS} opportunities can be established. In this case, SS is transmitted periodically in {SS} opportunities, and SS can be transmitted aperiodically in the form of a WUS preamble in {SS+WUS} opportunities.

[0259] In Case 1-1-2, {SS+WUS} opportunities can be established. In this case, SS can always be transmitted / received during the established {SS+WUS} opportunities. If a WUS signal is transmitted based on the needs of the base station (e.g., event-based), {SS+WUS} transmission is performed, and if a WUS signal is not present, only {SS} transmission can be performed.

[0260] In Case 1-1-3, after {SS+WUS} opportunities are defined, the opportunities can be divided into two groups and set. For example, among the {SS+WUS} opportunities, some opportunity(s) can be set as {WUS} opportunities to be distinguished from other opportunity(s). For example, {SS+WUS} opportunities can be divided into two groups: opportunities with {WUS} opportunities set and opportunities without {WUS} opportunities set. In a {WUS} opportunity, if the base station transmits a WUS signal as needed, {WUS} transmission can be performed, and if WUS signal transmission is not required, {none} transmission can be performed. In the remaining opportunity(s) that are not set as {WUS} opportunities, {SS} transmission can be performed by default, and {SS+WUS} transmission can be performed when WUS is transmitted.

[0261] In Case 1-1-4, {SS} Opportunity A and {WUS} Opportunity B can be set separately / independently. For example, in {SS} Opportunity, SS transmission is always performed, and in {WUS} Opportunity, {WUS} transmission or {none} transmission can be performed according to the needs of the base station. If {SS} Opportunity A and {WUS} Opportunity B overlap, {SS+WUS} transmission can be performed.

[0262] Case 1-2 corresponds to a case where SS is not distinguished for synchronization and RRM, and SS for WUS is transmitted periodically separately from WUS, and detailed examples thereof are as follows.

[0263] In Case 1-2-1, periodic {SS} opportunities are established, and {WUS} opportunities can be established. In this case, {SS} transmissions can be performed on all {SS} opportunities. Furthermore, if a conflict occurs between {SS} opportunities and {WUS} opportunities, the {SS} opportunity, which is a periodic signal, is given higher priority, so that {WUS} opportunities are dropped and {SS} transmissions are performed.

[0264] Cases 1-3 are cases where SS is not distinguished for synchronization and RRM, and SS for WUS may be transmitted aperiodically as part of WUS or periodically separately from WUS, and detailed examples thereof are as follows.

[0265] In Case 1-3-1, periodic {SS} opportunities and {SS+WUS} opportunities can be set. For example, the SS set in {SS} opportunities can be flexibly transmitted periodically by the base station settings, and the SS set in {SS+WUS} opportunities can also be transmitted. The SS set in {SS} opportunities corresponds to the SS that is transmitted periodically, and the SS transmitted in {SS+WUS} opportunities can be transmitted aperiodically whenever the base station needs to transmit a WUS signal.

[0266] In the examples of Case 2 described below, it may be assumed that SS#1 corresponds to a synchronization-related SS sequence and SS#2 corresponds to an RRM-related SS sequence. Alternatively, it may be assumed that SS#1 corresponds to an RRM-related SS sequence and SS#2 corresponds to a synchronization-related SS sequence.

[0267] Case 2-1 is when SS#1 and SS#2 are distinguished for synchronization or RRM purposes, and SS for WUS is transmitted aperiodically as part of WUS, and the detailed examples are as follows.

[0268] In case 2-1-1, {SS#1+WUS} opportunities are established, and {SS#2} opportunities can be established. For example, only {SS#1+WUS} opportunities can transmit SS#1 in the form of a preamble like WUS, and only {SS#2} opportunities can transmit SS#2. If the two opportunities collide, {SS#1+SS#2+WUS} transmissions can be performed, or only the SS with a higher priority can be transmitted. As an example of a case where the SS with a higher priority is transmitted, {SS#1+SS#2} transmissions can be performed and the WUS can be dropped, or SS#1+WUS can be dropped and only {SS#2} can be transmitted. These priorities can be set via higher layer parameters (e.g., RRC, SIB (e.g., SIB1 or another SIB), etc.).

[0269] In case 2-1-2, {SS#1+SS#2+WUS} opportunities can be set. In this case, SS#1 and SS#2 can be multiplexed with WUS on time / frequency resources (e.g., time division multiplexing (TDM)) and transmitted in the form of a WUS preamble. If the base station has WUS to transmit, {SS#1+SS#2+WUS} transmission can be performed, and if the base station does not have WUS to transmit, {SS#1+SS#2} transmission can be performed.

[0270] In case 2-1-3, {SS+WUS} opportunities are defined, and these opportunities can be divided into two groups. For example, {SS#1+WUS} opportunities and {SS#2+WUS} opportunities can be set separately. If {SS#1+WUS} opportunities and {SS#2+WUS} opportunities collide, {SS#1+SS#2+WUS} transmission can be performed, or only the SS with a higher priority can be transmitted. As an example of a case where the SS with a higher priority is transmitted, {SS#1+SS#2} transmission can be performed and WUS can be dropped, or SS#1+WUS can be dropped and only {SS#2} can be transmitted. This priority can be set via higher layer parameters (e.g., RRC, SIB (e.g., SIB1 or another SIB), etc.). Alternatively, if the index starts from 0, {SS#1+WUS} transmission may be performed at the even-numbered (or odd-numbered in time order) {SS+WUS} opportunity in terms of the index, and {SS#2+WUS} transmission may be performed at the odd-numbered (or even-numbered in time order) {SS+WUS} opportunity in terms of the index.

[0271] In case 2-1-4, {SS} opportunity A and {WUS} opportunity B can be set separately. For example, only {SS#1+SS#2} transmissions can be performed in {SS} opportunity, and only {WUS} transmissions can be performed in {WUS} opportunity. If the set opportunities overlap, {SS#1+SS#2+WUS} transmissions can be performed. As a further example, {SS} opportunity A can be set separately as {SS#1} opportunity A1 and {SS#2} opportunity A2. Accordingly, {SS#1} opportunity A1, {SS#2} opportunity A2, and {WUS} opportunity B can be set separately.

[0272] Case 2-2 is when SS#1 and SS#2 are distinguished for synchronization or RRM purposes, and SS for WUS is periodically transmitted separately from WUS, and the detailed examples are as follows.

[0273] In case 2-2-1, a periodic {SS#1+SS#2} opportunity is established, and a {WUS} opportunity can be established. If the {SS#1+SS#2} opportunity and the {WUS} opportunity collide, the {SS#1+SS#2} opportunity, which is a periodic signal, is given higher priority, so that the {WUS} opportunity is dropped, and {SS#1+SS#2} transmission can be performed.

[0274] Case 2-3 is where SS#1 and SS#2 are distinguished for synchronization or RRM purposes, and SS for WUS can be transmitted aperiodically as part of WUS or periodically separately from WUS, and the detailed examples are as follows.

[0275] In case 2-3-1, periodic {SS} opportunities and {SS+WUS} opportunities can be set. For example, in {SS} opportunities, SS#1 can be transmitted periodically, SS#2 can be transmitted periodically, or SS#1+SS#2 can be transmitted periodically depending on the base station configuration. In {SS+WUS} opportunities, SS#1 can be transmitted, SS#2 can be transmitted, or SS#1+SS#2 can be transmitted. The SS configured in {SS} opportunities is transmitted periodically, and the SS configured in {SS+WUS} opportunities can be transmitted aperiodically whenever the base station needs to transmit WUS signals. These base station configurations can be set / indicated through higher layer parameters (e.g., RRC, SIB (e.g., SIB1 or another SIB), etc.).

[0276] In the examples of Case 2 described above, SS#1 and SS#2 can be TDM (e.g., mapped / transmitted on distinct time resources) or FDM (e.g., mapped / transmitted on distinct frequency resources).

[0277] For example, in case of TDM, SS#1 and SS#2 may be generated as continuous signals in the time domain (e.g., without a time gap between SS#1 and SS#2). Alternatively, in case of TDM, SS#1 and SS#2 may be generated as discontinuous signals separated by a specific time offset. Here, the length of the time offset may be configured through higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling or SIB (e.g., SIB1)) or may be predefined without separate signaling. In case of TDM, SS#1 and SS#2 may be assumed to be mapped / transmitted on some / all of the same frequency resources.

[0278] For example, in case of FDM, SS#1 and SS#2 may be generated as continuous signals in the frequency domain (e.g., without a frequency offset between SS#1 and SS#2). Alternatively, in case of TDM, SS#1 and SS#2 may be generated as discontinuous signals separated by a specific frequency offset. Here, the length of the frequency offset may be set via higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling or SIB (e.g., SIB1)) or may be predefined without separate signaling. In case of FDM, SS#1 and SS#2 may be assumed to be mapped / transmitted on some / all of the same time resources.

[0279] SS#1 and SS#2 being TDM or FDM can be mapped / transmitted in the order of [{SS#1},{SS#2}] or [{SS#2},{SS#1}] in ascending order or in ascending order of frequency. More specifically, as described above, it can be assumed that SS#1 corresponds to a synchronization-related SS sequence and SS#2 corresponds to an RRM-related SS sequence, or it can be assumed that SS#1 corresponds to an RRM-related SS sequence and SS#2 corresponds to a synchronization-related SS sequence. For example, SSs multiplexed on overlapping time / frequency resources can be mapped / transmitted in the order of [{synchronization-related SS},{RRM-related SS}] or [{RRM-related SS},{synchronization-related SS}] in ascending order of time or in ascending order of frequency.

[0280] The aforementioned Cases 1 and 2 differ only in whether they distinguish SS by purpose / use, and the lower examples can correspond to each other. For example, excluding the distinction based on the purpose / use of SS, the examples of Cases 1-1-1 and 2-1-1 correspond to each other, Cases 1-1-3 and 2-1-3 correspond to each other, and Cases 1-3-1 and 2-3-1 can correspond to each other.

[0281] In consideration of this, the description of Case 2 (or sub-examples) in the examples described below can be applied to Case 1 (or sub-examples) excluding the distinction according to the purpose / use of SS. Similarly, the description of Case 1 (or sub-examples) in the examples described below can be understood as an example of Case 2 (or sub-examples) by adding the distinction according to the purpose / use of SS. In some examples, the sub-examples of Case 1 and the sub-examples of Case 2 may be combined and referred to as Case X (where X is 1 or 2).

[0282] The above-described Case X-1 can be categorized into four sub-examples. In Case X-1, since we assume Transmission Method 1 for SS, SS can always be transmitted as part of WUS (e.g., in the form of a preamble). In the sub-examples, there are cases where only SS is transmitted, in which case it is transmitted identically to SS as a preamble signal of WUS, but it may correspond to a case where there is no signal of WUS.

[0283] In the examples described below, establishing / defining an opportunity may include establishing / defining the time / frequency resource location for that opportunity. The time / frequency resource location may be expressed in various ways, such as period / offset / index.

[0284] In the sub-examples of Case X-1, when two opportunities overlap / collide, synchronization and RRM measurements can be performed through a single aperiodic SS.

[0285] In Case X-1-1, the WUS signal is transmitted as needed at the base station's discretion and can only be transmitted in the {SS+WUS} format. The configuration information (e.g., upper layer parameters) to support such SS / WUS transmission can be configured / defined as follows.

[0286] For example, a period or a specific time index for {SS} opportunities and {SS+WUS} opportunities can be set / defined. For example, {SS} opportunities and {SS+WUS} opportunities can be set / defined separately, or {SS+WUS} opportunities can be set / defined relatively with reference to {SS} opportunities. Here, the specific time index can correspond to a time offset starting from the {SS} opportunity position to the {SS+WUS} opportunity position, so that {SS+WUS} opportunities can be set / defined through a specific time offset with reference to the {SS} opportunity setting.

[0287] Additionally or alternatively, {SS+WUS} opportunities and specific rules therefor may be established / defined. Here, as an example of the specific rules, opportunities with even indices starting from 0 (e.g., odd opportunities in time order starting from 1) correspond to SS opportunities and thus necessarily transmit SS, and opportunities with odd indices based on indexes (e.g., even opportunities in time order) correspond to SS+WUS opportunities and thus if there is a WUS signal, {SS+WUS} transmission may be performed and if there is no WUS signal, {none} transmission may be performed.

[0288] In case X-1-2, there is no case where a signal is not transmitted in a {SS+WUS} opportunity ({none} transmission), and the WUS signal is transmitted when necessary at the base station's discretion and can only be transmitted in the form of {SS+WUS}. For example, either {SS} or {SS+WUS} transmission can be performed in each opportunity. Accordingly, SS can be transmitted in all opportunities. The configuration information (e.g., upper layer parameters) to support such SS / WUS transmission may be sufficient to configure / define the {SS+WUS} opportunity.

[0289] In Case X-1-3, {SS} transmission or {SS+WUS} transmission may be performed in some of the overall configured / defined opportunities, and {WUS} transmission or {none} transmission may be performed in other some (or remaining) opportunities. The configuration information (e.g., upper layer parameters) to support such SS / WUS transmission may be configured / defined as follows.

[0290] For example, a period or specific time index may be set / defined for {SS+WUS} opportunities and {WUS} opportunities. For example, {SS+WUS} opportunities and {WUS} opportunities may be set / defined separately, or {WUS} opportunities may be set / defined relatively to {SS+WUS} opportunities.

[0291] Additionally or alternatively, {SS+WUS} opportunities and specific rules for them may be established / defined. Here, as an example of a specific rule, {SS} transmission may be performed at even / odd opportunities based on index / time order, and {SS+WUS} transmission may be performed at odd / even opportunities based on index / time order if there is WUS, and {none} transmission may be performed if there is no WUS.

[0292] In Case X-1-4, opportunity A corresponds to a {SS} opportunity and opportunity B corresponds to a {WUS} opportunity. If opportunities A and B overlap, {SS} transmission or {SS+WUS} transmission may be performed, and if only opportunity A exists, {WUS} transmission or {none} transmission may be performed. The configuration information (e.g., upper layer parameters) to support such SS / WUS transmission may be configured / defined as follows.

[0293] For example, {SS} opportunities and {WUS} opportunities can be set / defined.

[0294] Additionally or alternatively, a {SS} opportunity may be established and a specific time index associated with the {WUS} opportunity may be established / defined. For example, a {WUS} opportunity may be established / defined relative to a {SS} opportunity.

[0295] Although the specific rule in the above examples exemplifies a rule that distinguishes between odd-indexed opportunities and even-indexed opportunities (based on an index starting from 0), the scope of the present disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, the specific rule may be a rule that triggers a specific event (e.g., {SS} opportunity, {WUS} opportunity, etc.) every four opportunities, or a rule that triggers a specific event (e.g., {SS} opportunity, {WUS} opportunity, etc.) at the first opportunity after a preset / defined number of N slots.

[0296] FIG. 17 illustrates various examples of SS / WUS opportunities according to transmission method 1 of the present disclosure.

[0297] In the examples of FIGS. 17 and 18 below, a signal indicated by a dotted line indicates that there is an opportunity to transmit the signal but the signal is not transmitted, and a signal indicated by a solid line indicates that the signal is transmitted.

[0298] Figure 17(a) corresponds to an example of Case 1-1-1. For example, assume that Opportunity A corresponds to an {SS} opportunity with a period of 20 ms, and Opportunity B corresponds to an {SS+WUS} opportunity with a period of 5 ms. If a WUS is transmitted based on an event in the fourth Opportunity B, {SS+WUS} transmission can be performed. The SS here corresponds to an aperiodic SS and can be transmitted as part of a WUS.

[0299] Figure 17(b) corresponds to another example of Case 1-1-1. It is assumed that all opportunities correspond to {SS+WUS} opportunities and that their period is 5ms. In addition, as a specific rule, {SS} transmission is performed in opportunities corresponding to even indices, and SS+WUS are transmitted in opportunities corresponding to odd indices if there is WUS, and if there is no WUS, nothing can be transmitted. For example, if WUS is transmitted based on an event at index #2, {SS+WUS} transmission can be performed. Here, SS corresponds to periodic SS and can be transmitted separately from WUS. Although not shown, {SS+WUS} can be transmitted when WUS is transmitted at index #1 or #3, and here, SS can be transmitted as part of WUS as aperiodic SS.

[0300] Figure 17(c) corresponds to an example of Case 1-1-2. It is assumed that all opportunities correspond to {SS+WUS} and have a period of 5 ms. For example, only one type of opportunity A can exist. If no WUS transmission is performed in each opportunity, only periodic SS can be transmitted. If WUS transmission is required, as in the second opportunity A, SS+WUS transmission can be performed. Here, SS corresponds to periodic SS and can be transmitted separately from WUS.

[0301] Figure 17(d) corresponds to an example of Case 1-1-3. For example, assume that opportunity A corresponds to {SS+WUS} opportunity with a period of 10 ms, and opportunity B corresponds to {WUS} opportunity with a period of 5 ms. If a WUS is transmitted based on an event in the fourth opportunity B, {WUS} transmission can be performed. Since this WUS is not transmitted together with SS, the terminal can receive the WUS in opportunity B based on the most recently received SS (e.g., SS received in the previous opportunity A+B). If a WUS is transmitted based on an event in the fifth opportunity B, {SS+WUS} transmission can be performed. The SS here corresponds to a periodic SS and can be transmitted separately from the WUS.

[0302] In (d) of Fig. 17, all opportunities correspond to {SS+WUS} opportunities, and the period is 5ms, and an example is shown in which a specific rule is applied in which {SS} transmission is performed in opportunities corresponding to even indices, and {WUS} transmission or {none} transmission is performed in opportunities corresponding to odd indices. For example, SS can be transmitted in indices #0, #2, #4, ..., and if WUS is transmitted based on an event, {SS+WUS} transmission can be performed as in index #4. For example, WUS can be transmitted in indices #1, #3, ..., and if WUS is not transmitted as in index #1, {none} transmission can be performed, and if WUS is transmitted based on an event as in index #3, {WUS} transmission can be performed.

[0303] Figure 17(d) corresponds to an example of Case 1-1-4. For example, it is assumed that opportunity A is an {SS} opportunity with a period of 32 ms, and opportunity B is a {WUS} opportunity with a period of 5 ms. In the case where WUS is transmitted based on an event, if opportunity B overlaps with opportunity A, {SS+WUS} transmission can be performed (not shown), and if it does not overlap with opportunity A, {WUS} transmission can be performed (second opportunity B). In opportunity B where WUS transmission is not required, {none} transmission can be performed (e.g., third opportunity B). If opportunity A does not overlap with opportunity B, or overlaps with opportunity B but does not require WUS transmission, {SS} transmission can be performed, and if it overlaps with opportunity B and requires WUS transmission, {SS+WUS} transmission can be performed.

[0304] With reference to the examples in Fig. 17, in the example of Case 1-1-1 in (b) of Fig. 17, a rule is applied to distinguish an opportunity with an even index from the set {SS+WUS} opportunity as an {SS} opportunity where SS is always transmitted. Similarly, in the example of Case 1-1-3 in (d) of Fig. 17, a rule is applied to distinguish an opportunity with an even index from the set {SS+WUS} opportunity as an {SS} opportunity and an opportunity with an odd index from the set {WUS} opportunity. In this way, opportunities may be distinguished by applying a specific rule while setting the set opportunities, and as in other examples in Fig. 17, the setting of a certain opportunity may be set to be distinct from the setting of another opportunity.

[0305] As in the example of (a) of Fig. 17, when two opportunities ({SS} opportunity and {SS+WUS} opportunity) overlap / collide, SS transmission can always be performed because the overlapped opportunity includes an SS opportunity. In the overlapped opportunity, {SS+WUS} transmission can be performed if the base station transmits a WUS signal as needed, and only {SS} transmission can be performed if a WUS signal does not exist.

[0306] As in the example of (d) of Fig. 17, when two opportunities ({SS+WUS} opportunity and {WUS} opportunity) overlap / collide, {SS+WUS} transmission can be performed when a WUS signal exists, and only {SS} transmission can be performed when a WUS signal does not exist.

[0307] As in the example of (e) of Fig. 17, when two opportunities ({SS} opportunity and {WUS} opportunity) overlap / collide, {SS+WUS} transmission can be performed when a WUS signal exists, and only {SS} transmission can be performed when a WUS signal does not exist.

[0308] In the sub-examples of Case X-2, if two opportunities overlap / conflict, you can either give SS a higher priority to drop WUS, or give WUS a higher priority to drop SS.

[0309] Alternatively, in the sub-examples of Case X-2, if two opportunities overlap / collide, SS and WUS can be transmitted by FDM. This method can be applied to WUR Type 2, as it requires a separate correlator in the frequency domain.

[0310] In case X-2-1, a periodic {SS} opportunity is established, and a periodic {WUS} opportunity may also be established. Alternatively, in case X-2-1, a periodic {SS} opportunity may be established, and {WUS} may be established based on a specific time index (e.g., a time offset from the {SS} opportunity).

[0311] For example, if {SS} opportunities overlap with {WUS} opportunities, WUS may be dropped and only SS may be transmitted. Accordingly, synchronization and RRM measurements may be performed with SS as the priority.

[0312] FIG. 18 illustrates examples of SS / WUS opportunities according to transmission methods 2 and 3 of the present disclosure.

[0313] Figure 18 (a) corresponds to an example of case 1-2-1 according to transmission method 2. For example, it is assumed that opportunity A corresponds to a {SS} opportunity and its period is 17 ms, and opportunity B corresponds to a {WUS} opportunity and its period is 5 ms. If the first opportunity A and the first opportunity B overlap, opportunity A ({SS} opportunity) has a higher priority, so opportunity B ({WUS} opportunity) may be dropped. If the second opportunity A and the fourth opportunity B overlap, opportunity B ({WUS} opportunity) may be dropped because opportunity A ({SS} opportunity) has a higher priority. If WUS is transmitted based on an event in the third opportunity B, {WUS} transmission may be performed. The terminal may receive the WUS in the third opportunity B based on the SS received in the first opportunity A.

[0314] In the sub-examples of Case X-3, periodic {SS} opportunities are established, and {SS+WUS} opportunities may also be established. The {SS+WUS} opportunities may be established based on periodicity, or based on a specific time index (e.g., the time offset from the {SS} opportunity to the {SS+WUS} opportunity).

[0315] In the sub-examples of Case X-3, if two opportunities overlap / collide, the behavior in case of overlap can be defined by classifying Case 1 and Case 2.

[0316] For cases 1-3 where SS sequences are not differentiated by purpose / use, synchronization and / or RRM measurements can be performed via aperiodic SS transmitted in the form of a preamble of WUS in overlapping opportunities.

[0317] There may be cases where the lengths of sequences of different SSs are different. For example, the lengths of SS sequences transmitted in {SS} opportunities may be different from those of SS sequences transmitted in {SS+WUS} opportunities. For example, SS sequences transmitted in {SS} opportunities and SS sequences transmitted in {SS+WUS} opportunities are both used for synchronization and / or RRM measurements, so they are not distinguished in purpose / use, but their formats may be different. In this case, when {SS} opportunities and {SS+WUS} opportunities overlap, SS opportunities can be set / indicated through the following method.

[0318] For example, by assigning distinct priorities to different {SS} opportunities, SSs with higher priorities can be transmitted, and SSs with lower priorities can be dropped. If the dropped SS is a preamble-type SS transmitted together with a WUS signal, the WUS can be dropped together with the SS. The priorities can be set / defined as priorities between periodic SSs and aperiodic SSs. For example, periodic SSs may be assigned a high priority, and aperiodic SSs may be assigned a low priority. Alternatively, aperiodic SSs may be assigned a high priority, and periodic SSs may be assigned a low priority. Information about these priorities can be set / instructed to the UE by the base station (e.g., considering the channel environment and / or coverage) through RRC signaling or SIB (e.g., SIB1).

[0319] In cases 1-3 where SS sequences are not distinguished by purpose / use, among the two overlapping opportunities, the SS sequence of the opportunity that is earlier in time order from the start of the opportunity is transmitted, and the SS of the opportunity that is later in time order may be dropped.

[0320] In case 2-3 where SS sequences are distinguished according to purpose / use, SS#1 may have a higher priority than SS#2, and SS#1 with a higher priority may be transmitted and SS#2 with a lower priority may be dropped. Here, SS#1 may be related to synchronization and SS#2 may be related to RRM measurement, or SS#1 may be related to RRM measurement and SS#2 may be related to RRM measurement. If the dropped SS is a preamble-type SS transmitted together with a WUS signal, the WUS may be dropped together with the SS. The priority may be set / defined as the priority between a periodic SS and an aperiodic SS. For example, a periodic SS may be given a high priority and an aperiodic SS a low priority. Alternatively, aperiodic SS may be given a high priority and a periodic SS a low priority. Information about these priorities can be set / instructed to the terminal by the base station through RRC signaling or SIB (e.g., SIB1) (e.g., considering the channel environment and / or coverage).

[0321] In the case of cases 2-3 where SS sequences are distinguished by purpose / use, among the two overlapping opportunities, the SS sequence of the opportunity that is earlier in time order from the start point of the opportunity is transmitted, and the SS of the opportunity that is later in time order may be dropped.

[0322] For cases 2-3, where SS sequences are distinguished by purpose / use, and where the opportunities for periodic SS and aperiodic SS overlap, periodic SS and aperiodic SS may be transmitted in FDM. Aperiodic SS may include both SS transmitted as part of a WUS and SS transmitted aperiodically without a WUS. This approach can be applied to WUR Type 2, as it requires a separate correlator in the frequency domain.

[0323] Figures 18 (b) and (c) correspond to examples of case 1-3-1 in which SS is not distinguished according to purpose / use and transmission method 3 is applied.

[0324] In the examples of (b) and (c) of Fig. 18, opportunity A is assumed to correspond to an {SS} opportunity and its period is 17 ms, and opportunity B is assumed to correspond to an {SS+WUS} opportunity and its period is 5 ms.

[0325] In the example of (b) of Fig. 18, when opportunities A and B overlap, SS is transmitted from opportunity A with a high priority, and SS (and WUS) of opportunity B with a low priority may be dropped.

[0326] In the example of (c) of Fig. 18, when opportunities A and B overlap, the SS of the opportunity that starts first in time order is transmitted, and the SS of the opportunity that starts later may be dropped. When the first opportunity A and the first opportunity B overlap and start at the same time, the opportunity A, which includes periodic SS, may have a higher priority and transmit SS, and the opportunity B, which includes aperiodic SS, may have a lower priority and drop SS (and WUS). When the second opportunity A and the fourth opportunity B overlap and opportunity B starts at an earlier time than opportunity A, the SS and WUS of opportunity B may be transmitted, and the SS of opportunity A may be dropped.

[0327] Figures 18 (d) and (e) correspond to examples of case 2-3-1 in which SS is distinguished according to purpose / use and transmission method 3 is applied.

[0328] In the examples of (d) and (e) of Fig. 18, opportunity A is assumed to correspond to the {SS#1} opportunity and its period is 17 ms, and opportunity B is assumed to correspond to the {SS#2+WUS} opportunity and its period is 5 ms.

[0329] In the example of (d) of Fig. 18, when opportunities A and B overlap, SS#1 of opportunity A with high priority may be transmitted, and SS#2 (and WUS) of opportunity B with low priority may be dropped.

[0330] In the example of (e) of Fig. 18, when opportunities A and B overlap, the SS of the opportunity that starts first in time order is transmitted, and the SS of the opportunity that starts later may be dropped. When the first opportunity A and the first opportunity B overlap and start at the same time, SS#1 with a higher priority is transmitted, and SS#2 (and WUS) with a lower priority may be dropped. When the second opportunity A and the fourth opportunity B overlap and opportunity B starts at an earlier time than opportunity A, SS#2 and WUS of opportunity B are transmitted, and SS#1 of opportunity A may be dropped.

[0331] Although not shown in Fig. 18, if SSs of different opportunities can be transmitted together in an FDM manner, both SSs of opportunity A and SSs and WUSs of opportunity B can be transmitted (on the same time resource (or some overlapping time resource) on different frequency resources) without dropping opportunities.

[0332] In Case 2-3, where SSs are distinguished by purpose / use and transmission method 3 is applied, SSs with different purposes / uses may be distinguished and transmitted periodically / aperiodicly. For example, SSs for RRM measurement may be transmitted as periodic SSs, and SSs for synchronization may be transmitted as aperiodic SS (e.g., SS transmitted as part of WUS). Alternatively, SSs for synchronization may be transmitted as periodic SSs, and SSs for RRM measurement may be transmitted as aperiodic SS (e.g., SS transmitted as part of WUS).

[0333] FIG. 19 illustrates other examples of SS / WUS opportunities according to transmission method 3 of the present disclosure.

[0334] The example of Fig. 19 illustrates a case where the length of a sequence of SS (or SS#1) transmitted in opportunity A supporting the first period transmission or the single transmission without WUS and the length of a sequence of SS (or SS#2) transmitted in opportunity B supporting the second period transmission or the transmission with WUS are different from each other. For example, assume that the sequence of SS (or SS#1) of opportunity A is longer than the sequence of SS (or SS#2) of opportunity B. If the size of frequency resources to which sequences are mapped is the same, the size / number of time resources required to transmit a longer sequence may be greater than the size / number of time resources required to transmit a shorter sequence.

[0335] In an opportunity where only SS can be transmitted (e.g., single transmission of SS without WUS), an SS sequence optimized for the purpose / purpose may be considered for transmission, depending on whether the purpose / purpose is synchronization or RRM measurement at that time. Next, in the case of (aperiodic) SS transmitted in the form of a preamble of WUS, transmitting an SS sequence for a different purpose / purpose may not be optimal depending on the situation. For example, for an opportunity where single transmission of SS is guaranteed, the length of the optimized sequence (for synchronization or RRM measurement purposes) may be very long. For example, the sequence length of SS configured for {SS} opportunity may be different from the length of the sequence configured for {SS+WUS} opportunity.

[0336] In this case, the transmission method in conflicting / overlapping opportunities can be applied in the same manner as described for the examples of Fig. 18. For example, whether to drop or transmit based on priorities in the examples (a), (b), (c), and (d) of Fig. 19 is assumed to be applied in the same manner to the examples (b), (c), (d), and (e) of Fig. 18, and therefore, any redundant explanation will be omitted.

[0337] In relation to the examples described above, an LO (LP-WUS occasion) may be defined. For example, the LO may correspond to a {WUS} opportunity in the examples described above, or may correspond to an OFDM symbol in which an LP-WUS is transmitted, or may correspond to a group of OFDM symbols in which an LP-WUS is transmitted. Alternatively, the LO may correspond to a predetermined time unit in which an LP-WUS can be monitored.

[0338] For example, one LO may correspond to a set of one or more LMOs (LP-WUS monitoring occasions). For example, one LO may correspond to a unit in which one or more LMOs are aggregated. For example, one LMO may be associated with one SSB index / beam. One SSB index / beam may be associated with one or more LMOs. Some LMOs may be associated with the same SSB index / beam. Some LMOs may be associated with different SSB indices / beams.

[0339] For example, assume that the number of SSB indices / beams is set / defined as B, and the number of LMOs corresponding to each SSB index / beam is set / defined as K. In this case, one LO can include B*K LMOs.

[0340] For example, the positions of multiple LOs in the time domain can be set / defined based on a predetermined interval (or offset) and / or period. When multiple LOs exist, different LOs may contain the same number of LMOs (e.g., B*K). For example, multiple LOs may correspond to LOs that repeat in the time domain.

[0341] In this case, a specific signal is required for LMO detection / reception. The specific signal may include a signal for synchronization purposes / use (e.g., LP-SS). For example, in the examples below, the specific signal may be referred to as an additional synchronization signal. If the specific signal is transmitted as part of the LP-SS, the specific signal may correspond to the preamble of the LP-WUS.

[0342] These specific signals can be set / defined as follows:

[0343] Example A: For each SSB index / beam within each LO, one additional synchronization signal may be set / defined. For example, within one LO, a first additional synchronization signal may be set / defined for K LMOs corresponding to a first SSB index / beam among B SSB indices / beams, and a second additional synchronization signal may be set / defined for K LMOs corresponding to a second SSB index / beam. Similarly, an additional synchronization signal may be set / defined for each K LMO in each of the other LO(s).

[0344] Here, the additional synchronization signal for the K LMOs may be positioned ahead of the earliest LMO in the time domain by a predetermined number of time units (e.g., symbols / symbol groups / slots). For example, one additional synchronization signal may be applied commonly to the K LMOs.

[0345] Example B: For each SSB index / beam within each LO group, one additional synchronization signal may be set / defined. One LO group may be assumed to include N LOs. For example, within one LO group (or for N LOs), a first additional synchronization signal may be set / defined for N*K LMOs corresponding to a first SSB index / beam among B SSB indices / beams (e.g., K LMOs of the first LO, K LMOs of the second LO, ..., K LMOs of the N-th LO). Furthermore, within the same LO group (or for N LOs), a second additional synchronization signal may be set / defined for N*K LMOs corresponding to a second SSB index / beam among B SSB indices / beams (e.g., K LMOs of the first LO, K LMOs of the second LO, ..., K LMOs of the N-th LO). Similarly, additional synchronization signals can be set / defined for each of the N*K LMOs in each of the other LO group(s).

[0346] Here, the additional synchronization signal for the N*K LMOs can be positioned ahead of the earliest LMO in the time domain among the N*K LMOs by a predetermined number of time units (e.g., symbols / symbol groups / slots). For example, one additional synchronization signal can be applied commonly to the N*K LMOs.

[0347] Example C: For each SSB index / beam within each LO, M additional synchronization signals may be set / defined. For example, within one LO, among the K LMOs corresponding to a first SSB index / beam among the B SSB indices / beams, a 1-1 additional synchronization signal may be set / defined for the 1-1st K / M LMOs, and a 1-2 additional synchronization signal may be set / defined for the 1-2nd K / M LMOs. Furthermore, within the same LO, among the K LMOs corresponding to a second SSB index / beam among the B SSB indices / beams, a 2-1 additional synchronization signal may be set / defined for the 2-1st K / M LMOs, and a 2-2 additional synchronization signal may be set / defined for the 2-2nd K / M LMOs. Similarly, additional synchronization signals may be set / defined for each of the K / M LMOs in each of the other LO(s).

[0348] Here, the additional synchronization signal for the K / M LMOs may be positioned ahead of the earliest LMO in the time domain among the K / M LMOs by a predetermined number of time units (e.g., symbols / symbol groups / slots). For example, one additional synchronization signal may be commonly applied to the K / M LMOs.

[0349] In the examples A, B, and C described above, the additional synchronization signals configured / defined for the plurality of LMOs can be defined to always be transmitted, regardless of whether LP-WUS is actually transmitted in the plurality of LMOs (or both in the case where LP-WUS is transmitted and in the case where LP-WUS is not transmitted). The terminal can expect (or operate based on the assumption that) the additional synchronization signals are transmitted at the locations configured / defined in advance for the plurality of LMOs.

[0350] Alternatively, in the examples A, B, and C described above, the additional synchronization signal set / defined for the plurality of LMOs may be defined as being transmitted when LP-WUS is transmitted from at least one of the plurality of LMOs. For example, the additional synchronization signal set / defined for the plurality of LMOs may be defined as being transmitted when LP-WUS is transmitted from at least one of the plurality of LMOs. For example, when LP-WUS is not transmitted from any of the plurality of LMOs, the additional synchronization signal set / defined for the plurality of LMOs may be defined as not being transmitted.

[0351] The terminal may expect (or act based on the assumption that) additional synchronization signals will be transmitted based on whether LP-WUS is transmitted in one or more LMOs (e.g., distinguishing between cases where LP-WUS is transmitted in one or more LMOs or where LP-WUS is not transmitted in any of the LMOs).

[0352] Example 2

[0353] This embodiment is about a method of setting / instructing through SS whether to monitor / skip WUS opportunities.

[0354] SS can be generated as an MC-OOK signal and transmitted in the form of an OOK symbol. Additionally, an OFDM sequence overlaid on the OOK symbol can be applied. Additional messages / information can be provided through the overlaid OFDM sequence, depending on the WUR type or terminal capabilities. For example, utilizing a Zadoff-Chu sequence can reduce PAPR, and additional information can be provided depending on the root index or cyclic shift (CS).

[0355] As mentioned above, the primary purposes of SS are WUS detection, synchronization, and serving cell RRM measurement. Furthermore, as mentioned above, SS can be transmitted as part of a WUS or as a preamble to a WUS. Furthermore, SS can be transmitted periodically, independently of the WUS. Therefore, the WUS monitoring process through SS can be differentiated depending on the SS / WUS structure.

[0356] To further reduce power consumption of the terminal, information indicating whether the terminal should monitor (e.g., attempt to receive / decode) the WUS or skip monitoring at a monitoring opportunity (a transmission opportunity from the base station's perspective) of the configured / instructed WUS can be provided to the terminal via SS.

[0357] Below, we describe methods in which monitoring for WUS is indicated through periodic SS (e.g., SS transmitted separately from WUS) and / or aperiodic SS (e.g., SS transmitted as part of WUS).

[0358] For instructions via periodic SS, monitoring or skipping of WUS signals within the period of SS (i.e., within the time interval between the received periodic SS and the next scheduled periodic SS) may be instructed.

[0359] In the case of an instruction via an aperiodic SS, monitoring or skipping of a WUS signal for a predetermined period (within a predetermined time offset from the point immediately after the reception of the aperiodic SS) may be instructed from the reception of the aperiodic SS.

[0360] In the case of instructions via periodic SS and aperiodic SS, first instruction information may be provided for monitoring or skipping of a WUS signal within the period of the SS (i.e., within the time interval between the received periodic SS and the next scheduled periodic SS). If an aperiodic SS exists within the period, second instruction information may be provided for monitoring or skipping of a WUS signal within a predetermined interval (within a predetermined time offset from the time immediately after the reception of the aperiodic SS) from the reception of the aperiodic SS. For example, the first instruction information may be applied by default, and when the second instruction information is acquired, the second instruction information may be applied (or overridden) instead of the first instruction information. The predetermined interval indicated by the second instruction information may not exceed the next periodic SS opportunity.

[0361] In the examples described above, the information indicating whether to monitor the WUS signal may include monitoring or skipping both the preamble and the data (payload) included in the WUS signal, monitoring or skipping only the preamble, or monitoring or skipping only the data. For example, in the case of an indication via periodic SS and aperiodic SS, the first indication information may indicate whether to monitor the preamble of the WUS signal, whether to monitor the data, or whether to monitor both the preamble and the data. For example, in the case of an indication via periodic SS and aperiodic SS, the second indication information may indicate whether to monitor the data of the WUS signal.

[0362] In the examples described above, a specific time offset from the reception of the aperiodic SS (e.g., a predetermined time interval from the point immediately after the reception of the aperiodic SS) may be predefined as N slots / symbols / slot groups / symbol groups or may be pre-configured (e.g., by RRC signaling, SIB (e.g., SIB1), etc.).

[0363] To set / indicate whether to monitor WUS opportunities via periodic / aperiodic SS, the following characteristics of the SS sequence can be used:

[0364] For example, the base station and the terminal can be set / instructed through a sequence known in advance.

[0365] Specifically, the terminal can implicitly determine whether to perform monitoring or skip based on correlations in the WUR for different sequences known in advance. For example, when using two sequences, if a high correlation is detected for the first sequence, the terminal can determine that monitoring is indicated, and if a high correlation is detected for the second sequence, the terminal can determine that skipping is indicated.

[0366] As another example, monitoring or skipping can be set / indicated using some bits (e.g., 1 bit) among the bit(s) transmitted via SS.

[0367] Specifically, the 1 bit may correspond to the first 1 bit of the SS sequence, the last 1 bit, or the 1 bit at a specific location (a location known in advance by the base station and the terminal). If the 1 bit is set to a first value (e.g., 1) or corresponds to a symbol corresponding to ON in OOK, monitoring may be indicated, and if it is set to a second value (e.g., 0) or corresponds to a symbol corresponding to OFF in OOK, skipping may be indicated.

[0368] As another example, for WURs with high capabilities (e.g., WUR Type 2 or WUR Type 3 terminals), monitoring for WUS opportunities can be set / instructed using overlaid OFDM sequences.

[0369] Specifically, when a ZC sequence is used as an overlaid OFDM sequence, whether to monitor for a WUS opportunity may be indicated based on a CS index or a root index. For example, if a ZC sequence of a root index (or CS index) of a first value is detected / received, the terminal may decide to monitor a WUS opportunity. Alternatively, if a ZC sequence of a root index (or CS index) of a second value is detected / received, the terminal may decide to skip a WUS opportunity.

[0370] The embodiments described above are combinations of components and features of the present disclosure in a predetermined form. Each component or feature should be considered optional unless explicitly stated otherwise. Each component or feature may be implemented without being combined with other components or features. Furthermore, it is also possible to form embodiments of the present disclosure by combining some components and / or features. The order of operations described in the embodiments of the present disclosure may be changed. Some components or features of one embodiment may be included in another embodiment or may be replaced with corresponding components or features of another embodiment. It is self-evident that claims that do not have an explicit citation relationship in the patent claims may be combined to form embodiments or incorporated as new claims through post-application amendments.

[0371] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present disclosure may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the essential characteristics thereof. Therefore, the above detailed description should not be construed as limiting in any respect, but rather as illustrative. The scope of the present disclosure should be determined by a reasonable interpretation of the appended claims, and all modifications within the scope of equivalents of the present disclosure are intended to be included within the scope of the present disclosure.

[0372] The scope of the present disclosure includes software or machine-executable instructions (e.g., an operating system, an application, firmware, a program, etc.) that cause operations according to the methods of various embodiments to be executed on a device or a computer, and a non-transitory computer-readable medium having such software or instructions stored thereon and executable on the device or computer. Instructions that can be used to program a processing system to perform the features described in the present disclosure can be stored on / in a storage medium or a computer-readable storage medium, and a computer program product including such a storage medium can be used to implement the features described in the present disclosure. The storage medium can include, but is not limited to, high-speed random access memory, such as DRAM, SRAM, DDR RAM, or other random access solid state memory devices, and can include non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic disk storage devices, optical disk storage devices, flash memory devices, or other non-volatile solid state storage devices. The memory optionally includes one or more storage devices remotely located from the processor(s). The memory or, alternatively, the non-volatile memory device(s) within the memory comprise a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. The features described in this disclosure may be incorporated into software and / or firmware stored on any of the machine-readable media, which may control the hardware of the processing system and allow the processing system to interact with other mechanisms that utilize results according to embodiments of the present disclosure. Such software or firmware may include, but is not limited to, application code, device drivers, operating systems, and execution environments / containers.

[0373] Here, the wireless communication technology implemented in the device of the present disclosure may include not only LTE, NR, and 6G, but also Narrowband Internet of Things for low-power communication. For example, NB-IoT technology may be an example of LPWAN (Low Power Wide Area Network) technology and may be implemented with standards such as LTE Cat NB1 and / or LTE Cat NB2, and is not limited to the above-described names. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless communication technology implemented in the device of the present disclosure may perform communication based on LTE-M technology. For example, LTE-M technology may be an example of LPWAN technology and may be called by various names such as eMTC (enhanced Machine Type Communication). For example, LTE-M technology can be implemented by at least one of various standards such as 1) LTE CAT 0, 2) LTE Cat M1, 3) LTE Cat M2, 4) LTE non-BL (non-Bandwidth Limited), 5) LTE-MTC, 6) LTE Machine Type Communication, and / or 7) LTE M, and is not limited to the above-described names. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless communication technology implemented in the device (100, 200) of the present disclosure can include at least one of ZigBee, Bluetooth, and Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) considering low-power communication, and is not limited to the above-described names. For example, ZigBee technology can create personal area networks (PANs) related to small / low-power digital communication based on various standards such as IEEE 802.15.4, and can be called by various names.

[0374] The method proposed in this disclosure is explained with a focus on examples applied to 3GPP LTE / LTE-A, 5G, and 6G systems, but can be applied to various wireless communication systems in addition to 3GPP LTE / LTE-A, 5G, and 6G systems.

Claims

1. A step of receiving, by a terminal, from a network, configuration information for at least one of a first opportunity for a synchronization signal (SS) or a second opportunity for a wake-up signal (WUS); A step of receiving the SS from the network by the terminal at the first opportunity; and A method comprising the step of receiving the WUS from the network by the terminal at the second opportunity.

2. In paragraph 1, The above SS is transmitted from the network at each of the first opportunities.

3. In paragraph 1, The above WUS is transmitted from the network during some of the second opportunities.

4. In paragraph 1, A method wherein the WUS is transmitted from the network at one of the second opportunities based on a predetermined event.

5. In paragraph 1, A method in which the SS is additionally transmitted at the second opportunity in which the WUS is transmitted.

6. In paragraph 5, A method in which the SS additionally transmitted in the second opportunity is transmitted as part of the WUS.

7. In paragraph 5, The SS additionally transmitted in the second opportunity corresponds to the preamble of the WUS, the method.

8. In paragraph 5, A method in which the SS additionally transmitted in the second opportunity is transmitted on a frequency resource distinct from the WUS.

9. In paragraph 5, A method in which the SS additionally transmitted in the second opportunity is transmitted on a time resource that partially or completely overlaps with the WUS, or on a time resource that is distinct from the WUS.

10. In paragraph 1, The above SS is associated with synchronization for at least one of time and frequency, and is also associated with radio resource management measurements.

11. In paragraph 1, The above setting information includes information about the first cycle, The above first opportunity is based on the first cycle, method.

12. In paragraph 1, The above setting information includes information for the second cycle, The above second opportunity is based on the second cycle, method.

13. In paragraph 1, The above first opportunity and the above second opportunity are related, method.

14. In paragraph 13, The above setting information includes information about the time offset, The method wherein the second opportunity corresponds to a time position separated by the time offset from a given time reference.

15. In paragraph 14, The above given time reference corresponds to the most recent above first opportunity, method.

16. In paragraph 13, The above setting information includes information for the third cycle, The above first opportunity corresponds to the odd-numbered opportunity or the opportunity with an even index in the order of the third period, The above second opportunity corresponds to an even-numbered opportunity or an opportunity with an odd index in the order of the above third cycle.

17. In paragraph 1, A method wherein the above SS and the above WUS are received by a low power wake-up receiver (LP-WUR) of the terminal.

18. In paragraph 1, A method wherein the above SS is a low-power-SS (LP-SS) and the above WUS is a low-power-WUS (LP-WUS).

19. One or more transceivers; and comprising one or more processors connected to said one or more transceivers, One or more of the above processors: Receive setup information for at least one of a first occasion for a synchronization signal (SS) or a second occasion for a wake-up signal (WUS) from the network via the at least one transceiver; At the first opportunity, the SS is received from the network through the one or more transceivers; and A terminal configured to receive the WUS from the network through the one or more transceivers at the second opportunity.

20. A step of transmitting, by a base station, to a terminal, configuration information for at least one of a first opportunity for a synchronization signal (SS) or a second opportunity for a wake-up signal (WUS); A step of transmitting the SS to the terminal by the base station at the first opportunity; and A method comprising the step of transmitting the WUS to the terminal by the base station at the second opportunity.

21. One or more transmitters and receivers; and comprising one or more processors connected to said one or more transceivers, One or more of the above processors: Transmitting, to a terminal, configuration information for at least one of a first occasion for a synchronization signal (SS) or a second occasion for a wake-up signal (WUS) via said at least one transceiver; In the first opportunity, the SS is transmitted to the terminal through the one or more transceivers; and A base station configured to transmit the WUS to the terminal through the one or more transceivers at the second opportunity.

22. One or more processors; and A processing device comprising one or more computer memories operatively connected to said one or more processors and storing instructions for performing a method according to any one of claims 1 to 18 based on execution by said one or more processors.

23. One or more non-transitory computer-readable media storing one or more instructions that are executed by one or more processors to control the performance of a method according to any one of claims 1 to 18.

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