System, method, and apparatus for supporting communication and sensing

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a 5G or 6G communication system for providing a higher data transmission rate than the previous 4G communication system, such as LTE. The method of a transmission and reception point (TRP) in a system supporting communication and sensing of the present disclosure comprises the steps of: determining a transmission role and a reception role for bistatic sensing; transmitting information regarding the transmission role and the reception role to the UE; receiving information regarding the sensing capability from the UE; and performing resource allocation on the basis of the received information regarding the sensing capability and transmitting information regarding the resource allocation to the UE.

Description

Systems, methods and devices for supporting communication and sensing

[0001] The present disclosure relates to systems, methods and devices for supporting communication and sensing.

[0002] Looking back at the evolution of wireless communication over successive generations, technologies have primarily been developed for human-facing services such as voice, multimedia, and data. With the commercialization of 5G (5th-generation) communication systems, an explosive increase in connected devices is expected to be connected to communication networks. Examples of networked objects include vehicles, robots, drones, home appliances, displays, smart sensors installed in various infrastructures, construction equipment, and factory equipment. Mobile devices are expected to evolve into diverse form factors, including augmented reality glasses, virtual reality headsets, and holographic devices. In the 6th-generation (6G) era, efforts are being made to develop improved 6G communication systems to connect hundreds of billions of devices and objects and provide diverse services. For this reason, 6G communication systems are often referred to as "beyond 5G."

[0003] The 6G communication system, expected to be realized around 2030, will have a maximum transmission speed of terabytes per second (i.e., 1,000 gigabits per second) and a wireless latency of 100 microseconds (μsec). In other words, compared to 5G, the transmission speed in a 6G communication system will be 50 times faster, while the wireless latency will be reduced to one-tenth.

[0004] To achieve these high data rates and ultra-low latency, 6G communication systems are being considered for implementation in the terahertz band (e.g., from 95 gigahertz (GHz) to 3 terahertz (THz)). Compared to the millimeter wave (mmWave) band introduced in 5G, the terahertz band is expected to experience more severe path loss and atmospheric absorption, making it more crucial to ensure signal reach, or coverage, in this band. Key technologies to ensure coverage include radio frequency (RF) components, antennas, new waveforms that offer better coverage than OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing), beamforming, and multiple antenna transmission technologies such as massive multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO), full-dimensional MIMO (FD-MIMO), array antennas, and large-scale antennas. In addition, new technologies such as metamaterial-based lenses and antennas, high-dimensional spatial multiplexing using orbital angular momentum (OAM), and reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) are being discussed to improve the coverage of terahertz band signals.

[0005] In addition, in order to improve frequency efficiency and system network, 6G communication systems are developing full duplex technology that utilizes the same frequency resources for uplink and downlink at the same time; network technology that integrates satellites and high-altitude platform stations (HAPS); network structure innovation technology that supports mobile base stations and enables optimization and automation of network operation; dynamic spectrum sharing technology through collision avoidance based on spectrum usage prediction; AI-based communication technology that utilizes artificial intelligence (AI) from the design stage and internalizes end-to-end AI support functions to realize system optimization; and next-generation distributed computing technology that realizes services with complexity that exceeds the limits of terminal computing capabilities by utilizing ultra-high-performance communication and computing resources (mobile edge computing (MEC), cloud, etc.). In addition, efforts are being made to further strengthen connectivity between devices, further optimize networks, promote softwareization of network entities, and increase the openness of wireless communications through the design of new protocols to be used in 6G communication systems, the implementation of hardware-based security environments, the development of mechanisms for the safe use of data, and the development of technologies for maintaining privacy.

[0006] Research and development of these 6G communication systems are expected to enable a new level of hyper-connected experience through the hyper-connectivity of 6G communication systems, which encompass not only connections between things but also connections between people and things. Specifically, 6G communication systems are expected to enable services such as truly immersive extended reality (Truly Immersive XR), high-fidelity mobile holograms, and digital replicas. Furthermore, services such as remote surgery, industrial automation, and emergency response, which are provided through enhanced security and reliability, will find application in diverse fields such as industry, healthcare, automotive, and home appliances.

[0007] The present disclosure relates to a method and device for providing bistatic sensing between a transmission reception point (TRP) and a user equipment (UE) in a system supporting communication and sensing.

[0008] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a method of a transmission and reception point (TRP) in a system supporting communication and sensing may include: determining a transmission role and a reception role for bistatic sensing; transmitting information about the transmission role and the reception role to the UE; receiving information about the sensing capability from the UE; and performing resource allocation based on the received information about the sensing capability and transmitting information about the resource allocation to the UE.

[0009] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a method of a user equipment (UE) in a system supporting communication and sensing comprises the steps of: receiving information on a transmitting role and a receiving role for bistatic sensing from a transmission reception point (TRP); transmitting information on the sensing capability to the TRP; and receiving information on resource allocation from the TRP.

[0010] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, in a system supporting communication and sensing, a transmission and reception point (TRP) includes a transceiver; and at least one processor, wherein the at least one processor is configured to determine a transmission role and a reception role for bistatic sensing, transmit information about the transmission role and the reception role to the UE, receive information about the sensing capability from the UE, and perform resource allocation based on the received information about the sensing capability, and transmit information about the resource allocation to the UE.

[0011] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, in a system supporting communication and sensing, a user equipment (UE) includes a transceiver; and at least one processor; wherein the at least one processor is configured to receive information about a transmitting role and a receiving role for bistatic sensing from a transmission reception point (TRP), transmit information about the sensing capability to the TRP, and receive information about resource allocation from the TRP.

[0012] The device and method proposed in this disclosure enable sharing of information necessary to support bistatic sensing between TRP-UEs in a JCAS system.

[0013] The device method proposed in the present disclosure can improve sensing performance by enabling time synchronization between a transmitting role device and a receiving role device and notification of success / failure of synchronization on a TRP-UE structure without backhaul.

[0014] FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram of a communication system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0015] FIG. 2a is a diagram illustrating a basic structure in the time-frequency domain in a wireless communication system according to one embodiment of the disclosure.

[0016] FIG. 2b is a diagram illustrating a frame, subframe, and slot structure in a wireless communication system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0017] FIG. 3 illustrates a JCAS system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0018] Figures 4a and 4b illustrate a bistatic sensing structure of a JCAS system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0019] FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating the influence of mobility of a UE in a JCAS system using a bistatic sensing structure according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0020] FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating the influence of a change in the position of a UE in a JCAS system using a bistatic sensing structure according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0021] FIGS. 7A and 7B illustrate a sensing procedure in a JCAS system using a bistatic sensing structure between a transmission reception point (TRP) and a user equipment (UE), according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0022] FIG. 8 illustrates the overall operation of a JCAS system using a bistatic sensing structure according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0023] FIG. 9 illustrates an example of a bistatic sensing operation in a JCAS system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0024] FIG. 10 illustrates an example of a bistatic sensing operation in a JCAS system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0025] FIG. 11 illustrates an example of a bistatic sensing operation in a JCAS system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0026] FIG. 12 illustrates an example of a bistatic sensing operation in a JCAS system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0027] FIG. 13 illustrates signaling operations according to a triggering entity of bistatic sensing in a JCAS system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0028] FIG. 14 illustrates a sensing configuration broadcasting signaling operation based on a system information block (SIB) of bistatic sensing in a JCAS system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0029] FIG. 15 is a diagram showing a form of a timestamp transmission method of bistatic sensing in a JCAS system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure, as a sensing signal.

[0030] FIG. 16 illustrates a difference in the timestamp transmission method of bistatic sensing in a JCAS system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0031] FIG. 17 illustrates the operation of a UE in a timestamp transmitting and receiving role of bistatic sensing in a JCAS system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0032] FIG. 18 illustrates the operation of a timestamp transmission / reception and reception role TRP of bistatic sensing in a JCAS system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0033] FIGS. 19a and 19b illustrate examples of timestamp reception success and notification operations of bistatic sensing in a JCAS system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0034] FIGS. 20A and 20B illustrate examples of timestamp reception failure determination and reporting operations of bistatic sensing in a JCAS system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0035] FIG. 21 illustrates an example of a result reporting operation when a transmitting role device of bistatic sensing in a JCAS system is a TRP and a receiving role device is a UE, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0036] FIG. 22 illustrates an example of result reporting signaling when a transmitting role device of bistatic sensing in a JCAS system is a TRP and a receiving role device is a UE, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0037] FIGS. 23a and 23b illustrate examples of a result reporting message of bistatic sensing in a JCAS system, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0038] FIG. 24 illustrates a procedure for storing and reporting the position and velocity of a receiving role UE in a bistatic sensing structure in a JCAS system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0039] FIG. 25 illustrates a procedure for storing and reporting the position and velocity of a receiving role UE when the receiving role UE moves at high speed in a bistatic sensing structure in a JCAS system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0040] FIG. 26 illustrates the adjacent TRP operation in the downlink in a bistatic sensing structure in a JCAS system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0041] FIG. 27 illustrates the operation of an adjacent UE in a downlink in a bistatic sensing structure in a JCAS system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0042] FIG. 28 illustrates uplink UE operation in a bistatic sensing structure in a JCAS system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0043] FIG. 29 is a diagram showing an example configuration of a base station according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0044] FIG. 30 is a diagram showing an example configuration of a terminal according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0045] In describing the embodiments, descriptions of technical details that are well known in the technical field to which the present disclosure pertains and are not directly related to the present disclosure will be omitted. This is to ensure that the gist of the present disclosure is conveyed more clearly without obscuring it by omitting unnecessary explanations.

[0046] For the same reason, some components in the attached drawings are exaggerated, omitted, or schematically depicted. Furthermore, the dimensions of each component do not entirely reflect its actual size. Identical or corresponding components in each drawing are assigned the same reference numbers.

[0047] The advantages and features of the present disclosure, and methods for achieving them, will become clearer with reference to the embodiments described below in detail together with the accompanying drawings. However, the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments disclosed below and may be implemented in various different forms. These embodiments are provided only to ensure that the disclosure of the present disclosure is complete and to fully inform those skilled in the art of the scope of the disclosure, and the present disclosure is defined only by the scope of the claims. Like reference numerals designate like elements throughout the specification. In addition, when describing the present disclosure, if a specific description of a related function or configuration is determined to unnecessarily obscure the gist of the present disclosure, the detailed description thereof will be omitted. In addition, the terms described below are terms defined in consideration of the functions of the present disclosure, and these may vary depending on the intention or custom of the user or operator. Therefore, their definitions should be made based on the contents throughout the specification.

[0048] At this time, it will be understood that each block of the processing flowchart drawings and combinations of the flowchart drawings can be performed by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be installed in a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, or other programmable data processing equipment, so that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing equipment create a means for performing the functions described in the flowchart block(s). These computer program instructions can also be stored in a computer-available or computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing equipment to implement the functions in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-available or computer-readable memory can also produce a manufactured item that includes an instruction means for performing the functions described in the flowchart block(s). Since the computer program instructions may be installed on a computer or other programmable data processing device, a series of operational steps may be performed on the computer or other programmable data processing device to create a computer-executable process, and the instructions that cause the computer or other programmable data processing device to perform the steps for performing the functions described in the flowchart block(s) may also provide steps for performing the functions described in the flowchart block(s).

[0049] Additionally, each block may represent a module, segment, or portion of code that contains one or more executable instructions for performing a specific logical function(s). It should also be noted that in some alternative implementation examples, the functions described in the blocks may occur out of order. For example, two blocks depicted in succession may actually be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in reverse order, depending on their respective functions.

[0050] Here, the term '~ part' used in this embodiment means software or hardware components such as FPGA (field programmable gate array) or ASIC (application specific integrated circuit), and the '~ part' performs certain roles. However, the '~ part' is not limited to software or hardware. The '~ part' may be configured to be on an addressable storage medium or may be configured to play one or more processors. Therefore, as an example, the '~ part' includes components such as software components, object-oriented software components, class components, and task components, processes, functions, properties, procedures, subroutines, segments of program code, drivers, firmware, microcode, circuits, data, databases, data structures, tables, arrays, and variables. The functions provided within the components and '~ parts' may be combined into a smaller number of components and '~ parts' or further separated into additional components and '~ parts'. Additionally, the components and '~parts' may be implemented to activate one or more CPUs within a device or secure multimedia card. In addition, in an embodiment, the '~parts' may include one or more processors.

[0051] In this disclosure, phrases such as "A or B", "at least one of A and B", "at least one of A or B", "A, B, or C", "at least one of A, B, and C", and "at least one of A, B, or C" can each include any one of the items listed together in that phrase, or all possible combinations thereof. Terms such as "first", "second", or "first" or "second" may be used simply to distinguish the corresponding component from other corresponding components and do not limit the corresponding components in any other respect (e.g., importance or order).

[0052] For convenience of explanation, some terms and names defined in the 3GPP standards (standards for 5G, NR, LTE, or similar systems) may be used. However, the present disclosure is not limited to these terms and names, and the present disclosure can be equally applied to systems conforming to other standards. Furthermore, the terms used in the embodiments of the present disclosure below are not limited to these terms, and other terms that refer to objects with equivalent technical meanings may be used.

[0053] [Communication System]

[0054] FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram of a communication system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0055] Referring to FIG. 1, a communication system (10) may include a terminal (11), a radio access network (RAN) (12), a core network (CN) (13), and / or another network (14).

[0056] The terminal (11) may be a user device capable of performing a communication function. For example, the terminal (11) may include a user equipment (UE), a mobile station (MS), a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU), a cellular phone, a smart phone, a machine type communication (MTC) device, a computer, a wireless sensor, a vehicle, an IoT device, and / or other electronic devices capable of performing a communication function. The terminal (11) may communicate with other terminals or communicate with one or more network nodes within a wireless access network (12).

[0057] The wireless access network (12) may be a next generation wireless access network (e.g., 6G or a later wireless access network) or a legacy wireless access network (e.g., 5G (NR), 4G (LTE), 3G, etc.). The wireless access network (12) (or network node(s) within the wireless access network (12)) may communicate with the terminal (11) and one or more network nodes within the core network (13). In addition, the wireless access network (12) may optionally communicate with another network (13).

[0058] A wireless access network (12) may include one or more network nodes (e.g., base stations (BSs)). The base station is an entity that performs resource allocation of a terminal (11), and may be a radio base station, NodeB, evolved Node B (eNodeB or eNB), next-generation Node B (gNodeB or gNB), radio access unit, network node, network device, node on a network, base station controller, transmission point (TP), access point (AP), relay station, base band unit (BBU), remote radio unit (RRU), remote radio head (RRH), or transmit and receive point (TRP). As an embodiment, the base station may be divided into a central unit (CU) and at least one distribution unit (DU) controlled / managed by the CU. In the present disclosure, downlink (DL) refers to a wireless transmission path of a signal transmitted from a base station to a terminal (11), and uplink (UL) refers to a wireless transmission path of a signal transmitted from a terminal (11) to the base station. In the present disclosure, the operation of the base station itself or a divided configuration of the base station (e.g., CU, DU, etc.) can be understood as the operation of the base station.

[0059] The core network (13) is a part of the communication system (10) and may be dependent on or independent of the radio access technology (RAT) used in the communication system (10).

[0060] According to one embodiment, the core network (13) may be a 5G core network (5GC). As an example, the 5GC may include an access and mobility management function (AMF) that manages access and mobility of the terminal (11), a session management function (SMF) that manages packet data unit (PDU) sessions of the terminal (11), a user plane function (UPF) that is connected to a data network (DN) and performs a data transfer role, a policy control function (PCF) that provides a policy control function, a user data management (UDM) that provides a data management function such as subscriber data and policy control data, a unified data repository (UDR) that stores data of various network functions (NFs), a network slice selection function (NSSF) that selects network slice instances that service the terminal (11), and / or a network slice admission control function (NSACF) that monitors and controls the number of registered terminals and the number of PDU sessions of the network slice(s).

[0061] According to one embodiment, the core network (13) may be a core network other than 5GC (e.g., a 6G core network, a 4G (LTE) core network, etc.). In this case, the core network (13) may include network functions (nodes) that perform functions identical to or similar to the network functions (nodes) of the 5GC described above.

[0062] Another network (14) is a network other than the core network (13) and can communicate with at least one network node within the core network (13). In addition, the other network (14) can communicate with at least one network node of the wireless access network (12). As an example, the other network (14) may be a data network, a network providing an AF (Application Function) that provides application services, or an Internet network.

[0063] [Time-Frequency Resource]

[0064] Below, the frame structure of a wireless communication system (e.g., a 5G system) is described in more detail with reference to drawings.

[0065] FIG. 2a is a diagram illustrating a basic structure in the time-frequency domain in a wireless communication system according to one embodiment of the disclosure.

[0066] The horizontal axis of Fig. 2a represents the time domain, and the vertical axis represents the frequency domain. In the time and frequency domains, the basic unit of resources is a resource element (RE, 101), which can be defined as 1 OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) symbol (102) in the time axis and 1 subcarrier (103) in the frequency axis. In the frequency domain (For example, 12) consecutive REs can form one resource block (RB, 104). In Fig. 2a. is the number of OFDM symbols per subframe (110) for setting the subcarrier spacing (μ).

[0067] FIG. 2b is a diagram illustrating a frame, subframe, and slot structure in a wireless communication system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0068] FIG. 2b illustrates an example of a structure of a frame (frame, 200), a subframe (subframe, 201), and a slot (slot, 202). One frame (200) can be defined as 10 ms. One subframe (201) can be defined as 1 ms, and therefore one frame (200) can be composed of a total of 10 subframes (201). One slot (202, 203) can be defined as 14 OFDM symbols (i.e., the number of symbols per slot ( )=14). 1 subframe (201) may be composed of one or more slots (202, 203), and the number of slots (202, 203) per 1 subframe (201) may vary depending on the setting value μ (204, 205) for the subcarrier spacing. In an example of FIGS. 2A and 2B, the cases where μ = 0 (204) and μ = 1 (205) as the subcarrier spacing setting value are illustrated. When μ = 0 (204), 1 subframe (201) may be composed of 1 slot (202), and when μ = 1 (205), 1 subframe (201) may be composed of 2 slots (203). That is, the number of slots per 1 subframe ( ) may vary, and accordingly the number of slots per frame ( ) may vary. Depending on the subcarrier spacing setting μ and can be defined as shown in Table 1 below.

[0069]

[0070] [JCAS (joint communications and sensing) system / network]

[0071] Below, a system that performs both communication and sensing is described. For example, a system that integrates communication and sensing functions into a single system is described. While such a system that performs both communication and sensing may be referred to as a JCAS system, the terminology used to refer to the system is not limited to this. For example, a JCAS system may also be referred to by other terms, such as an ISAC (integrated sensing and communication) system or a JSAC (joint sensing and communications) system.

[0072] FIG. 3 illustrates a JCAS system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0073] The JCAS system (300) of FIG. 3 can provide not only the communication function provided in the communication system (10) of FIG. 1, but can also provide additional functions for providing sensing and additional functions for providing communication and sensing together.

[0074] Referring to FIG. 3, a JCAS system (300) may include at least one terminal (310) (e.g., UE1, UE2, etc.), at least one base station (i.e., JCAS-enabled transmission reception point (TRP)) (320), and / or at least one target (330) (e.g., target 1, target 2, etc.). In one embodiment, the JCAS system (300) may include a terminal (325) capable of communication and sensing. A terminal (325) that supports integrated communication and sensing functions may be referred to as a JCAS-enabled UE, a JSAC-enabled UE, or an ISAC-enabled UE.

[0075] The terminal (310, 325) may be an electronic device supporting communication functions and / or sensing functions. As an example, the terminal (310, 325) may include a UE, an MS, a wireless transmitting / receiving unit, a cellular phone, a smart phone, an MTC device, a computer, a wireless sensor, a vehicle, an IoT device, and / or other electronic devices capable of performing communication functions and / or sensing functions.

[0076] According to one embodiment, the terminal (310, 325) may use the communication function to communicate with other terminals or communicate with the network (JCAS network) of the JCAS system (300). For example, the terminal (310, 325) may communicate with other terminals, such as the terminal (11) of FIG. 1, or communicate with one or more network nodes (e.g., base station (320)) within the wireless access network of the JCAS system (300). For example, the terminal (310) may receive a communication signal (DL signal) from the base station (320) through a communication channel and transmit a communication signal (UL signal) to the base station (320).

[0077] According to one embodiment, the terminal (325) may further support sensing functions. For example, the terminal (325) may receive a sensing signal from the base station (320) through a sensing channel and perform a sensing operation based on the sensing signal. For example, the terminal (325) may transmit a sensing signal through the sensing channel. For example, the terminal (325) may receive a reflection of a sensing signal transmitted from the base station (320) or another terminal through the sensing channel and perform a sensing operation based on the received reflection (reflection signal).

[0078] According to one embodiment, the terminal (310, 325) may be a device registered in the JCAS network.

[0079] The base station (320) may be a network node that supports integrated communication and sensing functions. The base station (320) that supports integrated communication and sensing functions may be referred to as a JCAS-enabled BS, a JSAC-enabled BS, or an ISAC-enabled BS. As an example, the base station (320) may be a subject that performs resource allocation for communication and sensing of terminals (310, 325), and may be a wireless base station, a NodeB, an eNB, a gNB, a wireless access unit, a network node, a network device, a node on a network, a base station controller, a TP, an AP, a relay station, a BBU, an RRU, an RRH, a CU, a DU, or a TRP.

[0080] According to one embodiment, the base station (320) may communicate with the terminals (310, 325) using a communication function, or may communicate with the core network of the JCAS system (300) or another network. For example, the base station (320) may transmit a communication signal (DL signal) to the terminals (310, 325) through a communication channel, and receive a communication signal (UL signal) from the terminals (310, 325). The core network of the JCAS system (300) may include at least one network node for supporting a communication function (service) and a sensing function (service). According to one embodiment, the core network of the JCAS system (300) may be a 5G core network (5GC). As an example, the 5GC may include an AMF, an SMF, an UPF, a PCF, a UDM, a UDR, an NSSF, and / or an NSACF, and for a description of each NF, refer to the description of FIG. 1. According to one embodiment, the core network of the JCAS system (300) may be a core network other than 5GC (e.g., a 6G core network, a 4G (LTE) core network, etc.). In this case, the core network may include network functions (nodes) that perform functions identical to or similar to the network functions (nodes) of the 5GC described above.

[0081] According to one embodiment, the base station (320) can support a sensing function. For example, the base station (320) can transmit information required to perform sensing (e.g., resource allocation information of the sensing signal (e.g., time resource allocation information and / or frequency resource allocation information), etc.). For example, the base station (320) can transmit the sensing signal through a sensing channel. For example, the base station (320) can receive a reflection of a sensing signal transmitted from itself, another base station, or a terminal (325) through the sensing channel, and perform a sensing operation based on the received reflection (reflection signal).

[0082] The target (330) is a subject to be sensed, and may be a terminal having a communication function (e.g., the terminal (11) of FIG. 1 or the terminal (310) of FIG. 3) or an object (e.g., a person, an object, a building, a car, etc.) without a communication function. The base station (320) (or the terminal (325)) may transmit a sensing signal to the target (330) through a sensing channel. The base station (320) (or the terminal (325)) may receive a reflection (reflection signal) reflected from the target (330) and perform a sensing operation based on the reflection signal. At this time, the reflection signal may be a reflection of the sensing signal transmitted by itself, or a reflection of a sensing signal transmitted by another device (e.g., another base station or another terminal).

[0083] In one embodiment, sensing may be performed by an individual device, such as a single base station (320) or a single terminal (325) (monostatic case). In one embodiment, sensing may be performed jointly by multiple devices, such as a base station pair, a terminal pair, or a terminal-base station pair (bistatic case). In one embodiment, sensing may be performed by individual devices and / or a combination of multiple devices that perform sensing jointly (multistatic case).

[0084] According to one embodiment, a sensing signal (reflection signal) reflected from a target (330) can be used to generate sensing data for the target (330).

[0085] The sensing data may include information (sensing information) that can be derived from the reflected signal. In one embodiment, the sensing information may include signal strength, delay, timing, angle of arrival (AoA), time of flight (ToF), and / or other information that can be measured from the reflected signal.

[0086] Additionally, the sensing data may further include a description of the sensing data, information for identifying the purpose of the sensing, information for identifying the source of the sensing, and / or information about a target associated with the sensing data (e.g., target identification information, target location information, etc.).

[0087] According to one embodiment, sensing data (or sensing information) may be used to generate sensing results for a target. According to one embodiment, the sensing results may include information about the distance (range), position, and / or velocity (doppler) for the target.

[0088] Table 2 shows an example of elements and formulas for determining distance and speed through sensing.

[0089]

[0090] Referring to Table 2, the resolution (R) of the distance (range) that can be measured through sensing operation res ) can be determined based on the bandwidth (BW). The maximum value (max range) of the distance (range) that can be measured through the sensing operation is determined by the resolution (R res ) and / or FFT size (N FFT) can be determined based on the bandwidth (BW). Referring to the formula in Table 2, the wider the bandwidth (BW), the better the maximum range / range resolution can be. Meanwhile, sensing processing requires continuous frequency / bandwidth due to its nature. Therefore, the maximum continuous frequency / bandwidth available at the base station (320) needs to be used for sensing.

[0091] Referring to Table 2, the maximum value of the velocity (doppler) that can be measured through the sensing operation is the interval between adjacent OFDM symbols allocated for sensing ( ) can be determined based on the interval ( ) is shorter, the maximum Doppler can be improved. The resolution of the speed that can be measured through the sensing operation is determined by the duration of the accumulated symbol (OFDM symbol) for Doppler processing. ) can be determined based on the duration ( ) can improve the velocity resolution (Doppler resolution). Therefore, considering the Doppler requirements, an appropriate sensing signal transmission period needs to be set. As an example, the duration ( ) can be associated with the number of symbols for Doppler processing.

[0092] In one embodiment, a processing chain (e.g., a PHY processing chain) for communication (communication signals) may be the same as or different from a processing chain for sensing (sensing signals). For example, the same modulation parameters, coding parameters, and / or waveform parameters may be used for communication and sensing. For example, different modulation parameters, coding parameters, and / or waveform parameters may be used for communication and sensing.

[0093] In one embodiment, the RAT for communication may be the same as or different from the RAT for sensing.

[0094] In one embodiment, the same carrier (frequency carrier) or different carriers may be used for communication and sensing.

[0095] According to one embodiment, different signal formats (structures) may be used for communication and sensing. For example, the sensing signal structure may be different from the communication signal structure.

[0096] In one embodiment, separate PHY channels or a common PHY channel may be used for communication and sensing. For example, separate PHY control channels (e.g., PDCCH, PUCCH) and separate PHY data channels (e.g., PDSCH, PUSCH) may be used for communication and sensing, respectively. For example, a common PHY control channel (e.g., PDCCH, PUCCH) may be used for communication and sensing. When a common PHY control channel is used for communication and sensing, a PHY data channel (e.g., PDSCH, PUSCH) may be used separately or commonly for communication and sensing.

[0097] Figures 4a and 4b illustrate a bistatic sensing structure of a JCAS system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0098] The sensing structure of the JCAS system can be classified into the following sensing structures according to geometry.

[0099] A monostatic sensing structure corresponds to a sensing structure in which a transmitting function and a receiving function for sensing are arranged in the same device (or location). In one embodiment, in a monostatic sensing structure, a transmitter that transmits a sensing signal and a receiver that receives the sensing signal may be included in the same device (e.g., a base station). In one embodiment, in the case of a monostatic sensing structure, one device may transmit a sensing signal, receive a sensing signal reflected from a target, and perform a sensing operation based on the same. In the case of such a monostatic sensing structure, the transmitted sensing signal may act as self-interference, and therefore, a method for canceling this self-interference needs to be considered.

[0100] A bistatic sensing structure corresponds to a sensing structure in which a transmitting function and a receiving function for sensing are arranged in different devices (or locations). In one embodiment, in a bistatic sensing structure, a transmitter that transmits a sensing signal and a receiver that receives the sensing signal may be included in different devices (e.g., a base station or a DU). In one embodiment, in a bistatic sensing structure, a first device transmits a sensing signal, a second device different from the first device receives a sensing signal reflected from a target, and the first device and / or the second device may perform a sensing operation based on the received sensing signal. In such a bistatic sensing structure, a method for synchronization between the two devices that perform the transmitting / receiving functions of the sensing signal by sharing each other needs to be considered. Hereinafter, various embodiments of the present disclosure will be described based on the establishment of synchronization between the two devices. In the present disclosure, in a bistatic sensing structure, a device that performs the role of transmitting a sensing signal may be referred to as a transmitting (Tx) role device or a transmitting role TRP, and a device that performs the role of receiving a sensing signal may be referred to as a receiving (Rx) role device or a receiving role TRP. In the present disclosure, a sensing mode following a bistatic sensing structure may be referred to as a bistatic sensing mode.

[0101] Referring to FIG. 4A, a JCAS system utilizing a bistatic sensing structure / mode may include a transmitting role device (TRP or UE) (400) and a receiving role device (TRP or UE) (410).

[0102] According to one embodiment, the JCAS system, as an example of the JCAS system (300) of FIG. 3, supports all or part of the functionality of the JCAS system (300), and may further support additional functionality for a bistatic sensing mode.

[0103] In a bistatic sensing structure, a transmitting role device (TRP or UE) (400) can transmit a sensing signal. A receiving role device (TRP or UE) (410) can receive a sensing signal reflected from a target (e.g., object 1, 2) and obtain a sensing result and / or sensing data based on the received sensing signal. The receiving role device (TRP or UE) (410) can transmit the sensing result and / or sensing data to the transmitting role device (TRP or UE) (400).

[0104] According to one embodiment, one of the transmitting role device (TRP or UE) (400) and the receiving role device (TRP or UE) (410) of the JCAS system (400) may be a base station level (e.g., gNB-level) device.

[0105] Bistatic sensing refers to a radar geometry in which the transmitting role device and the receiving role device are separated into separate devices and exist in different locations to perform sensing operations, as shown in Fig. 4a. Since full duplex operation is unnecessary due to its characteristics, it has a form that is relatively advantageous in implementation compared to monostatic sensing, which requires a full duplex structure considering the current communication hardware structure. On the other hand, since the Tx and Rx are separated into separate devices, time synchronization between the Tx / Rx must be considered. Typically, existing radars can use methods such as optical fiber, coaxial cable, and GPS for time synchronization.

[0106] Referring to FIG. 4b, when the transmitting role device is TRP (420) and the receiving role device is UE (430), it illustrates that the transmitting role TRP (420) transmits a sensing signal, which is then reflected by a specific target object (440) and reaches the receiving role UE (430). Here, β represents a bistatic angle.

[0107] In the receiving role UE (430), since the signal has reached the receiving role UE (430) from the transmitting role TRP (420) through the target (440), the position of the target must be calculated using the geometry of bistatic sensing. The distance L between the transmitting role TRP (420) and the receiving role UE (430) can be calculated through the distance between the transmitting role TRP (420) and the receiving role UE (430). The distances from the transmitting role TRP (420) to the target and from the target to the receiving role UE (430) are R, respectively. T , R R It is expressed as T = R, and the distance from the transmitting role TRP (420) to the receiving role UE (430) via the target is the sum of them. T +R R is defined as T can be initially obtained through propagation time in the receiving role UE (430), and R T , R R The transmission role TRP (420) and the reception role UE (430) must be converted respectively. For example, R R can be converted into the following formula:

[0108] [Mathematical Formula 1]

[0109]

[0110] Similarly, a transformation is required for the target's velocity v. The Doppler frequency value observed at the receiving role UE (430) is f TWhen this is said, the target's speed can be converted into the formula below.

[0111] [Equation 2]

[0112]

[0113] At this time, the bistatic angle (β) is required, which can be calculated through the bistatic geometry and the Tx / Rx angle, i.e., the beam direction.

[0114] In communication systems, it is necessary to define the basic transmission reception point (TRP) and the operation scenarios required in the UE (user equipment) to support sensing. Furthermore, time synchronization between the Tx and Rx is essential for bistatic sensing operation. In communication, time synchronization is performed through packet detection, and this can be utilized similarly from a radar perspective to some extent. However, it cannot be said to correspond precisely to the timing of the sensing signal transmission of the transmitting device (Tx). Therefore, a different time synchronization method is required for accurate sensing. Furthermore, some information, such as the location of the transmitting device (Tx) and the beam direction, is required for the receiving device (Rx) to determine the location of the target, which is not required in existing communication systems. Therefore, a structure is required to additionally transmit this information.

[0115] FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating the influence of mobility of a UE in a JCAS system using a bistatic sensing structure according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0116] Referring to FIG. 5, when the transmitting role device is a UE (510), the JCAS system generates an additional Doppler shift in the velocity of the target (520) estimated by the receiving role device (TRP) (500) due to the characteristics of the UE, which generally has mobility.

[0117] FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating the influence of a change in the position of a UE in a JCAS system using a bistatic sensing structure according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0118] Referring to Fig. 6, the change in position of the UE (610) has an effect on bistatic sensing, similar to the mobility of the UE. What makes the change in position of the UE (610) different from the mobility of the UE is that such a change in position occurs slowly from a sensing perspective and therefore may not generally be considered during a single sensing operation.

[0119] Additionally, if the receiving device fails to continuously receive a sensing signal, it is necessary to distinguish it from a communication failure, as the receiving device determines that there is no object even if the sensing signal is not received due to the nature of communication and other sensing. In this case, considering the bistatic sensing operation, since time synchronization with the receiving device is required, it is necessary to confirm synchronization and define actions to take in case a problem occurs.

[0120] Hereinafter, with reference to each drawing, the operations required to perform bistatic sensing when the receiving role device and the transmitting role device are TRP and UE, or UE and TRP are described. For example, first, due to the nature of bistatic sensing, the transmitting role device and the receiving role device are separated and located in different locations, which means that the TRP or UE can take charge of the transmitting role device and the receiving role device differently depending on the case.

[0121] FIGS. 7A and 7B illustrate a sensing procedure in a JCAS system using a bistatic sensing structure between a transmission reception point (TRP) and a user equipment (UE), according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0122] Figure 7a illustrates a case where the transmitting role device is a TRP and the receiving role device is a UE, and Figure 7b illustrates a case where the transmitting role device is a UE and the receiving role device is a TRP.

[0123] If the bistatic sensing structure is divided into two cases based on the transmitting and receiving roles of the device, there are two cases. However, depending on the application, the entity triggering the sensing operation can be either the TRP or the UE. Therefore, ultimately, four cases arise depending on the triggering entity and the transmitting / receiving role, and an operational configuration that considers all of these cases is required. Furthermore, since the sensing signal acts as interference for TRPs or UEs that do not participate in the sensing operation, their operations also need to be considered.

[0124] Referring to Fig. 7a, when a transmitting role TRP (700) transmits a sensing signal to object 1 (720), the sensing signal is reflected and can be received by a receiving role UE (710). Thereafter, the receiving role UE (710) can transmit a sensing result to the transmitting role TRP (700). In addition, adjacent TRPs (730) and adjacent UEs (740) are affected by interference caused by the sensing signal.

[0125] Referring to FIG. 7b, when a transmitting role UE (715) transmits a sensing signal to object 1 (720), the sensing signal is reflected and can be received by a receiving role TRP (705). Thereafter, the receiving role TRP (705) can transmit a sensing result to the transmitting role UE (715). In addition, adjacent TRPs (730) and adjacent UEs (740) may be affected by interference caused by the sensing signal.

[0126] The present disclosure provides a structure required for a TRP / UE to perform bistatic sensing by functioning as a transmitting role device or a receiving role device in a JCAS system. In the configuration of the TRP-UE, the transmitting role device and the receiving role device can be interchanged, and a total of four configurations exist depending on the subject that triggers the sensing operation.

[0127] 1. TRP triggering

[0128] (1) Transmitting role (Tx role) TRP, receiving role (Rx role) UE

[0129] (2) Transmitting role UE, receiving role TRP

[0130] 2. UE Triggering

[0131] (1) Transmitting role TRP, receiving role UE

[0132] (2) Transmitting role UE, receiving role TRP

[0133] FIG. 8 illustrates the overall operation of a JCAS system using a bistatic sensing structure according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0134] Figure 8 illustrates the overall operation of the bistatic sensing proposed in this disclosure, and the main operation details of each item are as follows. The order of the main operations is the same, but detailed operations may be added or omitted depending on the four configurations mentioned above.

[0135] In operation 800, a sensing action can be triggered. Either a TRP or a UE can trigger a sensing action and transmit the content to the counterpart UE or TRP. In operation 810, the entity that triggered the sensing action transmits information about the sensing role of the counterpart TRP or UE participating in bistatic sensing, and regardless of the triggering entity or role, resource configuration and notification are performed in the TRP. The TRP can transmit information about sensing resource configuration to a UE that performs bistatic sensing like the TRP, or to an adjacent TRP and UE that do not perform bistatic sensing.

[0136] In operation 820, a transmitting role device (TRP or UE) can transmit a sensing start trigger. In operation 830, the transmitting role device (TRP or UE) can transmit a sensing signal and perform a sensing operation. From the time when the transmitting role device (TRP or UE) transmits the sensing start trigger, the device starts transmitting a sensing signal at a pre-configured cycle. The receiving role device (TRP or UE) can receive the sensing signal, perform a sensing operation, and calculate information such as the position, speed, and angle of the discovered target object.

[0137] In operation 840, the receiving role device (TRP or UE) can transmit a sensing result report to the transmitting role device (TRP or UE). If the receiving role device (TRP or UE) has been previously notified to report the sensing result to the transmitting role device (TRP or UE), the location, velocity, angle of the target object, and information necessary for the result conversion in the transmitting role device (TRP or UE) can be provided. In operation 850, the transmitting role device (TRP or UE) can transmit a sensing stop trigger to the receiving role device (TRP or UE). In operation 860, the receiving role device (TRP or UE) can terminate the sensing operation.

[0138] In the following Figures 9 to 12, operations according to four configurations classified according to the subject that triggers the sensing operation and the case where the transmitting role device and the receiving role device are TRP or UE are described.

[0139] FIGS. 9 and 10 illustrate operations when the triggering entity is a TRP, and FIGS. 11 and 12 illustrate operations when the triggering entity is a UE. In addition, FIGS. 9 and 11 illustrate operations when the transmitting role device is a TRP and the receiving role device is a UE, and FIGS. 10 and 12 illustrate operations when the transmitting role device is a UE and the receiving role device is a TRP.

[0140] FIG. 9 illustrates an example of a bistatic sensing operation in a JCAS system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0141] Figure 9 shows a case where the triggering subject is TRP (900), the transmitting role device is TRP (900), and the receiving role device is UE (910).

[0142] Referring to FIG. 9, in operation 1, a triggering entity TRP (900) can start a sensing procedure and set a transmitting role and a receiving role. In operation 2, the transmitting role TRP (900) can perform sensing resource allocation. In operation 3, the transmitting role TRP (900) can transmit information on the transmitting role and receiving role and sensing resource allocation information to the receiving role UE (910), and at the same time, the transmitting role TRP (900) can transmit sensing resource allocation information to a UE (940) belonging to the corresponding TRP (900) and an adjacent TRP (930). The surrounding TRP (930) / UE (940) can perform an operation different from the existing operation for a section in which a sensing operation is notified to be performed. In operation 4, the transmitting role TRP can transmit a sensing signal, and the receiving role UE can perform a sensing operation on the allocated resource. In operation 5, the receiving role UE can transmit the sensing result to the receiving role TRP.

[0143] FIG. 10 illustrates an example of a bistatic sensing operation in a JCAS system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0144] Figure 10 illustrates a case where the triggering subject is TRP (1000), the transmitting role device is UE (1010), and the receiving role device is TRP (1000).

[0145] In operation 1, a sensing procedure can be started in a receiving role TRP (1000), and a transmitting role and a receiving role can be set. In operation 2, a sensing resource allocation can be performed in the receiving role TRP (1000). In operation 3, the receiving role TRP (1000) can transmit transmitting terminal and receiving terminal role information, and sensing resource allocation information to a transmitting role UE (1010), and at the same time, the receiving role TRP (1000) can transmit sensing resource allocation information to a UE (1040) belonging to the corresponding TRP and an adjacent TRP (1030). The surrounding TRPs / UEs (1030 and 1040) can perform an operation different from the existing operation for a section in which a sensing operation is notified to be performed. In operation 4, the transmitting role UE (1010) can transmit a sensing signal, and the receiving role TRP (1000) can perform a sensing operation on the allocated resources. In operation 5, the receiving role TRP (1000) can transmit the sensing result to the transmitting role UE (1010).

[0146] FIG. 11 illustrates an example of a bistatic sensing operation in a JCAS system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0147] Figure 11 illustrates a case where the triggering subject is UE (1110), the transmitting role device is TRP (1100), and the receiving role device is UE (1110).

[0148] In operation 1, a receiving role UE (1110) can start a sensing procedure and set a transmitting role and a receiving role. In operation 2, the receiving role UE (1110) can inform a transmitting role TRP (1100) of a sensing operation and sensing role information. In operation 3, the transmitting role TRP (1100) can perform sensing resource allocation. In operation 4, the transmitting role TRP (1100) can transmit the corresponding information to the receiving role UE (1110) and transmit sensing resource allocation information to a UE (1140) belonging to the corresponding TRP (1100) and an adjacent TRP (1130). The surrounding TRPs / UEs can perform an operation different from the existing operation for a section in which a sensing operation is notified to be performed. In operation 5, the transmitting role TRP (1100) can transmit a sensing signal and the receiving role UE (1110) can perform a sensing operation on the allocated resources. In operation 6, the receiving role UE (1110) can transmit the sensing result to the transmitting role TRP.

[0149] FIG. 12 illustrates an example of a bistatic sensing operation in a JCAS system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0150] Figure 12 illustrates a case where the triggering subject is UE (1210), the transmitting role device is UE (1200), and the receiving role device is TRP (1200).

[0151] In operation 1, a transmitting role UE (1200) can start a sensing procedure and set transmitting and receiving roles. In operation 2, a transmitting role UE (1210) can inform a receiving role TRP (1200) of a sensing operation and sensing role information. In operation 3, a receiving role TRP (1200) can perform sensing resource allocation. In operation 4, a receiving role TRP (1200) can transmit information about sensing resource allocation to a transmitting role UE (1210) and transmit sensing resource allocation information to a UE (1240) belonging to the corresponding TRP (1200) and an adjacent TRP (1230). The surrounding TRPs / UEs (1230, 1240) can perform an operation different from the existing operation for a section in which a sensing operation is notified to be performed. In operation 5, a transmitting role UE (1210) can transmit a sensing signal and a receiving role TRP (1200) can perform a sensing operation on the allocated resources. In operation 6, the receiving role TRP (1200) can transmit the sensing result to the transmitting role UE (1210).

[0152] [Transmit and Receive Role Assignment and Sensing Operation Setup]

[0153] FIG. 13 illustrates signaling operations according to a triggering entity of bistatic sensing in a JCAS system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0154] Figure 13 illustrates the procedure for setting the transmitting and receiving roles, notifying, and notifying sensing resources according to the entity that triggers the sensing action. In this procedure, the difference in the above four configuration procedures due to whether the triggering entity, transmitting role device, and receiving role device are handled by the TRP or the UE is the sensing action triggering entity. Therefore, the cases where the TRP triggers the sensing action and the UE trigger the sensing action can be defined as two cases.

[0155] Additionally, a procedure is required to request and receive sensing capabilities from a UE capable of performing sensing operations and to configure bistatic sensing. Finally, sensing resource allocation is performed by the TRP and communicated to the UE, regardless of the triggering entity.

[0156] This is illustrated in each case as in (a) and (b) of Fig. 13. (a) of Fig. 13 shows the operation when TRP is the triggering subject, and (b) of Fig. 13 shows the operation when UE is the triggering subject.

[0157] Referring to (a) of FIG. 13, in operation 1320, the TRP (1300) can trigger a sensing operation. Thereafter, in operation 1325, the TRP (1300) can notify the UE of the sensing operation, assign and transmit a sensing role, and request the sensing capability of the UE (1310). In operation 1330, when the UE (1310) receives a request from the TRP (1300), the UE (1310) can report its sensing capability to the TRP (1300). At this time, if the UE (1310) is a transmitting role device, there are two optional implementations. In one embodiment, the TRP (1300) can transmit its current location to the UE (1310) in advance along with the request. In one embodiment, the UE (1310) can transmit its current speed information along with the sensing capability, and the TRP (1300) can utilize the information when configuring sensing resources. In operation 1340, the TRP (1300) may perform sensing resource allocation (configuration) after receiving sensing capabilities from the UE (1310). In operation 1345, the TRP (1300) may transmit the sensing resource allocation result to the UE (1310).

[0158] Referring to (b) of FIG. 13, in operation 1350, the UE (1315) can trigger a sensing operation. Thereafter, in operation 1355, the TRP (1305) can notify the UE (1315) of the sensing operation, assign and transmit a sensing role, and request the sensing capability of the UE (1315). In operation 1360, when the UE (1315) receives a request from the TRP (1300), the UE (1315) can report its sensing capability to the TRP (1305). However, in this case, in one embodiment, since the UE (1315) knows its sensing capability, the UE (1315) can transmit the sensing capability directly without the TRP (1305) requesting the sensing capability. In addition, optionally, if the UE (1315) is a transmitting role device, the UE (1315) can transmit its current speed information together with the sensing capability. In operation 1365, TRP (1305) may perform sensing resource allocation (configuration) after receiving sensing capabilities from UE (1315). In operation 1370, TRP (1305) may transmit the sensing resource allocation result to UE (1315).

[0159] [Sensing signal settings and notification]

[0160] FIG. 14 illustrates a sensing configuration broadcasting signaling operation based on a system information block (SIB) of bistatic sensing in a JCAS system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0161] FIG. 14 illustrates the sensing signal setup and notification operation in a bistatic sensing structure, in which the TRP transmits information necessary for bistatic range / velocity conversion in the transmitting and receiving role UE, and the transmitting and receiving role TRP / adjacent TRP transmits information necessary for interference mitigation of the associated UE.

[0162] As mentioned above, the required information varies depending on the triggering entity and the role of sender / receiver in each of the four cases. However, some information can be transmitted in a common format. These can be broadly categorized into non-periodic and periodic notifications, and the characteristics and information included in each are as follows.

[0163] In one embodiment, a non-periodic notification may include at least one of the following information:

[0164] - Sensing signal configuration: sensing signal allocation status in the time / frequency domain, sensing waveform type, etc.

[0165] - Absolute position of the receiving role TRP / UE

[0166] - Whether to report sensing results: Depending on the use case, if the sensing information is only used by the receiving role device

[0167] - Sensing start / stop trigger: Start / end of sensing operation

[0168] - Timestamp transmission cycle

[0169] In one embodiment, a non-periodic notification may include at least one of the following information: In one embodiment, a periodic notification may include a notification set that is only needed by the receiving role UE.

[0170] - The beam index (if the UE knows the beam set) or beam direction of the transmitting role TRP where the current sensing signal is being transmitted.

[0171] - Timestamp based on the transmitting role TRP / UE: The timestamp of the transmission time of the sensing signal in the transmitting role TRP / UE or the current transmitting role TRP / UE time.

[0172] The above can be further grouped into two categories. First, the sensing signal-related information that a transmitting or receiving role TRP can commonly transmit to a receiving or transmitting role UE and associated UEs or adjacent TRPs may include at least one of the following:

[0173] - Resource allocation status for sensing signal (i.e. sensing signal configuration)

[0174] - Frequency resource - start / end RE index

[0175] - OFDM symbol index - Multiple indices can be allocated

[0176] - Number of symbols for Doppler processing (optional for adjacent TRPs)

[0177] - Sensing signal transmission period and slot offset

[0178] - Transmission parameters

[0179] - Cell ID of the transmitting role TRP

[0180] Additionally, sensing-related information that must be additionally transmitted between TRPs and UEs performing bistatic sensing may include at least one of the following:

[0181] - Beam index or direction for the current sensing signal: Must be included in each sensing signal.

[0182] - Whether to report sensing results

[0183] - Absolute position and timestamp of the transmitting role TRP / UE

[0184] - Speed ​​of the transmitting role UE

[0185] Information related to sensing signals that can be commonly transmitted can be configured in the form of a pre-defined set, and a notification format that considers both TRP-to-TRP notification and TRP-to-UE notification must be configured. The transmission method of the notification format is as shown in (a) and (b) of Fig. 14.

[0186] Figure 14 (a) illustrates a sensing setup procedure using system information (SI) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0187] Figure 14 (a) may be a sensing setup procedure using SI between TRP (1400) and UE (1410). In the embodiment of Figure 14 (a), TRP (1400) may be a transmitting role device or a receiving role device.

[0188] The embodiment of Fig. 14(a) corresponds to an embodiment in which set ID information is broadcast using SI as sensing configuration information. In the embodiment of Fig. 14(a), the TRP (1400) periodically broadcasts the set ID, with both the TRP and the UE knowing in advance the parameter set configuration for each set ID, and the UE can determine the sensing parameter configuration through the set ID. An example of a sensing configuration based on the set ID is shown in Table 3 below.

[0189] [Table 3]

[0190]

[0191] Referring to (a) of FIG. 14, TRP (1400) can broadcast set ID information using SI. For example, TRP (1400) can broadcast SIB containing set ID information. As an example, TRP (1400) can periodically broadcast set ID information.

[0192] Thereafter, the UE (1410) can receive the set ID information and obtain (or decode) the sensing parameters (sensing parameter set) based on the set ID information. For example, the terminal can obtain the setting of the sensing parameter set corresponding to the set ID indicated by the received set ID information. For example, if the setting information of Table 3 is shared in advance between the TRP and the terminal, if the set ID indicated by the received set ID information has a value of 1, a slot repetition period having a value of 4, a slot offset having a value of 1, an OFDM symbol index for each slot having a value of 7, a start RE index having a value of 0, an end RE index having a value of 1024, a sensing waveform having a value of OFDM-based waveform, and a number of symbols for Doppler processing having a number of 64 can be obtained as the setting of the sensing parameter set.

[0193] Thereafter, the TRP (1400) and the UE (1410) can perform communication operations and / or sensing operations based on the settings of the sensing parameter set.

[0194] In this way, when using set ID information as sensing configuration information, signaling overhead can be reduced.

[0195] Figure 14 (b) illustrates a sensing setup procedure using system information (SI) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0196] Figure 14 (b) may be a sensing setup procedure using SI between a TRP (1400) and a UE (1410). In the embodiment of Figure 14 (b), the TRP (1400) may be a transmitting role TRP or a receiving role TRP.

[0197] The embodiment of (b) of Fig. 14 corresponds to an embodiment in which the sensing parameter bitmap is broadcast using SI as sensing setting information.

[0198] In one embodiment, a bitmap format can be configured based on a parameter-specific set, and the parameter-specific set and bitmap configuration can be pre-shared between the TRP and the UE. In one embodiment, the TRP can periodically broadcast the parameter-specific set values ​​via SIB, and the UE can determine the sensing parameter configuration based on the pre-agreed parameter set and bitmap format. An example of a parameter-specific set-based sensing configuration is shown in Table 4 below.

[0199] [Table 4]

[0200]

[0201] Referring to (b) of FIG. 14, TRP (1400) can broadcast a sensing parameter bitmap using SI. For example, TRP (1400) can broadcast an SIB including the sensing parameter bitmap. As an example, TRP (1400) can periodically broadcast the sensing parameter bitmap.

[0202] The UE (1410) can receive a sensing parameter bitmap and obtain (or decode) sensing parameters (a sensing parameter set) based on the sensing parameter bitmap.

[0203] For example, the UE (1410) can obtain the settings of the sensing parameter set corresponding to the setting values ​​of the sensing parameter bitmap. For example, when the sensing parameter bitmap has the configuration of the sensing parameter bitmap of Table 4, among the total 9 bits of the sensing parameter bitmap, the LSB 2 bits indicate the setting value of the slot repetition period information (e.g., the setting value indicating one of the slot repetition periods {1, 2, 4, 8}), the next 2 bits indicate the setting value of the slot offset information (e.g., the setting value indicating one of the slot offsets {0, 1, 2, 3}), the next 1 bit indicates the setting value of the time domain allocation information (e.g., the setting value indicating one of the time domain allocation {0 or 1}), the next 1 bit indicates the setting value of the frequency domain allocation information (e.g., the setting value indicating one of the frequency domain allocation {0 or 1}), the next 1 bit indicates the setting value of the waveform type information (e.g., the setting value indicating one of the waveform types {FMCW(0), OFDM(1)}), and the MSB 1 bit indicates a symbol for Doppler processing. It can indicate a setting value for the number information (e.g. a setting value indicating one of the symbol numbers {32,64,128,256}).

[0204] Thereafter, the TRP (1400) and the UE (1410) can perform communication operations and / or sensing operations based on the settings of the sensing parameter set.

[0205] In this way, when the sensing parameter bitmap is used as sensing configuration information, signaling overhead can be reduced.

[0206] [Periodic transmission and timestamp operation]

[0207] Below, FIGS. 15 to 20 illustrate periodic transmission and timestamp operations.

[0208] A periodic transmission mode can be set based on the sensing configuration notified in the TRP. Basically, periodic transmission can be started / ended by transmitting a sensing start / stop trigger from the transmitting TRP / UE. In one embodiment, a sensing operation can be initiated together with a periodic sensing start trigger from the transmitting TRP / UE. In this case, a sensing signal can be transmitted based on the period and resource allocation details determined by the transmitting TRP / UE.

[0209] In one embodiment, a receiving role UE / TRP may receive sensing signals and perform sensing operations based on resource allocation information. Upon receiving a predetermined number of sensing signals, the receiving role UE / TRP may perform sensing operations and, if configured to report the results, report the sensing results to the TRP / UE of the transmitting role device.

[0210] In one embodiment, when the sensing operation is no longer performed with the configuration, a stop trigger may be transmitted to the receiving UE / TRP and the surrounding TRP of the transmitting device. In this case, the surrounding TRP may transmit the stop trigger to the UE associated with the TRP at the time of receiving the stop trigger. This may include a notification that there is no interference due to sensing. In one embodiment, the receiving UE / TRP may determine that no sensing signal will be transmitted from the time of receiving the stop trigger.

[0211] In this case, timestamps can be defined in the two formats below and transmitted periodically to ensure time synchronization between the transmitting and receiving role devices.

[0212] Transmission method 1. Each sensing signal includes a timestamp of the time at which the sensing signal was transmitted from the transmitting role TRP / UE.

[0213] - In case the transmitting role device is UE and the receiving role device is TRP, it includes the Doppler information of the transmitting role UE at that point in time.

[0214] Transmission method 2. Periodically transmit the time of the current transmission role TRP / UE (Periodic timestamp)

[0215] - Transmit timestamps in relatively long cycles

[0216] - Utilizes the communication path between TRP / UE that performs bistatic sensing

[0217] - Consider the case where the sensing signal is not received

[0218] - In case the transmitting role device is UE and the receiving role device is TRP, it includes the Doppler information of the transmitting role UE at that point in time.

[0219] FIG. 15 is a diagram showing a form of a timestamp transmission method of bistatic sensing in a JCAS system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure, as a sensing signal.

[0220] Fig. 15 is a diagram illustrating transmission method 1 and transmission method 2 of the timestamp described above. Referring to Fig. 15, as in transmission method 1, a timestamp can be transmitted together with a sensing signal whenever a sensing signal is transmitted (1510), and as in transmission method 2, a timestamp can be transmitted at a pre-defined interval (1520).

[0221] FIG. 16 illustrates a difference in the timestamp transmission method of bistatic sensing in a JCAS system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0222] FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating the transmission method 1 and transmission method 2 of the timestamp described above. FIG. 16 illustrates a case where the transmitting role device is a TRP (1600) and the receiving role device is a UE (1610), but the same applies to a case where the transmitting role device is a UE and the receiving role device is a TRP. Referring to FIG. 16, as in transmission method 1, the transmitting role TRP (1600) can transmit a timestamp together with the sensing signal every time it transmits a sensing signal (1613), and as in transmission method 2, the timestamp can be directly transmitted from the transmitting role TRP (1600) to the receiving role UE (1610) at a pre-defined interval (1640).

[0223] Figures 17 and 18 below illustrate differences in transmission information and reception operations depending on the assignment of transmission and reception roles related to timestamps. The use of the timestamp can improve the accuracy of sensing results.

[0224] FIG. 17 illustrates the operation of a UE in a timestamp transmitting and receiving role of bistatic sensing in a JCAS system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0225] Fig. 17 illustrates timestamp transmission and operation for time synchronization when a transmitting role device is a TRP (1700) and a receiving role device is a UE (1710). The transmitting role TRP (1700) may transmit information including a timestamp, a beam index, or a beam direction, such as a sensing signal. In one embodiment, the transmitting role TRP (1700) may additionally transmit the timestamp of the transmitting role TRP (1700) to the receiving role UE (1710) at regular intervals. The receiving role UE (1710) may perform a sensing operation by reflecting the transmission signal transmission time based on the timestamp of the received transmitting role TRP (1700).

[0226] FIG. 18 illustrates the operation of a timestamp transmission / reception and reception role TRP of bistatic sensing in a JCAS system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0227] Figure 18 illustrates timestamp transmission and operation for time synchronization when the transmitting role device is UE (1810) and the receiving role device is TRP (1800).

[0228] In one embodiment, when the transmitting role device is UE (1810) and the receiving role device is TRP (1800), since the timestamp transmission and operation for time synchronization must consider the mobility of the transmitting role UE (1810), additional information is included, and the receiving role TRP (1800) can perform additional operations. In one embodiment, the transmitting role UE (1810) can transmit a sensing signal including a timestamp, speed information of the UE, and a beam index or direction. In addition, the timestamp of the transmitting role UE (1810) can be periodically transmitted from the transmitting role UE (1810) to the receiving role TRP (1800). The transmitting role TRP (1800) performs a sensing operation by reflecting the transmission signal transmission time based on the timestamp of the receiving transmitting role UE (1810), and at this time, the speed of the UE (1810) can be additionally reflected in the velocity estimation process of the target (1820).

[0229] FIGS. 19a and 19b illustrate examples of timestamp reception success and notification operations of bistatic sensing in a JCAS system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0230] In order to confirm receipt and notify of a timestamp, if the receiving role device successfully receives the timestamp through a communication path, it can report whether it has been received to the transmitting role device and notify the normal operation of the sensing operation. In one embodiment, regardless of the timestamp type, if the receiving role device receives the timestamp, it can perform a time information update for the transmitting role device TRP / UE, and the notification can be performed at the time of receiving the current timestamp of the transmitting role TRP / UE. Even if the receiving role device does not receive the timestamp transmitted together with the sensing signal, it can perform updates and notifications if it receives a periodic timestamp.

[0231] Referring to FIG. 19A, in operation 1920, a transmitting role TRP (1900) may transmit a timestamp together with a sensing signal to a receiving role UE (1910). In one embodiment, in operation 1930, the transmitting role TRP (1900) may periodically transmit a timestamp. In one embodiment, in operation 1935, the receiving role UE (1910) may perform a time information update for the transmitting role TRP (1900). In one embodiment, in operation 1940, if the receiving role UE receives a periodic timestamp from the transmitting role TRP (1900), it may notify the receiving role UE of the reception of the timestamp.

[0232] Referring to FIG. 19B, in operation 1950, a transmitting role UE (1915) transmits a timestamp together with a sensing signal to a receiving role TRP (1905), but the receiving role TRP (1905) may fail to receive it. Thereafter, in operation 1960, the transmitting role UE (1915) may transmit a periodic timestamp. In operation 1965, the receiving role TRP (1905) may perform a time information update for the transmitting role UE (1915). In one embodiment, in operation 1970, if the receiving role TRP (1905) receives a periodic timestamp from the transmitting role UE, it may notify the receiving role TRP (1905) of the reception of the timestamp.

[0233] FIGS. 20A and 20B illustrate examples of timestamp reception failure determination and reporting operations of bistatic sensing in a JCAS system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0234] Figures 20a and 20b illustrate that in the case of timestamp reception failure confirmation and notification, a start trigger criterion, or a case where no new timestamp is received within a certain period of time after a timestamp update, can be utilized as the criterion, and can be defined based on a condition that cannot satisfy the time synchronization requirement.

[0235] FIGS. 20a and 20b illustrate a case where the transmitting role device is a UE (2000) and the receiving role device is a TRP (2010), but the same may be applied to a case where the transmitting role device is a TRP and the receiving role device is a UE.

[0236] Referring to FIG. 20A, in operations 2020 and 2030, a transmitting role UE (2000) transmits a timestamp together with a sensing signal, and periodically transmits the timestamp, but a receiving role TRP (2010) may not receive the timestamp for a certain period (duration) (2035). In this case, in operation 2040, the receiving role TRP (2010) may notify the transmitting role UE (2000) that it has not received the timestamp. In operation 2045, the transmitting role UE (2000) may transmit a stop trigger and terminate the sensing operation based on whether the notification has been received and its own duration criteria.

[0237] Referring to FIG. 20b, in operations 2050 and 2055, a transmitting role UE (2000) transmits a timestamp together with a sensing signal, and periodically transmits a timestamp, but a receiving role TRP (2010) may not receive the timestamp for a certain period of time (duration) (2060). In this case, in operation 2065, the receiving role TRP (2010) may notify the transmitting role UE (2000) that it has not received the timestamp, but the transmitting role UE (2000) may not receive the notification. In this case, in operation 2075, if a certain duration (2070) elapses within the transmitting role UE (2000) without the transmitting role UE (2000) receiving the notification transmitted by the receiving role TRP (2010), a stop trigger may be transmitted to terminate the sensing operation.

[0238] [Sensing Results Report]

[0239] FIG. 21 illustrates an example of a result reporting operation when a transmitting role device of bistatic sensing in a JCAS system is a TRP and a receiving role device is a UE, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0240] The sensing result reporting operation is performed when a sensing result report is requested during the sensing resource setup process in advance, and the sensing result calculated immediately after the sensing operation is performed by the receiving role UE / TRP can be transmitted to the transmitting role TRP / UE. If the receiving role device is a TRP and the receiving role device is a UE, different reporting formats can be configured depending on the criteria, the corresponding operation scenario, and the purpose / need.

[0241] Figure 21 illustrates a case where it is assumed that there are two objects.

[0242] Referring to FIG. 21, in operation 1, a transmitting role TRP (2100) can transmit a sensing signal using allocated resources (e.g., time / frequency resources). According to an embodiment, the transmitting role TRP (2100) can transmit a sensing signal using time / frequency resources set based on sensing configuration information. In operation 2, a receiving role UE (2110) can perform a sensing operation. According to an embodiment, the receiving role UE (2110) can receive a sensing signal (e.g., a sensing signal reflected from a target (e.g., object 1, 2 of FIG. 21)) using time / frequency resources set based on sensing configuration information, and can obtain sensing data and / or sensing results based on the received sensing signal.

[0243] According to one embodiment, the sensing data may include information (sensing information) that can be derived from the reflected signal. According to one embodiment, the sensing information may include signal strength, delay, timing, angle of arrival (AoA), time of flight (ToF), and / or other information that can be measured from the reflected signal.

[0244] According to one embodiment, the sensing data may further include a description of the sensing data, information for identifying a purpose of the sensing, information for identifying a source of the sensing, and / or information about a target associated with the sensing data (e.g., target identification information, target location information, etc.).

[0245] According to one embodiment, sensing data (or sensing information) can be used to generate sensing results for a target.

[0246] In one embodiment, the sensing results may include information about the range, position, and / or velocity (doppler) of the target.

[0247] In operation 3, the receiving role UE (2110) can transmit a report (sensing result report) including sensing data and / or sensing results to the transmitting role TRP (2100).

[0248] FIG. 22 illustrates an example of result reporting signaling when a transmitting role device of bistatic sensing in a JCAS system is a TRP and a receiving role device is a UE, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0249] (a) and (b) of FIG. 20 illustrate a case where the transmitting role device is a TRP (2200) and the receiving role device is a UE (2210), but the same may be applied to a case where the transmitting role device is a UE and the receiving role device is a TRP.

[0250] Figure 22 is a flowchart illustrating the operations illustrated in Figure 21. Referring to Figure 22, in operation 2220, a receiving role UE (2210) may perform a sensing operation. In operation 2225, the receiving role UE (2210) may transmit the sensing result to a transmitting role TRP (2220).

[0251] FIGS. 23a and 23b illustrate examples of a result reporting message of bistatic sensing in a JCAS system, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0252] In the embodiment of FIG. 23a, for convenience of explanation, it is assumed that the sensing result report includes sensing results (or sensing data) for two objects (e.g., objects 1 and 2 of FIG. 21), but this is not limited thereto. For example, sensing results for a variety of objects may be included in the sensing result report.

[0253] Additionally, in the embodiment of FIG. 23a, for convenience of explanation, it is assumed that the sensing results for each object included in the sensing result report include range information, velocity (Doppler) information, AoA information, and received power information for the object, but this is not limited thereto. For example, various types of sensing information may be included in the sensing result report.

[0254] Referring to FIG. 23A, the sensing result report may include sensing results for at least one object. For example, the sensing result report may include sensing results for a first object and sensing results for a second object.

[0255] As an example, the sensing result for each object may include distance information for the object, velocity information for the object, AoA information for a sensing signal reflected from the object (e.g., AoA azimuth / AoA elevation), and / or received power information for a sensing signal reflected from the object.

[0256] In this way, the sensing result report of the embodiment of a in FIG. 23 may include relative sensing values ​​(relative metrics) (e.g., relative distance, relative position, relative speed).

[0257] Referring to FIG. 23a, the sensing result report may include, in addition to the relative sensing value, the position and velocity (limited to Rx role UE) of the receiving role UE / TRP.

[0258] In one embodiment, the position of the receiving role UE / TRP can be obtained through GPS information, etc. In one embodiment, the receiving role UE / TRP can report the position information based on the time at which the corresponding sensing signal is received. In one embodiment, when the receiving role device is a UE, the position and velocity information can be reported together. In one embodiment, the receiving role TRP / UE that has received the sensing result report can convert the position information and the relative sensing value (relative metric) of the receiving role UE / TRP into a metric based on the transmitting role TRP / UE of the detected objects.

[0259] FIG. 23b illustrates a configuration of a sensing result report according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0260] In the embodiment of FIG. 23b, for convenience of explanation, it is assumed that the sensing result report includes sensing results (or sensing data) for two objects (e.g., objects 1 and 2 of FIG. 21), but this is not limited thereto. For example, sensing results for a variety of objects may be included in the sensing result report.

[0261] Additionally, in the embodiment of FIG. 23b, for convenience of explanation, it is assumed that the sensing results for each object included in the sensing result report include range information, velocity (Doppler) information, AoA information, and received power information for the object, but this is not limited thereto. For example, various types of sensing information may be included in the sensing result report.

[0262] As an example, the sensing result for each object may include distance information for the object, velocity information for the object, AoA information for a sensing signal reflected from the object (e.g., AoA azimuth / AoA elevation), and / or received power information for a sensing signal reflected from the object.

[0263] In this way, the sensing result report of the embodiment of Fig. 23b differs from the sensing result report of the embodiment of Fig. 23a in that it does not include the position and velocity (limited to the Rx role UE) of the receiving role UE / TRP. In this case, since the transmitting role TRP / UE cannot know the position of the receiving role UE / TRP, it cannot convert the detected objects into a metric based on the transmitting role TRP / UE.

[0264] Hereinafter, in FIGS. 24 and 25, when reporting sensing results from a receiving role device, particularly a receiving role device UE, position and velocity information of the UE are transmitted together for use in converting sensing results from a receiving role device.

[0265] FIG. 24 illustrates a procedure for storing and reporting the position and velocity of a receiving role UE in a bistatic sensing structure in a JCAS system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0266] Referring to FIG. 24, in operation 2420, a transmitting role TRP (2400) may transmit a sensing signal. In operation 2430, a receiving role UE (2410) may store position and velocity information of the UE (2410) based on the time point at which the sensing signal is received from the transmitting role TRP (2400). In one embodiment, the position and velocity information of the UE (2410) at the time point at which the first sensing signal (2420) is received may be stored based on a predetermined number of symbols (2440) for Doppler processing. Thereafter, the receiving role UE (2410) may perform a sensing operation in operation 2450, and then include and transmit the position and velocity information of the corresponding UE (2410) when reporting the sensing result in operation 2460.

[0267] FIG. 25 illustrates a procedure for storing and reporting the position and velocity of a receiving role UE when the receiving role UE moves at high speed in a bistatic sensing structure in a JCAS system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0268] Referring to FIG. 25, in operation 2420, a transmitting role TRP (2400) may transmit a sensing signal. In operation 2525, a receiving role UE (2510) may store position and velocity information of the UE (2510) upon receiving the sensing signal. Thereafter, the transmitting role TRP (2400) may transmit the sensing signal, and the receiving role UE (2510) may update the position and velocity information of the UE (2510) at each time the sensing signal is received. At this time, the update form may vary depending on the implementation method. In one embodiment, the UE (2510) may store position and velocity information of the UE (2510) at the time of the first sensing signal based on a number of symbols (2530) for Doppler processing determined in advance. In operation 2540, the receiving UE (2510) can update the position and velocity information of the UE (2510) at the time of the last sensing signal based on the number of symbols (2530) for Doppler processing. Thereafter, in operation 2545, the receiving UE (2510) can perform a sensing operation and then transmit the final updated position and velocity information of the UE (2510) when reporting the sensing result in operation 2550.

[0269] [Adjacent TRP, UE behavior in downlink]

[0270] Figures 26 and 27 describe the operation when the sensing signal acts as interference to adjacent TRPs and UEs that do not participate in bistatic sensing.

[0271] FIG. 26 illustrates the adjacent TRP operation in the downlink in a bistatic sensing structure in a JCAS system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0272] Referring to FIG. 26, in operation 1, a transmitting role TRP (2600) can preemptively transmit sensing signal allocation information to a receiving role UE (2610). In operation 2, a transmitting role TRP (2600) can transmit sensing signal allocation information to an adjacent TRP (2620).

[0273] In operation 3, the transmitting role TRP (2600) can perform a sensing operation by transmitting a sensing signal from the allocated resources. In this case, sensing can be performed in the form of a downlink for the configured transmitting role TRP (2600) and receiving role UE. This acts as interference between the transmitting role TRP (2600) and the adjacent TRP (2620). Therefore, the adjacent TRP (2620) can respond to interference generated from the transmitting role TRP (2600) based on the information previously received in operation 2.

[0274] FIG. 27 illustrates the operation of an adjacent UE in a downlink in a bistatic sensing structure in a JCAS system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0275] FIG. 27 illustrates a case in which, similar to that illustrated in FIG. 26, a sensing signal is transmitted from a transmitting role TRP (2700) to a receiving role UE (2710) as a downlink, and the sensing signal acts as interference to adjacent TRPs (2720) and adjacent UEs (2730, 2735).

[0276] Referring to FIG. 27, in operation 1, a transmitting role TRP (2700) may preemptively transmit sensing signal allocation information to a receiving role UE (2710). In operation 2, a transmitting role TRP (2700) may transmit sensing signal allocation information to adjacent UEs (2730, 2735). The adjacent UEs may include a UE (2730) related to the transmitting role TRP (2700) and an unrelated UE (2735).

[0277] In operation 3, the transmitting role TRP (2700) can perform a sensing operation by transmitting a sensing signal from the allocated resource. In operation 4, other adjacent UEs (2730, 2735) that are not receiving role devices can perform a communication or sensing operation based on the information received in operation 2. In one embodiment, among the adjacent UEs, the UE (2730) related to the transmitting role TRP (2700) ignores the time / frequency resources to which the sensing signal is allocated, but can perform a conventional communication operation for the time / frequency resources excluding the sensing signal. In one embodiment, since the UE (2735) related to another TRP (2720) other than the transmitting role TRP (2700) can also identify the location / time of the data signal transmitted from the transmitting role TRP (2700) based on the prior information, the UE (2735) can utilize the information for interference control similarly to the case of the adjacent TRP (2720).

[0278] [Adjacent UE behavior in uplink]

[0279] FIG. 28 illustrates uplink UE operation in a bistatic sensing structure in a JCAS system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0280] Figure 28 describes the uplink procedure of the UE related to the transmission role TRP.

[0281] Referring to FIG. 28, in operation 1, a transmitting role TRP (2800) may preemptively transmit sensing signal allocation information to a receiving role UE (2810). In operation 2, a transmitting role TRP (2800) may preemptively transmit sensing signal allocation information to a neighboring UE (2830). The neighboring UE (2830) may refer to a UE related to the transmitting role TRP (2800). In operation 3, a transmitting role TRP (2800) may perform a sensing operation by transmitting a sensing signal on an allocated resource. In operation 4, since the neighboring UE (2830) has previously received sensing signal allocation information from a related TRP (2800), the neighboring UE (2830) may transmit an uplink signal by utilizing available resources except for time / frequency resources to which the sensing signal is allocated.

[0282] FIG. 29 is a diagram showing an example configuration of a base station according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0283] According to one embodiment, the base station may include a transmission reception point (TRP) as in the embodiments described above in FIGS. 1 to 28.

[0284] In FIG. 29, the base station may include a processor (2901), a transceiver (2902), and a memory (2903). The processor (2901), the transceiver (2902), and the memory (2903) of the base station may operate according to the method(s) described in the above-described embodiments of FIGS. 1 to 28 . However, the components of the base station are not limited to the above-described examples. For example, the base station may include more or fewer components than the above-described components. In addition, the processor (2901), the transceiver (2902), and the memory (2903) may be implemented in the form of at least one chip.

[0285] The transceiver (2902) is a general term for a receiver and a transmitter, and can transmit and receive signals with a terminal or other network entity through the transceiver (2902). At this time, the transmitted and received signals may include at least one of control information and data. To this end, the transceiver (2902) may include an RF transmitter that up-converts and amplifies the frequency of a transmitted signal, and an RF receiver that low-noise amplifies and frequency down-converts the received signal. This is only one embodiment of the transceiver (2902), and the components of the transceiver (2902) are not limited to the RF transmitter and RF receiver. In addition, the transceiver (2902) can receive a signal through a communication method defined in the 3GPP standard, output the signal to the transceiver (2902), and transmit the signal output from the processor (2901). Additionally, the transceiver (2902) can receive a signal and output it to the processor (2901), and transmit the signal output from the processor (2901) to another network entity through the network.

[0286] Memory (2903) can store programs and data required for the operation of the base station according to at least one of the embodiments of FIGS. 1 to 28. In addition, memory (2903) can store control information and / or data included in a signal acquired from the base station. Memory (1505) can be configured as a storage medium or a combination of storage media, such as a ROM, a RAM, a hard disk, a CD-ROM, and a DVD.

[0287] The processor (2901) may control a series of processes so that the TRP may operate according to at least one of the embodiments of FIGS. 1 to 28. The processor (2901) may include at least one processor.

[0288] According to one embodiment, at least one processor can determine a transmitting role and a receiving role for bistatic sensing. The at least one processor can control transmitting information about the transmitting role and the receiving role to the UE. The at least one processor can control receiving information about the sensing capability from the UE. The at least one processor can perform resource allocation based on the received information about the sensing capability and control transmitting information about the resource allocation to the UE.

[0289] In one embodiment, the at least one processor may control requesting information about the sensing capability from the UE.

[0290] In one embodiment, the at least one processor may control transmitting a sensing signal for the bistatic sensing to the UE based on information about the resource allocation, when the transmitting role for the bistatic sensing is assigned to the TRP and the receiving role is assigned to the UE. The at least one processor may control receiving a sensing result report from the UE.

[0291] In one embodiment, the at least one processor may control, when the transmitting role for the bistatic sensing is assigned to the UE and the receiving role is assigned to the TRP, to request information about the sensing capability from the UE and to transmit location information of the TRP.

[0292] In one embodiment, the at least one processor may control receiving, from the UE, speed information of the UE together with information about the sensing capability, when the transmitting role for the bistatic sensing is assigned to the UE and the receiving role is assigned to the TRP.

[0293] In one embodiment, the at least one processor may control transmitting sensing configuration information to the UE. In one embodiment, the sensing configuration information may be transmitted periodically or aperiodically. In one embodiment, the sensing configuration information may include a beam index or direction for a current sensing signal and whether a sensing result is reported. In one embodiment, the sensing configuration information may include location information and a timestamp when the transmitting role for the bistatic sensing is assigned to the TRP and the receiving role is assigned to the UE.

[0294] In one embodiment, the at least one processor may control transmitting a timestamp to the UE via a communication path when the transmitting role for the bistatic sensing is assigned to the TRP and the receiving role is assigned to the UE. In one embodiment, the at least one processor may control receiving a report from the UE regarding whether the timestamp has been received.

[0295] In one embodiment, the at least one processor may control receiving a timestamp, location information, and velocity information of the UE from the UE through a communication path when the transmitting role for the bistatic sensing is assigned to the UE and the receiving role is assigned to the TRP. In one embodiment, the at least one processor may control transmitting a report to the UE regarding whether the timestamp has been received.

[0296] In one embodiment, the at least one processor may control receiving velocity information of the UE from the UE when the transmitting role for the bistatic sensing is assigned to the UE and the receiving role is assigned to the TRP. In one embodiment, the at least one processor may adjust the sensing velocity of the sensing object based on the received velocity information of the UE.

[0297] In one embodiment, the sensing result report may include at least one of location information and speed information of the UE at the sensing point in time.

[0298] FIG. 30 is a diagram showing an example configuration of a terminal according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0299] In FIG. 30, the terminal may include a processor (3001), a transceiver (3002), and a memory (3003). The processor (3001), the transceiver (3002), and the memory (3003) of the terminal may operate according to the method(s) described in the above-described embodiments of FIGS. 1 to 28. However, the components of the terminal are not limited to the above-described examples. For example, the terminal may include more or fewer components than the above-described components. In addition, the processor (3001), the transceiver (3002), and the memory (3003) may be implemented in the form of at least one chip.

[0300] The transceiver (3002) is a general term for a receiver and a transmitter, and can transmit and receive signals with a terminal or other network entity through the transceiver (3002). At this time, the transmitted and received signal may include at least one of control information and data. To this end, the transceiver (3002) may include an RF transmitter that up-converts and amplifies the frequency of a transmitted signal, and an RF receiver that low-noise amplifies and frequency down-converts the received signal. This is only one embodiment of the transceiver (3002), and the components of the transceiver (3002) are not limited to the RF transmitter and RF receiver. In addition, the transceiver (3002) may receive a signal through a communication method defined in the 3GPP standard, output the signal to the processor (3001), and transmit the signal output from the processor (3001). Additionally, the transceiver (3002) can receive a signal and output it to the processor (3001), and transmit the signal output from the processor (3001) to another network entity through the network.

[0301] The memory (3003) can store programs and data necessary for the operation of the terminal according to at least one of the embodiments of FIGS. 1 to 28. In addition, the memory (3003) can store control information and / or data included in a signal obtained from the terminal. The memory (3003) can be configured as a storage medium or a combination of storage media, such as a ROM, a RAM, a hard disk, a CD-ROM, and a DVD.

[0302] The processor (3001) may control a series of processes so that the terminal can operate according to at least one of the embodiments of FIGS. 1 to 28. The processor (2101) may include at least one processor.

[0303] In one embodiment, the at least one processor may control receiving information about a transmitting role and a receiving role for bistatic sensing from a transmission reception point (TRP). In one embodiment, the at least one processor may control transmitting information about the sensing capability to the TRP. In one embodiment, the at least one processor may control receiving information about resource allocation from the TRP.

[0304] In one embodiment, the at least one processor may control receiving a request for information about the sensing capability from the TRP.

[0305] In one embodiment, the at least one processor may control receiving a sensing signal for the bistatic sensing based on information about the resource allocation from the TRP, when the transmitting role for the bistatic sensing is assigned to the TRP and the receiving role is assigned to the UE. In one embodiment, the at least one processor may control transmitting a sensing result report to the TRP.

[0306] In one embodiment, the at least one processor can control receiving a request for information about the sensing capability and location information of the TRP from the TRP when the transmitting role for the bistatic sensing is assigned to the UE and the receiving role is assigned to the TRP.

[0307] In one embodiment, the at least one processor can control transmitting, to the TRP, speed information of the UE together with information about the sensing capability, when the transmitting role for the bistatic sensing is assigned to the UE and the receiving role is assigned to the TRP.

[0308] In one embodiment, the at least one processor can control receiving sensing configuration information from the TRP.

[0309] In one embodiment, the sensing configuration information may be transmitted periodically or aperiodically. In one embodiment, the sensing configuration information may include a beam index or direction for the current sensing signal and whether or not to report the sensing result. In one embodiment, the sensing configuration information may include location information and a timestamp of the TRP when the transmitting role for the bistatic sensing is assigned to the TRP and the receiving role is assigned to the UE.

[0310] In one embodiment, the at least one processor may control receiving a timestamp from the TRP through a communication path when the transmitting role for the bistatic sensing is assigned to the TRP and the receiving role is assigned to the UE. In one embodiment, the at least one processor may control transmitting a report to the TRP regarding whether the timestamp has been received.

[0311] In one embodiment, the at least one processor may control transmitting a timestamp, location and velocity information of the UE to the TRP through a communication path when the transmitting role for the bistatic sensing is assigned to the UE and the receiving role is assigned to the TRP.

[0312] In one embodiment, the at least one processor may control receiving a report from the TRP regarding whether the timestamp has been received.

[0313] In one embodiment, the at least one processor may control transmission of velocity information of the UE to the TRP when the transmitting role for the bistatic sensing is assigned to the UE and the receiving role is assigned to the TRP. In one embodiment, the velocity information of the UE may be used to adjust the sensing velocity of the sensing object.

[0314] In one embodiment, the sensing result report may include at least one of location information and speed information of the UE at the sensing point in time.

[0315] In a bistatic sensing system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a sensing action triggering entity can determine a bistatic sensing role and transmit it to a corresponding TRP or UE. In one embodiment, the TRP can request and confirm the sensing capabilities of a target on which bistatic sensing is to be performed.

[0316] In one embodiment, a UE / TRP with sensing capabilities can be configured for bistatic sensing. In one embodiment, the TRP can allocate resources required for sensing in the time and frequency domains and transmit the information to the UE.

[0317] In one embodiment, the TRP may trigger a sensing action and, if the UE is in the Tx role, the TRP may proactively transmit its current location to the UE along with a sensing capability request.

[0318] In one embodiment, the TRP triggers a sensing action and when the UE is in the Tx role, the UE can proactively transmit its current speed information along with its sensing capability to the TRP.

[0319] In one embodiment, periodic / aperiodic information sharing required for performing bistatic sensing between TRP / UE can be performed.

[0320] In one embodiment, the Tx role may periodically transmit information necessary for conversion of range / Doppler metric considering bistatic geometry to the Rx role.

[0321] In one embodiment, the UE may utilize or share with the TRP additional information necessary to compensate for the impact of UE mobility or location shifts on sensing operations.

[0322] In one embodiment, the Tx role can start / stop a sensing operation by sending a start / stop trigger to the Rx role.

[0323] In one embodiment, an operation may be performed to share the timestamp of the Tx role with the Rx role to maintain time synchronization between the Tx / Rx roles.

[0324] In one embodiment, the sensing signal may be transmitted including a timestamp and a beam index or direction used for transmitting the sensing signal in the Tx role.

[0325] In one embodiment, a timestamp for the current time of the Tx role can be transmitted through a communication path between the Tx / Rx roles at a predetermined periodic rate.

[0326] In one embodiment, the Rx role can receive the timestamp of the Tx role to correct the sensing signal transmission time.

[0327] In one embodiment, the Rx role may perform an action of reporting to the Tx role whether a timestamp has been received.

[0328] In one embodiment, the Tx role UE may transmit the timestamp to the Rx role TRP, including the location and movement speed of the Tx role UE.

[0329] In one embodiment, when measuring the speed of an arbitrary target through a sensing operation in the Rx role TRP, the influence can be eliminated by utilizing the movement speed information of the UE received from the Tx role UE.

[0330] As an example, if the Rx role successfully receives a timestamp, the success can be reported to the Tx role.

[0331] In one embodiment, when the Rx role fails to receive a new timestamp within an internally defined criteria, a failure can be reported to the Tx role.

[0332] In one embodiment, when the Tx role receives a timestamp reception failure report from the Rx role, the Tx role can send a stop trigger to the Rx role to terminate the sensing operation.

[0333] In one embodiment, if no report is received from the Rx role within the criteria set within the Tx role, a stop trigger for terminating the sensing operation can be transmitted to the Rx role.

[0334] In one embodiment, when a sensing result report is requested from the Tx role in advance, the Rx role can periodically transmit the sensing result to the Tx role after the sensing operation.

[0335] As an example, the Tx role can transmit the necessary information (Rx role position at the sensing point, beam direction, etc.) to the Rx role so that the Tx role can convert the reported results based on bistatic geometry.

[0336] In one embodiment, the Tx role may report without additional information to the Rx role if there is no need to convert the reported result. In one embodiment, the Rx role UE may store the position and velocity of the UE at the time of the first received sensing signal for velocity estimation and include them in the report after the sensing operation and transmit them to the Tx role TRP.

[0337] In one embodiment, the Rx role UE may update the position and velocity of the UE in any manner whenever a sensing signal is received, and include the values ​​in a report after the sensing operation and transmit them to the Tx role TRP.

[0338] In the specific embodiments of the present disclosure described above, components included in the present disclosure are expressed singularly or plurally, depending on the specific embodiment presented. However, the singular or plural expressions are selected to suit the presented situation for convenience of explanation, and the present disclosure is not limited to singular or plural components. Components expressed in plural may be composed of singular elements, or components expressed in singular may be composed of plural elements.

[0339] While the detailed description of this disclosure has described specific embodiments, it should be understood that various modifications are possible without departing from the scope of this disclosure. Therefore, the scope of this disclosure should not be limited to the described embodiments, but should be defined not only by the scope of the claims described below, but also by equivalents thereof.

Claims

1. In a method of TRP (transmission and reception point) in a system supporting communication and sensing, Step of determining the transmitter role and the receiver role for bistatic sensing; A step of transmitting information about the transmitting role and receiving role to the UE (user equipment); A step of receiving information about the sensing capability from the UE; and A method characterized by comprising the step of performing resource allocation based on information about the received sensing capability and transmitting information about the resource allocation to the UE.

2. In paragraph 1, A method characterized in that it further comprises a step of requesting information about the sensing capability from the UE.

3. In the first paragraph, if the transmission role for the bistatic sensing is assigned to the TRP and the reception role is assigned to the UE, A step of transmitting a sensing signal for the bistatic sensing based on information about the resource allocation to the UE; and A method characterized in that it further comprises a step of receiving a sensing result report from the UE.

4. In paragraph 1, If the transmitting role for the above bistatic sensing is assigned to the UE and the receiving role is assigned to the TRP, A method characterized by further comprising the step of requesting information on the sensing capability from the UE and transmitting location information of the TRP.

5. In paragraph 1, If the transmitting role for the above bistatic sensing is assigned to the UE and the receiving role is assigned to the TRP, A method further comprising: receiving speed information of the UE together with information on the sensing capability from the UE.

6. In paragraph 1, a step of transmitting sensing setting information to the UE; The above sensing setting information is transmitted periodically or aperiodically, The above sensing setting information includes the beam index or direction for the current sensing signal and whether to report the sensing result. A method characterized in that the sensing setting information includes location information and a timestamp when the transmitting role for the bistatic sensing is assigned to the TRP and the receiving role is assigned to the UE.

7. In paragraph 1, When the transmitting role for the bistatic sensing is assigned to the TRP and the receiving role is assigned to the UE, a step of transmitting a timestamp to the UE through a communication path; and A method characterized in that it further comprises a step of receiving a report on whether the timestamp has been received from the UE.

8. In paragraph 1, When the transmitting role for the bistatic sensing is assigned to the UE and the receiving role is assigned to the TRP, a step of receiving a timestamp, location and speed information of the UE from the UE through a communication path; and A method characterized in that it further comprises a step of transmitting a report on whether the timestamp has been received to the UE.

9. In the first paragraph, if the transmission role for the bistatic sensing is assigned to the UE and the reception role is assigned to the TRP, A step of receiving speed information of the UE from the UE; and A method characterized by comprising a step of adjusting the sensing speed of a sensing target (object) based on the received speed information of the UE.

10. A method according to claim 3, characterized in that the sensing result report includes at least one of location information and speed information of the UE at the sensing point in time.

11. In a method of UE (user equipment) in a system supporting communication and sensing, A step of receiving information on a transmitting role and a receiving role for bistatic sensing from a transmission reception point (TRP); a step of transmitting information about the sensing capability to the TRP; and A method characterized by comprising the step of receiving information on resource allocation from the TRP.

12. In paragraph 11, A method further comprising: receiving a request for information on the sensing capability from the TRP.

13. In the 11th paragraph, if the transmission role for the bistatic sensing is assigned to the TRP and the reception role is assigned to the UE, A step of receiving a sensing signal for the bistatic sensing based on information about the resource allocation from the TRP; and A method characterized in that it further comprises a step of transmitting a sensing result report to the TRP.

14. In a system supporting communication and sensing, at the TRP (transmission and reception point), Transmitter and receiver; and At least one processor; comprising: Determine the transmitter and receiver roles for bistatic sensing, Transmit information about the above transmitting and receiving roles to the UE (user equipment), Receive information about the sensing capability from the UE, and A TRP characterized in that it is configured to perform resource allocation based on information about the received sensing capability and transmit information about the resource allocation to the UE.

15. In a system supporting communication and sensing, in the UE (user equipment), Transmitter and receiver; and At least one processor; comprising: Receive information about the transmitting and receiving roles for bistatic sensing from the TRP (transmission reception point), Transmitting information about the sensing capability to the TRP, and A UE configured to receive information on resource allocation from the TRP.

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