Display device

Abstract

An embodiment of the present invention provides a display device comprising: a substrate including a plurality of pixel areas and a non-pixel area disposed between the plurality of pixel areas; at least one light-emitting element disposed in each of the plurality of pixel areas; a sensing wire passing through the plurality of pixel areas; at least one actuator disposed in the non-pixel area; a sensing unit for sensing a strain of the substrate from the sensing wire; and a compensation control unit for driving the actuator.

Description

display device

[0001] Embodiments of the present invention relate to a display device, for example, a flexible display device.

[0002] As display devices that visually display electrical signals evolve, a variety of display devices with superior characteristics, such as thinness, weight reduction, and low power consumption, are being introduced. For example, flexible display devices that can be folded or rolled are being introduced. Recently, active research and development is underway on display devices with diverse structures, such as stretchable display devices capable of transforming into various forms.

[0003] Embodiments of the present invention provide a display device, for example, a flexible display device.

[0004] One embodiment of the present invention provides a display device including: a substrate including a plurality of pixel areas and a non-pixel area disposed between the plurality of pixel areas; at least one light-emitting element disposed in each of the plurality of pixel areas; a sensing wire passing through the plurality of pixel areas; at least one actuator disposed in the non-pixel area; a sensing unit that senses a strain of the substrate from the sensing wire; and a correction control unit that drives the actuator.

[0005] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a display device capable of being stretched in various directions can be provided. These effects are exemplary, and the scope of the present invention is not limited by the aforementioned effects.

[0006] FIG. 1 is a perspective view schematically showing a display device according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0007] Figures 2a and 2b are perspective views showing the display device of Figure 1 extended in the first direction.

[0008] Figure 2c is a perspective view showing the display device of Figure 1 extended in the second direction.

[0009] Figure 2d is a perspective view showing the display device of Figure 1 extended in the first direction and the second direction.

[0010] Figure 2e is a perspective view showing the display device of Figure 1 extended in the third direction.

[0011] Figure 3 is a schematic plan view of a display device according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0012] FIGS. 4A to 4C are equivalent circuit diagrams of subpixels of a display device according to one embodiment of the present invention, respectively.

[0013] FIGS. 5A to 5C are cross-sectional views schematically showing a portion of a display area that can be applied to a display device according to embodiments of the present invention.

[0014] FIG. 6a is a schematic plan view enlarged from a portion of a display device according to the present embodiment, and corresponds to part I of FIG. 3.

[0015] Figures 6b and 6c are schematic plan views for explaining the operation when deformation of the display device of the present invention occurs.

[0016] Fig. 7 is an example of a flowchart showing the operation of a display device according to the present embodiment.

[0017] Figure 8 is a drawing schematically showing the configuration of a sensing unit and a correction control unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] FIG. 9 is a schematic plan view showing an enlarged portion of a display device according to one embodiment.

[0019] Fig. 10 is a drawing showing an example of an actuator that can be applied to this embodiment.

[0020] FIGS. 11A to 11C are schematic cross-sectional views of a portion of a display device according to embodiments of the present invention.

[0021] FIGS. 12A to 12G are perspective views schematically illustrating embodiments of an electronic device including a display device according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] One embodiment of the present invention provides a display device including: a substrate including a plurality of pixel areas and a non-pixel area disposed between the plurality of pixel areas; at least one light-emitting element disposed in each of the plurality of pixel areas; a sensing wire passing through the plurality of pixel areas; at least one actuator disposed in the non-pixel area; a sensing unit that senses a strain of the substrate from the sensing wire; and a correction control unit that drives the actuator.

[0023] In one embodiment, the strain of the substrate can be measured from at least one of a change in resistance of the sensing wire, a change in capacitance, and a change in waveform according to an electrical signal.

[0024] In one embodiment, the sensing unit may include a memory unit that stores a reference value of a characteristic of the sensing wire; and a sensing circuit that calculates a strain by comparing the reference value stored in the memory unit with the characteristic of the sensing wire.

[0025] In one embodiment, the correction control unit may include a correction circuit that compares the average strain of the plurality of pixel areas with the strain of each of the plurality of pixel areas to generate a correction value; and an actuator circuit that generates a driving signal for driving the actuator based on the correction value.

[0026] In one embodiment, the modulus of the non-pixel area may be smaller than the modulus of the pixel area.

[0027] In one embodiment, the at least one actuator comprises a first actuator and a second actuator, wherein the first actuator may be a tensile actuator and the second actuator may be a compression actuator.

[0028] In one embodiment, the at least one actuator may be a soft actuator.

[0029] In one embodiment, the at least one actuator may be a dielectric elastic actuator comprising a first electrode layer, an elastic layer, and a second electrode layer.

[0030] In one embodiment, the device further includes a scan line extending in a first direction and passing through the plurality of pixel areas, wherein the sensing wire can extend in a second direction intersecting the first direction.

[0031] In one embodiment, the light-emitting element may be an organic light-emitting diode or an inorganic light-emitting diode.

[0032] One embodiment of the present invention provides a display device including: a substrate including a plurality of pixel areas and a non-pixel area disposed between the plurality of pixel areas; at least one light-emitting element disposed in each of the plurality of pixel areas; a scan line extending in a first direction through the plurality of pixel areas; a sensing wire extending in a second direction intersecting the first direction through the plurality of pixel areas; and a first actuator and a second actuator disposed in the non-pixel area, wherein the first actuator is a tensile actuator and the second actuator is a compressive actuator.

[0033] In one embodiment, the modulus of the non-pixel area may be smaller than the modulus of the pixel area.

[0034] In one embodiment, the device further comprises an inorganic insulating layer disposed between the substrate and the at least one light-emitting element, wherein the inorganic insulating layer may have an opening corresponding to the non-pixel region.

[0035] In one embodiment, an organic layer may be disposed in the opening of the inorganic insulating layer.

[0036] In one embodiment, the first actuator and the second actuator may be arranged along the first direction between adjacent pixel areas.

[0037] In one embodiment, the first actuator and the second actuator may each be a dielectric elastic actuator including a first electrode layer, an elastic layer, and a second electrode layer.

[0038] In one embodiment, the device may further include a sensing unit that senses the strain of the substrate from the sensing wiring; and a compensation control unit that drives the actuator.

[0039] In one embodiment, the strain of the substrate can be measured from at least one of a change in resistance of the sensing wire, a change in capacitance, and a change in waveform according to an electrical signal.

[0040] In one embodiment, the sensing unit may include a memory unit that stores a reference value of a characteristic of the sensing wire; and a sensing circuit that calculates a strain by comparing the reference value stored in the memory unit with the characteristic of the sensing wire.

[0041] In one embodiment, the correction control unit may include a correction circuit that compares the average strain of the plurality of pixel areas with the strain of each of the plurality of pixel areas to generate a correction value; and an actuator circuit that generates a driving signal for driving the actuator based on the correction value.

[0042] The present invention is capable of various modifications and embodiments. Specific embodiments are illustrated in the drawings and described in detail in the detailed description. The effects and features of the present invention, as well as the methods for achieving them, will become clearer with reference to the embodiments described in detail below, along with the drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments disclosed below and can be implemented in various forms.

[0043] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the attached drawings. When describing with reference to the drawings, identical or corresponding components are given the same reference numerals and redundant descriptions thereof will be omitted.

[0044] In the examples below, the terms first, second, etc. are not used in a limiting sense, but are used for the purpose of distinguishing one component from another.

[0045] In the examples below, singular expressions include plural expressions unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0046] In the examples below, terms such as “include” or “have” mean that a feature or component described in the specification is present, and do not preclude the possibility that one or more other features or components may be added.

[0047] In the following examples, when a part such as a film, region, component, etc. is said to be on or above another part, it includes not only a case where it is directly on top of the other part, but also a case where another film, region, component, etc. is interposed in between.

[0048] For convenience of explanation, the sizes of components in the drawings may be exaggerated or reduced. For example, the sizes and thicknesses of each component shown in the drawings are arbitrarily indicated for convenience of explanation, and thus the present invention is not necessarily limited to what is shown.

[0049] In some embodiments, where implementations are otherwise feasible, specific process sequences may be performed in a different order than described. For example, two processes described in succession may be performed substantially simultaneously, or in a reverse order from the described order.

[0050] In this specification, “A and / or B” refers to the case where it is A, or B, or both A and B. And, “at least one of A or B” refers to the case where it is A, or B, or both A and B.

[0051] In the following examples, when it is said that a film, region, component, etc. are connected, it includes cases where the films, regions, components, etc. are directly connected, and / or cases where other films, regions, components, etc. are interposed between the films, regions, components, etc. and are indirectly connected. For example, when it is said in this specification that a film, region, component, etc. are electrically connected, it refers to cases where the films, regions, components, etc. are directly electrically connected, and / or cases where other films, regions, components, etc. are interposed between them and are indirectly electrically connected.

[0052] The x-axis, y-axis, and z-axis are not limited to the three axes in the Cartesian coordinate system, but can be interpreted in a broader sense that includes them. For example, the x-axis, y-axis, and z-axis may be orthogonal to each other, but they can also refer to different directions that are not orthogonal to each other.

[0053] FIG. 1 is a perspective view schematically illustrating a display device (1) according to some embodiments of the present invention. FIGS. 2a and 2b are perspective views illustrating the display device (1) of FIG. 1 in a state extended in a first direction. FIG. 2c is a perspective view illustrating the display device (1) of FIG. 1 in a state extended in a second direction. FIG. 2d is a perspective view illustrating the display device of FIG. 1 in a state extended in the first and second directions. FIG. 2e is a perspective view illustrating the display device (1) of FIG. 1 in a state extended in a third direction.

[0054] Referring to FIG. 1, a display device (1) may include a display area (DA) and a non-display area (NDA). The display area (DA) may include a plurality of (sub)pixels. The display device (1) may provide a predetermined image using light emitted from the plurality of pixels. The non-display area (NDA) may be arranged outside the display area (DA) as a peripheral area of ​​the display area (DA). The non-display area (NDA) is an area where pixels are not arranged and may entirely surround the display area (DA).

[0055] The display device (1) can be extended or contracted in various directions. The display device (1) can be extended or contracted in a first direction (e.g., the x direction and / or the -x direction) by an external force applied by an external object or a user. In one embodiment, as illustrated in FIGS. 2A and 2B, the display area (DA) and / or the non-display area (NDA) of the display device (1) can be extended in the first direction (e.g., the x direction and / or the -x direction). For example, as illustrated in FIG. 2A, the display device (1) can be extended along the x direction and the -x direction, or as illustrated in FIG. 2B, one side of the display device (1) can be fixed and the display device (1) can be extended along the x direction.

[0056] The display device (1) can be stretched in a second direction (e.g., the y direction and / or the -y direction) by an external force applied by an external object or a user. In one embodiment, as illustrated in FIG. 2 c, the display area (DA) and / or the non-display area (NDA) of the display device (1) can be stretched in the y direction and the -y direction. In another embodiment, one side of the display device (1) can be fixed while being stretched in the y direction or the -y direction.

[0057] The display device (1) can be extended in a plurality of directions, for example, a first direction (e.g., the x direction and / or the -x direction) and a second direction (e.g., the y direction and / or the -y direction) by an external force applied by an external object or a part of a human body. As illustrated in Fig. 2d, the display area (DA) and / or the non-display area (NDA) of the display device (1) can be extended in the ±x direction and the ±y direction.

[0058] The display device (1) can be elongated in a third direction (e.g., the z direction or the -z direction) by an external force applied by an external object or a part of a human body. In one embodiment, FIG. 2e illustrates that a part of the display device (1), for example, a part of the display area (DA), protrudes in the z direction. In another embodiment, a part of the display device (1), for example, a part of the display area (DA), can protrude along the -z direction (or be sunken along the z direction).

[0059] Although FIGS. 2A to 2E illustrate the display device (1) extending in the first, second, and / or third directions, the present invention is not limited thereto. In other embodiments, the display device (1) may be variously deformed into an irregular shape, such as being bent or twisted along two or more axes.

[0060] Figure 3 is a plan view schematically showing a display device (1) according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0061] A plurality of pixels may be arranged in a display area (DA) of a display device (1). Each pixel may include subpixels (SPX) that emit light of different colors. A light-emitting element corresponding to each subpixel (SPX) may be arranged in the display area (DA). The light-emitting element may be driven by a pixel driving circuit unit (PC, see FIGS. 4A to 4C) arranged in the display area (DA).

[0062] A circuit for providing electrical signals to pixel driver circuits arranged in the display area (DA) may be located in a non-display area (NDA) surrounding the display area (DA). A gate driver circuit (GDC) may be arranged in a first non-display area (NDA1) and a second non-display area (NDA2) arranged on both sides of the display area (DA). The gate driver circuit (GDC) may include drivers for providing electrical signals to gate electrodes of each of the transistors included in the pixel driver circuit. The gate driver circuit (GDC) may transmit electrical signals through a scan line (SL). The scan line (SL) may extend in the x direction in the display area (DA).

[0063] Although FIG. 3 illustrates that a gate driving circuit (GDC) is arranged in each of the first non-display area (NDA1) and the second non-display area (NDA2), the present invention is not limited thereto. In another embodiment, the gate driving circuit (GDC) may be arranged in either the first non-display area (NDA1) or the second non-display area (NDA2).

[0064] The data driving circuit (DDC) may be disposed in the third non-display area (NDA3) and / or the fourth non-display area (NDA4). In one embodiment, FIG. 3 illustrates that the data driving circuit (DDC) is disposed in the fourth non-display area (NDA4). In another embodiment, the data driving circuit (DDC) may be disposed in each of the third non-display area (NDA3) and the fourth non-display area (NDA4). The data driving circuit (DDC) may include drivers for providing electrical signals to transistors included in the pixel driving circuit unit. The data driving circuit (DDC) may transmit the electrical signal through a data line (DL). The data line (DL) may extend in the y direction in the display area (DA).

[0065] Although FIG. 3 illustrates that the data drive circuit (DDC) is arranged in the fourth non-display area (NDA4) of the display device (1), the present invention is not limited thereto. In another embodiment, the display device (1) may further include a flexible circuit board (FPCB) electrically connected through a terminal portion (not shown) arranged in the fourth non-display area (NDA4), and the data drive circuit (DDC) may be arranged on the aforementioned flexible circuit board (FPCB). In addition, a sensing unit (200) and a correction control unit (300) may be arranged on the flexible circuit board (FPCB). The sensing unit (200) may include a sensing circuit that senses the degree to which the display device (1) is stretched. The correction control unit (300) may provide a signal for correcting the arrangement of pixels included in the display device (1) based on the value sensed by the sensing unit (200). The specific operations of the sensing unit (200) and the correction control unit (300) will be described later.

[0066] The display device (1) according to the present embodiment is a stretchable display device, and may be stretchable in all positions or all areas of the display device (1), or may be stretchable only in a specific position or area, depending on the case. In addition, the display device (1) may be stretchable in all directions, or may be stretchable only in a specific direction. The degree of stretchability of the display device (1) may be the same for all positions, areas, and directions, or may be different in specific positions, areas, and directions.

[0067] In the present embodiment, the display area (DA) may include a sensing wire (SEL). The sensing wire (SEL) may be provided to extend in the x direction and / or the y direction. For example, the sensing wire (SEL) may be provided parallel to the scan line (SL) or parallel to the data line (DL). Alternatively, the sensing wire (SEL) may include a horizontal sensing wire parallel to the scan line (SL) and a vertical sensing wire parallel to the data line (DL). Alternatively, the sensing wire (SEL) may be provided as the scan line (SL) or the data line (DL).

[0068] The sensing wire (SEL) may be a wire for detecting the extent to which the display device (1) is stretched or shrunk. Since the display device (1) may be stretched to different degrees depending on the position and area when stretched, the display device (1) according to the present embodiment may be provided with a sensing wire (SEL) to detect the extent of stretch depending on the position and area. The extent to which the sensing wire (SEL) is stretched may be measured from a change in resistance, a change in capacitance, and / or a change in the waveform of an electrical signal depending on the position of the sensing wire (SEL). The change value of the sensing wire (SEL) may be transmitted to the sensing unit (200) to measure the strain of the display device (1).

[0069] Meanwhile, the display device (1) according to the present embodiment is a flexible display device, and at least some of the components included in the display device (1) may have elasticity. For example, all components such as the substrate, wiring, electrodes, and pixel driving circuits arranged in the display area (DA) may have elasticity, or only some of the components may have elasticity.

[0070] For example, the sensing wire (SEL) may be formed of a flexible material, for example, a highly ductile metal material. In some embodiments, the sensing wire (SEL) may be formed of a liquid metal, or a rubber material mixed with the liquid metal. In some embodiments, the sensing wire (SEL) may include nanoparticles, nanoflakes, nanowires, etc. of gold, silver, copper, etc. In some embodiments, the sensing wire (SEL) may be formed of a rubber material mixed with a nanostructure made of gold, silver, copper, etc. Alternatively, the sensing wire (SEL) may be formed of a carbon nanotube or graphene. The sensing wire (SEL) may be formed of a carbon-based nanostructure mixed with a rubber material.

[0071] Figures 4a to 4c are equivalent circuit diagrams of subpixels of a display device (1) according to one embodiment of the present invention, respectively.

[0072] Referring to FIG. 4a, a light emitting element (LED) corresponding to a subpixel is electrically connected to a pixel driver circuit (PC), and the pixel driver circuit (PC) may include a first transistor (T1), a second transistor (T2), and a storage capacitor (Cst). The pixel driver circuit (PC) may be electrically connected to a signal line and a voltage line. The signal line may include a gate line such as a first scan line (SL1) and a data line (DL), and the voltage line may include a first voltage line (VDDL).

[0073] The second transistor (T2) can be electrically connected to the first scan line (SL1) and the data line (DL). The first scan line (SL1) can provide a first scan signal (GW1) to a gate electrode of the second transistor (T2). The second transistor (T2) can transmit a data signal (Dm) input from the data line (DL) to the first transistor (T1) according to the first scan signal (GW1) input from the first scan line (SL1).

[0074] The storage capacitor (Cst) is electrically connected to the second transistor (T2) and the first voltage line (VDDL), and can store a voltage corresponding to the difference between the voltage received from the second transistor (T2) and the first power voltage (VDD) supplied by the first voltage line (VDDL).

[0075] The first transistor (T1) is a driving transistor and can control a driving current flowing through a light-emitting element (LED). The first transistor (T1) can be connected to a first voltage line (VDDL) and a storage capacitor (Cst). The first transistor (T1) can control a driving current flowing through the light-emitting element (LED) from the first voltage line (VDDL) in response to a voltage value stored in the storage capacitor (Cst). The light-emitting element (LED) can emit light having a predetermined brightness by the driving current. A first electrode of the light-emitting element (LED) can be electrically connected to the first transistor (T1), and a second electrode can be electrically connected to a second voltage line (VSSL) that supplies a second power voltage (VSS).

[0076] Although FIG. 4A illustrates that the pixel driver circuit (PC) includes two transistors and one storage capacitor, in other embodiments, the pixel driver circuit (PC) may include three or more transistors. In various embodiments, the pixel driver circuit (PC) may further include additional components without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention.

[0077] Referring to FIG. 4b, the pixel driving circuit unit (PC) may include a first transistor (T1), a second transistor (T2), a third transistor (T3), a fourth transistor (T4), a fifth transistor (T5), a sixth transistor (T6), a seventh transistor (T7), and a storage capacitor (Cst). Although FIG. 4b illustrates that the pixel driving circuit unit (PC) includes various components, the embodiment of the present invention is not limited thereto, and according to some embodiments, the pixel driving circuit unit (PC) may include additional components or may include a smaller number of components.

[0078] The pixel driver circuit (PC) is electrically connected to signal lines and voltage lines. The signal lines may include gate lines such as a first scan line (SL1), a second scan line (SL2), a third scan line (SL3), a fourth scan line (SL4), and an emission control line (EML), and a data line (DL). The voltage lines may include first and second initialization voltage lines (VIL1, VIL2) and a first voltage line (VDDL).

[0079] The first voltage line (VDDL) can transmit the first power voltage (VDD) to the first transistor (T1). The first initialization voltage line (VIL1) can transmit the first initialization voltage (Vint) that initializes the first transistor (T1) to the pixel driver circuit (PC). The second initialization voltage line (VIL2) can transmit the second initialization voltage (Vaint) that initializes the first electrode of the light-emitting element (LED) to the pixel driver circuit (PC).

[0080] The first transistor (T1) may be electrically connected to the first voltage line (VDDL) via the fifth transistor (T5) and may be electrically connected to the light-emitting element (LED) via the sixth transistor (T6). The first transistor (T1) functions as a driving transistor, and receives a data signal (Dm) according to the switching operation of the second transistor (T2) to supply a driving current to the light-emitting element (LED).

[0081] The second transistor (T2) is a data writing transistor and is electrically connected to the first scan line (SL1) and the data line (DL). The second transistor (T2) is electrically connected to the first voltage line (VDDL) via the fifth transistor (T5). The second transistor (T2) is turned on in response to the first scan signal (GW) received through the first scan line (SL1) and performs a switching operation to transmit the data signal (Dm) transmitted to the data line (DL) to the first node (N1).

[0082] The third transistor (T3) is electrically connected to the first scan line (SL1) and is electrically connected to the light-emitting element (LED) via the sixth transistor (T6). The third transistor (T3) can be turned on in response to the first scan signal (GW) received through the first scan line (SL1) to diode-connect the first transistor (T1).

[0083] The fourth transistor (T4) is a first initialization transistor and is electrically connected to the third scan line (SL3) and the first initialization voltage line (VIL1). The fourth transistor (T4) is turned on according to the third scan signal (GI) received through the third scan line (SL3) and transmits the first initialization voltage (Vint) from the first initialization voltage line (VIL1) to the gate electrode of the first transistor (T1) to initialize the voltage of the gate electrode of the first transistor (T1). The third scan signal (GI) may correspond to the first scan signal of another pixel driver circuit unit arranged in the previous row of the corresponding pixel driver circuit unit (PC).

[0084] The fifth transistor (T5) may be a motion control transistor, and the sixth transistor (T6) may be a light emission control transistor. The fifth transistor (T5) and the sixth transistor (T6) are electrically connected to the light emission control line (EML), and are turned on simultaneously according to the light emission control signal (EM) transmitted through the light emission control line (EML), thereby forming a current path so that a driving current can flow from the first voltage line (VDDL) in the direction of the light emitting element (LED).

[0085] The seventh transistor (T7) is a second initialization transistor and can be electrically connected to the second scan line (SL2), the second initialization voltage line (VIL2), and the sixth transistor (T6). The seventh transistor (T7) is turned on according to the second scan signal (GB) transmitted through the second scan line (SL2), and can transmit the second initialization voltage (Vaint) from the second initialization voltage line (VIL2) to the first electrode of the light-emitting element (LED) to initialize the first electrode of the light-emitting element (LED).

[0086] A storage capacitor (Cst) includes a first electrode (CE1) and a second electrode (CE2). The first electrode (CE1) is electrically connected to the gate electrode of the first transistor (T1), and the second electrode (CE2) is electrically connected to the first voltage line (VDDL). The storage capacitor (Cst) can maintain a voltage applied to the gate electrode of the first transistor (T1) by storing and maintaining a voltage corresponding to a difference between the voltages at both ends of the first voltage line (VDDL) and the gate electrode of the first transistor (T1).

[0087] Referring to FIG. 4C, the pixel driving circuit unit (PC) may include a first transistor (T1), a second transistor (T2), a third transistor (T3), a fourth transistor (T4), a fifth transistor (T5), a sixth transistor (T6), a seventh transistor (T7), an eighth transistor (T8), a ninth transistor (T9), a storage capacitor (Cst), and an auxiliary capacitor (Ca). Although FIG. 4C illustrates that the pixel driving circuit unit (PC) includes various components, the embodiment of the present invention is not limited thereto, and according to some embodiments, the pixel driving circuit unit (PC) may include additional components or may include a smaller number of components.

[0088] The pixel driver circuit (PC) is electrically connected to signal lines and voltage lines. The signal lines may include gate lines such as a first scan line (SL1), a second scan line (SL2), a third scan line (SL3), a fourth scan line (SL4), and an emission control line (EML), and a data line (DL). The voltage lines may include first and second initialization voltage lines (VIL1, VIL2), a sustain voltage line (VSL), and a first voltage line (VDDL).

[0089] The first voltage line (VDDL) can transmit a first power voltage (VDD) to the first transistor (T1). The first initialization voltage line (VIL1) can transmit a first initialization voltage (Vint) for initializing the first transistor (T1) to the pixel driver circuit (PC). The second initialization voltage line (VIL2) can transmit a second initialization voltage (Vaint) for initializing the first electrode of the light-emitting element (LED) to the pixel driver circuit (PC). The sustain voltage line (VSL) can provide a sustain voltage (VSUS) to the second node (N2), for example, the second electrode (CE2) of the storage capacitor (Cst), during the initialization period and the data writing period.

[0090] The first transistor (T1) may be electrically connected to the first voltage line (VDDL) via the fifth transistor (T5) and the eighth transistor (T8), and may be electrically connected to the light-emitting element (LED) via the sixth transistor (T6). The first transistor (T1) functions as a driving transistor, and may receive a data signal (Dm) according to the switching operation of the second transistor (T2) to supply a driving current to the light-emitting element (LED).

[0091] The second transistor (T2) is electrically connected to the first scan line (SL1) and the data line (DL), and is electrically connected to the first voltage line (VDDL) via the fifth transistor (T5) and the eighth transistor (T8). The second transistor (T2) is turned on in response to the first scan signal (GW) received through the first scan line (SL1) and performs a switching operation to transmit the data signal (Dm) transmitted to the data line (DL) to the first node (N1).

[0092] The third transistor (T3) is electrically connected to the first scan line (SL1) and is electrically connected to the light-emitting element (LED) via the sixth transistor (T6). The third transistor (T3) is turned on in response to the first scan signal (GW) received through the first scan line (SL1), thereby diode-connecting the first transistor (T1), thereby compensating for the threshold voltage of the first transistor (T1).

[0093] The fourth transistor (T4) is electrically connected to the third scan line (SL3) and the first initialization voltage line (VIL1), and is turned on in response to the third scan signal (GI) transmitted through the third scan line (SL3) to transmit the first initialization voltage (Vint) from the first initialization voltage line (VIL1) to the gate electrode of the first transistor (T1) to initialize the voltage of the gate electrode of the first transistor (T1). The third scan signal (GI) may correspond to the first scan signal of another pixel driving circuit unit arranged in the previous row of the corresponding pixel driving circuit unit (PC).

[0094] The fifth transistor (T5), the sixth transistor (T6), and the eighth transistor (T8) are electrically connected to the light emission control line (EML), and are simultaneously turned on in response to the light emission control signal (EM) transmitted through the light emission control line (EML), thereby forming a current path so that a driving current can flow from the first voltage line (VDDL) in the direction of the light emitting element (LED).

[0095] The seventh transistor (T7) is a second initialization transistor and can be electrically connected to the second scan line (SL2), the second initialization voltage line (VIL2), and the sixth transistor (T6). The seventh transistor (T7) is turned on in response to the second scan signal (GB) received through the second scan line (SL2) and transmits the second initialization voltage (Vaint) from the second initialization voltage line (VIL2) to the first electrode of the light-emitting element (LED) to initialize the first electrode of the light-emitting element (LED).

[0096] The ninth transistor (T9) can be electrically connected to the second scan line (SL2), the second electrode (CE2) of the storage capacitor (Cst), and the sustain voltage line (VSL). The ninth transistor (T9) is turned on according to the second scan signal (GB) transmitted through the second scan line (SL2), and can transmit the sustain voltage (VSUS) to the second node (N2), for example, the second electrode (CE2) of the storage capacitor (Cst), during the initialization section and the data writing section.

[0097] The eighth transistor (T8) and the ninth transistor (T9) may be electrically connected to a second node (N2), for example, a second electrode (CE2) of a storage capacitor (Cst), respectively. In some embodiments, the eighth transistor (T8) may be turned off and the ninth transistor (T9) may be turned on in an initialization period and a data writing period, and the eighth transistor (T8) may be turned on and the ninth transistor (T9) may be turned off in an emission period. Since the sustain voltage (VSUS) is transmitted to the second node (N2) in the initialization period and the data writing period, the uniformity of the luminance (e.g., LRU, Long Range Uniformity) of the display device according to the voltage drop of the first voltage line (VDDL) may be improved.

[0098] The storage capacitor (Cst) includes a first electrode (CE1) and a second electrode (CE2). The first electrode (CE1) is electrically connected to the gate electrode of the first transistor (T1), and the second electrode (CE2) is electrically connected to the eighth transistor (T8) and the ninth transistor (T9).

[0099] The auxiliary capacitor (Ca) can be electrically connected to the sixth transistor (T6), the sustain voltage line (VSL), and the first electrode of the light-emitting element (LED). The auxiliary capacitor (Ca) stores and maintains a voltage corresponding to the voltage difference between the first electrode of the light-emitting element (LED) and the sustain voltage line (VSL) while the seventh transistor (T7) and the ninth transistor (T9) are turned on, thereby preventing the problem of black luminance increasing when the sixth transistor (T6) is turned off.

[0100] FIGS. 5A to 5C are cross-sectional views schematically illustrating a portion of a display area applicable to a display device according to embodiments of the present invention. Specifically, they are cross-sectional views schematically illustrating a light-emitting element that may be included in the display area.

[0101] Referring to FIGS. 5A to 5C, the display device may include a substrate (100), a pixel driving circuit unit (PC), and a light-emitting element connected to the pixel driving circuit unit (PC).

[0102] The substrate (100) may include a polymer resin such as polyethersulfone, polyarylate, polyether imide, polyethylene naphthalate, polyethylene terephthalate, polyphenylene sulfide, polyimide, polycarbonate, cellulose triacetate, or cellulose acetate propionate. In one embodiment, the substrate (100) may be a single layer including the aforementioned polymer resin. In another embodiment, the substrate (100) may be a multilayer structure including a base layer including the aforementioned polymer resin and a barrier layer including an inorganic insulating material. The substrate (100) including the polymer resin may have flexible, rollable, and bendable properties.

[0103] A buffer layer (111) may be disposed on the substrate (100). The buffer layer (111) may include an inorganic insulating material. For example, the buffer layer (111) may include silicon oxide, silicon nitride, and / or silicon oxynitride. A pixel driver circuit (PC) may be disposed on the buffer layer (111). A lower insulating layer (IL) including an inorganic insulating material and / or an organic insulating material may be disposed between the pixel driver circuit (PC) and the light emitting element (LED). The light emitting element (LED) may be disposed on the lower insulating layer (IL) and may be electrically connected to a corresponding pixel driver circuit (PC). The light emitting elements may emit light of different colors or the same color. In one embodiment, the light emitting elements may emit red, green, and blue light, respectively. In some embodiments, the light emitting elements may emit white light. As another embodiment, the light emitting elements can each emit red, green, blue, and white light.

[0104] Referring to FIG. 5A, a light-emitting element according to one embodiment of the present invention may include an organic light-emitting diode (220) including an organic material. The organic light-emitting diode (220) may include a first electrode (221) disposed on an insulating layer, a second electrode (225) facing the first electrode (221), and a light-emitting layer (223) interposed between the first electrode (221) and the second electrode (225). A first functional layer (222) may be disposed between the first electrode (221) and the light-emitting layer (223), and a second functional layer (224) may be disposed between the light-emitting layer (223) and the second electrode (225).

[0105] The edge of the first electrode (221) may be covered with a bank layer (BKL) including an insulating material. The bank layer (BKL) may include an opening (B-OP) overlapping the central portion of the first electrode (221).

[0106] The first electrode (221) may include a conductive oxide such as indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), zinc oxide (ZnO), indium oxide (In2O3), indium gallium oxide (IGO), or aluminum zinc oxide (AZO). In another embodiment, the first electrode (221) may include a reflective layer including silver (Ag), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), gold (Au), nickel (Ni), neodymium (Nd), iridium (Ir), chromium (Cr), or a compound thereof. In another embodiment, the first electrode (221) may further include a layer formed of ITO, IZO, ZnO, AZO, or In2O3 on / under the aforementioned reflective layer.

[0107] The light-emitting layer (223) may include a polymer or low-molecular organic material that emits light of a predetermined color. The first functional layer (222) may include a hole transport layer (HTL) and / or a hole injection layer (HIL). The second functional layer (224) may include an electron transport layer (ETL) and / or an electron injection layer (EIL).

[0108] The second electrode (225) may be formed of a conductive material having a low work function. For example, the second electrode (225) may include a (semi-)transparent layer including silver (Ag), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), gold (Au), nickel (Ni), neodymium (Nd), iridium (Ir), chromium (Cr), lithium (Li), calcium (Ca), or an alloy thereof. Alternatively, the second electrode (225) may further include a layer such as ITO, IZO, ZnO, AZO, or In2O3 on the (semi-)transparent layer including the aforementioned material.

[0109] Referring to FIG. 5b, in one embodiment of the present invention, a light-emitting element may include an inorganic light-emitting diode (230) including an inorganic material. The inorganic light-emitting diode (230) may include a first semiconductor layer (231), a second semiconductor layer (232), an intermediate layer (233) between the first semiconductor layer (231) and the second semiconductor layer (232), a first electrode (235) electrically connected to the first semiconductor layer (231), and a second electrode (238) electrically connected to the second semiconductor layer (232).

[0110] The first electrode (235) and the second electrode (238) of the inorganic light-emitting diode (230) may be arranged to face the same direction. Both the first electrode (235) and the second electrode (238) may be arranged on the lower side of the intermediate layer (233). Accordingly, the first electrode (235) and the second electrode (238) of the inorganic light-emitting diode (230) of FIG. 7b may be directly connected to the electrode pad (EP) and the common electrode pad (CP), respectively, arranged on the same layer.

[0111] In some embodiments, the first semiconductor layer (231) may include a p-type semiconductor layer. The p-type semiconductor layer may be In x Al y Ga 1-x-yA semiconductor material having a composition formula of N (0≤x≤1, 0≤y≤1, 0≤x+y≤1) can be selected from among, for example, GaN, AlN, AlGaN, InGaN, InN, InAlGaN, AlInN, etc., and a p-type dopant such as Mg, Zn, Ca, Sr, Ba, etc. can be doped.

[0112] The second semiconductor layer (232) may include, for example, an n-type semiconductor layer. The n-type semiconductor layer may be selected from semiconductor materials having a composition formula of InxAlyGa1-x-yN (0≤x≤1, 0≤y≤1, 0≤x+y≤1), such as GaN, AlN, AlGaN, InGaN, InN, InAlGaN, AlInN, etc., and may be doped with an n-type dopant such as Si, Ge, or Sn.

[0113] The intermediate layer (233) is a region where electrons and holes recombine, and as electrons and holes recombine, they transition to a lower energy level and can generate light with a corresponding wavelength. The intermediate layer (233) is, for example, In x Al y Ga 1-x-y It can be formed by including a semiconductor material having a composition formula of N (0≤x≤1, 0≤y≤1, 0≤x+y≤1), and can be formed as a single quantum well structure or a multi-quantum well structure (MQW: Multi Quantum Well). In addition, it can also include a quantum wire structure or a quantum dot structure.

[0114] Although FIG. 5b illustrates that the first semiconductor layer (231) includes a p-type semiconductor layer and the second semiconductor layer (232) includes an n-type semiconductor layer, the present invention is not limited thereto. In another embodiment, the first semiconductor layer (231) may include an n-type semiconductor layer and the second semiconductor layer (232) may include a p-type semiconductor layer.

[0115] Fig. 5c is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating a light-emitting element of a display device according to one embodiment of the present invention. In Fig. 5c, the same reference numerals as in Fig. 5b indicate the same components.

[0116] Referring to FIG. 5c, in one embodiment of the present invention, a light-emitting element may be an inorganic light-emitting diode (230') including an inorganic material. The inorganic light-emitting diode (230') may include a first semiconductor layer (231), a second semiconductor layer (232), an intermediate layer (233) between the first semiconductor layer (231) and the second semiconductor layer (232), a first electrode (235) electrically connected to the first semiconductor layer (231), and a second electrode (238) electrically connected to the second semiconductor layer (232). The first electrode (235) and the second electrode (238) of the inorganic light-emitting diode (230) may be electrically connected to an electrode pad (EP) and a common electrode pad (CP) respectively disposed on the same layer.

[0117] The first electrode (235) and the second electrode (238) of the inorganic light-emitting diode (230') of FIG. 5c may be arranged to face different directions. The first electrode (235) may be arranged on the lower side of the intermediate layer (233), and the second electrode (238) may be arranged on the upper side of the intermediate layer (233). The second electrode (238) may be electrically connected to the common electrode pad (CP) through the common electrode (250).

[0118] An upper insulating layer (IL') may be disposed between the common electrode pad (CP) and the common electrode (250). The upper insulating layer (IL') may cover the inorganic light-emitting diode (230), but may expose the second electrode (238) of the inorganic light-emitting diode (230). The common electrode (250) is disposed on the upper insulating layer (IL') and may be directly connected to the second electrode (238). A contact hole through which the common electrode pad (CP) is exposed may be provided in the upper insulating layer (IL'). The common electrode (250) may be connected to the common electrode pad (CP) through the contact hole. The second electrode (238) may be electrically connected to the common electrode pad (CP) through the common electrode (250).

[0119] FIG. 6a is a schematic plan view enlarged from a portion of a display device according to the present embodiment, and corresponds to part I of FIG. 3.

[0120] Referring to FIG. 6A, the display area of ​​the display device according to the present embodiment may include a plurality of pixel areas (PXAs) and a non-pixel area (NPXA) surrounding each of the plurality of pixel areas (PXAs).

[0121] A plurality of pixel areas (PXAs) can be arranged along the x-direction and the y-direction. The distance between adjacent pixel areas (PXAs) in the x-direction can be provided as a constant first distance (La). The distance between adjacent pixel areas (PXAs) in the y-direction can be provided as a constant second distance (Lb).

[0122] At least one subpixel may be arranged in the pixel area (PXA). The subpixel may be one of a red pixel (Pr), a green pixel (Pg), and a blue pixel (Pb). The pixel area (PXA) may include a unit pixel (UP) formed by a set of subpixels. The unit pixel (UP) may include a red pixel (Pr), a green pixel (Pg), and a blue pixel (Pb). The subpixels may be implemented by light-emitting elements.

[0123] In Fig. 6a, the red pixel (Pr), the green pixel (Pg), and the blue pixel (Pb) included in the unit pixel (UP) are arranged in a stripe array structure arranged in one direction. However, the present invention is not limited thereto. The subpixels (SPX) included in the unit pixel (UP) can be arranged in various array structures such as a diamond structure, a pentile structure, and a mosaic structure.

[0124] The pixel area (PXA) may have a greater modulus than the surrounding non-pixel area (NPXA). Accordingly, when the display device is stretched, the pixel area (PXA) may experience less deformation than the non-pixel area (NPXA). The pixel area (PXA) may be referred to as an island area or a low-deformation area. In addition, the pixel area (PXA) may be referred to as a light-emitting area because it is the area where light-emitting elements are arranged.

[0125] The non-pixel area (NPXA) is arranged to surround the pixel area (PXA) and may have a smaller modulus than the pixel area (PXA). The non-pixel area (NPXA) may be an area where major deformation occurs due to the expansion and contraction of the display device. The non-pixel area (NPXA) is arranged between a plurality of pixel areas (PXAs) and may be referred to as a connecting portion or a bridge portion connecting the pixel areas (PXAs). In addition, the non-pixel area (NPXA) may be referred to as a peripheral portion or a high-deformation portion. The non-pixel area (NPXA) is an area in the display area where no light-emitting element is arranged and may be referred to as a non-emitting area.

[0126] Wires and an actuator area (ATA) can be arranged in the non-pixel area (NPXA). The wires can transmit various signals to drive sub-pixels arranged in the pixel area (PXA). For example, a scan line (SL) can transmit a scan signal to a pixel circuit that drives a sub-pixel, and can extend in the x direction. A data line (DL) can transmit a data signal to a pixel circuit that drives a sub-pixel, and can extend in the y direction. In the drawing, for the sake of simplicity, only one scan line (SL) and one data line (DL) are illustrated, and the rest are omitted.

[0127] In addition, some of the wires can transmit a driving signal to the actuator area (ATA). Among the wires, the sensing wire (SEL) can be arranged to pass through the pixel area (PXA). The strain at the location of each pixel area (PXA) can be measured by the sensing wire (SEL). In this specification, the strain means the degree to which the substrate or the display device is stretched or compressed compared to an initially set reference value. Since the sensing wire (SEL) is connected to the components of the display device, the degree of stretch of the display device can be measured based on the degree of stretch of the sensing wire (SEL).

[0128] An actuator area (ATA) may be arranged between a plurality of pixel areas (PXAs). The pixel areas (PXAs) and the actuator areas (ATA) may be arranged alternately along the x direction. Additionally, the pixel areas (PXAs) and the actuator areas (ATA) may be arranged alternately along the y direction.

[0129] The actuator area (ATA) may be a configuration for correcting the pixel area (PXA) so that it can be positioned at a desired position. The actuator area (ATA) may include at least one actuator (AT). The actuator (AT) may be a configuration that is combined with components of the display device to physically expand or contract the non-pixel area (NPXA) in response to a driving signal. The actuator (AT) may be a soft actuator, which may be a device that exhibits reversible movement in response to changes in an electric signal, heat, light, etc. In one embodiment, the actuator (AT) may be a dielectric elastomer actuator (DEA), a polymer actuator, a piezoelectric actuator, and / or an electro-active polymer actuator (EAP).

[0130] Figures 6b and 6c are schematic plan views illustrating the operation of the display device of the present invention when deformation occurs. In Figures 6b and 6c, the same reference numerals as in Figure 6a denote the same configuration.

[0131] Referring to FIGS. 6b and 6c, a display device according to the present embodiment may include a sensing unit (200) that senses a strain of the display device according to a change in a measurement value of a sensing wire (SEL)d, and a correction control unit (300) that provides a correction signal based on the strain sensed from the sensing unit (200).

[0132] Fig. 6b illustrates the initial stage of deformation in the display device. Since the display device according to the present embodiment is elastic, deformation may occur due to an external force. In this case, undesirable deformation may occur in the initial stage of deformation. For example, as the display device stretches, the pixel area (PXA') located at the lower left of Fig. 6b may be positioned out of alignment with the pixel area.

[0133] In this way, when an unwanted deformation, for example, a locally uneven deformation, occurs, the sensing unit (200) senses the unevenly deformed portion through the sensing wire (SEL), and the correction control unit (300) can apply a driving signal to the actuator (AT) included in the actuator area (ATA) based on the value sensed by the sensing unit (200). The actuator (AT) arranged in the actuator area (ATA) physically moves according to the driving signal of the correction control unit (300), and accordingly, all pixel areas (PXAs) can be arranged at a desired position.

[0134] By this operation, when a plurality of pixel areas (PXAs) are set to be uniformly arranged, all pixel areas (PXAs) can be uniformly arranged even after deformation, as shown in Fig. 6c. That is, after correction, a plurality of pixel areas (PXAs) can be arranged along the x and y directions. The distance between adjacent pixel areas (PXAs) in the x direction can be constantly provided as a third distance (La') that is greater than the first distance (La). The distance between adjacent pixel areas (PXAs) in the y direction can be constantly provided as a fourth distance (Lb') that is greater than the second distance (Lb).

[0135] Fig. 7 is an example of a flowchart showing the operation of a display device according to the present embodiment.

[0136] First, the strain according to the position of the display device is measured (step S1). The strain can be measured by a sensing unit (200, see FIG. 6b). The sensing unit (200) can calculate the strain of the display device by measuring a change in resistance, a change in capacitance, and / or a change in waveform for an electrical signal according to the position of a sensing wire (SEL, see FIG. 6b) arranged in the display area.

[0137] Next, a correction amount is calculated according to the position of the pixel area. (Step S2) The correction amount can be calculated by the correction control unit (300).

[0138] The strain value measured by the sensing unit (200) is transmitted to the correction control unit, which calculates the average strain of a preset area. The preset area may be the entirety or a portion of the display area. Next, the difference between the strain of each location and the average strain is calculated and set as the correction amount.

[0139] Next, a driving signal is applied to the actuator according to the above compensation amount. (Step S3) The actuator driving signal may be generated from the compensation control unit. The driving signal may be a tensile signal or a compression signal.

[0140] Next, the actuator that receives the driving signal corrects the position of the pixel area through a tensile or compressive action. (Step S4)

[0141] Next, the sensing unit re-measures the strain according to the position of the display device. (Step S5) If the re-measured strain falls within the preset error range, the compensation operation is terminated. If it falls outside the error range, the process returns to step S2 and repeats.

[0142] The above flowchart illustrates operations for uniformly distributing pixel areas within a set area. However, the present invention is not limited thereto. The distribution of pixel areas may be preset according to the amount of expansion, and it goes without saying that the compensation amount can be calculated by considering the preset value and strain rate.

[0143] Figure 8 is a drawing schematically showing the configuration of a sensing unit and a correction control unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0144] The sensing unit (200) may include a sensing circuit (2100) and a memory unit (2300). The correction control unit (300) may include a correction circuit (301) and an actuator circuit (303).

[0145] The sensing circuit (2100) can measure voltage, current, and waveforms applied to sensing wires (SEL). Changes in resistance, capacitance, and waveforms of the sensing wires (SEL) can be measured from the voltage, current, and waveforms measured in this manner. The sensing circuit (2100) can be composed of a single component or multiple circuit components, and can include an analog-to-digital converter, etc.

[0146] The sensing circuit (2100) may sense all or part of a plurality of sensing wires (SEL) one by one according to an individual sensing method, or may sense all or part of a plurality of sensing wires (SEL) in groups of two or more according to a group sensing method for sensing efficiency.

[0147] The memory unit (2300) may store reference values ​​of the characteristics of the sensing wire (SEL). For example, the memory unit (2300) may store reference values ​​of the resistance, capacitance, and / or waveform of the sensing wire (SEL). The memory unit (2300) may provide the reference values ​​of the sensing wire (SEL) to the sensing circuit (2100).

[0148] The sensing circuit (2100) can calculate the strain of the display device by comparing the reference value stored in the memory unit (2300) with the characteristics of the sensing wire (SEL) after the display device is deformed. In addition, the sensing circuit (2100) can transmit a correction value for the initial strain based on the strain to the memory unit (2300), and the memory unit (2300) can store the correction value. The sensing circuit (2100) can sense the strain for all positions of the display area and transmit the sensed strain to the correction circuit (301) of the correction control unit (300).

[0149] The correction circuit (301) can calculate the average strain of all pixel areas based on the strain of the sensing wire for each pixel area coordinate stored in the memory unit (2300). The correction circuit (301) can generate a correction value by comparing the average strain of the plurality of pixel areas with the strain of each of the plurality of pixel areas.

[0150] The compensation circuit (301) applies a control signal to the actuator circuit (303) by considering the average strain and the strain applied from the sensing circuit (2100). The compensation circuit (301) can compare the real-time strain applied from the sensing circuit (2100) with the average strain and continuously send a control signal to the actuator circuit (303) if it is outside the error range. The compensation circuit (301) can change the control signal or adjust the output timing of the control signal.

[0151] The actuator circuit (303) can generate a driving signal for driving the actuator based on the correction value sent from the correction circuit, and apply the driving signal to the actuator. When the actuator extends or contracts differently depending on the voltage, the actuator circuit (303) can provide a voltage appropriate for the length by which the actuator extends or contracts.

[0152] Fig. 9 is a schematic plan view showing an enlarged portion of a display device according to one embodiment. In Fig. 9, the same reference numerals as in Fig. 6a denote the same elements.

[0153] Referring to FIG. 9, a display area (DA) of a display device according to the present embodiment includes a plurality of pixel areas (PXAs) and a non-pixel area (NPXA) disposed between the plurality of pixel areas (PXAs). At least one light-emitting element (LED) is disposed in each of the plurality of pixel areas (PXAs), and a sub-pixel (SPX) may be implemented as a light-emitting area of ​​the light-emitting element (LED). The non-pixel area (NPXA) includes an actuator area (ATA), and at least one actuator (AT) may be disposed in the actuator area (ATA). The modulus of the non-pixel area (NPXA) may be provided to be smaller than the modulus of the pixel area (PXA). Accordingly, when the display device is stretched, the strain of the non-pixel area (NPXA) may be greater than that of the pixel area (PXA).

[0154] The sensing wire (SEL) passes through the plurality of pixel areas (PXAs), and can sense the strain of the display device according to the position of each of the plurality of pixel areas (PXAs) depending on the degree of stretching of the sensing wire (SEL). The sensing wire (SEL) is connected to a sensing unit (200, see FIG. 8) and can provide a characteristic change value of the sensing wire (SEL) to the sensing unit (200). The degree of stretching of the sensing wire (SEL) can be measured from a change in resistance, a change in capacitance, and / or a change in waveform for an electrical signal depending on the position of the sensing wire (SEL).

[0155] The sensing unit (200) can provide the strain measured by the sensing wire (SEL) to the compensation control unit (300, see FIG. 8), and the compensation control unit can provide a driving signal to the actuator (AT) to drive the actuator (AT) based on the strain.

[0156] Various wires may be arranged on the substrate (100). In FIG. 9, only some of the various wires are illustrated. A scan line (SL) and an actuator scan line (A_SL) may be provided to extend in the x direction. The scan line (SL) may be a wire that transmits a gate signal to a thin film transistor included in a pixel driver circuit unit (PC, see FIG. 4A, etc.). In addition, the scan line (SL) may perform the function of a sensing wire for detecting a position along the x direction. The actuator scan line (A_SL) may be connected to an actuator (AT) to transmit a first drive signal.

[0157] The sensing wire (SEL) can be arranged to extend in the y direction and pass through the pixel area (PXA). By measuring the characteristic change value of the sensing wire (SEL) in the area where the scan line (SL) and the sensing wire (SEL) intersect, the strain of the pixel area (PXA) can be measured. The data line (DL) can extend in the y direction and provide a data signal to a pixel driver circuit (PC) arranged in the pixel area (PXA). The number of data lines (DL) passing through the pixel area (PXA) can be determined according to the number of subpixels (SPX) arranged in the pixel area (PXA). In Fig. 9, three subpixels (SPX) are arranged in the pixel area (PXA), and thus three data lines (DL) can pass through.

[0158] A first actuator (AT1) and a second actuator (AT2) may be arranged side by side between two adjacent pixel areas (PXAs). The first actuator (AT1) may be a tensile actuator, and the second actuator may be a compressive actuator.

[0159] The first actuator (AT1) may be connected to a first drive signal line (AL1) extending in the y direction. The first drive signal line (AL1) may be a wire transmitting a tensile drive signal. The second actuator (AT2) may be connected to a second drive signal line (AL2) extending in the y direction. The second drive signal line (AL2) may be a wire transmitting a compression drive signal.

[0160] Although the drawing illustrates that two actuators (AT) are provided between two adjacent pixel areas (PXAs), the present invention is not limited thereto. Various modifications are possible, such as that only one actuator (AT) may be provided between two pixel areas (PXAs), or that three or more actuators (AT) may be provided between the two pixel areas (PXAs).

[0161] Fig. 10 is a drawing showing an example of an actuator that can be applied to this embodiment.

[0162] Referring to FIG. 10, the actuator (AT) may be a dielectric elastomer actuator (DEA). The actuator (AT) may include a first electrode layer (401), a second electrode layer (402), and an elastic layer (403) disposed between the first electrode layer (401) and the second electrode layer (402). The first electrode layer (401) and the second electrode layer (402) may be formed of a film having good electrical conductivity, such as a metal film such as copper, a conductive polymer, or a conductive carbon allotrope (or a conductive mixture mainly composed of carbon). The first electrode layer (401) and the second electrode layer (402) may be provided in a flat plate shape and may be disposed to face each other in parallel. The elastic layer (430) may be formed of a dielectric elastomer. The elastic layer (403) may be made of a flexible material such as an acrylic or silicone resin.

[0163] When a voltage (V0) is applied between the first electrode layer (401) and the second electrode layer (402), the distance between the first electrode layer (401) and the second electrode layer (402) becomes closer from the first distance (d1) to the second distance (d2) smaller than the first distance (d1) due to electrostatic attraction, and the elastic layer (403) can expand from the first width (w1) to the second width (w2) in the plane direction of the first electrode layer (401) and the second electrode layer (402) together with the first electrode layer (401) and the second electrode layer (402).

[0164] The second distance (d2) by which the elastic layer (403) contracts and the second width (w2) by which it expands may vary depending on the magnitude of the voltage (V0). The elastic layer (403) contracts in the direction in which the first electrode layer (401) and the second electrode layer (402) face each other, and expands in the direction in which the first electrode layer (401) and the second electrode layer (402) are parallel. Therefore, depending on the direction in which the actuator (AT) is arranged, the actuator may be a compression actuator or a tensile actuator.

[0165] In Fig. 10, the actuator (AT) is illustrated as including one elastic layer, but the actuator (AT) may include multiple elastic layers between the first electrode layer (401) and the second electrode layer (402). For example, the actuator (AT) may be provided by laminating first electrode layer (401) / elastic layer / conductive layer / elastic layer / second electrode layer (402).

[0166] FIGS. 11A to 11C are schematic cross-sectional views of a portion of a display device according to embodiments of the present invention.

[0167] Referring to FIG. 11A, a display area (DA) of a display device according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a pixel area (PXA) and a non-pixel area (NPAX). A pixel driving circuit unit (PC) and a light emitting element (LED) may be arranged in the pixel area (PXA), and an actuator (AT) may be arranged in the non-pixel area (NPXA). The pixel driving circuit unit (PC) may include at least one thin film transistor (TFT) and a storage capacitor (Cst).

[0168] First, let's look at the configurations placed in the pixel area (PXA) in the stacking order.

[0169] The substrate (100) may be formed of a flexible material. For example, the substrate (100) may be formed of a material that can be bent, curved, folded, or rolled. The substrate (100) may include a polymer resin such as polyethersulfone, polyarylate, polyether imide, polyethylene naphthalate, polyethylene terephthalate, polyphenylene sulfide, polyimide, polycarbonate, cellulose triacetate, or cellulose acetate propionate. In one embodiment, the substrate (100) may be a single layer including the aforementioned polymer resin. In another embodiment, the substrate (100) may be a multilayer structure including a base layer including the aforementioned polymer resin and a barrier layer including an inorganic insulating material.

[0170] A buffer layer (201) may be formed on the pixel area (PXA) of the substrate (100) to prevent impurities from penetrating into the semiconductor layer (Act) of the thin film transistor (TFT). The buffer layer (201) may include an inorganic insulating material such as silicon oxide, silicon nitride, or silicon oxynitride, and may be a single layer or multilayer including the aforementioned inorganic insulating material.

[0171] A pixel driving circuit (PC) may be arranged on the buffer layer (201). The pixel driving circuit (PC) includes a thin film transistor (TFT) and a storage capacitor (Cst). The thin film transistor (TFT) may include a semiconductor layer (Act), a gate electrode (GE), a source electrode (SE), and a drain electrode (DE). In the present embodiment, a top gate type in which the gate electrode (GE) is arranged on the semiconductor layer (Act) with the gate insulating layer (203) in the middle is illustrated, but according to another embodiment, the thin film transistor (TFT) may be a bottom gate type.

[0172] The semiconductor layer (Act) may include polysilicon. Alternatively, the semiconductor layer (Act) may include amorphous silicon, an oxide semiconductor, an organic semiconductor, or the like. The gate electrode (GE) may include a low-resistance metal material. The gate electrode (GE) may include a conductive material including molybdenum (Mo), aluminum (Al), copper (Cu), titanium (Ti), or the like, and may be formed as a multilayer or single layer including the above materials.

[0173] The gate insulating layer (203) between the semiconductor layer (Act) and the gate electrode (GE) may include an inorganic insulating material such as silicon oxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, tantalum oxide, hafnium oxide, etc. The gate insulating layer (203) may be a single layer or a multilayer including the above-mentioned material.

[0174] The source electrode (SE) and the drain electrode (DE) may include a material having good conductivity. The source electrode (SE) and the drain electrode (DE) may include a conductive material including molybdenum (Mo), aluminum (Al), copper (Cu), titanium (Ti), etc., and may be formed as a multilayer or single layer including the above materials. In one embodiment, the source electrode (SE) and the drain electrode (DE) may be formed as a multilayer of Ti / Al / Ti.

[0175] In addition, the source electrode (SE) and the drain electrode (DE) may be formed of a stretchable material. For example, the source electrode (SE) and the drain electrode (DE) may be formed of a liquid metal or a rubber material mixed with the liquid metal. Alternatively, the source electrode (SE) and the drain electrode (DE) may include nanoparticles, nanoflakes, nanowires, etc. of gold, silver, copper, etc. In some embodiments, the source electrode (SE) and the drain electrode (DE) may be formed of a rubber material mixed with a nanostructure made of gold, silver, copper, etc. Alternatively, the source electrode (SE) and the drain electrode (DE) may be formed of a carbon nanotube or graphene. Alternatively, the source electrode (SE) and the drain electrode (DE) may be formed of a carbon-based nanostructure mixed with a rubber material.

[0176] The storage capacitor (Cst) includes a lower electrode (CE1) and an upper electrode (CE2) that overlap with a first interlayer insulating layer (205) therebetween. The storage capacitor (Cst) may overlap with a thin film transistor (TFT). In this regard, FIG. 11A illustrates that the gate electrode (GE) of the thin film transistor (TFT) is the lower electrode (CE1) of the storage capacitor (Cst). In another embodiment, the storage capacitor (Cst) may not overlap with the thin film transistor (TFT). The storage capacitor (Cst) may be covered with a second interlayer insulating layer (207).

[0177] The first and second interlayer insulating layers (205, 207) may include an inorganic insulating material such as silicon oxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, tantalum oxide, or hafnium oxide. The first and second interlayer insulating layers (205, 207) may be a single layer or multiple layers including the aforementioned materials. A data line (DL) may be arranged on the second interlayer insulating layer (207). The data line (DL) may be formed of the same material as the source electrode (SE) and the drain electrode (DE).

[0178] A pixel driving circuit (PC) including a thin film transistor (TFT) and a storage capacitor (Cst) may be covered with a planarization layer (209). The planarization layer (209) may include an organic insulating material such as a general-purpose polymer such as polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) or polystylene (PS), a polymer derivative having a phenolic group, an acrylic polymer, an imide polymer, an aryl ether polymer, an amide polymer, a fluorinated polymer, a p-xylene polymer, a vinyl alcohol polymer, and a blend thereof. In one embodiment, the planarization layer (209) may include polyimide.

[0179] In some embodiments, the planarization layer (209) may include a structure in which a first planarization layer (209a) and a second planarization layer (209b) are laminated. Since the planarization layer (209) has a structure in which the first planarization layer (209a) and the second planarization layer (209b) are laminated, a conductive layer such as a connection electrode (CM) can be placed between the first planarization layer (209a) and the second planarization layer (209b), thereby realizing high integration.

[0180] The connecting electrode (CM) is disposed on the first planarization layer (209a) and can be connected to the drain electrode (DE) of the thin film transistor (TFT) through a contact hole defined in the first planarization layer (209a). The connecting electrode (CM) can be connected to a light-emitting element (LED) disposed on the second planarization layer (209b) and can serve as a medium connecting the light-emitting element (LED) and the thin film transistor (TFT).

[0181] A light-emitting element (LED) may be placed on the planarization layer (209). The light-emitting element (LED) may be an organic light-emitting diode or an inorganic light-emitting diode as described with reference to FIGS. 5a to 5c.

[0182] A sensing wire (SEL) may be arranged in the pixel area (PXA). The sensing wire (SEL) may include a first sensing wire (SEL1) arranged in the same layer as the gate electrode (GE), a second sensing wire (SEL2) arranged in the same layer as the upper electrode (CE2) of the storage capacitor (Cst), a third sensing wire (SEL3) arranged in the same layer as the data line (DL), and / or a fourth sensing wire (SEL4) arranged in the same layer as the connection electrode (CM). The sensing wire (SEL) may be provided as one of the first to fourth sensing wires (SEL1 to 4), or may be provided as two or more in various combinations. For example, the sensing wire (SEL) may be provided by connecting a third sensing wire (SEL3) disposed on a second interlayer insulating layer (207) that is the same layer as the data line (DL) and a fourth sensing wire (SEL4) disposed on a first planarization layer (209a) through a contact hole. In some embodiments, the fourth sensing wire (SEL4) may extend to a non-pixel area (NPAX).

[0183] In the non-pixel area (NPXA) of the substrate (100), wirings (WL) for supplying various signals and / or voltages to an actuator (AT) for tension and / or compression and a pixel driving circuit (PC) arranged in the pixel area (PXA) can be arranged.

[0184] Meanwhile, if the buffer layer (201), the gate insulating layer (203), the first interlayer insulating layer (205), and the second interlayer insulating layer (207) arranged in the pixel area (PXA) are referred to as an inorganic layer (IL), the inorganic layer (IL) may have an opening (OP) corresponding to the non-pixel area (NPXA). That is, the inorganic layer (IL) may be removed from the non-pixel area (NPXA). This may be to reduce the modulus of the non-pixel area (NPXA). Accordingly, the modulus of the non-pixel area (NPXA) may be provided to be smaller than the modulus of the pixel area (PXA).

[0185] An organic layer (202) may be disposed in the opening (OP) of the inorganic layer (IL). Since the organic layer (202) has a lower hardness than the inorganic layer, the non-pixel area (NPXA) can be easily stretched or compressed. In addition, since the organic layer (202) is disposed below the first wiring (WL1), it can play a role in preventing a height difference from occurring when the first wiring (WL1) extends to the pixel area (PXA).

[0186] The organic layer (202) may be formed of an organic insulating material such as polyimide, polyamide, acrylic resin, benzocyclobutene, HMDSO (hexamethyldisiloxane), and phenol resin. The organic layer (202) may be formed of a single layer or multilayer structure of such organic insulating material.

[0187] An actuator (AT) and a first wiring (WL1) may be arranged on the organic layer (202). The actuator (AT) may include a first actuator (AT1) and a second actuator (AT2). The first actuator (AT1) may be a tensile actuator, and the second actuator (AT2) may be a compressive actuator.

[0188] In one embodiment, the first actuator (AT1) and the second actuator (AT2) may be dielectric elastic actuators. In this case, the first actuator (AT1) and the second actuator (AT2) may be provided with different mounting directions. The first actuator (AT1) may be mounted with a wide surface of the electrode layer parallel to the upper surface of the substrate. The second actuator (AT2) may be mounted with a wide surface of the electrode layer perpendicular to the upper surface of the substrate. That is, the electrode layer and the elastic layer of the second actuator (AT2) may be arranged to be in contact with the organic layer (202).

[0189] The first wiring (WL1) may be a wiring that transmits an electrical signal or a constant voltage to the pixel driver circuit (PC). Alternatively, the first wiring (WL1) may be a sensing wiring. Alternatively, the first wiring (WL1) may be a wiring that transmits a signal or a voltage to the actuator (AT). The first wiring (WL1) may be electrically connected to wirings arranged in the pixel area (PXA). The first wiring (WL1) may be formed of a stretchable material, for example, may be formed of a highly ductile metal material. In some embodiments, the first wiring (WL1) may be formed of a liquid metal, or a rubber material mixed with the liquid metal. In some embodiments, the first wiring (WL1) may include nanoparticles, nanoflakes, or nanowires of gold, silver, copper, or the like. In some embodiments, the first wiring (WL1) may be formed by mixing a rubber material with a nanostructure made of gold, silver, copper, etc. Alternatively, the first wiring (WL1) may be formed of carbon nanotubes or graphene. The first wiring (WL1) may be formed by mixing a rubber material with a carbon-based nanostructure.

[0190] The first actuator (AT1) and the second actuator (AT2) can be covered by the first planarization layer (209a). The first planarization layer (209a) can be disposed in both the pixel area (PXA) and the non-pixel area (NPXA). The first planarization layer (209a) can be formed on the entire surface of the substrate (100) after the first actuator (AT1) and the second actuator (AT2) are disposed on the organic layer (202).

[0191] A first driving signal line (AL1), a second driving signal line (AL2), and a second wiring (WL2) may be arranged on the first planarization layer (209a). The first driving signal line (AL1) may be connected to one electrode layer of the first actuator (AT1) through a contact hole. The second driving signal line (AL2) may be connected to one electrode layer of the second actuator (AT2) through a contact hole. The second wiring (WL2) may be a wiring that transmits an electrical signal or a constant voltage to the pixel driving circuit (PC). Alternatively, the second wiring (WL2) may be a sensing wiring. The second wiring (WL2) may be electrically connected to wirings arranged in the pixel area (PXA). The second wiring (WL2) may be formed of a flexible material, for example, may be formed of a highly ductile metal material. In some embodiments, the second wiring (WL2) may be formed by mixing liquid metal with a rubber material. In some embodiments, the second wiring (WL2) may include nanoparticles, nanoflakes, nanowires, etc. of gold, silver, copper, etc. In some embodiments, the second wiring (WL2) may be formed by mixing a rubber material with a nanostructure made of gold, silver, copper, etc. Alternatively, the second wiring (WL2) may be formed by mixing a carbon nanotube or graphene with a rubber material. The second wiring (WL2) may be formed by mixing a carbon-based nanostructure with a rubber material.

[0192] The second planarization layer (209b) may not be disposed on the first driving signal line (AL1), the second driving signal line (AL2), and the second wiring line (WL2). However, this is not limited thereto. The second planarization layer (209b) extending from the pixel area (PXA) may be disposed on the first driving signal line (AL1), the second driving signal line (AL2), and the second wiring line (WL2).

[0193] In FIG. 11a, a first planarization layer (209a) having the same overall properties in the pixel area (PXA) and the non-pixel area (NPXA) is illustrated as covering the first actuator (AT1) and the second actuator (AT2), but the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0194] As shown in Fig. 11b, the first planarization layer may be provided with a first-first planarization layer (209a') corresponding to the pixel area (PXA) and a first-second planarization layer (209a'') corresponding to the non-pixel area (NPXA). The first-first planarization layer (209a') and the first-second planarization layer (209a'') may be provided on the same layer, but may have different moduli. The modulus of the first-first planarization layer (209a') may be provided to be greater than the modulus of the first-second planarization layer (209a''). The first-first planarization layer (209a') may be formed by applying a pre-planarization layer made of an organic insulating material to the entire pixel area (PXA) and the non-pixel area (NPXA), and then locally applying energy, such as ultraviolet irradiation, to the pixel area (PXA). Accordingly, the modulus of the 1-1 flattening layer (209a') can be set to be greater than the modulus of the 1-2 flattening layer (209a'').

[0195] Alternatively, as in Fig. 11c, the first planarization layer (209a) may be disposed only on the pixel area (PXA) and not on the first actuator (AT1) and the second actuator (AT2). In this case, the first planarization layer (209a) may be formed of a material that can be locally cured.

[0196] In some embodiments, a protective layer (209') having a lower modulus than the first planarization layer (209a) may be disposed in the non-pixel area (NPXA). In some embodiments, the protective layer (209') may not be disposed. By not disposing the first planarization layer (209a) in the non-pixel area (NPXA), the modulus of the non-pixel area (NPAX) may be made smaller than the modulus of the pixel area (PXA).

[0197] The display device according to the present embodiments has an actuator (AT) in a non-pixel area (NPXA) between a plurality of pixel areas (PXA), so that even if an undesired deformation occurs, the display area of ​​the display device can be corrected according to a preset strain distribution.

[0198] The display device (1) according to the above-described embodiments can be used in various electronic devices capable of providing images. Here, the term "electronic device" refers to a device that uses electricity and can provide a predetermined image.

[0199] FIGS. 12A to 12G are perspective views schematically illustrating embodiments of an electronic device including a display device according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0200] Referring to FIG. 12A, a display device according to an embodiment of the present invention may be utilized in a wearable electronic device (3100) that can be worn on a part of a user's body. The wearable electronic device (3100) may include a body portion (3110) and a display portion (3120) provided on the body portion (3110). The display device according to embodiments of the present invention may be utilized as the display portion (3120) of the wearable electronic device (3100). As illustrated in FIG. 12A, the wearable electronic device (3100) may be deformable. In one embodiment, it may be utilized as a smart watch or a smartphone, depending on the user's selection.

[0201] FIG. 12B illustrates a medical electronic device (3200). In one embodiment, the medical electronic device (3200) may include a body portion (3210) and a light-emitting portion (3220). A display device according to embodiments of the present invention may be used as the light-emitting portion (3220) of the medical electronic device (3200). The light-emitting portion (3220) may emit light of a certain wavelength band (e.g., infrared, visible light, etc.) to the patient's body. In one embodiment, the body portion (3210) may have a stretchable fiber material and may have a structure that allows the light-emitting portion to be worn on the body of a user.

[0202] FIG. 12C illustrates an educational electronic device (3300). In one embodiment, the educational electronic device may include a display unit (3320) provided within a frame (3310). The display unit (3320) may utilize a display device according to embodiments of the present invention. The display unit (3320) may provide an image such as a sea with crashing waves, a snow-covered mountain, or a volcano with flowing lava, wherein the display unit (3320) may expand in the height direction (e.g., the z direction) to reflect the height of the wave, mountain, or volcano. In some embodiments, a portion of the display unit (3320) may sequentially vary in height along the direction of flowing lava to display the movement of lava in three dimensions. The educational electronic device (3300) may include a plurality of pins (or stroke units, 3330) arranged on the back surface of the display unit (3320) so that the display unit (3320) expands in the height direction. The pins (3330) can be implemented to move along a third direction (e.g., the z direction or the -z direction) so that the image displayed on the display unit (3320) has a three-dimensional height. Fig. 12c describes an educational electronic device (3300), but its use is not limited to providing certain image information.

[0203] While the electronic devices illustrated in FIGS. 12A through 12C are described as electronic devices whose shapes can be varied, the present invention is not limited thereto. As described in the embodiments below, display devices according to embodiments of the present invention can be used in electronic devices in which a portion capable of displaying an image (e.g., a screen) is fixed.

[0204] FIG. 12D illustrates a robot (3400) as another electronic device according to one embodiment of the present invention. The robot (3400) can recognize movement or objects using a camera unit (3440) and display a predetermined image to a user through a display unit (3420, 3430). In some embodiments, since the display devices according to one embodiment of the present invention can extend in various directions as described above, they can be assembled into a body frame having a hemispherical shape, and thus the robot (3400) can include a hemispherical display unit (3420, 3430).

[0205] FIG. 12E illustrates a vehicle display device (3500) as another electronic device according to one embodiment of the present invention. The vehicle display device (3500) may include a cluster (3510), a center information display (CID) (3520), and / or a co-driver display. Since the display device according to the embodiment of the present invention can be extended in various directions, it may be used in the cluster (3510), the center information display (CID) (3520), and / or the co-driver display regardless of the shape of the internal frame of the vehicle.

[0206] Although FIG. 12e illustrates that the cluster (3510), the Center Information Display (CID) (3520), and / or the co-driver display are each separate, the present invention is not limited thereto. In another embodiment, two or more selected from the cluster (3510), the Center Information Display (CID) (3520), and the co-driver display may be connected as one unit.

[0207] In some embodiments, a vehicle display device (3500) may include a button (3540) capable of displaying a predetermined image. Referring to the enlarged view of FIG. 12E, the hemispherical button (3540) may include an object (3542) that provides a button usability by moving in the z-direction or -z-direction, and a display device positioned on the object (3542). In some embodiments, when the object (3542) has a three-dimensionally rounded surface, the display device may also have a three-dimensionally rounded surface.

[0208] FIG. 12F illustrates an electronic device according to one embodiment of the present invention, which is an electronic device (3600) for advertising or display purposes. In some embodiments, the electronic device (3600) for advertising or display purposes may be installed on a fixed structure (3610), such as a wall or pillar. If the structure (3610) includes a recessed surface as illustrated in FIG. 12F, the electronic device (3600) for advertising or display purposes may also be positioned along the recessed surface of the structure (3610). In some embodiments, the electronic device (3600) for advertising or display purposes may be installed on the structure (3610) using a heat shrink film or the like.

[0209] FIG. 12G illustrates an electronic device according to one embodiment of the present invention as a controller (3700). The controller (3700) may include image-type buttons. For example, the controller (3700) may include first to third button areas (3720, 3730, 3740) in which a portion of the display unit (3710) protrudes in the z direction or protrudes in the -z direction (or is sunken in the z direction). In some embodiments, the first and third button areas (3720, 3740) may protrude in the z direction, and the second button area (3730) may protrude in the -z direction (or is sunken in the z direction).

[0210] While the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments illustrated in the drawings, these are merely exemplary, and those skilled in the art will appreciate that various modifications and variations of the embodiments are possible. Therefore, the true scope of technical protection of the present invention should be determined by the technical spirit of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A substrate including a plurality of light-emitting regions and a non-light-emitting region disposed between the plurality of light-emitting regions; At least one light emitting element arranged in each of the plurality of light emitting regions; Sensing wiring passing through the above-described plurality of non-luminous regions; At least one actuator disposed in the non-luminous region; A sensing unit that senses the strain of the substrate from the sensing wiring; and A display device including a compensation control unit that drives the above actuator.

2. In paragraph 1, A display device, wherein the strain of the substrate is measured from at least one of a change in resistance of the sensing wire, a change in capacitance, and a change in waveform according to an electrical signal.

3. In paragraph 1, The above sensing unit, A memory unit for storing reference values ​​of the characteristics of the sensing wire; and A display device, comprising a sensing circuit that calculates a strain by comparing a reference value stored in the memory unit with the characteristics of the sensing wire.

4. In paragraph 1, The above correction control unit, A correction circuit that generates a correction value by comparing the average strain of the plurality of light-emitting regions with the strain of each of the plurality of light-emitting regions; and A display device, comprising: an actuator circuit that generates a driving signal for driving the actuator based on the above correction value.

5. In paragraph 1, A display device in which the modulus of the non-luminous region is smaller than the modulus of the luminous region.

6. In paragraph 1, A display device, wherein said at least one actuator comprises a first actuator and a second actuator, wherein said first actuator is a tensile actuator and said second actuator is a compression actuator.

7. In paragraph 1, A display device, wherein at least one actuator is a soft actuator.

8. In paragraph 1, A display device, wherein at least one actuator is a dielectric elastic actuator comprising a first electrode layer, an elastic layer, and a second electrode layer.

9. In paragraph 1, Further comprising a scan line extending in the first direction and passing through the plurality of light-emitting areas; A display device in which the sensing wire extends in a second direction intersecting the first direction.

10. In paragraph 1, A display device, wherein the above light-emitting element is an organic light-emitting diode or an inorganic light-emitting diode.

11. A substrate including a plurality of light-emitting regions and a non-pixel region disposed between the plurality of light-emitting regions; At least one light emitting element arranged in each of the plurality of light emitting regions; A scan line extending in the first direction and passing through the plurality of light-emitting areas; A sensing wire extending in a second direction intersecting the first direction and passing through the plurality of non-luminous regions; and It includes a first actuator and a second actuator arranged in the above non-luminous region; A display device, wherein the first actuator is a tensile actuator and the second actuator is a compression actuator.

12. In paragraph 11, A display device in which the modulus of the non-luminous region is smaller than the modulus of the luminous region.

13. In paragraph 11, Further comprising an inorganic insulating layer disposed between the substrate and the at least one light emitting element; A display device in which the above-mentioned inorganic insulating layer has an opening corresponding to the above-mentioned non-luminous area.

14. In paragraph 13, A display device in which an organic layer is disposed in the opening of the above-mentioned inorganic insulating layer.

15. In paragraph 11, A display device wherein the first actuator and the second actuator are arranged along the first direction between adjacent light-emitting regions.

16. In paragraph 11, A display device, wherein the first actuator and the second actuator are dielectric elastic actuators, each including a first electrode layer, an elastic layer, and a second electrode layer.

17. In paragraph 11, A sensing unit that senses the strain of the substrate from the sensing wiring; and A display device further comprising a compensation control unit for driving the actuator.

18. In paragraph 17, A display device, wherein the strain of the substrate is measured from at least one of a change in resistance of the sensing wire, a change in capacitance, and a change in waveform according to an electrical signal.

19. In paragraph 17, The above sensing unit, A memory unit for storing reference values ​​of the characteristics of the sensing wire; and A display device, comprising a sensing circuit that calculates a strain by comparing a reference value stored in the memory unit with the characteristics of the sensing wire.

20. In paragraph 17, The above correction control unit, A correction circuit that generates a correction value by comparing the average strain of the plurality of light-emitting regions with the strain of each of the plurality of light-emitting regions; and A display device, comprising: an actuator circuit that generates a driving signal for driving the actuator based on the above correction value.

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