Devices and methods for communication
By exchanging FEC ratio information and performing PDU discarding based on FEC ratio and transmission information, the solution optimizes RAN scheduler decisions and reduces congestion in XR services, ensuring reliable data transmission.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/090196
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-04-26
- Publication Date
- 2025-10-30
AI Technical Summary
Existing communication technologies in extended reality (XR) lack effective methods for handling forward error correction (FEC) information and PDU set quality of service (QoS) enhancements, particularly in optimizing RAN scheduler decisions and traffic mapping to QoS flows.
Implementing network devices that exchange FEC ratio information and perform PDU discarding based on FEC ratio and transmission information, using network exposure function (NEF), policy control function (PCF), and session management function (SMF) to optimize RAN scheduler decisions and reduce congestion.
Enhances FEC-based PDU set handling, optimizing RAN scheduler decisions and minimizing congestion by discarding unnecessary PDUs, ensuring reliable data transmission in XR services.
Smart Images

Figure CN2024090196_30102025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
DEVICES AND METHODS FOR COMMUNICATION
[0001] FIELDS
[0002] Example embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to the field of communication techniques and in particular, to devices and methods for forward error correction (FEC) information for extended reality (XR) .BACKGROUND
[0003] With continuous developments of technologies in the field of communication, extended reality (XR) is wildly used in the field of communication. XR technology includes augmented reality (AR) , virtual reality (VR) , mixed reality (MR) , which uses hardware devices combined with a variety of technical means to integrate virtual content with real scenes. In communication, for transmissions of application layer data (e.g. protocol data unit (PDU) set) , the application may not require all the PDUs within a PDU Set thus content ratio could be considered as part of the study. Thus, it is worth studying PDU set related information (e.g., FEC) and PDU set QoS handling enhancements.SUMMARY
[0004] In general, embodiments of the present disclosure provide a solution on forward error correction (FEC) information and / or FEC based PDU set handling.
[0005] In a first aspect, there is provided a first network device. The first network device comprises: a processor, configured to cause the first network device to: receive, from a second network device, forward error correction (FEC) ratio information; and perform a discarding on one or more protocol data units (PDUs) in a PDU set based on the FEC ratio information and transmission information of the PDU set.
[0006] In a second aspect, there is provided a second network device. The second network device comprises: a processor, configured to cause the second network device to: transmit, to a first network device, forward error correction (FEC) ratio information, wherein the FEC ratio information is transmitted to the first network device via at least one of: a network exposure function (NEF) , a policy control function (PCF) , a session management function (SMF) .
[0007] In a third aspect, there is provided a first network device. The first network device comprises: a processor, configured to cause the first network device to: transmit, to a second network device, first forward error correction (FEC) information of the first network device, the first FEC information indicating at least one of: whether the first network device supporting an FEC based protocol data unit (PDU) set handling, a supported granularity for FEC based PDU set handling, an FEC parameter, or an FEC index corresponding to the FEC parameter.
[0008] In a fourth aspect, there is provided a second network device. The second network device comprises: a processor, configured to cause the second network device to: receive, from a first network device, first forward error correction (FEC) information of the first network device, the first FEC information indicating at least one of: whether the first network device supporting an FEC based protocol data unit (PDU) set handling, a supported granularity for FEC based PDU set handling, an FEC parameter, or an FEC index corresponding to the FEC parameter.
[0009] In a fifth aspect, there is provided a communication method performed by a first network device. The method comprises: receiving, from a second network device, forward error correction (FEC) ratio information; and performing a discarding on one or more protocol data units (PDUs) in a PDU set based on the FEC ratio information and transmission information of the PDU set.
[0010] In a sixth aspect, there is provided a communication method performed by a second network device. The method comprises: transmitting, to a first network device, forward error correction (FEC) ratio information, wherein the FEC ratio information is transmitted to the first network device via at least one of: a network exposure function (NEF) , a policy control function (PCF) , a session management function (SMF) .
[0011] In a seventh aspect, there is provided a communication method performed by a first network device. The method comprises: transmitting, to a second network device, first forward error correction (FEC) information of the first network device, the first FEC information indicating at least one of: whether the first network device supporting an FEC based protocol data unit (PDU) set handling, a supported granularity for FEC based PDU set handling, an FEC parameter, or an FEC index corresponding to the FEC parameter.
[0012] In an eighth aspect, there is provided a communication method performed by a second network device. The method comprises: receiving, from a first network device, first forward error correction (FEC) information of the first network device, the first FEC information indicating at least one of: whether the first network device supporting an FEC based protocol data unit (PDU) set handling, a supported granularity for FEC based PDU set handling, an FEC parameter, or an FEC index corresponding to the FEC parameter.
[0013] In a ninth aspect, there is provided a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to carry out the method according to the fifth, sixth, seventh, or eighth aspect.
[0014] Other features of the present disclosure will become easily comprehensible through the following description.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0015] Through the more detailed description of some example embodiments of the present disclosure in the accompanying drawings, the above and other objects, features and advantages of the present disclosure will become more apparent, wherein:
[0016] FIG. 1 illustrates an example communication environment in which example embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented;
[0017] FIG. 2 illustrates a signaling flow of exchanging FEC ratio information in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0018] FIG. 3 illustrates a signaling flow of exchanging FEC ratio information in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0019] FIG. 4 illustrates a signaling flow of exchanging FEC information in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0020] FIG. 5 illustrates a signaling flow of exchanging FEC information in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0021] FIG. 6 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method implemented at a first network device according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0022] FIG. 7 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method implemented at a second network device according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0023] FIG. 8 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method implemented at a first network device according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0024] FIG. 9 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method implemented at a second network device according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure; and
[0025] FIG. 10 illustrates a simplified block diagram of an apparatus that is suitable for implementing example embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0026] Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar element.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0027] Principle of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some example embodiments. It is to be understood that these embodiments are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitation as to the scope of the disclosure. Embodiments described herein can be implemented in various manners other than the ones described below.
[0028] In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
[0029] As used herein, the term ‘terminal device’ refers to any device having wireless or wired communication capabilities. Examples of the terminal device include, but not limited to, user equipment (UE) , personal computers, desktops, mobile phones, cellular phones, smart phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs) , portable computers, tablets, wearable devices, internet of things (IoT) devices, Ultra-reliable and Low Latency Communications (URLLC) devices, Internet of Everything (IoE) devices, machine type communication (MTC) devices, devices on vehicle for V2X communication where X means pedestrian, vehicle, or infrastructure / network, devices for Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) , Space borne vehicles or Air borne vehicles in Non-terrestrial networks (NTN) including Satellites and High Altitude Platforms (HAPs) encompassing Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) , extended Reality (XR) devices including different types of realities such as Augmented Reality (AR) , Mixed Reality (MR) and Virtual Reality (VR) , the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) commonly known as a drone which is an aircraft without any human pilot, devices on high speed train (HST) , or image capture devices such as digital cameras, sensors, gaming devices, music storage and playback appliances, or Internet appliances enabling wireless or wired Internet access and browsing and the like. The ‘terminal device’ can further has ‘multicast / broadcast’ feature, to support public safety and mission critical, V2X applications, transparent IPv4 / IPv6 multicast delivery, IPTV, smart TV, radio services, software delivery over wireless, group communications and IoT applications. It may also incorporate one or multiple Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) as known as Multi-SIM. The term “terminal device” can be used interchangeably with a UE, a mobile station, a subscriber station, a mobile terminal, a user terminal or a wireless device.
[0030] The term “network device” refers to a device which is capable of providing or hosting a cell or coverage where terminal devices can communicate. Examples of a network device include, but not limited to, a Node B (NodeB or NB) , an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a next generation NodeB (gNB) , a transmission reception point (TRP) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , a radio head (RH) , a remote radio head (RRH) , an IAB node, a low power node such as a femto node, a pico node, a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) , and the like.
[0031] The terminal device or the network device may have Artificial intelligence (AI) or Machine learning capability. It generally includes a model which has been trained from numerous collected data for a specific function, and can be used to predict some information.
[0032] The terminal or the network device may work on several frequency ranges, e.g., FR1 (e.g., 450 MHz to 6000 MHz) , FR2 (e.g., 24.25GHz to 52.6GHz) , frequency band larger than 100 GHz as well as Tera Hertz (THz) . It can further work on licensed / unlicensed / shared spectrum. The terminal device may have more than one connection with the network devices under Multi-Radio Dual Connectivity (MR-DC) application scenario. The terminal device or the network device can work on full duplex, flexible duplex and cross division duplex modes.
[0033] The embodiments of the present disclosure may be performed in test equipment, e.g., signal generator, signal analyzer, spectrum analyzer, network analyzer, test terminal device, test network device, channel emulator. In some embodiments, the terminal device may be connected with a first network device and a second network device. One of the first network device and the second network device may be a master node and the other one may be a secondary node. The first network device and the second network device may use different radio access technologies (RATs) . In some embodiments, the first network device may be a first RAT device and the second network device may be a second RAT device. In some embodiments, the first RAT device is eNB and the second RAT device is gNB. Information related with different RATs may be transmitted to the terminal device from at least one of the first network device or the second network device. In some embodiments, first information may be transmitted to the terminal device from the first network device and second information may be transmitted to the terminal device from the second network device directly or via the first network device. In some embodiments, information related with configuration for the terminal device configured by the second network device may be transmitted from the second network device via the first network device. Information related with reconfiguration for the terminal device configured by the second network device may be transmitted to the terminal device from the second network device directly or via the first network device.
[0034] As used herein, the singular forms ‘a’ , ‘an’ and ‘the’ are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The term ‘includes’ and its variants are to be read as open terms that mean ‘includes, but is not limited to. ’ The term ‘based on’ is to be read as ‘at least in part based on. ’ The term ‘one embodiment’ and ‘an embodiment’ are to be read as ‘at least one embodiment. ’ The term ‘another embodiment’ is to be read as ‘at least one other embodiment. ’ The terms ‘first, ’ ‘second, ’ and the like may refer to different or same objects. In some embodiments, the term “enabled” can be replaced by the term “supported” . Other definitions, explicit and implicit, may be included below.
[0035] In some examples, values, procedures, or apparatus are referred to as ‘best, ’ ‘lowest, ’ ‘highest, ’ ‘minimum, ’ ‘maximum, ’ or the like. It will be appreciated that such descriptions are intended to indicate that a selection among many used functional alternatives can be made, and such selections need not be better, smaller, higher, or otherwise preferable to other selections.
[0036] As used herein, the term “resource, ” “transmission resource, ” “uplink resource, ” or “downlink resource” may refer to any resource for performing a communication, such as a resource in time domain, a resource in frequency domain, a resource in space domain, a resource in code domain, or any other resource enabling a communication, and the like. In the following, unless explicitly stated, a resource in both frequency domain and time domain will be used as an example of a transmission resource for describing some example embodiments of the present disclosure. It is noted that example embodiments of the present disclosure are equally applicable to other resources in other domains.
[0037] As used herein, the term “protocol data unit (PDU) ” may refer to a unit of data that carries information. The term “data burst” may refer to a set of multiple PDUs generated and sent by the application in a short period of time. The term “PDU set” used herein may refer to one or more PDUs carrying the payload of one unit of information generated at the application level (e.g. frame (s) or video slice (s) for extended reality (XR) Services) . The term “PDU set integrated handling information (PSIHI) ” used herein may refer to information that indicates whether all PDUs of the PDU set are needed for the usage of PDU set by application layers.
[0038] The term “forward error correction (FEC) code” used herein may refer to an algorithm for encoding data such that the encoded data flow is resilient to data loss. Note that, in general, FEC codes may also be used to make a data flow resilient to corruption. The term “FEC framework” used herein may refer to delivery protocols using a protocol framework for the definition of content FEC. The term “FEC scheme” used herein may refer to a specification that defines the additional protocol aspects required to use a particular FEC code with the FEC framework. The term “application protocol” used herein may refer to control protocol used to establish and control the source flow being protected, e.g., the Real-Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP) . As used herein, the term “content delivery protocol (CDP) ” may refer to a complete application protocol specification that, through the use of the framework, is able to make use of FEC schemes to provide FEC capabilities.
[0039] The term “user plane function (UPF) ” used herein may refer to a component / entity is responsible for packet processing and traffic aggregation of user traffic. Since this functionality is decoupled from the control component, it can be placed closer to the network edge near the end user or device, increasing bandwidth efficiencies and resulting in higher data rates and lower latencies. The access and mobility management function (AMF) and session management function (SMF) are part of the control plane. AMF is responsible for handling connections and mobility management tasks while SMF handles session management. AMF receives connection and session-related info from the end devices, passing the session info to SMF, which establishes sessions by using UPF.
[0040] The term “policy control function (PCF) ” used herein may refer to a component / entity provides a framework for creating policies to be consumed by the other control plane network functions. Examples include policies for QoS, network slicing management, and subscribers, applications, and network resources management. The term “network repository function (NRF) ” used herein may refer to a component / entity that is used by AMF to select the correct SMF out of the available pool.
[0041] The term “network exposure function (NEF) ” used herein may refer to a component / entity that exposes 5G services and resources so third-party apps can more securely access 5G services. The term “application function (AF) ” used herein may refer to an entity that exposes an application layer for interacting with 5G network resources, retrieving resource info from PCF and exposing them.
[0042] In some solutions, information about Application Layer Forward Error Correction is one example of information that can be provided by the application function (AF) / access stratum (AS) . If the AF / AS provides the network with information about Application Layer Forward Error Correction, it may be possible to optimize radio access network (RAN) scheduler decisions and optimize decisions related to how traffic is mapped to QoS Flows. However, it is not clear how to inform FEC ratio to the RAN node. Further, the AF and RAN may not know the granularity of FEC being applied and whether FEC operation is applicable to all packets.
[0043] Principles and implementations of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the figures. It is noted that embodiments described with reference to the drawings can be applicable to any suitable scenario. For example the embodiments can be applied in the scenario of XR services.
[0044] FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic diagram of an example communication environment 100 in which example embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented. In the communication environment 100, a plurality of communication devices, including a terminal device 130 and a network device 110 which is a RAN device, can communicate with each other. In the example of FIG. 1, the terminal device 130 may be a UE and the network device 110 may be a base station serving the UE. The serving area of the network device 110 may be called a cell 102.
[0045] The communication environment 100 also includes a network device 120 which is a core network device. For example, the network device 120 may be an AF entity. It is noted that one or more other network devices are omitted in FIG. 1. It is noted that the communication environment 100 may also include one or more other network devices, such as, session management function (SMF) , policy control function (PCF) , user plane function (UPF) , network exposure function (NEF) and the like.
[0046] It is to be understood that the number of devices and their connections shown in FIG. 1 are only for the purpose of illustration without suggesting any limitation. The communication environment 100 may include any suitable number of devices configured to implementing example embodiments of the present disclosure. Although not shown, it would be appreciated that one or more additional devices may be located in the cell 102, and one or more additional cells may be deployed in the communication environment 100. It is noted that although illustrated as a network device, the network device 110 may be another device than a network device. Although illustrated as a terminal device, the terminal device 130 may be other device than a terminal device.
[0047] In the following, for the purpose of illustration, some example embodiments are described with the terminal device 130 operating as a UE and the network device 110 operating as a base station. However, in some example embodiments, operations described in connection with a terminal device may be implemented at a network device or other device, and operations described in connection with a network device may be implemented at a terminal device or other device.
[0048] In some example embodiments, if the terminal device 130 is a terminal device and the network device 110 is a network device, a link from the network device 110 to the terminal device 130 is referred to as a downlink (DL) , while a link from the terminal device 130 to the network device 110 is referred to as an uplink (UL) . In DL, the network device 110 is a transmitting (TX) device (or a transmitter) and the terminal device 130 is a receiving (RX) device (or a receiver) . In UL, the terminal device 130 is a TX device (or a transmitter) and the network device 110 is a RX device (or a receiver) .
[0049] The communications in the communication environment 100 may conform to any suitable standards including, but not limited to, Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) , Long Term Evolution (LTE) , LTE-Evolution, LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) , New Radio (NR) , Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) , Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) , GSM EDGE Radio Access Network (GERAN) , Machine Type Communication (MTC) and the like. The embodiments of the present disclosure may be performed according to any generation communication protocols either currently known or to be developed in the future. Examples of the communication protocols include, but not limited to, the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , 2.5G, 2.75G, the third generation (3G) , the fourth generation (4G) , 4.5G, the fifth generation (5G) communication protocols, 5.5G, 5G-Advanced networks, or the sixth generation (6G) networks.
[0050] Reference is made to FIG. 2, which illustrates a signaling flow 200 of exchanging FEC ratio information in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purposes of discussion, the signaling flow 200 will be discussed with reference to FIG. 1, for example, by using the network device 120 and the network device 110. It is noted that example embodiments described with reference to FIG. 2 can be applicable to XR services. For example, the FEC based PDU set handling described with reference to FIG. 2 can be applied in the scenario of XR services.
[0051] The network device 120 transmits (2010) FEC ratio information to the network device 110. In other words, the network device 110 receives the FEC ratio information from the network device 120. The FEC ratio information can be used for FEC based PDU set handling. In some embodiments, the FEC ratio information may include one or more of: a common FEC ratio for all PDU set, a mapping relationship between QoS flow and FEC ratio, a mapping relationship between PDU session and FEC ratio, a mapping relationship between PSI and FEC ratio, the FEC ratio, or FEC enable information.
[0052] The network device 110 performs (2020) a discarding on one or more PDUs in a PDU set based on the FEC ratio information and transmission information of the PDU set. In this way, it can optimize RAN scheduler decisions and optimize decisions related to how traffic is mapped to QoS Flows.
[0053] In some embodiments, if a percentage of correctly delivered bits in the PDU set exceeds a threshold value in the FEC ratio information, the network device 110 may perform the discarding the one or more PDUs in the PDU set. For example, the network device 110 may discard the one or more PDUs that have not transmitted or have not been successfully transmitted. By way of example, the network device 110 may check the FEC ratio information to determine that the threshold is x%, where x can be any suitable number. In this case, ifx%of bits of the PDU set is delivered correctly, the network device 110 may discard the PDUs that have not been transmitted or have not been successfully transmitted.
[0054] In some embodiments, the network device 110 may obtain PDU set information which is included in a general packet radio service (GPRS) Tunneling protocol (GTP) user header. For example, the PDU set information may include a PDU importance in the PDU set. Alternatively, or in addition, the PDU set information may include an identity of most important PDU in the PDU set. In some embodiments, the most important PDU may be a key PDU in the PDU set. For example, the key PDU in PDU set may be I frame. The PDU set information may also include an FEC ratio for the PDU set. In some embodiments, the PDU set information may also include one or more of: a PDU set sequence number, an indication of end PDU set of the PDU set, a PDU sequence number within the PDU set, a PDU set size, or a PDU set importance which identifies the relative importance of a PDU Set compared to other PDU Sets within a QoS Flow. In this case, the network device 110 may perform the discarding based on the PDU set information.
[0055] In some embodiments, if PDUs with importance higher than an importance threshold are successfully delivered and / or a percentage of correctly delivered bits in the PDU set exceeds a threshold value in the FEC ratio information, the network device 110 may discard the one or more PDUs that have not transmitted or have not been successfully transmitted. For example, if all PDUs with importance higher than the threshold is delivered correctly and x%of the bits of the PDU Set is delivered correctly, the network device 110 may perform the discarding, the network device 110 may discard the one or more PDUs that have not transmitted or have not been successfully transmitted. Alternatively, if a number of PDUs with top importance are delivered and / or a percentage of correctly delivered bits in the PDU set exceeds a threshold value in the FEC ratio information, the network device 110 may discard the one or more PDUs that have not transmitted or have not been successfully transmitted. It is noted that the term “successfully delivered / successful delivery” may be interchangeable with the term “successfully transmitted / successful transmission. ”
[0056] In some embodiments, in case of the smaller the PDU importance value, the higher the importance of PDU. The network device 110 may perform the discarding if the PDU importance value of the PDU is smaller than the threshold. In other words, the PDUs with importance higher than the importance threshold comprises PDUs of which PDU importance values are smaller than a PDU importance threshold.
[0057] In some other embodiments, in case of the larger the PDU importance value, the higher the importance. The network device 110 may perform the discarding if the PDU importance value of the PDU is greater than the threshold. In other words, the PDUs with importance higher than the importance threshold comprises PDUs of which PDU importance values are larger than the PDU importance threshold.
[0058] In some embodiments, if the most important PDU is successfully delivered and / or a percentage of correctly delivered bits in the PDU set exceeds a threshold value in the FEC ratio information, the network device 110 may discard the one or more PDUs that have not transmitted or have not been successfully transmitted. For example, if the most important PDU is successfully delivered and x%of the bits of the PDU Set is delivered correctly, the network device 110 may perform the discarding.
[0059] In some embodiments, the network device 110 may obtain PDU set QoS parameters. The PDU set QoS parameters may include at least one of: a PDU set delay budget (PSDB) , a PDU set error rate (PSER) , a PDU set integrated handling information (PSIHI) , or PDU set based FEC handling information. In some embodiments, the PDU set QoS parameters may be included in the QoS profile.
[0060] According to embodiments described with reference to FIG. 2, the network device 120 can provide the network device 110 with information about FEC based PDU set handling. Therefore, it can optimize RAN scheduler decisions and optimize decisions related to how traffic is mapped to QoS Flows. In addition, if the congestion occurs in the network, the FEC based PDU set handling facilitates reducing the congestion and minimizing congestion effects to the transmission. Further, if x%of the bits of the PDU Set is delivered correctly, which means that PDU set is useful to the receiver when (1-X%) error can be tolerated and x%of the bits of the PDU set is delivered successfully, the RAN or UE does not need to discard the whole PDU set, thereby avoiding effects of failure transmission or discarding of partial PDUs in the PDU set to the whole PDU set.
[0061] FIG. 3 illustrates an example signaling flow 300 of exchanging FEC ratio information in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. The signaling flow may involve an AF 310, an NEF 320, a PCF 330, an SMF 340, and an RAN 350. In some embodiments, the signaling flow 300 may involve a UE 360 and / or a UPF 370. The AF 310 may be implemented at the network device 120 and the RAN 350 may be implemented at the network device 110 in FIG. 1. The UE 360 may be implemented at the terminal device 130 in FIG. 1. It is noted that FIG. 3 is only an example not limitation. Example embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented with one or more other steps not shown in FIG. 3 or without one or more steps in FIG. 3.
[0062] The AF 310 may transmit / send (3010) the FEC ratio information to the NEF 320. In some embodiments, the FEC ratio information may include at least one of: the common FEC ratio for all PDU sets, the mapping relationship between QoS flow and FEC ratio, the mapping relationship between PSI and FEC ratio, or the mapping relationship between PDU session and FEC ratio. In some example embodiments, a common FEC ratio for all PDU set means that all the PDU sets use the same FEC ratio. The FEC ratio may be per PDU set granularity. In some example embodiments, the mapping relationship between QoS flow and FEC ratio may be different QoS flow with the same FEC ratio and / or different QoS flow with different FEC ratios. Each QoS flow corresponding to one QoS flow identity. The FEC ratio may be per QoS flow pr PDU set granularity. In some example embodiments, the mapping relationship between PSI and FEC ratio may be different PSI with the same FEC ratio and / or different PSI with different FEC ratios. The FEC ratio may be per QoS flow pr PDU set granularity. The FEC ratio information may be transmitted using Nnef_AFsessionWithQoS_Create request message. The request message may include one or more of UE address, AF Identifier, Flow description information or External Application Identifier, QoS Reference or individual QoS parameters, Alternative Service Requirements, DNN, S-NSSAI.
[0063] In some embodiments, enable or disable information for FEC based PDU set handling may be sent (3010) from AF 310 to NEF 320. In some embodiments, the enable or disable information for FEC based PDU set handling may include at least one of: enabled or disabled QoS flow, enabled or disabled PSI, enabled or disabled PDU session, or enable for all PDU set. In some example embodiments, enable or disable information for FEC based PDU set handling including enabled QoS flow means that the PDU set or data mapping to the enabled QoS flow can use the FEC based PDU set handling mechanism. In some example embodiments, enable or disable information for FEC based PDU set handling including enabled PSI means that the PDU set with the PSI can use the FEC based PDU set handling mechanism. In some example embodiments, enable or disable information for FEC based PDU set handling including enable for all PDU set may be a enable indication indicate that the all the PDU set can use the FEC based PDU set handling.
[0064] The NEF 320 may authorize (3020) the AF request that contains a single UE address. The NEF 320 may apply policies to control the overall amount of QoS authorized for the AF 310.
[0065] The NEF 320 may transmit or forward (3030) received parameters to the PCF, for example in the Npcf_PolicyAuthorization_Create request, including the FEC ratio information to the PCF 330. In some embodiments, the NEF may also transmit or forward (3030) the enable or disable information for FEC based PDU set handling. In some embodiments, if the AF 310 is considered to be trusted by the operator, the AF 310 may the Npcf_PolicyAuthorization_Create request message to interact directly with PCF 330 to request reserving resources for an AF session and provide the FEC ratio information.
[0066] In some embodiments, the QoS Profile may include the PDU Set QoS Parameters. The PDU set QoS parameters may include at least one of: a PDU Set Delay Budget (PSDB) , a PDU Set Error Rate (PSER) , PDU Set Integrated Handling Information (PSIHI) that indicates whether all PDUs of the PDU set are needed for the usage of the PDU Set by the application layer in the receiver side, or PDU set based FEC Handling information. The PCF 330 may determine or obtain (3030’) the PDU Set QoS Parameters based on information provided by AF 310 and / or local configuration. The PDU Set QoS parameters may be sent to the SMF 340, optionally as part of PCC rule. The SMF 340 may then send them to RAN 350 as part of the QoS profile. If the RAN 350 receives PDU set QoS parameters and supports them, the RAN 350 may enable the PDU set based QoS handling and apply PDU set QoS parameters.
[0067] In some embodiments, the PCF 330 may generate the PCC rules that includes the FEC ratio information. The PCF 330 may transmit (3040) the PCC rules including the FEC ratio information to the SMF 340. In some embodiments, the PCF 330 may determine the FEC ratio for QoS flow based on the FEC ratio information. The PCF 330 may send the FEC ratio to the SMF 340, optionally as part of PCC rule. The SMF 340 may then send them to RAN 350 as part of the QoS profile or as part of QoS flow related information. Alternatively, the SMF 340 may obtain (3040’) the FEC ratio information based on local configuration, without receiving from PCF 330. The SMF 340 may transmit (3050) the FEC ratio information, together with QFI, QoS profile, to RAN 350.
[0068] The RAN 350 may determine (3060) the FEC ratio. In some embodiments, the RAN 350 may perform the PDUs discarding within PDU set based on the transmission progress of the packets to UE 360 and the FEC ratio. For example, the RAN 350 may check the received FEC information to determine the corresponding FEC ratio x%. The RAN 350 may perform PDUs discarding based on the FEC ratio and transmission information of a PDU set. The transmission information, for example, DL transmission information. Specifically, for example, ifx%of the bits of the PDU Set is delivered correctly, the RAN 350 may perform the PDU discarding, i.e., may discard the PDUs that have not been transmitted or have not been successfully transmitted.
[0069] In some embodiments, the GTP-U header may include the PDU set information. For example, the PDU Set information may include one or more of: a PDU set sequence number, an indication of end PDU of the PDU set, a PDU sequence number within a PDU set, a PDU set size in bytes, or a PDU set importance which identifies the relative importance of a PDU set compared to other PDU sets within a QoS Flow. The PDU Set information may also include at least one of: a PDU importance (PI) in one PDU set, the most important PDU identity in one PDU set, an FEC ratio for PDU set.
[0070] In some embodiments, for DL direction, the RAN 350 may check the GTP-U header of the received DL package from UPF 370 to obtain the PI of the PDU in a PDU set. For example, the RAN 350 may check the received FEC information to determine the corresponding FEC ratio.
[0071] In some embodiments, the RAN 350 may perform PDUs discarding based on the FEC ratio and transmission information of the a PDU set. The transmission information, for example, DL transmission information. Specifically, for example, for the PDU in one PDU set, if all PDUs with importance higher than the threshold are successfully delivered or the top x importance PDUs are delivered; and if X%of the bits of the PDU Set is delivered correctly, the RAN 350 may perform the PDU discarding, i.e., discard the PDUs that have not been transmitted or have not been successfully transmitted. In some embodiments, in case of the smaller the PI value, the higher the importance of PDU, the conditions may be PI value of the PDU is smaller than the PI threshold, while in case of the larger the PI value, the higher the importance, the condition may be PI value of the PDU is greater than the PI threshold.
[0072] In some embodiments, the RAN 350 may perform the PDUs discarding within PDU set based on the transmission progress of the packets to UE and the FEC ratio. For example, the RAN 350 may check the GTP-U header of the received package from UPF to obtain the most important PDU information in a PDU set and may check the received FEC information to determine the corresponding FEC ratio.
[0073] In some embodiments, the RAN 350 may perform PDUs discarding based on the FEC ratio and transmission information of the PDU set. The transmission information, for example, DL transmission information. Specifically, for example, for the PDU in one PDU set: if the most important PDU with is successfully delivered; and if X%of the bits of the PDU Set is delivered correctly, the RAN 350 may perform the PDU discarding, i.e., discard the PDUs that have not been transmitted or have not been successfully transmitted.
[0074] According to embodiments described with reference to FIG. 3, the SMF 340 obtains the FEC ratio information from the PCC rules received from the PCF 330, or preconfigured based on local configuration. The FEC ratio information may include at least one of: common FEC ratio for all PDU set, mapping relationship between QoS flow and FEC ratio, mapping relationship between PSI and FEC ratio, or the mapping relationship between PDU session and FEC ratio. In addition, optionally, the SMF 340 obtains the enable or disable information for FEC based PDU set handling. For example, the mapping relationship of QoS flow and FEC ratio may be: different QoS Flow ID with the same FEC ratio X%; and / or different QoS Flow ID with different FEC ratios. In some embodiments, the enable or disable information for FEC based PDU set handling may include at least one of: enabled or disabled QoS flow, enabled or disabled PSI, enabled or disabled PDU session, or enable for all PDU set. In some example embodiments, enable or disable information for FEC based PDU set handling including enabled QoS flow means that the PDU set or data mapping to the enabled QoS flow can use the FEC based PDU set handling mechanism. In some example embodiments, enable or disable information for FEC based PDU set handling including enabled PSI means that the PDU set with the PSI can use the FEC based PDU set handling mechanism. In some example embodiments, enable or disable information for FEC based PDU set handling including enable for all PDU set may be a enable indication indicate that the all the PDU set can use the FEC based PDU set handling. It should be noted that the FEC ratio is either the PDU Set Content Ratio (PSCR) that means the PDU set is useful to the receiver when X%of the bits of the PDU Set is delivered correctly, or means that the PDU set is useful to the receiver when (1-X%) error can be tolerated and X%of the bits of the PDU set is delivered successfully. The granularity of the FEC operation is per PDU set. SMF 340 sends the FEC ratio information to the RAN node, together with QoS profile and QFI. Based on the FEC ratio information, the RAN 350 may determine the associated FEC ratio and may perform the PDUs discarding within PDU set based on the transmission progress of the packets to UE and the FEC ratio. Optionally, the RAN 350 may check the GTP-U header of the received packets from N3 interface and obtains the PSI value and / or PI value of PDU in one PDU set from the PDU set information.
[0075] Reference is made to FIG. 4, which illustrates a signaling flow 400 of exchanging FEC information in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purposes of discussion, the signaling flow 400 will be discussed with reference to FIG. 1, for example, by using the network device 120 and the network device 110. It is noted that example embodiments described with reference to FIG. 4 can be applicable to XR services. In some embodiments, the term “enabled” can be replaced by the term “supported” . For example, in some embodiments, the “enabled PDU set” may be replaced by “supported PDU set. ” Similarly, the “enabled PSI” may be replaced by “supported PSI” , the “enabled PDU session” may be replaced by “supported PDU session” , and the “enabled QoS flow” may be replaced by “supported QoS flow. ”
[0076] The network device 110 and the network device 120 exchange their FEC information with each other. In some embodiments, the network device 110 is a RAN device. In this way, the network device 120 acquires RAN’s ability about FEC based PDU set handling. The network device 110 and the network device 120 have knowledge and align the knowledge about the FEC based PDU set handling, thereby optimizing RAN scheduler.
[0077] As shown in FIG. 4, the network device 110 transmits (4020) FEC information of the network device 110 (referred to as “first FEC information” herein after) to the network device 120. In other words, the network device 120 receives (4020) the first FEC information from the network device 110. The first FEC information indicates at least one of:whether the network device 110 supporting an FEC based PDU set handling, a supported granularity for FEC based PDU set handling, enabled PDU set or enabled QoS flow or enabled PSI information for FEC based PDU set handling, an FEC parameter, or an FEC index corresponding to the FEC parameter. For example, the first FEC information may indicate which PDU set or which QoS flow or which PSI that the FEC based PDU set handling is enabled. The granularity for FEC based PDU set handling may be per PDU set, per PSI, per QoS flow or per PDU session. In some embodiments, if the network device 110 does not support the FEC based PDU set handling, the first FEC information may indicate that the FEC based PDU set handling is disabled or not supported at the network device 110.
[0078] In some embodiments, the FEC parameter may indicate at least one of: an FEC code, a code rate, a content delivery policy, an FEC framework, an FEC scheme, a content delivery protocol, or an application protocol. In some embodiments, each FEC index may correspond to one FEC parameter.
[0079] In some embodiments, a relationship between the FEC index and the FEC parameter is predefined. Alternatively, the relationship between the FEC index and the FEC parameter may be configured by the network device 120.
[0080] In some embodiments, the granularity for FEC based PDU set handling is one off per PDU set, per PDU set importance (PSI) , per quality of service (QoS) flow, or per PDU session. Alternatively, or in addition, the first FEC information further indicates the FEC based PDU set handling is enabled for one of: at least one QoS flow, at least one PSI, or at least one PDU session.
[0081] In some embodiments, the network device 120 may transmit (4010) further FEC information (also referred to as “second FEC information” ) to the network device 110. In other words, the network device 110 may receive (4010) the second FEC information from the network device 120.
[0082] In some embodiments, the second FEC information may include the FEC parameter and / or the FEC index corresponding to the FEC parameter. Alternatively, or in addition, the second FEC information may include a granularity for FEC based PDU set handling. The granularity for FEC based PDU set handling included in the second FEC information may be different from or same as the supported granularity for FEC based PDU set handling in the first FEC information.
[0083] In some other embodiments, the second FEC information may include enabled PDU set information which indicates the enabled PDU set for FEC based PDU set handling or the PDU set on which the FEC based PDU set handling is enabled.. The enabled PDU set included in the second FEC information may be different from or same as enabled PDU set included in the first FEC information of the network device 110. Alternatively, the enabled PDU set indicated in the first FEC information may be a subset of enabled PDU sets included in the second FEC information.
[0084] In some further embodiments, the second FEC information may include a PSI on which the FEC based PDU set handling is enabled. In other words, the second FEC information may indicate the enabled PSI for FEC based PDU set handling. The enabled PSI for FEC based PDU set handling included in the second FEC information may be different from or same as the enabled PSI for FEC based PDU set handling included in the first FEC information the network device 110. Alternatively, the enabled PSI for FEC based PDU set handling at the network device 110 may be a subset of enabled PSIs for FEC based PDU set handling in the second FEC information.
[0085] In some embodiments, the second FEC information may include a PDU session on which the FEC based PDU set handling is enabled. In other words, the second FEC information may include an enabled PDU session for the FEC based PDU set handling. The enabled PDU session for the FEC based PDU set handling included in the second FEC information may be different from or same as the enabled PDU session for the FEC based PDU set handling included in the first FEC information of the network device 110. Alternatively, the enabled PDU session for FEC based PDU set handling at the network device 110 may be a subset of enabled PDU sessions for FEC based PDU set handling in the second FEC information.
[0086] In some other embodiments, the second FEC information may include a QoS flow on which the FEC based PDU set handling is enabled. In other words, the second FEC information may include an QoS flow for the FEC based PDU set handling. The enabled QoS flow for the FEC based PDU set handling included in the second FEC information may be different from or same as the enabled QoS flow for the FEC based PDU set handling included in the first FEC information of the network device 110. Alternatively, the enabled QoS flow for FEC based PDU set handling at the network device 110 may be a subset of enabled QoS flows for FEC based PDU set handling in the second FEC information.
[0087] FIG. 5 illustrates an example signaling flow 500 of exchanging FEC information in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. The signaling flow may involve an AF 510, an NEF 520, a PCF 530, an SMF 540, and an RAN 550. The AF 510 may be implemented at the network device 120 and the RAN 550 may be implemented at the network device 110 in FIG. 1. It is noted that FIG. 5 is only an example not limitation. Example embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented with one or more other steps not shown in FIG. 5 or without one or more steps in FIG. 5.
[0088] The AF 510 may transmit / send (5010) a request to NEF, which includes the indication of UE application allows discarding of FEC PDU (s) (i.e., FEC based PDU set handling) , and / or the FEC information or FEC index. The FEC information may include at least of: one or more FEC parameters, an FEC based PDU set handling granularity, enabled PDU set or enabled QoS flow or enabled PSI information for FEC based PDU set handling, FEC code, code rate, delivery policy, FEC framework, application Protocol, content delivery protocol. The request may be transmitted in Nnef_AFsessionWithQoS_Create / Update request message.
[0089] The NEF 520 may authorize (5020) the request that contains a single UE address. The NEF 520 may apply policies to control the overall amount of QoS authorized for the AF 510.
[0090] The NEF 520 may transmit or forward (5030) received parameters to the PCF 530, including the FEC information. The PCF 530 may transmit / send (5040) the FEC information to the SMF 540. The SMF 540 may then send / transmit (5050) the FEC information to the RAN 550.
[0091] The RAN 550 may transmit (5060) its FEC capability to the AF 510. For example, the RAN 550 may receive the FEC information and determine the supported FEC related parameters.
[0092] Alternatively, the RAN 550 may transmit (5060) the FEC information response including its FEC capability to the AF 510. For example, if the RAN 550 supports the FEC based PDU set handling, the FEC information response may include at least one of: a support or enable FEC indication, an enabled FEC based handling granularity, or an enable FEC for specific QoS flow or PSI or PDU session, a supported granularity, or FEC parameters or FEC index. Alternatively, if the RAN 550 does not support the FEC based PDU set handling, the FEC information response may include an indication which indicate that the FEC based PDU set handling is disabled or not supported at the RAN 550.
[0093] It is noted that example embodiments described with reference to FIG. 2 to FIG. 5 can be implemented in any suitable manner. For example, example embodiments described with reference to FIG. 2 to FIG. 5 can be implemented independently or can be combined in any suitable manner. Alternatively, one or more steps shown in FIG. 2 to FIG. 5 can be omitted or one or more other steps can be added to embodiments described with reference to FIG. 2 to FIG. 5.
[0094] FIG. 6 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method 600 implemented at a first network device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, the method 600 will be implemented at the network device 110 in FIG. 1.
[0095] At block 610, the first network device receives, from a second network device, forward error correction (FEC) ratio information.
[0096] At block 620, the first network device performs a discarding on one or more protocol data units (PDUs) in a PDU set based on the FEC ratio information and transmission information of the PDU set.
[0097] In some example embodiments, the method 600 includes in response to a percentage of correctly delivered bits in the PDU set exceeds a threshold value in the FEC ratio information, discarding PDUs that have not been transmitted or have not been successfully transmitted.
[0098] In some example embodiments, the method 600 includes obtaining PDU set information included in a general packet radio service (GPRS) Tunneling protocol (GTP) user header, and wherein the PDU set information comprises at least one of: a PDU importance in the PDU set, an identity of most important PDU in the PDU set, or an FEC ratio for PDU set.
[0099] In some example embodiments, the method 600 includes discarding PDUs that have not been transmitted or have not been successfully transmitted, in response to at least one of the following: PDUs with importance higher than an importance threshold are successful delivered, or a percentage of correctly delivered bits in the PDU set exceeds a threshold value in the FEC ratio information.
[0100] In some example embodiments, the PDUs with importance higher than the importance threshold comprises PDUs of which PDU importance values are smaller than a PDU importance threshold, or wherein the PDUs with importance higher than the importance threshold comprises PDUs of which PDU importance values are larger than the PDU importance threshold.
[0101] In some example embodiments, the method 600 includes discarding PDUs that have not been transmitted or have not been successfully transmitted, in response to at least one of the following: the most important PDU is successful delivered, and a percentage of correctly delivered bits in the PDU set exceeds a threshold value in the FEC ratio information.
[0102] In some example embodiments, the method 600 includes obtaining PDU set quality of service (QoS) parameters that comprising at least one of: a PDU set delay budget, a PDU set error rate, a PDU set integrated handling information, or PDU set based FEC handling information.
[0103] In some example embodiments, the FEC ratio information comprises at least one of: a common FEC ratio for all PDU set, a mapping relationship between QoS flow and FEC ratio, a mapping relationship between PDU session and FEC ratio, a mapping relationship between PSI and FEC ratio, the FEC ratio, or FEC enable information.
[0104] In some example embodiments, the FEC ratio information is received from the second network device via at least one of: a network exposure function (NEF) , a policy control function (PCF) , a session management function (SMF) .
[0105] In some example embodiments, the first network device is a radio access network device, and the second network device is a core network device.
[0106] FIG. 7 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method 700 implemented at a second network device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, the method 700 will be implemented at the network device 120 in FIG. 1.
[0107] At block 710, the second network device transmits, to a first network device, forward error correction (FEC) ratio information. The FEC ratio information is transmitted to the first network device via at least one of: a network exposure function (NEF) , a policy control function (PCF) , a session management function (SMF) .
[0108] In some example embodiments, the FEC ratio information comprises at least one of:a common FEC ratio for all PDU set, a mapping relationship between Qo S flow and FEC ratio, a mapping relationship between PDU session and FEC ratio, a mapping relationship between PSI and FEC ratio, the FEC ratio, or FEC enable information.
[0109] In some example embodiments, the FEC ratio information is transmitted from the second network device to the NEF in a session create request, or wherein the FEC ratio information is transmitted from the second network device to the PCF in an authorization create request.
[0110] In some example embodiments, the first network device is a radio access network device, and the second network device is a core network device.
[0111] FIG. 8 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method 800 implemented at a first network device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, the method 800 may be implemented at the network device 110 in FIG. 1.
[0112] At block 820, the first network device 110 transmits, to a second network device, first forward error correction (FEC) information of the first network device. The first FEC information indicates at least one of: whether the first network device supporting an FEC based protocol data unit (PDU) set handling, a supported granularity for FEC based PDU set handling, an FEC parameter, or an FEC index corresponding to the FEC parameter.
[0113] In some example embodiments, the FEC parameter indicates at least one of: an FEC code, a code rate, a content delivery policy, an FEC framework, an FEC scheme, a content delivery protocol, or an application protocol.
[0114] In some example embodiments, a relationship between the FEC index and the FEC parameter is predefined or configured by the second network device.
[0115] In some example embodiments, the granularity for FEC based PDU set handling is one of: per PDU set, per PDU set importance (PSI) , per quality of service (QoS) flow, or per PDU session.
[0116] In some example embodiments, the first FEC information further indicates the FEC based PDU set handling is enabled for one of: at least one QoS flow, at least one PSI, or at least one PDU session.
[0117] In some example embodiments, at block 810, the first network device receives, from the second network device, second FEC information indicating at least one of: the FEC parameter, the FEC index corresponding to the FEC parameter, a granularity for FEC based PDU set handling, a PDU set on which the FEC based PDU set handling is enabled, a PSI on which the FEC based PDU set handling is enabled, a PDU session on which the FEC based PDU set handling is enabled, or a QoS flow on which the FEC based PDU set handling is enabled.
[0118] In some example embodiments, the method 800 includes in response to no supporting the FEC, transmitting, to the second network device, the first FEC information indicating that the FEC based PDU set handling is disabled.
[0119] In some example embodiments, the first network device is a radio access network device, and the second network device is a core network device.
[0120] FIG. 9 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method 900 implemented at a second network device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, the method 900 may be implemented at the network device 120 in FIG. 1.
[0121] At block 910, the second network device receive, from a first network device, first forward error correction (FEC) information of the first network device, the first FEC information indicating at least one of: whether the first network device supporting an FEC based protocol data unit (PDU) set handling, a supported granularity for FEC based PDU set handling, an FEC parameter, or an FEC index corresponding to the FEC parameter.
[0122] In some example embodiments, the FEC parameter indicates at least one of: an FEC code, a code rate, a content delivery policy, an FEC framework, an FEC scheme, a content delivery protocol, or an application protocol.
[0123] In some example embodiments, a relationship between the FEC index and the FEC parameter is predefined or configured by the second network device.
[0124] In some example embodiments, the granularity for FEC based PDU set handling is one of: per PDU set, per PDU set importance (PSI) , per quality of service (QoS) flow, or per PDU session.
[0125] In some example embodiments, the first FEC information further indicates the FEC based PDU set handling is enabled for one of: at least one QoS flow, at least one PSI, or at least one PDU session.
[0126] In some example embodiments, at block 910, the second network device transmits, to the first network device, second FEC information indicating at least one of: the FEC parameter, the FEC index corresponding to the FEC parameter, an indication regarding user equipment application supporting FEC based PDU set handling, a granularity for FEC based PDU set handling, a PDU set on which the FEC based PDU set handing is enabled, a PSI on which the FEC based PDU set handling is enabled, a PDU session on which the FEC based PDU set handling is enabled, or a QoS flow on which the FEC based PDU set handling is enabled.
[0127] In some example embodiments, the second FEC information is transmitted to the first network device via a network exposure function.
[0128] In some example embodiments, the second network device is further caused to: in response to no supporting the FEC, receive, from the first network device, the first FEC information indicating that the FEC based PDU set handling is disabled.
[0129] In some example embodiments, the first network device is a radio access network device, and the second network device is a core network device.
[0130] FIG. 10 is a simplified block diagram of a device 1000 that is suitable for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure. The device 1000 can be considered as a further example implementation of any of the devices as shown in FIG. 1. Accordingly, the device 1000 can be implemented at or as at least a part of the network device 120 or the network device 110.
[0131] As shown, the device 1000 includes a processor 1010, a memory 1020 coupled to the processor 1010, a suitable transceiver 1040 coupled to the processor 1010, and a communication interface coupled to the transceiver 1040. The memory 1020 stores at least a part of a program 1030. The transceiver 1040 may be for bidirectional communications or a unidirectional communication based on requirements. The transceiver 1040 may include at least one of a transmitter 1042 and a receiver 1044. The transmitter 1042 and the receiver 1044 may be functional modules or physical entities. The transceiver 1040 has at least one antenna to facilitate communication, though in practice an Access Node mentioned in this application may have several ones. The communication interface may represent any interface that is necessary for communication with other network elements, such as X2 / Xn interface for bidirectional communications between eNBs / gNBs, S1 / NG interface for communication between a Mobility Management Entity (MME) / Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) / SGW / UPF and the eNB / gNB, Un interface for communication between the eNB / gNB and a relay node (RN) , or Uu interface for communication between the eNB / gNB and a terminal device.
[0132] The program 1030 is assumed to include program instructions that, when executed by the associated processor 1010, enable the device 1000 to operate in accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, as discussed herein with reference to FIGS. 1 to 9. The embodiments herein may be implemented by computer software executable by the processor 1010 of the device 1000, or by hardware, or by a combination of software and hardware. The processor 1010 may be configured to implement various embodiments of the present disclosure. Furthermore, a combination of the processor 1010 and memory 1020 may form processing means 1050 adapted to implement various embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0133] The memory 1020 may be of any type suitable to the local technical network and may be implemented using any suitable data storage technology, such as a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, semiconductor-based memory devices, magnetic memory devices and systems, optical memory devices and systems, fixed memory and removable memory, as non-limiting examples. While only one memory 1020 is shown in the device 1000, there may be several physically distinct memory modules in the device 1000. The processor 1010 may be of any type suitable to the local technical network, and may include one or more of general purpose computers, special purpose computers, microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs) and processors based on multicore processor architecture, as non-limiting examples. The device 1000 may have multiple processors, such as an application specific integrated circuit chip that is slaved in time to a clock which synchronizes the main processor.
[0134] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a first network device comprising a circuitry is provided. The circuitry is configured to: receive, from a second network device, forward error correction (FEC) ratio information; and perform a discarding on one or more protocol data units (PDUs) in a PDU set based on the FEC ratio information and transmission information of the PDU set. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the circuitry may be configured to perform any method implemented by the first network device as discussed above.
[0135] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a second network device comprising a circuitry is provided. The circuitry is configured to: transmit, to a first network device, forward error correction (FEC) ratio information, wherein the FEC ratio information is transmitted to the first network device via at least one of: a network exposure function (NEF) , a policy control function (PCF) , a session management function (SMF) . According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the circuitry may be configured to perform any method implemented by the second network device as discussed above.
[0136] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a first network device comprising a circuitry is provided. The circuitry is configured to: transmit, to a second network device, first forward error correction (FEC) information of the first network device, the first FEC information indicating at least one of: whether the first network device supporting an FEC based protocol data unit (PDU) set handling, a supported granularity for FEC based PDU set handling, an FEC parameter, or an FEC index corresponding to the FEC parameter. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the circuitry may be configured to perform any method implemented by the first network device as discussed above.
[0137] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a second network device comprising a circuitry is provided. The circuitry is configured to: receive, from a first network device, first forward error correction (FEC) information of the first network device, the first FEC information indicating at least one of: whether the first network device supporting an FEC based protocol data unit (PDU) set handling, a supported granularity for FEC based PDU set handling, an FEC parameter, or an FEC index corresponding to the FEC parameter. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the circuitry may be configured to perform any method implemented by the second network device as discussed above.
[0138] The term “circuitry” used herein may refer to hardware circuits and / or combinations of hardware circuits and software. For example, the circuitry may be a combination of analog and / or digital hardware circuits with software / firmware. As a further example, the circuitry may be any portions of hardware processors with software including digital signal processor (s) , software, and memory (ies) that work together to cause an apparatus, such as a terminal device or a network device, to perform various functions. In a still further example, the circuitry may be hardware circuits and or processors, such as a microprocessor or a portion of a microprocessor, that requires software / firmware for operation, but the software may not be present when it is not needed for operation. As used herein, the term circuitry also covers an implementation of merely a hardware circuit or processor (s) or a portion of a hardware circuit or processor (s) and its (or their) accompanying software and / or firmware.
[0139] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a first network apparatus is provided. The first network apparatus comprises means for receiving, from a second network device, forward error correction (FEC) ratio information; and means for performing a discarding on one or more protocol data units (PDUs) in a PDU set based on the FEC ratio information and transmission information of the PDU set. In some embodiments, the first network apparatus may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 600. In some example embodiments, the first network apparatus may further comprise means for performing other operations in some example embodiments of the method 600. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.
[0140] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a second network apparatus is provided. The second network apparatus comprises means for transmitting, to a first network device, forward error correction (FEC) ratio information, wherein the FEC ratio information is transmitted to the first network device via at least one of: a network exposure function (NEF) , a policy control function (PCF) , a session management function (SMF) . In some embodiments, the second network apparatus may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 700. In some example embodiments, the second network apparatus may further comprise means for performing other operations in some example embodiments of the method 700. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.
[0141] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a first network apparatus is provided. The first network apparatus comprises means for transmitting, to a second network device, first forward error correction (FEC) information of the first network device, the first FEC information indicating at least one of: whether the first network device supporting an FEC based protocol data unit (PDU) set handling, a supported granularity for FEC based PDU set handling, an FEC parameter, or an FEC index corresponding to the FEC parameter. In some embodiments, the first network apparatus may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 800. In some example embodiments, the first network apparatus may further comprise means for performing other operations in some example embodiments of the method 800. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.
[0142] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a second network apparatus is provided. The second network apparatus comprises means for receiving, from a first network device, first forward error correction (FEC) information of the first network device, the first FEC information indicating at least one of: whether the first network device supporting an FEC based protocol data unit (PDU) set handling, a supported granularity for FEC based PDU set handling, an FEC parameter, or an FEC index corresponding to the FEC parameter. In some embodiments, the second network apparatus may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 900. In some example embodiments, the second network apparatus may further comprise means for performing other operations in some example embodiments of the method 900. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.
[0143] In summary, embodiments of the present disclosure provide the following aspects.
[0144] In an aspect, it is proposed a first network device, comprising: a processor, configured to cause the first network device to: receive, from a second network device, forward error correction (FEC) ratio information; and perform a discarding on one or more protocol data units (PDUs) in a PDU set based on the FEC ratio information and transmission information of the PDU set.
[0145] In some embodiments, the first network device is caused to: in response to a percentage of correctly delivered bits in the PDU set exceeds a threshold value in the FEC ratio information, discard PDUs that have not been transmitted or have not been successfully transmitted.
[0146] In some embodiments, the first network device is caused to: obtain PDU set information included in a general packet radio service (GPRS) Tunneling protocol (GTP) user header, and wherein the PDU set information comprises at least one off a PDU importance in the PDU set, an identity of most important PDU in the PDU set, or an FEC ratio for PDU set.
[0147] In some embodiments, the first network device is caused to: discard PDUs that have not been transmitted or have not been successfully transmitted, in response to at least one of the following: PDUs with importance higher than an importance threshold are successful delivered, or a percentage of correctly delivered bits in the PDU set exceeds a threshold value in the FEC ratio information.
[0148] In some embodiments, the PDUs with importance higher than the importance threshold comprises PDUs of which PDU importance values are smaller than a PDU importance threshold, or wherein the PDUs with importance higher than the importance threshold comprises PDUs of which PDU importance values are larger than the PDU importance threshold.
[0149] In some embodiments, the first network device is caused to: discard PDUs that have not been transmitted or have not been successfully transmitted, in response to at least one of the following: the most important PDU is successful delivered, and a percentage of correctly delivered bits in the PDU set exceeds a threshold value in the FEC ratio information.
[0150] In some embodiments, the first network device is caused to: obtain PDU set quality of service (QoS) parameters that comprising at least one off a PDU set delay budget, a PDU set error rate, a PDU set integrated handling information, or PDU set based FEC handling information.
[0151] In some embodiments, the FEC ratio information comprises at least one of: a common FEC ratio for all PDU set, a mapping relationship between QoS flow and FEC ratio, a mapping relationship between PDU session and FEC ratio, a mapping relationship between PSI and FEC ratio, the FEC ratio, or FEC enable information.
[0152] In some embodiments, the FEC ratio information is received from the second network device via at least one of: a network exposure function (NEF) , a policy control function (PCF) , a session management function (SMF) .
[0153] In some embodiments, the first network device is a radio access network device, and the second network device is a core network device.
[0154] In an aspect, it is proposed a second network device, comprising: a processor, configured to cause the second network device to: transmit, to a first network device, forward error correction (FEC) ratio information, wherein the FEC ratio information is transmitted to the first network device via at least one of: a network exposure function (NEF) , a policy control function (PCF) , a session management function (SMF) .
[0155] In some embodiments, the FEC ratio information comprises at least one of: a common FEC ratio for all PDU set, a mapping relationship between QoS flow and FEC ratio, a mapping relationship between PDU session and FEC ratio, a mapping relationship between PSI and FEC ratio, the FEC ratio, or FEC enable information.
[0156] In some embodiments, the FEC ratio information is transmitted from the second network device to the NEF in a session create request, or wherein the FEC ratio information is transmitted from the second network device to the PCF in an authorization create request.
[0157] In some embodiments, the first network device is a radio access network device, and the second network device is a core network device.
[0158] In an aspect, it is proposed a first network device, comprising: a processor, configured to cause the first network device to: transmit, to a second network device, first forward error correction (FEC) information of the first network device, the first FEC information indicating at least one of: whether the first network device supporting an FEC based protocol data unit (PDU) set handling, a supported granularity for FEC based PDU set handling, an FEC parameter, or an FEC index corresponding to the FEC parameter.
[0159] In some embodiments, the FEC parameter indicates at least one of: an FEC code, a code rate, a content delivery policy, an FEC framework, an FEC scheme, a content delivery protocol, or an application protocol.
[0160] In some embodiments, a relationship between the FEC index and the FEC parameter is predefined or configured by the second network device.
[0161] In some embodiments, the granularity for FEC based PDU set handling is one of: per PDU set, per PDU set importance (PSI) , per quality of service (QoS) flow, or per PDU session.
[0162] In some embodiments, the first FEC information further indicates the FEC based PDU set handling is enabled for one of: at least one QoS flow, at least one PSI, or at least one PDU session.
[0163] In some embodiments, the first network device is further caused to: receive, from the second network device, second FEC information indicating at least one of: the FEC parameter, the FEC index corresponding to the FEC parameter, a granularity for FEC based PDU set handling, a PDU set on which the FEC based PDU set handling is enabled, a PSI on which the FEC based PDU set handling is enabled, a PDU session on which the FEC based PDU set handling is enabled, or a QoS flow on which the FEC based PDU set handling is enabled.
[0164] In some embodiments, the first network device is further caused to: in response to no supporting the FEC, transmit, to the second network device, the first FEC information indicating that the FEC based PDU set handling is disabled.
[0165] In some embodiments, the first network device is a radio access network device, and the second network device is a core network device.
[0166] In an aspect, it is proposed a second network device, comprising: a processor, configured to cause the second network device to: receive, from a first network device, first forward error correction (FEC) information of the first network device, the first FEC information indicating at least one of: whether the first network device supporting an FEC based protocol data unit (PDU) set handling, a supported granularity for FEC based PDU set handling, an FEC parameter, or an FEC index corresponding to the FEC parameter.
[0167] In some embodiments, the FEC parameter indicates at least one off an FEC code, a code rate, a content delivery policy, an FEC framework, an FEC scheme, a content delivery protocol, or an application protocol.
[0168] In some embodiments, a relationship between the FEC index and the FEC parameter is predefined or configured by the second network device.
[0169] In some embodiments, the granularity for FEC based PDU set handling is one off per PDU set, per PDU set importance (PSI) , per quality of service (QoS) flow, or per PDU session.
[0170] In some embodiments, the first FEC information further indicates the FEC based PDU set handling is enabled for one of: at least one QoS flow, at least one PSI, or at least one PDU session.
[0171] In some embodiments, the second network device is further caused to: transmit, to the first network device, second FEC information indicating at least one of: the FEC parameter, the FEC index corresponding to the FEC parameter, an indication regarding user equipment application supporting FEC based PDU set handling, a granularity for FEC based PDU set handling, a PDU set on which the FEC based PDU set handing is enabled, a PSI on which the FEC based PDU set handling is enabled, a PDU session on which the FEC based PDU set handling is enabled, or a QoS flow on which the FEC based PDU set handling is enabled.
[0172] In some embodiments, the second FEC information is transmitted to the first network device via a network exposure function.
[0173] In some embodiments, the second network device is further caused to: in response to no supporting the FEC, receive, from the first network device, the first FEC information indicating that the FEC based PDU set handling is disabled.
[0174] In some embodiments, the first network device is a radio access network device, and the second network device is a core network device.
[0175] In an aspect, a first network device comprises: at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions thereon, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, causing the device to perform the method implemented by the first network device discussed above.
[0176] In an aspect, a second network device comprises: at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions thereon, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, causing the device to perform the method implemented by the second network device discussed above.
[0177] In an aspect, a first network device comprises: at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions thereon, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, causing the device to perform the method implemented by the first network device discussed above.
[0178] In an aspect, a second network device comprises: at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions thereon, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, causing the device to perform the method implemented by the second network device discussed above.
[0179] In an aspect, a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the first network device discussed above.
[0180] In an aspect, a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the second network device discussed above.
[0181] In an aspect, a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the first network device discussed above.
[0182] In an aspect, a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the second network device discussed above.
[0183] In an aspect, a computer program comprising instructions, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the first network device discussed above.
[0184] In an aspect, a computer program comprising instructions, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the second network device discussed above.
[0185] In an aspect, a computer program comprising instructions, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the first network device discussed above.
[0186] In an aspect, a computer program comprising instructions, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the second network device discussed above.
[0187] Generally, various embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented in hardware or special purpose circuits, software, logic or any combination thereof. Some aspects may be implemented in hardware, while other aspects may be implemented in firmware or software which may be executed by a controller, microprocessor or other computing device. While various aspects of embodiments of the present disclosure are illustrated and described as block diagrams, flowcharts, or using some other pictorial representation, it will be appreciated that the blocks, apparatus, systems, techniques or methods described herein may be implemented in, as non-limiting examples, hardware, software, firmware, special purpose circuits or logic, general purpose hardware or controller or other computing devices, or some combination thereof.
[0188] The present disclosure also provides at least one computer program product tangibly stored on a non-transitory computer readable storage medium. The computer program product includes computer-executable instructions, such as those included in program modules, being executed in a device on a target real or virtual processor, to carry out the process or method as described above with reference to FIGS. 1 to 10. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, libraries, objects, classes, components, data structures, or the like that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. The functionality of the program modules may be combined or split between program modules as desired in various embodiments. Machine-executable instructions for program modules may be executed within a local or distributed device. In a distributed device, program modules may be located in both local and remote storage media.
[0189] Program code for carrying out methods of the present disclosure may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. These program codes may be provided to a processor or controller of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus, such that the program codes, when executed by the processor or controller, cause the functions / operations specified in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams to be implemented. The program code may execute entirely on a machine, partly on the machine, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the machine and partly on a remote machine or entirely on the remote machine or server.
[0190] The above program code may be embodied on a machine readable medium, which may be any tangible medium that may contain, or store a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. The machine readable medium may be a machine readable signal medium or a machine readable storage medium. A machine readable medium may include but not limited to an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples of the machine readable storage medium would include an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM) , a read-only memory (ROM) , an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory) , an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) , an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.
[0191] Further, while operations are depicted in a particular order, this should not be understood as requiring that such operations be performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, or that all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirable results. In certain circumstances, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Likewise, while several specific implementation details are contained in the above discussions, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of the present disclosure, but rather as descriptions of features that may be specific to particular embodiments. Certain features that are described in the context of separate embodiments may also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single embodiment may also be implemented in multiple embodiments separately or in any suitable sub-combination.
[0192] Although the present disclosure has been described in language specific to structural features and / or methodological acts, it is to be understood that the present disclosure defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described above. Rather, the specific features and acts described above are disclosed as example forms of implementing the claims.
Claims
1.A first network device, comprising:a processor, configured to cause the first network device to:receive, from a second network device, forward error correction (FEC) ratio information; andperform a discarding on one or more protocol data units (PDUs) in a PDU set based on the FEC ratio information and transmission information of the PDU set.2.The first network device of claim 1, wherein the first network device is caused to:in response to a percentage of correctly delivered bits in the PDU set exceeds a threshold value in the FEC ratio information, discard PDUs that have not been transmitted or have not been successfully transmitted.3.The first network device of claim 1, wherein the first network device is caused to:obtain PDU set information included in a general packet radio service (GPRS) Tunneling protocol (GTP) user header, andwherein the PDU set information comprises at least one of:a PDU importance in the PDU set,an identity of most important PDU in the PDU set, oran FEC ratio for PDU set.4.The first network device of claim 3, wherein the first network device is caused to:discard PDUs that have not been transmitted or have not been successfully transmitted, in response to at least one of the following:PDUs with importance higher than an importance threshold are successful delivered, ora percentage of correctly delivered bits in the PDU set exceeds a threshold value in the FEC ratio information.5.The first network device of claim 4, wherein the PDUs with importance higher than the importance threshold comprises PDUs of which PDU importance values are smaller than a PDU importance threshold, orwherein the PDUs with importance higher than the importance threshold comprises PDUs of which PDU importance values are larger than the PDU importance threshold.6.The first network device of claim 3, wherein the first network device is caused to:discard PDUs that have not been transmitted or have not been successfully transmitted, in response to at least one of the following:the most important PDU is successful delivered, anda percentage of correctly delivered bits in the PDU set exceeds a threshold value in the FEC ratio information.7.The first network device of any of claims 1-6, wherein the first network device is caused to:obtain PDU set quality of service (QoS) parameters that comprising at least one of: a PDU set delay budget, a PDU set error rate, a PDU set integrated handling information, or PDU set based FEC handling information.8.The first network device of any of claims 1-7, wherein the FEC ratio information comprises at least one of: a common FEC ratio for all PDU set, a mapping relationship between QoS flow and FEC ratio, a mapping relationship between PDU session and FEC ratio, a mapping relationship between PSI and FEC ratio, the FEC ratio, or FEC enable information.9.The first network device of any of claims 1-8, wherein the FEC ratio information is received from the second network device via at least one of: a network exposure function (NEF) , a policy control function (PCF) , a session management function (SMF) .10.The first network device of any of claims 1-9, wherein the first network device is a radio access network device, and the second network device is a core network device.11.A second network device, comprising:a processor, configured to cause the second network device to:transmit, to a first network device, forward error correction (FEC) ratio information, wherein the FEC ratio information is transmitted to the first network device via at least one of: a network exposure function (NEF) , a policy control function (PCF) , a session management function (SMF) .12.The second network device of claim 11, wherein the FEC ratio information comprises at least one of: a common FEC ratio for all PDU set, a mapping relationship between QoS flow and FEC ratio, a mapping relationship between PDU session and FEC ratio, a mapping relationship between PSI and FEC ratio, the FEC ratio, or FEC enable information.13.A first network device, comprising:a processor, configured to cause the first network device to:transmit, to a second network device, first forward error correction (FEC) information of the first network device, the first FEC information indicating at least one of: whether the first network device supporting an FEC based protocol data unit (PDU) set handling, a supported granularity for FEC based PDU set handling, an FEC parameter, or an FEC index corresponding to the FEC parameter.14.The first network device of claim 13, wherein the FEC parameter indicates at least one of: an FEC code, a code rate, a content delivery policy, an FEC framework, an FEC scheme, a content delivery protocol, or an application protocol.15.The first network device of claim 13 or 14, wherein a relationship between the FEC index and the FEC parameter is predefined or configured by the second network device.16.The first network device of any of claim 13-15, wherein the granularity for FEC based PDU set handling is one of: per PDU set, per PDU set importance (PSI) , per quality of service (QoS) flow, or per PDU session.17.The first network device of any of claims 13-16, wherein the first FEC information further indicates the FEC based PDU set handling is enabled for one of: at least one QoS flow, at least one PSI, or at least one PDU session.18.The first network device of any of claims 13-17, wherein the first network device is further caused to:receive, from the second network device, second FEC information indicating at least one of: the FEC parameter, the FEC index corresponding to the FEC parameter, a granularity for FEC based PDU set handling, a PDU set on which the FEC based PDU set handling is enabled, a PSI on which the FEC based PDU set handling is enabled, a PDU session on which the FEC based PDU set handling is enabled, or a QoS flow on which the FEC based PDU set handling is enabled.19.The first network device of claim 18, wherein the first network device is further caused to:in response to no supporting the FEC, transmit, to the second network device, the first FEC information indicating that the FEC based PDU set handling is disabled.20.The first network device of any of claims 13-19, wherein the first network device is a radio access network device, and the second network device is a core network device.
Citation Information
Patent Citations
Data transmission method and related device
CN117528638A
Data processing method and device, communication equipment and storage medium
CN117858154A
PDU set sending method and apparatus, and communication node
WO2024016915A1
Early termination of transmission of PDU sets generated by al-FEC in a wireless communication network
WO2024056200A1