Early channel state information reporting
Early CSI reporting during handover in wireless systems addresses the limitation of CSI reporting after RRC connection, enhancing DL scheduling and throughput by supporting CSI measurement and transmission before RRC establishment.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2025/070583
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-01-03
- Publication Date
- 2025-11-20
AI Technical Summary
Existing wireless communication systems lack the ability to report channel state information (CSI) before establishing a radio resource control (RRC) connection during handover, limiting advanced DL scheduling and throughput optimization.
Implement early CSI reporting by user equipment (UE) and network entities to support CSI measurement and reporting during the handover period, allowing CSI to be transmitted before the RRC connection is established, utilizing aperiodic, periodic, or semi-persistent CSI-RS resources and incorporating CSI into the first uplink transmission in the target cell.
Enables advanced DL scheduling and improved throughput by allowing CSI reporting before RRC connection, reducing handover latency and enabling higher modulation orders and MIMO schemes.
Smart Images

Figure CN2025070583_20112025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
EARLY CHANNEL STATE INFORMATION REPORTINGTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates to wireless communications, and more specifically to a user equipment (UE) , a network entity, a processor for wireless communication, methods, and computer readable media for early channel state information (CSI) reporting.BACKGROUND
[0002] A wireless communications system may include one or multiple network communication devices, such as base stations, which may be otherwise known as an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB (gNB) , or other suitable terminology. Each network communication devices, such as a base station may support wireless communications for one or multiple user communication devices, which may be otherwise known as user equipment (UE) , or other suitable terminology. The wireless communications system may support wireless communications with one or multiple user communication devices by utilizing resources of the wireless communication system (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers) . Additionally, the wireless communications system may support wireless communications across various radio access technologies including third generation (3G) radio access technology, fourth generation (4G) radio access technology, fifth generation (5G) radio access technology, among other suitable radio access technologies beyond 5G (e.g., sixth generation (6G) ) .SUMMARY
[0003] The present disclosure relates to a user equipment (UE) , a network entity, a processor for wireless communication, methods, and computer readable media for early CSI reporting.
[0004] In a first aspect, there is provided a UE. The UE comprises: a processor; and a transceiver coupled to the processor, wherein the processor is configured to: report, a capability on whether to support channel state information (CSI) measurement during a handover period; and report CSI before a radio resource control (RRC) connection is established between the UE and a target cell for handover.
[0005] In a second aspect, there is provided a network entity. The network entity comprises: a processor; and a transceiver coupled to the processor, wherein the processor is configured to: receive, from a user equipment (UE) , a capability on whether to support channel state information (CSI) measurement during a handover period; and cause a target cell for handover to receive CSI before a radio resource control (RRC) connection is established between the UE and the target cell..
[0006] In a third aspect, there is provided a processor for wireless communication. The processor comprises: at least one memory; and a controller coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the controller to: report, a capability on whether to support channel state information (CSI) measurement during a handover period; and report CSI before a radio resource control (RRC) connection is established between the UE and a target cell for handover.
[0007] In a fourth aspect, there is provided a method performed by a user equipment (UE) , the method comprising: reporting, a capability on whether to support channel state information (CSI) measurement during a handover period; and reporting CSI before a radio resource control (RRC) connection is established between the UE and a target cell for handover.
[0008] In an fifth aspect, there is provided a method performed by a network entity, the method comprising: receiving, from a user equipment (UE) , a capability on whether to support channel state information (CSI) measurement during a handover period; and causing a target cell for handover to receive CSI before a radio resource control (RRC) connection is established between the UE and the target cell.
[0009] In a sixth aspect, there is provided a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed by a processor of an apparatus, causing the apparatus to perform the method according to the fourth or the fifth aspect of the disclosure.
[0010] In some implementations of the methods, the UE and the network entity described herein, the CSI is reported to the target cell after the UE receives a cell switch command from a serving cell.
[0011] In some implementations of the methods, the UE and the network entity described herein, the UE supports CSI measurement during a handover period, and the UE further receives an aperiodic CSI-reference signal (CSI-RS) resource triggered by the cell switch command; and calculates CSI based on the aperiodic CSI-RS resource during the handover period.
[0012] In some implementations of the methods, the UE and the network entity described herein, the UE further receives periodic and / or semi-persistent CSI-RS resources before receiving the cell switch command; and calculates CSI based on the received CSI-RS resources.
[0013] In some implementations of the methods, the UE and the network entity described herein, the UE does not support CSI measurement during a handover period, and to calculate CSI based on the received CSI-RS resources, the UE calculates CSI for different candidate cells based on the received CSI-RS resources before receiving the cell switch command.
[0014] In some implementations of the methods, the UE and the network entity described herein, the UE does not support CSI measurement during a handover period, and to calculate CSI based on the received CSI-RS resources, the UE calculates CSI corresponding to the target cell after receiving the cell switch command.
[0015] In some implementations of the methods, the UE and the network entity described herein, an interruption time caused by handover includes an additional time gap for CSI calculation.
[0016] In some implementations of the methods, the UE and the network entity described herein, the CSI is carried in the first uplink (UL) transmission in the target cell.
[0017] In some implementations of the methods, the UE and the network entity described herein, the handover includes a random access channel (RACH) procedure, and the CSI is carried in a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) scheduled by a random access response message in the target cell.
[0018] In some implementations of the methods, the UE and the network entity described herein, the cell switch command includes a CSI request to trigger a CSI report for the target cell, and the CSI is carried in a PUSCH scheduled by the cell switch command.
[0019] In some implementations of the methods, the UE and the network entity described herein, an offset for the PUSCH, defined as the time between the last symbol of the PDSCH carrying the cell switch command and the first symbol for the PUSCH transmission, satisfies timing requirements that the UE applies the cell switch command, calculates the CSI and prepares the PUSCH transmission.
[0020] In some implementations of the methods, the UE and the network entity described herein, the scheduled PUSCH is the first UL transmission in the target cell or after the first UL transmission in the target cell.
[0021] In some implementations of the methods, the UE and the network entity described herein, the UE is configured with conditional handover and configured with periodic and / or semi-persistent CSI report, and to report CSI, the UE receives periodic and / or semi-persistent CSI-RS resources for different candidate cells; and reports CSI for at least one candidate cell to a serving cell.
[0022] In some implementations of the methods, the UE and the network entity described herein, the UE performs CSI measurement and CSI report based on CSI-RS resources associated with an activated transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state for a candidate cell.
[0023] In some implementations of the methods, the UE and the network entity described herein, the UE further transmits a RACH preamble to a candidate cell; and receives a timing advance (TA) value for a candidate cell from a serving cell.
[0024] In some implementations of the methods, the UE and the network entity described herein, the TA value is carried by a random access response message.
[0025] In some implementations of the methods, the UE and the network entity described herein, the TA value is carried by a medium access control (MAC) control element (MAC CE) containing candidate cell information.
[0026] In some implementations of the methods, the UE and the network entity described herein, the candidate cell information comprises a TA group identity (TAG ID) including the candidate cell.
[0027] In some implementations of the methods, the UE and the network entity described herein, the UE receives, during a RACH procedure for initial access, a random access response message triggering a CSI report; and transmits CSI using a PUSCH scheduled by the random access response message.
[0028] In some implementations of the methods, the UE and the network entity described herein, the CSI includes at least one of: channel quality indicator (CQI) , L1-reference signal received power (L1-RSRP) , or L1-signal to interference plus noise ratio (L1-SINR) .
[0029] In some implementations of the methods, the UE and the network entity described herein, the UE calculates the CSI based on a synchronization signal / physical broadcast channel block (SSB) selected for RACH association at least Z symbols or slots before sending the PUSCH, where Z symbols or slots are used for CSI calculation.
[0030] In some implementations of the methods, the UE and the network entity described herein, the CSI is independently coded to a fixed size and is carried in the PUSCH.
[0031] In some implementations of the methods, the UE and the network entity described herein, to cause the target cell for handover to receive CSI, the network entity transmits, to the UE, a cell switch command triggering an aperiodic CSI-RS resource in the target cell for handover.
[0032] In some implementations of the methods, the UE and the network entity described herein, the cell switch command includes a CSI request to trigger a CSI report for the target cell, and the CSI is carried in a PUSCH scheduled by the cell switch command.
[0033] In some implementations of the methods, the UE and the network entity described herein, the network entity further notifies the aperiodic CSI-RS resource and the scheduled PUSCH to the target cell.
[0034] In some implementations of the methods, the UE and the network entity described herein, to cause the target cell for handover to receive CSI, the network entity receives CSI for at least one candidate cell from the UE; and transmits CSI corresponding to the target cell to the target cell.
[0035] In some implementations of the methods, the UE and the network entity described herein, the network entity further activates TCI states for the at least one candidate cell.
[0036] In some implementations of the methods, the UE and the network entity described herein, the network entity further triggers the UE to transmit a RACH preamble to a candidate cell; receives a TA value for a candidate cell from the candidate cell; and transmits the TA value to the UE.
[0037] In some implementations of the methods, the UE and the network entity described herein, the TA value is carried by a random access response message.
[0038] In some implementations of the methods, the UE and the network entity described herein, the TA value is carried by a MAC CE containing candidate cell information.
[0039] In some implementations of the methods, the UE and the network entity described herein, the candidate cell information comprises a TAG ID including the candidate cell.
[0040] In some implementations of the methods, the UE and the network entity described herein, the network entity transmits, to the UE, a random access response message triggering a CSI report during a RACH procedure for initial access; and receives CSI using a PUSCH scheduled by the random access response message.
[0041] In some implementations of the methods, the UE and the network entity described herein, the CSI includes at least one of: CQI, L1-RSRP, or L1-SINR.
[0042] In some implementations of the methods, the UE and the network entity described herein, the CSI is independently coded to a fixed size and is carried in the PUSCH.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0043] FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communications system in which some embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented.
[0044] FIG. 2 illustrates a process flow for early CSI reporting for L1 / L2 triggered mobility (LTM) in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0045] FIG. 3 illustrates a process flow for early CSI reporting for gNB-controlled LTM in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0046] FIG. 4 illustrates a process flow for early CSI reporting for conditional LTM in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0047] FIG. 5 illustrates a process flow for timing advance (TA) acquisition for conditional LTM in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0048] FIG. 6 illustrates an example of MAC CE for the TA indication for a candidate cell in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0049] FIG. 7 illustrates another example of MAC CE for the TA indication for a candidate cell in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0050] FIG. 8 illustrates a process flow for early CSI report in an initial access procedure in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0051] FIG. 9 illustrates an example of a device that is suitable for implementing some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0052] FIG. 10 illustrates an example of a processor that is suitable for implementing some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0053] FIG. 11 illustrates a flowchart of a method that performed by a UE in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0054] FIG. 12 illustrates a flowchart of a method that performed by a network entity in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0055] Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar elements.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0056] Principles of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some embodiments. It is to be understood that these embodiments are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitation as to the scope of the disclosure. The disclosure described herein can be implemented in various manners other than the ones described below. In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
[0057] References in the present disclosure to “one embodiment, ” “an example embodiment, ” “an embodiment, ” “some embodiments, ” and the like indicate that the embodiment (s) described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but it is not necessary that every embodiment includes the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment (s) . Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to affect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described.
[0058] It shall be understood that although the terms “first” and “second” or the like may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another element. For example, a first element could also be termed as a second element, and similarly, a second element could also be termed as a first element, without departing from the scope of embodiments. As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the listed terms. In some examples, values, procedures, or apparatuses are referred to as “best, ” “lowest, ” “highest, ” “minimum, ” “maximum, ” or the like. It will be appreciated that such descriptions are intended to indicate that a selection among many used functional alternatives can be made, and such selections need not be better, smaller, higher, or otherwise preferable to other selections.
[0059] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of embodiments. As used herein, the singular forms “a, ” “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises, ” “comprising, ” “has, ” “having, ” “includes” and / or “including, ” when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, elements, components and / or the like, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components and / or combinations thereof. For example, the term “includes” and its variants are to be read as open terms that mean “includes, but is not limited to. ” The term “based on” is to be read as “based at least in part on. ” The term “one embodiment” and “an embodiment” are to be read as “at least one embodiment. ” The term “another embodiment” is to be read as “at least one other embodiment. ” The use of an expression such as “A and / or B” can mean either “only A” or “only B” or “both A and B. ” Other definitions, explicit and implicit, may be included below.
[0060] Channel state information (CSI) is important for downlink (DL) scheduling. Based on received CSI reported from UE, a base station (BS) can schedule one or more DL transmission with advanced multiple input multiple output (MIMO) scheme and potential high modulation order to enable the higher throughput DL transmission. However, the CSI based on CSI-RS can only be reported when the radio resource control (RRC) connection has been established between the UE and the BS. It means that the BS can only schedule DL transmission with conservative modulation and coding scheme and only single layer can be scheduled.
[0061] DL channel information is important for the gNB to schedule DL data transmission, and different CSI acquisition mechanisms are widely used in 4G LTE and 5G NR. For frequency division duplex (FDD) deployment, the UE needs to report the CSI corresponding to the DL channel to the network, and the CSI is calculated based on measurements of DL reference signals (RS) , e.g., CSI-RS.
[0062] L1 / L2-triggered mobility (LTM) was introduced in NR Rel-18 to reduce handover (HO) latency. Unlike L3-triggered mobility, some radio resource control (RRC) configurations for neighboring cells are provided before switching to the target cell. This mechanism provides the opportunity for early CSI measurement and reporting for neighboring cells. With the reported CSI, advanced DL scheduling can be used to improve DL throughput before establishing the RRC connection.
[0063] In view of this, the present disclosure aims to support early CSI reporting for a cell in LTM and initial access scenarios in both 5G-Advanced and 6G systems. For LTM, UE capability, CSI measurement, and CSI reporting timelines are considered for both gNB-controlled LTM and conditional LTM scenarios. For initial access, CSI reporting is triggered using a random access response (RAR) message during the random access channel (RACH) procedure.
[0064] Aspects of the present disclosure are described in the context of a wireless communications system. FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communications system 100 in which some embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented. The wireless communications system 100 may include one or more network entities 102 (also referred to as network equipment (NE) ) , one or more UEs 104, a core network 106, and a packet data network 108. The wireless communications system 100 may support various radio access technologies. In some implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a 4G network, such as an LTE network or an LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) network. In some other implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a 5G network, such as an NR network. In other implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a combination of a 4G network and a 5G network, or other suitable radio access technology including Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi) , IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) , IEEE 802.20. The wireless communications system 100 may support radio access technologies beyond 5G. Additionally, the wireless communications system 100 may support technologies, such as time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , or code division multiple access (CDMA) , etc.
[0065] The one or more network entities 102 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region to form the wireless communications system 100. One or more of the network entities 102 described herein may be or include or may be referred to as a network node, a base station, a network element, a radio access network (RAN) , a base transceiver station, an access point, a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB (gNB) , or other suitable terminology. A network entity 102 and a UE 104 may communicate via a communication link 110, which may be a wireless or wired connection. For example, a network entity 102 and a UE 104 may perform wireless communication (e.g., receive signaling, transmit signaling) over a Uu interface. In a 3GPP non-terrestrial network (NTN) , a network entity 102 in form of a satellite can directly communicate to UE 104 using NR / LTE Uu interface. The satellite may be a transparent satellite or a regenerative satellite. For NTN with a transparent satellite, a base station on earth may communicate with a UE via the satellite. For NTN with a regenerative satellite, the base station may be on board and directly communicate with the UE.
[0066] A network entity 102 may provide a geographic coverage area 112 for which the network entity 102 may support services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc. ) for one or more UEs 104 within the geographic coverage area 112. For example, a network entity 102 and a UE 104 may support wireless communication of signals related to services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc. ) according to one or multiple radio access technologies. In some implementations, a network entity 102 may be moveable, for example, a satellite associated with a non-terrestrial network. In some implementations, different geographic coverage areas 112 associated with the same or different radio access technologies may overlap, but the different geographic coverage areas 112 may be associated with different network entities 102. Information and signals described herein may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.
[0067] The one or more UEs 104 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region of the wireless communications system 100. A UE 104 may include or may be referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a remote unit, a handheld device, or a subscriber device, or some other suitable terminology. In some implementations, the UE 104 may be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, among other examples. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE 104 may be referred to as an Internet-of-Things (IoT) device, an Internet-of-Everything (IoE) device, or machine-type communication (MTC) device, among other examples. In some implementations, a UE 104 may be stationary in the wireless communications system 100. In some other implementations, a UE 104 may be mobile in the wireless communications system 100.
[0068] The one or more UEs 104 may be devices in different forms or having different capabilities. Some examples of UEs 104 are illustrated in FIG. 1. A UE 104 may be capable of communicating with various types of devices, such as the network entities 102, other UEs 104, or network equipment (e.g., the core network 106, the packet data network 108, a relay device, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, or another network equipment) , as shown in FIG. 1. Additionally, or alternatively, a UE 104 may support communication with other network entities 102 or UEs 104, which may act as relays in the wireless communications system 100.
[0069] A UE 104 may also be able to support wireless communication directly with other UEs 104 over a communication link 114. For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a device-to-device (D2D) communication link. In some implementations, such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) deployments, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) deployments, or cellular-V2X deployments, the communication link 114 may be referred to as a sidelink. For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a PC5 interface.
[0070] A network entity 102 may support communications with the core network 106, or with another network entity 102, or both. For example, a network entity 102 may interface with the core network 106 through one or more backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an S1, N2, N2, or another network interface) . The network entities 102 may communicate with each other over the backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an X2, Xn, or another network interface) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 may communicate with each other directly (e.g., between the network entities 102) . In some other implementations, the network entities 102 may communicate with each other or indirectly (e.g., via the core network 106) . In some implementations, one or more network entities 102 may include subcomponents, such as an access network entity, which may be an example of an access node controller (ANC) . An ANC may communicate with the one or more UEs 104 through one or more other access network transmission entities, which may be referred to as a radio heads, smart radio heads, or transmission-reception points (TRPs) . As used herein, the term “TRP” refers to a transmission-reception point having an antenna array (with one or more antenna elements) at the network side located at a specific geographical location, which may be used for transmitting and receiving signals to / from the terminal device. In embodiment of the present disclosure, a TRP may refer to Macro Cell, micro cell, an RRH, a relay, a femto node, a pico node, etc.
[0071] In some implementations, a network entity 102 may be configured in a disaggregated architecture, which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack physically or logically distributed among two or more network entities 102, such as an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open RAN (O-RAN) (e.g., a network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance) , or a virtualized RAN (vRAN) (e.g., a cloud RAN (C-RAN) ) . For example, a network entity 102 may include one or more of a central unit (CU) , a distributed unit (DU) , a radio unit (RU) , a RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) (e.g., a Near-Real Time RIC (Near-RT RIC) , a Non-Real Time RIC (Non-RT RIC) ) , a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) system, or any combination thereof.
[0072] An RU may also be referred to as a radio head, a smart radio head, a remote radio head (RRH) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , or a transmission reception point (TRP) . One or more components of the network entities 102 in a disaggregated RAN architecture may be co-located, or one or more components of the network entities 102 may be located in distributed locations (e.g., separate physical locations) . In some implementations, one or more network entities 102 of a disaggregated RAN architecture may be implemented as virtual units (e.g., a virtual CU (VCU) , a virtual DU (VDU) , a virtual RU (VRU) ) .
[0073] Split of functionality between a CU, a DU, and an RU may be flexible and may support different functionalities depending upon which functions (e.g., network layer functions, protocol layer functions, baseband functions, radio frequency functions, and any combinations thereof) are performed at a CU, a DU, or an RU. For example, a functional split of a protocol stack may be employed between a CU and a DU such that the CU may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the DU may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. In some implementations, the CU may host upper protocol layer (e.g., a layer 3 (L3) , a layer 2 (L2) ) functionality and signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) , service data adaption protocol (SDAP) , Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) ) . The CU may be connected to one or more DUs or RUs, and the one or more DUs or RUs may host lower protocol layers, such as a layer 1 (L1) (e.g., physical (PHY) layer) or an L2 (e.g., radio link control (RLC) layer, medium access control (MAC) layer) functionality and signaling, and may each be at least partially controlled by the CU 160.
[0074] Additionally, or alternatively, a functional split of the protocol stack may be employed between a DU and an RU such that the DU may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the RU may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. The DU may support one or multiple different cells (e.g., via one or more RUs) . In some implementations, a functional split between a CU and a DU, or between a DU and an RU may be within a protocol layer (e.g., some functions for a protocol layer may be performed by one of a CU, a DU, or an RU, while other functions of the protocol layer are performed by a different one of the CU, the DU, or the RU) .
[0075] A CU may be functionally split further into CU control plane (CU-CP) and CU user plane (CU-UP) functions. A CU may be connected to one or more DUs via a midhaul communication link (e.g., F1, F1-c, F1-u) , and a DU may be connected to one or more RUs via a fronthaul communication link (e.g., open fronthaul (FH) interface) . In some implementations, a midhaul communication link or a fronthaul communication link may be implemented in accordance with an interface (e.g., a channel) between layers of a protocol stack supported by respective network entities 102 that are in communication via such communication links.
[0076] The core network 106 may support user authentication, access authorization, tracking, connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The core network 106 may be an evolved packet core (EPC) , or a 5G core (5GC) , which may include a control plane entity that manages access and mobility (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME) , an access and mobility management functions (AMF) ) and a user plane entity that routes packets or interconnects to external networks (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW) , a Packet Data Network (PDN) gateway (P-GW) , or a user plane function (UPF) ) . In some implementations, the control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions, such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management (e.g., data bearers, signal bearers, etc. ) for the one or more UEs 104 served by the one or more network entities 102 associated with the core network 106.
[0077] The core network 106 may communicate with the packet data network 108 over one or more backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an S1, N2, N2, or another network interface) . The packet data network 108 may include an application server 118. In some implementations, one or more UEs 104 may communicate with the application server 118. A UE 104 may establish a session (e.g., a protocol data unit (PDU) session, or the like) with the core network 106 via a network entity 102. The core network 106 may route traffic (e.g., control information, data, and the like) between the UE 104 and the application server 118 using the established session (e.g., the established PDU session) . The PDU session may be an example of a logical connection between the UE 104 and the core network 106 (e.g., one or more network functions of the core network 106) .
[0078] In the wireless communications system 100, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may use resources of the wireless communications system 100 (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers) ) to perform various operations (e.g., wireless communications) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support different resource structures. For example, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support different frame structures. In some implementations, such as in 4G, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support a single frame structure. In some other implementations, such as in 5G and among other suitable radio access technologies, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures (i.e., multiple frame structures) . The network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures based on one or more numerologies.
[0079] One or more numerologies may be supported in the wireless communications system 100, and a numerology may include a subcarrier spacing and a cyclic prefix. A first numerology (e.g., μ=0) may be associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. In some implementations, the first numerology (e.g., μ=0) associated with the first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may utilize one slot per subframe. A second numerology (e.g., μ=1) may be associated with a second subcarrier spacing (e.g., 30 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A third numerology (e.g., μ=2) may be associated with a third subcarrier spacing (e.g., 60 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix or an extended cyclic prefix. A fourth numerology (e.g., μ=3) may be associated with a fourth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 120 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A fifth numerology (e.g., μ=4) may be associated with a fifth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 240 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix.
[0080] A time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to frames (also referred to as radio frames) . Each frame may have a duration, for example, a 10 millisecond (ms) duration. In some implementations, each frame may include multiple subframes. For example, each frame may include 10 subframes, and each subframe may have a duration, for example, a 1 ms duration. In some implementations, each frame may have the same duration. In some implementations, each subframe of a frame may have the same duration.
[0081] Additionally or alternatively, a time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to slots. For example, a subframe may include a number (e.g., quantity) of slots. The number of slots in each subframe may also depend on the one or more numerologies supported in the wireless communications system 100. For instance, the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth numerologies (i.e., μ=0, μ=1, μ=2, μ=3, μ=4) associated with respective subcarrier spacings of 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz, 120 kHz, and 240 kHz may utilize a single slot per subframe, two slots per subframe, four slots per subframe, eight slots per subframe, and 16 slots per subframe, respectively. Each slot may include a number (e.g., quantity) of symbols (e.g., OFDM symbols) . In some implementations, the number (e.g., quantity) of slots for a subframe may depend on a numerology. For a normal cyclic prefix, a slot may include 14 symbols. For an extended cyclic prefix (e.g., applicable for 60 kHz subcarrier spacing) , a slot may include 12 symbols. The relationship between the number of symbols per slot, the number of slots per subframe, and the number of slots per frame for a normal cyclic prefix and an extended cyclic prefix may depend on a numerology. It should be understood that reference to a first numerology (e.g., μ=0) associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may be used interchangeably between subframes and slots.
[0082] In the wireless communications system 100, an electromagnetic (EM) spectrum may be split, based on frequency or wavelength, into various classes, frequency bands, frequency channels, etc. By way of example, the wireless communications system 100 may support one or multiple operating frequency bands, such as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz –7.125 GHz) , FR2 (24.25 GHz –52.6 GHz) , FR3 (7.125 GHz –24.25 GHz) , FR4 (52.6 GHz –114.25 GHz) , FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz –71 GHz) , and FR5 (114.25 GHz –300 GHz) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may perform wireless communications over one or more of the operating frequency bands. In some implementations, FR1 may be used by the network entities 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for cellular communications traffic (e.g., control information, data) . In some implementations, FR2 may be used by the network entities 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for short-range, high data rate capabilities.
[0083] FR1 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least three numerologies) . For example, FR1 may be associated with a first numerology (e.g., μ=0) , which includes 15 kHz subcarrier spacing; a second numerology (e.g., μ=1) , which includes 30 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a third numerology (e.g., μ=2) , which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing. FR2 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least 2 numerologies) . For example, FR2 may be associated with a third numerology (e.g., μ=2) , which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a fourth numerology (e.g., μ=3) , which includes 120 kHz subcarrier spacing.
[0084] The UE may be configured with some UE specific resources by a serving cell to measure one or more candidate cells. For example, the serving cell may configure the UE 201 to receive and measure CSI-RS resources with one or more antenna ports from candidate cell (s) to obtain the CSI for the candidate cell (s) before switching to the candidate cell (s) .
[0085] To support early CSI acquisition with reasonable complexity, the UE may be indicated to report the CSI corresponding to a candidate cell only when the UE receives a cell switch command (CSC) indicating the UE to switch to the candidate cell. This way, the UE only needs to perform the CSI calculation for one candidate cell, rather than for all candidate cells
[0086] The CSI-RS resources or CSI-RS resource set (s) for a candidate cell used for early CSI report can be configured by the serving cell, e.g., provided by of the LTM-Candidate corresponding to each candidate cell. One or more CSI report configurations, e.g., by CSI-ReportConfig, are configured by the serving cell in the LTM-Config IE, which is used to configure the necessary parameters for the UE to perform the LTM-based handover. Each CSI report configuration may be associated with a candidate cell and the CSI-RS resources for channel measurement may be associated with the same candidate cell. The CSI-RS resource may be periodic, semi-persistent or aperiodic.
[0087] When periodic CSI-RS resources are configured as channel measurement resource (CMR) , each periodic CSI-RS resource is associated with a CandidateTCI-State, which is provided in LTM-Candidate for the candidate cell. In this case, the UE 201 may buffer the CSI-RS resources using the corresponding CandidateTCI-State (joint or DL TCI state) before receiving the cell switch command. Alternatively, the UE 201 may begin buffering the CSI-RS resources only when the associated CandidateTCI-State is activated.
[0088] When semi-persistent (SP) CSI-RS resources are configured as CMR, each semi-persistent CSI-RS resource may be associated with an activated CandidateTCI-State. One or more CandidateTCI-State can be activated by a medium access control (MAC) control element (MAC CE) for a candidate cell before receiving cell switch command.
[0089] When a UE receives a MAC CE to activate one or more CandidateTCI-State for a candidate cell, it may apply the first CandidateTCI-State (joint or DL TCI state) to the 1st SP CSI-RS resource contained in the NZP CSI-RS resource set associated with the CSI report configuration, the second CandidateTCI-State (joint or DL TCI state) to the 2nd SP CSI-RS resource contained in the same NZP CSI-RS resource set, and so on. The UE assumes that the SP CSI-RS resources are activated when the UE received a MAC CE to activate one or more CandidateTCI-State to a candidate cell. The gNB may ensure that the number of SP CSI-RS resources associated with the CSI report configuration for early CSI equals to the number of activated CandidateTCI-State for a candidate cell. The UE may begin buffering the CSI-RS resources after receiving the candidate TCI state activation command for the candidate cell.
[0090] When aperiodic CSI-RS resource is configured as CMR, only one CSI-RS resource is configured in the non-zero power (NZP) CSI resource set configured as CMR. The CSI-RS may be transmitted after the cell switch command is sent to the UE. The UE may apply the CandidateTCI-State (joint or DL TCI state) indicated in the cell switch command to the CSI-RS resource reception.
[0091] FIG. 2 illustrates a process flow 200 for early CSI acquisition for LTM in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. The process flow 200 may involve a UE 201 and a network entity (NW) (e.g. a base station, such as gNB) 202. The process flow 200 may be applied to the wireless communications system 100 with reference to FIG. 1, for example, the UE 201 may be any of UEs 104, and the network entity 202 may be or comprise any of the network entities 102. For example, the network entity 202 may be or include a base station providing a serving cell for the UE 201 and / or base station (s) providing candidate cell (s) . It would be appreciated that the process flow 200 may be applied to other communication scenarios.
[0092] At 210, the UE 201 reports its capability 215 on whether to support channel state information (CSI) measurement during a handover (HO) period. Correspondingly, at 220, the network entity 202 receives the UE capability 215 from the UE 201. Supporting CSI measurement during handover means that the UE 201 can perform CSI-RS reception and / or calculation and apply a cell switch command (CSC) in parallel. Otherwise, the UE 201 performs CSI-RS reception / calculation separately from the handover procedure.
[0093] At 230, the UE 201 reports CSI 235 for candidate cell (s) before a radio resource control (RRC) connection is established between the UE and a target cell for handover. Correspondingly, at 240, the network entity 202 receives the CSI 235 for candidate cell (s) from the UE 201. The network entity 202 may cause the target cell to receive the CSI 235 before the RRC connection is established. In this way, early CSI reporting and greater throughput on the target cell immediately after handover can be achieved.
[0094] Depending on the cell switch mode (e.g., gNB controlled LTM or conditional LTM) , the UE 201 may report the CSI 235 to different cells. For gNB-controlled LTM where the serving cell transmits the CSC to the UE 201, the UE 201 reports the CSI 235 to the target cell as indicated in the CSC. For conditional LTM, the UE 201 determines the target cell without receiving the CSC, and before switch to the target cell, the UE 201 sends the CSI corresponding to different candidate cells to the serving cell and the serving cell distributes the CSI to the different candidate cells via the Xn and / or F1 interface.
[0095] FIG. 3 illustrates a process flow 300 for early CSI reporting for gNB-controlled LTM in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0096] At step 301, the serving cell transmits a cell switch command (CSC) to the UE.When the target cell is indicated by the CSC sending by the serving cell, the UE may only need to calculate the CSI based on the measurement on the CSI-RS from the target cell using the indicated CandidateTCI-State (joint or DL TCI state) to limit the UE complexity. Then, the UE may directly send the calculated CSI to the target cell to avoid the inter-CU / DU / Cell coordination. The following methods can be used to report the CSI.
[0097] In some embodiments, the UE may send a first UL transmission (e.g., RRC complete message) to the target cell at step 303 as illustrated in FIG. 3. Then, the UE can carry / piggyback the CSI in the first PUSCH transmission to the target cell. Different UE behaviors can be specified based on different UE capability on whether it supports CSI measurement during a handover period.
[0098] If the UE can perform CSI-RS reception and / or CSI calculation concurrently with CSC command application, it may calculate the CSI based on aperiodic CSI-RS which is received after receiving the CSC. For example, the aperiodic CSI-RS resource may be triggered by the CSC, and at step 302, the target cell transmits the aperiodic CSI-RS resource. The triggering offset of the aperiodic CSI-RS transmission is determined with respect to the CSC. Alternatively, the UE may perform CSI measurement on periodic and semi-persistent CSI-RS resources, for example, it may buffer the resources before receiving the CSC and only calculate the CSI corresponding the target after receiving the CSC from the serving cell.
[0099] If the UE doesn’ t have the capability to perform CSI-RS reception and / or CSI calculation concurrently with CSC command application, the UE may receive and buffer CSI-RS, and calculate the CSI before receiving the CSC based on the received CSI-RS to ensure that the CSI can be reported in the first UL transmission. The maximum number of buffered CSI-RS before CSC should be subject to UE capability.
[0100] Periodic and semi-persistent CSI-RS can be used, and the UE needs to calculate CSI for multiple CSI-RS resources for different candidate cells. To avoid calculating CSI based on multiple CSI-RS resources, the UE may only buffer the CSI-RS resources before receiving the CSC while only calculate the CSI corresponding to the target cell after receiving CSC. Compared with legacy LTM without early CSI reporting in the first UL transmission, an additional HO latency for CSI calculation may be introduced in the cell switch interruption time.
[0101] In some embodiments, for RACH based LTM, a RACH procedure can be triggered by the CSC for early TA acquisition, then the CSI can be transmitted using a PUSCH scheduled by a random access response message in the target cell, before transmitting the first UL transmission. For example, the CSI may be transmitted in the Msg. 3 or Msg. B. In this embodiment, when aperiodic CSI-RS is used for CSI measurement, the CSI-RS should be received before the RACH procedure.
[0102] In some embodiments, the UE may transmit the CSI after sending the first UL transmission. For example, the CSC can include a UL grant to schedule a PUSCH to carry the CSI report, where the scheduled PUSCH should satisfy the timing requirement to apply the CSC, the requirement for the CSI computation and the PUSCH preparation time requirement. The scheduled PUSCH can be transmitted after the first UL transmission.
[0103] As illustrated in FIG. 3, an aperiodic CSI-RS is triggered by the CSC, e.g., by a CSI request field contained in the CSC, and transmitted at step 302. The CSC also contains a UL grant field scheduling a PUSCH to carry the CSI report. At step 4, the UE transmits CSI via the PUSCH scheduled by the CSC. The scheduled PUSCH can be the first UL transmission or after the first UL transmission.
[0104] In this embodiment, the serving cell may notify the aperiodic CSI-RS resource and the scheduled PUSCH to the target cell. An offset for the scheduled PUSCH, defined as the time between the last symbol of the PDSCH carrying the cell switch command and the first symbol for the PUSCH transmission, satisfies timing requirements that the UE applies the cell switch command, calculates the CSI and prepares the PUSCH transmission.
[0105] FIG. 4 illustrates a process flow 400 for early CSI reporting for conditional LTM in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0106] When conditional LTM is configured, the serving cell configures several candidate cells for the UE to perform LTM based handover and the target cell can be determined by the UE without receiving a CSC. For this case, the serving cell and the candidate cells have no idea on the target cell.
[0107] At step 401, the UE reports CSI corresponding to different candidate cells to the serving cell. At step 402, the serving cell sends the CSI to the different candidate cells. In some embodiments, the UE may receive periodic and / or semi-persistent CSI-RS resources for different candidate cells and may report CSI for at least one candidate cell to the serving cell. Then, the serving cell distributes the CSI to the different candidate cells via the Xn / F1 interface.
[0108] In some embodiments, the UE may perform CSI measurement and CSI report based on CSI-RS resources associated with an activated transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state for a candidate cell, e.g., CandidateTCI-State configured for a candidate cell.
[0109] Periodic CSI report based on periodic CSI-RS measurement can be supported, where each CSI-RS associated with a CandidateTCI-State configured for the candidate cell. Semi-persistent (SP) CSI report based on periodic CSI-RS measurement can also be supported. SP CSI report can be activated when one or more candidate TCI states are activated for a candidate cell and the UE only needs to report the CSI corresponding to the CSI-RS associated with the activated candidate TCI states to the serving cell.
[0110] SP CSI report based on SP CSI-RS can also be supported. When one or more candidate TCI states are activated for a candidate cell, the serving cell may further activate one or more CSI-RS resources for the candidate cell and each CSI-RS resource is associated with an activated candidate TCI state for this candida cell. After that the serving cell may further activate the SP CSI report based on the activated CSI-RS resources for a serving cell.
[0111] Additionally or alternatively, the UE may report the CSI corresponding to each of the CSI-RS resources configured as the channel measurement resource associated with the CSI report configuration.
[0112] FIG. 5 illustrates a process flow 500 for timing advance (TA) acquisition for conditional LTM in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0113] Different from the early TA acquisition for LTM with CSC, where random access response (RAR) is not needed after sending the preamble to a candidate cell since the corresponding TA value can be indicated in the CSC if a candidate cell is indicated as the target cell, the TA value corresponding to the candidate cell should be indicated to the UE because there is no CSC for conditional LTM.
[0114] At step 501, the serving cell transmits a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) order triggering the UE to perform a RACH procedure with the candidate cell (s) . At step 502, the UE transmits a preamble to the candidate cell. At step 503, the candidate cell calculates the TA value based on the received preamble. At step 504, the candidate cell sends the calculated TA value to the serving cell. At step 505, the serving cell sends a MAC CE indicating the TA value corresponding to the candidate cell to the UE.
[0115] In some embodiments, the serving cell may send an RAR at least including the TA value corresponding to the candidate cell to the UE. If the UE attempts to detect the DCI format 1_0 with cyclic redundant check (CRC) scrambled by the corresponding RA-RNTI in response to a PRACH transmission initiated by a PDCCH order and if the PDCCH order triggers a contention-free random access procedure for a candidate cell, the UE may assume the DM-RS antenna port quasi co-location properties of the CORESET associated with the Type1-PDCCH CSS set for receiving the PDCCH that includes the DCI format 1_0 and the PDSCH scheduled by the DCI format 1_0
[0116] In some embodiments, the TA value is carried by a MAC CE containing candidate cell information. A dedicated MAC CE may be used to indicate the TA value (s) corresponding to the one or more candidate cell (s) . An example of the MAC CE format is provided in FIG. 6, where up to 8 candidate cells are assumed can be configured for a UE.
[0117] In some embodiments, the MAC may a TA group identity (TAG ID) including the candidate cell to indicate the TA value. Because each candidate cell may belong to a TAG with a TAG identity (ID) , the serving cell may directly transmit the TA value corresponding to the TAG to the UE via a MAC CE other than sending a RAR MAC CE. An example of the MAC CE format is provided in FIG. 7.
[0118] FIG. 8 illustrates a process flow 800 for early CSI report in an initial access procedure in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0119] Different reference signals can be used for CSI measurement for different scenarios before establishing the RRC connection. In addition to the LTM scenario as discussed, early CSI reporting can also be applied to the initial access scenario. Note that only synchronization signal / physical broadcast channel block (SSB) is available for the initial access scenario while CSI-RS can be used in LTM.
[0120] The system information block (SIB) may be used to indicate the UE to report the CSI, and the UE may report the CSI in the message 3 (Msg 3) of the RACH procedure. This CSI can be used for scheduling the PDSCH and / or PUSCH with advanced Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) before sending the RRCReconfigurationComplete message.
[0121] In some embodiments, the RAR MAC CE in RACH of NR system reserved a 1-bit CSI request field in the UL grant field. This CSI request field can be used to enable the early CSI report. The procedure is provided in FIG. 8.
[0122] At step 801, the UE transmits a random access preamble (Msg 1) to a gNB. At step 802, the gNB transmits a RAR message (Mgs 2) including a CSI request field to trigger the CSI report in Msg 3. At step 803, the UE transmits CSI using a PUSCH scheduled by the RAR message. At step 804, the gNB transmits PDSCH with UE contention resolution identity (Msg 4) to the UE.
[0123] Different from LTE, only SSB can be used by the UE for measurement in NR and 6G system. The UE may perform CSI measurement on the latest SS / PBCH block selected for RACH association at least Z symbols / slots before sending the Msg. 3, where Z symbols / slots are used for the CSI calculation.
[0124] Alternatively, the UE may obtain the CSI based on multiple transmission occasions of a same SSB used for the RACH transmission. The number of transmission occasions of a same SSB can be a fixed or predefined value.
[0125] Since only single port SSB can be used for CSI measurement and calculation, the CSI in the initial access may include only one or more of: channel quality indicator (CQI) , L1-reference signal received power (L1-RSRP) , or L1-signal to interference plus noise ratio (L1-SINR) .
[0126] For CQI, the CQI indices and their interpretations are given in Table 5.2.2.1-2 specified in TS38.214 for reporting CQI based on QPSK, 16QAM and 64QAM. Rank 1 transmission is assumed. The table is reproduces below.
[0127] A wideband CQI corresponding to the SSB band is reported with 4bits. The UE may derive the highest CQI index which satisfies the condition below.- A single PDSCH transport block with a combination of modulation scheme, target code rate and transport block size corresponding to the CQI index and occupying a group of downlink physical resource blocks could be received with a transport block error probability not exceeding 0.1. The group of downlink physical resource blocks corresponds to the bandwidth of the initial DL BWP.
[0128] For L1-RSRP, the reported L1-RSRP value is defined by a 7-bit value in the range [-140, -44] dBm with 1dB step size. For L1-SINR, the reported L1-SINR value is defined by a 7-bit value in the range [-23, 40] dB with 0.5 dB step size. A special value of the CSI field can be reserved for the UE to indicate that CSI is not included in Msg. 3 if the UE doesn’ t support the capability for early CSI report.
[0129] In some embodiments, the CSI may have a fixed number of bits and may be carried by the PUSCH transited in Msg 3. The CSI may be taken as an uplink control information (UCI) and is independently coded by a Block code or Polar code. Alternatively, to avoid increasing the UE complexity, the UCI may be jointly coded with the UL-SCH (shared channel) in Msg. 3. The coded bits corresponding to the CSI may be multiplexed with the UL-SCH for the PUSCH.
[0130] FIG. 9 illustrates an example of a device that is suitable for implementing some embodiments of the present disclosure. The device 900 may be an example of a UE 104 or network entity 102 as described herein. The device 900 may support wireless communication with one or more network entities 102, UEs 104, or any combination thereof. The device 900 may include components for bi-directional communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, such as a processor 902, a memory 904, a transceiver 906, and, optionally, an I / O controller 908. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .
[0131] The processor 902, the memory 904, the transceiver 906, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of the present disclosure as described herein. For example, the processor 902, the memory 904, the transceiver 906, or various combinations or components thereof may support a method for performing one or more of the operations described herein.
[0132] In some implementations, the processor 902, the memory 904, the transceiver 906, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communications management circuitry) . The hardware may include a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure. In some implementations, the processor 902 and the memory 904 coupled with the processor 902 may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., executing, by the processor 902, instructions stored in the memory 904) .
[0133] For example, the processor 902 may support wireless communication at the device 900 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The device 900 may be an example of a UE 104. In this case, the processor 902 may be configured to operable to support means for reporting, a capability on whether to support CSI measurement during a handover period; and means for reporting CSI before an RRC connection is established between the UE and a target cell for handover.
[0134] The device 900 may be an example of a network entity, e.g., a network entity 102. In this case, the processor 902 may be configured to operable to support means for receiving, from a UE, a capability on whether to support CSI measurement during a handover period; and means for causing a target cell for handover to receive CSI before an RRC connection is established between the UE and the target cell.
[0135] The processor 902 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof) . In some implementations, the processor 902 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other implementations, a memory controller may be integrated into the processor 902. The processor 902 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., the memory 904) to cause the device 900 to perform various functions of the present disclosure.
[0136] The memory 904 may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM) . The memory 904 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 902 cause the device 900 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some implementations, the code may not be directly executable by the processor 902 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein. In some implementations, the memory 904 may include, among other things, a basic I / O system (BIOS) which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices.
[0137] The I / O controller 908 may manage input and output signals for the device 900. The I / O controller 908 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the device 900. In some implementations, the I / O controller 908 may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral. In some implementations, the I / O controller 908 may utilize an operating system such as or another known operating system. In some implementations, the I / O controller 908 may be implemented as part of a processor, such as the processor 902. In some implementations, a user may interact with the device 900 via the I / O controller 908 or via hardware components controlled by the I / O controller 908.
[0138] In some implementations, the device 900 may include a single antenna 910. However, in some other implementations, the device 900 may have more than one antenna 910 (i.e., multiple antennas) , including multiple antenna panels or antenna arrays, which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. The transceiver 906 may communicate bi-directionally, via the one or more antennas 910, wired, or wireless links as described herein. For example, the transceiver 906 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver 906 may also include a modem to modulate the packets, to provide the modulated packets to one or more antennas 910 for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the one or more antennas 910. The transceiver 906 may include one or more transmit chains, one or more receive chains, or a combination thereof.
[0139] A transmit chain may be configured to generate and transmit signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) . The transmit chain may include at least one modulator for modulating data onto a carrier signal, preparing the signal for transmission over a wireless medium. The at least one modulator may be configured to support one or more techniques such as amplitude modulation (AM) , frequency modulation (FM) , or digital modulation schemes like phase-shift keying (PSK) or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) . The transmit chain may also include at least one power amplifier configured to amplify the modulated signal to an appropriate power level suitable for transmission over the wireless medium. The transmit chain may also include one or more antennas 910 for transmitting the amplified signal into the air or wireless medium.
[0140] A receive chain may be configured to receive signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) over a wireless medium. For example, the receive chain may include one or more antennas 910 for receive the signal over the air or wireless medium. The receive chain may include at least one amplifier (e.g., a low-noise amplifier (LNA) ) configured to amplify the received signal. The receive chain may include at least one demodulator configured to demodulate the receive signal and obtain the transmitted data by reversing the modulation technique applied during transmission of the signal. The receive chain may include at least one decoder for decoding the processing the demodulated signal to receive the transmitted data.
[0141] [Rectified under Rule 91, 04.03.2025]FIG. 10 illustrates an example of a processor 1000 is suitable for implementing some embodiments of the present disclosure. The processor 1000 may be an example of a processor configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 1000 may include a controller 1002 configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 1000 may optionally include at least one memory 1004. Additionally, or alternatively, the processor 1000 may optionally include one or more arithmetic-logic units (ALUs) 1006. One or more of these components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .
[0142] The processor 1000 may be a processor chipset and include a protocol stack (e.g., a software stack) executed by the processor chipset to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor chipset may include one or more cores, one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 1000) or other memory (e.g., random access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , dynamic RAM (DRAM) , synchronous dynamic RAM (SDRAM) , static RAM (SRAM) , ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM) , magnetic RAM (MRAM) , resistive RAM (RRAM) , flash memory, phase change memory (PCM) , and others) .
[0143] The controller 1002 may be configured to manage and coordinate various operations (e.g., signaling, receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) of the processor 1000 to cause the processor 1000 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. For example, the controller 1002 may operate as a control unit of the processor 1000, generating control signals that manage the operation of various components of the processor 1000. These control signals include enabling or disabling functional units, selecting data paths, initiating memory access, and coordinating timing of operations.
[0144] The controller 1002 may be configured to fetch (e.g., obtain, retrieve, receive) instructions from the memory 1004 and determine subsequent instruction (s) to be executed to cause the processor 1000 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The controller 1002 may be configured to track memory address of instructions associated with the memory 1004. The controller 1002 may be configured to decode instructions to determine the operation to be performed and the operands involved. For example, the controller 1002 may be configured to interpret the instruction and determine control signals to be output to other components of the processor 1000 to cause the processor 1000 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. Additionally, or alternatively, the controller 1002 may be configured to manage flow of data within the processor 1000. The controller 1002 may be configured to control transfer of data between registers, arithmetic logic units (ALUs) , and other functional units of the processor 1000.
[0145] The memory 1004 may include one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor 1000 or other memory, such RAM, ROM, DRAM, SDRAM, SRAM, MRAM, flash memory, etc. In some implementation, the memory 1004 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., local to the processor 1000) . In some other implementations, the memory 1004 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., remote to the processor 1000) .
[0146] The memory 1004 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 1000, cause the processor 1000 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. The controller 1002 and / or the processor 1000 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in the memory 1004 to cause the processor 1000 to perform various functions. For example, the processor 1000 and / or the controller 1002 may be coupled with or to the memory 1004, the processor 1000, the controller 1002, and the memory 1004 may be configured to perform various functions described herein. In some examples, the processor 1000 may include multiple processors and the memory 1004 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions herein.
[0147] The one or more ALUs 1006 may be configured to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementation, the one or more ALUs 1006 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., the processor 1000) . In some other implementations, the one or more ALUs 1006 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 1000) . One or more ALUs 1006 may perform one or more computations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division on data. For example, one or more ALUs 1006 may receive input operands and an operation code, which determines an operation to be executed. One or more ALUs 1006 be configured with a variety of logical and arithmetic circuits, including adders, subtractors, shifters, and logic gates, to process and manipulate the data according to the operation. Additionally, or alternatively, the one or more ALUs 1006 may support logical operations such as AND, OR, exclusive-OR (XOR) , not-OR (NOR) , and not-AND (NAND) , enabling the one or more ALUs 1006 to handle conditional operations, comparisons, and bitwise operations.
[0148] The processor 1000 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 1000 may implemented at a UE 104. In this case, the processor 1000 may be configured to operable to support means for reporting, a capability on whether to support CSI measurement during a handover period; and means for reporting CSI before an RRC connection is established between the UE and a target cell for handover.
[0149] The processor 1000 may implemented at a network entity 102, e.g. a base station. In this case, the processor 1000 may be configured to operable to support means for receiving, from a UE, a capability on whether to support CSI measurement during a handover period; and means for causing a target cell for handover to receive CSI before an RRC connection is established between the UE and the target cell.
[0150] FIG. 11 illustrates a flowchart of a method 1100 performed by a UE in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1100 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1100 may be performed by a UE 104 as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0151] At 1110, the method may include reporting, a capability on whether to support channel state information (CSI) measurement during a handover period. The operations of 1110 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1110 may be performed by a UE 104 as described with reference to FIG. 1.
[0152] At 1120, the method may include reporting CSI before a radio resource control (RRC) connection is established between the UE and a target cell for handover. The operations of 1120 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1120 may be performed by a UE 104 as described with reference to FIG. 1.
[0153] FIG. 12 illustrates a flowchart of a method 1200 performed by a network entity in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1200 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1200 may be performed by a network entity 102 as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0154] At 1210, the method may include receiving, from a user equipment (UE) , a capability on whether to support channel state information (CSI) measurement during a handover period. The operations of 1210 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1210 may be performed by a network entity 102 as described with reference to FIG. 1.
[0155] At 1220, the method may include causing a target cell for handover to receive CSI before a radio resource control (RRC) connection is established between the UE and the target cell. The operations of 1220 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1220 may be performed by a network entity 102 as described with reference to FIG. 1.
[0156] It should be noted that the methods described herein describes possible implementations, and that the operations and the steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and that other implementations are possible. Further, aspects from two or more of the methods may be combined.
[0157] The various illustrative blocks and components described in connection with the disclosure herein may be implemented or performed with a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a CPU, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.
[0158] The functions described herein may be implemented in hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are within the scope of the disclosure and appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, functions described herein may be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or combinations of any of these. Features implementing functions may also be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations.
[0159] Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer. By way of example, non-transitory computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) , flash memory, compact disk (CD) ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium that may be used to carry or store desired program code means in the form of instructions or data structures and that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer, or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor.
[0160] As used herein, including in the claims, an article “a” before an element is unrestricted and understood to refer to “at least one” of those elements or “one or more” of those elements. The terms “a, ” “at least one, ” “one or more, ” and “at least one of one or more” may be interchangeable. As used herein, including in the claims, “or” as used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items prefaced by a phrase such as “at least one of” or “one or more of” or “one or both of” ) indicates an inclusive list such that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C) . Also, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step that is described as “based on condition A” may be based on both a condition A and a condition B without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall be construed in the same manner as the phrase “based at least in part on. Further, as used herein, including in the claims, a “set” may include one or more elements.
[0161] The description herein is provided to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be apparent to a person having ordinary skill in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims
1.A user equipment (UE) comprising:a processor; anda transceiver coupled to the processor,wherein the processor is configured to:report, a capability on whether to support channel state information (CSI) measurement during a handover period; andreport CSI before a radio resource control (RRC) connection is established between the UE and a target cell for handover.2.The UE of claim 1, wherein the CSI is reported to the target cell after the UE receives a cell switch command from a serving cell.3.The UE of claim 2, wherein the UE supports CSI measurement during a handover period, and the processor is further configured to:receive an aperiodic CSI-reference signal (CSI-RS) resource triggered by the cell switch command; andcalculate CSI based on the aperiodic CSI-RS resource during the handover period.4.The UE of claim 2, wherein the processor is further configured to:receive periodic and / or semi-persistent CSI-RS resources before receiving the cell switch command; andcalculate CSI based on the received CSI-RS resources.5.The UE of claim 4, wherein the UE does not support CSI measurement during a handover period, and to calculate CSI based on the received CSI-RS resources, the processor is configured to:calculate CSI for different candidate cells based on the received CSI-RS resources before receiving the cell switch command.6.The UE of claim 4, wherein the UE does not support CSI measurement during a handover period, and to calculate CSI based on the received CSI-RS resources, the processor is configured to:calculate CSI corresponding to the target cell after receiving the cell switch command.7.The UE of claim 6, wherein an interruption time caused by handover includes an additional time gap for CSI calculation.8.The UE of claim 2, wherein the cell switch command includes a CSI request to trigger a CSI report for the target cell, and the CSI is carried in a PUSCH scheduled by the cell switch command.9.The UE of claim 8, wherein an offset for the PUSCH, defined as the time between the last symbol of the PDSCH carrying the cell switch command and the first symbol for the PUSCH transmission, satisfies timing requirements that the UE applies the cell switch command, calculates the CSI and prepares the PUSCH transmission.10.The UE of claim 8, wherein the scheduled PUSCH is the first UL transmission in the target cell or after the first UL transmission in the target cell.11.The UE of claim 1, wherein the UE is configured with conditional handover and configured with periodic and / or semi-persistent CSI report, and to report CSI, the processor is configured to:receive periodic and / or semi-persistent CSI-RS resources for different candidate cells; andreport CSI for at least one candidate cell to a serving cell.12.The UE of claim 11, wherein the processor is further configured to:perform CSI measurement and CSI report based on CSI-RS resources associated with an activated transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state for a candidate cell.13.The UE of claim 11, wherein the processor is further configured to:transmit a RACH preamble to a candidate cell; andreceive a timing advance (TA) value for a candidate cell from a serving cell.14.The UE of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to:receive, during a RACH procedure for initial access, a random access response message triggering a CSI report; andtransmit CSI using a PUSCH scheduled by the random access response message.15.The UE of claim 14, wherein the CSI includes at least one of: channel quality indicator (CQI) , L1-reference signal received power (L1-RSRP) , or L1-signal to interference plus noise ratio (L1-SINR) .16.The UE of claim 14, wherein the processor is further configured to:calculate the CSI based on a synchronization signal / physical broadcast channel block (SSB) selected for RACH association at least Z symbols or slots before sending the PUSCH, where Z symbols or slots are used for CSI calculation.17.The UE of claim 14, wherein the CSI is independently coded to a fixed size and is carried in the PUSCH.18.A network entity comprising:a processor; anda transceiver coupled to the processor,wherein the processor is configured to:receive, from a user equipment (UE) , a capability on whether to support channel state information (CSI) measurement during a handover period; andcause a target cell for handover to receive CSI before a radio resource control (RRC) connection is established between the UE and the target cell.19.A processor for wireless communication, comprising:at least one memory; anda controller coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the controller to:report, a capability on whether to support channel state information (CSI) measurement during a handover period; andreport CSI before a radio resource control (RRC) connection is established between the UE and a target cell for handover.20.A method performed by a user equipment (UE) , the method comprising:reporting, a capability on whether to support channel state information (CSI) measurement during a handover period; andreporting CSI before a radio resource control (RRC) connection is established between the UE and a target cell for handover.
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