Method and test system for testing fire protection concepts in the warehousing of accumulators

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of testing and / or approving fire protection concepts in the warehousing and / or storage of accumulators. In particular, the present invention relates to a method and a test system for the testing and / or approval of fire protection concepts in the warehousing and / or storage of accumulators, in particular for checking the effectiveness and / or reliability of a fire protection system in the warehousing and / or storage of accumulators, preferably across types.

Description

[0001] Method and test facility for testing fire protection concepts in the storage of accumulators

[0002] The present invention relates to the technical field of testing and / or approval of fire protection concepts for the storage and / or warehousing of accumulators.

[0003] In particular, the present invention relates to a method for testing and / or approving fire protection concepts for the storage and / or safekeeping of accumulators, especially for verifying the effectiveness and / or reliability of a fire protection system for the preferably cross-type storage and / or safekeeping of accumulators.

[0004] Furthermore, the present invention relates to a test facility for testing and / or approving fire protection concepts for the storage and / or safekeeping of accumulators, in particular for verifying the effectiveness and / or reliability of a fire protection system for the preferably cross-type storage and / or safekeeping of accumulators.

[0005] Furthermore, the present invention relates to the use of a test facility for testing and / or validating fire protection concepts in the storage and / or safekeeping of accumulators in a storage facility, in particular for verifying the effectiveness and / or reliability of a fire protection system in the preferably cross-type storage and / or safekeeping of accumulators.

[0006] Furthermore, the present invention also relates to a computer program product comprising instructions that cause a detection and / or evaluation device of an experimental setup to perform the process steps of detecting and / or determining at least one reference parameter or comparison parameter that at least partially characterizes and / or depicts the fire behavior of a first or second accumulator and / or a reference setup or a comparison setup, and / or that is at least partially attributable to the fire behavior of the first or second accumulator and / or the reference setup or comparison setup. In addition, the present invention also relates to the use of a reference setup or a comparison setup and / or a first or second accumulator in a reference setup or comparison setup.Comparative setup for testing and / or approval of fire protection concepts for the storage and / or safekeeping of accumulators, in particular for verifying the effectiveness and / or reliability of a fire protection system for the preferably cross-type storage and / or safekeeping of accumulators.

[0007] The effectiveness and reliability of fire protection concepts and systems, especially sprinkler systems, are assessed in practice based on recognized guidelines and standards. For example, the effectiveness and reliability of a fire protection system can be confirmed during an initial acceptance test if guidelines and standards for the planning and installation of the system technology (e.g., sprinkler systems, gas extinguishing systems) are available.

[0008] The activities of VdS Schadenverhütung (VdS) in the field of fire protection are geared towards testing the effectiveness and reliability of installed fire protection systems with the aim of being able to confirm their effectiveness and reliability during acceptance and recurring inspections of installed fire protection systems.

[0009] The basis for reviewing a fire protection concept is a corresponding description of the protection concept, which is examined and evaluated with regard to requirements for planning and installation, the safety philosophy, and with regard to the need for fire tests or component tests.

[0010] The design and dimensioning of a fire protection system, particularly a sprinkler system, depends on the fire load or flammability of the materials or products to be stored. These are assigned to individual fire hazard classes: low, medium, and high fire risk. The fire risk of the stored goods depends specifically on the flammability of the stored material, including its packaging, as well as the storage method. A procedure for determining the design criteria for fire protection systems for storing goods under different storage conditions is detailed in the VdS guideline VdS CEA 4001: "Planning and Installation." This guideline also specifies guideline values ​​for the hydraulic design of the corresponding fire protection system, such as minimum values ​​for water supply, depending on the fire hazard class and the type or category of storage.

[0011] The overall hazard of a stored good, which is defined by the stored material or product including its packaging and any storage support, is a function of its heat release rate (kW), which in turn is the product of its mass-related calorific value (kJ / kg) and a specific burning rate (kg / s).

[0012] The calorific value is determined by the type of material or material mixture in the stored goods. The burning rate depends on both the materials involved and their configuration.

[0013] When assigning stored goods, this method first determines a material factor based on the type of material. If the storage configuration of the material requires it, the material factor is modified to obtain the final category. If no modification is necessary, the material factor is the sole determining factor for the category. The higher of the two categories must be used for the design of the sprinkler system.

[0014] The method for determining the material factor has proven reproducible in connection with homogeneous or uniformly structured materials or stored goods, such as wood or plastic products. Such stored goods exhibit a comparatively reliably predictable fire behavior.

[0015] Therefore, when dimensioning or designing fire protection systems, especially sprinkler systems, the first step is to classify the risk of the storage environment. This is done either by production risks or by the stored goods. Once classified into fire hazard classes, the parameters required for the design of the fire protection or sprinkler system are determined, particularly hydraulic parameters such as water pressure, effective area, and the like. If the regulations for sprinkler systems do not provide specifications for classifying fire hazards for specific risks or stored goods, especially accumulators, the practice is to develop specific protection concepts for each individual case.

[0016] In practice, proof of extinguishing effectiveness is usually provided through realistic fire and extinguishing tests. The validity of a positive test result is verified in at least one repeat test. The number of required repeat tests is agreed upon in advance. The results of all repeat tests must be positive.

[0017] If the fire and extinguishing tests demonstrate compliance with the agreed criteria for a positive assessment, the client, in consultation with the service provider for the review of the fire protection concept, takes into account the design parameters dependent on the result of the test in his description of the protection concept.

[0018] As part of the case-specific review of the protection concept, the subsequent arrangement, consisting of the warehouse layout and the stored goods or storage type, is identical (i.e., "1 to 1 (1:1)") and subjected to a warehouse fire test to verify its effectiveness. If the test is successful, the design parameters of the sprinkler system installed in the fire test are incorporated into the concept and, as part of the certification process, transferred to a manual. This manual serves as a supplementary guide for the design parameters of sprinkler systems during the planning and installation process.

[0019] Especially when testing protection concepts for the storage of accumulators, a perfectly identical representation of the later storage arrangement is essential as a basis for a storage fire test:

[0020] High-energy-density batteries, particularly lithium-ion batteries, exhibit relatively high instability due to their chemical composition. For example, if a local short circuit occurs in a battery cell's internal electrodes—perhaps due to contamination of the separator by foreign particles and / or mechanical impact or damage—the resulting high short-circuit current heats the cell to 800 °C, and sometimes even 1300 °C, within a short time. This process is known as thermal runaway. Thermal runaway in one battery cell can easily and rapidly spread to other, adjacent cells, especially since the separator loses stability even at relatively low temperatures, such as above 120 °C, allowing short circuits in neighboring cells to occur quickly.This leads to an unstoppable chain reaction, whereby the energy stored in the battery is released in a short time, usually explosively and with the release of fragments.

[0021] Against this background, it is necessary to carry out storage fire tests to test fire protection systems or protection concepts for the storage of accumulators, in which the operating conditions or the storage structure in normal use are realistically and identically represented.

[0022] These large-scale warehouse fire tests do provide a comparatively reliable evaluation of the underlying fire protection concept for the storage of batteries of a specific type and can therefore be used to determine the fire hazard of a particular battery. However, large-scale or identical warehouse fire tests are costly and complex, and ultimately can only be carried out with significant expense and resource expenditure.

[0023] To make matters more complicated, an unlimited number of accumulators of different types or energy densities are ultimately possible, which ultimately necessitates the performance of numerous large-scale storage fire tests in order to obtain a reliable statement regarding the fire hazard or the reliability and effectiveness of the underlying fire protection concept or the corresponding fire protection system for the accumulator type.

[0024] In other words, a protection concept can only be tested for a specific type of battery, and the corresponding protection concept can only be verified if the subsequent use or arrangement exactly matches how it was tested in the warehouse fire test. Due to the large number of battery types on the market and the difficulty in predicting fire behavior, the problem is that the batteries themselves, especially with regard to their individual fire behavior, are not comparable. Too many factors related to the battery's composition influence its individual fire behavior, meaning that a protection concept verified in a warehouse fire test, taking into account a specific fire behavior, cannot be transferred to other battery types.

[0025] Therefore, the only option is to conduct separate large-scale storage fire tests for each individual accumulator type or accumulator group, which is correspondingly resource-intensive and ultimately costly.

[0026] Against this background, there is an increased need in practice for a resource-saving and at the same time precise review of protection concepts or fire protection systems, especially in the cross-type storage of accumulators.

[0027] In this context, EP 2 452 392 B1 relates to a device for the safe testing of batteries, comprising a battery test chamber with an interior containing a receptacle for the battery to be tested. The device includes at least one means for binding pollutants, which is designed such that pollutants released during a battery test in the battery test chamber are bound by a fluid. However, the device proposed in EP 2 452 392 B1, or the concept disclosed therein, is not suitable, in particular, for testing fire protection systems during the storage and / or safekeeping of batteries, especially across different battery types.

[0028] Against this background, the present invention aims to provide a method for testing and / or validating fire protection concepts for the storage and / or warehousing of accumulators, which is capable of at least largely avoiding or mitigating the disadvantages of the prior art described above. In particular, an object of the present invention is to provide a method that enables a resource-saving and cost-effective, yet precise, verification of the effectiveness and / or reliability of a fire protection system for the preferably cross-type storage and / or warehousing of accumulators.

[0029] In particular, the present invention is based on the objective of providing a self-contained, reliable and cost- and material-efficient testing concept for testing fire protection concepts in the cross-type storage and / or warehousing of accumulators, which enables a particularly large reduction in large-scale storage fire tests.

[0030] In a completely unexpected manner, the applicant has now found that, based on the inventive concept underlying the present invention – and in particular on the basis of a method for testing and / or certifying fire protection concepts for the storage and / or safekeeping of accumulators, as well as a test facility adapted to it and a computer program product aligned with it – a precise and at the same time cost-effective verification of fire protection concepts, in particular fire protection systems such as sprinkler systems, is made possible, especially in the cross-type storage and / or safekeeping of accumulators.

[0031] To solve the problem described above, the present invention proposes – according to a first, second, or third aspect of the present invention – a method for testing and / or validating fire protection concepts for the storage and / or safekeeping of accumulators, in particular for verifying the effectiveness and / or reliability of a fire protection system for the preferably cross-type storage and / or safekeeping of accumulators, according to claim 1, claim 4, and claim 5. Advantageous further developments and embodiments of this aspect of the invention are the subject of the respective dependent claims. A further subject matter of the present invention – according to a fourth or third aspect – is...The fifth aspect of the present invention is a test facility for testing and / or validating fire protection concepts for the storage and / or safekeeping of accumulators in a storage facility, in particular for verifying the effectiveness and / or reliability of a fire protection system for the preferably cross-type storage and / or safekeeping of accumulators according to claim 22 or 24. Advantageous further developments and embodiments of this aspect of the invention are the subject of the respective dependent claims.

[0032] A further object of the present invention – according to a sixth aspect of the present invention – is the use of a test facility for testing and / or validating fire protection concepts for the storage and / or safekeeping of accumulators in a storage facility, in particular for verifying the effectiveness and / or reliability of a fire protection system for the preferably cross-type storage and / or safekeeping of accumulators.

[0033] Furthermore, the subject matter of the present invention – according to a seventh aspect of the present invention – is a computer program product comprising instructions that cause a detection and / or evaluation device of an experimental setup to perform the process steps of detecting and / or determining at least one reference parameter or comparison parameter that at least partially characterizes and / or depicts the fire behavior of a first or second accumulator and / or a reference setup or a comparison setup and / or is at least partially attributable to the fire behavior of the first or second accumulator and / or the reference setup or comparison setup.

[0034] Furthermore, the present invention relates – according to an eighth or ninth aspect of the present invention – to the use of a reference setup or a comparison setup and / or a first or second accumulator in a reference setup or comparison setup for testing and / or validating fire protection concepts for the storage and / or safekeeping of accumulators, in particular for verifying the effectiveness and / or reliability of a fire protection system in the preferably cross-type storage and / or safekeeping of accumulators. It is understood that embodiments, configurations, advantages, and the like, which are listed below for the purpose of avoiding repetition relating only to one aspect of the invention, naturally also apply accordingly to the other aspects of the invention without requiring separate mention.

[0035] Furthermore, it goes without saying that the following specifications of values, numbers and ranges are not to be understood as limiting; it is self-evident to the person skilled in the art that deviations from the specified range or specifications are possible in individual cases or depending on the application, without leaving the scope of the present invention.

[0036] Furthermore, it should be noted that all values ​​or parameters mentioned below, or the like, can generally be determined using standardized or explicitly specified determination methods, or using determination methods that are generally familiar to those skilled in the field.

[0037] Furthermore, it must be noted that for all relative or percentage-based quantity specifications and / or dimensional specifications mentioned below, especially those related to weight, these specifications must be selected or combined by a person skilled in the art in such a way that the total always results in 100% or 100% by weight, possibly including further components or parts, particularly as defined below. This is self-evident to a person skilled in the art.

[0038] Furthermore, for the purposes of describing the present invention, the features of the present invention cited in connection with specific embodiments, configurations, advantages, examples, or the like are also considered disclosed in combination. Thus, higher-order combinations of individual or multiple features cited for specific embodiments, configurations, application examples, or the like are also considered disclosed. In particular, for the features characterizing the invention, all possible combinations of these features are considered disclosed, with configurations exhibiting comparable or corresponding preferences for the various features being preferred in their combination (e.g., quantities or ranges of quantities of the relevant parameters of equal preference, or the like).

[0039] It is particularly important to note that for the following information relating to the various parameters of the inventive method or the like, all combinations of the same preference or level of preference, including those relating to the different parameters, are also disclosed. Likewise, all other combinations (i.e., combinations based on different preferences or levels of preference) are also disclosed.

[0040] Having said that, the present invention will now be explained in detail below:

[0041] The subject matter of the present invention – according to a first aspect of the present invention – is a method for testing and / or validating fire protection concepts for the storage and / or safekeeping of accumulators, in particular for verifying the effectiveness and / or reliability of a fire protection system for the preferably cross-type storage and / or safekeeping of accumulators, wherein the following method steps are carried out, in particular in the sequence of method steps A) and B) specified below.

[0042] A) Conducting a warehouse fire test, in particular a large-scale fire test, with the following test procedure, in particular in the following specified sequence of individual process steps a, b, c and d: a) Providing a warehouse setup corresponding to and / or representing the storage facility with first accumulators, in particular of a defined first type, b) Initiating a fire and / or ignition event in and / or on at least one of the first accumulators, c) Initiating an extinguishing process using a fire protection system installed in and / or on the warehouse setup, preferably with at least one defined extinguishing parameter, d) Determining the effectiveness and / or reliability of the fire protection concept and / or the fire protection system for the warehouse setup;

[0043] B) Conducting a reference fire test, in particular a small fire test, with the following test procedure, in particular in the sequence of individual process steps a, b, c and d specified below: a) Providing a reference setup that differs from the storage setup, in particular smaller and / or partial, in particular with at least one identical and / or corresponding storage parameter as in the storage fire test and / or as in step A), in particular the same storage category, with at least one first accumulator, in particular of the defined first type, b) Initiating a fire and / or ignition event in and / or on the first accumulator, c) Initiating an extinguishing process using a fire protection system installed in and / or on the reference setup, preferably with at least one defined extinguishing parameter,in particular at least one identical and / or corresponding extinguishing parameter as in the storage fire test and / or as in step A), d) Determining and / or capturing at least one reference parameter that at least partially characterizes and / or reflects the fire behavior of the first accumulator and / or the reference setup and / or is at least partially attributable to the fire behavior of the first accumulator and / or the reference setup.

[0044] The present invention thus proposes an effective concept for the small-scale, resource-efficient testing and / or validation of fire protection concepts for the storage and / or warehousing of accumulators. By implementing a smaller, partial reference fire test in addition to the large-scale storage fire test, and by determining a reference parameter characterizing the fire behavior of the first accumulator, a characteristic value or reference parameter can be determined across different accumulator types. This reference parameter can be used as a basis for evaluating the overall fire protection concept or the corresponding fire protection system, without requiring a further large-scale or storage fire test. In particular, the determined reference parameter can be used for comparison or...Reference value for assessing the fire behavior of another or second accumulator, in particular of a second type.

[0045] The term "fire protection concept," as used in the context of the present invention, refers to a particularly comprehensive set of specifications for the planning and installation of a fire protection system, especially a fire suppression system such as a sprinkler system, for a specific risk, i.e., for a particular application or a defined individual case. The fire protection concept represents or ensures the containment of a fire event during the storage and / or warehousing of accumulators, as previously defined according to specific requirements.

[0046] The term "storage," as used in the context of the present invention, relates in particular to the stockpiling or the deliberate interruption of an operational material flow in the technical field of production and logistics. Storage takes place, in particular, in a warehouse, i.e., in a room, a building, a logistics property, or an area where goods or stored items, especially as individual items or packaging units, are kept.

[0047] Within the scope of the present invention, the terms "accumulator" and "battery" preferably refer to an electrochemical energy storage device, in particular batteries or accumulators of all common accumulator technologies. In principle, the concept according to the invention is suitable for testing and / or validating fire protection concepts in connection with accumulators of any type and design. Thus, batteries or accumulators can be used to test and / or validate fire protection concepts.Batteries of the following types can be used: Pb (lead-acid battery), NiCd (nickel-cadmium battery), NiH2 (nickel-hydrogen battery), NiMH (nickel-metal hydride battery), Li-ion (lithium-ion battery), LiPo (lithium-polymer battery), LiFe (lithium-metal battery), LiMn (lithium-manganese battery), LiFePO4 (lithium iron-phosphate battery), LiTi (lithium-titanate battery), RAM (rechargeable alkaline manganese battery), NiFe (nickel-iron battery), Na / NiCI (sodium-nickel chloride high-temperature battery), SCiB (supercharged ion battery), silver-zinc battery, silicon battery, vanadium redox battery, and / or zinc-bromine battery. Specifically, lead-acid, nickel-cadmium, nickel-metal hydride, and / or sodium / sodium nickel chloride batteries can be used.

[0048] The concept according to the invention is particularly preferably applicable to batteries or accumulators of the lithium-ion battery and / or traction battery type. The term "accumulator" is used here to refer to individual cells, modules consisting of several cells, and more complex architectures comprising several cells and / or modules.

[0049] The concept according to the invention is particularly preferred for use in high-capacity accumulators or batteries with a nominal capacity of at least 3 Ah, particularly preferably from 3 Ah to 300 Ah, and especially from 4 Ah to 80 Ah. Nominal capacities of individual lithium-ion cells for cars or trucks range from 3 to 300 Ah and typically between 4 and 80 Ah. The stated nominal capacity values ​​can refer either to the entire intact battery or to a single cell within a battery.

[0050] Preferably, the accumulators or batteries to be tested are partially or exclusively lithium-ion and / or lithium-ion polymer cells, modules and / or batteries with a nominal capacity of at least 3 Ah per cell.

[0051] The term "warehouse layout," as used within the scope of the present invention, defines in particular a structural arrangement or a related storage system in which the systematic and orderly storage and / or keeping of stocks or accumulators takes place. The classification of the warehouse layout can be based on various criteria, for example, according to the types of goods to be stored and / or according to the warehouse design or corresponding storage facilities, for example, according to the storage category "rack storage." In particular, the "warehouse layout" within the meaning of the present invention represents a practical and identical representation of the storage situation in the later warehouse application state. Therefore, the term "warehouse layout" is to be understood with reference to an industrial or commercial application and / or implementation. Consequently, the warehouse layout can comprise a large warehouse, for example, formed by a multitude of storage blocks.In particular, they should be perfectly congruent.

[0052] The term "reference setup," as used within the scope of the present invention, is to be understood in particular in relation to the storage setup defined above. Specifically, the storage setup, as a large-scale storage system, finds its small-scale counterpart in the reference setup. The reference setup preferably forms a scaled-down, particularly block-like, section or part of the storage setup. For example, the reference setup forms a unit, such as a storage or rack block, of the larger storage setup, wherein the storage setup is composed of a plurality of units or storage and / or rack blocks. In this respect, the reference setup represents a reduced number of storage units or storage sections compared to the storage setup. Accordingly, the implementation of a reference setup requires significantly less material than the storage setup.

[0053] Overall, the present invention thus provides an approach for testing and / or validating a fire protection concept for the storage and / or warehousing of accumulators, whereby a reference parameter characterizing the fire behavior or fire hazard of a specific accumulator is determined without having to conduct a large-scale storage fire test or large-scale fire test. Rather, the reference parameter is determined by a smaller-scale reference setup compared to the storage fire test, resulting in a cost-reduced and overall efficient procedure.

[0054] The reference parameter determined in this way can be used as a basis for testing the fire protection concept using a different or additional, second accumulator. Accordingly, the acquisition and / or determination of the reference parameter is preferably followed by process step C):

[0055] C) Conducting at least one comparative fire test, in particular a further small fire test, with the following test procedure, in particular in the following specified sequence of the individual procedure steps a, b, c and d: a) Providing a comparative setup that differs from the storage setup, in particular the storage structure, and is in particular smaller and / or partial, with at least one second accumulator, in particular of a defined second type;in particular wherein the second accumulator differs from the first accumulator and / or in particular wherein the second type differs from the first type, b) initiating a fire and / or ignition event in and / or on the second accumulator, c) initiating an extinguishing process using a fire protection system installed in and / or on the comparison setup with preferably defined extinguishing parameters, d) detecting and / or determining at least one comparison parameter that characterizes and / or reflects the fire behavior of the second accumulator and / or the comparison setup and / or is at least partially attributable to the fire behavior of the second accumulator and / or the reference setup.;

[0056] The concept according to the invention thus preferably transfers a small-scale fire test in the form of a comparative fire test to a further or second accumulator that differs from the first accumulator, preferably in at least one characteristic parameter. After determining the reference parameter corresponding to the first accumulator, a basis for comparison with a reference parameter can be established, wherein the reference parameter corresponds to the fire behavior of the second accumulator. This enables cross-type testing of the fire protection concept for accumulator storage, particularly since the reference parameter, taking the reference parameter into account, allows conclusions to be drawn as to how effective the fire protection concept is.The storage setup in connection with the first accumulator also meets the requirements with regard to the second accumulator.

[0057] Accordingly, it has proven to be particularly advantageous according to the invention if process step C) is followed by a process step D):

[0058] D) Comparison of the comparison parameter with the reference parameter, preferably wherein the effectiveness and / or reliability of the fire protection concept and / or fire protection system (1) verified and / or determined to be effective and / or reliable for the storage, preferably the storage setup (2), of the first accumulator, preferably with the defined extinguishing parameters, is tested and / or evaluated, in particular verified or falsified, for the storage of the second accumulator by means of the comparison; particularly preferably without carrying out and / or in the absence of a (further) storage fire test, in particular a (further) large-scale fire test, with the second accumulator.

[0059] Accordingly, the concept according to the invention preferably enables the direct testing or verification of a fire protection concept taking into account a second or different accumulator, without having to implement a large-scale storage fire test or large-scale fire test.

[0060] This allows the advantages to be realized with regard to simple and resource-saving testing of accumulators, especially those of different types.

[0061] It should be noted that the acquisition and / or determination of the reference parameter does not necessarily have to be carried out within the framework of a small-scale fire test or reference fire test with a corresponding reference setup, although this is preferred. According to a particular embodiment of the present invention, the invention also relates in particular to a method for testing and / or validating fire protection concepts for the storage and / or safekeeping of accumulators, in particular for verifying the effectiveness and / or reliability of a fire protection system for the preferably cross-type storage and / or safekeeping of accumulators, in particular a method as described above, wherein the following method steps are carried out, in particular in the sequence of individual method steps A), B), C) and D) specified below.

[0062] A) Conducting a warehouse fire test, in particular a large-scale fire test, with the following test procedure, in particular in the following specified sequence of individual process steps a, b, c and d: a) Providing a warehouse setup corresponding to and / or representing the storage facility with first accumulators, in particular of a defined first type, b) Initiating a fire and / or ignition event in and / or on at least one of the first accumulators, c) Initiating an extinguishing process using a fire protection system installed in and / or on the warehouse setup, preferably with at least one defined extinguishing parameter, d) Determining the effectiveness and / or reliability of the fire protection concept and / or the fire protection system for the warehouse setup;

[0063] B) Conducting a reference fire test, in particular a small fire test, with the following test procedure, in particular in the sequence of individual process steps a, b, c and d specified below: a) Providing a reference setup that differs from the storage setup, in particular smaller and / or partial, in particular with at least one identical and / or corresponding storage parameter as in the storage fire test and / or as in step A), in particular the same storage category, with at least one first accumulator, in particular of the defined first type, b) Initiating a fire and / or ignition event in and / or on the first accumulator, c) Initiating an extinguishing process using a fire protection system installed in and / or on the reference setup, preferably with at least one defined extinguishing parameter,in particular at least one identical and / or corresponding extinguishing parameter as in the storage fire test and / or as in step A), d) recording and / or determining at least one reference parameter that at least partially characterizes and / or reflects the fire behavior of the first accumulator and / or the reference setup and / or is at least partially attributable to the fire behavior of the first accumulator and / or the reference setup;,

[0064] C) Conducting at least one comparative fire test, in particular a further small fire test, with the following test procedure, in particular in the following specified sequence of the individual process steps a, b, c and d: a) Providing a comparative setup that differs from the storage setup, in particular the storage structure, and is in particular smaller and / or partial, with at least one second accumulator, in particular of a defined second type;in particular wherein the second accumulator differs from the first accumulator and / or in particular wherein the second type differs from the first type, b) initiating a fire and / or ignition event in and / or on the second accumulator, c) initiating an extinguishing process using a fire protection system installed in and / or on the comparison setup with preferably defined extinguishing parameters, d) detecting and / or determining at least one comparison parameter that characterizes and / or reflects the fire behavior of the second accumulator and / or the comparison setup and / or that is at least partially attributable to the fire behavior of the second accumulator and / or the reference setup;D) Comparison of the comparison parameter with the reference parameter, preferably wherein the effectiveness and / or reliability of the fire protection concept and / or fire protection system, preferably with the defined extinguishing parameters, verified and / or determined to be effective and / or reliable for the storage, preferably the storage setup, of the first accumulator, is tested and / or evaluated, in particular verified or falsified, for the storage of the second accumulator by means of the comparison; particularly preferably without carrying out and / or in the absence of a (further) storage fire test, in particular a (further) large-scale fire test, with the second accumulator.

[0065] A method according to the present invention, which can also be implemented independently, comprises the following process steps, in particular in the sequence of individual process steps B'), C) and D) specified below.

[0066] B') Providing at least one reference parameter that at least partially characterizes and / or depicts the fire behavior of a first accumulator, in particular of a first type, and / or a reference setup, and / or that is at least partially attributable to the fire behavior of the first accumulator and / or the reference setup, in particular recorded and / or determined by and / or obtained from the method described above and / or by means of the reference setup which differs from a storage setup, in particular smaller and / or partial;

[0067] C) Conducting at least one comparative fire test, in particular a further small fire test, with the following test procedure, in particular in the following specified sequence of the individual process steps a, b, c and d: a) Providing a comparative setup that differs from the storage setup, in particular the storage structure, and is in particular smaller and / or partial, with at least one second accumulator, in particular of a defined second type;in particular wherein the second accumulator differs from the first accumulator and / or in particular wherein the second type differs from the first type, b) initiating a fire and / or ignition event in and / or on the second accumulator, c) initiating an extinguishing process using a fire protection system installed in and / or on the comparison setup with preferably defined extinguishing parameters, d) detecting and / or determining at least one comparison parameter that characterizes and / or reflects the fire behavior of the second accumulator and / or the comparison setup and / or that is at least partially attributable to the fire behavior of the second accumulator and / or the reference setup;

[0068] D) Comparison of the comparison parameter with the reference parameter, preferably wherein the effectiveness and / or reliability of the fire protection concept and / or fire protection system, preferably with the defined extinguishing parameters, verified and / or determined to be effective and / or reliable for the storage, preferably the storage setup, of the first accumulator, is tested and / or evaluated, in particular verified or falsified, for the storage of the second accumulator by means of the comparison; particularly preferably without carrying out and / or in the absence of a (further) storage fire test, in particular a (further) large-scale fire test, with the second accumulator.

[0069] This allows the advantages and special features described above to be realized, potentially without the need to conduct a corresponding reference fire test to determine the reference parameter that corresponds to the fire behavior of the first accumulator. Instead, the reference parameter can be provided and / or stored as an available data parameter. The subsequent verification of the fire behavior of the second parameter is then carried out within the framework of the comparative fire test to obtain the comparison parameter. Consequently, a comparison of the comparison parameter with the reference parameter can then be made, allowing a conclusion to be drawn as to whether the results obtained during the large-scale fire test or warehouse fire test with the first accumulator are verified.The fire protection system, deemed effective, can also be considered effective with regard to the second accumulator and the associated fire behavior.

[0070] According to the invention, it is preferred if the reference structure and / or the comparison structure has / have a smaller spatial extent compared to the bearing structure, in particular wherein the reference structure and / or the comparison structure has / have a spatial extent that is at least 40%, preferably at least 60%, and in particular at least 80% smaller than the bearing structure.

[0071] Accordingly, particularly good results are obtained according to the invention if the reference setup and the comparison setup preferably have at least substantially identical spatial dimensions and / or dimensions. Alternatively or additionally, the reference setup and the comparison setup preferably have at least substantially identical structures. In particular, the reference setup and the comparison setup differ from each other in spatial dimensions and / or dimensions by at most 30%, preferably at most 20%, and more particularly at most 10%.

[0072] Within the scope of the present invention, the extent or dimensioning is preferably understood in relation to a (maximum) spatial storage limit or system limit of the corresponding experimental setup. In the case of a setup of the "rack storage" category, the extent or dimensioning is determined in particular by the respective corner points or outer points of the racking system, which ultimately defines the spatial storage limit.

[0073] Preferably, the storage system comprises a plurality of storage blocks, arranged in a uniform pattern and / or with equal relative positions. In particular, the storage blocks are separated from one another by open areas, preferably strips, in which no accumulators are stored or which are designed without storage. Alternatively or additionally, the reference system and / or the comparison system comprise(s) a single storage block. In particular, the reference system and / or the comparison system are formed by a single storage block and / or are block-shaped, preferably in the form of a rack-type storage block. A rack-type storage block preferably comprises a single row of vertically stacked receiving areas or shelves for the accumulators and / or is designed as a single-row upright storage system.

[0074] In particular, the reference setup and / or the comparison setup can correspond to the warehouse setup in at least one storage parameter and / or in one storage category. The storage parameter is preferably selected from the group of storage height and / or a distance between the storage height and a ceiling. Preferably, the storage category is selected from a freestanding warehouse, a pallet racking system, a single-row upright storage system, or a multi-row upright storage system.

[0075] Particularly good results are obtained when the reference setup and / or comparison setup has a reduced number of accumulators compared to the stock setup. Specifically, the number of accumulators in or on the reference setup and / or in or on the comparison setup is at most 6, preferably at most 4, and particularly at most 2.

[0076] Alternatively or additionally, the number of accumulators in or on the reference setup and / or in or on the comparison setup is reduced by at least 5, preferably at least 10, in particular at least 20, compared to the number of accumulators in the storage setup, particularly preferably wherein the reference setup and / or the comparison setup has / have a single accumulator.

[0077] Advantageously, the reference parameter is selected from the group consisting of the heat release and / or heat release rate of the first accumulator and / or the reference setup, outgassing of the first accumulator and / or the reference setup, a temperature at and / or within the reference setup, a temperature at a ceiling of the reference setup, a temperature at and / or within the first accumulator, and any combination thereof. Likewise, it is preferably provided that the comparison parameter is selected from the group consisting of the heat release and / or heat release rate of the second accumulator and / or the comparison setup, outgassing of the second accumulator and / or the comparison setup, a temperature at and / or within the comparison setup, a temperature at a ceiling of the comparison setup, a temperature at and / or within the second accumulator, and any combination thereof.

[0078] According to the invention, it has proven advantageous if the extinguishing process in the warehouse fire test on the one hand and the extinguishing process in the reference fire test and / or in the comparison fire test on the other hand is implemented with at least one coordinated and / or preferably at least substantially identical extinguishing parameter, preferably with a coordinated and / or preferably at least substantially identical water application as the central extinguishing parameter.

[0079] Particularly good results are obtained according to the invention if the extinguishing process in the warehouse fire test on the one hand and the extinguishing process in the reference fire test and / or comparison fire test on the other hand is carried out with an essentially identical arrangement and / or spacing of extinguishing devices, in particular sprinkler devices, of the respective fire protection systems.

[0080] According to the invention, the fire protection system of the reference structure is therefore preferably smaller and / or a section of the fire protection system of the storage structure and / or the fire protection system of the comparison structure is smaller and / or a section of the fire protection system of the storage structure.

[0081] Within the scope of the present invention, it has proven advantageous if the fire protection system of the reference setup and the fire protection system of the comparison setup are preferably at least substantially identical and / or operated with preferably at least substantially identical extinguishing parameters, such as identical water application. It is particularly preferred if the second accumulator differs from the first accumulator in at least one, and in particular exactly one, characteristic parameter, in particular where the characteristic parameter is selected from (accumulator) type, packaging, capacity, state of charge, accumulator material, housing, dimensions, or any combination thereof.

[0082] Similarly, according to the invention, it is preferred if the first accumulator and / or the second accumulator are provided as a block and / or battery cell assembly, particularly wherein the first accumulator and / or the second accumulator are provided as a packaging and / or parcel unit, especially in a pallet storage configuration. Alternatively or additionally, the first accumulator and / or the second accumulator are provided as a lithium-ion battery and / or traction battery. A packaging unit can preferably comprise an accumulator unit and an associated carrier, in particular a transport carrier.

[0083] Furthermore, it has proven advantageous if the reference test and / or the comparison test is repeated several times, in particular at least three times, in particular where the reference parameter and / or the comparison parameter is determined as a mathematical result, in particular a mean value, from a series of reference tests and / or comparison tests, in particular at least three times.

[0084] It is also advantageously provided that the reference parameter is recorded and / or determined via a preferably continuous and / or uninterrupted measurement recording during the reference fire test, in particular wherein the measurement recording takes place over the entire duration of the reference fire test and / or from the initiation of the fire and / or ignition event until the end of the extinguishing process. The measurement recording is particularly preferably carried out as temperature value acquisition.

[0085] Preferably, the measured values ​​are recorded at a plurality of measuring points spaced at varying distances from the first accumulator, particularly wherein the measuring points on the reference setup are arranged on top of and / or above the first accumulator and / or at measuring points spaced vertically apart from one another. Particularly preferably, the measuring points on the reference setup are arranged in pairs, especially in groups of four, on top of and / or above the first accumulator and / or at measuring planes spaced vertically apart from one another. This allows for precise measured value recording.

[0086] It has also proven advantageous according to the invention if the comparison parameter is recorded and / or determined via a preferably continuous and / or continuous measurement recording during the comparative fire test, in particular wherein the measurement recording takes place over the entire duration of the comparative fire test and / or starting with the initiation of the fire and / or ignition event until the end of the extinguishing process. In particular, the measurement recording is carried out as a temperature measurement.

[0087] Furthermore, within the scope of the present invention, it is advantageous if the measurement data is recorded at a plurality of measuring points spaced at different distances from the second accumulator, in particular wherein the measuring points on the comparison setup are arranged on the upper side of and / or above the second accumulator and / or at measuring points spaced vertically and / or horizontally apart from one another. Alternatively or additionally, the measuring points on the comparison setup can preferably be arranged in pairs, in particular in groups of four, on the upper side of and / or above the second accumulator and / or at measuring planes spaced vertically and / or horizontally apart from one another.

[0088] According to the invention, it is preferred if, during the reference fire test and / or the comparative fire test, at least one water-impermeable barrier, for example a metal or sheet metal plate, is arranged above at least one accumulator, in particular such that extinguishing fluid or extinguishing water does not directly come into contact with the burning and / or ignited accumulator. This prevents direct contact between the extinguishing fluid and the burning accumulator, which accurately reflects the storage condition or storage setup in which a plurality of accumulators are typically stored or mounted one above the other, and the lowest accumulator is then also shielded from the extinguishing fluid entering from above. According to a further aspect of the present invention, a

[0089] Test facility for testing and / or approval of fire protection concepts for the storage and / or safekeeping of accumulators in a storage facility, in particular for verifying the effectiveness and / or reliability of a fire protection system for the preferably cross-type storage and / or safekeeping of accumulators, and / or in particular test facility for carrying out the method according to the invention or previously described, comprising:

[0090] (I) a reference setup that differs from and / or deviates from the storage setup, in particular smaller and / or partial, in particular with at least one storage parameter that is the same as and / or corresponds to the storage setup and / or the same storage category, with at least one first accumulator, in particular of a defined first type, and with at least one fire protection system,

[0091] (II) a comparison setup that differs from storage and / or warehousing and / or deviates from the storage setup, in particular smaller and / or partial, in particular with at least one storage parameter that is the same as and / or corresponds to the storage setup and / or the same storage category, with at least one second accumulator, in particular of a defined second type, and with at least one fire protection system, in particular wherein the second accumulator is different from the first accumulator and / or in particular wherein the second type is different from a first type of the first accumulator;and / or in particular wherein the comparison setup is identical to the reference setup and / or the comparison setup corresponds to the reference setup, and (III) a detection and / or evaluation device for detecting and / or determining at least one reference parameter that at least partially characterizes and / or represents the fire behavior of the first accumulator and / or the reference setup and / or is at least partially attributable to the fire behavior of the first accumulator and / or the reference setup, and for detecting and / or determining at least one comparison parameter that characterizes and / or represents the fire behavior of the second accumulator and / or the comparison setup and / or is at least partially attributable to the fire behavior of the second accumulator and / or the test setup, wherein the detection and / or evaluation device is designed to compare the comparison parameter with the reference parameter.;

[0092] The experimental setup according to the invention thus provides the necessary means to solve the aforementioned objective technical problem by implementing the method according to the invention. This results in the advantages and special features discussed above.

[0093] The test setup can also include a storage structure corresponding to and / or replicating storage conditions, with first accumulators, in particular of a defined first type, and at least one fire protection system. This allows the test setup according to the invention not only to determine the reference parameter and the comparison parameter, but also to simultaneously conduct a large-scale warehouse fire test, particularly for determining hydraulic design parameters such as water exposure, storage height, storage type / category, and open areas. In this way, the design parameters implemented in the warehouse fire test, such as extinguishing parameters or hydraulic fire protection system parameters, can be used to practically implement the reference fire test and / or the comparison fire test.This provides a self-contained concept for the cross-type verification of fire protection concepts for a large number of different accumulators. It should be noted that, according to an independently implementable variant of the test setup according to the invention, the reference setup can also be omitted. For this purpose, it is sufficient that only a reference parameter corresponding to the first accumulator or attributable to its fire behavior is stored in the acquisition and / or evaluation unit. Subsequently, based on a comparative fire test using the comparison setup, the comparison parameter can be determined and then compared with the reference parameter.

[0094] Accordingly, a further object of the present invention is a test facility for testing and / or validating fire protection concepts for the storage and / or safekeeping of accumulators in a storage structure, in particular for verifying the effectiveness and / or reliability of a fire protection system for the preferably cross-type storage and / or safekeeping of accumulators, in particular a test facility for carrying out the inventive or previously defined method, comprising:

[0095] (II') a comparative setup that differs from the storage arrangement, in particular a storage setup, and is in particular smaller and / or partial, with at least one second accumulator, in particular of a defined second type, in particular wherein the second accumulator is different from a first accumulator and / or in particular wherein the second type is different from a first type of a first accumulator, and

[0096] (Ul') a detection and / or evaluation device in which at least one reference parameter is stored that at least partially characterizes and / or depicts the fire behavior of the first accumulator and / or is at least partially attributable to the fire behavior of the first accumulator and / or the reference setup, wherein the detection and / or evaluation device is designed to detect and / or determine at least one comparison parameter that at least partially characterizes and / or depicts the fire behavior of the second accumulator and / or the comparison setup and is at least partially attributable to the fire behavior of the second accumulator and / or the test setup, and to compare the comparison parameter with the reference parameter.

[0097] Within the scope of the present invention, it has proven advantageous if the reference setup and / or the comparison setup has / have a smaller spatial extent and / or dimensions compared to the bearing setup. In particular, the reference setup and / or the comparison setup has / have a spatial extent and / or dimensions that are at least 40%, preferably at least 60%, and particularly at least 80% smaller than those of the bearing setup.

[0098] Preferably, the reference setup and the comparison setup preferably have at least substantially identical spatial dimensions and / or dimensions, or the reference setup and the comparison setup have spatial dimensions that differ from each other by no more than 30%, preferably no more than 20%, and in particular no more than 10%.

[0099] Similarly, within the scope of the present invention, it is preferred if the bearing assembly comprises a plurality of bearing blocks, preferably arranged uniformly and / or in a uniform pattern, preferably wherein the bearing blocks are separated from one another by clearance areas, preferably clearance strips. In particular, the reference assembly and / or comparison assembly comprises a single bearing block. Alternatively or additionally, the reference assembly and / or comparison assembly is / are formed by a single bearing block and / or are block-shaped.

[0100] Similarly, within the scope of the present invention, it has also proven advantageous if the reference setup and / or the comparison setup and / or the storage setup are configured according to a defined, and in particular the same, storage category, especially wherein the storage category is selected from a freestanding storage system, pallet racking system, single-row upright storage system, or multi-row upright storage system. Alternatively or additionally, the storage setup and / or the reference setup and / or the comparison setup can be configured as a pallet racking system. Furthermore, within the scope of the present invention, it has proven advantageous if the reference setup and / or the comparison setup correspond to the storage setup in at least one storage parameter and / or in one storage category, especially wherein the storage parameter is selected from the group consisting of a storage height and / or a distance between the maximum storage height and a ceiling.In particular, the storage category is selected from a freestanding warehouse, pallet racking warehouse, single-row upright storage warehouse or multi-row upright storage warehouse.

[0101] In this regard, it is particularly preferred if the reference setup and / or comparison setup has / have a reduced number of accumulators compared to the storage setup, in particular wherein the number of accumulators in or on the reference setup and / or comparison setup is at most 6, preferably at most 4, and particularly at most 2. Most preferably, the reference setup and / or the comparison setup has / have a single accumulator.

[0102] It is further preferably provided that the reference parameter is selected from the group consisting of a heat release and / or heat release rate of the first accumulator and / or the reference setup, an outgassing of the first accumulator and / or the reference setup, a temperature at the reference setup, a temperature at a ceiling of the reference setup, a temperature at the first accumulator and any combination thereof.

[0103] Particularly preferred is the comparison parameter selected from the group consisting of heat release and / or heat release rate of the second accumulator and / or the comparison setup, outgassing of the second accumulator and / or the comparison setup, temperature at the comparison setup, temperature at a ceiling of the comparison setup, temperature at the second accumulator, and any combination thereof.

[0104] According to the invention, it is particularly preferred if the second accumulator differs from the first accumulator in at least one, preferably exactly one, characteristic parameter, in particular where the characteristic parameter is selected from (accumulator) type, packaging, capacity, state of charge, battery material, housing, dimensions, age or aging, or any combination thereof. Furthermore, it is preferably provided that the first accumulator and / or the second accumulator are provided as a block and / or battery cell assembly. Alternatively, the first accumulator and / or the second accumulator are provided as a packaging and / or parcel unit, in particular in a pallet configuration. Most preferably, the first accumulator and / or the second accumulator are provided as a lithium-ion battery and / or traction battery.

[0105] It has also proven particularly useful if the recording and / or evaluation device is designed to determine the reference parameter and / or the comparison parameter as a mathematical result, in particular the mean value, from a series of at least three reference tests and / or comparison tests.

[0106] According to the invention, it has proven advantageous if the reference setup comprises at least one recording device, in particular a measuring and / or sensor device, for preferably continuous and / or uninterrupted recording of the reference parameter. In particular, the recording device is designed for temperature measurement and / or as a temperature sensor.

[0107] Furthermore, according to the invention, it has proven advantageous if the reference setup comprises a plurality of recording devices, in particular spaced at different distances from the first accumulator, and in particular if the recording devices are arranged vertically and / or horizontally apart from one another on the reference setup, especially in pairs on the top of and / or above the first accumulator. Particularly preferred are the recording devices on the reference setup, preferably in pairs, and in particular in four pairs, on the top of and / or above the first accumulator. In particular, the recording devices are arranged as vertically spaced-apart measuring planes, especially on the top of and / or above the first accumulator.Likewise, within the scope of the present invention, it is preferably provided that the comparison setup has at least one recording device, in particular a measuring and / or sensor device, for preferably continuous and / or continuous recording of the reference parameter, in particular wherein the recording device is designed for temperature detection and / or as a temperature sensor.

[0108] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it has proven advantageous if the comparison setup comprises a plurality of recording devices, in particular spaced at different distances from the second accumulator, wherein the recording devices on the comparison setup are arranged, in particular in pairs, on the upper surface of and / or above the second accumulator, spaced vertically and / or horizontally apart from one another. In particular, the recording devices on the comparison setup are arranged, preferably in pairs, and in particular in four pairs, on the upper surface of and / or above the second accumulator.

[0109] Particularly preferred are the recording devices arranged as vertically spaced measuring planes, especially on the top side of and / or above the second accumulator.

[0110] In this regard, it has proven advantageous if the reference setup and / or the comparison setup has at least one watertight barrier to cover at least one accumulator, in particular such that extinguishing water does not directly affect and / or hit the burning and / or ignited accumulator.

[0111] The subject matter of the present invention – according to a further aspect of the present invention – is also the use of a test facility according to the present invention for testing and / or validating fire protection concepts for the storage and / or safekeeping of accumulators in a storage facility, in particular for verifying the effectiveness and / or reliability of a fire protection system in the preferably cross-type storage and / or safekeeping of the accumulators. In particular, the test facility according to the use according to the invention is designed according to the test facility defined according to the invention. The details and special features with regard to the test facility according to the invention also apply equally to the use according to the invention of the correspondingly defined or proposed test facility.The relevant statements regarding the experimental setup apply equally to the invention aspect of use, without requiring any further explicit mention or repetitive explanation.

[0112] A further object of the present invention is a computer program product comprising commands that cause a detection and / or evaluation device, in particular the detection and / or evaluation device of the test setup according to the invention, to perform the process steps of detecting and / or determining at least one reference parameter that at least partially characterizes and / or depicts the fire behavior of a first accumulator and / or a reference setup and / or is at least partially attributable to the fire behavior of the first accumulator and / or the reference setup.

[0113] Alternatively or additionally, the computer program product comprises commands that cause the acquisition and / or evaluation device, in particular the acquisition and / or evaluation device of the test setup according to the invention, to perform the process steps of acquiring and / or determining at least one comparison parameter that at least partially characterizes and / or depicts the fire behavior of the second accumulator and / or the comparison setup and / or is at least partially attributable to the fire behavior of the second accumulator and / or the comparison setup, and, preferably, of comparing the comparison parameter with the reference parameter.

[0114] Also claimed is a computer-readable medium on which the proposed program product and / or a reference parameter that at least partially characterizes and / or depicts the fire behavior of a first accumulator and / or can at least partially be traced back to the fire behavior of the first accumulator and / or the reference setup, in particular as defined according to the invention, and / or a correspondingly determined reference parameter is or are stored.Finally, a further object of the present invention – according to a further independently realizable aspect of the present invention – is also the use of a reference setup and / or an accumulator in a reference setup for testing and / or validating fire protection concepts in the storage and / or warehousing of accumulators, in particular for verifying the effectiveness and / or reliability of a fire protection system in the preferably cross-type storage and / or warehousing of accumulators, in particular for carrying out the method according to the invention, wherein the reference setup deviates from the storage facility, in particular a storage facility corresponding to the storage facility, in particular is smaller and / or a section or block of the storage facility orof the storage setup, and has at least one first accumulator, in particular of a defined first type, wherein a fire event is initiated in and / or on the first accumulator and an extinguishing process is initiated, and wherein at least one reference parameter is recorded and / or determined which at least partially characterizes and / or depicts the fire behavior of the first accumulator and / or the reference setup and / or is at least partially attributable to the fire behavior of the first accumulator and / or the reference setup.

[0115] Finally, an object of the present invention – according to a further aspect of the present invention – is the use of a comparison setup and / or an accumulator in a comparison setup for testing and / or validating fire protection concepts in the storage and / or warehousing of accumulators, in particular for verifying the effectiveness and / or reliability of a fire protection system in the preferably cross-type storage and / or warehousing of accumulators, in particular for carrying out the method according to the invention, wherein the comparison setup differs from the storage, in particular a storage setup corresponding to the storage, in particular is smaller and / or a section or block (9) of the storage or warehousing.of the storage setup, and has at least one second accumulator, in particular of a defined second type, wherein at least one reference parameter is provided that at least partially characterizes and / or reflects the fire behavior of a first accumulator, wherein a fire event in and / or on the second accumulator and an extinguishing process is initiated, wherein at least one comparison parameter that characterizes and / or reflects the fire behavior of the second accumulator and / or the comparison setup and / or is at least partially attributable to the fire behavior of the second accumulator and / or the comparison setup is detected and / or determined, and wherein the comparison parameter is compared with the reference parameter, and wherein, preferably, the effectiveness and / or reliability of the orThe fire protection concept and / or fire protection system for the storage of the second accumulator, which has been verified and / or found to be effective and / or reliable, is verified or falsified by means of comparison, particularly preferably without carrying out a storage fire test with the second accumulator.

[0116] For further details on the invention aspect described above, reference can also be made to the explanations of the other invention aspects, these explanations applying equally to the present invention aspect.

[0117] The present invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to figures of preferred embodiments and preferred exemplary embodiments. In connection with the explanation of these preferred exemplary embodiments, which are in no way limiting to the present invention, further advantages, properties, aspects, and features of the present invention will also be presented. The present invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following exemplary embodiments, without, however, limiting the present invention to them.

[0118] The figures, including the following description of the figures and the following embodiments, serve only to illustrate the present invention, without limiting the present invention thereto.

[0119] The depiction of the figures shows:

[0120] Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of a bearing structure of a test setup according to the invention for carrying out a

[0121] Campfire test;

[0122] Fig. 2A shows a schematic representation of a reference setup of the test system according to the invention for carrying out a reference fire test or for determining and / or identifying a reference parameter corresponding to a first accumulator;

[0123] Fig. 2B shows a schematic representation of a comparative setup of the test system according to the invention for carrying out a comparative fire test or for determining and / or identifying a comparison parameter corresponding to a second accumulator and for subsequent comparison with the reference parameter and

[0124] Fig 3 shows a schematic process flow of a method according to the invention for testing and / or approving fire protection concepts for the storage and / or receiving of accumulators, in particular for carrying out the effectiveness and / or reliability of a fire protection system in the preferably cross-type storage and / or keeping of accumulators.

[0125] Figure 1 shows a schematic representation or side view of a fire protection system 1. A storage structure 2 is associated with the fire protection system 1. However, it should be noted that the fire protection system 1 can also be included or encompassed by the storage structure 2. Accordingly, the storage structure 2 can incorporate the fire protection system 1. The storage structure 2 has a storage parameter and / or a storage category. In the illustrated and preferred embodiment, the storage structure 2 is designed as a storage system of the category "rack storage", in particular as a multi-row rack storage system. The storage structure 2 is designed for storing and / or keeping a plurality of first accumulators 3. The first accumulators 3 correspond in particular to a defined first type of accumulator and are, at least in a plurality, identical and / or of the same first type. The first accumulators 3 are each assigned to storage locations or storage compartments in the storage structure 2.

[0126] The fire protection system 1 is preferably a fire suppression system, such as a sprinkler system with a plurality of extinguishing devices 15 or sprinklers. A sprinkler system preferably forms a complete system comprising one or more sprinkler groups, piping for supplying the sprinkler groups, and water supply equipment. A sprinkler group is preferably a part of a sprinkler system that includes an alarm valve station and the associated downstream pipes and sprinklers. The sprinkler itself is preferably automatic or automatable, such that a nozzle with a temperature-sensitive shut-off element is provided, which opens to distribute water for fire suppression.

[0127] The fire protection system 1 and the storage structure 2 with the first accumulators 3 stored or kept therein preferably form part of a higher-level test facility 12. Accordingly, the test facility 12 includes the fire protection system 1 and the storage structure 2.

[0128] The test facility 12 is intended or designed for the testing and / or approval of fire protection concepts for the storage and / or warehousing of the first accumulators 3.

[0129] In the illustrated and preferred embodiment, the storage structure 2 comprises a plurality of storage blocks 9, in particular rack storage blocks. The storage blocks 9 are designed for the preferably grouped storage and / or safekeeping of the first accumulators 3. In the illustrated example, each storage block 9 is formed by a single-row rack storage system with vertically stacked receptacles for the first accumulators 3. However, it should be noted that multi-row storage blocks, in particular rack storage blocks, can also be provided.

[0130] In particular, the bearing blocks 9 are arranged uniformly relative to one another or in a uniform pattern. Preferably, free spaces 10, in particular free strips, are provided between the bearing blocks 9, separating adjacent bearing blocks 9 from one another. The free spaces 10 are preferably free of bearing elements or of first accumulators 3.

[0131] The storage structure 2 preferably represents a realistic or identical representation of the storage and / or safekeeping of the first accumulators 3 in their storage state, including an associated fire protection concept. For this purpose, a fire protection system 1 is assigned to the storage structure 2, the fire protection system 1 comprising a plurality of extinguishing devices 15, in particular sprinklers or sprinkler systems. The extinguishing devices 15 are fluid-conductingly interconnected via a pipe network (not shown in detail) and connected to a water supply. The extinguishing devices 15 are arranged above the storage blocks 9 or the storage structure 2, preferably on a ceiling 11. The extinguishing devices 15 are preferably aligned in a uniform pattern or at defined intervals relative to the storage blocks 9.

[0132] In the illustrated and preferred embodiment, the extinguishing devices 15 are arranged between adjacent storage blocks 9 and / or in the area of ​​the open spaces 10. However, other arrangements are also conceivable.

[0133] As can be seen from Fig. 2a, the experimental setup 12 according to the invention comprises a reference setup 4 that is smaller or partially smaller than the bearing setup 2. In the illustrated and preferred embodiment, the reference setup 4 is formed by a single bearing block 9. Preferably, the reference setup 4 corresponds to the same bearing category as the bearing setup 2 and is, preferably, assigned to the "rack storage" category. However, other bearing categories are also possible. Furthermore, the reference setup 4 has a reduced number of first accumulators 3 compared to the bearing setup 2. In particular, a single first accumulator 3 is provided or accommodated on or in the reference setup 4.

[0134] The first accumulator 3 is preferably provided as a packaging unit, in particular as a pallet packaging unit. This is reflected in the cuboid or box-shaped design of the first accumulator 3. The packaging unit of the first accumulator 3 can also include a support on which the first accumulator 3 is supported and / or carried, particularly for storage and / or transport purposes.

[0135] Furthermore, the reference structure 4 includes a fire protection system 5. The fire protection system 5 of the reference structure 4 is preferably also a section of the higher-level fire protection system 1 of the storage structure. In particular, the fire protection system 5 of the reference structure 4 represents a section or a reduced number of extinguishing devices 15, wherein the extinguishing devices 15 of the reference structure 4 have the same spacing and / or hydraulic design parameters, in particular water supply, as the extinguishing devices 15 of the storage structure 2 or the fire protection system 1. The extinguishing devices 15 of the reference structure 4 on the one hand and of the storage structure 2 on the other hand can be identical or different in design.

[0136] The test setup 12 includes a detection and / or evaluation device 13 for detecting and / or determining at least one reference parameter that at least partially characterizes and / or depicts the fire behavior of the first accumulator 3 and / or the reference setup 4 and / or that is at least partially attributable to the fire behavior of the first accumulator 3 and / or the reference setup 4.

[0137] The relevant procedural approach using the recording and / or evaluation device 13 will be discussed in detail below.

[0138] The test setup 12 or the reference setup 4 has / have sensors for detecting the fire behavior of the first accumulator 3 or the reference setup 4. In the illustrated and preferred embodiment, at least one, preferably a plurality of, recording devices 14, in particular measuring and / or sensor devices, are provided on the reference setup 4 for preferably continuous and / or uninterrupted recording of the reference parameter.

[0139] The recording devices 14 are designed in particular for temperature recording and / or as temperature sensors.

[0140] Alternatively or additionally, at least one recording device 14 can be configured as a pressure sensor and / or gas sensor and / or voltage sensor and / or electrical voltage sensor and / or motion sensor.

[0141] A pressure sensor can be used to measure any sudden, pulse-like pressure increase at the first accumulator 3 and / or at the reference setup 4, such as may occur in the event of battery damage or explosion.

[0142] A gas sensor can be used to determine data on the release of a specific gas or gas mixture within or from the reference setup 4 or the first accumulator 3.

[0143] A voltage sensor can provide data on the force distribution or statics in and / or on the first accumulator 3 and / or on the reference setup 4.

[0144] An electrical voltage sensor can provide data about electrical voltages within the first accumulator 3.

[0145] The motion sensor can detect data about a shock movement within the first accumulator 3 and / or on the first accumulator 3 and / or on the reference setup 4.

[0146] Furthermore, at least one recording device 14, preferably a plurality of recording devices 14 of the type defined above, can also be provided on the ceiling 11. The recording devices 14 are preferably each assigned to a fire extinguishing device 15, with at least one further recording device 14 preferably arranged on the ceiling between the fire extinguishing devices 15.

[0147] The recording devices 14 are arranged on the reference setup 4 at least in pairs, in particular four times, in the form of vertically spaced measuring planes provided above the first accumulator 3.

[0148] In particular, the first accumulator 3 is supported at the lowest bearing mount of the reference structure 4 and / or directly or indirectly against a base of the reference structure 4. No further accumulators and / or unused accumulator mounts are provided on the bearing block 9 above the first accumulator 3.

[0149] With reference to Fig. 2b, a comparative setup 6 of the experimental setup 12 according to the invention is described in more detail below.

[0150] The comparison setup 6 is preferably identical to the reference setup 4, with the only difference being that a second accumulator 7 stored or kept on or in the comparison setup 6 differs from the first accumulator 3 in preferably one characteristic parameter.

[0151] The characteristic value can be composed of battery type, age or aging, packaging, carrier and / or carrier material, capacity, state of charge, battery material, casing, dimensions or any combination thereof.

[0152] The second accumulator 7 can be of the same type as the first accumulator 3, but may have a lower or higher state of charge and / or be more aged than the first accumulator 3. This allows for a comparative measurement to be performed to determine how the difference in the characteristic value affects the fire behavior of the second accumulator 7 compared to the fire behavior of the first accumulator 3. This ultimately involves determining a comparison parameter corresponding to the first accumulator 3 and a comparison parameter corresponding to the second accumulator 7. Accordingly, the comparison setup 6 preferably has an identical arrangement of recording devices 14 as the reference setup 4, as described above.Furthermore, the comparison setup 6 also has a fire protection system 8, preferably wherein the fire protection system 8 has extinguishing devices 15 which can be operated and / or are operated with the same hydraulic design and / or spacing to each other as on or in the reference setup 4.

[0153] The fire protection system 8 of the comparison setup 6 can be designed identically to the fire protection system 5 of the reference setup 4.

[0154] Like the reference setup 4, the comparison setup 6 also has a water-impermeable barrier 16 to cover the second accumulator 7 or the first accumulator 3, in particular such that extinguishing water escaping from the extinguishing devices 15 does not directly affect and / or come into contact with the burning and / or ignited accumulator 3 or 7.

[0155] As with the first accumulator 3, the second accumulator 7 is also available as a packaging unit or pallet-based storage item, and is located in particular in or at the lowest storage level of the comparison setup 6 in the comparison setup 9.

[0156] The detection and / or evaluation device 13 is preferably designed to detect and / or determine at least one comparison parameter that at least partially characterizes and / or depicts the fire behavior of the second accumulator 7 and / or the comparison setup 6 and / or that is at least partially attributable to the fire behavior of the second accumulator 7 and / or the comparison setup 6.

[0157] In particular, the acquisition and / or evaluation device 13 is designed to compare the comparison parameter with the reference parameter.

[0158] The process flow according to the invention, implemented or implementable on the basis of the experimental setup 12, is explained below with reference to the schematic process flow of the individual stages of the process according to the invention shown in Fig. 3. In this context, it should be noted that the flow diagram shown is one possible process according to the invention; however, individual process steps may also be omitted or implemented in a different order than shown and described below. Further process steps may also be provided. Moreover, it is not necessary for all process stages or process steps to be provided in a spatially combined experimental setup 12.The decentralized implementation of individual process stages, in particular for carrying out the warehouse fire test, the reference fire test and the warehouse fire test, is also possible, such that each individual fire test can be implemented decentrally or in location-independent test facilities.

[0159] In the flowchart shown in Fig. 3, stage A refers to the planning or conceptualization of a fire protection concept in connection with the planned storage and / or safekeeping of first accumulators 3. The planning is carried out in particular taking into account relevant standards or guidelines, for example the VdS guideline for sprinkler systems, VdS CEA 4001.

[0160] The planning is carried out with the particular aim of obtaining approval for a protection concept for the storage and / or safekeeping of accumulators 3, 7, as well as for the approval of new fire extinguishing technologies. The relevant guidelines are defined in the VdS guidelines for fire extinguishing systems, VdS 3115 and VdS 2562.

[0161] The protection concept contains comprehensive specifications for the planning and installation of a fire extinguishing system or fire protection system 1 for a specific risk, in the form of an application or individual case.

[0162] Specifically, the procedure offers the review and approval of a protection concept and the review and approval of nozzles or sprinklers for this protection concept, based on a comprehensive yet detailed description of the risk to be protected, as well as all points relevant to the planning and installation of fire extinguishing systems. As a result of the planning or design, a fire protection system 1 is defined with design parameters that include a hydraulic design, such as a (minimum) water supply, as well as the arrangement of extinguishing devices 15 and the associated water supply facilities, the type and size of the sprinkler system, and the spacing and arrangement of the sprinklers or extinguishing devices 15.

[0163] Due to the difficult-to-predict fire behavior of accumulators 3, 7, it is necessary to carry out fire and extinguishing tests to demonstrate the extinguishing effectiveness of the design parameters determined in step A.

[0164] Accordingly, a warehouse fire test is conducted in stage B. This warehouse fire test is based on a warehouse setup 2 with an associated fire protection system 1 and on the design parameters determined in stage A. Therefore, the warehouse fire test and warehouse setup 2 accurately replicate the warehouse situation and setup to be implemented in practice. For this purpose, a fire and / or ignition event, particularly to initiate a thermal runaway, is introduced in or on at least one of the first accumulators 3. Simultaneously or subsequently, the extinguishing process is initiated using the fire protection system 1 or the extinguishing devices 15. Finally, the effectiveness and / or reliability of the fire protection concept and / or the fire protection system 1 for the warehouse setup 2 is determined in accordance with the requirements agreed upon in stage A.

[0165] In process step or process stage C, a reference fire test is then carried out based on the reference setup 4, in particular where the reference setup 4 represents a block-wise section of the entire storage setup 2 and / or a storage block 9. Here, too, a fire and / or ignition event is deliberately initiated in and / or at the preferably single first accumulator 3, and the extinguishing process is subsequently initiated at the reference setup 4 by means of the fire protection system 5. The fire protection system 5 is operated with identical spacing of the extinguishing devices 15 and / or with identical hydraulic design parameters, in particular identical water supply, as in the preferably upstream storage fire test, in order to obtain mutually comparable or analogous extinguishing results between the storage fire test and the reference fire test.In process stage D, the detection and / or evaluation device 13 is used to determine a reference parameter that at least partially characterizes and / or depicts the fire behavior of the first accumulator 3 and / or the reference setup 4 and / or that at least partially relates back to the fire behavior of the first accumulator 3 and / or the reference setup 4.

[0166] Based on this, a comparative fire test is then carried out according to procedure stage E, using the comparative setup 6 according to Fig. 2b. The procedure is essentially analogous to the reference fire test, with an essentially identical storage setup 6 and corresponding fire protection system 8 or extinguishing devices 15, with the sole exception that instead of a first accumulator 3, a second accumulator 7, which differs from the first in at least one characteristic number or parameter, is used or tested.

[0167] Consequently, in process stage F, the comparison parameter that at least partially characterizes the fire behavior of the second accumulator 7 and / or the comparison setup 6 is then recorded and / or determined on this basis. The recording or determination of the reference parameter or the comparison parameter is carried out in particular via the recording devices 14 arranged on the reference setup 4, on the ceiling 11, and on the comparison setup 6, respectively, as shown in Figures 2a and 2b.

[0168] The determination of the comparison parameter is also preferably carried out using the acquisition and / or evaluation device 13.

[0169] After determining or recording the reference parameter and the comparison parameter, a comparison parameter with the reference parameter is then carried out in process stage G, preferably by means of the recording and / or evaluation device 13.

[0170] In process stage H, a result is then determined or output indicating whether the effectiveness and / or reliability of the fire protection concept(s) verified and / or found to be effective for the storage of the first accumulator 3 in the storage fire test can also be considered effective for the storage of the second accumulator 7. In other words, the method according to the invention thus provides the result as to whether the recognized fire protection system 1, in a storage setup 2 for the storage of a first accumulator 3, is also suitable for the storage of a different second accumulator 7, without having to carry out and / or in the absence of a further storage fire test with the second accumulator 7.

[0171] The result determined in stage H can be binary, thus containing a falsification or verification with regard to the fulfillment of the requirements for the fire protection system 1, taking into account the fire behavior of the second accumulator 7.

[0172] However, a recommendation or automated adjustment of the design parameters defined in planning stage A can also be made, indicating to what extent corresponding design parameters could or would have to be adjusted to transform a determined ineffectiveness of fire protection system 1 as a protection concept for the second accumulator 7 into an effective one. In particular, or for example, a proposal for an adjusted water supply as a hydraulic design parameter can be made in process step H, taking into account the fire behavior of the second accumulator 7 determined in the comparative fire test or in comparison with the fire behavior of the first accumulator 3 determined in the reference fire test.

[0173] Accordingly, the data acquisition and / or evaluation unit 13 is designed to implement the above steps using a computer, for example, by employing artificial intelligence or a virtual and / or physical computer model of the warehouse fire test and / or the reference fire test and / or the comparative fire test or the corresponding test setups. EXAMPLES OF IMPLEMENTATION:

[0174] 1. Conducting the Laaerbrand test

[0175] 1.1 Experimental setup

[0176] The following is an experimental setup to demonstrate the effectiveness of a planned sprinkler system during the storage of initial accumulators.

[0177] In a logistics center depicted identically, sub-storage areas with accumulators were created. These storage areas were protected by sprinkler systems compliant with VdS ​​CEA 4001 "VdS CEA Guideline for Sprinkler Systems - Planning and Installation".

[0178] Each storage area is formed by a storage block, specifically a single-row upright rack system. Within each storage block, 10 traction batteries are stacked on top of each other on supports. Each storage block is constructed of aluminum profiles and covered at the top with steel sheets to prevent fire extinguishing water from penetrating. The lowest compartment for storing the battery begins approximately 0.5 m above the floor on the base frame, and the storage height is 4.5 m. The storage block can be loaded with the first batteries from the side into the corresponding storage compartment. The outer sides of the storage block are not clad.

[0179] Each initial accumulator or traction battery has dimensions of 1000 x 800 x 200 mm (length x width x height). The energy content of each initial accumulator is 100 kWh.

[0180] The charge level of the first batteries is 20%. This is the key figure that corresponds to the first batteries.

[0181] A total of 25 storage blocks are depicted as a partial storage area and arranged in the form of a uniform, checkerboard pattern, which are separated from each other by a clear strip at least 2 m wide and free of fire load.

[0182] The central bearing block is selected as the ignition point. 1.2 Test criteria

[0183] The damage to the test setup is assessed at the end of each fire and extinguishing test.

[0184] The term "fire damage" refers to damage caused by direct exposure to flames or heat, e.g. charring, burning, melting of plastic, holes, drips, etc.

[0185] 1.3 Determination of damage and assessment criteria

[0186] A maximum of twelve sprinklers may open during the fire and extinguishing attempt.

[0187] The group of 8 inner bearing blocks surrounding the innermost bearing block or the ignition point may exhibit fire damage on the sides facing the ignition source due to direct flame exposure and locally limited sinking damage, e.g. due to radiant heat, on the side facing the target.

[0188] The remaining, outermost group of storage blocks must not show any fire and / or subsidence damage.

[0189] After the sprinkler system has been switched off, only minor follow-up extinguishing work, e.g. with a spray nozzle to extinguish individual flames or embers, may be necessary.

[0190] 1.4 Design of the sprinkler system

[0191] The sprinkler system installed for fire and extinguishing tests must meet the requirements listed below.

[0192] VdS CEA 4001 Guidelines for Sprinkler Systems - Planning and Installation,

[0193] Design to at least fire hazard class HHS3

[0194] Design as a wet system without additives for extinguishing water

[0195] Water application:

[0196] The water flow rate must be kept constant at 17.1 mm / min throughout the entire test period (this corresponds to 90% of the actual water flow rate of 19 mm / min). Protection area per sprinkler: 9 m² 2

[0197] Sprinkler arrangement: In a 3 mx 3 m grid

[0198] Effective area: 300 m² 2

[0199] Sprinkler: VdS-approved pendant umbrella sprinkler

[0200] RTI - Value: Special 50-80

[0201] Nominal K-factor: K115

[0202] Nominal trigger temperature: 68°C

[0203] Distance from sprinkler head to ceiling: 45 cm

[0204] For trapezoidal sheet metal ceilings, half the value of the vertical distance between the upper and lower corrugation must be taken into account when determining the ceiling spacing.

[0205] 1.5 Sprinkler arrangement

[0206] The sprinkler system and / or the ignition source must be installed or designed in such a way as to allow for optional positioning of the ignition source relative to the sprinklers.

[0207] In particular, two tests are conducted with different relative positions of the ignition source to the sprinkler(s). In the first test, the ignition source is positioned vertically directly below a sprinkler. In the second test, the ignition source is positioned centrally between two sprinklers.

[0208] In total, sprinklers with a protection area of ​​9 m² are installed across the entire ceiling surface.2 to install.

[0209] The sprinklers must be uniquely numbered for later evaluation of the test results.

[0210] 1.6 Measurement data acquisition

[0211] The measured values ​​are recorded via:

[0212] Thermocouples

[0213] Ti [°C] - directly above the ignition source

[0214] T2 [°C] - Each at ceiling height above the ignition source

[0215] T3 up to 17 [°C] - 30 cm below the ceiling at the sprinklers

[0216] Exposed 0.5 mm type K thermocouples should be used for temperature measurement. They should be positioned at ceiling height so that the activation of the sprinklers listed above can be detected.

[0217] Pressure sensor

[0218] Pi [bar] Pressure at the hydraulically most unfavorable sprinkler in the pipe network

[0219] Time measurement t [mm:ss] Time recording over the entire duration of the experiment, during which the following times are recorded:

[0220] Start of data measurement

[0221] ignition

[0222] Activation of the fire suppression system

[0223] Extinguishing the flames (if possible)

[0224] End of deletion process

[0225] End of data measurement

[0226] Measured value = Mw

[0227] Uncertainties: UT for temperature, u p for pressure and UD for flow rate

[0228] All measured values ​​must be recorded continuously throughout the entire test procedure. The fire and extinguishing tests must also be video recorded. Any damage to the test setup must be photographed after each test and noted in the test report.

[0229] 1.7 Experimental procedure

[0230] A first accumulator located in the central bearing block is ignited.

[0231] The ignition process is initiated by thermal stress, which triggers the "thermal runaway" process. This is achieved by heating the batteries or individual cells. In this case, heating wires are attached to the traction batteries, thus overheating the cells. Alternatively or additionally, the ignition process can also be initiated by external heat input, for example, from a gas burner.

[0232] 30 minutes after the first sprinkler is extinguished, the water supply is shut off and the test is ended.

[0233] If flames are still visible in the test setup after 30 minutes, the sprinkler system will remain in operation for another 15 minutes.

[0234] If necessary, manual follow-up extinguishing work will then be carried out. Afterwards, the damage will be assessed in accordance with the assessment criteria.

[0235] 2. Conducting the reference fire test

[0236] To carry out the reference fire test, a single storage block is used based on the storage fire test, and a corresponding reference fire test is performed under the same test conditions.

[0237] Temperature measurements are recorded at the reference setup and on the ceiling. The temperature measurements recorded over the entire period are evaluated and, in particular, the average temperature value is used as the reference parameter corresponding to the first accumulator.

[0238] 3. Key parameter of the first or second accumulator

[0239] To vary the parameter, a second accumulator is now defined. The relevant parameter for this is the state of charge. While the first accumulator, which is otherwise identical to the second, has a state of charge of 20%, the second accumulator is defined as having a state of charge of 40%.

[0240] 4. Conducting the comparative fire test

[0241] The comparative fire test is conducted using an identical setup to the reference fire test. Temperature values ​​are also recorded, and an average temperature value is calculated based on these measurements. This provides a comparison parameter corresponding to the second accumulator.

[0242] 5. Comparison of the reference parameter with the comparison parameter

[0243] Finally, the measured values ​​from the reference fire test are compared with those from the comparative fire test. If the temperature value in the comparative fire test (comparison parameter) exceeds the temperature value determined in the reference fire test (reference parameter) by more than 10%, the test result concludes that the storage setup is not suitable for storing the second battery. Otherwise, the result concludes that the fire protection concept in conjunction with the storage setup for the first battery is also suitable for storing the second battery from a fire protection perspective and meets the relevant fire protection requirements. REFERENCE SYMBOL LIST:

[0244] 1 Fire protection system

[0245] 2. Warehouse setup

[0246] 3 first accumulator

[0247] 4 Reference setup

[0248] 5 Fire protection system

[0249] 6. Comparison structure

[0250] 7 second / further accumulator

[0251] 8 Fire protection system

[0252] 9 bearing block

[0253] 10 open space

[0254] 11 Ceiling

[0255] 12 Experimental setup

[0256] 13 Data acquisition and / or evaluation device

[0257] 14 Recording device

[0258] 15 Fire extinguishing equipment

[0259] 16 Barrier

Claims

Patent claims:

1. Method for testing and / or approving fire protection concepts for the storage and / or safekeeping of accumulators (3), in particular for verifying the effectiveness and / or reliability of a fire protection system (1) for the preferably cross-type storage and / or safekeeping of accumulators (3), wherein the following method steps are carried out, in particular in the sequence of method steps A) and B) specified below. A) Conducting a warehouse fire test, in particular a large-scale fire test, with the following test procedure, in particular in the sequence of individual process steps a, b, c and d specified below: a) Providing a warehouse setup (2) corresponding to and / or representing the storage facility with first accumulators (3), in particular of a defined first type, b) Initiating a fire and / or ignition event in and / or on at least one of the first accumulators (3), c) Initiating an extinguishing process using a fire protection system (1) installed in and / or on the warehouse setup (2), preferably with at least one defined extinguishing parameter, d) Determining the effectiveness and / or reliability of the fire protection concept and / or the fire protection system (1) for the warehouse setup (2); B) Conducting a reference fire test, in particular a small fire test, with the following test procedure, in particular in the following specified sequence of the individual procedure steps a, b, c and d: a) Providing a reference setup (4) that differs from the storage setup (2), in particular smaller and / or partial, in particular with at least one identical and / or corresponding storage parameter as in the b) Storage fire test and / or as in step A), in particular the same storage category, with at least one first accumulator (3), in particular of the defined first type, c) Initiating a fire and / or ignition event in and / or on the first accumulator (3), d) Initiating an extinguishing process using a fire protection system (5) installed in and / or on the reference setup (4), preferably with at least one defined extinguishing parameter, in particular at least one identical and / or corresponding extinguishing parameter as in the storage fire test and / or as in step A), e) Detecting and / or determining at least one reference parameter that at least partially characterizes and / or represents the fire behavior of the first accumulator (3) and / or the reference setup (4) and / or is at least partially attributable to the fire behavior of the first accumulator (3) and / or the reference setup (4).

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein process step B) is followed by a process step C): C) Conducting at least one comparative fire test, in particular a further small-scale fire test, with the following test procedure, in particular in the sequence of individual process steps a, b, c and d specified below: a) Providing a comparative setup (6) that differs from the storage setup, in particular the storage setup (2), in particular smaller and / or partial, with at least one second accumulator (7), in particular of a defined second type; in particular wherein the second accumulator (7) differs from the first accumulator (3) and / or in particular wherein the second type differs from the first type, b) Initiating a fire and / or ignition event in and / or on the second accumulator (7), c) Initiating an extinguishing process using a fire protection system (8) installed in and / or on the comparison setup (6) with preferably defined extinguishing parameters, d) Detecting and / or determining at least one comparison parameter that characterizes and / or reflects the fire behavior of the second accumulator (7) and / or the comparison setup (6) and / or that is at least partially attributable to the fire behavior of the second accumulator (7) and / or the reference setup (4).

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein process step C) is followed by a process step D): D) Comparison of the comparison parameter with the reference parameter, preferably wherein the effectiveness and / or reliability of the fire protection concept and / or fire protection system (1) verified and / or determined to be effective and / or reliable for the storage, preferably the storage setup (2), of the first accumulator (3), preferably with the defined extinguishing parameters, is tested and / or evaluated, in particular verified or falsified, for the storage of the second accumulator (7) by means of the comparison; particularly preferably without carrying out and / or in the absence of a (further) storage fire test, in particular a (further) large-scale fire test, with the second accumulator (7).

4. Method for testing and / or approving fire protection concepts for the storage and / or safekeeping of accumulators (3), in particular for verifying the effectiveness and / or reliability of a fire protection system (1) in the preferably cross-type storage and / or safekeeping of accumulators (3), in particular a method according to one of the preceding claims, the following procedural steps are carried out, in particular in the sequence of individual procedural steps A), B), C) and D) specified below): A) Conducting a warehouse fire test, in particular a large-scale fire test, with the following test procedure, in particular in the sequence of individual process steps a, b, c and d specified below: a) Providing a warehouse setup (2) corresponding to and / or representing the storage facility with first accumulators (3), in particular of a defined first type, b) Initiating a fire and / or ignition event in and / or on at least one of the first accumulators (3), c) Initiating an extinguishing process using a fire protection system (1) installed in and / or on the warehouse setup (2), preferably with at least one defined extinguishing parameter, d) Determining the effectiveness and / or reliability of the fire protection concept and / or the fire protection system (1) for the warehouse setup (2); B) Conducting a reference fire test, in particular a small fire test, with the following test procedure, in particular in the sequence of individual procedure steps a, b, c and d specified below: a) Providing a reference setup (4) that differs from the storage setup (2), in particular a smaller and / or partial one, in particular with at least one identical and / or corresponding storage parameter as in the storage fire test and / or as in step A), in particular the same storage category, with at least one first accumulator (3), in particular of the defined first type, b) Initiating a fire and / or ignition event in and / or on the first accumulator (3), c) Initiating an extinguishing process using a fire protection system (5) installed in and / or on the reference setup (4), preferably with at least one defined extinguishing parameter, in particular at least one identical and / or corresponding extinguishing parameter as in the storage fire test and / or as in step A), d) Detecting and / or determining at least one reference parameter that at least partially characterizes and / or represents the fire behavior of the first accumulator (3) and / or the reference setup (4) and / or is at least partially attributable to the fire behavior of the first accumulator (3) and / or the reference setup (4); C) Conducting at least one comparative fire test, in particular a further small fire test, with the following test procedure, in particular in the sequence of individual process steps a, b, c and d specified below: a) Providing a comparative setup (6) that differs from the storage setup, in particular the storage setup (2), in particular smaller and / or partial, with at least one second accumulator (7), in particular of a defined second type; in particular wherein the second accumulator (7) differs from the first accumulator (3) and / or in particular wherein the second type differs from the first type, b) Initiating a fire and / or ignition event in and / or on the second accumulator (7), c) Initiating an extinguishing process using a fire protection system (8) installed in and / or on the comparative setup (6) with preferably defined extinguishing parameters, d) Determining and / or identifying at least one comparison parameter that characterizes and / or reflects the fire behavior of the second accumulator (7) and / or the comparison setup (6) and / or that is at least partially attributable to the fire behavior of the second accumulator (7) and / or the reference setup (4); D) Comparison of the comparison parameter with the reference parameter, preferably wherein the effectiveness and / or reliability of the fire protection concept and / or fire protection system (1) verified and / or determined to be effective and / or reliable for the storage, preferably the storage setup (2), of the first accumulator (3), preferably with the defined extinguishing parameters, is tested and / or evaluated, in particular verified or falsified, for the storage of the second accumulator (7) by means of the comparison; particularly preferably without carrying out and / or in the absence of a (further) storage fire test, in particular a (further) large-scale fire test, with the second accumulator (7).

5. Method for testing and / or approving fire protection concepts for the storage and / or safekeeping of accumulators (3, 7), in particular for verifying the effectiveness and / or reliability of a fire protection system (1) in the preferably cross-type storage and / or safekeeping of accumulators (3, 7), in particular a method according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the following method steps are carried out, in particular in the sequence of individual method steps B'), C) and D) specified below. B') Providing at least one reference parameter that at least partially characterizes and / or depicts the fire behavior of a first accumulator (3), in particular of a first type, and / or a reference setup (4), and / or is at least partially attributable to the fire behavior of the first accumulator (3) and / or the reference setup (4), in particular acquired and / or determined by and / or obtained from the method according to claim 1 and / or by means of the reference setup (4) which differs from a bearing setup (2), in particular smaller and / or partial; C) Conducting at least one comparative fire test, in particular a further small fire test, with the following test procedure, in particular in the following specified sequence of the individual process steps a, b, c and d: a) Providing a comparative setup (6) that differs from the storage setup, in particular the storage setup (2), in particular smaller and / or partial, with at least one second accumulator (7), in particular of a defined second type;in particular wherein the second accumulator (7) is different from the first accumulator (3) and / or in particular wherein the second type is different from the first type, b) initiating a fire and / or ignition event in and / or on the second accumulator (7), c) initiating an extinguishing process using a fire protection system (8) installed in and / or on the comparison setup (6) with preferably defined extinguishing parameters, d) detecting and / or determining at least one comparison parameter that characterizes and / or represents the fire behavior of the second accumulator (7) and / or the comparison setup (6) and / or that is at least partially attributable to the fire behavior of the second accumulator (7) and / or the reference setup (4); D) Comparison of the comparison parameter with the reference parameter, preferably wherein the effectiveness and / or reliability of the fire protection concept and / or fire protection system (1) verified and / or determined to be effective and / or reliable for the storage, preferably the storage setup (2), of the first accumulator (3), preferably with the defined extinguishing parameters, is checked and / or evaluated, in particular verified or falsified, for the storage of the second accumulator (7) by means of the comparison; particularly preferably without carrying out and / or in the absence of a (further) storage fire test, in particular a (further) large fire test, with the second accumulator (7).

6. Method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the reference setup (4) and / or the comparison setup (6) has / have a smaller spatial extent compared to the bearing setup (2); in particular, wherein the reference setup (4) and / or the comparison setup (6) has / have a smaller spatial extent compared to the bearing setup (2) by at least 40%, preferably at least 60%, in particular at least 80%.

7. A method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the reference setup (4) and the comparison setup (6) preferably have at least substantially identical spatial dimensions and / or dimensions; and / or wherein the reference setup (4) and the comparison setup (6) preferably have at least substantially identical structures; and / or wherein the reference setup (4) on the one hand and the comparison setup (6) on the other hand have a spatial dimension and / or dimensions that differ from each other by at most 30%, preferably at most 20%, in particular at most 10%.

8. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the bearing assembly (2) comprises a plurality of bearing blocks (9) arranged, in particular, uniformly with respect to one another and / or in a uniform pattern; in particular, wherein the bearing blocks (9) are separated from one another by free areas (10), preferably free strips; and / or, in particular, wherein the reference assembly (4) and / or the comparison assembly (6) comprises a single bearing block (9); and / or in particular wherein the reference setup (4) and / or the comparison setup (6) is / are formed by a single bearing block (9) and / or is / are block-shaped.

9. Method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the reference setup (4) and / or the comparison setup (6) corresponds to the storage setup (2) in at least one storage parameter and / or in one storage category; in particular, wherein the storage parameter is selected from the group of storage height and / or a distance between the storage height and a ceiling (11); and / or in particular, wherein the storage category is selected from a freestanding storage system, a pallet rack storage system, a single-row upright storage system, or a multi-row upright storage system.

10. A method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the reference setup (4) and / or comparison setup (6) has a reduced number of accumulators (3, 7) compared to the storage setup (2); in particular, wherein the number of accumulators (3, 7) in the reference setup (4) and / or in the comparison setup (6) is at most 6, preferably at most 4, and in particular at most 2; and / or in particular, wherein the number of accumulators (3, 7) in the reference setup and / or in the comparison setup (6) is reduced by at least 5, preferably at least 10, and in particular at least 20, compared to the number of accumulators in the storage setup; most preferably, wherein the reference setup (4) and / or the comparison setup (6) has a single accumulator (3, 7). 11.A method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the reference parameter is selected from the group consisting of a heat release and / or heat release rate of the first accumulator (3) and / or the reference setup (4), an outgassing of the first accumulator (3) and / or the reference setup (4), a temperature at and / or in the reference setup (4), a temperature at a ceiling (11) of the reference setup (4), a temperature at and / or in the first accumulator (3), and any combination thereof; and / or wherein the comparison parameter is selected from the group consisting of a heat release and / or heat release rate of the second accumulator (7) and / or the comparison setup (6), an outgassing of the second accumulator (7) and / or the comparison setup (6), a temperature at and / or in the comparison setup (6), a temperature at a ceiling (11) of the comparison setup (6), a temperature at and / or in the second accumulator (7), and any combination thereof.

12. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the extinguishing process in the warehouse fire test on the one hand and the extinguishing process in the reference fire test and / or in the comparative fire test on the other hand is implemented with at least one coordinated and / or preferably at least substantially identical extinguishing parameter, preferably with a coordinated and / or preferably at least substantially identical water application; and / or wherein the extinguishing process in the warehouse fire test on the one hand and the extinguishing process in the reference fire test and / or comparative fire test on the other hand is carried out with a substantially identical arrangement and / or spacing of extinguishing devices (15), in particular sprinkler devices, of the respective fire protection systems (1, 5, 8); and / or wherein the fire protection system (5) of the reference setup (4) is smaller and / or a section of the fire protection system (1) of the warehouse setup (2);and / or wherein the fire protection system (8) of the comparison setup (6) is smaller and / or a section of the fire protection system (1) of the storage setup (2).; 13. Method according to claim 12, wherein the fire protection system (5) of the reference setup (4) and the fire protection system (8) of the comparison setup (6) are preferably designed at least substantially identically and / or are operated with preferably at least substantially identical extinguishing parameters.

14. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the second accumulator (7) differs from the first accumulator (3) in at least one, in particular exactly one, characteristic parameter; in particular wherein the characteristic parameter is selected from (accumulator) type, age or aging, packaging, capacity, state of charge, accumulator material, casing, dimension or any combination thereof.

15. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first accumulator (3) and / or the second accumulator (7) is / are provided as a block and / or battery cell assembly; and / or wherein the first accumulator (3) and / or the second accumulator (7) is / are provided as a packaging and / or parcel unit, in particular in a pallet storage configuration; and / or wherein the first accumulator (3) and / or the second accumulator (7) is / are provided as a lithium-ion battery and / or traction battery.

16. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the reference test and / or the comparison test is repeated multiple times, in particular at least three times; in particular wherein the reference parameter and / or the comparison parameter is determined as a mathematical result, in particular a mean value, from a series of reference tests and / or comparison tests, in particular at least three times.

17. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the reference parameter is recorded and / or determined via a preferably continuous and / or continuous measurement recording during the reference fire test; in particular, wherein the measurement recording is carried out over the entire duration of the reference fire test and / or starting with the initiation of the fire and / or ignition event until the end of the extinguishing process; and / or in particular, wherein the measurement recording is carried out as temperature value recording.

18. Method according to claim 17, wherein the measurement recording is carried out at a plurality of measuring points spaced at different distances from the first accumulator (3); in particular, wherein the measuring points on the reference setup (4) are arranged on the upper side of and / or above the first accumulator (3) and / or at measuring points spaced vertically apart from one another; and / or in particular, wherein the measuring points on the reference setup (4) are preferably arranged in pairs, in particular in groups of four, on the upper side of and / or above the first accumulator (3) and / or at measuring planes spaced vertically apart from one another.

19. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the comparison parameter is recorded and / or determined via a preferably continuous and / or continuous measurement recording during the comparative fire test; in particular wherein the measurement recording is carried out over the entire duration of the comparative fire test and / or starting with the initiation of the fire and / or ignition event until the end of the extinguishing process; and / or in particular wherein the measurement recording is carried out as temperature measurement.

20. Method according to claim 19, wherein the measurement recording is carried out at a plurality of measuring points spaced at different distances from the second accumulator (7); in particular, wherein the measuring points on the comparison setup (6) are arranged on the upper side of and / or above the second accumulator (7) and / or at measuring points spaced vertically and / or horizontally apart from one another; and / or in particular, wherein the measuring points on the comparison setup (6) are preferably arranged in pairs, in particular in groups of four, on the upper side of and / or above the second accumulator (7) and / or at measuring planes spaced vertically and / or horizontally apart from one another.

21. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein in the reference fire test and / or in the comparison fire test at least one water-impermeable barrier (16) is arranged above at least one accumulator (3, 7), in particular such that extinguishing water does not directly affect the burning and / or ignited accumulator (3, 7).

22. Test facility (12) for testing and / or approval of fire protection concepts for the storage and / or safekeeping of accumulators (3, 7) in a storage structure (2), in particular for verifying the effectiveness and / or reliability of a fire protection system (1) in the preferably cross-type storage and / or safekeeping of accumulators (3, 7), and / or in particular test facility for carrying out the method according to one of the preceding claims, comprising: (I) a reference setup (4) that differs from the storage and / or warehousing setup and / or deviates from the storage setup (2), in particular smaller and / or partial, in particular with at least one storage parameter that is the same as and / or corresponds to the storage setup (2) and / or the same storage category, with at least one first Accumulator (3), in particular of a defined first type, and with at least one fire protection system (5), (II) a comparison setup (6) that differs from the storage and / or warehousing setup and / or from the storage setup (2), in particular smaller and / or partial, in particular with at least one storage parameter that is the same as and / or corresponds to the storage setup (2) and / or the same storage category, with at least one second accumulator (7), in particular of a defined second type, and with at least one fire protection system (8), in particular wherein the second accumulator (7) is different from the first accumulator (3) and / or in particular wherein the second type is different from a first type of the first accumulator (3); and / or in particular wherein the comparison setup (6) is identical to the reference setup (4) and / or the comparison setup (6) corresponds to the reference setup (4), and (III) a detection and / or evaluation device (13) for detecting and / or determining at least one characteristic and / or representation of the fire behavior of the first accumulator (3) and / or the reference setup (4) and / or relating to the fire behavior of the first accumulator (3) and / or the reference setup (4) at least partially attributable reference parameter and for recording and / or determining at least one comparison parameter that characterizes and / or depicts the fire behavior of the second accumulator (7) and / or the comparison setup (6) and / or that is at least partially attributable to the fire behavior of the second accumulator (7) and / or the test setup (6), wherein the recording and / or evaluation device (13) is designed to compare the comparison parameter with the reference parameter.

23. Test setup according to claim 22, wherein the test setup (12) further comprises a storage structure (2) corresponding to and / or representing storage with first accumulators (3), in particular of a defined first type, and with at least one fire protection system (1 ).

24. Test facility (12) for testing and / or approval of fire protection concepts for the storage and / or safekeeping of accumulators (3, 7) in a storage structure (2), in particular for verifying the effectiveness and / or reliability of a fire protection system (1) in the preferably cross-type storage and / or safekeeping of accumulators (3, 7), in particular a test facility for carrying out the method according to one of the preceding claims, comprising: (II') a comparative setup (6) that differs from the storage arrangement, in particular a storage setup (2), and is in particular smaller and / or partial, with at least one second accumulator (7), in particular of a defined second type, in particular wherein the second accumulator (7) is different from a first accumulator (3) and / or in particular wherein the second type is different from a first type of a first accumulator (3), and (Ul') a detection and / or evaluation device (13) in which at least one reference parameter is stored that at least partially characterizes and / or depicts the fire behavior of the first accumulator (3) and / or is at least partially attributable to the fire behavior of the first accumulator (3) and / or the reference setup (4), wherein the detection and / or evaluation device (13) is designed to detect and / or determine at least one comparison parameter that at least partially characterizes and / or depicts the fire behavior of the second accumulator (7) and / or the comparison setup (6) and is at least partially attributable to the fire behavior of the second accumulator (7) and / or the test setup (6) and to compare the comparison parameter with the reference parameter.

25. Test setup according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the reference setup (4) and / or the comparison setup (6) has / have a smaller spatial extent and / or dimension compared to the bearing setup (2); in particular, wherein the reference setup (4) and / or the comparison setup (6) has / have a spatial extent and / or dimension that is at least 40%, preferably at least 60%, and in particular at least 80% smaller than that of the bearing setup (2).

26. Test setup according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the reference setup (4) and the comparison setup (6) preferably have at least substantially identical spatial dimensions and / or dimensions, or wherein the reference setup (4) and the comparison setup (6) have spatial dimensions that differ from each other by at most 30%, preferably at most 20%, in particular at most 10%.

27. Test setup according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the bearing assembly (2) comprises a plurality of bearing blocks (9) preferably arranged uniformly and / or in a uniform pattern, preferably wherein the bearing blocks (9) are separated from one another by free areas (10), preferably free strips; in particular wherein the reference assembly (4) and / or comparison assembly (6) comprises a single bearing block (9); and / or in particular wherein the reference assembly (4) and / or comparison assembly (6) is / are formed by a single bearing block (9) and / or is / are block-shaped.

28. Test setup according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the reference setup (4) and / or the comparison setup (6) and / or the storage setup (2) are configured according to a defined storage category; in particular, wherein the storage category is selected from a freestanding storage system, pallet racking system, single-row upright storage system or multi-row upright storage system; and / or in particular, wherein the storage setup (2) and / or the reference setup (4) and / or the comparison setup (6) is / are configured as a pallet racking system.

29. Test setup according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the reference setup (4) and / or the comparison setup (6) corresponds to the storage setup (2) in at least one storage parameter and / or in one storage category; in particular, wherein the storage parameter is selected from the group consisting of a storage height and / or a distance between the maximum storage height and a ceiling (11); and / or in particular, wherein the storage category is selected from a freestanding storage system, pallet racking system, single-row upright storage system or multi-row upright storage system.

30. Test setup according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the reference setup (4) and / or comparison setup (6) has / have a reduced number of accumulators (3, 7) compared to the storage setup (2); in particular, wherein the number of accumulators (3, 7) in or on the reference setup (4) and / or comparison setup (6) is at most 6, preferably at most 4, in particular at most 2; most preferably, wherein the reference setup (4) and / or the comparison setup (6) has / have a single accumulator (3, 7).

31. Experimental setup according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the reference parameter is selected from the group consisting of a heat release and / or heat release rate of the first accumulator (3) and / or the reference setup (4), outgassing of the first accumulator (3) and / or the reference setup (4), temperature at the reference setup (4), temperature at a ceiling (11) of the reference setup, temperature at the first accumulator (3), and any combination thereof; and / or wherein the comparison parameter is selected from the group consisting of a heat release and / or heat release rate of the second accumulator (7) and / or the comparison setup (6), outgassing of the second accumulator (7) and / or the comparison setup (6), temperature at the comparison setup (6), temperature at a ceiling (11) of the comparison setup (6), temperature at the second accumulator (7), and any combination thereof.

32. Experimental setup according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the second accumulator (7) differs from the first accumulator (3) in at least one, preferably exactly one, characteristic parameter; in particular wherein the characteristic parameter is selected from (accumulator) type, packaging, capacity, state of charge, accumulator material, housing, dimensions, age or aging or any combination thereof.

33. Experimental setup according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the first accumulator (3) and / or the second accumulator (7) is / are provided as a block and / or battery cell assembly; and / or wherein the first accumulator (3) and / or the second accumulator (7) is / are provided as a packaging and / or parcel unit, in particular in a pallet configuration; and / or wherein the first accumulator (3) and / or the second accumulator (7) is / are provided as a lithium-ion battery and / or traction battery.

34. Test setup according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the acquisition and / or evaluation device (13) is configured to determine the reference parameter and / or the comparison parameter as a mathematical result, in particular mean value, from a test series of at least three reference tests and / or comparison tests.

35. Experimental setup according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the reference setup (4) comprises at least one recording device (14), in particular a measuring and / or sensor device, for preferably continuous and / or continuous recording of the reference parameter; in particular wherein the recording device (14) is designed for temperature detection and / or as a temperature sensor.

36. Test setup according to claim 35, wherein the reference setup (4) comprises a plurality of recording devices (14) spaced at different distances from the first accumulator (3); in particular, wherein the recording devices (14) are arranged vertically and / or horizontally spaced apart from one another on the reference setup (4), in particular in pairs on the top side of and / or above the first accumulator (3); and / or in particular, wherein the recording devices (13) are arranged on the reference setup (4), preferably in pairs, in particular in groups of four, on the top side of and / or above the first accumulator (3); and / or in particular, wherein the recording devices (14) are arranged as vertically spaced measuring planes, in particular on the top side of and / or above the first accumulator (3).

37. Experimental setup according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the comparison setup (6) comprises at least one recording device (13), in particular a measuring and / or sensor device, for preferably continuous and / or continuous measurement recording of the comparison parameter; in particular wherein the recording device (14) is designed for temperature detection and / or as a temperature sensor.

38. Test setup according to claim 37, wherein the comparison setup (6) comprises a plurality of recording devices (14) spaced at different distances from the second accumulator (7); in particular, wherein the recording devices (14) are arranged on the comparison setup (6), in particular in pairs, on the top side of and / or above the second accumulator (7), spaced vertically and / or horizontally apart from one another; and / or in particular, wherein the recording devices (14) are arranged on the comparison setup (6), preferably in pairs, in particular in four pairs, on the top side of and / or above the second accumulator (7); and / or in particular, wherein the recording devices (14) are arranged as vertically spaced measuring planes, in particular on the top side of and / or above the second accumulator (7).

39. Test setup according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the reference setup (4) and / or the comparison setup (6) has / has at least one water-impermeable barrier (16) for covering at least one accumulator (3, 7), in particular such that extinguishing water does not directly affect and / or strike the burning and / or ignited accumulator (3, 7).

40. Use of a test facility (12) according to one of the preceding claims for testing and / or approval of fire protection concepts for the storage and / or safekeeping of accumulators (3, 7) in a storage structure (2), in particular for verifying the effectiveness and / or reliability of a fire protection system (1) in the preferably cross-type storage and / or safekeeping of accumulators (3, 7), and / or in particular for carrying out the method according to one of the preceding claims.

41. Use of a test facility (12) according to one of the preceding claims for verifying the effectiveness and / or reliability of a fire protection system (1) in the preferably cross-type storage and / or safekeeping of accumulators (3, 7).

42. Use of an experimental setup (12) according to one of the preceding claims for carrying out the method according to one of the preceding claims.

43. Computer program product comprising instructions that cause a detection and / or evaluation device (13) of a test setup (12), in particular the detection and / or evaluation device (13) of claim 22, to perform the method steps of detecting and / or determining at least one reference parameter that at least partially characterizes and / or depicts the fire behavior of a first accumulator (3) and / or a reference setup (4) and / or is at least partially attributable to the fire behavior of the first accumulator (3) and / or the reference setup (4), and / or that a detection and / or evaluation device (13) of a test setup (12), in particular the detection and / or Evaluation device (13) of claim 22 or 24, comprising the method steps of detecting and / or determining at least one characteristic and / or representation of the fire behavior of the second accumulator (7) and / or the comparison setup (6) at least partially and / or relating to the fire behavior of the second accumulator (7) and / or the comparison setup. (8) at least partially attributable to the comparison parameter and, preferably, the comparison of the comparison parameter with the reference parameter.

44. Computer-readable medium on which the computer program product according to claim 43 and / or at least one reference parameter that at least partially characterizes and / or depicts the fire behavior of a first accumulator (3) and / or is at least partially attributable to the fire behavior of the first accumulator (3) and / or the reference setup (4), in particular the reference parameter detected and / or determined according to claim 1, is / are stored.

45. Use of a reference setup (4) and / or an accumulator (3) in a reference setup (4) for testing and / or validating fire protection concepts for the storage and / or safekeeping of accumulators (3), in particular for verifying the effectiveness and / or reliability of a fire protection system (1) in the preferably cross-type storage and / or safekeeping of accumulators (3), in particular for carrying out the method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the reference setup differs from the storage facility, in particular a storage setup (2) corresponding to the storage facility, in particular is smaller and / or a section or block (9) of the storage facility orof the storage setup (2), and has at least one first accumulator (3), in particular of a defined first type, wherein a fire event is initiated in and / or on the first accumulator (3) and an extinguishing process is initiated, and wherein at least one reference parameter is recorded and / or determined which at least partially characterizes and / or depicts the fire behavior of the first accumulator (3) and / or the reference setup (4) and / or which is at least partially attributable to the fire behavior of the first accumulator (3) and / or the reference setup (4).

46. ​​Use of a comparative setup (6) and / or an accumulator (7) in a comparative setup (6) for testing and / or validating fire protection concepts for the storage and / or safekeeping of accumulators (7), in particular for verifying the effectiveness and / or reliability of a fire protection system (1) in the preferably cross-type storage and / or safekeeping of accumulators, in particular for carrying out the method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the comparative setup (6) differs from the storage, in particular a storage setup (2) corresponding to the storage, in particular is smaller and / or a section or block (9) of the storage orof the storage setup (2), and has at least one second accumulator (7), in particular of a defined second type, wherein at least one reference parameter is provided that at least partially characterizes and / or reflects the fire behavior of a first accumulator (3), wherein a fire event in and / or on the second accumulator (7) and an extinguishing process is initiated, wherein at least one comparison parameter that characterizes and / or reflects the fire behavior of the second accumulator (7) and / or the comparison setup (6) and / or is at least partially attributable to the fire behavior of the second accumulator (7) and / or the comparison setup (6) is detected and / or determined, and wherein the comparison parameter is compared with the reference parameter, and wherein, preferably, the effectiveness and / or reliability of the orthe fire protection concept and / or fire protection system (1) for the storage, preferably the storage structure (2), of the first accumulator (3) is verified or falsified by means of comparison for the storage of the second accumulator (7), particularly preferably without carrying out a storage fire test with the second accumulator.

Images