System, method, and program

Abstract

Provided are a system, a method, and a program capable of appropriately determining a switching parameter. The system comprises: an acquisition unit that acquires communication requirements and wireless quality information; a decision unit that decides whether communication quality according to the wireless quality information acquired by the acquisition unit satisfies the communication requirements; and a determination unit that determines a switching parameter for handover or beam switching on the basis of timing at which the decision unit decides that the communication requirements are not satisfied.

Description

System, method and program

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a system, a method, and a program.

[0002] In wireless communication systems, techniques for adjusting wireless parameters such as handover parameters are known. Handover may also be referred to as HO. For example, Patent Document 1 describes adjusting wireless parameters of a cell based on wireless quality information and communication quality information acquired from a base station.

[0003] International Publication No. 2014 / 104185

[0004] For example, according to Patent Document 1, radio parameters such as cell handover parameters can be adjusted based on information acquired from a base station. In recent years, opportunities to use radio communications in various applications have increased, and it may be necessary to adjust radio parameters according to the application. For example, in applications in which terminals move, it is desirable to more appropriately adjust switching parameters for handover and beam switching.

[0005] In view of the above problems, one of the objects of the present disclosure is to provide a system, a method, and a program that can appropriately determine switching parameters.

[0006] A system according to one aspect of the present disclosure includes an acquisition unit that acquires communication requirements and wireless quality information, a determination unit that determines whether the communication quality according to the wireless quality information satisfies the communication requirements, and a determination unit that determines switching parameters for handover or beam switching based on the timing at which it is determined that the communication requirements are not satisfied.

[0007] A system according to one aspect of the present disclosure includes an acquisition unit that acquires communication requirements, radio quality information, and RAN parameters, and a determination unit that determines switching parameters for handover or beam switching based on the communication requirements, the radio quality information, and the RAN parameters.

[0008] A method according to one aspect of the present disclosure acquires communication requirements and radio quality information, determines whether the communication quality according to the radio quality information satisfies the communication requirements, and determines switching parameters for handover or beam switching based on the timing at which it is determined that the communication requirements are not satisfied.

[0009] A program according to one aspect of the present disclosure is a program for causing a computer to execute a process of acquiring communication requirements and wireless quality information, determining whether the communication quality according to the wireless quality information satisfies the communication requirements, and determining switching parameters for handover or beam switching based on the timing at which it is determined that the communication requirements are not satisfied.

[0010] According to the present disclosure, it is possible to appropriately determine switching parameters.

[0011] 1 is a block diagram illustrating an example configuration of a system according to some embodiments; 2 is a block diagram illustrating an example configuration of an apparatus according to some embodiments; 3 is a flowchart illustrating a method according to some embodiments; 4 is a block diagram illustrating an example configuration of a RAN system according to some embodiments; 5 is a block diagram illustrating an example configuration of each apparatus in a RAN system according to some embodiments; 6 is a flowchart illustrating an example operation in a RAN system according to some embodiments; 7 is a diagram illustrating a specific example of a handover according to some embodiments; 8 is a graph illustrating radio quality versus UE travel time according to some embodiments; 9 is a graph illustrating occurrence probability versus handover timing according to some embodiments; 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of handover parameter adjustment according to some embodiments; 11 is a block diagram illustrating an example of each apparatus in a RAN system according to some embodiments; 12 is a flowchart illustrating an example operation in a RAN system according to some embodiments; 13 is a block diagram illustrating an example of RAN parameter adjustment according to some embodiments; 14 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of each apparatus in a RAN system according to some embodiments; 15 is a flowchart illustrating an example operation in a RAN system according to some embodiments; 16 is a diagram illustrating a specific example of a handover according to some embodiments; 17 is a graph illustrating signal strength versus UE location according to some embodiments; 18 is a graph illustrating delay versus UE travel time according to some embodiments; 19 is a graph illustrating delay versus UE travel time according to some embodiments; FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of handover parameter adjustment according to some embodiments. FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of handover parameter adjustment according to some embodiments. FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of each device in a RAN system according to some embodiments. FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating an example of operation of handover parameter adjustment according to some embodiments. FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of each device in a RAN system according to some embodiments. FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating an example of operation of handover parameter adjustment according to some embodiments. FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a specific example of beam management according to some embodiments.FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an overview of computer hardware according to some embodiments.

[0012] Hereinafter, embodiments will be described with reference to the drawings. In each drawing, the same elements are assigned the same reference numerals, and duplicate explanations will be omitted as necessary. Note that terms including parameters, interfaces, etc. in the following description are based on the specifications of, for example, 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) (registered trademark) and O-RAN ALLIANCE, but do not necessarily have to comply with the specifications of 3GPP or O-RAN ALLIANCE.

[0013] (Discussion Leading to Embodiments) In recent years, wireless communication has been used in various applications. For example, in autonomous driving and platooning, V2N (Vehicle to Network) that wirelessly connects vehicles to a network is used. In autonomous driving and platooning, communication requirements such as communication delays must be met in order to control moving vehicles to drive safely.

[0014] In wireless communication systems used for autonomous driving and platooning, handovers occur as terminals move, which can result in a deterioration of wireless quality and an increase in communication delays.

[0015] For example, an HO Failure occurs depending on the handover timing. Causes of an HO Failure include Too Early, Too Late, Wrong Cell, etc. The handover timing is the timing at which a handover of a terminal is started.

[0016] The "too early HO failure" refers to a handover failure caused by a too early handover timing. Specifically, after a terminal has handed over from a source cell to a target cell, a radio link failure (RLF) occurs in the target cell, and the terminal reconnects to the source cell.

[0017] A "too late" HO failure occurs when a handover fails due to a too late handover timing. Specifically, a "too late" situation occurs when a radio link failure occurs in the source cell before the UE performs handover and connects to the target cell.

[0018] An HO Failure due to a Wrong Cell refers to a handover failure caused by connecting to a wrong cell. Specifically, when a radio ring failure occurs during or after handover and a cell different from the source cell and target cell is connected, the wrong cell occurs.

[0019] In a related technique, handover failures are reduced by adjusting handover parameters and changing handover timing according to the occurrence status of HO failures. The handover parameters are parameters for determining the handover timing. For example, the handover parameters include a wireless quality threshold (offset) for determining whether to start a handover.

[0020] Related technologies can prevent degradation of communication quality caused by handover failures by adjusting handover parameters. However, because related technologies only consider reducing handover failures, they may not be able to meet the communication requirements of applications such as autonomous driving and platooning. This is true not only for handovers, but also for beam switching in beam management.

[0021] For example, in the case of a Too Early HO Failure, even if the handover failure can be avoided by delaying the handover timing, the communication requirements may not be satisfied immediately after the handover.Also, in the case of a Too Late HO Failure, even if the handover failure can be avoided by advancing the handover timing, the communication requirements may not be satisfied immediately before the handover.

[0022] Therefore, in the embodiment, it is possible to prevent a decrease in wireless quality and an increase in communication delay due to handover or beam switching, and to satisfy the communication requirements of the application.

[0023] (Embodiment 1) First, embodiment 1 will be described. In this embodiment, an outline of several embodiments will be described.

[0024] FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary configuration of a system 10 according to some embodiments. The system 10 controls a radio network such as a radio access network (RAN). The RAN may include a general RAN, an open radio access network (Open RAN), a RAN conforming to the O-RAN ALLIANCE specifications, and other RANs. For example, the system 10 may include an O-RAN RAN Intelligent Controller (O-RAN RIC) that controls the O-RAN. The O-RAN RIC is a RIC conforming to the O-RAN ALLIANCE specifications. In the case of a RIC, the system 10 may include either a near-RT RIC or a non-RT RIC, or both.

[0025] 1 , the system 10 includes an acquisition unit 11, a determination unit 12, and a decision unit 13. The acquisition unit 11 acquires communication requirements and wireless quality information. The acquisition unit that acquires the communication requirements and the acquisition unit that acquires the wireless quality information may be separate blocks. The acquisition unit 11 may acquire the communication requirements of the terminal and the wireless quality information of the terminal.

[0026] The communication requirements are requirements for communication quality required by an application of the terminal. The communication quality includes an index indicating the quality of traffic, and may be, for example, throughput or delay time. For example, the acquisition unit 11 may acquire the communication requirements of the terminal from an application server that manages the application. Note that the application is an application (program) executed on the terminal and the server, or a service realized by the terminal and the server, such as autonomous driving or platooning.

[0027] The radio quality information includes an index indicating the received power or radio wave strength of radio waves, and may be, for example, RSRP (Reference Signal Received Power), RSRQ (Reference Signal Received Quality), RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator), SINR (Signal to Interference plus Noise power Ratio), CQI (Channel Quality Indicator) Distribution, etc. For example, the acquisition unit 11 may acquire the radio quality information of the terminal from a RAN including an O-DU (O-RAN Distributed Unit) and an O-CU (O-RAN Central Unit).

[0028] The determination unit 12 determines whether the communication quality according to the wireless quality information acquired by the acquisition unit 11 satisfies the communication requirements acquired by the acquisition unit 11. The determination unit 12 may estimate the communication quality from the acquired wireless quality information. The determination unit 12 may determine whether the communication quality of the terminal satisfies the communication requirements of the terminal.

[0029] The determination unit 13 determines switching parameters for handover or beam switching based on the timing at which the determination unit 12 determines that the communication requirements are not satisfied. For example, the timing at which the determination unit 12 determines that the communication requirements are not satisfied may include timing before or after handover or beam switching of the terminal. The determination unit 13 may determine switching parameters for the terminal based on the determination result of the communication requirements of the terminal. The determination unit may also determine switching parameters for other terminals in the same cell or beam as the terminal that has acquired radio quality information and determined the communication requirements.

[0030] The switching parameter is a parameter for determining handover timing or beam switching timing. For example, the switching parameter may be an offset for the wireless quality of the terminal. In the case of handover, the switching parameter is a handover parameter, and may be, for example, a cell individual offset (CIO). Furthermore, the switching parameter may be, for example, a parameter for controlling the condition (measurement report condition) under which the terminal notifies the base station of the wireless quality, or a parameter for the base station to decide to switch the cell / base station to which the terminal belongs or the beam being used.

[0031] The determination unit 13 may determine switching parameters for the terminal when it is determined that the communication requirements of the terminal are not satisfied before or after, for example, immediately before or after, a handover or beam switching of the terminal. For example, the determination unit 13 may add a first value to an offset, which is a switching parameter, when it is determined that the communication quality of the terminal does not satisfy the communication requirements of the terminal after a handover or beam switching of the terminal is executed. The determination unit 13 may subtract the first value from the offset, which is a switching parameter, when it is determined that the communication quality of the terminal does not satisfy the communication requirements of the terminal before a handover or beam switching of the terminal is executed. The determination unit 13 may group terminals based on the communication requirements of the terminals, and determine the switching parameters set for the group to which the terminal belongs as the switching parameters of the terminal.

[0032] The determination unit 13 may determine RAN parameters for controlling the RAN, not limited to the switching parameters. The determination unit 13 may determine the RAN parameters according to the switching parameters. The RAN parameters may include a tolerance parameter. The tolerance parameter is a parameter capable of suppressing degradation of communication quality. The RAN parameters including the tolerance parameter may be, for example, a target BLER (Block Error Rate), a radio resource block allocation ratio, a maximum packet delay budget, etc. For example, the determination unit 13 may increase the tolerance to degradation of communication quality due to the tolerance parameter according to an increase in the offset, which is a switching parameter.

[0033] Furthermore, the acquisition unit 11 may acquire RAN parameters, and the determination unit 13 may determine switching parameters based on the acquired RAN parameters. The determination unit 13 may determine switching parameters for the terminal based on the RAN parameters of the terminal. For example, the determination unit 13 may increase an offset, which is a switching parameter, in accordance with an increase in tolerance to degradation of communication quality due to a tolerance parameter such as target BLER. The determination unit 13 may group terminals based on the RAN parameters of the terminals, and determine switching parameters set for the group to which the terminal belongs as switching parameters for the terminal.

[0034] The system 10 may be configured with one device or multiple devices. Fig. 2 shows an example configuration of a device 20 according to some embodiments. In the example of Fig. 2, the device 20 includes the acquisition unit 11, judgment unit 12, and decision unit 13 shown in Fig. 1. For example, some or all of the acquisition unit 11, judgment unit 12, and decision unit 13 may be located in either the near-RT RIC or the non-RT RIC, or in other devices.

[0035] Figure 3 illustrates a method according to some embodiments, which may be performed, for example, by system 10 of Figure 1 or device 20 of Figure 2.

[0036] 3, the acquisition unit 11 acquires communication requirements and wireless quality information (S11). For example, the acquisition unit 11 acquires communication requirements for an application of the terminal and wireless quality information of the terminal.

[0037] Next, the determination unit 12 determines whether the communication quality according to the acquired wireless quality information satisfies the acquired communication requirements (S12). For example, the determination unit 12 determines whether the communication quality of the terminal satisfies the communication requirements of the terminal.

[0038] Next, the determination unit 13 determines switching parameters for handover or beam switching based on the timing at which it is determined that the communication requirements are not satisfied (S13). For example, when it is determined that the communication requirements of the terminal are not satisfied before or after handover or beam switching of the terminal, the determination unit 13 determines switching parameters for determining the timing of handover or beam switching of the terminal.

[0039] In this manner, in this embodiment, it is determined whether or not the communication quality satisfies the communication requirements, and the switching parameters for handover or beam switching are determined based on the timing at which it is determined that the communication quality does not satisfy the communication requirements. In this way, by appropriately adjusting the switching parameters and changing the switching timing, it is possible to control so as to satisfy the communication requirements.

[0040] In the following embodiment, a specific example of the first embodiment will be described.

[0041] (Embodiment 2) Next, a description will be given of embodiment 2. In this embodiment, an example will be described in which handover parameters of a UE are determined based on communication requirements of the UE.

[0042] Fig. 4 shows an example configuration of a RAN system 1 according to some embodiments. In the example of Fig. 4, the RAN system 1 includes a Near-RT RIC 100, a Non-RT RIC 200, an O-DU 300, an O-CU 400, and a V2N application server 500. The RAN system 1 is, for example, a system compatible with the 5th Generation (5G) or Long Term Evolution (LTE) standards, but may also be a system compatible with next-generation standards including 6G (3GPP Release 18 or later) or other generation standards.

[0043] The Non-RT RIC 200 and the Near-RT RIC 100 are communicatively connected via the O1 interface. The Non-RT RIC 200 and the E2 node including the O-DU 300 and the O-CU 400 are also communicatively connected via the O1 interface. The O1 interface is an interface primarily for sending and receiving data and messages required for operation and management. Note that an interface is a connection interface defined by a communication protocol for sending and receiving data and messages, and includes logical transmission paths and networks, as well as physical transmission paths and networks.

[0044] Furthermore, the Non-RT RIC 200 and the Near-RT RIC 100 are communicatively connected via an A1 interface. The Near-RT RIC 100 and the E2 node including the O-DU 300 and the O-CU 400 are connected via an E2 interface. The A1 interface and the E2 interface are interfaces primarily for transmitting and receiving data and messages required for control. The O-DU 300 and the O-CU 400 are communicatively connected via an F1 interface.

[0045] The Non-RT RIC 200 and the V2N application server 500 are connected to each other via any interface that is not defined in the O-RAN. The interface between the Non-RT RIC 200 and the V2N application server 500 may be an interface that is used by a general application server to provide data. For example, the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) for a web server or another Application Programming Interface (API) may be used.

[0046] The O-DU 300 and the O-CU 400 are nodes that constitute the RAN and are also referred to as E2 nodes. The E2 node may include either or both of the O-DU 300 and the O-CU 400. The RAN is a wireless network accessed by UEs (User Equipment) and is connected to a core network such as the 5G Core network (5GC) or the Evolved Packet Core (EPC). The RAN may include an O-RU (O-RAN Remote Unit) that constitutes an antenna. The UE is a terminal device that connects to the RAN and performs wireless communication. For example, the UE may be a mobile phone, a smartphone, a tablet device, an IoT (Internet of Things) terminal, or the like. The UE may also be an application device that implements terminal functions. For example, the UE may be a vehicle that performs autonomous driving or platooning using V2N, or an AGV (Automated Guided Vehicle), an AMR (Autonomous Mobile Robot), an autonomously traveling robot, a drone, or the like.

[0047] The O-DU300 and the O-CU400 provide base station functions. As a base station function, the O-DU300 and the O-CU400 acquire radio quality information from the UE and transmit the acquired radio quality information to the Near-RT RIC100 or the Non-RT RIC200. The base station is, for example, a gNB (next generation Node B) or an eNB (evolved Node B), but is not limited to these. The O-DU300 and the O-CU400 are examples of nodes that provide base station functions, and may be other network nodes.

[0048] The O-DU 300 is a logical node that provides the radio signal control function and Layer 2 control function of the base station. The O-DU 300 accommodates the O-RU, controls the radio signal or beam of the antenna in the accommodated O-RU, and performs protocol processing such as MAC (Media Access Control) and RLC (Radio Link Control) required between the O-RU and the O-CU 400.

[0049] The O-CU 400 is a logical node that provides the radio resource control function of the base station and data processing functions higher than Layer 2. The O-CU 400 accommodates the O-DU 300 and performs data transmission and reception via the accommodated O-DU 300, QoS (Quality of Service) control, cell / UE management, handover control, and protocol processing such as PDCP (Packet Data Convergence Protocol), SDAP (Service Data Adaptation Protocol), and RRC (Radio Resource Control) required between the O-DU 300 and the core network.

[0050] The RAN system 1 may include any number of O-DUs 300 and O-CUs 400, one or more, as E2 nodes. That is, the RAN system 1 may include multiple base stations. The number of O-DUs 300 and O-CUs 400 does not necessarily have to be the same. The O-DUs 300 and O-CUs 400 may be located in different locations or in the same location. Furthermore, the O-DUs 300 and O-CUs 400 may be implemented by different virtual machines operating on an edge virtualization platform, or by the same virtual machine. The O-DUs 300 and O-CUs 400 may be virtualized distributed units (vDUs) and virtualized central units (vCUs), and may constitute virtual base stations. The O-DUs 300 and O-CUs 400 may also be physical DUs and CUs. The E2 node may also be a base station device that includes the functions of O-DU300 and O-CU400.

[0051] The V2N application server 500 is an application server external to the RAN. The V2N application server 500 may be, for example, a server on the Internet. The V2N application server 500 may be a physical server or a virtual server on the cloud. The V2N application server 500 provides server functions necessary for autonomous driving, platooning, and the like, as examples of applications. The V2N application server 500 communicates with UEs, such as vehicles, via V2N, which are necessary for the applications. The V2N application server 500 manages UE information, collects data necessary for autonomous driving and platooning from the UE, and performs driving management, driving control, and the like.

[0052] The Near-RT RIC 100 is a logic function that controls and optimizes the RAN in near real time. The Near-RT RIC 100 controls the RAN in a short control period, for example, of 10 ms (milliseconds; the same applies hereinafter) or more and less than 1 s (seconds; the same applies hereinafter). The Near-RT RIC 100 collects and analyzes radio quality information from an E2 node including either or both of the O-DU 300 and the O-CU 400 via the E2 interface, and controls the E2 node according to the radio quality information. For example, the Near-RT RIC 100 controls the E2 node by setting handover parameters, RAN parameters, etc. in the E2 node. The Near-RT RIC 100 includes a machine learning model, which is a trained model, and may analyze radio quality information and determine RAN control using the machine learning model. Other models having similar functions may also be used, not limited to machine learning models.

[0053] For example, the Near-RT RIC 100 performs control according to wireless quality information in accordance with a control policy acquired from the Non-RT RIC 200 via the A1 interface. The control policy is a policy related to RAN control, such as the A1 policy. The A1 policy is guidance used for RAN optimization defined in the A1 interface. The Near-RT RIC 100 is located in the same location as either or both of the O-DU 300 and the O-CU 400, or in a location close to either or both of the O-DU 300 and the O-CU 400. For example, the Near-RT RIC 100 may be implemented in the same edge virtual machine as either or both of the O-DU 300 and the O-CU 400.

[0054] Some functions of the Near-RT RIC 100 are realized by xApp (Near-RT RIC Application). xApp includes applications that analyze wireless quality information and control the RAN. xApp includes an inference model that performs inference required for the application functions. For example, xApp includes a control inference model, which is a trained control model, and analyzes inference data including wireless quality information and controls the RAN using the control inference model.

[0055] The Non-RT RIC 200 is a logic function that controls and optimizes the RAN in non-real time. The Non-RT RIC 200 controls the RAN with a long control period of, for example, 1 second or more. The Non-RT RIC 200 manages control policies, manages the operation of the E2 nodes including the O-DU 300 and O-CU 400 and the Near-RT RIC 100, and performs learning (generation) and updating of machine learning models and other models.

[0056] For example, the Non-RT RIC 200 generates a control policy and notifies the Near-RT RIC 100 of the generated control policy via the A1 interface. The Non-RT RIC 200 also manages and sets the configuration information (Configuration) of the E2 node based on data acquired from the E2 node and the Near-RT RIC 100 via the O1 interface. The Non-RT RIC 200 is located in an SMO (Service Management and Orchestration) that manages and orchestrates the RAN. The SMO is located in a location away from the E2 node including the O-DU 300 and O-CU 400 and the Near-RT RIC 100, for example, on the cloud. The Non-RT RIC 200 may include the functionality of the SMO.

[0057] Some functions of the Non-RT RIC 200 are realized by rApp (Non-RT RIC Application). rApp includes applications that generate control policies and manage the inference model of the Near-RT RIC 100. rApp includes a learning model that performs learning required for the application's functions. For example, rApp includes a control learning model, which is a control model for learning, and generates a control learning model that has learned RAN control using learning data acquired from the E2 node and the Near-RT RIC 100 via the O1 interface, and applies the generated trained control learning model to the xApp of the Near-RT RIC 100.

[0058] 5 shows an example configuration of each device in the RAN system 1 according to some embodiments. Note that this configuration is just an example, and other configurations may be used as long as the operations according to some embodiments are possible. For example, the Non-RT RIC 200 may include other configurations necessary to realize the functions of the Non-RT RIC, and the Near-RT RIC 100 may include other configurations necessary to realize the functions of the Near-RT RIC.

[0059] Furthermore, a portion of the configuration of the Non-RT RIC 200 may be arranged in the Near-RT RIC 100, or a portion of the configuration of the Near-RT RIC 100 may be arranged in the Non-RT RIC 200. For example, the handover optimization unit 130 and the handover timing calculation unit 131 of the Near-RT RIC 100 may be arranged in the Non-RT RIC 200.

[0060] 5, the V2N application server 500 includes a V2N data transmission unit 510. The V2N data transmission unit 510 transmits V2N data of the UE to the Non-RT RIC 200 via an arbitrary interface. The V2N data transmission unit 510 may transmit V2N data of the UE designated by the Non-RT RIC 200.

[0061] The V2N data includes communication requirements and context information of the UE. The communication requirements are QoS (Quality of Service) requirements for the UE application, and are requirements for the communication quality required by the application. For example, the communication quality is communication delay and throughput. The communication delay is an end-to-end (E2E) delay, for example, the delay until an RLC ACK returns. The communication quality may be the amount of retransmissions depending on BLER or residual BLER, the amount of PRB (Physical Resource Block) allocation, the number of transmission opportunities, etc. The V2N data transmission unit 510 may acquire the communication requirements set in the V2N application server 500, or may acquire the communication requirements from the UE.

[0062] The context information is context information of an application of the UE. For example, the context information is a movement trajectory, position, direction, speed, etc. of the UE. The V2N data transmission unit 510 may acquire the context information from the UE, or may infer the context information based on information acquired from the UE.

[0063] 5, the Near-RT RIC 100 includes a PM data collection unit 110, a V2N data collection unit 120, and a handover optimization unit 130. For example, the functions of the PM data collection unit 110, the V2N data collection unit 120, and the handover optimization unit 130 may be realized by xApp.

[0064] The PM data collection unit 110 collects PM (Performance Management) data from either or both of the O-DU 300 and the O-CU 400 via the E2 interface. The PM data is data related to RAN performance and includes radio quality information. The PM data collection unit 110 also functions as a radio quality information acquisition unit that acquires radio quality information. For example, the radio quality information may be RSRP, RSRQ, RSSI, SINR, CQI Distribution, etc. for each UE. The PM data may include communication quality information such as throughput and delay time for each UE, location information, etc. The PM data may include the number of active UEs and PRB utilization rate for each base station or cell. The PM data collection unit 110 may instruct either or both of the O-DU 300 and the O-CU 400 on the data to be collected and the period. The PM data collection unit 110 may receive an HO Failure from the O-CU 400 .

[0065] Furthermore, the PM data collection unit 110 may acquire UE radio quality information from the O-DU 300 or the O-CU 400, or may acquire UE radio quality information from the V2N application server 500 via the Non-RT RIC 200. For example, the V2N application server 500 may acquire radio quality from the UE on an application and notify the acquired UE radio quality. The PM data collection unit 110 may select either the radio quality information acquired from the O-DU 300 or the O-CU 400 or the radio quality information acquired from the V2N application server 500. For example, the PM data collection unit 110 may select the information with the highest accuracy.

[0066] The V2N data collection unit 120 collects V2N data from the non-RT RIC 200 via the A1 or O1 interface. The V2N data collection unit 120 receives V2N data transmitted from the V2N application server 500 via the non-RT RIC 200. The V2N data collection unit 120 also functions as an acquisition unit that acquires communication requirements and context information of the UE. The V2N data collection unit 120 may instruct the data to be collected and the period via the non-RT RIC 200. For example, if the V2N data collection unit 120 cannot acquire communication requirements from the V2N application server 500, it may infer the communication requirements based on information acquired from the O-DU 300 or the O-CU 400. For example, the UE's communication requirements may be inferred from the UE's inter-vehicle information and context information.

[0067] The handover optimization unit 130 optimizes the handover timing of the UE. The handover optimization unit 130 includes a handover timing calculation unit 131. The handover timing calculation unit 131 calculates the handover timing of the UE based on the PM data collected by the PM data collection unit 110 and the V2N data collected by the V2N data collection unit 120. The handover timing calculation unit 131 also functions as an adjustment unit that adjusts handover parameters that specify the handover timing of the UE. For example, the handover parameter may be an offset such as a CIO, or may be a hysteresis or the like that is not limited to an offset. The handover timing calculation unit 131 adjusts the handover parameters of the UE based on the UE's radio quality information included in the PM data and the UE's communication requirements included in the V2N data. The handover timing calculation unit 131 controls the handover executed by the O-CU 400 by transmitting handover parameters of the UE to the O-CU 400 via the E2 interface.

[0068] The handover timing calculation unit 131 includes a determination unit that determines whether the communication quality of the UE satisfies the communication requirements in order to adjust the handover parameters. The communication quality of the UE may be acquired as PM data from either or both of the O-DU 300 and the O-CU 400, or may be estimated based on acquired radio quality information of the UE. The handover timing calculation unit 131 may adjust the handover parameters of the UE when it is determined that the communication quality does not satisfy the communication requirements at the time of handover of the UE. When an HO Failure is received from the O-CU 400, the handover timing calculation unit 131 may adjust the handover parameters based on the cause of the HO Failure.

[0069] The handover timing calculation unit 131 may adjust handover parameters of other UEs in the same cell as the UE based on the radio quality information of the UE and the communication requirements of the UE. When it is determined that the communication quality does not satisfy the communication requirements at the time of handover of the UE, the handover timing calculation unit 131 may adjust handover parameters of other UEs in the same cell as the UE. That is, the handover parameters for the UE may be adjusted, or the handover parameters for the cell may be adjusted.

[0070] The functions of the handover optimization unit 130 including the handover timing calculation unit 131 may be realized by a trained handover optimization model. The handover optimization model is a model that infers optimal handover timing based on the UE's communication requirements, radio quality information, the state of non-achievement of communication requirements at the time of UE handover, and the occurrence state of HO Failure. The handover optimization model may infer handover parameters that specify the handover timing. The handover optimization model may be a convolutional neural network (CNN), a recurrent neural network (RNN), a long-short term model (LSTM), or other neural networks. The handover optimization model is not limited to a neural network, and may be other machine learning models. The handover optimization model is configured by a learning model trained and generated by the Non-RT RIC 200. The handover optimization unit 130 transmits information required for learning in the non-RT RIC 200 to the non-RT RIC 200 .

[0071] 5, non-RT RIC 200 includes PM data collection unit 210, V2N data collection unit 220, database 230, and handover optimization learning unit 240. For example, the functions of V2N data collection unit 220 and handover optimization learning unit 240 may be realized by rApp. PM data collection unit 210 and database 230 may be arranged in the SMO, not limited to non-RT RIC 200.

[0072] The PM data collection unit 210 collects PM data via the O1 interface from either or both of the O-DU 300 and the O-CU 400. The PM data collection unit 210 may instruct either or both of the O-DU 300 and the O-CU 400 on the data to be collected and the period of collection.

[0073] The V2N data collection unit 220 collects V2N data from the V2N application server 500 via any interface. The V2N data collection unit 220 may instruct the V2N application server 500 on the data to be collected and the collection period. The V2N data collection unit 220 transmits the collected V2N data to the Near-RT RIC 100 via the A1 or O1 interface.

[0074] The database 230 stores the PM data collected by the PM data collection unit 210 and the V2N data collected by the V2N data collection unit 220. For example, the stored PM data and V2N data are used as learning data by the handover optimization learning unit 240.

[0075] The handover optimization learning unit 240 performs a learning process for the handover optimization model. The handover optimization learning unit 240 causes the handover optimization model to learn using data stored in the database and information acquired from the Near-RT RIC 100 as learning data. The handover optimization learning unit 240 transmits the learned handover optimization model to the handover optimization unit 130 of the Near-RT RIC 100.

[0076] 6 shows an example of operation in the RAN system 1 according to some embodiments. For example, the Near-RT RIC 100 executes S101 to S104 and S106, and the Non-RT RIC 200 executes S107 to S108, but this is not limitative. Each process in FIG. 6 may be executed by either the Near-RT RIC 100 or the Non-RT RIC 200.

[0077] 6 , first, the Near-RT RIC 100 acquires communication requirements and context information of the UE from the V2N application server 500 (S101). For example, the V2N data transmission unit 510 of the V2N application server 500 transmits the communication requirements and context information of the UE to the Non-RT RIC 200 in response to a request from the Non-RT RIC 200. The V2N application server 500 may acquire the communication requirements and context information of the UE from the UE and transmit the acquired information to the Non-RT RIC 200.

[0078] The V2N data collection unit 220 of the Non-RT RIC 200 acquires communication requirements and context information of the UE from the V2N application server 500, and transmits the acquired communication requirements and context information of the UE to the Near-RT RIC 100. The V2N data collection unit 120 of the Near-RT RIC 100 acquires communication requirements and context information of the UE from the Non-RT RIC 200. For example, the V2N data collection unit 120 may request communication requirements and context information of a UE present in the range of a cell of a base station constituted by the O-DU 300 and the O-CU 400, and acquire the communication requirements and context information of the corresponding UE from the V2N application server 500 via the Non-RT RIC 200. Note that the Non-RT RIC 200 or the Near-RT RIC 100 may infer the context information of the UE based on information acquired from the O-DU 300 or the O-CU 400.

[0079] Next, the Near-RT RIC 100 acquires UE radio quality information from either or both of the O-DU 300 and the O-CU 400 (S102). For example, the PM data collection unit 110 designates the UE whose communication requirements were acquired in S101, requests radio quality information, and acquires the radio quality information of the corresponding UE. The acquired UE radio quality information may include the radio qualities of the serving cell and neighboring cells measured by the UE. Furthermore, when an HO Failure is transmitted from the O-CU 400, the PM data collection unit 110 may acquire the HO Failure together with the cause.

[0080] Next, the Near-RT RIC 100 adjusts the UE handover parameters according to the UE's communication requirements (S103). For example, the handover timing calculation unit 131 adjusts the offset, which is the UE's handover parameter, based on the UE's communication requirements acquired from the V2N application server 500 and the UE's radio quality information acquired from either or both of the O-DU 300 and the O-CU 400. The handover timing calculation unit 131 may adjust the UE handover parameters based on the UE's communication requirements, the radio quality information, the status of the UE's communication requirements not being met at the time of handover, and the occurrence status of an HO Failure.

[0081] Next, the Near-RT RIC 100 transmits the UE handover parameters to the O-CU 400 (S104), and the O-CU 400 executes the UE handover (S105). For example, the handover timing calculation unit 131 adjusts the offset, which is the UE handover parameter, and transmits the adjusted offset to the O-CU 400 of the cell in which the UE is located. The O-CU 400 uses the UE offset received from the Near-RT RIC 100 to determine the start of the corresponding UE handover and executes the UE handover at the determined timing. Note that, as will be described later, the handover parameter adjustment also uses the results of the handover execution. Therefore, the Near-RT RIC 100 may further repeat S102 to S105 after executing the handover to adjust the UE handover parameters.

[0082] In S106 to S108, the Non-RT RIC 200 learns the handover optimization model. S106 to S108 may be performed in parallel with S101 to S105. First, the Near-RT RIC 100 transmits information necessary for learning the handover optimization model to the Non-RT RIC 200 (S106). For example, the handover optimization unit 130 transmits to the Non-RT RIC 200 the UE's communication requirements and radio quality information used to adjust the handover parameters, the adjusted handover parameters, and the like.

[0083] Next, the Non-RT RIC 200 updates the handover optimization model (S107). For example, the handover optimization learning unit 240 uses the information received from the Near-RT RIC 100 as learning data and causes the handover optimization model to learn the information.

[0084] Next, the Non-RT RIC 200 transmits the updated handover optimization model to the Non-RT RIC 100 (S108). For example, the handover optimization learning unit 240 transmits the learned handover optimization model to the Near-RT RIC 100. The handover optimization unit 130 of the Near-RT RIC 100 applies the learned handover optimization model received from the Non-RT RIC 200 to the handover optimization model of the Near-RT RIC 100.

[0085] Figure 7 shows a specific example of handover according to some embodiments. Figure 7 shows an example in which a UE moves between cells provided by two base stations and performs a handover. As shown in Figure 7, base station BS1 and base station BS2 are adjacent to each other, and a cell C1 of base station BS1 and a cell C2 of base station BS2 partially overlap. For example, base stations BS1 and BS2 are each configured with an O-RU, an O-DU 300, and an O-CU 400.

[0086] In the example of Fig. 7, a UE, which is a vehicle, moves from cell C1 to cell C2 and switches the cell to which the UE is connected from C1 to C2. In this case, base station BS1 and cell C1 are the source base station and source cell, and base station BS2 and cell C2 are the target base station and target cell.

[0087] Fig. 8A shows the change in radio quality depending on the moving time of a UE when the UE moves from a source cell to a target cell. In the example of Fig. 8A, the radio quality is RSRP or RSRQ. Fig. 8B shows the occurrence probability of each event at the handover timing corresponding to each time in Fig. 8A.

[0088] As shown in Figure 8A, as the UE moves, the radio quality of the source cell deteriorates and the radio quality of the target cell improves. The base station initiates handover when the radio quality of the source cell and the radio quality of the target cell measured by the UE satisfy handover conditions. The timing at which the handover conditions are satisfied and the handover is initiated is the handover timing. For example, when the source base station determines that the handover conditions are satisfied, it transmits a handover request to the target base station. Note that the handover conditions may be conditions for the UE to transmit a radio quality measurement report.

[0089] For example, the handover condition is that the difference between the radio quality of the source cell and the radio quality of the target cell exceeds a predetermined offset. The offset is a handover parameter for determining handover timing. In FIG. 8A, the offset is an offset relative to the radio quality of the source cell, but it may also be an offset relative to the radio quality of the target cell. The offset relative to the radio quality of the source cell is also called an a3-offset, and the offset relative to the radio quality of the target cell is also called a cell individual offset (CIO). For example, the CIO can be set to a different offset value for each neighboring cell.

[0090] For example, at time T0, if the difference between the wireless quality of the source cell and the wireless quality of the target cell exceeds the offset, it is determined that it is time for handover, and handover is initiated.

[0091] As shown in Figure 8B, HO Failure due to Too Early or Too Late occurs depending on the handover timing. For example, when the handover timing is time T1, the handover is started too early, so HO Failure due to Too Early occurs. That is, when the UE connection is switched from the source cell to the target cell at time T1, the radio quality of the target cell is poor, so a radio link failure occurs between the target cell and the UE.

[0092] Furthermore, if the handover timing is time T4, the handover is initiated too late, resulting in a Too Late HO Failure. That is, if the UE remains connected to the source cell at time T4, interference from the target cell will cause a radio link failure between the source cell and the UE.

[0093] By adjusting the offset, which is a handover parameter, the handover timing can be shifted forward or backward, thereby reducing the occurrence of HO Failure due to Too Early or Too Late. For example, by increasing the offset, the handover timing can be delayed, and by decreasing the offset, the handover timing can be advanced.

[0094] However, if the offset, which is a handover parameter, is determined by considering only the occurrence of HO Failure, the handover timing is not necessarily optimal for achieving the communication requirements. For example, as shown in Fig. 8A, at time AR1 immediately before T0 and time AR2 immediately after T0, HO Failure is unlikely to occur, but there is a possibility that the communication requirements will not be achieved.

[0095] 8B , for example, when the handover timing is time T2, the probability of a HO Failure due to "Too Early" occurring is low, but the probability of communication requirements not being met is high. That is, when the UE connection is switched from the source cell to the target cell at time T2, no radio link failure occurs, but the radio quality is insufficient, so there is a possibility that communication requirements will not be met in the target cell.

[0096] Furthermore, when the handover timing is time T3, the probability of a HO Failure due to Too Late occurring is low, but the probability of communication requirements not being met is high. That is, if the UE remains connected to the source cell at time T3, no radio link failure occurs, but there is a possibility that communication requirements will not be met in the source cell due to interference from the target cell.

[0097] Therefore, in this embodiment, handover parameters are adjusted depending on the state of communication requirements not being met. For example, if the communication requirements are not met in many cases in the source cell (such as at time T3), the handover timing is advanced, and if the communication requirements are not met in many cases in the target cell (such as at time T2), the handover timing is delayed.

[0098] Fig. 9 shows an example of handover parameter adjustment according to some embodiments. Fig. 9 is a specific example of the handover parameter adjustment process executed by the handover timing calculation unit 131 in S103 of Fig. 6. For example, the handover timing calculation unit 131 determines the handover timing conditions as shown in Fig. 9 and adjusts the offset according to the determination result.

[0099] 9, the handover timing calculation unit 131 adjusts the offset according to the handover timing conditions. If the handover timing is early, the offset is increased from the current value to delay the handover timing.

[0100] Specifically, when the handover timing is early and a Too Early HO Failure occurs, as in adjustment example ex1, the handover timing calculation unit 131 increases the offset by α from the current value. For example, when a Too Early HO Failure is received from O-CU 400 after the UE has performed handover, the handover timing calculation unit 131 adds α to the offset of the UE.

[0101] As in adjustment example ex2, if the handover timing is early and the communication requirements in the target cell are not met, the handover timing calculation unit 131 increases the offset by β from the current value. β is a value smaller than α. The value of β may be changed depending on the difference between the communication requirements and the communication quality, etc. For example, immediately after receiving a notification of the completion of the UE handover from the O-CU 400, if the communication quality of the UE's target cell does not meet the communication requirements, for example, within a predetermined period of time, the handover timing calculation unit 131 adds β to the UE's offset.

[0102] Furthermore, if the handover timing is late, the handover timing calculation unit 131 advances the handover timing by lowering the offset from the current value.

[0103] Specifically, when the handover timing is late and a Too Late HO Failure occurs, as in adjustment example ex3, the handover timing calculation unit 131 reduces the offset by α from the current value. For example, when a Too Late HO Failure is received from O-CU 400 after the UE has performed handover, the handover timing calculation unit 131 subtracts α from the UE's offset.

[0104] As in adjustment example ex4, when the handover timing is late and the communication requirements are not met in the source cell, the handover timing calculation unit 131 reduces the offset by β from the current value. As in adjustment example ex2, β is a value smaller than α. The value of β may be changed depending on the difference between the communication requirements and the communication quality, etc. For example, if the communication quality of the UE's source cell does not meet the communication requirements immediately before the start of handover of the UE, for example, during a predetermined period, the handover timing calculation unit 131 subtracts β from the UE's offset. In this case, handover occurs after the communication requirements are not met.

[0105] As described above, in this embodiment, the handover parameters of the UE are adjusted based on the communication requirements of the UE. For example, the handover parameters are adjusted for each UE when the communication requirements are not met immediately before or after the handover timing. This allows handover to be performed at the optimal timing for each UE. For example, in V2N communications such as autonomous driving and platooning, even in situations where the UE moves at high speed on a highway or the like and frequently performs handovers, it is possible to prevent communication requirements from being not met due to handover and maintain application performance.

[0106] (Embodiment 3) Next, a description will be given of embodiment 3. In this embodiment, an example will be described in which not only handover parameters of a UE but also RAN parameters are determined.

[0107] Fig. 10 shows an example of the configuration of each device in a RAN system 1 according to some embodiments. In the example of Fig. 10, compared to the configuration of Fig. 5, the Near-RT RIC 100 further includes a RAN parameter control unit 140. The other configurations are the same as those of Fig. 5.

[0108] The RAN parameter control unit 140 controls the RAN parameters of the RAN including the O-DU 300 and the O-CU 400. The RAN parameters are parameters for each UE. For example, the RAN parameters may be a target BLER, a delay budget, a MAC scheduler-related parameter, a 5QI (5G QoS Identifier), a QCI (QoS Class Identifier), a Slice ID, etc. The delay budget is a parameter that adjusts transmission opportunities. The MAC scheduler-related parameters are MCS (Modulation and Coding Schemes), a PRB allocation amount, a PF (Proportional Fair) scheduler metric, etc. The RAN parameter control unit 140 controls the RAN parameters to be set in either or both of the O-DU 300 and the O-CU 400 based on data acquired from either or both of the O-DU 300 and the O-CU 400. Furthermore, the RAN parameter control unit 140 adjusts the RAN parameters of the UE based on the handover parameters of the UE determined by the handover timing calculation unit 131 .

[0109] Fig. 11 shows an example of operation in the RAN system 1 according to some embodiments. S110 and S111 are different from the operation in Fig. 6. The rest is the same as Fig. 6.

[0110] 11, similar to the example of FIG. 6, the Near-RT RIC 100 acquires UE communication requirements and context information from the V2N application server 500 (S101), and acquires UE radio quality information from either or both of the O-DU 300 and the O-CU 400 (S102). Next, the Near-RT RIC 100 adjusts UE handover parameters according to the UE communication requirements (S103). For example, the handover timing calculation unit 131 adjusts the offset, which is a UE handover parameter, similar to the second embodiment.

[0111] Next, the Near-RT RIC 100 adjusts the RAN parameters of the UE in accordance with the handover parameters of the UE (S110). For example, the RAN parameter control unit 140 adjusts the RAN parameters of the UE based on the handover parameters of the UE adjusted by the handover timing calculation unit 131.

[0112] Next, the Near-RT RIC 100 transmits the UE's handover parameters to the O-CU 400 (S104), transmits the UE's RAN parameters to either or both of the O-DU 300 and the O-CU 400 (S111), and the O-CU 400 executes the UE's handover (S105). For example, the RAN parameter control unit 140 transmits the adjusted UE's RAN parameters to either or both of the O-DU 300 and the O-CU 400. The transmission of the RAN parameters may be performed before or simultaneously with the transmission of the handover parameters. Steps S106 to S108 are the same as those in FIG. 6.

[0113] Figure 12 shows an example of RAN parameter adjustment according to some embodiments. Figure 12 is a specific example of the RAN parameter adjustment process executed by RAN parameter control unit 140 in S110 of Figure 11. For example, RAN parameter control unit 140 determines an offset, which is a handover parameter, as shown in Figure 12, and adjusts the RAN parameter according to the determination result.

[0114] For example, as shown in Fig. 9, the handover timing calculation unit 131 adjusts the offset according to the handover timing conditions, and therefore may increase the offset if the handover timing is early. Furthermore, the offset may be set large to prevent the occurrence of ping-pong handover. In the example of Fig. 12, the RAN parameter control unit 140 adjusts the RAN parameters when the handover timing calculation unit 131 sets the offset to be larger than a predetermined value. The RAN parameters include, for example, target BLE, radio resource allocation ratio, MIMO multiplicity, and other parameters that suppress degradation of communication quality.

[0115] For example, if a large offset is set to prevent ping-pong handover, side effects such as radio wave interference and reduced received power may result in a decrease in communication quality, such as delay and throughput. Therefore, as in adjustment example ex12, when the offset is larger than a predetermined value, the target BLER is lowered to increase resistance to radio wave interference as a side effect. This allows the MCS to be set lower relative to the CQI (Channel Quality Indicator) value, preventing ping-pong handover and stabilizing communication quality even if radio wave interference occurs. As the offset increases, the target BLER may be further lowered. Note that, as in adjustment example ex11, when the offset is smaller than a predetermined value, the target BLER may be increased.

[0116] As in adjustment example ex13, when the offset is larger than a predetermined value, the radio resource allocation ratio (PRB Ratio) is increased and set to a larger value in order to increase tolerance to a decrease in received power as a side effect. The radio resource allocation ratio is a coefficient equivalent to the ratio (weight) at which radio resources (PRB) are allocated between users sharing a cell. By increasing the radio resource allocation ratio and allocating more radio resources, ping-pong handovers are prevented and communication quality is stabilized even when received power decreases. As the offset increases, the radio resource allocation ratio may be further increased. As in adjustment example ex11, when the offset is smaller than a predetermined value, the radio resource allocation ratio may be decreased.

[0117] As in adjustment example ex14, when the offset is greater than a predetermined value, the MIMO multiplicity (spatial multiplicity) is reduced to increase resistance to radio wave interference / received power reduction as a side effect. Note that MIMO multiplicity is the spatial multiplicity when signals are spatially multiplexed and transmitted using multiple transmit / receive antennas in MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output). This improves the radio wave quality of the local communication, preventing ping-pong handover and stabilizing communication quality even when radio wave interference / received power reduction occurs. As the offset increases, the MIMO multiplicity may be further reduced. Note that, as in adjustment example ex11, when the offset is smaller than a predetermined value, the MIMO multiplicity may be increased.

[0118] As described above, not only the handover parameters of the UE but also the RAN parameters of the UE may be determined. For example, when the offset, which is the handover parameter of the UE, is set to a large value, the RAN parameters of the UE are adjusted to increase the tolerance to deterioration of communication quality. As a result, even when there is a possibility that the communication quality may deteriorate depending on the offset, the deterioration of communication quality can be suppressed by adjusting the RAN parameters.

[0119] (Fourth Embodiment) Next, a fourth embodiment will be described. In this embodiment, an example will be described in which handover parameters of a UE are determined based on RAN parameters, not limited to communication requirements of the UE.

[0120] Fig. 13 shows an example configuration of each device in a RAN system 1 according to some embodiments. In the example of Fig. 13, compared to the configuration of Fig. 5, the Near-RT RIC 100 further includes a RAN parameter acquisition unit 141. The other configurations are the same as those of Fig. 5. Also, compared to the configuration of Fig. 10, it can be said that the Near-RT RIC 100 includes a RAN parameter acquisition unit 141 instead of the RAN parameter control unit 140.

[0121] The RAN parameter acquisition unit 141 acquires RAN parameters from either or both of the O-DU 300 and the O-CU 400 via the E2 interface. The RAN parameters are the same as those in embodiment 3. Note that, as in FIG. 10 , if the Near-RT RIC 100 is equipped with a RAN parameter control unit that controls the RAN parameters, the RAN parameter acquisition unit 141 may acquire the RAN parameters from the RAN parameter control unit.

[0122] Fig. 14 shows an example of operation in the RAN system 1 according to some embodiments. S201 and S202 are different from the operation in Fig. 6, while the rest is the same as Fig. 6.

[0123] In the example of FIG. 14, similar to FIG. 6, the Near-RT RIC 100 acquires communication requirements and context information of the UE from the V2N application server 500 (S101), and acquires radio quality information of the UE from either or both of the O-DU 300 and the O-CU 400 (S102).

[0124] Next, the Near-RT RIC 100 acquires the RAN parameters of the UE from the O-DU 300 (S201). For example, the RAN parameter acquisition unit 141 designates the UE for which the radio quality information was acquired in S102, requests the RAN parameters, and acquires the RAN parameters of the corresponding UE.

[0125] Next, the Near-RT RIC 100 adjusts the UE handover parameters according to the UE's communication requirements and RAN parameters (S202). The Near-RT RIC 100 may adjust the UE's handover parameters according to the RAN parameters. For example, the handover timing calculation unit 131 adjusts the offset, which is the UE's handover parameter, based on the UE's communication requirements acquired from the V2N application server 500 and the UE's radio quality information acquired from either or both of the O-DU 300 and the O-CU 400, and also adjusts the offset, which is the UE's handover parameter, based on the UE's RAN parameters acquired from either or both of the O-DU 300 and the O-CU 400.

[0126] 6, the Near-RT RIC 100 then transmits the handover parameters of the UE to the O-CU 400 (S104), and the O-CU 400 executes the handover of the UE (S105). S106 to S108 are the same as in FIG.

[0127] FIG. 15 illustrates a specific example of handover according to some embodiments. FIG. 15 illustrates an example in which a UE repeatedly moves between the cells of three base stations and performs a handover. As illustrated in FIG. 15, base stations BS1 and BS2 are adjacent to each other, with a cell C1 of base station BS1 partially overlapping a cell C2 of base station BS2. Base stations BS3 and BS3 are adjacent to each other, with a cell C2 of base station BS2 partially overlapping a cell C3 of base station BS3. Base stations BS3 and BS1 are adjacent to each other, with a cell C3 of base station BS3 partially overlapping a cell C1 of base station BS1. In the example of FIG. 15, a UE, which is a vehicle, repeatedly moves between cells C1, C2, and C3 in this order, switching the cell to which the UE is connected in the order C1, C2, and C3.

[0128] FIG. 16 shows the change in radio wave strength depending on the location of a UE when the UE moves through cells C1, C2, and C3 in that order. In the example of FIG. 16, as the UE moves, the radio wave strength of cell C1 decreases and the radio wave strength of cell C2 increases. As shown in FIG. 16, the radio wave strength of the UE fluctuates significantly as the UE moves. Therefore, if the offset determining the handover timing is small, this can cause ping-pong handover, in which handovers are repeated between two base stations. For example, as shown in FIG. 16(a), even if a handover is performed to cell C2 when the radio wave strength of cell C2 momentarily increases, if the radio wave strength of cell C2 deteriorates immediately thereafter, the handover will be to cell C1, and handovers will be repeated between cell C1 and cell C2. Therefore, to prevent ping-pong handover, it is necessary to increase the offset. However, increasing the offset can increase the delay.

[0129] Figure 17 shows the distribution of delay according to travel time when a UE moves from cell C1 to cell C2 to cell C3 in this order when offset = 0, and Figure 18 shows the distribution of delay according to travel time when a UE moves from cell C1 to cell C2 to cell C3 in this order when offset = 10. In Figures 17 and 18, the delay is RTT (Round Trip Time).

[0130] As can be seen by comparing Figures 17 and 18, as the offset increases from 0 to 10, the handover timing becomes later, and a large delay occurs before the handover timing. This is because the delayed handover timing causes interference from the target cell, which deteriorates wireless quality and causes a retransmission delay. In this way, a large offset makes the system more susceptible to interference and increases the retransmission delay.

[0131] On the other hand, retransmission delay can be suppressed by RAN parameters. For example, when the target BLER is low, the MCS is set low relative to the CQI value, so that retransmission delay can be suppressed. Therefore, in this embodiment, handover parameters are adjusted according to the set RAN parameters.

[0132] Fig. 19 shows an example of handover parameter adjustment according to some embodiments. Fig. 19 is a specific example of the handover parameter adjustment process executed by the handover timing calculation unit 131 in S202 of Fig. 14. For example, the handover timing calculation unit 131 determines a target BLER, which is a RAN parameter, as shown in Fig. 19, and adjusts an offset, which is a handover parameter, in accordance with the determination result.

[0133] For example, as in adjustment example ex22, if the target BLER is lower than a predetermined value, the offset is increased. This makes it possible to stabilize handover while suppressing retransmission delays. As the target BLER decreases, the offset may be further increased. Note that, as in adjustment example ex21, if the target BLER is higher than a predetermined value, the offset may be decreased.

[0134] Fig. 20 shows an example of handover parameter adjustment according to some embodiments. Fig. 20 is a specific example of the handover parameter adjustment process executed by the handover timing calculation unit 131 in S202 of Fig. 14. Fig. 20 is an example that combines the adjustment example of Fig. 9 and the adjustment example of Fig. 19. In the example of Fig. 20, the handover timing calculation unit 131 determines the handover timing conditions and RAN parameters, and adjusts the offset according to the determination result.

[0135] 20, when the target BLER is low as a RAN parameter, the handover timing calculation unit 131 further adds γ to the offset. γ may be the same as β or may be a different value.

[0136] For example, as in adjustment example ex1-1, when the handover timing is early, a HO Failure due to Too Early occurs, and the target BLER is lower than a predetermined value, the handover timing calculation unit 131 increases the offset by (α + γ) from the current value.

[0137] As in adjustment example ex2-1, when the handover timing is early, the communication requirements are not met in the target cell, and the target BLER is lower than a predetermined value, the handover timing calculation unit 131 increases the offset by (β + γ) from the current value.

[0138] As in adjustment example ex3-1, when the handover timing is late, a HO Failure due to Too Late occurs, and the target BLER is higher than a predetermined value, the handover timing calculation unit 131 reduces the offset by (α + γ) from the current value.

[0139] In the case where the handover timing is late and the communication requirements are not met in the source cell, as in adjustment example ex4-1, and the target BLER is higher than a predetermined value, the handover timing calculation unit 131 reduces the offset by (β + γ) from the current value.

[0140] As described above, the handover parameters of the UE may be determined based on the RAN parameters, not limited to the communication requirements of the UE. For example, by adjusting the handover parameters of the UE according to the RAN parameters such as the target BLER, the handover can be performed at a more appropriate timing.

[0141] (Embodiment 5) Next, a description will be given of embodiment 5. In this embodiment, an example will be described in which UEs are grouped based on the communication requirements of the UEs, and handover parameters of the UEs are determined based on the grouping results.

[0142] Fig. 21 shows an example of the configuration of each device in a RAN system 1 according to some embodiments. In the example of Fig. 21, compared to the configuration of Fig. 5, the handover optimization unit 130 of the Near-RT RIC 100 further includes a UE grouping unit 132. The other configurations are the same as those in Fig. 5.

[0143] The UE grouping unit 132 groups UEs based on the communication requirements of the UEs. The UE grouping unit 132 groups the UEs into groups for each communication requirement. Handover parameters are set for each group for each communication requirement, and the handover timing calculation unit 131 determines the handover parameters set for the group to which the UE belongs as the handover parameters for the UE.

[0144] 22 illustrates an example of handover parameter adjustment operation according to some embodiments, which corresponds to the handover parameter adjustment process including, for example, steps S103 to S105 in FIG.

[0145] 22, the UE grouping unit 132 groups UEs based on their communication requirements (S301). For example, the UE grouping unit 132 generates groups for each predetermined range of throughput or delay, and allocates UEs to the groups based on the throughput or delay of the UEs. Predetermined handover parameters are set for each group.

[0146] Next, when handing over the UE, the handover timing calculation unit 131 acquires handover parameters of the group to which the UE belongs (S302). The handover timing calculation unit 131 determines the group to which the UE belongs based on the UE's communication requirements, and acquires handover parameters such as an offset corresponding to the determined group. The handover timing calculation unit 131 transmits the acquired handover parameters to the O-CU 400 as the UE's handover parameters.

[0147] Next, the O-CU 400 executes handover of the UE (S303). The O-CU 400 uses the received handover parameters of the UE to determine when to start handover of the corresponding UE, and executes handover of the UE at the determined timing.

[0148] Next, the handover timing calculation unit 131 adjusts the handover parameters of the group to which the UE belonged (S304). The method of adjusting the handover parameters may be the same as that shown in FIG. 9. For example, as in adjustment example ex2 of FIG. 9, if the handover timing is early and the communication requirements are not met in the target cell, the handover timing calculation unit 131 increases the offset of the group to which the UE belonged by β from the current value. Also, as in adjustment example ex4, if the handover timing is late and the communication requirements are not met in the target cell, the handover timing calculation unit 131 decreases the offset of the group to which the UE belonged by β from the current value. Thereafter, when a UE in the corresponding group performs a handover, the handover is performed using the updated parameters.

[0149] As described above, UEs may be grouped according to their communication requirements, and handover parameters for the UEs may be determined based on the grouping results. For example, adjusting the offset for each cell-UE combination may not be optimal when the UE is in the cell for the first time or when the UE is in the cell infrequently. Furthermore, the optimal offset may differ for each communication requirement. For example, throughput is easily affected by congestion, while delay is easily affected by radio wave fluctuations. Therefore, the offset for the RSRQ, which reflects radio wave strength and congestion, differs between cases where throughput is a requirement and cases where delay is a requirement. Therefore, by grouping UEs according to their communication requirements and determining the handover parameters for the UEs based on the group, the handover parameters can be determined appropriately.

[0150] (Embodiment 6) Next, a description will be given of embodiment 6. In this embodiment, an example will be described in which UEs are grouped based on RAN parameters, not limited to communication requirements, and handover parameters are determined based on the grouping results.

[0151] Fig. 23 shows an example of the configuration of each device in a RAN system 1 according to some embodiments. In the example of Fig. 23, compared to the configuration of Fig. 13, the handover optimization unit 130 of the Near-RT RIC 100 further includes a UE grouping unit 132. The other configurations are the same as those in Fig. 13.

[0152] The UE grouping unit 132 groups UEs based on the UE communication requirements and the UE RAN parameters. The UE grouping unit 132 groups UEs into groups for each combination of the UE communication requirements and the UE RAN parameters. Handover parameters are set for each group for each communication requirement and RAN parameter, and the handover timing calculation unit 131 determines the handover parameters set for the group to which the UE belongs as the handover parameters for the UE.

[0153] Figure 24 shows an example of the operation of handover parameter adjustment according to some embodiments. Figure 24 corresponds to the handover parameter adjustment process including, for example, S202 and S104 to S105 in Figure 14. Also, S302 to S304 are the same as those in Figure 22.

[0154] In the example of Fig. 24, the UE grouping unit 132 groups UEs based on the UE's communication requirements and RAN parameters (S311). The UE grouping unit 132 may group UEs based on the UE's RAN parameters. For example, the UE grouping unit 132 may generate groups for each predetermined range of target BLER or delay budget, and allocate UEs to the groups based on the UE's target BLER or delay budget. For example, UEs with a target BLER of 0.1 to 0.01 may be grouped as Group A, and UEs with a target BLER of 0.01 to 0.001 may be grouped as Group B. UEs may also be grouped by 5QI or Slice ID. The UE grouping unit 132 may generate groups for each combination of a predetermined range of communication requirements and a predetermined range of RAN parameters, and may allocate UEs to the groups based on the UE's communication requirements and RAN parameters. Predetermined handover parameters are set for each group.

[0155] Next, when handing over the UE, the handover timing calculation unit 131 acquires handover parameters of the group to which the UE belongs (S302). The handover timing calculation unit 131 determines the group to which the UE belongs based on the UE's communication requirements and RAN parameters, and acquires handover parameters such as an offset corresponding to the determined group. The handover timing calculation unit 131 transmits the acquired handover parameters to the O-CU 400 as the UE's handover parameters. The O-CU 400 executes the UE's handover using the received UE's handover parameters (S303).

[0156] Next, the handover timing calculation unit 131 adjusts the handover parameters of the group to which the UE belonged (S304). The method of adjusting the handover parameters may be the same as that shown in FIG. 19 or FIG. 20. For example, as in adjustment example ex2-1 of FIG. 20, if the handover timing is early, the communication requirements are not met in the target cell, and the target BLER is lower than a predetermined value, the handover timing calculation unit 131 increases the offset of the group to which the UE belongs by (β + γ) from the current value. Also, as in adjustment example ex4-1, if the handover timing is late, the communication requirements are not met in the source cell, and the target BLER is lower than a predetermined value, the handover timing calculation unit 131 decreases the offset of the group to which the UE belongs by (β + γ) from the current value. Thereafter, when a UE in the corresponding group performs a handover, the handover is performed using the updated parameters.

[0157] As described above, UEs may be grouped based on RAN parameters rather than communication requirements, and handover parameters may be determined based on the grouping results. For example, since the trends in throughput, delay, etc. differ for each RAN parameter, offsets cannot be optimized even if data from UEs with different RAN parameters is used. For this reason, UEs may be grouped based on their communication requirements and RAN parameters, and handover parameters for the UEs may be determined based on the group, thereby enabling appropriate handover parameters to be determined.

[0158] In addition, UEs may be grouped using information collected from the RAN, not limited to RAN parameters. For example, since throughput and delay tendencies vary depending on the number of active terminals and PRB utilization rate, handover parameters may be adjusted according to the number of active terminals. This allows for highly accurate adjustment.

[0159] Other Embodiments The present disclosure is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and can be modified as appropriate within the scope of the present disclosure.

[0160] For example, since the occurrence rate of communication requirement non-achievement varies depending on the status of the source cell and the target cell, handover parameters may be determined not only according to the communication requirements and RAN parameters but also according to the status of the source cell and the target cell. For example, the Near-RT RIC may acquire the number of active UEs and PRB utilization rate of the source cell and the target cell from the O-DU or O-CU and determine the handover parameters. Furthermore, the Near-RT RIC may acquire not only the radio quality information of the UE but also the radio quality information of the neighboring cell and adjust the offset. For example, if the neighboring cell is congested, the offset may be increased to make handover less likely to occur.

[0161] The handover performed in the above embodiment may be an inter-frequency handover or an intra-frequency handover. It may also be applied to a general handover sequence or a conditional handover. As in the above embodiment, the adjusted handover parameters may be set from the Near-RT RIC to the O-CU, and the O-CU may execute a conditional handover. In this case, the timing of the Handover Request may be determined based on the adjusted handover parameters, or the adjusted handover parameters may be notified to the UE.

[0162] FIG. 25 shows a specific example of beam switching in beam management. In the example of FIG. 25, a base station BS forms beams B1 to B3, and a UE connects to the base station BS using one of beams B1 to B3. In beam management, communication is continued while switching beams, mainly at high frequencies. Similar to cell switching during handover, beam switching involves monitoring the radio wave quality of each beam and sequentially switching to a beam with better quality. Therefore, the above embodiment may be applied not only to handover but also to beam switching in beam management. Beam switching parameters can be adjusted in the same manner as in the above embodiment. Like handover parameters, beam switching parameters are parameters that determine the beam switching timing and include offsets, etc. An HO Failure during handover can be interpreted as a Beam Failure in beam management.

[0163] Each component in the above-described embodiments may be configured with hardware, software, or both, and may be configured with a single piece of hardware or software, or may be configured with multiple pieces of hardware or software. The functions (processing) of each device, including the Non-RT RIC, Near-RT RIC, O-DU, O-CU, and application server, may be realized by a computer 30 having a network interface 31, a processor 32 such as a CPU (Central Processing Unit), and a memory 33, which is a storage device, as shown in FIG. 26 . The network interface 31 may include a network interface card (NIC) for communicating with devices including network nodes. For example, a program for performing the method in the embodiment may be stored in the memory 33, and each function may be realized by executing the program stored in the memory 33 by the processor 32.

[0164] These programs include instructions (or software code) that, when loaded into a computer, cause the computer to perform one or more functions described in the embodiments. The programs may be stored on a non-transitory computer-readable medium or a tangible storage medium. By way of example and not limitation, computer-readable media or tangible storage media include random-access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), flash memory, solid-state drive (SSD) or other memory technology, CD-ROM, digital versatile disc (DVD), Blu-ray disc or other optical disk storage, magnetic cassette, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage device. The programs may also be transmitted on a transitory computer-readable medium or communication medium. By way of example and not limitation, transitory computer-readable media or communication media include electrical, optical, acoustic, or other forms of propagated signals.

[0165] Although the present disclosure has been described above with reference to the embodiments, the present disclosure is not limited to the above-described embodiments. Various modifications that can be understood by those skilled in the art can be made to the configuration and details of the present disclosure within the scope of the present disclosure. Furthermore, each embodiment can be combined with other embodiments as appropriate.

[0166] Each drawing is merely an example for describing one or more embodiments. Each drawing may not relate to only one particular embodiment, but may also relate to one or more other embodiments. As will be understood by those skilled in the art, various features or steps described with reference to any one drawing can be combined with features or steps shown in one or more other drawings to create, for example, an embodiment not explicitly shown or described. Not all features or steps shown in any one drawing are necessary to describe an exemplary embodiment, and some features or steps may be omitted. The order of steps described in any drawing may be changed as appropriate.

[0167] Some or all of the above embodiments can be described as, but are not limited to, the following supplementary notes. (Supplementary Note 1) A system comprising: an acquisition unit that acquires communication requirements and radio quality information; a determination unit that determines whether communication quality according to the radio quality information satisfies the communication requirements; and a determination unit that determines switching parameters for handover or beam switching based on timing at which it is determined that the communication requirements are not satisfied. (Supplementary Note 2) The system according to Supplementary Note 1, wherein the acquisition unit acquires communication requirements of a terminal and radio quality information of the terminal, and the determination unit determines switching parameters for the terminal based on timing at which it is determined that the communication quality according to the radio quality information of the terminal does not satisfy the communication requirements of the terminal. (Supplementary Note 3) The system according to Supplementary Note 1, wherein the acquisition unit acquires communication requirements of a terminal and radio quality information of the terminal, and the determination unit determines switching parameters for another terminal in the same cell or beam as the terminal based on timing at which it is determined that the communication quality according to the radio quality information of the terminal does not satisfy the communication requirements of the terminal. (Supplementary Note 4) The system according to Supplementary Note 2 or 3, wherein the communication requirements are communication requirements of an application in the terminal. (Supplementary Note 5) The system according to Supplementary Note 2 or 3, wherein the switching parameters include an offset for radio quality for determining handover timing or beam switching timing. (Supplementary Note 6) The system according to Supplementary Note 5, wherein the decision unit adds a first value to the offset when it is determined that the communication quality does not satisfy the communication requirements after handover or beam switching of the terminal is executed. (Supplementary Note 7) The system according to Supplementary Note 6, wherein the decision unit adds a second value to the offset when handover of the terminal fails due to a too early cause, and the first value is smaller than the second value. (Supplementary Note 8) The system according to Supplementary Note 5, wherein the decision unit subtracts a first value from the offset when it is determined that the communication quality does not satisfy the communication requirements before handover or beam switching of the terminal is executed.(Supplementary Note 9) The system according to Supplementary Note 8, wherein the determination unit subtracts a second value from the offset when handover of the terminal fails due to a factor of Too Late, and the first value is smaller than the second value. (Supplementary Note 10) The system according to Supplementary Note 2, further comprising a grouping unit that groups the terminals into groups for each communication requirement based on the communication requirements of the terminals, and the determination unit determines switching parameters set for the group to which the terminal belongs as switching parameters for the terminal. (Supplementary Note 11) The system according to Supplementary Note 10, wherein the determination unit determines switching parameters for the group to which the terminal belongs based on a timing at which it is determined that the communication quality of the terminal does not satisfy the communication requirements of the terminal. (Supplementary Note 12) The system according to Supplementary Note 1, wherein the determination unit determines RAN parameters for controlling a Radio Access Network (RAN) in accordance with the switching parameters. (Supplementary Note 13) The system according to Supplementary Note 12, wherein the switching parameters include an offset for radio quality for determining handover timing or beam switching timing, the RAN parameters include a tolerance parameter for suppressing degradation of the communication quality, and the determiner increases a tolerance to degradation of the communication quality caused by the tolerance parameter in accordance with an increase in the offset. (Supplementary Note 14) The system according to Supplementary Note 1, wherein the acquirer acquires RAN parameters for controlling a RAN, and the determiner determines the switching parameters based on the RAN parameters. (Supplementary Note 15) The system according to Supplementary Note 14, wherein the acquirer acquires RAN parameters of a terminal, and the determiner determines switching parameters of the terminal based on the RAN parameters of the terminal. (Supplementary Note 16) The system according to Supplementary Note 14, wherein the handover parameters include an offset for radio quality for determining handover timing or beam switching timing, the RAN parameters include a tolerance parameter for suppressing deterioration of the communication quality, and the determination unit increases the offset as the tolerance parameter increases to a degree of tolerance to deterioration of the communication quality.(Supplementary Note 17) The system according to Supplementary Note 15, comprising: a grouping unit that groups the terminals into groups for each RAN parameter based on the RAN parameters of the terminals, wherein the decision unit decides that switching parameters set for the group to which the terminals belong are to be switching parameters for the terminals. (Supplementary Note 18) A system comprising: an acquisition unit that acquires communication requirements, radio quality information, and RAN parameters, and a decision unit that decides switching parameters for handover or beam switching based on the communication requirements, the radio quality information, and the RAN parameters. (Supplementary Note 19) An apparatus comprising: an acquisition unit that acquires communication requirements and radio quality information, a decision unit that decides whether communication quality according to the radio quality information satisfies the communication requirements, and a decision unit that decides switching parameters for handover or beam switching based on a timing at which it is decided that the communication requirements are not satisfied. (Supplementary Note 20) An apparatus comprising: an acquisition unit that acquires communication requirements, radio quality information, and RAN parameters; and a determination unit that determines switching parameters for handover or beam switching based on the communication requirements, the radio quality information, and the RAN parameters. (Supplementary Note 21) A method that acquires communication requirements and radio quality information, determines whether communication quality according to the radio quality information satisfies the communication requirements, and determines switching parameters for handover or beam switching based on the timing at which it is determined that the communication requirements are not satisfied. (Supplementary Note 22) A method that acquires communication requirements, radio quality information, and RAN parameters, and determines switching parameters for handover or beam switching based on the communication requirements, the radio quality information, and the RAN parameters. (Supplementary Note 23) A program that causes a computer to execute the processes of acquiring communication requirements and radio quality information, determining whether communication quality according to the radio quality information satisfies the communication requirements, and determining switching parameters for handover or beam switching based on the timing at which it is determined that the communication requirements are not satisfied.(Supplementary Note 24) A program for causing a computer to execute a process of acquiring communication requirements, radio quality information, and RAN parameters, and determining switching parameters for handover or beam switching based on the communication requirements, the radio quality information, and the RAN parameters.

[0168] Some or all of the elements (e.g., configurations and functions) described in Supplementary Notes 2 to 15 that are dependent on Supplementary Notes 1 (system) may also be dependent on Supplementary Notes 19 and 20 (devices), Supplementary Notes 21 and 22 (methods), and Supplementary Notes 23 and 24 (programs) in the same dependency relationship as Supplementary Notes 2 to 15. Some or all of the elements described in any Supplementary Note may be applied to various hardware, software, recording means for recording software, systems, and methods.

[0169] This application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2024-086324, filed May 28, 2024, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0170] 1 RAN system 10 System 11 Acquisition unit 12 Determination unit 13 Decision unit 20 Device 30 Computer 31 Network interface 32 Processor 33 Memory 100 Near-RT RIC 110 PM data collection unit 120 V2N data collection unit 130 Handover optimization unit 131 Handover timing calculation unit 132 UE grouping unit 140 RAN parameter control unit 141 RAN parameter acquisition unit 200 Non-RT RIC 210 PM data collection unit 220 V2N data collection unit 230 Database 240 Handover optimization learning unit 300 O-DU 400 O-CU 500 V2N application server 510 V2N data transmission unit

Claims

1. A system comprising: an acquisition unit that acquires communication requirements and wireless quality information; a determination unit that determines whether the communication quality according to the wireless quality information satisfies the communication requirements; and a determination unit that determines switching parameters for handover or beam switching based on the timing at which it is determined that the communication requirements are not satisfied.

2. The system according to claim 1, wherein the acquisition unit acquires communication requirements of the terminal and wireless quality information of the terminal, and the determination unit determines switching parameters of the terminal based on the timing at which it is determined that the communication quality according to the wireless quality information of the terminal does not satisfy the communication requirements of the terminal.

3. The system described in claim 1, wherein the acquisition unit acquires communication requirements of the terminal and radio quality information of the terminal, and the determination unit determines switching parameters for other terminals in the same cell or beam as the terminal based on the timing at which it is determined that the communication quality according to the radio quality information of the terminal does not satisfy the communication requirements of the terminal.

4. The system according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the communication requirements are communication requirements of an application in the terminal.

5. The system according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the switching parameters include an offset for radio quality for determining handover timing or beam switching timing.

6. The system according to claim 5, wherein the decision unit adds a first value to the offset when it is determined that the communication quality does not satisfy the communication requirement after a handover or beam switching of the terminal is executed.

7. The system according to claim 6, wherein the decision unit adds a second value to the offset when handover of the terminal fails due to a too early cause, and the first value is smaller than the second value.

8. The system according to claim 5, wherein the decision unit subtracts a first value from the offset when it is determined that the communication quality does not satisfy the communication requirements before a handover or beam switching of the terminal is executed.

9. The system according to claim 8, wherein the determination unit subtracts a second value from the offset when handover of the terminal fails due to a factor of Too Late, and the first value is smaller than the second value.

10. The system according to claim 2, further comprising a grouping unit that groups the terminals into groups based on the communication requirements of the terminals, and the determination unit determines the switching parameters set for the group to which the terminal belongs as the switching parameters for the terminals.

11. The system according to claim 10, wherein the determination unit determines a switching parameter for the group to which the terminal belongs based on the timing at which it is determined that the communication quality of the terminal does not satisfy the communication requirements of the terminal.

12. The system according to claim 1, wherein the determination unit determines RAN parameters for controlling a Radio Access Network (RAN) in accordance with the switching parameters.

13. The system described in claim 12, wherein the switching parameters include an offset for radio quality for determining handover timing or beam switching timing, the RAN parameters include a tolerance parameter for suppressing deterioration of the communication quality, and the determination unit increases the tolerance to deterioration of the communication quality due to the tolerance parameter in accordance with an increase in the offset.

14. The system according to claim 1, wherein the acquisition unit acquires RAN parameters for controlling a RAN, and the determination unit determines the switching parameters based on the RAN parameters.

15. The system according to claim 14, wherein the acquisition unit acquires RAN parameters of the terminal, and the determination unit determines switching parameters of the terminal based on the RAN parameters of the terminal.

16. The system described in claim 14, wherein the switching parameters include an offset for radio quality for determining handover timing or beam switching timing, the RAN parameters include a tolerance parameter for suppressing deterioration of the communication quality, and the determination unit increases the offset as the tolerance parameter increases to a higher degree of tolerance to deterioration of the communication quality.

17. The system according to claim 15, further comprising a grouping unit that groups the terminals into groups for each RAN parameter based on the RAN parameters of the terminals, and the determination unit determines the switching parameters set for the group to which the terminal belongs as the switching parameters of the terminals.

18. A system comprising: an acquisition unit that acquires communication requirements, radio quality information, and RAN parameters; and a determination unit that determines switching parameters for handover or beam switching based on the communication requirements, the radio quality information, and the RAN parameters.

19. A method comprising: acquiring communication requirements and radio quality information; determining whether the communication quality according to the radio quality information satisfies the communication requirements; and determining switching parameters for handover or beam switching based on the timing at which it is determined that the communication requirements are not satisfied.

20. A program for causing a computer to execute the following process: acquiring communication requirements and wireless quality information; determining whether the communication quality according to the wireless quality information satisfies the communication requirements; and determining switching parameters for handover or beam switching based on the timing at which it is determined that the communication requirements are not satisfied.

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