Method and apparatus for performing communication in wireless communication system

Abstract

A method for performing wireless communication by a device, and an apparatus supporting same are provided. The method may comprise the steps in which: a first device obtains a resource for synchronization; the first device obtains a timing advance; and the first device performs random access. For example, a resource for the random access may exist after the timing advance from the resource for the synchronization.

Description

Method and device for performing communication in a wireless communication system

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a wireless communication system.

[0002] 5G NR, the successor to LTE (long-term evolution), is a new clean-slate mobile communications system characterized by high performance, low latency, and high availability. 5G NR can utilize all available spectrum resources, from low-frequency bands below 1 GHz, mid-frequency bands between 1 GHz and 10 GHz, and high-frequency (millimeter wave) bands above 24 GHz.

[0003] The 6G (wireless communication) system aims to achieve (i) very high data rates per device, (ii) a very large number of connected devices, (iii) global connectivity, (iv) very low latency, (v) low energy consumption for battery-free Internet of Things (IoT) devices, (vi) ultra-reliable connectivity, and (vii) connected intelligence with machine learning capabilities. The vision of the 6G system can be divided into four aspects: intelligent connectivity, deep connectivity, holographic connectivity, and ubiquitous connectivity, and the 6G system can satisfy the requirements as shown in Table 1 below. For example, Table 1 can represent an example of the requirements of a 6G system.

[0004] Maximum data rate per device: 1 Tbps, E2E latency: 1 ms, Maximum spectral efficiency: 100 bps / Hz, Mobility support: Up to 1000 km / hr, Satellite integration: Fully AI, Fully autonomous driving, Fully XR, Fully haptic communication

[0005] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a method may be provided. For example, the method may include: a first device acquiring a resource for synchronization; a first device acquiring a timing advance; and a first device performing random access. For example, the resource for random access may exist after the timing advance from the resource for synchronization.

[0006] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a first device may be provided. For example, the first device may include at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, based on execution by the at least one processor, may cause the first device to: acquire a resource for synchronization; acquire a timing advance; and perform a random access. For example, the resource for the random access may exist after the timing advance from the resource for synchronization.

[0007] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a processing device may be provided. For example, the processing device may include at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, based on execution by the at least one processor, may cause a first device to: acquire a resource for synchronization; acquire a timing advance; and perform a random access. For example, the resource for the random access may exist after the timing advance from the resource for synchronization.

[0008] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having instructions recorded thereon may be provided. For example, the instructions, when executed, may cause a first device to: acquire a resource for synchronization; acquire a timing advance; and perform a random access. For example, the resource for the random access may exist after the timing advance from the resource for synchronization.

[0009] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a method may be provided. For example, the method may include: a step of transmitting, by a second device, resources for synchronization; and a step of performing, by the second device, a procedure related to random access. For example, the resources for random access may be present after a timing advance from the resources for synchronization.

[0010] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a second device may be provided. For example, the second device may include at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, based on execution by the at least one processor, may cause the second device to: transmit a resource for synchronization; and perform a procedure related to random access. For example, the resource for random access may be present after a timing advance from the resource for synchronization.

[0011] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a processing device may be provided. For example, the processing device may include at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, based on execution by the at least one processor, may cause a second device to: transmit a resource for synchronization; and perform a procedure related to random access. For example, the resource for random access may exist after a timing advance from the resource for synchronization.

[0012] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions may be provided. For example, the instructions, when executed, may cause a second device to: transmit resources for synchronization; and perform procedures related to random access. For example, the resources for random access may exist after a timing advance from the resources for synchronization.

[0013] Figure 1 illustrates a device-to-device communication procedure according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0014] FIG. 2 illustrates a radio protocol architecture according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0015] FIG. 3 illustrates the structure of a wireless frame according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0016] FIG. 4 illustrates a slot structure of a frame according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0017] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a BWP according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0018] FIG. 6 illustrates a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0019] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a communication scenario based on a 6G system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0020] FIGS. 8A and 8B illustrate a non-terrestrial network scenario according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0021] FIG. 9 illustrates a procedure for downlink transmission and reception according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0022] FIG. 10 illustrates a procedure for uplink transmission and reception according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0023] FIG. 11 illustrates an example of an NTN according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0024] FIG. 12 shows examples of K_offset and K_mac according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0025] FIG. 13 illustrates an example of a UE-specific TA and a common TA according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0026] FIG. 14 illustrates an example of an uplink-downlink timing relationship according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0027] FIG. 15 illustrates an example of TA mismatch within a beam / cell according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0028] FIG. 16 illustrates an example of resources for random access according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0029] FIG. 17 illustrates a method for a first device to perform wireless communication according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0030] FIG. 18 illustrates a method for a second device to perform wireless communication according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0031] FIG. 19 illustrates a communication system (1) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0032] FIG. 20 illustrates a wireless device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0033] FIG. 21 illustrates a signal processing circuit for a transmission signal according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0034] FIG. 22 illustrates a wireless device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0035] FIG. 23 illustrates a mobile device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0036] In this disclosure, "A or B" can mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." In other words, "A or B" in this disclosure can be interpreted as "A and / or B." For example, "A, B or C" in this disclosure can mean "only A," "only B," "only C," or "any combination of A, B and C."

[0037] As used herein, a slash ( / ) or a comma may mean "and / or." For example, "A / B" may mean "A and / or B." Accordingly, "A / B" may mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." For example, "A, B, C" may mean "A, B, or C."

[0038] In the present disclosure, “at least one of A and B” may mean “only A,” “only B,” or “both A and B.” Additionally, in the present disclosure, the expressions “at least one of A or B” or “at least one of A and / or B” may be interpreted identically to “at least one of A and B.”

[0039] Additionally, in the present disclosure, “at least one of A, B and C” can mean “only A,” “only B,” “only C,” or “any combination of A, B and C.” Additionally, “at least one of A, B or C” or “at least one of A, B and / or C” can mean “at least one of A, B and C.”

[0040] Additionally, parentheses used in the present disclosure may mean "for example." Specifically, when indicated as "control information (PDCCH)", "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information." In other words, "control information" in the present disclosure is not limited to "PDCCH," and "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information." Furthermore, even when indicated as "control information (i.e., PDCCH)", "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information."

[0041] In the following explanation, ‘when, if, in case of’ can be replaced with ‘based on’.

[0042] Technical features individually described in one drawing in this disclosure may be implemented individually or simultaneously.

[0043] In the present disclosure, higher layer parameters may be parameters set for the terminal, preset, or predefined. For example, a base station or network may transmit higher layer parameters to the terminal. For example, the higher layer parameters may be transmitted via radio resource control (RRC) signaling or medium access control (MAC) signaling.

[0044] In the present disclosure, "setting or defining" may be interpreted as being set or preset to a device through predefined signaling (e.g., SIB, MAC, RRC, DCI (downlink control information), etc.) from a base station or a network. In the present disclosure, "setting or defining" may be interpreted as being set or preset to a device through predefined signaling (e.g., MAC, RRC, SCI (sidelink control information), device-to-device signaling control information, etc.) from another device. In the present disclosure, "setting or defining" may be interpreted as being set or preset to a device.

[0045] In the present disclosure, a user equipment (UE) may refer to a device, a portable device, a wireless device, etc. In the present disclosure, a base station (BS) may refer to a radio access network (RAN) node, a non-terrestrial network (NTN) cell / node, a transmission reception point (TRP), a network, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a device, a portable device, a wireless device, etc.

[0046] The technology proposed in the present disclosure can be used in various wireless communication systems such as CDMA (code division multiple access), FDMA (frequency division multiple access), TDMA (time division multiple access), OFDMA (orthogonal frequency division multiple access), and SC-FDMA (single carrier frequency division multiple access). CDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as UTRA (universal terrestrial radio access) or CDMA2000. TDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as GSM (global system for mobile communications) / GPRS (general packet radio service) / EDGE (enhanced data rates for GSM evolution). OFDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802-20, E-UTRA (evolved UTRA), LTE (long term evolution), and 5G NR.

[0047] The technology proposed in this disclosure can be implemented with 6G wireless technology and applied to various 6G systems. For example, 6G systems can have key factors such as enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low latency communications (URLLC), massive machine-type communication (mMTC), artificial intelligence (AI) integrated communication, tactile internet, high throughput, high network capacity, high energy efficiency, low backhaul and access network congestion, and enhanced data security.

[0048] FIG. 1 illustrates a device-to-device communication procedure according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 1 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0049] Referring to FIG. 1, in step S101, a first device and a second device can perform synchronization. For example, the first device can be a terminal and / or at least one of the devices proposed in the present disclosure. For example, the second device can be a base station, a network, a RAN node, an NTN node / cell, a TRP, a terminal and / or at least one of the devices proposed in the present disclosure. For example, the first device can perform an initial cell search operation. For example, the first device can detect at least one synchronization signal transmitted by the second device according to a predefined rule. Here, for example, the synchronization signal can include a plurality of synchronization signals classified according to a structure or purpose (e.g., a primary synchronization signal, a secondary synchronization signal, etc.). Through this, the first device can identify the boundaries of the frame, subframe, time unit, slot, and / or symbol of the second device, and the first device can obtain information about the second device (e.g., a cell identifier).

[0050] In step S103, the first device can obtain system information transmitted by the second device. For example, the system information may include information related to the properties, characteristics, and / or capabilities of the second device required to connect to the second device and use the service. For example, the system information may be classified according to content (e.g., whether it is essential for connection), transmission structure (e.g., the channel used, whether it is provided on-demand), etc. For example, the system information may be classified into a master information block (MIB) and a system information block (SIB). For example, if necessary, the first device may transmit a signal requesting system information before receiving the system information. For example, the request and provision of system information may be performed after a random access procedure described below.

[0051] In step S105, the first device and the second device can perform a random access procedure. For example, the first device can transmit and / or receive at least one message (e.g., a random access preamble, a random access response message, etc.) for the random access procedure based on information related to a random access channel of the second device obtained through system information (e.g., channel location, channel structure, structure of supported preamble, etc.). For example, the first device can transmit a preamble (e.g., Msg1) through the random access channel, the first device can receive a random access response message (e.g., Msg2), the first device can transmit a message (e.g., Msg3) including information related to the first device (e.g., identification information) to the second device using scheduling information included in the random access response message, and the first device can receive a message (e.g., Msg4) for contention resolution and / or connection establishment. For example, Msg1 and Msg3 can be sent and received as one message (e.g., MsgA), and / or Msg2 and Msg4 can be sent and received as one message (e.g., MsgB).

[0052] In step S107, the first device and the second device may perform signaling of control information. Here, for example, the control information may be defined in various layers, such as a layer that controls a connection (e.g., a radio resource control (RRC) layer), a layer that handles mapping between logical channels and transport channels (e.g., a media access control (MAC) layer), and a layer that handles physical channels (e.g., a physical (PHY) layer). For example, the first device and the second device may perform at least one of signaling for establishing a connection, signaling for determining settings related to communication, and / or signaling for indicating allocated resources. For example, the control information may be signaled / transmitted via a control channel. For example, the control information and / or the control channel may be used to schedule at least one of data, a data channel (e.g., a shared channel), and / or control information on the data channel.

[0053] In step S109, the first device and the second device may transmit and / or receive data. For example, the first device and the second device may process, transmit, and / or receive data based on signaling of control information. For example, when transmitting data, the first device or the second device may perform at least one of channel encoding, rate matching, scrambling, constellation mapping, layer mapping, waveform modulation, antenna mapping, and / or resource mapping on the information bits. For example, when receiving data, the first device or the second device may perform at least one of signal extraction from resources, waveform demodulation for each antenna, signal arrangement considering layer mapping, constellation demapping, descrambling, and / or channel decoding.

[0054] For example, the layers of a radio interface protocol between a first device and a second device can be divided into L1 (layer 1), L2 (layer 2), L3 (layer 3), etc. For example, a physical layer belonging to the first layer can provide an information transfer service using a physical channel, and an RRC (radio resource control) layer located in the third layer can play a role in controlling radio resources between the first device and the second device. For this purpose, for example, the RRC layer can exchange RRC messages between the first device and the second device.

[0055] FIG. 2 illustrates a radio protocol architecture according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 2 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted. For example, (a) of FIG. 2 may illustrate a radio protocol stack of a user plane for uplink communication or downlink communication, and (b) of FIG. 2 may illustrate a radio protocol stack of a control plane for uplink communication or downlink communication. For example, (c) of FIG. 2 may illustrate a radio protocol stack of a user plane for device-to-device communication, and (d) of FIG. 2 may illustrate a radio protocol stack of a control plane for device-to-device communication.

[0056] For example, the physical layer can provide information transmission services to upper layers using physical channels. For example, the physical layer can be connected to the upper layer, the medium access control (MAC) layer, through a transport channel. For example, data can be transmitted between the MAC layer and the physical layer through the transport channel. For example, transport channels can be classified according to how and with what characteristics data is transmitted over the wireless interface. For example, data can be transmitted between different physical layers, for example, between the physical layers of a first device and a second device, through a physical channel. For example, the physical channel can be modulated using an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) scheme, and time and frequency can be utilized as radio resources.

[0057] For example, the MAC layer can provide services to the upper layer, the radio link control (RLC) layer, through logical channels. For example, the MAC layer can provide a mapping function from multiple logical channels to multiple transport channels. For example, the MAC layer can provide a logical channel multiplexing function by mapping multiple logical channels to a single transport channel. For example, the MAC sublayer can provide data transmission services on logical channels.

[0058] For example, the RLC layer can perform concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC service data units (SDUs). For example, to guarantee the various quality of service (QoS) required by radio bearers (RBs), the RLC layer can provide three operating modes: transparent mode (TM), unacknowledged mode (UM), and acknowledged mode (AM). For example, AM RLC can provide error correction through automatic repeat request (ARQ).

[0059] For example, the RRC (radio resource control) layer can be defined only in the control plane. For example, the RRC layer can be responsible for controlling logical channels, transport channels, and physical channels in relation to the configuration, re-configuration, and release of radio bearers. For example, an RB can mean a logical path provided by a first layer (e.g., a physical layer) and a second layer (e.g., a MAC layer, an RLC layer, a PDCP (packet data convergence protocol) layer, a SDAP (service data adaptation protocol) layer, etc.) for data transmission between a first device and a second device.

[0060] For example, the functions of the PDCP layer in the user plane may include forwarding of user data, header compression, and ciphering. For example, the functions of the PDCP layer in the control plane may include forwarding of control plane data and ciphering / integrity protection.

[0061] For example, establishing an RB can refer to the process of defining the characteristics of the radio protocol layer and channel to provide a specific service, and setting specific parameters and operating methods for each. For example, RBs can be divided into two types: signaling radio bearers (SRBs) and data radio bearers (DRBs). For example, SRBs can be used as a channel to transmit RRC messages in the control plane, while DRBs can be used as a channel to transmit user data in the user plane.

[0062] For example, if an RRC connection is established between the RRC layer of the terminal and the RRC layer of the base station, the terminal will be in the RRC_CONNECTED state, and if not, it may be in the RRC_IDLE state. For example, in the case of NR, the RRC_INACTIVE state is additionally defined, and a terminal in the RRC_INACTIVE state can release the connection with the base station while maintaining the connection with the core network.

[0063] For example, a downlink transmission channel may include at least one of a broadcast channel (BCH) for transmitting system information, and / or a downlink shared channel (SCH) for transmitting user traffic or control messages. For example, traffic or control messages of a downlink multicast or broadcast service may be transmitted through the downlink SCH, or may be transmitted through a separate downlink multicast channel (MCH). Meanwhile, an uplink transmission channel may include at least one of a random access channel (RACH) for transmitting initial control messages, and / or an uplink shared channel (SCH) for transmitting user traffic or control messages. For example, a logical channel located above a transmission channel and mapped to the transmission channel may include at least one of a broadcast control channel (BCCH), a paging control channel (PCCH), a common control channel (CCCH), a multicast control channel (MCCH), and / or a multicast traffic channel (MTCH).

[0064] FIG. 3 illustrates the structure of a wireless frame according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 3 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0065] Referring to FIG. 3, for example, a radio frame may be used in uplink transmission, downlink transmission, and / or device-to-device transmission. For example, a radio frame may have a length of 10 ms and may be defined as two 5 ms half-frames (HF). For example, a half-frame may include five 1 ms subframes (SF). For example, a subframe may be divided into one or more slots, and the number of slots within a subframe may be determined according to a subcarrier spacing (SCS). For example, each slot may include 12 or 14 OFDM (A) symbols, depending on a cyclic prefix (CP).

[0066] For example, when normal CP is used, each slot can contain 14 symbols. For example, when extended CP is used, each slot can contain 12 symbols. Here, for example, the symbols can contain OFDM symbols (or CP-OFDM symbols), SC-FDMA (single carrier-FDMA) symbols (or DFT-s-OFDM (Discrete Fourier Transform-spread-OFDM) symbols).

[0067] Table 2 below shows the number of symbols per slot (N) depending on the SCS setting (u) when normal CP or extended CP is used. slot symb ), number of slots per frame (N frame,u slot ) and the number of slots per subframe (N subframe,u slot ) is an example.

[0068] CP type SCS (15*2 u )N slot symb N frame,u slot N subframe,u slotNormal CP15kHz (u=0)1410130kHz (u=1)1420260kHz (u=2)14404120kHz (u=3)14808240kHz (u=4)1416016Extended CP60kHz (u=2)12404

[0069] For example, OFDM(A) numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.) may be set differently between multiple cells that are merged into a single terminal. Accordingly, the (absolute time) interval of time resources (e.g., subframes, slots, or transmit time intervals (TTIs)) composed of the same number of symbols may be set differently between the merged cells. For example, in the present disclosure, time resources such as subframes, slots, TTIs, etc. may be referred to as time units.

[0070] For example, multiple numerologies, or SCSs, may be supported to support various services. For example, a 15 kHz SCS may support wide areas in traditional cellular bands, while a 30 kHz / 60 kHz SCS may support dense urban areas, lower latency, and wider carrier bandwidth. For example, a 60 kHz or higher SCS may support bandwidths greater than 24.25 GHz to overcome phase noise.

[0071] FIG. 4 illustrates a slot structure of a frame according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 4 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0072] Referring to FIG. 4, for example, a slot may include multiple symbols in the time domain. For example, a carrier may include multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. For example, a resource block (RB) may be defined as multiple consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. For example, a bandwidth part (BWP) may be defined as multiple consecutive (P)RBs ((physical) resource blocks) in the frequency domain, and may correspond to one numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.). For example, a carrier may include at most N BWPs (where N is a positive integer). For example, data communication may be performed through an activated BWP. For example, each element may be referred to as a resource element (RE) in the resource grid, and one complex symbol may be mapped to it.

[0073] For example, a BWP may be a contiguous set of PRBs in a given numerology. For example, a PRB may be selected from a contiguous subset of common resource blocks (CRBs) for a given numerology on a given carrier.

[0074] For example, the BWP may be at least one of an active BWP, an initial BWP, and / or a default BWP. For example, the UE may not monitor the downlink radio link quality in a DL BWP other than the active DL BWP on the PCell (primary cell). For example, the UE may not receive a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH), a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH), or a channel state information-reference signal (CSI-RS) (except for radio resource management (RRM)) outside of the active DL BWP. For example, the UE may not trigger channel state information (CSI) reporting for an inactive DL BWP. For example, the UE may not transmit a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) or a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) outside of the active UL BWP. For example, for downlink, the initial BWP can be given as a set of consecutive resource blocks (RBs) for the remaining minimum system information (RMSI) CORESET (control resource set) (set by the physical broadcast channel (PBCH)). For uplink, for example, the initial BWP can be given by the system information block (SIB) for the random access procedure. For example, the default BWP can be set by a higher layer. For example, the initial value of the default BWP can be the initial DL BWP.For energy saving, if a terminal does not detect DCI (downlink control information) for a certain period of time, the terminal may switch its active BWP to a default BWP.

[0075] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a BWP according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 5 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted. In the embodiment of FIG. 5, it is assumed that there are three BWPs.

[0076] Referring to FIG. 5, for example, a common resource block (CRB) may be a carrier resource block numbered from one end of a carrier band to the other, and a PRB may be a numbered resource block within each BWP. For example, point A may indicate a common reference point for a resource block grid.

[0077] For example, BWP is point A, offset from point A (N start BWP ) and bandwidth (N size BWP ) can be set by. For example, point A can be an outer reference point of the PRB of a carrier where subcarrier 0 of all numerologies (e.g., all numerologies supported by the network on that carrier) aligns. For example, the offset can be the PRB spacing between the lowest subcarrier in a given numerology and point A. For example, the bandwidth can be the number of PRBs in a given numerology.

[0078] FIG. 6 illustrates a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 6 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0079] As core implementation technologies of the 6G system, technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), THz (terahertz) communication, optical wireless technology, free-space optical transmission (FSO) backhaul networks, massive MIMO (multiple input multiple output) technology, blockchain, 3D networking, quantum communication, unmanned aerial vehicles, cell-free communication, wireless information and energy transfer (WIET), integration of sensing and communication, integration of access backhaul networks, holographic beamforming, big data analysis, and large intelligent surface (LIS) can be adopted.

[0080] - Artificial Intelligence: Incorporating AI into communications can streamline and improve real-time data transmission. AI can use numerous analytics to determine how complex target tasks should be performed. For example, AI can increase efficiency and reduce processing delays. Time-consuming tasks such as handovers, network selection, and resource scheduling can be performed instantly using AI. AI can also play a crucial role in machine-to-machine (M2M), machine-to-human, and human-to-machine communications. AI can also facilitate rapid communication in brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). AI-based communication systems can be supported by metamaterials, intelligent structures, intelligent networks, intelligent devices, intelligent cognitive radios, self-sustaining wireless networks, and machine learning.

[0081] - THz communication (terahertz communication): Data rates can be increased by increasing the bandwidth. This can be achieved by using sub-THz communication with wide bandwidths and applying advanced massive MIMO technology. THz waves, also known as sub-millimeter waves, typically refer to the frequency range between 0.1 THz and 10 THz, with corresponding wavelengths ranging from 0.03 mm to 3 mm. The 100 GHz to 300 GHz band (sub-THz band) is considered a key part of the THz spectrum for cellular communications. Adding the sub-THz band to the mmWave band will increase the capacity of 6G cellular communications. Among the defined THz bands, 300 GHz to 3 THz lies in the far infrared (IR) frequency band. While part of the optical band, the 300 GHz to 3 THz band lies at the boundary of the optical band, immediately following the RF band. Therefore, this 300 GHz to 3 THz band exhibits similarities to RF. Key characteristics of THz communications include (i) the widely available bandwidth to support very high data rates and (ii) the high path loss that occurs at high frequencies (requiring highly directional antennas). The narrow beamwidths generated by highly directional antennas reduce interference. The small wavelength of THz signals allows for a significantly larger number of antenna elements to be integrated into devices and base stations operating in this band. This enables the use of advanced adaptive array technologies to overcome range limitations.

[0082] - Large-scale MIMO technology

[0083] - Hologram beamforming (HBF)

[0084] - Optical wireless technology

[0085] - Free-space optical transmission backhaul network (FSO backhaul network)

[0086] - Quantum communication

[0087] - Cell-free communication

[0088] - Integration of wireless information and power transmission

[0089] - Integration of wireless communication and sensing

[0090] - Integrated access and backhaul network

[0091] - Big data analysis

[0092] - Reconfigurable intelligent surface

[0093] - metaverse

[0094] - Block chain

[0095] Advanced Air Mobility (AAM): AAM can be a broad concept encompassing urban air mobility (UAM), regional air mobility (RAM), and uncrewed aerial systems (UAS). For example, AAM can include UAM, RAM, UAS, and uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAVs).

[0096] - Autonomous driving (self-driving): V2X (vehicle to everything), a key element in building autonomous driving infrastructure, can be a technology that allows cars to communicate and share with various elements on the road for autonomous driving, such as vehicle to vehicle (V2V) wireless communication and vehicle to infrastructure (V2I) wireless communication.

[0097] Non-terrestrial network (NTN): NTN can refer to a network or network segment that utilizes radio frequency (RF) resources mounted on satellites (or UAS platforms). NTN services may be considered to secure wider coverage or provide wireless communication services in locations where the installation of wireless communication base stations is difficult.

[0098] - Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC): Wireless sensing is a technology that uses radio frequencies to determine the instantaneous linear velocity, angle, distance (range), etc. of an object, thereby obtaining information about the characteristics of the environment and / or objects within the environment.

[0099] - Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS): RIS can be used to manipulate and enhance signal propagation in wireless communication environments. For example, a RIS can be composed of many small antennas, or metasurfaces, arranged on a surface, each of which can actively control the phase, amplitude, polarization, etc. of the reflected signal. For example, a RIS can improve signal reception by controlling the path, phase, and / or intensity of the propagating signal. For example, in the case of a RIS, power consumption can be very low because power is consumed only for controlling the phase and amplitude of the small antennas. For example, because a RIS can be reconfigured to suit different environments, it can meet diverse communication requirements and operate effectively in dynamic network environments.

[0100] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a communication scenario based on a 6G system, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 7 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0101] Referring to FIG. 7, NTN communication can be performed based on satellite networks, high-altitude platform stations (HAPS) as international mobile telecommunications (IMT) base stations (BS), and terminals capable of aerial communication (e.g., AAMs). For example, to improve coverage, etc., devices such as satellite networks, HIBS, and terminals capable of aerial communication (e.g., AAMs) can act as relays. For example, an AAM can communicate with a base station, a satellite network, etc., and / or an AAM can communicate directly with a terminal, another AAM, etc.

[0102] Figures 8a and 8b illustrate a non-terrestrial network scenario according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiments of Figures 8a and 8b may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0103] Figure 8a illustrates a non-terrestrial network scenario based on a transparent payload, and Figure 8b illustrates a non-terrestrial network scenario based on a regenerative payload. For example, a non-terrestrial network may typically include the following elements:

[0104] - One or more satellite gateways connecting non-terrestrial networks to public data networks.

[0105] - Feeder link or wireless link between the satellite gateway and the satellite (or UAS platform).

[0106] - Service link or wireless link between user equipment and satellite (or UAS platform)

[0107] - A satellite (or UAS platform) capable of implementing transparent or regenerative (including onboard processing) payloads. For example, a satellite (or UAS platform) may generate multiple beams over a given service area, typically bounded by a field of view. For example, the beam footprint may be typically elliptical in shape. For example, the field of view of the satellite (or UAS platform) may vary depending on the onboard antenna diagram and minimum elevation angle. For example, for transparent payloads, radio frequency filtering, frequency conversion, and amplification may be performed. Therefore, the repetitive waveform signal in the payload may remain unchanged. For example, for regenerative payloads, radio frequency filtering, frequency conversion, and amplification, as well as demodulation / decoding, switching and / or routing, and coding / modulation may be performed. This may effectively be equivalent to onboarding all base station functions onto the satellite (or UAS platform).

[0108] - Optionally, inter-satellite link (ISL)

[0109] - User equipment can be serviced by satellites (or UAS platforms) within the target service area.

[0110] FIG. 9 illustrates a procedure for downlink transmission and reception according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 9 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0111] Referring to FIG. 9, for example, in step S910, the base station may schedule downlink transmissions such as frequency / time resources, transmission layers, downlink precoder, MCS, etc. For example, the base station may determine a beam for PDSCH transmission of the terminal through the operations described above.

[0112] For example, in step S920, the terminal can receive downlink control information (DCI) for downlink scheduling (e.g., including scheduling information of PDSCH) from the base station on the PDCCH.

[0113] For example, DCI format 1_0 or 1_1 may be used for downlink scheduling, and in particular, DCI format 1_1 may include the following information: Identifier for DCI formats, Bandwidth part indicator, Frequency domain resource assignment, Time domain resource assignment, PRB bundling size indicator, Rate matching indicator, ZP CSI-RS trigger, Antenna port(s), Transmission configuration indication (TCI), SRS request, DMRS (Demodulation Reference Signal) sequence initialization.

[0114] For example, depending on each state indicated in the Antenna port(s) field, a number of DMRS ports can be scheduled, and also single-user (SU) / multi-user (MU) transmission scheduling can be possible.

[0115] For example, the TCI field consists of 3 bits, and QCL for DMRS can be dynamically indicated by indicating up to 8 TCI states depending on the TCI field value.

[0116] For example, in step S930, the terminal can receive downlink data from the base station on the PDSCH.

[0117] For example, if a terminal detects a PDCCH including DCI format 1_0 or 1_1, it can decode the PDSCH according to instructions by the corresponding DCI.

[0118] For example, when a terminal receives a PDSCH scheduled by DCI format 1, the terminal may set a DMRS configuration type by a higher layer parameter 'dmrs-Type', and the DMRS type may be used to receive the PDSCH. For example, the terminal may set a maximum number of DMRA symbols to be front-loaded for the PDSCH by a higher layer parameter 'maxLength'.

[0119] For example, for DMRS configuration type 1, if a terminal is scheduled with a single codeword and is assigned an antenna port mapped with an index of {2, 9, 10, 11, or 30}, or if a terminal is scheduled with two codewords, the terminal can assume that all remaining orthogonal antenna ports are not associated with a PDSCH transmission to another terminal.

[0120] For example, for DMRS configuration type 2, if a terminal is scheduled with a single codeword and is assigned an antenna port mapped with an index of {2, 10, or 23}, or if a terminal is scheduled with two codewords, the terminal can assume that all remaining orthogonal antenna ports are not associated with a PDSCH transmission to another terminal.

[0121] For example, when a terminal receives a PDSCH, a precoding granularity P' can be assumed to be a consecutive resource block in the frequency domain. For example, P' can correspond to one of the values ​​{2, 4, wideband}.

[0122] For example, if P' is determined to be wideband, the terminal does not expect to be scheduled with non-contiguous PRBs, and the terminal can assume that the same precoding is applied to the allocated resources.

[0123] For example, if P' is determined to be one of {2, 4}, a precoding resource block group (PRG) can be divided into P' consecutive PRBs. For example, the actual number of consecutive PRBs within each PRG can be one or more. For example, a UE can assume that the same precoding is applied to consecutive downlink PRBs within a PRG.

[0124] For example, in order for a terminal to determine the modulation order, target code rate, and transport block size within a PDSCH, the terminal may first read a 5-bit MCD field within the DCI to determine the modulation order and target code rate. Then, the terminal may read a redundancy version field within the DCI to determine the redundancy version. Then, the terminal may determine the transport block size using the number of layers and the total number of allocated PRBs before rate matching.

[0125] FIG. 10 illustrates a procedure for uplink transmission and reception according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 10 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0126] Referring to FIG. 10, for example, in step S1010, the base station may schedule uplink transmissions such as frequency / time resources, transmission layers, uplink precoder, MCS, etc. For example, the base station may determine a beam for PUSCH transmission of the terminal through the operations described above.

[0127] For example, in step S1020, the terminal may receive DCI for uplink scheduling (e.g., including scheduling information of PUSCH) from the base station on the PDCCH.

[0128] For example, DCI format 0_0 or 0_1 may be used for uplink scheduling, and in particular, DCI format 0_1 ​​may include the following information: Identifier for DCI formats, UL / SUL (Supplementary uplink) indicator, UL / SUL indicator, Bandwidth part indicator, Frequency domain resource assignment, Time domain resource assignment, Frequency hopping flag, Modulation and coding scheme (MCS), SRS resource indicator (SRI), Precoding information and number of layers, Antenna port(s), SRS request, DMRS sequence initialization, UL-SCH (Uplink Shared Channel) indicator

[0129] For example, SRS resources configured within a set of SRS resources associated with the upper layer parameter 'usage' can be indicated by the SRS resource indicator field. For example, 'spatialRelationInfo' can be configured for each SRS resource, and its value can be one of {CRI, SSB, SRI}.

[0130] For example, in step S1030, the terminal may transmit uplink data to the base station on PUSCH.

[0131] For example, if a terminal detects a PDCCH including DCI format 0_0 or 0_1, it can transmit the corresponding PUSCH according to the instructions of the corresponding DCI.

[0132] For example, two transmission schemes (e.g., codebook-based transmission for PUSCH transmission and non-codebook-based transmission for PUSCH transmission) may be supported:

[0133] i) For example, when the upper layer parameter 'txConfig' is set to 'codebook', the terminal may be configured for codebook-based transmission. For example, when the upper layer parameter 'txConfig' is set to 'nonCodebook', the terminal may be configured for non-codebook-based transmission. For example, if the upper layer parameter 'txConfig' is not set, the terminal may not expect to be scheduled by DCI format 0_1. For example, when PUSCH is scheduled by DCI format 0_0, PUSCH transmission may be based on a single antenna port.

[0134] For example, in case of codebook-based transmission, PUSCH can be scheduled in DCI format 0_0, DCI format 0_1, or semi-statically. For example, if this PUSCH is scheduled by DCI format 0_1, the UE can determine the PUSCH transmission precoder based on the SRI, the transmit precoding matrix indicator (TPMI), and the transmission rank from the DCI, as given by the SRS resource indicator field and the precoding information and number of layers field. For example, the TPMI is used to indicate the precoder to be applied across antenna ports, and may correspond to the SRS resource selected by the SRI when multiple SRS resources are configured. For example, if a single SRS resource is configured, the TPMI is used to indicate the precoder to be applied across antenna ports, and may correspond to the single SRS resource. For example, a transmit precoder may be selected from an uplink codebook having the same number of antenna ports as the upper layer parameter 'nrofSRS-Ports'. For example, when a terminal sets an upper layer with 'codebook' as the parameter 'txConfig', the terminal may be configured with at least one SRS resource. For example, an SRI indicated in slot n is associated with the most recent transmission of the SRS resource identified by the SRI, wherein the SRS resource may precede the PDCCH carrying the SRI (e.g., slot n).

[0135] ii) For example, in case of non-codebook based transmission, PUSCH can be scheduled in DCI format 0_0, DCI format 0_1, or semi-statically. For example, when multiple SRS resources are configured, the UE can determine the PUSCH precoder and transmission rank based on the wideband SRI, where the SRI can be given by the SRS resource indicator in the DCI or by the higher layer parameter 'srs-ResourceIndicator'. For example, the UE uses one or multiple SRS resources for SRS transmission, where the number of SRS resources can be configured for simultaneous transmission within the same RB based on the UE capability. For example, only one SRS port can be configured for each SRS resource. For example, only one SRS resource can be configured with the higher layer parameter 'usage' set to 'nonCodebook'. For example, the maximum number of SRS resources that can be configured for non-codebook based uplink transmission may be 4. For example, the SRI indicated in slot n is associated with the most recent transmission of the SRS resource identified by the SRI, where the SRS transmission may precede the PDCCH carrying the SRI (e.g., slot n).

[0136] FIG. 11 illustrates an example of an NTN according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 11 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0137] Referring to Fig. 11, examples according to NTN platform types can be shown. For example, examples according to NTN platform types can be HAPS (High-Altitude Platform Station), LEO (Low Earth orbit), MEO (Medium Earth orbit), or GEO (Geo-stationary Earth orbit).

[0138] For example, parameters related to a High-Altitude Platform Station (HAPS) may be as follows: For example, the altitude of the High-Altitude Platform Station (HAPS) may be 20 km. For example, the beam footprint size of the High-Altitude Platform Station (HAPS) may be 5-200 km.

[0139] For example, parameters related to LEO (Low Earth orbit) can be as follows. For example, the altitude of LEO (Low Earth orbit) can be 300-1500 km. For example, the beam footprint size of LEO (Low Earth orbit) can be 100-1000 km. For example, the satellite speed in LEO (Low Earth orbit) can be 7.56 km / sec (for LEO-600). For example, the maximum propagation delay in LEO (Low Earth orbit) can be 25.77 msec (for LEO-600).

[0140] For example, parameters related to MEO (Medium Earth orbit) can be as follows. For example, the altitude of MEO (Medium Earth orbit) can be 7000-25000 km. For example, the beam footprint size of MEO (Medium Earth orbit) can be 100-1500 km. For example, the maximum propagation delay of MEO (Medium Earth orbit) can be 95.19 msec (for MEO-10000).

[0141] For example, the parameters related to Geo-stationary Earth orbit (GEO) can be as follows. For example, the altitude of Geo-stationary Earth orbit (GEO) can be 35786 km. For example, the beam footprint size of Geo-stationary Earth orbit (GEO) can be 200-3500 km. For example, the satellite speed of Geo-stationary Earth orbit (GEO) can be 3.1 km / sec (negligible). For example, the maximum propagation delay of Geo-stationary Earth orbit (GEO) can be 541.46 msec.

[0142] For example, to effectively operate NTN with very long RTT, scheduling offsets K_offset and K_mac can be introduced.

[0143] FIG. 12 illustrates examples of K_offset and K_mac according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 12 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0144] Referring to FIG. 12, examples of K_offset and K_mac can be shown. For example, a service link RTT can be an RTT between a terminal and a satellite. For example, a feeder link RTT can be an RTT between a satellite and a base station. For example, a common TA can be a TA between a satellite and a RP. For example, K_offset can be an offset value indicating the RTT of an uplink time synchronization reference point (RP). For example, K_offset can be the sum of the service link RTT and the common TA (if indicated). For example, K_mac can be an offset value indicating the RTT between an RP and a gNB. For example, the feeder link RTT could mean the sum of the common TA (if indicated) and K_mac.

[0145] FIG. 13 illustrates examples of UE-specific TAs and common TAs according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 13 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0146] Referring to FIG. 13, for example, in Rel-17 NTN, a UE can calculate a TA on its own based on its GNSS capability and base station indication information (e.g., ephemeris information), which can be referred to as a UE-specific TA. For example, a TA calculated based on common TA parameters indicated by a base station can be referred to as a common TA, and the final TA based on this can be based on FIG. 14 and the description related to FIG. 14.

[0147] FIG. 14 illustrates an example of an uplink-downlink timing relationship according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 14 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0148] Referring to Figure 14, the uplink frame number i for transmission from the UE is the number of frames before the start of the corresponding downlink frame at the UE. You can start here

[0149] - and can be given in clause 4.2 of TS 38.213, This may be excluded for msgA transmission on PUSCH that should be used;

[0150] - If indicated, it can be derived from the upper-layer parameters TACommon, TACommonDrift, and TACommonDriftVariation, otherwise It could be;

[0151] - If indicated, the UE position and serving-satellite-orbit-related upper-layer parameters can be computed by the UE, otherwise It could be.

[0152] For example, there may be a TA misalignment.

[0153] For example, in NR NTN, TA mismatch may occur if the gNB does not receive TA reports, if the existing TA reports are outdated, or if the TA reporting granularity is not sufficiently granular. For example, if the UE does not perform TA reporting at all, the above scenario (e.g., no TA reporting) may not be considered a feasible scenario, since the gNB cannot set some key scheduling variables (e.g., K_(cell,offset), K_(UE,offset)). Therefore, assuming that the UE performs TA reporting, the magnitude of the TA mismatch due to TA report aging and / or TA report granularity may need to be addressed. For example, if the UE performs TA reporting in NR NTN, TA mismatch may occur primarily due to outdated TA reports and / or coarse TA report granularity. For example, for HD-FDD (e)RedCap UE support, the issue of quantitative level TA misalignment between gNB and UE may need to be addressed.

[0154] Meanwhile, differences due to old TA reports may occur when the UE location changes, and may occur proportionally to RTT differences that depend on the UE location within the cell (e.g., difference between minimum TA and maximum TA).

[0155] FIG. 15 illustrates an example of TA mismatch within a beam / cell, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 15 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0156] Referring to FIG. 15, for example, assuming LEO 600 km, beam size 50 km, and target elevation angle 30 degrees, the difference between the shortest RTT (minimum TA) and the longest RTT (maximum TA) can be within about 300 us, which can correspond to about 4 to 5 OFDM symbols using 15 kHz SCS.

[0157] For example, assuming LEO 600 km, beam size 50 km, and target elevation angle 30 degrees, the difference between the shortest RTT (min TA) and the longest RTT (max TA) is within about 300 μs, which can correspond to about 4 to 5 OFDM symbols with 15 kHz SCS. For example, considering that the TA reporting granularity of NTN is 1 ms (e.g., 14 OFDM symbols using 15 kHz SCS), in the LEO example, the main cause of TA mismatch may be the TA reporting granularity, not the stale TA reports. For example, for LEO 600 km, beam size 50 km, and target elevation angle 30 degrees, the difference between the min TA and the max TA may be less than the TA reporting granularity (e.g., 1 ms). For example, for HD-FDD (e)RedCap UE support, improved TA reporting mechanisms, especially TA reporting granularity issues, may need to be addressed.

[0158] For example, there may be a DL / UL conflict under TA misalignment.

[0159] When comparing the timing advance of NTN and TN due to satellite movement, the timing advance of the service link between the satellite and the UE can be estimated by the UE itself. For example, the gNB can obtain the TA value through TA reporting. However, due to the current 1 ms granularity of TA reporting, the gNB cannot obtain the exact TA used by the UE, and it cannot determine when and which transmissions on the UE side will collide. For example, since the rule for when DL reception collides with UL transmission is to avoid collisions through gNB scheduling, the gNB in ​​the NTN may have difficulty determining whether the UE is in an uplink or downlink slot.

[0160] Meanwhile, the next-generation system may be configured to integrate between terrestrial networks (TNs) and non-terrestrial networks (NTNs). In this situation, the distinction between TNs and NTNs may not be explicit. Meanwhile, if terminals are categorized as TNs or NTNs, or categorized accordingly, optimized operations can be performed for each.

[0161] The combination of various embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied differently depending on the payload type of the satellite (e.g., regenerative payload or transparent payload).

[0162] The combination of various embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied differently depending on the type of non-terrestrial network node (e.g., geostationary earth orbit (GEO), non-geostationary earth orbit (NGEO), low earth orbit (LEO), medium earth orbit (MEO), high altitude satellite platform (HASP), drone) or altitude or fixed beam footprint or cell-moving beam footprint, etc.

[0163] For example, when NTN operation is performed in a TDD band, or when the DL band and the UL band are too close together or when harmonics or inter-modulation cause mutual interference, the NTN node and / or terminal can avoid temporal overlap between DL resources and UL resources.

[0164] For example, when performing NTN operation, the distance between the NTN node and the terminal may increase significantly compared to TN, which may mean that the round trip time (RTT) may increase relatively. For example, when performing TDD configuration, the DL-to-UL gap or the distance from the temporal end of DL resources to the temporal beginning of UL resources or the amount of flexible resources may need to increase.

[0165] For example, depending on the RTT value, the TDD setup period may need to be greater than 20 msec (based on NR), and in the above situation, the period of the (reference or default or actual) synchronization signal and / or PBCH and / or system information signaling may also need to be greater than 20 msec.

[0166] For example, for GEO, the RTT can be between 238.57 msec and 270.54 msec (at an elevation angle of 10 degrees).

[0167] For example, for LEO600, RTT can be from 4 msec to 12.87 msec (at an elevation angle of 10 degrees).

[0168] For example, the TDD configuration period (to support NTN communication) may exceed 20 msec. For example, the TDD configuration period may be a multiple of 20 msec. For example, the TDD configuration period may be a multiple of 160 msec or a divisor and / or multiple of the SIB or MIB transmission period.

[0169] For example, the above RTT value may vary depending on the location of the terminal and / or the movement of the NTN node, and / or the terminal may estimate it based on ephemeris information.

[0170] For example, the base station node and / or NTN node may provide the terminal with information about TDD configuration and / or slot format changes over time.

[0171] For example, the TDD configuration change information may include an increase or decrease in the amount of DL time resources within a TDD configuration period according to a reference time, or maintenance thereof, and / or a change degree (drift) in the change rate of the amount of DL time resources, and / or an increase or decrease in the amount of UL time resources, or maintenance thereof, and / or a change degree (drift) in the change rate of the amount of UL time resources, and / or based on the information, a terminal and / or a base station node may change the amount of DL time resources within a TDD configuration period, or the amount of UL time resources, and / or the amount of flexible resources.

[0172] For example, the reference time may be a TDD configuration period or a multiple of the period, or a slot or symbol. For example, the TDD configuration change may be performed for each TDD configuration period or for each multiple of the period.

[0173] For example, the base station node and / or NTN node may provide or indicate to the UE (in the form of downlink control information) DL time resources and / or UL time resources for all or part of the flexible resources within the TDD configuration period. For example, this may be in the form of a dynamic SFI slot format indication of the group-common DCI.

[0174] For example, the RTT value may be in the case of a regenerative payload, and in the case of a transparent payload, the RTT value may be doubled. For example, in the TDD configuration method, it is possible to avoid the DL resources and UL resources being the same in the time and / or frequency domain or having an interval below a certain level at the base station node and / or terminal and / or ground GW and / or UL synchronization reference point.

[0175] For example, as the TDD configuration period increases and the DL-to-UL gap becomes relatively larger, the time gap between the synchronization signal and / or synchronization block and the corresponding PRACH (signal for terminal network access) resource needs to become larger.

[0176] - For example, the association period for mapping SS / PBCH block index starting from frame 0 and PRACH occasions is one of the sets determined in the PRACH setup cycle. The SS / PBCH block index may be the smallest integer that ensures that the UE maps at least once to a PRACH opportunity within the connection period, where the UE determines this via the ssb-PositionsInBurst value of SIB1 or ServingCellConfigCommon. can be obtained. For example, even after the SS / PBCH block index and PRACH occasions mapping cycle is repeated an integer number of times within the connection period, the PRACH occasions or PRACH preamble set If no SS / PBCH block index is mapped to the PRACH occasions or preamble set, no SS / PBCH block index may be mapped. For example, the connection pattern period may include one or more connection periods, and the pattern between PRACH occasions and SS / PBCH block indices may be determined to repeat at most every 160 ms. For example, PRACH occasions that are not associated with an SS / PBCH block index after an integer number of connection periods have elapsed may not be used for PRACH transmission, if any.

[0177] - For example, in the case of unpaired spectrum,

[0178] - - For example, if tdd-UL-DL-ConfigurationCommon is not provided to the UE, a PRACH opportunity in a PRACH slot is valid if it does not precede an SS / PBCH block within the PRACH slot, starts at least N_gap symbols after the last SS / PBCH block received symbol, where N_gap is provided in Table 3, and if channelAccessMode = "semiStatic" is provided, it does not overlap with a set of consecutive symbols before the start of the next channel occupancy time during which the UE does not transmit.

[0179] - - - For example, the candidate SS / PBCH block index of the SS / PBCH block may correspond to the SS / PBCH block index provided by ssb-PositionsInBurst of SIB1 or ServingCellConfigCommon.

[0180] - For example, if tdd-UL-DL-ConfigurationCommon is provided to the UE, a PRACH opportunity within a PRACH slot may be valid if:

[0181] - - - For example, when it is within the UL symbol, and

[0182] - - - For example, when it does not precede an SS / PBCH block within a PRACH slot, starts at least N_gap symbols after the last downlink symbol and at least N_gap symbols after the last SS / PBCH block symbol, where N_gap is provided in Table 3, and does not overlap with a set of consecutive symbols before the start of the next channel occupancy time during which there should be no transmission, if channelAccessMode = "semiStatic" is provided.

[0183] - - - - For example, the candidate SS / PBCH block index of the SS / PBCH block may correspond to the SS / PBCH block index provided by ssb-PositionsInBurst in SIB1 or ServingCellConfigCommon.

[0184] - For example, for preamble format B4, N_gap = 0.

[0185] - For example, Table 3: N_gap values ​​for different preamble SCS μ.

[0186] Preamble SCSN_gap1.25 kHz or 5 kHz015 kHz or 30 kHz or 60 kHz or 120 kHz2480 kHz8960 kHz16

[0187] For example, the above N_gap value may be excessively small in the NTN communication method.

[0188] In high-frequency bands such as Ku and Ka for non-terrestrial networks (NTNs), the downlink and uplink exist almost adjacently, resulting in mutual interference when high-power random access signals such as PRACH overlap the downlink interval. The round-trip time (RTT) between satellite and terminal varies significantly, from a few milliseconds for low-Earth orbit satellites to hundreds of milliseconds for geostationary satellites, but the current NR standard only defines a fixed N_gap value or a fixed DL-to-UL gap based on the worst-case RTT. This leads to recurring problems such as unnecessarily wide guard intervals being reserved in long RTT intervals or initial access failures in short RTT intervals because the PRACH is outside the base station reception window. Furthermore, the satellite stage sequentially operates multiple beams in a time-division manner due to EIRP and RF circuit constraints, and the TDD period and offset are different for each beam or cell, making it difficult to uniformly align resources for synchronization and PRACH resources. These complex factors simultaneously lead to decreased resource efficiency, increased interference, and decreased connection reliability, and a dynamic and autonomous PRACH validity determination method is required to address these issues.

[0189] For example, in the case of NTN operation, when determining a valid PRACH (initial access signal) resource, the UE may determine the PRACH resource or occasion as valid if the PRACH is present after the last symbol of the SSB (synchronization signal block) by N_gap symbols (or a time interval equivalent thereto) and / or UE-specific TA and / or Common TA and / or a time interval corresponding to all or part of the above (for example, if the PRACH is present after the time interval corresponding to all or part of the above). For example, the SSB may be a resource for synchronization. For example, the SSB and the resources for synchronization may be replaced with each other. FIG. 16 illustrates an example of a resource for random access according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 16 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted. Referring to FIG. 16, for example, resources for random access may exist after a timing advance from resources for synchronization. For example, although not shown in the drawing, resources for random access may exist after a timing advance and the sum of N_gap symbols from resources for synchronization.

[0190] For example, a UE-specific TA may be a TA determined by the UE based on the location of the UE and the location of the NTN node. For example, a UE-specific TA may be based on the location of the UE and the location of the NTN node. For example, a UE-specific TA may be an RTT between the UE and the NTN node. For example, a Common TA may be a TA calculated by the UE based on information provided to the UE by the base station node based on the distance between the NTN node and the UL synchronization reference point. For example, a Common TA may be a TA calculated by the UE based on distance-based information between the NTN node and the UL synchronization reference point. For example, a Common TA may be an RTT between the reference point and the NTN node.

[0191] For example, the number of NTN beams that an NTN node can support simultaneously may be limited due to hardware constraints of the NTN node (e.g., RF circuitry and / or total EIRP, etc.), and thus different NTN beams may be supported in a TDM manner. For example, in the above situation, when applying the TDD configuration to beam footprints or cells, the guard periods and / or DL ​​resources and / or UL resources between beam footprints and / or between cells may not always need to be aligned.

[0192] For example, a base station node may set / indicate to a terminal a start offset for a TDD configuration cycle to which TDD configuration is applied. For example, the start offset may be in units of slots, subframes, frames, and / or symbols. For example, the above method may be used to set a different start point for the TDD configuration cycle depending on the cell or beam footprint supported by the NTN node.

[0193] For example, in the embodiments of the present disclosure, TDD setup and utilization are not limited to TDD bands, and can be extended to FDD bands and / or specific DL bands and / or UL band combinations.

[0194] The combination of embodiments of the present disclosure may operate in conjunction with each other.

[0195] Various embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied differently depending on the link type (DL, UL, SL), and / or the data type (SIB, groupcast, unicast), and / or the search space type in which the scheduling PDCCH is detected (common search space (CSS), UE-specific search space (USS)), and / or the base station node type, and / or the altitude, and / or the presence or absence of power constraints. For example, a combination of various embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied only when related to SIB transmission.

[0196] FIG. 17 illustrates a method for a first device to perform wireless communication, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 17 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0197] Referring to FIG. 17, in step S1710, the first device may acquire resources for synchronization. In step S1720, the first device may acquire timing advance. In step S1730, the first device may perform random access. For example, the resources for the random access may exist after the timing advance from the resources for the synchronization.

[0198] For example, the resource for the synchronization may be a synchronization signal block. For example, the resource for the synchronization and the synchronization signal block may be replaced with each other.

[0199] For example, the resource for the random access may exist after the timing advance from the last symbol of the resource for the synchronization.

[0200] For example, the timing advance may be a UE-specific timing advance.

[0201] For example, the above timing advance may be a common timing advance.

[0202] For example, the timing advance may be a sum of a UE-specific timing advance and a common timing advance.

[0203] For example, the UE-specific timing advance may be obtained based on the location of the first device and the location of a non-terrestrial node. For example, the common timing advance may be obtained based on the distance between the non-terrestrial node and a reference point.

[0204] For example, the resource for the random access may exist after the sum of parameters related to the timing advance and preamble subcarrier spacing from the resource for the synchronization.

[0205] For example, based on the preamble subcarrier spacing being 1.25 kHz or 5 kHz, the parameter related to the preamble subcarrier spacing may be 0.

[0206] For example, based on the preamble subcarrier spacing being 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz, or 120 kHz, the parameter related to the preamble subcarrier spacing may be 2 symbols.

[0207] For example, based on the above preamble subcarrier spacing being 480 kHz, the above parameter related to the preamble subcarrier spacing may be 8 symbols.

[0208] For example, based on the above preamble subcarrier spacing being 960 kHz, the above parameter related to the preamble subcarrier spacing may be 16 symbols.

[0209] For example, based on the first device performing non-terrestrial network communication, the resource for the random access may exist after the timing advance from the resource for the synchronization.

[0210] For example, the resource for synchronization may be received from a second device. For example, the random access may be performed on the second device. For example, the first device may be a terminal. For example, the second device may be a base station or a satellite.

[0211] The proposed method can be applied to devices according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. First, the processor (102) of the first device (100) can cause the first device to obtain resources for synchronization (e.g., and / or control the transceiver (106) to obtain them). Then, the processor (102) of the first device (100) can cause the first device to obtain timing advance (e.g., and / or control the transceiver (106) to obtain them). Then, the processor (102) of the first device (100) can perform random access (e.g., and / or control the transceiver (106) to obtain them). For example, the resources for the random access can exist after the timing advance from the resources for the synchronization.

[0212] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a first device may be provided. For example, the first device may include at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, based on execution by the at least one processor, may cause the first device to: acquire a resource for synchronization; acquire a timing advance; and perform a random access. For example, the resource for the random access may exist after the timing advance from the resource for synchronization.

[0213] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a processing device may be provided. For example, the processing device may include at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, based on execution by the at least one processor, may cause a first device to: acquire a resource for synchronization; acquire a timing advance; and perform a random access. For example, the resource for the random access may exist after the timing advance from the resource for synchronization.

[0214] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having instructions recorded thereon may be provided. For example, the instructions, when executed, may cause a first device to: acquire a resource for synchronization; acquire a timing advance; and perform a random access. For example, the resource for the random access may exist after the timing advance from the resource for synchronization.

[0215] FIG. 18 illustrates a method for a second device to perform wireless communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 18 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0216] Referring to FIG. 18, in step S1810, the second device may transmit resources for synchronization. In step S1820, the second device may perform procedures related to random access. For example, the resources for random access may exist after a timing advance from the resources for synchronization.

[0217] For example, the resource for the synchronization may be a synchronization signal block. For example, the resource for the synchronization and the synchronization signal block may be replaced with each other.

[0218] For example, the resource for the random access may exist after the timing advance from the last symbol of the resource for the synchronization.

[0219] For example, the timing advance may be a UE-specific timing advance.

[0220] For example, the above timing advance may be a common timing advance.

[0221] For example, the timing advance may be a sum of a UE-specific timing advance and a common timing advance.

[0222] For example, the UE-specific timing advance may be obtained based on the location of the terminal and the location of the second device. For example, the common timing advance may be obtained based on the distance between the second device and a reference point.

[0223] For example, the resource for the random access may exist after the sum of parameters related to the timing advance and preamble subcarrier spacing from the resource for the synchronization.

[0224] For example, based on the preamble subcarrier spacing being 1.25 kHz or 5 kHz, the parameter related to the preamble subcarrier spacing may be 0.

[0225] For example, based on the preamble subcarrier spacing being 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz, or 120 kHz, the parameter related to the preamble subcarrier spacing may be 2 symbols.

[0226] For example, based on the above preamble subcarrier spacing being 480 kHz, the above parameter related to the preamble subcarrier spacing may be 8 symbols.

[0227] For example, based on the above preamble subcarrier spacing being 960 kHz, the above parameter related to the preamble subcarrier spacing may be 16 symbols.

[0228] For example, based on the second device performing non-terrestrial network communication, the resource for the random access may exist after the timing advance from the resource for the synchronization.

[0229] For example, the resource for the synchronization may be transmitted to the first device. For example, the procedure related to the random access may be performed with the first device. For example, the first device may be a terminal. For example, the second device may be a base station or a satellite.

[0230] The proposed method can be applied to devices according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. First, the processor (202) of the second device (200) can transmit resources for synchronization (e.g., and / or control the transceiver (106) to transmit them). Then, the processor (202) of the second device (200) can perform procedures related to random access (e.g., and / or control the transceiver (106) to perform them). For example, the resources for the random access can exist after a timing advance from the resources for the synchronization.

[0231] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a second device may be provided. For example, the second device may include at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, based on execution by the at least one processor, may cause the second device to: transmit a resource for synchronization; and perform a procedure related to random access. For example, the resource for random access may be present after a timing advance from the resource for synchronization.

[0232] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a processing device may be provided. For example, the processing device may include at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, based on execution by the at least one processor, may cause a second device to: transmit a resource for synchronization; and perform a procedure related to random access. For example, the resource for random access may exist after a timing advance from the resource for synchronization.

[0233] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions may be provided. For example, the instructions, when executed, may cause a second device to: transmit resources for synchronization; and perform procedures related to random access. For example, the resources for random access may exist after a timing advance from the resources for synchronization.

[0234] The present disclosure fundamentally prevents downlink / uplink overlap and significantly improves the initial random access success rate by defining only the PRACH existing at a position delayed by the timing advance after the last symbol of the resource for synchronization as a valid resource. This eliminates the need for excessive DL-to-UL gap reservations tailored to the worst-case RTT, allowing for flexible reuse of limited satellite power and beam scheduling resources. In addition, since the terminal immediately reflects the TDD period, slot format, and flexible resource information provided by the base station time-varyingly, the optimal transmission time can always be maintained even in time-varying RTT environments such as GEO, NGEO, and LEO. Even if the TDD period start offset is different for each beam or cell, each beam can independently determine the validity of the PRACH based only on the “position delayed by the timing advance after the last symbol of the resource for synchronization” rule, thereby enabling beam-cell asynchronous operation. In addition, since only the validity determination logic is added while maintaining the NR physical layer format, it can be applied without separate waveform changes even when expanding to a 6G integrated network. As a result, the present invention simultaneously achieves interference elimination, resource utilization maximization, power savings, and standard compatibility, thereby realizing stable and efficient random access in an NTN environment.

[0235] The various embodiments of the present disclosure may be combined with each other, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operations of the various embodiments may be omitted.

[0236] The proposed method can be applied to the device described below. First, the processor (202) of the receiving terminal can set at least one partial bandwidth (e.g., BWP; bandwidth part). Then, the processor (202) of the receiving terminal can control the transceiver (206) of the receiving terminal to receive a physical channel related to terminal-to-terminal communication (e.g., SL communication) and / or a reference signal related to terminal-to-terminal communication (e.g., SL communication) from the transmitting terminal on at least one partial bandwidth (e.g., BWP).

[0237] Below, a description is given of devices to which various embodiments of the present disclosure can be applied.

[0238] Although not limited thereto, the various descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document may be applied to various fields requiring wireless communication / connectivity (e.g., 5G) between devices.

[0239] Hereinafter, more specific examples will be provided with reference to the drawings. In the drawings / descriptions below, the same drawing reference numerals may represent identical or corresponding hardware blocks, software blocks, or functional blocks, unless otherwise described.

[0240] FIG. 19 illustrates a communication system (1) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 19 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0241] Referring to FIG. 19, a communication system (1) to which various embodiments of the present disclosure are applied includes a wireless device, a base station, and a network. Here, the wireless device refers to a device that performs communication using a wireless access technology (e.g., 5G NR (New RAT), LTE (Long Term Evolution)) and may be referred to as a communication / wireless / 5G device. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device may include a robot (100a), a vehicle (100b-1, 100b-2), an XR (eXtended Reality) device (100c), a hand-held device (100d), a home appliance (100e), an IoT (Internet of Things) device (100f), and an AI device / server (400). For example, the vehicle may include a vehicle equipped with a wireless communication function, an autonomous vehicle, a vehicle capable of performing vehicle-to-vehicle communication, etc. Here, the vehicle may include an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) (e.g., a drone) and / or an Aerial Vehicle (AV) (e.g., an Advanced Air Mobility (AAM)). The XR device may include an Augmented Reality (AR) / Virtual Reality (VR) / Mixed Reality (MR) device, and may be implemented in the form of a Head-Mounted Device (HMD), a Head-Up Display (HUD) equipped in a vehicle, a television, a smartphone, a computer, a wearable device, a home appliance, a digital signage, a vehicle, a robot, etc. The portable device may include a smartphone, a smart pad, a wearable device (e.g., a smart watch, smart glasses), a computer (e.g., a laptop, etc.), etc. The home appliance may include a TV, a refrigerator, a washing machine, etc. The IoT device may include a sensor, a smart meter, etc. For example, a base station and a network may also be implemented as a wireless device, and a specific wireless device (200a) may operate as a base station / network node to other wireless devices.

[0242] Here, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of the present specification may include not only LTE, NR, and 6G, but also Narrowband Internet of Things for low-power communication. At this time, for example, NB-IoT technology may be an example of LPWAN (Low Power Wide Area Network) technology, and may be implemented with standards such as LTE Cat NB1 and / or LTE Cat NB2, and is not limited to the above-described names. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of the present specification may perform communication based on LTE-M technology. At this time, for example, LTE-M technology may be an example of LPWAN technology, and may be called by various names such as eMTC (enhanced Machine Type Communication). For example, LTE-M technology can be implemented by at least one of various standards such as 1) LTE CAT 0, 2) LTE Cat M1, 3) LTE Cat M2, 4) LTE non-BL (non-Bandwidth Limited), 5) LTE-MTC, 6) LTE Machine Type Communication, and / or 7) LTE M, and is not limited to the above-described names. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of the present specification can include at least one of ZigBee, Bluetooth, and Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) considering low-power communication, and is not limited to the above-described names. For example, ZigBee technology can create personal area networks (PAN) related to small / low-power digital communication based on various standards such as IEEE 802.15.4, and can be called by various names.

[0243] Wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to a network (300) via a base station (200). Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology can be applied to the wireless devices (100a to 100f), and the wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to an AI server (400) via the network (300). The network (300) can be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, a 5G (e.g., NR) network, etc. The wireless devices (100a to 100f) can communicate with each other via the base station (200) / network (300), but can also communicate directly (e.g., sidelink communication) without going through the base station / network. For example, vehicles (100b-1, 100b-2) can communicate directly (e.g., V2V (Vehicle to Vehicle) / V2X (Vehicle to Everything) communication). In addition, IoT devices (e.g., sensors) can communicate directly with other IoT devices (e.g., sensors) or other wireless devices (100a to 100f).

[0244] Wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can be established between wireless devices (100a~100f) / base stations (200), and base stations (200) / base stations (200). Here, wireless communication / connection can be achieved through various wireless access technologies (e.g., 5G NR) such as uplink / downlink communication (150a), sidelink communication (150b) (or, D2D communication), and communication between base stations (150c) (e.g., relay, IAB (Integrated Access Backhaul). Through wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c), wireless devices and base stations / wireless devices, and base stations and base stations can transmit / receive wireless signals to each other. For example, wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can transmit / receive signals through various physical channels. To this end, at least some of various configuration information setting processes for transmitting / receiving wireless signals, various signal processing processes (e.g., channel encoding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, resource mapping / demapping, etc.), and resource allocation processes can be performed based on various proposals of the present disclosure.

[0245] FIG. 20 illustrates a wireless device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 20 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0246] Referring to FIG. 20, the first wireless device (100) and the second wireless device (200) can transmit and receive wireless signals via various wireless access technologies (e.g., LTE, NR). Here, {the first wireless device (100), the second wireless device (200)} can correspond to {the wireless device (100x), the base station (200)} and / or {the wireless device (100x), the wireless device (100x)} of FIG. 19.

[0247] A first wireless device (100) includes one or more processors (102) and one or more memories (104), and may further include one or more transceivers (106) and / or one or more antennas (108). The processor (102) controls the memories (104) and / or the transceivers (106), and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. For example, the processor (102) may process information in the memory (104) to generate first information / signal, and then transmit a wireless signal including the first information / signal via the transceiver (106). Furthermore, the processor (102) may receive a wireless signal including second information / signal via the transceiver (106), and then store information obtained from signal processing of the second information / signal in the memory (104). The memory (104) may be connected to the processor (102) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (102). For example, the memory (104) may perform some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (102), or may store software code including commands for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. Here, the processor (102) and the memory (104) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement a wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). The transceiver (106) may be connected to the processor (102) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals via one or more antennas (108). The transceiver (106) may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver (106) may be used interchangeably with an RF (Radio Frequency) unit. In the present disclosure, a wireless device may also mean a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0248] A second wireless device (200) includes one or more processors (202), one or more memories (204), and may further include one or more transceivers (206) and / or one or more antennas (208). The processor (202) controls the memories (204) and / or the transceivers (206), and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. For example, the processor (202) may process information in the memory (204) to generate third information / signals, and then transmit a wireless signal including the third information / signals via the transceivers (206). In addition, the processor (202) may receive a wireless signal including fourth information / signals via the transceivers (206), and then store information obtained from signal processing of the fourth information / signals in the memory (204). The memory (204) may be connected to the processor (202) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (202). For example, the memory (204) may perform some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (202), or may store software code including commands for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. Here, the processor (202) and the memory (204) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). The transceiver (206) may be connected to the processor (202) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals via one or more antennas (208). The transceiver (206) may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver (206) may be used interchangeably with an RF unit. In the present disclosure, a wireless device may also mean a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0249] Hereinafter, the hardware elements of the wireless device (100, 200) will be described in more detail. Although not limited thereto, one or more protocol layers may be implemented by one or more processors (102, 202). For example, one or more processors (102, 202) may implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, RRC, SDAP). One or more processors (102, 202) may generate one or more Protocol Data Units (PDUs) and / or one or more Service Data Units (SDUs) according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. One or more processors (102, 202) may generate messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. One or more processors (102, 202) can generate signals (e.g., baseband signals) including PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data or information according to the functions, procedures, proposals and / or methods disclosed herein, and provide the signals to one or more transceivers (106, 206). One or more processors (102, 202) can receive signals (e.g., baseband signals) from one or more transceivers (106, 206) and obtain PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein.

[0250] One or more processors (102, 202) may be referred to as a controller, a microcontroller, a microprocessor, or a microcomputer. One or more processors (102, 202) may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. For example, one or more Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), one or more Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), one or more Digital Signal Processing Devices (DSPDs), one or more Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs), or one or more Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) may be included in one or more processors (102, 202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software, and the firmware or software may be implemented to include modules, procedures, functions, etc. The descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software configured to perform one or more processors (102, 202) or stored in one or more memories (104, 204) and executed by one or more processors (102, 202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software in the form of codes, instructions and / or sets of instructions.

[0251] One or more memories (104, 204) may be coupled to one or more processors (102, 202) and may store various forms of data, signals, messages, information, programs, codes, instructions, and / or commands. The one or more memories (104, 204) may be configured as ROM, RAM, EPROM, flash memory, hard drives, registers, cache memory, computer-readable storage media, and / or combinations thereof. The one or more memories (104, 204) may be located internally and / or externally to the one or more processors (102, 202). Additionally, the one or more memories (104, 204) may be coupled to the one or more processors (102, 202) via various technologies, such as wired or wireless connections.

[0252] One or more transceivers (106, 206) can transmit user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as mentioned in the methods and / or flowcharts of this document, to one or more other devices. One or more transceivers (106, 206) can receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or flowcharts of this document, from one or more other devices. For example, one or more transceivers (106, 206) can be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) and can transmit and receive wireless signals. For example, one or more processors (102, 202) can control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to transmit user data, control information, or wireless signals to one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more processors (102, 202) may control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to receive user data, control information, or wireless signals from one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be coupled to one or more antennas (108, 208), and one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, or the like, as referred to in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein, via one or more antennas (108, 208). In this document, one or more antennas may be multiple physical antennas or multiple logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). One or more transceivers (106, 206) can convert received user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. from RF band signals to baseband signals in order to process the received user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. using one or more processors (102, 202).One or more transceivers (106, 206) may convert user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. processed by one or more processors (102, 202) from baseband signals to RF band signals. For this purpose, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may include an (analog) oscillator and / or filter.

[0253] FIG. 21 illustrates a signal processing circuit for a transmission signal according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 21 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0254] Referring to FIG. 21, the signal processing circuit (1000) may include a scrambler (1010), a modulator (1020), a layer mapper (1030), a precoder (1040), a resource mapper (1050), and a signal generator (1060). Although not limited thereto, the operations / functions of FIG. 21 may be performed in the processor (102, 202) and / or the transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 20. The hardware elements of FIG. 21 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) and / or the transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 20. For example, blocks 1010 to 1060 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) of FIG. 20. Additionally, blocks 1010 to 1050 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) of FIG. 20, and block 1060 may be implemented in the transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 20.

[0255] The codeword can be converted into a wireless signal through the signal processing circuit (1000) of FIG. 21. Here, the codeword is an encoded bit sequence of an information block. The information block may include a transport block (e.g., an UL-SCH transport block, a DL-SCH transport block). The wireless signal may be transmitted through various physical channels (e.g., a PUSCH or a PDSCH).

[0256] Specifically, the codeword can be converted into a bit sequence scrambled by a scrambler (1010). The scramble sequence used for scrambling is generated based on an initialization value, and the initialization value may include ID information of the wireless device, etc. The scrambled bit sequence can be modulated into a modulation symbol sequence by a modulator (1020). The modulation method may include pi / 2-BPSK (pi / 2-Binary Phase Shift Keying), m-PSK (m-Phase Shift Keying), m-QAM (m-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation), etc. The complex modulation symbol sequence can be mapped to one or more transmission layers by a layer mapper (1030). The modulation symbols of each transmission layer can be mapped to the corresponding antenna port(s) by a precoder (1040) (precoding). The output z of the precoder (1040) can be obtained by multiplying the output y of the layer mapper (1030) by a precoding matrix W of N*M. Here, N is the number of antenna ports, and M is the number of transmission layers. Here, the precoder (1040) can perform precoding after performing transform precoding (e.g., DFT transform) on complex modulation symbols. In addition, the precoder (1040) can perform precoding without performing transform precoding.

[0257] The resource mapper (1050) can map modulation symbols of each antenna port to time-frequency resources. The time-frequency resources can include multiple symbols (e.g., CP-OFDMA symbols, DFT-s-OFDMA symbols) in the time domain and multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. The signal generator (1060) generates a wireless signal from the mapped modulation symbols, and the generated wireless signal can be transmitted to another device through each antenna. To this end, the signal generator (1060) can include an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) module, a Cyclic Prefix (CP) inserter, a Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC), a frequency uplink converter, etc.

[0258] The signal processing process for receiving signals in a wireless device can be configured in reverse order of the signal processing process (1010 to 1060) of FIG. 21. For example, a wireless device (e.g., 100, 200 of FIG. 20) can receive wireless signals from the outside through an antenna port / transceiver. The received wireless signals can be converted into baseband signals through a signal restorer. For this purpose, the signal restorer can include a frequency downlink converter, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), a CP remover, and a fast Fourier transform (FFT) module. Thereafter, the baseband signal can be restored to a codeword through a resource demapper process, a postcoding process, a demodulation process, and a descrambling process. The codewords can be restored to the original information blocks through decoding. Accordingly, a signal processing circuit (not shown) for a received signal may include a signal restorer, a resource de-mapper, a postcoder, a demodulator, a de-scrambler, and a decoder.

[0259] Figure 22 illustrates a wireless device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The wireless device may be implemented in various forms depending on the use case / service (see Figure 19). The embodiment of Figure 22 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0260] Referring to FIG. 22, the wireless device (100, 200) corresponds to the wireless device (100, 200) of FIG. 20 and may be composed of various elements, components, units / units, and / or modules. For example, the wireless device (100, 200) may include a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a memory unit (130), and an additional element (140). The communication unit may include a communication circuit (112) and a transceiver(s) (114). For example, the communication circuit (112) may include one or more processors (102, 202) and / or one or more memories (104, 204) of FIG. 20. For example, the transceiver(s) (114) may include one or more transceivers (106, 206) and / or one or more antennas (108, 208) of FIG. 20. The control unit (120) is electrically connected to the communication unit (110), the memory unit (130), and the additional elements (140) and controls the overall operation of the wireless device. For example, the control unit (120) may control the electrical / mechanical operation of the wireless device based on the program / code / command / information stored in the memory unit (130). In addition, the control unit (120) may transmit information stored in the memory unit (130) to an external device (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless / wired interface through the communication unit (110), or store information received from an external device (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless / wired interface in the memory unit (130).

[0261] The additional element (140) may be configured in various ways depending on the type of the wireless device. For example, the additional element (140) may include at least one of a power unit / battery, an input / output unit (I / O unit), a driving unit, and a computing unit. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device may be implemented in the form of a robot (Fig. 19, 100a), a vehicle (Fig. 19, 100b-1, 100b-2), an XR device (Fig. 19, 100c), a portable device (Fig. 19, 100d), a home appliance (Fig. 19, 100e), an IoT device (Fig. 19, 100f), a digital broadcasting terminal, a hologram device, a public safety device, an MTC device, a medical device, a fintech device (or a financial device), a security device, a climate / environmental device, an AI server / device (Fig. 19, 400), a base station (Fig. 19, 200), a network node, etc. Wireless devices may be mobile or stationary depending on the use / service.

[0262] In FIG. 22, various elements, components, units / parts, and / or modules within the wireless device (100, 200) may be entirely interconnected via a wired interface, or at least some may be wirelessly connected via a communication unit (110). For example, within the wireless device (100, 200), the control unit (120) and the communication unit (110) may be wired, and the control unit (120) and the first unit (e.g., 130, 140) may be wirelessly connected via the communication unit (110). In addition, each element, component, unit / part, and / or module within the wireless device (100, 200) may further include one or more elements. For example, the control unit (120) may be composed of one or more processor sets. For example, the control unit (120) may be composed of a set of a communication control processor, an application processor, an electronic control unit (ECU), a graphics processing processor, a memory control processor, etc. As another example, the memory unit (130) may be composed of a random access memory (RAM), a dynamic RAM (DRAM), a read only memory (ROM), a flash memory, a volatile memory, a non-volatile memory, and / or a combination thereof.

[0263] Below, the implementation example of Fig. 22 is described in more detail with reference to the drawings.

[0264] FIG. 23 illustrates a mobile device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The mobile device may include a smartphone, a smart pad, a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch, smartglasses), or a portable computer (e.g., a laptop, etc.). The mobile device may be referred to as a Mobile Station (MS), a User Terminal (UT), a Mobile Subscriber Station (MSS), a Subscriber Station (SS), an Advanced Mobile Station (AMS), or a Wireless Terminal (WT). The embodiment of FIG. 23 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0265] Referring to FIG. 23, the portable device (100) may include an antenna unit (108), a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a memory unit (130), a power supply unit (140a), an interface unit (140b), and an input / output unit (140c). The antenna unit (108) may be configured as a part of the communication unit (110). Blocks 110 to 130 / 140a to 140c correspond to blocks 110 to 130 / 140 of FIG. 22, respectively.

[0266] The communication unit (110) can transmit and receive signals (e.g., data, control signals, etc.) with other wireless devices and base stations. The control unit (120) can control components of the mobile device (100) to perform various operations. The control unit (120) can include an AP (Application Processor). The memory unit (130) can store data / parameters / programs / codes / commands required for operating the mobile device (100). In addition, the memory unit (130) can store input / output data / information, etc. The power supply unit (140a) supplies power to the mobile device (100) and can include a wired / wireless charging circuit, a battery, etc. The interface unit (140b) can support connection between the mobile device (100) and other external devices. The interface unit (140b) can include various ports (e.g., audio input / output ports, video input / output ports) for connection with external devices. The input / output unit (140c) can input or output video information / signals, audio information / signals, data, and / or information input from a user. The input / output unit (140c) may include a camera, a microphone, a user input unit, a display unit (140d), a speaker, and / or a haptic module.

[0267] For example, in the case of data communication, the input / output unit (140c) obtains information / signals (e.g., touch, text, voice, image, video) input by the user, and the obtained information / signals can be stored in the memory unit (130). The communication unit (110) converts the information / signals stored in the memory into wireless signals, and can directly transmit the converted wireless signals to other wireless devices or to a base station. In addition, the communication unit (110) can receive wireless signals from other wireless devices or base stations, and then restore the received wireless signals to the original information / signals. The restored information / signals can be stored in the memory unit (130) and then output in various forms (e.g., text, voice, image, video, haptic) through the input / output unit (140c).

Claims

1. In the method, A step in which a first device acquires resources for synchronization; The first device, a step of obtaining timing advance; and The first device comprises a step of performing random access; A method wherein the resource for the random access exists after the timing advance from the resource for the synchronization.

2. In paragraph 1, A method wherein the resource for the above synchronization is a synchronization signal block.

3. In paragraph 1, A method wherein the resource for the random access exists after the timing advance from the last symbol of the resource for the synchronization.

4. In paragraph 1, The above timing advance is a UE-specific timing advance.

5. In paragraph 1, The above timing advance is a common timing advance.

6. In paragraph 1, The above timing advance is a method that is a sum of a UE-specific timing advance and a common timing advance.

7. In paragraph 6, The UE-specific timing advance is obtained based on the location of the first device and the location of the non-terrestrial node, and A method wherein the above common timing advance is obtained based on the distance between the non-ground node and the reference point.

8. In paragraph 1, A method wherein the resource for the random access exists after the sum of the parameters related to the timing advance and preamble subcarrier spacing from the resource for the synchronization.

9. In paragraph 8, A method wherein the parameter related to the preamble subcarrier spacing is 0, based on the preamble subcarrier spacing being 1.25 kHz or 5 kHz.

10. In paragraph 8, A method wherein the parameter related to the preamble subcarrier spacing is 2 symbols, based on the preamble subcarrier spacing being 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz, or 120 kHz.

11. In paragraph 8, A method wherein the parameter related to the preamble subcarrier spacing is 8 symbols, based on the above preamble subcarrier spacing being 480 kHz.

12. In paragraph 8, A method wherein the parameter related to the preamble subcarrier spacing is 16 symbols, based on the above preamble subcarrier spacing being 960 kHz.

13. In paragraph 1, A method wherein the first device performs non-terrestrial network communication, wherein the resource for the random access exists after the timing advance from the resource for the synchronization.

14. In paragraph 1, The above resources for the above synchronization are received from a second device, The above random access is performed to the second device, The above first device is a terminal, and The method wherein the second device is a base station or a satellite.

15. In the first device, At least one transmitter / receiver; at least one processor; and At least one memory connected to said at least one processor and storing instructions, said instructions being executed by said at least one processor, wherein said first device causes: Acquire resources for synchronization; to gain timing advance; and Let random access be performed, A first device, wherein the resource for the random access exists after the timing advance from the resource for the synchronization.

16. In the processing device, at least one processor; and At least one memory connected to said at least one processor and storing instructions, said instructions being executed by said at least one processor, wherein said first device causes: Acquire resources for synchronization; to gain timing advance; and Let random access be performed, A processing device wherein the resources for the random access exist after the timing advance from the resources for the synchronization.

17. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that records commands, The above commands, when executed, cause the first device to: Acquire resources for synchronization; to gain timing advance; and Let random access be performed, A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, wherein the resource for the random access exists after the timing advance from the resource for the synchronization.

18. In the method, A step in which the second device transmits resources for synchronization; The second device comprises a step of performing a procedure related to random access; A method wherein the resource for the random access exists after a timing advance from the resource for the synchronization.

19. In the second device, At least one transmitter / receiver; at least one processor; and At least one memory connected to said at least one processor and storing instructions, said instructions being executed by said at least one processor, wherein said second device causes: Transfer resources for synchronization; Perform procedures related to random access, A second device, wherein the resource for the random access exists after a timing advance from the resource for the synchronization.

20. In the processing device, at least one processor; and At least one memory connected to said at least one processor and storing instructions, said instructions being executed by said at least one processor, wherein said second device causes: Transfer resources for synchronization; Perform procedures related to random access, A processing device wherein the resources for the random access exist after a timing advance from the resources for the synchronization.

21. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that records commands, The above commands, when executed, cause the second device to: Transfer resources for synchronization; Perform procedures related to random access, A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, wherein the resource for the random access exists after a timing advance from the resource for the synchronization.

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