Human antibodies to crimean congo hemorrhagic fever virus

Abstract

The present disclosure is directed to antibodies binding to and neutralizing Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus and methods for use thereof.

Description

[0001] DESCRIPTION HUMAN ANTIBODIES TO CRIMEAN CONGO HEMORRHAGIC FEVER VIRUS PRIORITY CLAIM This application claims benefit of priority to U.S. Provisional Application Serial No. 63 / 681,325, filed August 9, 2024, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference. REFERENCE TO A SEQUENCE LISTING This application contains a Sequence Listing XML, which has been submitted electronically and is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. Said Sequence Listing XML, created on August 8, 2025, is named VBLTP0349WO.xml and is 106,983 bytes in size. BACKGROUND 1. Field of the Disclosure The present disclosure relates generally to the fields of medicine, infectious disease, and immunology. More particular, the disclosure relates to human antibodies binding to Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus. 2. Background Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is an emerging arbovirus and zoonotic threat to human health with epidemic potential (Bente et al., 2013). CCHFV was first identified in the Crimean Peninsula in 1944 and in the Belgian Congo (Republic of the Congo) in 1956 (Bente et al., 2013) and is now present in diverse geographical regions. CCHFV has been detected in the Balkans, Turkey, in other countries around the Mediterranean Sea, in the northwestern region of China, central Asia, Africa, the Middle East and India (CDC, 2013). The virus is typically transmitted by Ixodid (hard) ticks (most commonly, Hyalomma spp.). Many domesticated animals, including goats, sheep, and cattle can amplify the virus (CDC, 2013). While human-to-human transmission has been documented, humans are more often infected by contact with ticks or animal blood or animal by-products (CDC, 2013; Ergonul, 2006; Tsergouli et al., 2020). When infected, humans can present with sudden onset symptoms including headache, high fever, stomach pain, and vomiting. Disease progression may include progressive coagulopathy, skin petechiae, and changes in mood or sensory perception. In more 1 4910-1025-8522, v.1 severe cases, extensive coalescing hemorrhagic manifestations in the skin and bleeding defects can occur and persist for weeks. Fatality rates range from 9% to 50%, depending on the strain and the local capacity to confirm the specific cause of hemorrhagic illnesses (CDC, 2013). Concern over epidemic outbreaks has increased with the onset of climate change leading to expanded vector prevalence. As the habitable zones of the vectors increase, the virus has been detected in new regions, including as far north as Spain (Negredo et al., 2017). This trend of geographic spread is likely to continue if the climate continues to warm (Ergonul, 2006). Given the increasingly high mortality rate, spread to new regions, and potential to be leveraged as a bioterrorism agent, the W.H.O. has designated CCHFV as a priority pathogen for urgent research and therapeutic development (W.H.O., 2018). CCHFV, a member of the Orthonairovirus genus in the Nairoviridae family of the Bunyavirales order (Maes et al., 2019; Gholizadeh et al., 2022), has a tripartite RNA genome containing large (L), medium (M), and small (S) gene segments. Sequences in the M segment encode for the viral envelope glycoproteins (Gn [for the amino-terminal glycoprotein], Gc [for the carboxy-terminal glycoprotein]. GP38 [a glycosylated viral protein with a molecular weight of approximately 38 kDa], GP85 [a glycosylated viral protein with a molecular weight of approximately 85 kDa], and GP160 [a glycosylated viral protein with a molecular weight of approximately 160 kDa]) (Bente et al., 2013; Gholizadeh et al., 2022). The genomes of CCHF strains are diverse. For example, regarding the M segment, the amino acid sequences of 13 different strains isolated in diverse geographic and temporal settings differ by 27% (Deyde et al., 2006). Gc and Gn are the two glycoproteins on the viral surface and are formed from a precursor molecule that is cleaved by host proteases (Guardado-Calvo and Rey, 2017; Vincent et al., 2003). The Gc / Gn glycoproteins allow for viral attachment, entry, fusion at low pH, and assembly (Suda et al., 2014; Gholizadeh et al., 2022; Garrison et al., 2013; Freitas et al., 2020). CCHFV Gc is a class II fusion protein that trimerizes to initiate fusion between host and viral membranes (Mishra et al., 2021). Little is known regarding the function of CCHFV Gn and the accessory proteins encoded by the M segment, but it has been speculated that Gn may act as a cap to prevent premature exposure of the Gc protein, as in related viruses (Halldroson, et al., 2018). A third protein, GP38, is derived from the pre-Gn precursor. GP38 has been observed in a secreted form and on the cell and viral surface (Golden et al., 2019). GP38 also plays a role in Gc trafficking and packaging the virus (Freitas et al., 2020). More recently, however, 24910-1025-8522, v. 1 GP38 was suggested to have toxin-like activity by inducing endothelial barrier dysfunction and vascular leak (Pahmeier, et al., 2024). It has proven difficult for investigators to isolate potently neutralizing human mAbs to bunyavirus Gc glycoprotein. In some cases, such as for Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), Gc- specific antibodies mediate only partial in vivo protection at best (Zivcec et al., 2017; Chapman et al., 2021; Wang et al., 2019, Fels et al., 2021). Similar phenotypes have been noted in studies of a panel of Gc-specific murine mAbs (Golden et al., 2019; Zivcec et al., 2017; Zivcec et al., 2015). Data from murine and nonhuman primate experimental vaccine trials show that high serum neutralizing antibody titers do not associate with protection following immunization with protein (Gc and Gn) subunit or DNA-based candidate vaccines, respectively (Kortekaas et al., 2015; Hawman et al., 2020). In contrast, animals that possess high levels of non- neutralizing serum antibodies recognizing GP38 or nucleocapsid protein (NP) exhibit protection (Garrison et al., 2017; Suschak et al., 2021; Leventhal et al., 2022; Sorvillo, et al., 2024). 34910-1025-8522, v. 1 SUMMARY Thus, in accordance with the present disclosure, a method of detecting a Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus infection in a subject comprising (a) contacting a sample from said subject with an antibody or antibody fragment having clone-paired heavy and light chain CDR sequences from Tables 3 and 4, respectively; and (b) detecting Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus in said sample by binding of said antibody or antibody fragment to a Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus antigen in said sample. The sample may be a body fluid, such as blood, sputum, tears, saliva, mucous or serum, semen, cervical or vaginal secretions, amniotic fluid, placental tissues, urine, exudate, transudate, tissue scrapings or feces. Detection may comprise ELISA, RIA, lateral flow assay or western blot. The method may further comprise performing steps (a) and (b) a second time and determining a change in Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus antigen levels as compared to the first assay. The antibody or antibody fragment may be encoded by clone-paired variable sequences as set forth in Table 1, may be encoded by light and heavy chain variable sequences having 70%, 80%, or 90% identity to clone-paired variable sequences as set forth in Table 1, or may be encoded by light and heavy chain variable sequences having 95% identity to clone-paired sequences as set forth in Table 1. The antibody or antibody fragment may comprise light and heavy chain variable sequences according to clone-paired sequences from Table 2, may comprise light and heavy chain variable sequences having 70%, 80% or 90% identity to clone- paired sequences from Table 2, or may comprise light and heavy chain variable sequences having 95% identity to clone-paired sequences from Table 2. The antibody fragment may be a recombinant scFv (single chain fragment variable) antibody, Fab fragment, F(ab′)2fragment, or Fv fragment. In another embodiment, there is provided a method of treating a subject infected with Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus or reducing the likelihood of infection of a subject at risk of contracting Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus, comprising delivering to said subject an antibody or antibody fragment having clone-paired heavy and light chain CDR sequences from Tables 3 and 4, respectively. The antibody or antibody fragment may be encoded by clone-paired variable sequences as set forth in Table 1, may be encoded by light and heavy chain variable sequences having 70%, 80%, or 90% identity to clone-paired variable sequences as set forth in Table 1, or may be encoded by light and heavy chain variable sequences having 95% identity to clone-paired sequences as set forth in Table 1. The antibody or antibody fragment may comprise light and heavy chain variable sequences according to 44910-1025-8522, v. 1 clone-paired sequences from Table 2, may comprise light and heavy chain variable sequences having 70%, 80% or 90% identity to clone-paired sequences from Table 2, or may comprise light and heavy chain variable sequences having 95% identity to clone-paired sequences from Table 2. The antibody may be a chimeric antibody or a bispecific antibody, or wherein the antibody fragment is a recombinant scFv (single chain fragment variable) antibody, Fab fragment, F(ab′)2 fragment, or Fv fragment. The antibody may be an IgG, or a recombinant IgG antibody or antibody fragment comprising an Fc portion mutated to alter (eliminate or enhance) FcR interactions, to increase half-life and / or increase therapeutic efficacy, such as a LALA, LALA PG, N297, GASD / ALIE, DHS, YTE or LS mutation or glycan modified to alter (eliminate or enhance) FcR interactions such as enzymatic or chemical addition or removal of glycans or expression in a cell line engineered with a defined glycosylating pattern. The antibody or antibody fragment may be administered prior to infection or after infection. The subject may be a pregnant female, a sexually active female, or a female undergoing fertility treatments. Delivering may comprise antibody or antibody fragment administration, or genetic delivery with an RNA or DNA sequence or vector encoding the antibody or antibody fragment. In yet another embodiment, there is provided a monoclonal antibody, wherein the antibody or antibody fragment is characterized by clone-paired heavy and light chain CDR sequences from Tables 3 and 4, respectively. The antibody or antibody fragment may be encoded by clone-paired variable sequences as set forth in Table 1, may be encoded by light and heavy chain variable sequences having 70%, 80%, or 90% identity to clone-paired variable sequences as set forth in Table 1, or may be encoded by light and heavy chain variable sequences having 95% identity to clone-paired sequences as set forth in Table 1. The antibody or antibody fragment may comprise light and heavy chain variable sequences according to clone-paired sequences from Table 2, may comprise light and heavy chain variable sequences having 70%, 80% or 90% identity to clone-paired sequences from Table 2, or may comprise light and heavy chain variable sequences having 95% identity to clone-paired sequences from Table 2. The antibody may be a chimeric antibody or a bispecific antibody, or wherein the antibody fragment is a recombinant scFv (single chain fragment variable) antibody, Fab fragment, F(ab′)2fragment, or Fv fragment. The antibody may be an IgG, or a recombinant IgG antibody or antibody fragment comprising an Fc portion mutated to alter (eliminate or 54910-1025-8522, v. 1 enhance) FcR interactions, to increase half-life and / or increase therapeutic efficacy, such as a LALA, LALA PG, N297, GASD / ALIE, DHS, YTE or LS mutation or glycan modified to alter (eliminate or enhance) FcR interactions such as enzymatic or chemical addition or removal of glycans or expression in a cell line engineered with a defined glycosylating pattern. The antibody may be a chimeric antibody, or is bispecific antibody, or wherein said antibody or antibody fragment further comprises a cell penetrating peptide and / or is an intrabody. The monoclonal antibody or antibody fragment may further comprise a domain that facilitates transfer across the blood brain barrier by binding to a transport molecule, thereby facilitating transport into the brain. The transport molecule may be transferrin receptor, heparin-binding EGF, a scavenger receptor AI or BI, EGF receptor, tumor necrosis factor, insulin or insulin-like growth factor receptor, apolipoprotein E receptor 2, leptin receptor, melanotransferrin receptor, or LDL receptor. The domain may be a peptide or an scFv (single chain fragment variable) antibody, Fab fragment, F(ab′)2 fragment, Fv fragment, single domain antibody (nanobody) or wherein said domain is a distinct binding specificity as part of a chimeric or bispecific antibody structure. These may further comprise a domain that facilitates transfer across a mucosal surface, such as the respiratory tract barrier, by binding to a transport molecule, thereby facilitating transport across the mucosal surface. In still yet another embodiment, there is provided a hybridoma or engineered cell encoding an antibody or antibody fragment wherein the antibody or antibody fragment is characterized by clone-paired heavy and light chain CDR sequences from Tables 3 and 4, respectively. The antibody or antibody fragment may be encoded by clone-paired variable sequences as set forth in Table 1, may be encoded by light and heavy chain variable sequences having 70%, 80%, or 90% identity to clone-paired variable sequences as set forth in Table 1, or may be encoded by light and heavy chain variable sequences having 95% identity to clone- paired sequences as set forth in Table 1. The antibody or antibody fragment may comprise light and heavy chain variable sequences according to clone-paired sequences from Table 2, may comprise light and heavy chain variable sequences having 70%, 80% or 90% identity to clone-paired sequences from Table 2, or may comprise light and heavy chain variable sequences having 95% identity to clone-paired sequences from Table 2. The antibody may be a chimeric antibody or a bispecific antibody, or wherein the antibody fragment is a recombinant scFv (single chain fragment variable) antibody, Fab fragment, F(ab′)2fragment, or Fv fragment. The antibody may be an IgG, or a recombinant IgG antibody or antibody fragment comprising an Fc portion mutated to alter (eliminate or 64910-1025-8522, v. 1 enhance) FcR interactions, to increase half-life and / or increase therapeutic efficacy, such as a LALA, LALA PG, N297, GASD / ALIE, DHS, YTE or LS mutation or glycan modified to alter (eliminate or enhance) FcR interactions such as enzymatic or chemical addition or removal of glycans or expression in a cell line engineered with a defined glycosylating pattern. The antibody may be a chimeric antibody, or is bispecific antibody, or wherein said antibody or antibody fragment further comprises a cell penetrating peptide and / or is an intrabody. In a further embodiment, there is provided a vaccine formulation comprising one or more antibodies or antibody fragments characterized by clone-paired heavy and light chain CDR sequences from Tables 3 and 4, respectively. The antibody or antibody fragment may be encoded by clone-paired variable sequences as set forth in Table 1, may be encoded by light and heavy chain variable sequences having 70%, 80%, or 90% identity to clone-paired variable sequences as set forth in Table 1, or may be encoded by light and heavy chain variable sequences having 95% identity to clone-paired sequences as set forth in Table 1. The antibody or antibody fragment may comprise light and heavy chain variable sequences according to clone-paired sequences from Table 2, may comprise light and heavy chain variable sequences having 70%, 80% or 90% identity to clone-paired sequences from Table 2, or may comprise light and heavy chain variable sequences having 95% identity to clone-paired sequences from Table 2. The antibody may be a chimeric antibody or a bispecific antibody, or wherein the antibody fragment is a recombinant scFv (single chain fragment variable) antibody, Fab fragment, F(ab′)2fragment, or Fv fragment. The antibody may be an IgG, or a recombinant IgG antibody or antibody fragment comprising an Fc portion mutated to alter (eliminate or enhance) FcR interactions, to increase half-life and / or increase therapeutic efficacy, such as a LALA, LALA PG, N297, GASD / ALIE, DHS, YTE or LS mutation or glycan modified to alter (eliminate or enhance) FcR interactions such as enzymatic or chemical addition or removal of glycans or expression in a cell line engineered with a defined glycosylating pattern. The antibody may be a chimeric antibody, or is bispecific antibody, or wherein said antibody or antibody fragment further comprises a cell penetrating peptide and / or is an intrabody. In yet a further embodiment there is provided a vaccine formulation comprising one or more expression vectors encoding a first antibody or antibody fragment as defined above. The expression vector(s) may be Sindbis virus or VEE vector(s). The vaccine may be formulated for delivery by needle injection, jet injection, or electroporation. The vaccine formulation may 74910-1025-8522, v. 1 further comprise one or more expression vectors encoding for a second antibody or antibody fragment, such as a distinct antibody or antibody fragment of claims 26-34. In still yet a further embodiment, there is provided a method of protecting the health of a placenta and / or fetus of a pregnant a subject infected with or at risk of infection with a Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus comprising delivering to said subject an antibody or antibody fragment having clone-paired heavy and light chain CDR sequences from Tables 3 and 4, respectively. The antibody or antibody fragment may be encoded by clone-paired variable sequences as set forth in Table 1, may be encoded by light and heavy chain variable sequences having 70%, 80%, or 90% identity to clone-paired variable sequences as set forth in Table 1, or may be encoded by light and heavy chain variable sequences having 95% identity to clone-paired sequences as set forth in Table 1. The antibody or antibody fragment may comprise light and heavy chain variable sequences according to clone-paired sequences from Table 2, may comprise light and heavy chain variable sequences having 70%, 80% or 90% identity to clone- paired sequences from Table 2, or may comprise light and heavy chain variable sequences having 95% identity to clone-paired sequences from Table 2. The antibody may be a chimeric antibody or a bispecific antibody, or wherein the antibody fragment is a recombinant scFv (single chain fragment variable) antibody, Fab fragment, F(ab′)2fragment, or Fv fragment. The antibody may be an IgG, or a recombinant IgG antibody or antibody fragment comprising an Fc portion mutated to alter (eliminate or enhance) FcR interactions, to increase half-life and / or increase therapeutic efficacy, such as a LALA, LALA PG, N297, GASD / ALIE, DHS, YTE or LS mutation or glycan modified to alter (eliminate or enhance) FcR interactions such as enzymatic or chemical addition or removal of glycans or expression in a cell line engineered with a defined glycosylating pattern. The antibody may be a chimeric antibody, or is bispecific antibody, or wherein said antibody or antibody fragment further comprises a cell penetrating peptide and / or is an intrabody. The antibody or antibody fragment may be administered prior to infection or after infection. The subject may be a pregnant female, a sexually active female, or a female undergoing fertility treatments. Delivering may comprise antibody or antibody fragment administration, or genetic delivery with an RNA or DNA sequence or vector encoding the antibody or antibody fragment. The antibody or antibody fragment may increase the size of the placenta as compared to an untreated control. The antibody or antibody fragment may reduce viral load and / or pathology of the fetus as compared to an untreated control. 84910-1025-8522, v. 1 In an additional embodiment, there is provided a method of determining the antigenic integrity, correct conformation and / or correct sequence of a Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus antigen comprising (a) contacting a sample comprising said antigen with a first antibody or antibody fragment having clone-paired heavy and light chain CDR sequences from Tables 3 and 4, respectively; and (b) determining antigenic integrity, correct conformation and / or correct sequence of said antigen by detectable binding of said first antibody or antibody fragment to said antigen. The sample may comprise recombinantly produced antigen, or a vaccine formulation or vaccine production batch. Detection may comprise ELISA, RIA, western blot, a biosensor using surface plasmon resonance or biolayer interferometry, or flow cytometric staining. The first antibody or antibody fragment may be encoded by clone-paired variable sequences as set forth in Table 1, may be encoded by light and heavy chain variable sequences having 70%, 80%, or 90% identity to clone-paired variable sequences as set forth in Table 1, or may be encoded by light and heavy chain variable sequences having 95% identity to clone- paired sequences as set forth in Table 1. The first antibody or antibody fragment may comprise light and heavy chain variable sequences according to clone-paired sequences from Table 2, may comprise light and heavy chain variable sequences having 70%, 80% or 90% identity to clone-paired sequences from Table 2, or may comprise light and heavy chain variable sequences having 95% identity to clone-paired sequences from Table 2. The first antibody fragment may be a recombinant scFv (single chain fragment variable) antibody, Fab fragment, F(ab′)2fragment, or Fv fragment. The method may further comprise performing steps (a) and (b) a second time to determine the antigenic stability of the antigen over time. The method may further comprise (c) contacting a sample comprising said antigen with a second antibody or antibody fragment having clone-paired heavy and light chain CDR sequences from Tables 3 and 4, respectively; and (d) determining antigenic integrity of said antigen by detectable binding of said second antibody or antibody fragment to said antigen. The second antibody or antibody fragment may be encoded by clone-paired variable sequences as set forth in Table 1, may be encoded by light and heavy chain variable sequences having 70%, 80%, or 90% identity to clone-paired variable sequences as set forth in Table 1, or may be encoded by light and heavy chain variable sequences having 95% identity to clone-paired sequences as set forth in Table 1. The second antibody or antibody fragment may comprise light and heavy chain variable sequences according to clone-paired sequences from Table 2, may comprise light and heavy chain variable sequences having 70%, 80% or 90% identity to 94910-1025-8522, v. 1 clone-paired sequences from Table 2, or may comprise light and heavy chain variable sequences having 95% identity to clone-paired sequences from Table 2. The second antibody fragment may be a recombinant scFv (single chain fragment variable) antibody, Fab fragment, F(ab′)2fragment, or Fv fragment. The method may further comprise performing steps (c) and (d) a second time to determine the antigenic stability of the antigen over time. The use of the word “a” or “an” when used in conjunction with the term “comprising” in the claims and / or the specification may mean “one,” but it is also consistent with the meaning of “one or more,” “at least one,” and “one or more than one.” The word “about” means plus or minus 5% of the stated number. It is contemplated that any method or composition described herein can be implemented with respect to any other method or composition described herein. Other objects, features and advantages of the present disclosure will become apparent from the following detailed description. It should be understood, however, that the detailed description and the specific examples, while indicating specific embodiments of the disclosure, are given by way of illustration only, since various changes and modifications within the spirit and scope of the disclosure will become apparent to those skilled in the art from this detailed description. 104910-1025-8522, v. 1 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The following drawings form part of the present specification and are included to further demonstrate certain aspects of the present disclosure. The disclosure may be better understood by reference to one or more of these drawings in combination with the detailed description of specific embodiments presented herein. FIG. 1. Diverse antibody V gene usages from a human survivor of Crimean- Congo Hemorrhagic Fever virus. A panel of 66 mAbs was isolated from a survivor of CCHFV using the hybridoma method. Histogram plots showing the relative abundance of human germline heavy and light V genes inferred from IMGT analysis are shown of antibodies within the inventors’ panel from one human survivor. FIG. 2. Competition assessment of human antibodies to CCHFV using M- segment expressing cells. The inventors tested 28 mAbs in competition-binding assays. The mAbs are displayed in eight groups (designated A through H) based on their ability to compete for binding with each other. The values shown are the percentage of binding that occurred during competition compared to non-competed binding of the mAb. This value was normalized to 100%. The values are also indicated by the box fill color; darker colors toward black indicate higher competition and lighter colors toward white indicate less competition, on a gradient scale. Values shown are the average of two biologically independent experiments with triplicate values in each experiment. FIGS. 3A-B. CCHFV-specific mAbs bind cells expressing the M-segment of various strains of CCHFV with varying capacities and neutralize tecVLPs expressing Gc / Gn from various strains of CCHFV. (FIG. 3A) A binding titration was performed with suspension cells expressing the M-segment of various strains of CCHFV. The assay was performed in biological triplicate with technical duplicates. (FIG. 3B) A neutralization assay was performed with tecVLPs on BHK21-T7 cells with mAbs that bound to either Gc or GP38. Hybridoma-derived mAbs were prepared and diluted serially before mixing with ~5,000 luciferase units of tecVLP. After 1 h incubation at 37°C, the mixture was added to a BHK21-T7 cell monolayer, and cells were allowed to incubate prior to lysis and processing. The assay was performed in biological triplicate and technical duplicates with mAb RVFV-268 included as the mAb negative control. Data were analyzed using a sigmoidal, 4PL nonlinear fit analysis in Prism software version 9 (GraphPad). 114910-1025-8522, v. 1 FIG. 4. preGn binding antibodies do not neutralize wild-type Turkey 200406546 strain of CCHFV. The panel of preGn binding antibodies were serially diluted and tested against the Turkey 2004 strain of CCHFV in a BSL-4 neutralization assay. Briefly, antibody and virus were premixed and then added to a SW-13 monolayer then overlayed with 1.25% Avicel and incubated for 4 days. Cells were fixed in formalin, stained with 1% crystal violet, and enumerated. Data are presented as mean values + / - SD representing duplicate values from a single experiment. IC50 values were calculated using a three-parameter nonlinear fit in Prism software version 9 (GraphPad). FIG. 5. PreGn-identifying antibodies bind to preGn-expressing cells. PreGn binding antibodies were titrated and further assessed for their capacity to bind preGn- expressing cells. MAbs were serially titrated and allowed to incubate on preGn transiently expressing cells before washing and adding PE-conjugated secondary. Secondary was washed, and cells were resuspended to analyze on an iQue flow cytometer. Binding to transfected cells was observed relative to un-transfected cells, and data are presented as mean values + / - SD and represent duplicate values from each of three independent experiments. IC50 values were calculated using a 4-parameter sigmoidal fit in Prism software version 9 (GraphPad). FIG. 6. PreGn-identifying antibodies compete with reference mouse monoclonal antibodies to GP38 and other preGn binding human antibodies. PreGn binding antibodies were added to preGn expressing cells at saturating concentrations (20 µg / mL) for 30 mins. Alexa Fluor 647 conjugated mouse or human antibodies were then added to cells at 5 µg / mL without a prior wash step. Cells were washed and immediately processed on an iQue flow cytometer. The values shown are the percentage of binding that occurred during competition compared to non-competed binding of the mAb. This value was normalized to 100%. The values are also indicated by the dotted lines; above 40% indicated no competition, between 40-20% indicated partial competition, and below 20% indicated competition. Values shown are from two independent experiments with three replicates. Error bars represent mean values + / - SD. FIGS. 7A-B. CCHF-82 provides partial protection as a post exposure prophylaxis against the Turkish strain of CCHFV in the STAT-1 KO mouse model. (FIG.7A) Prophylaxis study, MAbs were administered once by the IP route to STAT1 KO mice (n=8 CCHF-82 treated animals, n=4 control animals). Animals were challenged 24 hours later with 100 plaque forming units (PFUs) of CCHFV Turkey- 124910-1025-8522, v. 1 2004 isolate. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were statistically analyzed using a log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test where treated animals (P values shown in respective figure) were compared to animals treated negative control animals. Weight graphs reflect group means and standard error of the means of the percent change in weight of animals relative to the weight the day of virus challenge. P values for each condition tested compared to the control group using a Log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test. (FIG. 7B) Post- exposure prophylaxis study, A single dose of mAb was administered by the IP route to STAT1 KO mice (n=6 per group (3 male, 3 female)) at 30 min post infections. 100 PFUs of Turkey 2004 isolate of CCHFV virus was administered IP route. CCHF-23, CCHF-135, CCHF-65, CCHF-82, CCHF-79, or DENV-2D22 (an isotype-matched negative control mAb) were tested in a single dose of 250 µg per mouse except for CCHFV-135 at 125 µg per mouse. In weight and temperature curves, results from male mice are designated with circles and from female mice with squares. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were statistically analyzed using a log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test where mAb-treated animals (P value shown in figure) were compared to animals treated with the DENV-2D22 negative control mAb using Prism 9 software (GraphPad). FIG. 8. Subcomponent of the panel of human monoclonal antibodies that recognize the Gc glycoprotein. Human antibodies were incubated with cells transiently expressing either full length M-segment or Gc of the IbAr10200 strain of CCHFV and compared to untransfected cells. Data represents three independent experiments with three replicates each. Error bars represent mean + / - SD and P values are shown for each condition vs untransfected cells. FIG. 9. Subcomponent of the panel of human monoclonal antibodies that recognize the preGn glycoprotein precursor. Human antibodies were incubated with cells transiently expressing either full length M-segment or Gc of the IbAr10200 strain of CCHFV and compared to untransfected cells. Data represents three independent experiments with three replicates each. Error bars represent mean + / - SD and P values are shown for each condition vs untransfected cells. FIG. 10. Human antibodies derived from the hybridoma process from a survivor of CCHFV infection bind to M-segment transfected cells. A panel of human monoclonal antibodies were titrated on M-segment expressing cells. Assay was performed in biological triplicate and technical duplicates. Data were analyzed using a 134910-1025-8522, v. 1 sigmoidal, 4PL nonlinear fit analysis in Prism software version 9 (GraphPad). Error bars represent mean + / - SEM. FIGS. 11A-B. Four-point concentration neutralization using the CCHFV panel isolated herein with the CCHFV tecVLP encoding the IbAr10200 GPC. (FIG. 11A) CCHFV-specific mAbs were diluted to 100, 20, 4, and 0.8 µg / mL with tecVLP. The mixture was added to BHK-21 T7 cells and processed as described in methodology. RVFV-296 was used as the negative control. Percent infection is graded on a color scale as represented to the side of the table with the white boxes representing >270% infection relative to no antibody control. (FIG. 11B) Heatmap representing the SD of each antibody and concentration in concordance with FIG.11A. The black and white scale table represents the SD values to enhance visual representation. FIG.12. CCHFV antibodies neutralize authentic IbAr10200 strain of CCHFV. CCHFV-specific mAbs were serially titrated and mixed with authentic CCHFV IbAr10200 strain. Antibody and virus mixture was added to SW-13 cells. Plaques were counted and percent neutralization was reported relative to no antibody control. Assay was performed once with technical duplicates. FIG. 13. Further titration of most neutralizing antibodies against CCHFV identified in the inventors’ panel against tecVLP strains Sudan and IbAr10200. The most potently neutralizing antibodies were serially titrated and mixed with 5000 luciferase units of tecVLP from with GPC expressing the Sudan or IbAr10200 strain before being added to BHK21-T7 cells and allowed to incubate for 24 hours. The assay was performed once with technical duplicate values. Values were normalized relative to no antibody control. Data were analyzed using a sigmoidal, 4PL nonlinear fit analysis in Prism software version 9 (GraphPad). FIGS. 14A-B. Clinical scores of animals after challenge from Turkey 2004 strain of CCHFV with antibody as prophylactic or post exposure treatments. Animals were observed on designated days during the course of their respective studies. Animals were clinically scored a value of 1 through 5. The clinical definition of each number can be found in the methods. (FIG.14A) Clinical score from the prophylactic study with CCHF-82 against the Turkish strain of CCHF. (FIG. 14B) Clinical score from the post-exposure study with 5 human antibodies against the Turkish strain of CCHF. 144910-1025-8522, v. 1 FIG.15. Serum binding to Gn from survivors of CCHFV infection is rare but observable in select survivors. Briefly serum was serially diluted in PBS and added to ELISA plates precoated overnight with Gn recombinant protein. Antibody was washed and secondary antibody was added. Secondary was washed off and TMB substrate was added and allowed to develop before reading at 450 nm on a plate reader. Data represents two independent experiments with three replicates each. Data were analyzed using a three-parameter nonlinear fit analysis in Prism software version 9 (GraphPad). Error bars represent mean + / - SEM. 154910-1025-8522, v. 1 DESCRIPTION OF ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENTS As discussed above, there remains a need for reagents to diagnose and treat Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus infections. Here, the inventors characterized the B cell response to CCHFV infection in an individual who was infected in a healthcare setting to investigate the diversity of antibody genes induced by CCHFV infection and the mechanisms of antibody-mediated protection. The inventors found most of the memory B cells induced by infection in this individual bound to Gc or GP38. The inventors did not identify any human mAbs to Gn, indicating the frequency of Gn-reactive B cells following infection is low. Antibodies recognizing complex quaternary epitopes on bunyaviruses can exhibit exceptional potency, for example the RVFV human mAb RVFV-140 with a neutralizing half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 1.1 to 13 ng / mL (Chapman, et al., 2021). Here the inventors did not identify any antibodies that bind to such complex quaternary epitopes, despite using Gc / Gn / GP38 antigens on a cell-surface display system. The inventors also did not identify Gn-specific antibodies from this individual. Most of the CCHFV Gc-specific antibodies the inventors isolated neutralized virus only weakly and provided no protection against heterologous challenge. The inventors did identify a GP38-specific antibody (designated CCHF-82) that provided some protection when administered as pre- or post- exposure prophylaxis in a lethal mouse model of infection. These results agree with those of some previous studies (Fels, et al., 2021, Durie, et al., 2022, Golden et al., 2019; Bertolotti- Ciarlet et al., 2005). The protective human GP38-specific mAb competed for binding to GP38 with a previously isolated murine mAb 13G8, suggesting that they recognize a common protective major antigenic site. The inventors ultimately observed diverse genetic antibody heavy and light chain gene usages in a single individual soon after recovery from disease. These and other aspects of the disclosure are described in detail below. I. Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus The Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever orthonairovirus (CCHFV) is a member of the genus Orthonairovirus, family Nairoviridae of RNA viruses. The virions are 80–120 nanometers (nm) in diameter and are pleomorphic. There are no host ribosomes within the virion. Each virion contains three copies of the genome. The envelope is single layered and is formed from a lipid bilayer 5 nm thick. It has no protrusions. The envelope proteins form small projections ~5–10 nm long. The nucleocapsids are filamentous and circular with a length of 200–3,000 nm. The virus might enter a cell using the cell surface protein nucleolin. 164910-1025-8522, v. 1 The genome is circular, negative sense RNA in three parts – Small (S), Medium (M) and Large (L). The L segment is 11–14.4 kilobases in length while the M and S segments are 4.4–6.3 and 1.7–2.1 kilobases long respectively. The L segment encodes the RNA polymerase, the M segment encodes the envelope glycoproteins (Gc and Gn), and the S segment encodes the nucleocapsid protein. The mutation rates for the three parts of the genome were estimated to be: 1.09 × 10−4, 1.52 × 10−4and 0.58 × 10−4substitutions / site / year for the S, M, and L segments respectively. CCHFV is the most genetically diverse of the arboviruses: Its nucleotide sequences frequently differ between different strains, ranging from a 20% variability for the viral S segment to 31% for the M segment. Viruses with diverse sequences can be found within the same geographic area; closely related viruses have been isolated from widely separated regions, suggesting that viral dispersion has occurred possibly by ticks carried on migratory birds or through international livestock trade. Reassortment among genome segments during coinfection of ticks or vertebrates seems likely to have played a role in generating diversity in this virus. Based on the sequence data, seven genotypes of CCHFV have been recognized: Africa 1 (Senegal), Africa 2 (Democratic Republic of the Congo and South Africa), Africa 3 (southern and western Africa), Europe 1 (Albania, Bulgaria, Kosovo, Russia and Turkey), Europe 2 (Greece), Asia 1 (the Middle East, Iran and Pakistan) and Asia 2 (China, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan). Ticks are both "environmental reservoir" and vector for the virus, carrying it from wild animals to domestic animals and humans. Tick species identified as infected with the virus include Argas reflexus, Hyalomma anatolicum, Hyalomma detritum, Hyalomma marginatum marginatum and Rhipicephalus sanguineus. At least 31 different species of ticks from the genera Haemaphysalis and Hyalomma in southeastern Iran have been found to carry the virus. Wild animals and small mammals, particularly European hare, Middle-African hedgehogs and multimammate rats are the "amplifying hosts" of the virus. Birds are generally resistant to CCHF, with the exception of ostriches. Domestic animals like sheep, goats and cattle can develop high titers of virus in their blood but tend not to fall ill. The "sporadic infection" of humans is usually caused by a Hyalomma tick bite. Animals can transmit the virus to humans, but this would usually be as part of a disease cluster. When clusters of illness occur, it is typically after people treat, butcher or eat infected livestock, particularly ruminants and ostriches. Outbreaks have occurred in abattoirs and other places 174910-1025-8522, v. 1 where workers have been exposed to infected human or animal blood and fomites. Humans can infect humans and outbreaks also occur in clinical facilities through infected blood and unclean medical instruments. Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a significant disease with a wide range of symptoms including fever, muscle pains, headache, vomiting, diarrhea, and bleeding into the skin. Onset of symptoms is less than two weeks following exposure. Complications may include liver failure. In those who survive, recovery generally occurs around two weeks after onset. The CCHF virus is typically spread by tick bites or contact with livestock carrying the disease. Those affected are often farmers or work in slaughterhouses. The virus can also spread between people via body fluids. Diagnosis is by detecting antibodies, the virus's RNA, or the virus itself. It is a type of viral hemorrhagic fever. Prevention involves avoiding tick bites. A vaccine is not commercially available. Treatment is typically with supportive care. The medication ribavirin may also help. CCHF occurs in Africa, the Balkans, the Middle East, and Asia. Often it occurs in outbreaks. In 2013 Iran, Russia, Turkey, and Uzbekistan documented more than fifty cases. The risk of death among those affected is between 10 and 40%. It was first detected in the 1940s. The illness in humans is a severe form of hemorrhagic fever. Typically, after a 1–3 day incubation period following a tick bite or 5–6 days after exposure to infected blood or tissues, flu-like symptoms appear, which may resolve after one week. In up to 75% of cases, signs of bleeding can appear within 3–5 days of the onset of illness in case of bad containment of the first symptoms: mood instability, agitation, mental confusion and throat petechiae; and soon after nosebleeds, vomiting, and black stools. The liver becomes swollen and painful. Disseminated intravascular coagulation may occur, as well as acute kidney failure, shock, and sometimes acute respiratory distress syndrome. People usually begin to recover 9–10 days after first symptoms appear. Up to 30% of infected people die by the end of the second week of illness. Where mammalian tick infection is common, agricultural regulations require de-ticking farm animals before transportation or delivery for slaughter. Personal tick avoidance measures are recommended, such as use of insect repellents, adequate clothing, and body inspection for adherent ticks. When feverish patients with evidence of bleeding require resuscitation or intensive care, body substance isolation precautions should be taken. 184910-1025-8522, v. 1 CCHD occurs most frequently among agricultural workers, following the bite of an infected tick, and to a lesser extent among slaughterhouse workers exposed to the blood and tissues of infected livestock, and medical personnel through contact with the body fluids of infected persons. As of 2013, the northern limit of CCHF has been 50 degrees northern latitude, north of which the Hyalomma ticks have not been found. Per a WHO map from 2008, Hyalomma ticks occurred south of this latitude across all of the Eurasian continent and Africa, sparing only the islands of Sri Lanka, Indonesia and Japan. Serological or virological evidence of CCHF was widespread in Asia, Eastern Europe, the Middle East (except Israel, Lebanon and Jordan), central Africa, Western Africa, South Africa and Madagascar. In 2008, more than 50 cases / year were reported from only 4 countries: Turkey, Iran, Russia and Uzbekistan. 5-49 cases / year were present in South Africa, Central Asia including Pakistan and Afghanistan (but sparing Turkmenistan), in the Middle East only the UAE and the Balkan countries limited to Romania, Bulgaria, Serbia, Montenegro and Kosovo-Albania. A 2014 map by the CDC shows endemic areas largely unchanged in Africa and the Middle East, but different for the Balkan, including all countries of the former Yugoslavia, and also Greece, but no longer Romania. India´s Northwestern regions of Rajastan and Gujarat saw their first cases. From 1995 to 2013, 228 cases of CCHF were reported in the Republic of Kosovo, with a case-fatality rate of 25.5%. Between 2002–2008 the Ministry of Health of Turkey reported 3,128 CCHF cases, with a 5% death rate. In July 2005, authorities reported 41 cases of CCHF in central Turkey's Yozgat Province, with one death. As of August 2008, a total of 50 deaths were reported for the year thus far in various cities in Turkey due to CCHF. Other outbreaks occurred in 2010 and 2016 (Pakistan), 2011, 2013 and 2015 (India), 2012 (Afghanistan), 2013 (Uganda), 2014 (Kazakhstan), and 2016 (Spain). II. Monoclonal Antibodies and Production Thereof An "isolated antibody" is one that has been separated and / or recovered from a component of its natural environment. Contaminant components of its natural environment are materials that would interfere with diagnostic or therapeutic uses for the antibody, and may include enzymes, hormones, and other proteinaceous or non-proteinaceous solutes. In particular embodiments, the antibody is purified: (1) to greater than 95% by weight of antibody as determined by the Lowry method, and most particularly more than 99% by weight; (2) to a 194910-1025-8522, v. 1 degree sufficient to obtain at least 15 residues of N-terminal or internal amino acid sequence by use of a spinning cup sequenator; or (3) to homogeneity by SDS-PAGE under reducing or non-reducing conditions using Coomassie blue or silver stain. Isolated antibody includes the antibody in situ within recombinant cells since at least one component of the antibody's natural environment will not be present. Ordinarily, however, isolated antibody will be prepared by at least one purification step. The basic four-chain antibody unit is a heterotetrameric glycoprotein composed of two identical light (L) chains and two identical heavy (H) chains. An IgM antibody consists of 5 basic heterotetramer units along with an additional polypeptide called J chain, and therefore contain 10 antigen binding sites, while secreted IgA antibodies can polymerize to form polyvalent assemblages comprising 2-5 of the basic 4-chain units along with J chain. In the case of IgGs, the 4-chain unit is generally about 150,000 daltons. Each L chain is linked to an H chain by one covalent disulfide bond, while the two H chains are linked to each other by one or more disulfide bonds depending on the H chain isotype. Each H and L chain also has regularly spaced intrachain disulfide bridges. Each H chain has at the N-terminus, a variable region (VH) followed by three constant domains (CH) for each of the alpha and gamma chains and four CHdomains for mu and isotypes. Each L chain has at the N-terminus, a variable region (VL) followed by a constant domain (CL) at its other end. The VL is aligned with the VH and the CLis aligned with the first constant domain of the heavy chain (CH1). Particular amino acid residues are believed to form an interface between the light chain and heavy chain variable regions. The pairing of a VHand VLtogether forms a single antigen-binding site. For the structure and properties of the different classes of antibodies, see, e.g., Basic and Clinical Immunology, 8th edition, Daniel P. Stites, Abba I. Terr and Tristram G. Parslow (eds.), Appleton & Lange, Norwalk, Conn., 1994, page 71, and Chapter 6. The L chain from any vertebrate species can be assigned to one of two clearly distinct types, called kappa and lambda based on the amino acid sequences of their constant domains (CL). Depending on the amino acid sequence of the constant domain of their heavy chains (CH), immunoglobulins can be assigned to different classes or isotypes. There are five classes of immunoglobulins: IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, and IgM, having heavy chains designated alpha, delta, epsilon, gamma and mu, respectively. They gamma and alpha classes are further divided into subclasses on the basis of relatively minor differences in CH sequence and function, humans express the following subclasses: IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, IgA1, and IgA2. 204910-1025-8522, v. 1 The term "variable" refers to the fact that certain segments of the V domains differ extensively in sequence among antibodies. The V domain mediates antigen binding and defines specificity of a particular antibody for its particular antigen. However, the variability is not evenly distributed across the 110-amino acid span of the variable regions. Instead, the V regions consist of relatively invariant stretches called framework regions (FRs) of 15-30 amino acids separated by shorter regions of extreme variability called "hypervariable regions" that are each 9-12 amino acids long. The variable regions of native heavy and light chains each comprise four FRs, largely adopting a beta-sheet configuration, connected by three hypervariable regions, which form loops connecting, and in some cases forming part of, the beta-sheet structure. The hypervariable regions in each chain are held together in close proximity by the FRs and, with the hypervariable regions from the other chain, contribute to the formation of the antigen-binding site of antibodies (see Kabat et al., Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest, 5th Ed. Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md. (1991)). The constant domains are not involved directly in binding an antibody to an antigen, but exhibit various effector functions, such as participation of the antibody in antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP), antibody-dependent neutrophil phagocytosis (ADNP), and antibody-dependent complement deposition (ADCD). The term "hypervariable region" when used herein refers to the amino acid residues of an antibody that are responsible for antigen binding. The hypervariable region generally comprises amino acid residues from a "complementarity determining region" or "CDR" (e.g., around about residues 24-34 (L1), 50-56 (L2) and 89-97 (L3) in the VL, and around about 31- 35 (H1), 50-65 (H2) and 95-102 (H3) in the VHwhen numbered in accordance with the Kabat numbering system; Kabat et al., Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest, 5th Ed. Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md. (1991)); and / or those residues from a "hypervariable loop" (e.g., residues 24-34 (L1), 50-56 (L2) and 89-97 (L3) in the VL, and 26-32 (H1), 52-56 (H2) and 95-101 (H3) in the VH when numbered in accordance with the Chothia numbering system; Chothia and Lesk, J. Mol. Biol. 196:901-917 (1987)); and / or those residues from a "hypervariable loop" / CDR (e.g., residues 27-38 (L1), 56-65 (L2) and 105-120 (L3) in the VL, and 27-38 (H1), 56-65 (H2) and 105-120 (H3) in the VHwhen numbered in accordance with the IMGT numbering system; Lefranc, M. P. et al. Nucl. Acids Res. 27:209-212 (1999), Ruiz, M. et al. Nucl. Acids Res. 28:219-221 (2000)). Optionally the antibody has symmetrical insertions at one or more of the following points 28, 36 (L1), 63, 74- 214910-1025-8522, v. 1 75 (L2) and 123 (L3) in the VL, and 28, 36 (H1), 63, 74-75 (H2) and 123 (H3) in the VsubH when numbered in accordance with AHo; Honneger, A. and Plunkthun, A. J. Mol. Biol. 309:657-670 (2001)). By "germline nucleic acid residue" is meant the nucleic acid residue that naturally occurs in a germline gene encoding a constant or variable region. "Germline gene" is the DNA found in a germ cell (i.e., a cell destined to become an egg or in the sperm). A "germline mutation" refers to a heritable change in a particular DNA that has occurred in a germ cell or the zygote at the single-cell stage, and when transmitted to offspring, such a mutation is incorporated in every cell of the body. A germline mutation is in contrast to a somatic mutation which is acquired in a single body cell. In some cases, nucleotides in a germline DNA sequence encoding for a variable region are mutated (i.e., a somatic mutation) and replaced with a different nucleotide. The term "monoclonal antibody" as used herein refers to an antibody obtained from a population of substantially homogeneous antibodies, i.e., the individual antibodies comprising the population are identical except for possible naturally occurring mutations that may be present in minor amounts. Monoclonal antibodies are highly specific, being directed against a single antigenic site. Furthermore, in contrast to polyclonal antibody preparations that include different antibodies directed against different determinants (epitopes), each monoclonal antibody is directed against a single determinant on the antigen. In addition to their specificity, the monoclonal antibodies are advantageous in that they may be synthesized uncontaminated by other antibodies. The modifier "monoclonal" is not to be construed as requiring production of the antibody by any particular method. For example, the monoclonal antibodies useful in the present disclosure may be prepared by the hybridoma methodology first described by Kohler et al., Nature, 256:495 (1975), or may be made using recombinant DNA methods in bacterial, eukaryotic animal or plant cells (see, e.g., U.S. Patent 4,816,567) after single cell sorting of an antigen specific B cell, an antigen specific plasmablast responding to an infection or immunization, or capture of linked heavy and light chains from single cells in a bulk sorted antigen specific collection. The "monoclonal antibodies" may also be isolated from phage antibody libraries using the techniques described in Clackson et al., Nature, 352:624-628 (1991) and Marks et al., J. Mol. Biol., 222:581-597 (1991), for example. A. General methods It will be understood that monoclonal antibodies binding to bunyaviruses will have several applications. These include the production of diagnostic kits for use in detecting and 224910-1025-8522, v. 1 diagnosing Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus infection, as well as for treating the same. In these contexts, one may link such antibodies to diagnostic or therapeutic agents, use them as capture agents or competitors in competitive assays, or use them individually without additional agents being attached thereto. The antibodies may be mutated or modified, as discussed further below. Methods for preparing and characterizing antibodies are well known in the art (see, e.g., Antibodies: A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1988; U.S. Patent 4,196,265). The methods for generating monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) generally begin along the same lines as those for preparing polyclonal antibodies. The first step for both these methods is immunization of an appropriate host or identification of subjects who are immune due to prior natural infection or vaccination with a licensed or experimental vaccine. As is well known in the art, a given composition for immunization may vary in its immunogenicity. It is often necessary therefore to boost the host immune system, as may be achieved by coupling a peptide or polypeptide immunogen to a carrier. Exemplary and preferred carriers are keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) and bovine serum albumin (BSA). Other albumins such as ovalbumin, mouse serum albumin or rabbit serum albumin can also be used as carriers. Means for conjugating a polypeptide to a carrier protein are well known in the art and include glutaraldehyde, m-maleimidobencoyl-N-hydroxysuccinimide ester, carbodiimyde and bis- biazotized benzidine. As also is well known in the art, the immunogenicity of a particular immunogen composition can be enhanced by the use of non-specific stimulators of the immune response, known as adjuvants. Exemplary and preferred adjuvants in animals include complete Freund’s adjuvant (a non-specific stimulator of the immune response containing killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis), incomplete Freund’s adjuvants and aluminum hydroxide adjuvant and in humans include alum, CpG, MFP59 and combinations of immunostimulatory molecules (“Adjuvant Systems”, such as AS01 or AS03). Additional experimental forms of inoculation to induce Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus-specific B cells is possible, including nanoparticle vaccines, or gene-encoded antigens delivered as DNA or RNA genes in a physical delivery system (such as lipid nanoparticle or on a gold biolistic bead), and delivered with needle, gene gun, transcutaneous electroporation device. The antigen gene also can be carried as encoded by a replication competent or defective viral vector such as adenovirus, adeno-associated virus, poxvirus, or herpesvirus, or alternatively a virus like particle. In the case of human antibodies against natural pathogens, a suitable approach is to identify subjects that have been exposed to the pathogens, such as those who have been 234910-1025-8522, v. 1 diagnosed as having contracted the disease, or those who have been vaccinated to generate protective immunity against the pathogen or to test the safety or efficacy of an experimental vaccine. Circulating anti-pathogen antibodies can be detected, and antibody encoding or producing B cells from the antibody-positive subject may then be obtained. The amount of immunogen composition used in the production of polyclonal antibodies varies upon the nature of the immunogen as well as the animal used for immunization. A variety of routes can be used to administer the immunogen (subcutaneous, intramuscular, intradermal, intravenous and intraperitoneal). The production of polyclonal antibodies may be monitored by sampling blood of the immunized animal at various points following immunization. A second, booster injection, also may be given. The process of boosting and titering is repeated until a suitable titer is achieved. When a desired level of immunogenicity is obtained, the immunized animal can be bled and the serum isolated and stored, and / or the animal can be used to generate MAbs. Following immunization, somatic cells with the potential for producing antibodies, specifically B lymphocytes (B cells), are selected for use in the mAb generating protocol. These cells may be obtained from biopsied spleens, lymph nodes, tonsils or adenoids, bone marrow aspirates or biopsies, tissue biopsies from mucosal organs like lung or GI tract, or from circulating blood. The antibody-producing B lymphocytes from the immunized animal or immune human are then fused with cells of an immortal myeloma cell, generally one of the same species as the animal that was immunized or human or human / mouse chimeric cells. Myeloma cell lines suited for use in hybridoma-producing fusion procedures preferably are non-antibody-producing, have high fusion efficiency, and enzyme deficiencies that render then incapable of growing in certain selective media which support the growth of only the desired fused cells (hybridomas). Any one of a number of myeloma cells may be used, as are known to those of skill in the art (Goding, pp. 65-66, 1986; Campbell, pp. 75-83, 1984). HMMA2.5 cells or MFP-2 cells are particularly useful examples of such cells. Methods for generating hybrids of antibody-producing spleen or lymph node cells and myeloma cells usually comprise mixing somatic cells with myeloma cells in a 2:1 proportion, though the proportion may vary from about 20:1 to about 1:1, respectively, in the presence of an agent or agents (chemical or electrical) that promote the fusion of cell membranes. In some cases, transformation of human B cells with Epstein Barr virus (EBV) as an initial step increases the size of the B cells, enhancing fusion with the relatively large-sized myeloma cells. Transformation efficiency by EBV is enhanced by using CpG and a Chk2 inhibitor drug in the 244910-1025-8522, v. 1 transforming medium. Alternatively, human B cells can be activated by co-culture with transfected cell lines expressing CD40 Ligand (CD154) in medium containing additional soluble factors, such as IL-21 and human B cell Activating Factor (BAFF), a Type II member of the TNF superfamily. Fusion methods using Sendai virus have been described by Kohler and Milstein (1975; 1976), and those using polyethylene glycol (PEG), such as 37% (v / v) PEG, by Gefter et al. (1977). The use of electrically induced fusion methods also is appropriate (Goding, pp.71-74, 1986) and there are processes for better efficiency (Yu et al., 2008). Fusion procedures usually produce viable hybrids at low frequencies, about 1 x 10-6to 1 x 10-8, but with optimized procedures one can achieve fusion efficiencies close to 1 in 200 (Yu et al., 2008). However, relatively low efficiency of fusion does not pose a problem, as the viable, fused hybrids are differentiated from the parental, infused cells (particularly the infused myeloma cells that would normally continue to divide indefinitely) by culturing in a selective medium. The selective medium is generally one that contains an agent that blocks the de novo synthesis of nucleotides in the tissue culture medium. Exemplary and preferred agents are aminopterin, methotrexate, and azaserine. Aminopterin and methotrexate block de novo synthesis of both purines and pyrimidines, whereas azaserine blocks only purine synthesis. Where aminopterin or methotrexate is used, the medium is supplemented with hypoxanthine and thymidine as a source of nucleotides (HAT medium). Where azaserine is used, the medium is supplemented with hypoxanthine. Ouabain is added if the B cell source is an EBV- transformed human B cell line, in order to eliminate EBV-transformed lines that have not fused to the myeloma. The preferred selection medium is HAT or HAT with ouabain. Only cells capable of operating nucleotide salvage pathways are able to survive in HAT medium. The myeloma cells are defective in key enzymes of the salvage pathway, e.g., hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT), and they cannot survive. The B cells can operate this pathway, but they have a limited life span in culture and generally die within about two weeks. Therefore, the only cells that can survive in the selective medium are those hybrids formed from myeloma and B cells. When the source of B cells used for fusion is a line of EBV-transformed B cells, as here, ouabain may also be used for drug selection of hybrids as EBV-transformed B cells are susceptible to drug killing, whereas the myeloma partner used is chosen to be ouabain resistant. Culturing provides a population of hybridomas from which specific hybridomas are selected. Typically, selection of hybridomas is performed by culturing the cells by single-clone 254910-1025-8522, v. 1 dilution in microtiter plates, followed by testing the individual clonal supernatants (after about two to three weeks) for the desired reactivity. The assay should be sensitive, simple and rapid, such as radioimmunoassays, enzyme immunoassays, cytotoxicity assays, plaque assays dot immunobinding assays, and the like. The selected hybridomas then are diluted serially or single-cell sorted by flow cytometric sorting and cloned into individual antibody-producing cell lines, which clones can then be propagated indefinitely to provide mAbs. The cell lines may be exploited for MAb production in two basic ways. A sample of the hybridoma can be injected (often into the peritoneal cavity) into an animal (e.g., a mouse). Optionally, the animals are primed with a hydrocarbon, especially oils such as pristane (tetramethylpentadecane) prior to injection. When human hybridomas are used in this way, it is optimal to inject immunocompromised mice, such as SCID mice, to prevent tumor rejection. The injected animal develops tumors secreting the specific monoclonal antibody produced by the fused cell hybrid. The body fluids of the animal, such as serum or ascites fluid, can then be tapped to provide mAbs in high concentration. The individual cell lines could also be cultured in vitro, where the mAbs are naturally secreted into the culture medium from which they can be readily obtained in high concentrations. Alternatively, human hybridoma cells lines can be used in vitro to produce immunoglobulins in cell supernatant. The cell lines can be adapted for growth in serum-free medium to optimize the ability to recover human monoclonal immunoglobulins of high purity. MAbs produced by either means may be further purified, if desired, using filtration, centrifugation and various chromatographic methods such as FPLC or affinity chromatography. Fragments of the monoclonal antibodies of the disclosure can be obtained from the purified monoclonal antibodies by methods which include digestion with enzymes, such as pepsin or papain, and / or by cleavage of disulfide bonds by chemical reduction. Alternatively, monoclonal antibody fragments encompassed by the present disclosure can be synthesized using an automated peptide synthesizer. It also is contemplated that a molecular cloning approach may be used to generate monoclonal antibodies. Single B cells labelled with the antigen of interest can be sorted physically using paramagnetic bead selection or flow cytometric sorting, then RNA can be isolated from the single cells and antibody genes amplified by RT-PCR. Alternatively, antigen- specific bulk sorted populations of cells can be segregated into microvesicles and the matched heavy and light chain variable genes recovered from single cells using physical linkage of heavy and light chain amplicons, or common barcoding of heavy and light chain genes from a 264910-1025-8522, v. 1 vesicle. Matched heavy and light chain genes form single cells also can be obtained from populations of antigen specific B cells by treating cells with cell-penetrating nanoparticles bearing RT-PCR primers and barcodes for marking transcripts with one barcode per cell. The antibody variable genes also can be isolated by RNA extraction of a hybridoma line and the antibody genes obtained by RT-PCR and cloned into an immunoglobulin expression vector. Alternatively, combinatorial immunoglobulin phagemid libraries are prepared from RNA isolated from the cell lines and phagemids expressing appropriate antibodies are selected by panning using viral antigens. The advantages of this approach over conventional hybridoma techniques are that approximately 104times as many antibodies can be produced and screened in a single round, and that new specificities are generated by H and L chain combination which further increases the chance of finding appropriate antibodies. Other U.S. patents, each incorporated herein by reference, that teach the production of antibodies useful in the present disclosure include U.S. Patent 5,565,332, which describes the production of chimeric antibodies using a combinatorial approach; U.S. Patent 4,816,567 which describes recombinant immunoglobulin preparations; and U.S. Patent 4,867,973 which describes antibody-therapeutic agent conjugates. B. Antibodies of the present disclosure Antibodies according to the present disclosure may be defined, in the first instance, by their binding specificity. Those of skill in the art, by assessing the binding specificity / affinity of a given antibody using techniques well known to those of skill in the art, can determine whether such antibodies fall within the scope of the instant claims. For example, the epitope to which a given antibody bind may consist of a single contiguous sequence of 3 or more (e.g., 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20) amino acids located within the antigen molecule (e.g., a linear epitope in a domain). Alternatively, the epitope may consist of a plurality of non-contiguous amino acids (or amino acid sequences) located within the antigen molecule (e.g., a conformational epitope). Various techniques known to persons of ordinary skill in the art can be used to determine whether an antibody “interacts with one or more amino acids” within a polypeptide or protein. Exemplary techniques include, for example, routine cross-blocking assays, such as that described in Antibodies, Harlow and Lane (Cold Spring Harbor Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.). Cross-blocking can be measured in various binding assays such as ELISA, biolayer interferometry, or surface plasmon resonance. Other methods include alanine scanning mutational analysis, peptide blot analysis (Reineke, Methods Mol. Biol. 248: 443-63, 2004), 274910-1025-8522, v. 1 peptide cleavage analysis, high-resolution electron microscopy techniques using single particle reconstruction, cryoEM, or tomography, crystallographic studies and NMR analysis. In addition, methods such as epitope excision, epitope extraction and chemical modification of antigens can be employed (Tomer, Prot. Sci. 9: 487-496, 2000). Another method that can be used to identify the amino acids within a polypeptide with which an antibody interacts is hydrogen / deuterium exchange detected by mass spectrometry. In general terms, the hydrogen / deuterium exchange method involves deuterium-labeling the protein of interest, followed by binding the antibody to the deuterium-labeled protein. Next, the protein / antibody complex is transferred to water and exchangeable protons within amino acids that are protected by the antibody complex undergo deuterium-to-hydrogen back-exchange at a slower rate than exchangeable protons within amino acids that are not part of the interface. As a result, amino acids that form part of the protein / antibody interface may retain deuterium and therefore exhibit relatively higher mass compared to amino acids not included in the interface. After dissociation of the antibody, the target protein is subjected to protease cleavage and mass spectrometry analysis, thereby revealing the deuterium-labeled residues which correspond to the specific amino acids with which the antibody interacts. See, e.g., Ehring (1999) Analytical Biochemistry 267: 252-259; Engen and Smith (2001) Anal. Chem. 73: 256A-265A. When the antibody neutralizes Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus, antibody escape mutant variant organisms can be isolated by propagating Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus in vitro or in animal models in the presence of high concentrations of the antibody. Sequence analysis of the Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus gene encoding the antigen targeted by the antibody, reveals the mutation(s) conferring antibody escape, indicating residues in the epitope or that affect the structure of the epitope allosterically. The term “epitope” refers to a site on an antigen to which B and / or T cells respond. B- cell epitopes can be formed both from contiguous amino acids or noncontiguous amino acids juxtaposed by tertiary folding of a protein. Epitopes formed from contiguous amino acids are typically retained on exposure to denaturing solvents, whereas epitopes formed by tertiary folding are typically lost on treatment with denaturing solvents. An epitope typically includes at least 3, and more usually at least 5 or 8-10 amino acids in a unique spatial conformation. Modification-Assisted Profiling (MAP), also known as Antigen Structure-based Antibody Profiling (ASAP) is a method that categorizes large numbers of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) directed against the same antigen according to the similarities of the binding profile of each antibody to chemically or enzymatically modified antigen surfaces (see US 284910-1025-8522, v. 1 2004 / 0101920, herein specifically incorporated by reference in its entirety). Each category may reflect a unique epitope, either distinctly different from or partially overlapping with epitope represented by another category. This technology allows rapid filtering of genetically identical antibodies, such that characterization can be focused on genetically distinct antibodies. When applied to hybridoma screening, MAP may facilitate identification of rare hybridoma clones that produce mAbs having the desired characteristics. MAP may be used to sort the antibodies of the disclosure into groups of antibodies binding different epitopes. The present disclosure includes antibodies that may bind to the same epitope, or a portion of the epitope. Likewise, the present disclosure also includes antibodies that compete for binding to a target or a fragment thereof with any of the specific exemplary antibodies described herein. One can easily determine whether an antibody binds to the same epitope as, or competes for binding with, a reference antibody by using routine methods known in the art. For example, to determine if a test antibody binds to the same epitope as a reference, the reference antibody is allowed to bind to target under saturating conditions. Next, the ability of a test antibody to bind to the target molecule is assessed. If the test antibody is able to bind to the target molecule following saturation binding with the reference antibody, it can be concluded that the test antibody binds to a different epitope than the reference antibody. On the other hand, if the test antibody is not able to bind to the target molecule following saturation binding with the reference antibody, then the test antibody may bind to the same epitope as the epitope bound by the reference antibody. To determine if an antibody competes for binding with a reference anti-Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus antibody, the above-described binding methodology is performed in two orientations: In a first orientation, the reference antibody is allowed to bind to the Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus antigen under saturating conditions followed by assessment of binding of the test antibody to the Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus antigen. In a second orientation, the test antibody is allowed to bind to the Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus antigen under saturating conditions followed by assessment of binding of the reference antibody to the Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus antigen. If, in both orientations, only the first (saturating) antibody is capable of binding to the Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus, then it is concluded that the test antibody and the reference antibody compete for binding to the Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus. As will be appreciated by a person of ordinary skill in the art, an antibody that competes for binding with a reference antibody may not necessarily bind to the identical epitope as the reference antibody but may 294910-1025-8522, v. 1 sterically block binding of the reference antibody by binding an overlapping or adjacent epitope. Two antibodies bind to the same or overlapping epitope if each competitively inhibits (blocks) binding of the other to the antigen. That is, a 1-, 5-, 10-, 20- or 100-fold excess of one antibody inhibits binding of the other by at least 50% but preferably 75%, 90% or even 99% as measured in a competitive binding assay (see, e.g., Junghans et al., Cancer Res. 1990 50:1495-1502). Alternatively, two antibodies have the same epitope if essentially all amino acid mutations in the antigen that reduce or eliminate binding of one antibody reduce or eliminate binding of the other. Two antibodies have overlapping epitopes if some amino acid mutations that reduce or eliminate binding of one antibody reduce or eliminate binding of the other. Additional routine experimentation (e.g., peptide mutation and binding analyses) can then be carried out to confirm whether the observed lack of binding of the test antibody is in fact due to binding to the same epitope as the reference antibody or if steric blocking (or another phenomenon) is responsible for the lack of observed binding. Experiments of this sort can be performed using ELISA, RIA, surface plasmon resonance, flow cytometry or any other quantitative or qualitative antibody-binding assay available in the art. Structural studies with EM or crystallography also can demonstrate whether or not two antibodies that compete for binding recognize the same epitope. In another aspect, there are provided monoclonal antibodies having clone-paired CDRs from the heavy and light chains as illustrated in Tables 3 and 4, respectively. Such antibodies may be produced by the clones discussed below in the Examples section using methods described herein. In another aspect, the antibodies may be defined by their variable sequence, which include additional “framework” regions. These are provided in Tables 1 and 2 that encode or represent full variable regions. Furthermore, the antibodies sequences may vary from these sequences, optionally using methods discussed in greater detail below. For example, nucleic acid sequences may vary from those set out above in that (a) the variable regions may be segregated away from the constant domains of the light and heavy chains, (b) the nucleic acids may vary from those set out above while not affecting the residues encoded thereby, (c) the nucleic acids may vary from those set out above by a given percentage, e.g., 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98% or 99% homology, (d) the nucleic acids may vary from those set out above by virtue of the ability to hybridize under high 304910-1025-8522, v. 1 stringency conditions, as exemplified by low salt and / or high temperature conditions, such as provided by about 0.02 M to about 0.15 M NaCl at temperatures of about 50°C to about 70°C, (e) the amino acids may vary from those set out above by a given percentage, e.g., 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98% or 99% homology, or (f) the amino acids may vary from those set out above by permitting conservative substitutions (discussed below). Each of the foregoing applies to the nucleic acid sequences set forth as Table 1 and the amino acid sequences of Table 2. When comparing polynucleotide and polypeptide sequences, two sequences are said to be "identical" if the sequence of nucleotides or amino acids in the two sequences is the same when aligned for maximum correspondence, as described below. Comparisons between two sequences are typically performed by comparing the sequences over a comparison window to identify and compare local regions of sequence similarity. A "comparison window" as used herein refers to a segment of at least about 20 contiguous positions, usually 30 to about 75, 40 to about 50, in which a sequence may be compared to a reference sequence of the same number of contiguous positions after the two sequences are optimally aligned. Optimal alignment of sequences for comparison may be conducted using the Megalign program in the Lasergene suite of bioinformatics software (DNASTAR, Inc., Madison, Wis.), using default parameters. This program embodies several alignment schemes described in the following references: Dayhoff, M. O. (1978) A model of evolutionary change in proteins-- Matrices for detecting distant relationships. In Dayhoff, M. O. (ed.) Atlas of Protein Sequence and Structure, National Biomedical Research Foundation, Washington D.C. Vol. 5, Suppl.3, pp. 345-358; Hein J. (1990) Unified Approach to Alignment and Phylogeny pp. 626-645 Methods in Enzymology vol.183, Academic Press, Inc., San Diego, Calif.; Higgins, D. G. and Sharp, P. M. (1989) CABIOS 5:151-153; Myers, E. W. and Muller W. (1988) CABIOS 4:11- 17; Robinson, E. D. (1971) Comb. Theor 11:105; Santou, N. Nes, M. (1987) Mol. Biol. Evol. 4:406-425; Sneath, P. H. A. and Sokal, R. R. (1973) Numerical Taxonomy--the Principles and Practice of Numerical Taxonomy, Freeman Press, San Francisco, Calif.; Wilbur, W. J. and Lipman, D. J. (1983) Proc. Natl. Acad., Sci. USA 80:726-730. Alternatively, optimal alignment of sequences for comparison may be conducted by the local identity algorithm of Smith and Waterman (1981) Add. APL. Math 2:482, by the identity alignment algorithm of Needleman and Wunsch (1970) J. Mol. Biol.48:443, by the search for similarity methods of Pearson and Lipman (1988) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85: 2444, by computerized implementations of these algorithms (GAP, BESTFIT, BLAST, FASTA, and 314910-1025-8522, v. 1 TFASTA in the Wisconsin Genetics Software Package, Genetics Computer Group (GCG), 575 Science Dr., Madison, Wis.), or by inspection. One particular example of algorithms that are suitable for determining percent sequence identity and sequence similarity are the BLAST and BLAST 2.0 algorithms, which are described in Altschul et al. (1977) Nucl. Acids Res.25:3389-3402 and Altschul et al. (1990) J. Mol. Biol. 215:403-410, respectively. BLAST and BLAST 2.0 can be used, for example with the parameters described herein, to determine percent sequence identity for the polynucleotides and polypeptides of the disclosure. Software for performing BLAST analyses is publicly available through the National Center for Biotechnology Information. The rearranged nature of an antibody sequence and the variable length of each gene requires multiple rounds of BLAST searches for a single antibody sequence. Also, manual assembly of different genes is difficult and error-prone. The sequence analysis tool IgBLAST (world-wide-web at ncbi.nlm.nih.gov / igblast / ) identifies matches to the germline V, D and J genes, details at rearrangement junctions, the delineation of Ig V domain framework regions and complementarity determining regions. IgBLAST can analyze nucleotide or protein sequences and can process sequences in batches and allows searches against the germline gene databases and other sequence databases simultaneously to minimize the chance of missing possibly the best matching germline V gene. In one illustrative example, cumulative scores can be calculated using, for nucleotide sequences, the parameters M (reward score for a pair of matching residues; always >0) and N (penalty score for mismatching residues; always <0). Extension of the word hits in each direction are halted when: the cumulative alignment score falls off by the quantity X from its maximum achieved value; the cumulative score goes to zero or below, due to the accumulation of one or more negative-scoring residue alignments; or the end of either sequence is reached. The BLAST algorithm parameters W, T and X determine the sensitivity and speed of the alignment. The BLASTN program (for nucleotide sequences) uses as defaults a wordlength (W) of 11, and expectation (E) of 10, and the BLOSUM62 scoring matrix (see Henikoff and Henikoff (1989) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89:10915) alignments, (B) of 50, expectation (E) of 10, M=5, N=-4 and a comparison of both strands. For amino acid sequences, a scoring matrix can be used to calculate the cumulative score. Extension of the word hits in each direction are halted when: the cumulative alignment score falls off by the quantity X from its maximum achieved value; the cumulative score goes to zero or below, due to the accumulation of one or more negative-scoring residue alignments; 324910-1025-8522, v. 1 or the end of either sequence is reached. The BLAST algorithm parameters W, T and X determine the sensitivity and speed of the alignment. In one approach, the "percentage of sequence identity" is determined by comparing two optimally aligned sequences over a window of comparison of at least 20 positions, wherein the portion of the polynucleotide or polypeptide sequence in the comparison window may comprise additions or deletions (i.e., gaps) of 20 percent or less, usually 5 to 15 percent, or 10 to 12 percent, as compared to the reference sequences (which does not comprise additions or deletions) for optimal alignment of the two sequences. The percentage is calculated by determining the number of positions at which the identical nucleic acid bases or amino acid residues occur in both sequences to yield the number of matched positions, dividing the number of matched positions by the total number of positions in the reference sequence (i.e., the window size) and multiplying the results by 100 to yield the percentage of sequence identity. Yet another way of defining an antibody is as a “derivative” of any of the below- described antibodies and their antigen-binding fragments. The term “derivative” refers to an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof that specifically binds to an antigen, but which comprises, one, two, three, four, five or more amino acid substitutions, additions, deletions or modifications relative to a “parental” (or wild-type) molecule. Such amino acid substitutions or additions may introduce naturally occurring (i.e., DNA-encoded) or non-naturally occurring amino acid residues. The term “derivative” encompasses, for example, as variants having altered CH1, hinge, CH2, CH3 or CH4 regions, so as to form, for example antibodies, etc., having variant Fc regions that exhibit enhanced or impaired effector or binding characteristics. The term “derivative” additionally encompasses non-amino acid modifications, for example, amino acids that may be glycosylated (e.g., have altered mannose, 2-N-acetylglucosamine, galactose, fucose, glucose, sialic acid, 5-N-acetylneuraminic acid, 5-glycolneuraminic acid, etc. content), acetylated, pegylated, phosphorylated, amidated, derivatized by known protecting / blocking groups, proteolytic cleavage, linked to a cellular ligand or other protein, etc. In some embodiments, the altered carbohydrate modifications modulate one or more of the following: solubilization of the antibody, facilitation of subcellular transport and secretion of the antibody, promotion of antibody assembly, conformational integrity, and antibody- mediated effector function. In a specific embodiment, the altered carbohydrate modification(s) enhance antibody mediated effector function relative to the antibody lacking the carbohydrate modification. Carbohydrate modifications that lead to altered antibody mediated effector function are well known in the art (for example, see Shields, R. L. et al. (2002) “Lack of Fucose 334910-1025-8522, v. 1 on Human IgG N-Linked Oligosaccharide Improves Binding to Human Fcgamma RIII and Antibody-Dependent Cellular Toxicity,” J. Biol. Chem.277(30): 26733-26740; Davies J. et al. (2001) “Expression of GnTIII in a Recombinant Anti-CD20 CHO Production Cell Line: Expression of Antibodies with Altered Glycoforms Leads to an Increase in ADCC through Higher Affinity for FC Gamma RIII,” Biotechnology & Bioengineering 74(4): 288-294). Methods of altering carbohydrate contents are known to those skilled in the art, see, e.g., Wallick, S. C. et al. (1988) “Glycosylation of a VH Residue of a Monoclonal Antibody Against Alpha (1----6) Dextran Increases Its Affinity for Antigen,” J. Exp. Med. 168(3): 1099-1109; Tao, M. H. et al. (1989) “Studies of Aglycosylated Chimeric Mouse-Human IgG. Role of Carbohydrate in the Structure and Effector Functions Mediated by the Human IgG Constant Region,” J. Immunol. 143(8): 2595-2601; Routledge, E. G. et al. (1995) “The Effect of Aglycosylation on the Immunogenicity of a Humanized Therapeutic CD3 Monoclonal Antibody,” Transplantation 60(8):847-53; Elliott, S. et al. (2003) “Enhancement of Therapeutic Protein In Vivo Activities Through Glycoengineering,” Nature Biotechnol. 21:414-21; Shields, R. L. et al. (2002) “Lack of Fucose on Human IgG N-Linked Oligosaccharide Improves Binding to Human Fcgamma RIII and Antibody-Dependent Cellular Toxicity,” J. Biol. Chem.277(30): 26733-26740). A derivative antibody or antibody fragment can be generated with an engineered sequence or glycosylation state to confer preferred levels of activity in antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP), antibody- dependent neutrophil phagocytosis (ADNP), or antibody-dependent complement deposition (ADCD) functions as measured by bead-based or cell-based assays or in vivo studies in animal models. A derivative antibody or antibody fragment may be modified by chemical modifications using techniques known to those of skill in the art, including, but not limited to, specific chemical cleavage, acetylation, formulation, metabolic synthesis of tunicamycin, etc. In one embodiment, an antibody derivative will possess a similar or identical function as the parental antibody. In another embodiment, an antibody derivative will exhibit an altered activity relative to the parental antibody. For example, a derivative antibody (or fragment thereof) can bind to its epitope more tightly or be more resistant to proteolysis than the parental antibody. C. Engineering of antibody sequences In various embodiments, one may choose to engineer sequences of the identified antibodies for a variety of reasons, such as improved expression, improved cross-reactivity or 344910-1025-8522, v. 1 diminished off-target binding. Modified antibodies may be made by any technique known to those of skill in the art, including expression through standard molecular biological techniques, or the chemical synthesis of polypeptides. Methods for recombinant expression are addressed elsewhere in this document. The following is a general discussion of relevant goals techniques for antibody engineering. Hybridomas may be cultured, then cells lysed, and total RNA extracted. Random hexamers may be used with RT to generate cDNA copies of RNA, and then PCR performed using a multiplex mixture of PCR primers expected to amplify all human variable gene sequences. PCR products can be cloned into pGEM-T Easy vector, then sequenced by automated DNA sequencing using standard vector primers. Assay of binding and neutralization may be performed using antibodies collected from hybridoma supernatants and purified by FPLC, using Protein G columns. Recombinant full-length IgG antibodies can be generated by subcloning heavy and light chain Fv DNAs from the cloning vector into an IgG plasmid vector, transfected into 293 (e.g., Freestyle) cells or CHO cells, and antibodies can be collected and purified from the 293 or CHO cell supernatant. Other appropriate host cells systems include bacteria, such as E. coli, insect cells (S2, Sf9, Sf29, High Five), plant cells (e.g., tobacco, with or without engineering for human-like glycans), algae, or in a variety of non-human transgenic contexts, such as mice, rats, goats or cows. Expression of nucleic acids encoding antibodies, both for the purpose of subsequent antibody purification, and for immunization of a host, is also contemplated. Antibody coding sequences can be RNA, such as native RNA or modified RNA. Modified RNA contemplates certain chemical modifications that confer increased stability and low immunogenicity to mRNAs, thereby facilitating expression of therapeutically important proteins. For instance, N1-methyl-pseudouridine (N1mΨ) outperforms several other nucleoside modifications and their combinations in terms of translation capacity. In addition to turning off the immune / eIF2α phosphorylation-dependent inhibition of translation, incorporated N1mΨ nucleotides dramatically alter the dynamics of the translation process by increasing ribosome pausing and density on the mRNA. Increased ribosome loading of modified mRNAs renders them more permissive for initiation by favoring either ribosome recycling on the same mRNA or de novo ribosome recruitment. Such modifications could be used to enhance antibody expression in vivo following inoculation with RNA. The RNA, whether native or modified, may be delivered as naked RNA or in a delivery vehicle, such as a lipid nanoparticle. 354910-1025-8522, v. 1 Alternatively, DNA encoding the antibody may be employed for the same purposes. The DNA is included in an expression cassette comprising a promoter active in the host cell for which it is designed. The expression cassette is advantageously included in a replicable vector, such as a conventional plasmid or minivector. Vectors include viral vectors, such as poxviruses, adenoviruses, herpesviruses, adeno-associated viruses, and lentiviruses are contemplated. Replicons encoding antibody genes such as Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus replicons based on VEE virus or Sindbis virus also are contemplated. Delivery of such vectors can be performed by needle through intramuscular, subcutaneous, or intradermal routes, or by transcutaneous electroporation when in vivo expression is desired. The rapid availability of antibody produced in the same host cell and cell culture process as the final cGMP manufacturing process has the potential to reduce the duration of process development programs. Lonza has developed a generic method using pooled transfectants grown in CDACF medium, for the rapid production of small quantities (up to 50 g) of antibodies in CHO cells. Although slightly slower than a true transient system, the advantages include higher product concentration and use of the same host and process as the production cell line. Example of growth and productivity of GS-CHO pools, expressing a model antibody, in a disposable bioreactor: in a disposable bag bioreactor culture (5 L working volume) operated in fed-batch mode, a harvest antibody concentration of 2 g / L was achieved within 9 weeks of transfection. Antibody molecules will comprise fragments (such as F(ab′), F(ab′)2) that are produced, for example, by the proteolytic cleavage of the mAbs, or single-chain immunoglobulins producible, for example, via recombinant means. F(ab′) antibody derivatives are monovalent, while F(ab′)2 antibody derivatives are bivalent. In one embodiment, such fragments can be combined with one another, or with other antibody fragments or receptor ligands to form “chimeric” binding molecules. Significantly, such chimeric molecules may contain substituents capable of binding to different epitopes of the same molecule. In related embodiments, the antibody is a derivative of the disclosed antibodies, e.g., an antibody comprising the CDR sequences identical to those in the disclosed antibodies (e.g., a chimeric, or CDR-grafted antibody). Alternatively, one may wish to make modifications, such as introducing conservative changes into an antibody molecule. In making such changes, the hydropathic index of amino acids may be considered. The importance of the hydropathic amino acid index in conferring interactive biologic function on a protein is generally understood in the art (Kyte and Doolittle, 1982). It is accepted that the relative hydropathic 364910-1025-8522, v. 1 character of the amino acid contributes to the secondary structure of the resultant protein, which in turn defines the interaction of the protein with other molecules, for example, enzymes, substrates, receptors, DNA, antibodies, antigens, and the like. It also is understood in the art that the substitution of like amino acids can be made effectively on the basis of hydrophilicity. U.S. Patent 4,554,101, incorporated herein by reference, states that the greatest local average hydrophilicity of a protein, as governed by the hydrophilicity of its adjacent amino acids, correlates with a biological property of the protein. As detailed in U.S. Patent 4,554,101, the following hydrophilicity values have been assigned to amino acid residues: basic amino acids: arginine (+3.0), lysine (+3.0), and histidine (-0.5); acidic amino acids: aspartate (+3.0 ± 1), glutamate (+3.0 ± 1), asparagine (+0.2), and glutamine (+0.2); hydrophilic, nonionic amino acids: serine (+0.3), asparagine (+0.2), glutamine (+0.2), and threonine (-0.4), sulfur containing amino acids: cysteine (-1.0) and methionine (-1.3); hydrophobic, nonaromatic amino acids: valine (-1.5), leucine (-1.8), isoleucine (-1.8), proline (-0.5 ± 1), alanine (-0.5), and glycine (0); hydrophobic, aromatic amino acids: tryptophan (- 3.4), phenylalanine (-2.5), and tyrosine (-2.3). It is understood that an amino acid can be substituted for another having a similar hydrophilicity and produce a biologically or immunologically modified protein. In such changes, the substitution of amino acids whose hydrophilicity values are within ± 2 is preferred, those that are within ± 1 are particularly preferred, and those within ± 0.5 are even more particularly preferred. As outlined above, amino acid substitutions generally are based on the relative similarity of the amino acid side-chain substituents, for example, their hydrophobicity, hydrophilicity, charge, size, and the like. Exemplary substitutions that take into consideration the various foregoing characteristics are well known to those of skill in the art and include arginine and lysine; glutamate and aspartate; serine and threonine; glutamine and asparagine; and valine, leucine and isoleucine. The present disclosure also contemplates isotype modification. By modifying the Fc region to have a different isotype, different functionalities can be achieved. For example, changing to IgG1 can increase antibody dependent cell cytotoxicity, switching to class A can improve tissue distribution, and switching to class M can improve valency. Alternatively or additionally, it may be useful to combine amino acid modifications with one or more further amino acid modifications that alter C1q binding and / or the complement dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) function of the Fc region of an IL-23p19 binding 374910-1025-8522, v. 1 molecule. The binding polypeptide of particular interest may be one that binds to C1q and displays complement dependent cytotoxicity. Polypeptides with pre-existing C1q binding activity, optionally further having the ability to mediate CDC may be modified such that one or both of these activities are enhanced. Amino acid modifications that alter C1q and / or modify its complement dependent cytotoxicity function are described, for example, in WO / 0042072, which is hereby incorporated by reference. One can design an Fc region of an antibody with altered effector function, e.g., by modifying C1q binding and / or FcγR binding and thereby changing CDC activity and / or ADCC activity. “Effector functions” are responsible for activating or diminishing a biological activity (e.g., in a subject). Examples of effector functions include, but are not limited to: C1q binding; complement dependent cytotoxicity (CDC); Fc receptor binding; antibody-dependent cell- mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC); phagocytosis; down regulation of cell surface receptors (e.g., B cell receptor; BCR), etc. Such effector functions may require the Fc region to be combined with a binding domain (e.g., an antibody variable domain) and can be assessed using various assays (e.g., Fc binding assays, ADCC assays, CDC assays, etc.). For example, one can generate a variant Fc region of an antibody with improved C1q binding and improved FcγRIII binding (e.g., having both improved ADCC activity and improved CDC activity). Alternatively, if it is desired that effector function be reduced or ablated, a variant Fc region can be engineered with reduced CDC activity and / or reduced ADCC activity. In other embodiments, only one of these activities may be increased, and, optionally, also the other activity reduced (e.g., to generate an Fc region variant with improved ADCC activity, but reduced CDC activity and vice versa). FcRn binding. Fc mutations can also be introduced and engineered to alter their interaction with the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) and improve their pharmacokinetic properties. A collection of human Fc variants with improved binding to the FcRn have been described (Shields et al., (2001). High resolution mapping of the binding site on human IgG1 for FcγRI, FcγRII, FcγRIII, and FcRn and design of IgG1 variants with improved binding to the FcγR, (J. Biol. Chem.276:6591-6604). A number of methods are known that can result in increased half- life (Kuo and Aveson, (2011)), including amino acid modifications may be generated through techniques including alanine scanning mutagenesis, random mutagenesis and screening to assess the binding to the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) and / or the in vivo behavior. Computational strategies followed by mutagenesis may also be used to select one of amino acid mutations to mutate. 384910-1025-8522, v. 1 The present disclosure therefore provides a variant of an antigen binding protein with optimized binding to FcRn. In a particular embodiment, the said variant of an antigen binding protein comprises at least one amino acid modification in the Fc region of said antigen binding protein, wherein said modification is selected from the group consisting of 226, 227, 228, 230, 231, 233, 234, 239, 241, 243, 246, 250, 252, 256, 259, 264, 265, 267, 269, 270, 276, 284, 285, 288, 289, 290, 291, 292, 294, 297, 298, 299, 301, 302, 303, 305, 307, 308, 309, 311, 315, 317, 320, 322, 325, 327, 330, 332, 334, 335, 338, 340, 342, 343, 345, 347, 350, 352, 354, 355, 356, 359, 360, 361, 362, 369, 370, 371, 375, 378, 380, 382, 384, 385, 386, 387, 389, 390, 392, 393, 394, 395, 396, 397, 398, 399, 400, 401403, 404, 408, 411, 412, 414, 415, 416, 418, 419, 420, 421, 422, 424, 426, 428, 433, 434, 438, 439, 440, 443, 444, 445, 446 and 447 of the Fc region as compared to said parent polypeptide, wherein the numbering of the amino acids in the Fc region is that of the EU index in Kabat. In a further aspect of the disclosure the modifications are M252Y / S254T / T256E. Additionally, various publications describe methods for obtaining physiologically active molecules whose half-lives are modified, see for example Kontermann (2009) either by introducing an FcRn-binding polypeptide into the molecules or by fusing the molecules with antibodies whose FcRn-binding affinities are preserved but affinities for other Fc receptors have been greatly reduced or fusing with FcRn binding domains of antibodies. Derivatized antibodies may be used to alter the half-lives (e.g., serum half-lives) of parental antibodies in a mammal, particularly a human. Such alterations may result in a half- life of greater than 15 days, preferably greater than 20 days, greater than 25 days, greater than 30 days, greater than 35 days, greater than 40 days, greater than 45 days, greater than 2 months, greater than 3 months, greater than 4 months, or greater than 5 months. The increased half- lives of the antibodies of the present disclosure or fragments thereof in a mammal, preferably a human, results in a higher serum titer of said antibodies or antibody fragments in the mammal, and thus reduces the frequency of the administration of said antibodies or antibody fragments and / or reduces the concentration of said antibodies or antibody fragments to be administered. Antibodies or fragments thereof having increased in vivo half-lives can be generated by techniques known to those of skill in the art. For example, antibodies or fragments thereof with increased in vivo half-lives can be generated by modifying (e.g., substituting, deleting or adding) amino acid residues identified as involved in the interaction between the Fc domain and the FcRn receptor. 394910-1025-8522, v. 1 Beltramello et al. (2010) previously reported the modification of neutralizing mAbs, due to their tendency to enhance dengue virus infection, by generating in which leucine residues at positions 1.3 and 1.2 of CH2 domain (according to the IMGT unique numbering for C-domain) were substituted with alanine residues. This modification, also known as “LALA” mutation, abolishes antibody binding to FcγRI, FcγRII and FcγRIIIa, as described by Hessell et al. (2007). The variant and unmodified recombinant mAbs were compared for their capacity to neutralize and enhance infection by the four dengue virus serotypes. LALA variants retained the same neutralizing activity as unmodified mAb but were completely devoid of enhancing activity. LALA or LALA PG mutations of this nature are therefore contemplated in the context of the presently disclosed antibodies. Altered glycosylation. A particular embodiment of the present disclosure is an isolated monoclonal antibody, or antigen binding fragment thereof, containing a substantially homogeneous glycan without sialic acid, galactose, or fucose. The monoclonal antibody comprises a heavy chain variable region and a light chain variable region, both of which may be attached to heavy chain or light chain constant regions respectively. The aforementioned substantially homogeneous glycan may be covalently attached to the heavy chain constant region. Another embodiment of the present disclosure comprises a mAb with a novel Fc glycosylation pattern. The isolated monoclonal antibody, or antigen binding fragment thereof, is present in a substantially homogenous composition represented by the GNGN or G1 / G2 glycoform. Fc glycosylation plays a significant role in anti-viral and anti-cancer properties of therapeutic mAbs. The disclosure is in line with a recent study that shows increased anti- lentivirus cell-mediated viral inhibition of a fucose free anti-HIV mAb in vitro. This embodiment of the present disclosure with homogenous glycans lacking a core fucose, showed increased protection against specific viruses by a factor greater than two-fold. Elimination of core fucose dramatically improves the ADCC activity of mAbs mediated by natural killer (NK) cells but appears to have the opposite effect on the ADCC activity of polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs). The isolated monoclonal antibody, or antigen binding fragment thereof, comprising a substantially homogenous composition represented by the GNGN or G1 / G2 glycoform exhibits increased binding affinity for Fc gamma RI and Fc gamma RIII compared to the same antibody without the substantially homogeneous GNGN glycoform and with G0, G1F, G2F, GNF, GNGNF or GNGNFX containing glycoforms. In one embodiment of the present disclosure, 404910-1025-8522, v. 1 the antibody dissociates from Fc gamma RI with a Kd of 1 x 10-8M or less and from Fc gamma RIII with a Kd of 1 x 10-7M or less. Glycosylation of an Fc region is typically either N-linked or O-linked. N-linked refers to the attachment of the carbohydrate moiety to the side chain of an asparagine residue. O- linked glycosylation refers to the attachment of one of the sugars N-acetylgalactosamine, galactose, or xylose to a hydroxyamino acid, most commonly serine or threonine, although 5- hydroxyproline or 5-hydroxylysine may also be used. The recognition sequences for enzymatic attachment of the carbohydrate moiety to the asparagine side chain peptide sequences are asparagine-X-serine and asparagine-X-threonine, where X is any amino acid except proline. Thus, the presence of either of these peptide sequences in a polypeptide creates a potential glycosylation site. The glycosylation pattern may be altered, for example, by deleting one or more glycosylation site(s) found in the polypeptide, and / or adding one or more glycosylation site(s) that are not present in the polypeptide. Addition of glycosylation sites to the Fc region of an antibody is conveniently accomplished by altering the amino acid sequence such that it contains one or more of the above-described tripeptide sequences (for N-linked glycosylation sites). An exemplary glycosylation variant has an amino acid substitution of residue Asn 297 of the heavy chain. The alteration may also be made by the addition of, or substitution by, one or more serine or threonine residues to the sequence of the original polypeptide (for O-linked glycosylation sites). Additionally, a change of Asn 297 to Ala can remove one of the glycosylation sites. In certain embodiments, the antibody is expressed in cells that express beta (1,4)-N- acetylglucosaminyltransferase III (GnT III), such that GnT III adds GlcNAc to the IL-23p19 antibody. Methods for producing antibodies in such a fashion are provided in WO / 9954342, WO / 03011878, patent publication 20030003097A1, and Umana et al., Nature Biotechnology, 17:176-180, February 1999. Cell lines can be altered to enhance or reduce or eliminate certain post-translational modifications, such as glycosylation, using genome editing technology such as Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR). For example, CRISPR technology can be used to eliminate genes encoding glycosylating enzymes in 293 or CHO cells used to express recombinant monoclonal antibodies. Elimination of monoclonal antibody protein sequence liabilities. It is possible to engineer the antibody variable gene sequences obtained from human B cells to enhance their manufacturability and safety. Potential protein sequence liabilities can be identified by searching for sequence motifs associated with sites containing: 414910-1025-8522, v. 1 1) Unpaired Cys residues, 2) N-linked glycosylation, 3) Asn deamidation, 4) Asp isomerization, 5) SYE truncation, 6) Met oxidation, 7) Trp oxidation, 8) N-terminal glutamate, 9) Integrin binding, 10) CD11c / CD18 binding, or 11) Fragmentation Such motifs can be eliminated by altering the synthetic gene for the cDNA encoding recombinant antibodies. Protein engineering efforts in the field of development of therapeutic antibodies clearly reveal that certain sequences or residues are associated with solubility differences (Fernandez- Escamilla et al., Nature Biotech., 22 (10), 1302-1306, 2004; Chennamsetty et al., PNAS, 106 (29), 11937-11942, 2009; Voynov et al., Biocon. Chem., 21 (2), 385-392, 2010) Evidence from solubility-altering mutations in the literature indicate that some hydrophilic residues such as aspartic acid, glutamic acid, and serine contribute significantly more favorably to protein solubility than other hydrophilic residues, such as asparagine, glutamine, threonine, lysine, and arginine. Stability. Antibodies can be engineered for enhanced biophysical properties. One can use elevated temperature to unfold antibodies to determine relative stability, using average apparent melting temperatures. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) measures the heat capacity, Cp, of a molecule (the heat required to warm it, per degree) as a function of temperature. One can use DSC to study the thermal stability of antibodies. DSC data for mAbs is particularly interesting because it sometimes resolves the unfolding of individual domains within the mAb structure, producing up to three peaks in the thermogram (from unfolding of the Fab, CH2, and CH3 domains). Typically unfolding of the Fab domain produces the strongest peak. The DSC profiles and relative stability of the Fc portion show characteristic differences for the human IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4 subclasses (Garber and Demarest, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.355, 751-757, 2007). One also can determine average apparent melting temperature using circular dichroism (CD), performed with a CD spectrometer. Far-UV CD 424910-1025-8522, v. 1 spectra will be measured for antibodies in the range of 200 to 260 nm at increments of 0.5 nm. The final spectra can be determined as averages of 20 accumulations. Residue ellipticity values can be calculated after background subtraction. Thermal unfolding of antibodies (0.1 mg / mL) can be monitored at 235 nm from 25-95 °C and a heating rate of 1 °C / min. One can use dynamic light scattering (DLS) to assess propensity for aggregation. DLS is used to characterize size of various particles including proteins. If the system is not disperse in size, the mean effective diameter of the particles can be determined. This measurement depends on the size of the particle core, the size of surface structures, and particle concentration. Since DLS essentially measures fluctuations in scattered light intensity due to particles, the diffusion coefficient of the particles can be determined. DLS software in commercial DLA instruments displays the particle population at different diameters. Stability studies can be done conveniently using DLS. DLS measurements of a sample can show whether the particles aggregate over time or with temperature variation by determining whether the hydrodynamic radius of the particle increases. If particles aggregate, one can see a larger population of particles with a larger radius. Stability depending on temperature can be analyzed by controlling the temperature in situ. Capillary electrophoresis (CE) techniques include proven methodologies for determining features of antibody stability. One can use an iCE approach to resolve antibody protein charge variants due to deamidation, C-terminal lysines, sialylation, oxidation, glycosylation, and any other change to the protein that can result in a change in pI of the protein. Each of the expressed antibody proteins can be evaluated by high throughput, free solution isoelectric focusing (IEF) in a capillary column (cIEF), using a Protein Simple Maurice instrument. Whole-column UV absorption detection can be performed every 30 seconds for real time monitoring of molecules focusing at the isoelectric points (pIs). This approach combines the high resolution of traditional gel IEF with the advantages of quantitation and automation found in column-based separations while eliminating the need for a mobilization step. The technique yields reproducible, quantitative analysis of identity, purity, and heterogeneity profiles for the expressed antibodies. The results identify charge heterogeneity and molecular sizing on the antibodies, with both absorbance and native fluorescence detection modes and with sensitivity of detection down to 0.7 µg / mL. Solubility. One can determine the intrinsic solubility score of antibody sequences. The intrinsic solubility scores can be calculated using CamSol Intrinsic (Sormanni et al., J Mol Biol 427, 478-490, 2015). The amino acid sequences for residues 95-102 (Kabat numbering) in HCDR3 of each antibody fragment such as a scFv can be evaluated via the online program to 434910-1025-8522, v. 1 calculate the solubility scores. One also can determine solubility using laboratory techniques. Various techniques exist, including addition of lyophilized protein to a solution until the solution becomes saturated and the solubility limit is reached, or concentration by ultrafiltration in a microconcentrator with a suitable molecular weight cut-off. The most straightforward method is induction of amorphous precipitation, which measures protein solubility using a method involving protein precipitation using ammonium sulfate (Trevino et al., J Mol Biol, 366: 449-460, 2007). Ammonium sulfate precipitation gives quick and accurate information on relative solubility values. Ammonium sulfate precipitation produces precipitated solutions with well-defined aqueous and solid phases and requires relatively small amounts of protein. Solubility measurements performed using induction of amorphous precipitation by ammonium sulfate also can be done easily at different pH values. Protein solubility is highly pH dependent, and pH is considered the most important extrinsic factor that affects solubility. Autoreactivity. Generally, it is thought that autoreactive clones should be eliminated during ontogeny by negative selection, however, it has become clear that many naturally occurring human antibodies with autoreactive properties persist in adult mature repertoires, and the autoreactivity may enhance the antiviral function of many antibodies to pathogens. It has been noted that HCDR3 loops in antibodies during early B cell development are often rich in positive charge and exhibit autoreactive patterns (Wardemann et al., Science 301, 1374-1377, 2003). One can test a given antibody for autoreactivity by assessing the level of binding to human origin cells in microscopy (using adherent HeLa or HEp-2 epithelial cells) and flow cytometric cell surface staining (using suspension Jurkat T cells and 293S human embryonic kidney cells). Autoreactivity also can be surveyed using assessment of binding to tissues in tissue arrays. Preferred residues (“Human Likeness”). B cell repertoire deep sequencing of human B cells from blood donors is being performed on a wide scale in many recent studies. Sequence information about a significant portion of the human antibody repertoire facilitates statistical assessment of antibody sequence features common in healthy humans. With knowledge about the antibody sequence features in a human recombined antibody variable gene reference database, the position specific degree of “Human Likeness” (HL) of an antibody sequence can be estimated. HL has been shown to be useful for the development of antibodies in clinical use, like therapeutic antibodies or antibodies as vaccines. The goal is to increase the human likeness of antibodies to reduce potential adverse effects and anti-antibody immune responses that will 444910-1025-8522, v. 1 lead to significantly decreased efficacy of the antibody drug or can induce serious health implications. One can assess antibody characteristics of the combined antibody repertoire of three healthy human blood donors of about 400 million sequences in total and created a novel “relative Human Likeness” (rHL) score that focuses on the hypervariable region of the antibody. The rHL score allows one to easily distinguish between human (positive score) and non-human sequences (negative score). Antibodies can be engineered to eliminate residues that are not common in human repertoires. Blood brain barrier. The blood brain barrier regulates the traverse of blood-circulating substances into the brain with selectivity. This barrier may reduce the entry of antibodies into the central nervous system necessary for diagnosis or therapy of central nervous system infection with Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus. It may be possible to exploit the naturally occurring cellular trafficking systems and the receptor-mediated transfer machinery to move antibodies across the blood brain barrier safely to tissue site where the antibodies will be most effective. There have been a large number of studies of molecules that mediate active transport into the brain, including at least 20 receptors, including transferrin receptor, heparin- binding EGF, scavenger receptors AI, BI, EGF receptor, tumor necrosis factor, insulin and insulin-like growth factor receptors, apolipoprotein E receptor 2, leptin receptor, melanotransferrin receptor, or LDL receptors (Preston et al., Adv. Pharmacol. 71: 147-163, 2014). Here, the inventors propose to use one or more of these active transport systems to deliver a Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus inhibiting antibody by making a chimeric or bispecific molecule that targets a transporting receptor and possesses a separate domain that targets a Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus protein. D. Single chain antibodies A single chain variable fragment (scFv) is a fusion of the variable regions of the heavy and light chains of immunoglobulins, linked together with a short (usually serine, glycine) linker. This chimeric molecule retains the specificity of the original immunoglobulin, despite removal of the constant regions and the introduction of a linker peptide. This modification usually leaves the specificity unaltered. These molecules were created historically to facilitate phage display where it is highly convenient to express the antigen binding domain as a single peptide. Alternatively, scFv can be created directly from subcloned heavy and light chains derived from a hybridoma or B cell. Single chain variable fragments lack the constant Fc region found in complete antibody molecules, and thus, the common binding sites (e.g., protein A / G) 454910-1025-8522, v. 1 used to purify antibodies. These fragments can often be purified / immobilized using Protein L since Protein L interacts with the variable region of kappa light chains. Flexible linkers generally are comprised of helix- and turn-promoting amino acid residues such as alanine, serine and glycine. However, other residues can function as well. Tang et al. (1996) used phage display as a means of rapidly selecting tailored linkers for single- chain antibodies (scFvs) from protein linker libraries. A random linker library was constructed in which the genes for the heavy and light chain variable domains were linked by a segment encoding an 18-amino acid polypeptide of variable composition. The scFv repertoire (approx. 5 × 106different members) was displayed on filamentous phage and subjected to affinity selection with hapten. The population of selected variants exhibited significant increases in binding activity but retained considerable sequence diversity. Screening 1,054 individual variants subsequently yielded a catalytically active scFv that was produced efficiently in soluble form. Sequence analysis revealed a conserved proline in the linker two residues after the VH C terminus and an abundance of arginines and prolines at other positions as the only common features of the selected tethers. The recombinant antibodies of the present disclosure may also involve sequences or moieties that permit dimerization or multimerization of the receptors. Such sequences include those derived from IgA, which permit formation of multimers in conjunction with the J-chain. Another multimerization domain is the Gal4 dimerization domain. In other embodiments, the chains may be modified with agents such as biotin / avidin, which permit the combination of two antibodies. In a separate embodiment, a single-chain antibody can be created by joining receptor light and heavy chains using a non-peptide linker or chemical unit. Generally, the light and heavy chains will be produced in distinct cells, purified, and subsequently linked together in an appropriate fashion (i.e., the N-terminus of the heavy chain being attached to the C-terminus of the light chain via an appropriate chemical bridge). Cross-linking reagents are used to form molecular bridges that tie functional groups of two different molecules, e.g., a stabilizing and coagulating agent. However, it is contemplated that dimers or multimers of the same analog or heteromeric complexes comprised of different analogs can be created. To link two different compounds in a step-wise manner, hetero- bifunctional cross-linkers can be used that eliminate unwanted homopolymer formation. An exemplary hetero-bifunctional cross-linker contains two reactive groups: one reacting with primary amine group (e.g., N-hydroxy succinimide) and the other reacting with 464910-1025-8522, v. 1 a thiol group (e.g., pyridyl disulfide, maleimides, halogens, etc.). Through the primary amine reactive group, the cross-linker may react with the lysine residue(s) of one protein (e.g., the selected antibody or fragment) and through the thiol reactive group, the cross-linker, already tied up to the first protein, reacts with the cysteine residue (free sulfhydryl group) of the other protein (e.g., the selective agent). It is preferred that a cross-linker having reasonable stability in blood will be employed. Numerous types of disulfide-bond containing linkers are known that can be successfully employed to conjugate targeting and therapeutic / preventative agents. Linkers that contain a disulfide bond that is sterically hindered may prove to give greater stability in vivo, preventing release of the targeting peptide prior to reaching the site of action. These linkers are thus one group of linking agents. Another cross-linking reagent is SMPT, which is a bifunctional cross-linker containing a disulfide bond that is “sterically hindered” by an adjacent benzene ring and methyl groups. It is believed that steric hindrance of the disulfide bond serves a function of protecting the bond from attack by thiolate anions such as glutathione which can be present in tissues and blood, and thereby help in preventing decoupling of the conjugate prior to the delivery of the attached agent to the target site. The SMPT cross-linking reagent, as with many other known cross-linking reagents, lends the ability to cross-link functional groups such as the SH of cysteine or primary amines (e.g., the epsilon amino group of lysine). Another possible type of cross-linker includes the hetero-bifunctional photoreactive phenylazides containing a cleavable disulfide bond such as sulfosuccinimidyl-2-(p-azido salicylamido) ethyl-1,3′-dithiopropionate. The N-hydroxy- succinimidyl group reacts with primary amino groups and the phenylazide (upon photolysis) reacts non-selectively with any amino acid residue. In addition to hindered cross-linkers, non-hindered linkers also can be employed in accordance herewith. Other useful cross-linkers, not considered to contain or generate a protected disulfide, include SATA, SPDP and 2-iminothiolane (Wawrzynczak & Thorpe, 1987). The use of such cross-linkers is well understood in the art. Another embodiment involves the use of flexible linkers. U.S. Patent 4,680,338 describes bifunctional linkers useful for producing conjugates of ligands with amine-containing polymers and / or proteins, especially for forming antibody conjugates with chelators, drugs, enzymes, detectable labels and the like. U.S. Patents 5,141,648 and 5,563,250 disclose cleavable conjugates containing a labile bond that is 474910-1025-8522, v. 1 cleavable under a variety of mild conditions. This linker is particularly useful in that the agent of interest may be bonded directly to the linker, with cleavage resulting in release of the active agent. Particular uses include adding a free amino or free sulfhydryl group to a protein, such as an antibody, or a drug. U.S. Patent 5,856,456 provides peptide linkers for use in connecting polypeptide constituents to make fusion proteins, e.g., single chain antibodies. The linker is up to about 50 amino acids in length, contains at least one occurrence of a charged amino acid (preferably arginine or lysine) followed by a proline, and is characterized by greater stability and reduced aggregation. U.S. Patent 5,880,270 discloses aminooxy-containing linkers useful in a variety of immunodiagnostic and separative techniques. E. Multispecific antibodies In certain embodiments, antibodies of the present disclosure are bispecific or multispecific. Bispecific antibodies are antibodies that have binding specificities for at least two different epitopes. Exemplary bispecific antibodies may bind to two different epitopes of a single antigen. Other such antibodies may combine a first antigen binding site with a binding site for a second antigen. Alternatively, an anti-pathogen arm may be combined with an arm that binds to a triggering molecule on a leukocyte, such as a T-cell receptor molecule (e.g., CD3), or Fc receptors for IgG (FcγR), such as FcγRI (CD64), FcγRII (CD32) and Fc gamma RIII (CD16), so as to focus and localize cellular defense mechanisms to the infected cell. Bispecific antibodies may also be used to localize cytotoxic agents to infected cells. These antibodies possess a pathogen-binding arm and an arm that binds the cytotoxic agent (e.g., saporin, anti-interferon-α, vinca alkaloid, ricin A chain, methotrexate or radioactive isotope hapten). Bispecific antibodies can be prepared as full-length antibodies or antibody fragments (e.g., F(ab′)2bispecific antibodies). WO 96 / 16673 describes a bispecific anti-ErbB2 / anti-Fc gamma RIII antibody and U.S. Patent 5,837,234 discloses a bispecific anti-ErbB2 / anti-Fc gamma RI antibody. A bispecific anti-ErbB2 / Fc alpha antibody is shown in WO98 / 02463. U.S. Patent 5,821,337 teaches a bispecific anti-ErbB2 / anti-CD3 antibody. Methods for making bispecific antibodies are known in the art. Traditional production of full-length bispecific antibodies is based on the co-expression of two immunoglobulin heavy chain-light chain pairs, where the two chains have different specificities (Millstein et al., Nature, 305:537-539 (1983)). Because of the random assortment of immunoglobulin heavy and light chains, these hybridomas (quadromas) produce a potential mixture of ten different antibody molecules, of which only one has the correct bispecific structure. Purification of the 484910-1025-8522, v. 1 correct molecule, which is usually done by affinity chromatography steps, is rather cumbersome, and the product yields are low. Similar procedures are disclosed in WO 93 / 08829, and in Traunecker et al., EMBO J., 10:3655-3659 (1991). According to a different approach, antibody variable regions with the desired binding specificities (antibody-antigen combining sites) are fused to immunoglobulin constant domain sequences. Preferably, the fusion is with an Ig heavy chain constant domain, comprising at least part of the hinge, CH2, and CH3 regions. It is preferred to have the first heavy-chain constant region (CH1) containing the site necessary for light chain bonding, present in at least one of the fusions. DNAs encoding the immunoglobulin heavy chain fusions and, if desired, the immunoglobulin light chain, are inserted into separate expression vectors, and are co- transfected into a suitable host cell. This provides for greater flexibility in adjusting the mutual proportions of the three polypeptide fragments in embodiments when unequal ratios of the three polypeptide chains used in the construction provide the optimum yield of the desired bispecific antibody. It is, however, possible to insert the coding sequences for two or all three polypeptide chains into a single expression vector when the expression of at least two polypeptide chains in equal ratios results in high yields or when the ratios have no significant effect on the yield of the desired chain combination. In a particular embodiment of this approach, the bispecific antibodies are composed of a hybrid immunoglobulin heavy chain with a first binding specificity in one arm, and a hybrid immunoglobulin heavy chain-light chain pair (providing a second binding specificity) in the other arm. It was found that this asymmetric structure facilitates the separation of the desired bispecific compound from unwanted immunoglobulin chain combinations, as the presence of an immunoglobulin light chain in only one half of the bispecific molecule provides for a facile way of separation. This approach is disclosed in WO 94 / 04690. For further details of generating bispecific antibodies see, for example, Suresh et al., Methods in Enzymology, 121:210 (1986). According to another approach described in U.S. Patent 5,731,168, the interface between a pair of antibody molecules can be engineered to maximize the percentage of heterodimers that are recovered from recombinant cell culture. The preferred interface comprises at least a part of the CH3 domain. In this method, one or more small amino acid side chains from the interface of the first antibody molecule are replaced with larger side chains (e.g., tyrosine or tryptophan). Compensatory "cavities" of identical or similar size to the large side chain(s) are created on the interface of the second antibody molecule by replacing large amino acid side chains with smaller ones (e.g., alanine or threonine). This provides a 494910-1025-8522, v. 1 mechanism for increasing the yield of the heterodimer over other unwanted end-products such as homodimers. Bispecific antibodies include cross-linked or "heteroconjugate" antibodies. For example, one of the antibodies in the heteroconjugate can be coupled to avidin, the other to biotin. Such antibodies have, for example, been proposed to target immune system cells to unwanted cells (U.S. Patent 4,676,980), and for treatment of HIV infection (WO 91 / 00360, WO 92 / 200373, and EP 03089). Heteroconjugate antibodies may be made using any convenient cross-linking methods. Suitable cross-linking agents are well known in the art, and are disclosed in U.S. Patent 4,676,980, along with a number of cross-linking techniques. Techniques for generating bispecific antibodies from antibody fragments have also been described in the literature. For example, bispecific antibodies can be prepared using chemical linkage. Brennan et al., Science, 229: 81 (1985) describe a procedure wherein intact antibodies are proteolytically cleaved to generate F(ab')2 fragments. These fragments are reduced in the presence of the dithiol complexing agent, sodium arsenite, to stabilize vicinal dithiols and prevent intermolecular disulfide formation. The Fab' fragments generated are then converted to thionitrobenzoate (TNB) derivatives. One of the Fab'-TNB derivatives is then reconverted to the Fab'-thiol by reduction with mercaptoethylamine and is mixed with an equimolar amount of the other Fab'-TNB derivative to form the bispecific antibody. The bispecific antibodies produced can be used as agents for the selective immobilization of enzymes. Techniques exist that facilitate the direct recovery of Fab'-SH fragments from E. coli, which can be chemically coupled to form bispecific antibodies. Shalaby et al., J. Exp. Med., 175: 217-225 (1992) describes the production of a humanized bispecific antibody F(ab')2molecule. Each Fab' fragment was separately secreted from E. coli and subjected to directed chemical coupling in vitro to form the bispecific antibody. The bispecific antibody thus formed was able to bind to cells overexpressing the ErbB2 receptor and normal human T cells, as well as trigger the lytic activity of human cytotoxic lymphocytes against human breast tumor targets. Various techniques for making and isolating bispecific antibody fragments directly from recombinant cell culture have also been described (Merchant et al., Nat. Biotechnol.16, 677–681 (1998). doi:10.1038 / nbt0798-677pmid:9661204). For example, bispecific antibodies have been produced using leucine zippers (Kostelny et al., J. Immunol., 148(5):1547-1553, 1992). The leucine zipper peptides from the Fos and Jun proteins were linked to the Fab' portions of two different antibodies by gene fusion. The antibody 504910-1025-8522, v. 1 homodimers were reduced at the hinge region to form monomers and then re-oxidized to form the antibody heterodimers. This method can also be utilized for the production of antibody homodimers. The "diabody" technology described by Hollinger et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 90:6444-6448 (1993) has provided an alternative mechanism for making bispecific antibody fragments. The fragments comprise a VH connected to a VL by a linker that is too short to allow pairing between the two domains on the same chain. Accordingly, the VHand VL domains of one fragment are forced to pair with the complementary VL and VH domains of another fragment, thereby forming two antigen-binding sites. Another strategy for making bispecific antibody fragments by the use of single-chain Fv (sFv) dimers has also been reported. See Gruber et al., J. Immunol., 152:5368 (1994). In a particular embodiment, a bispecific or multispecific antibody may be formed as a DOCK-AND-LOCK™ (DNL™) complex (see, e.g., U.S. Patents 7,521,056; 7,527,787; 7,534,866; 7,550,143 and 7,666,400, the Examples section of each of which is incorporated herein by reference.) Generally, the technique takes advantage of the specific and high-affinity binding interactions that occur between a dimerization and docking domain (DDD) sequence of the regulatory (R) subunits of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) and an anchor domain (AD) sequence derived from any of a variety of AKAP proteins (Baillie et al., FEBS Letters. 2005; 579: 3264; Wong and Scott, Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol.2004; 5: 959). The DDD and AD peptides may be attached to any protein, peptide or other molecule. Because the DDD sequences spontaneously dimerize and bind to the AD sequence, the technique allows the formation of complexes between any selected molecules that may be attached to DDD or AD sequences. Antibodies with more than two valencies are contemplated. For example, trispecific antibodies can be prepared (Tutt et al., J. Immunol. 147: 60, 1991; Xu et al., Science, 358(6359):85-90, 2017). A multivalent antibody may be internalized (and / or catabolized) faster than a bivalent antibody by a cell expressing an antigen to which the antibodies bind. The antibodies of the present disclosure can be multivalent antibodies with three or more antigen binding sites (e.g., tetravalent antibodies), which can be readily produced by recombinant expression of nucleic acid encoding the polypeptide chains of the antibody. The multivalent antibody can comprise a dimerization domain and three or more antigen binding sites. The preferred dimerization domain comprises (or consists of) an Fc region or a hinge region. In this scenario, the antibody will comprise an Fc region and three or more antigen binding sites amino-terminal to the Fc region. The preferred multivalent antibody herein 514910-1025-8522, v. 1 comprises (or consists of) three to about eight, but preferably four, antigen binding sites. The multivalent antibody comprises at least one polypeptide chain (and preferably two polypeptide chains), wherein the polypeptide chain(s) comprise two or more variable regions. For instance, the polypeptide chain(s) may comprise VD1-(X1)n-VD2-(X2)n-Fc, wherein VD1 is a first variable region, VD2 is a second variable region, Fc is one polypeptide chain of an Fc region, X1 and X2 represent an amino acid or polypeptide, and n is 0 or 1. For instance, the polypeptide chain(s) may comprise: VH-CH1-flexible linker-VH-CH1-Fc region chain; or VH-CH1-VH- CH1-Fc region chain. The multivalent antibody herein preferably further comprises at least two (and preferably four) light chain variable region polypeptides. The multivalent antibody herein may, for instance, comprise from about two to about eight light chain variable region polypeptides. The light chain variable region polypeptides contemplated here comprise a light chain variable region and, optionally further comprise a CL domain. Charge modifications are particularly useful in the context of a multispecific antibody, where amino acid substitutions in Fab molecules result in reducing the mispairing of light chains with non-matching heavy chains (Bence-Jones-type side products), which can occur in the production of Fab-based bi- / multispecific antigen binding molecules with a VH / VL exchange in one (or more, in case of molecules comprising more than two antigen-binding Fab molecules) of their binding arms (see also PCT publication no. WO 2015 / 150447, particularly the examples therein, incorporated herein by reference in its entirety). Accordingly, in particular embodiments, an antibody comprised in the therapeutic agent comprises (a) a first Fab molecule which specifically binds to a first antigen (b) a second Fab molecule which specifically binds to a second antigen, and wherein the variable domains VL and VH of the Fab light chain and the Fab heavy chain are replaced by each other, wherein the first antigen is an activating T cell antigen and the second antigen is a target cell antigen, or the first antigen is a target cell antigen and the second antigen is an activating T cell antigen; and wherein i) in the constant domain CL of the first Fab molecule under a) the amino acid at position 124 is substituted by a positively charged amino acid (numbering according to Kabat), and wherein in the constant domain CH1 of the first Fab molecule under a) the 524910-1025-8522, v. 1 amino acid at position 147 or the amino acid at position 213 is substituted by a negatively charged amino acid (numbering according to Kabat EU index); or ii) in the constant domain CL of the second Fab molecule under b) the amino acid at position 124 is substituted by a positively charged amino acid (numbering according to Kabat), and wherein in the constant domain CH1 of the second Fab molecule under b) the amino acid at position 147 or the amino acid at position 213 is substituted by a negatively charged amino acid (numbering according to Kabat EU index). The antibody may not comprise both modifications mentioned under i) and ii). The constant domains CL and CH1 of the second Fab molecule are not replaced by each other (i.e., remain unexchanged). In another embodiment of the antibody, in the constant domain CL of the first Fab molecule under a) the amino acid at position 124 is substituted independently by lysine (K), arginine (R) or histidine (H) (numbering according to Kabat) (in one preferred embodiment independently by lysine (K) or arginine (R)), and in the constant domain CH1 of the first Fab molecule under a) the amino acid at position 147 or the amino acid at position 213 is substituted independently by glutamic acid (E), or aspartic acid (D) (numbering according to Kabat EU index). In a further embodiment, in the constant domain CL of the first Fab molecule under a) the amino acid at position 124 is substituted independently by lysine (K), arginine (R) or histidine (H) (numbering according to Kabat), and in the constant domain CH1 of the first Fab molecule under a) the amino acid at position 147 is substituted independently by glutamic acid (E), or aspartic acid (D) (numbering according to Kabat EU index). In a particular embodiment, in the constant domain CL of the first Fab molecule under a) the amino acid at position 124 is substituted independently by lysine (K), arginine (R) or histidine (H) (numbering according to Kabat) (in one preferred embodiment independently by lysine (K) or arginine (R)) and the amino acid at position 123 is substituted independently by lysine (K), arginine (R) or histidine (H) (numbering according to Kabat) (in one preferred embodiment independently by lysine (K) or arginine (R)), and in the constant domain CH1 of the first Fab molecule under a) the amino acid at position 147 is substituted independently by glutamic acid (E), or aspartic acid (D) (numbering according to Kabat EU index) and the amino acid at position 213 is substituted independently by glutamic acid (E), or aspartic acid (D) (numbering according to Kabat EU index). 534910-1025-8522, v. 1 In a more particular embodiment, in the constant domain CL of the first Fab molecule under a) the amino acid at position 124 is substituted by lysine (K) (numbering according to Kabat) and the amino acid at position 123 is substituted by lysine (K) or arginine (R) (numbering according to Kabat), and in the constant domain CH1 of the first Fab molecule under a) the amino acid at position 147 is substituted by glutamic acid (E) (numbering according to Kabat EU index) and the amino acid at position 213 is substituted by glutamic acid (E) (numbering according to Kabat EU index). In an even more particular embodiment, in the constant domain CL of the first Fab molecule under a) the amino acid at position 124 is substituted by lysine (K) (numbering according to Kabat) and the amino acid at position 123 is substituted by arginine (R) (numbering according to Kabat), and in the constant domain CH1 of the first Fab molecule under a) the amino acid at position 147 is substituted by glutamic acid (E) (numbering according to Kabat EU index) and the amino acid at position 213 is substituted by glutamic acid (E) (numbering according to Kabat EU index). F. Chimeric antigen receptors Artificial T cell receptors (also known as chimeric T cell receptors, chimeric immunoreceptors, chimeric antigen receptors (CARs)) are engineered receptors, which graft an arbitrary specificity onto an immune effector cell. Typically, these receptors are used to graft the specificity of a monoclonal antibody onto a T cell, with transfer of their coding sequence facilitated by retroviral vectors. In this way, a large number of target-specific T cells can be generated for adoptive cell transfer. Phase I clinical studies of this approach show efficacy. The most common form of these molecules are fusions of single-chain variable fragments (scFv) derived from monoclonal antibodies, fused to CD3-zeta transmembrane and endodomain. Such molecules result in the transmission of a zeta signal in response to recognition by the scFv of its target. An example of such a construct is 14g2a-Zeta, which is a fusion of a scFv derived from hybridoma 14g2a (which recognizes disialoganglioside GD2). When T cells express this molecule (usually achieved by oncoretroviral vector transduction), they recognize and kill target cells that express GD2 (e.g., neuroblastoma cells). To target malignant B cells, investigators have redirected the specificity of T cells using a chimeric immunoreceptor specific for the B-lineage molecule, CD19. The variable portions of an immunoglobulin heavy and light chain are fused by a flexible linker to form a scFv. This scFv is preceded by a signal peptide to direct the nascent 544910-1025-8522, v. 1 protein to the endoplasmic reticulum and subsequent surface expression (this is cleaved). A flexible spacer allows to the scFv to orient in different directions to enable antigen binding. The transmembrane domain is a typical hydrophobic alpha helix usually derived from the original molecule of the signaling endodomain which protrudes into the cell and transmits the desired signal. Type I proteins are in fact two protein domains linked by a transmembrane alpha helix in between. The cell membrane lipid bilayer, through which the transmembrane domain passes, acts to isolate the inside portion (endodomain) from the external portion (ectodomain). It is not so surprising that attaching an ectodomain from one protein to an endodomain of another protein results in a molecule that combines the recognition of the former to the signal of the latter. Ectodomain. A signal peptide directs the nascent protein into the endoplasmic reticulum. This is essential if the receptor is to be glycosylated and anchored in the cell membrane. Any eukaryotic signal peptide sequence usually works fine. Generally, the signal peptide natively attached to the amino-terminal most component is used (e.g., in a scFv with orientation light chain - linker - heavy chain, the native signal of the light-chain is used The antigen recognition domain is usually an scFv. There are, however, many alternatives. An antigen recognition domain from native T-cell receptor (TCR) alpha and beta single chains have been described, as have simple ectodomains (e.g., CD4 ectodomain to recognize HIV infected cells) and more exotic recognition components such as a linked cytokine (which leads to recognition of cells bearing the cytokine receptor). In fact, almost anything that binds a given target with high affinity can be used as an antigen recognition region. A spacer region links the antigen binding domain to the transmembrane domain. It should be flexible enough to allow the antigen binding domain to orient in different directions to facilitate antigen recognition. The simplest form is the hinge region from IgG1. Alternatives include the CH2CH3 region of immunoglobulin and portions of CD3. For most scFv based constructs, the IgG1 hinge suffices. However, the best spacer often has to be determined empirically. Transmembrane domain. The transmembrane domain is a hydrophobic alpha helix that spans the membrane. Generally, the transmembrane domain from the most membrane proximal component of the endodomain is used. Interestingly, using the CD3-zeta transmembrane domain may result in incorporation of the artificial TCR into the native TCR a 554910-1025-8522, v. 1 factor that is dependent on the presence of the native CD3-zeta transmembrane charged aspartic acid residue. Different transmembrane domains result in different receptor stability. The CD28 transmembrane domain results in a brightly expressed, stable receptor. Endodomain. This is the "business-end" of the receptor. After antigen recognition, receptors cluster and a signal is transmitted to the cell. The most commonly used endodomain component is CD3-zeta which contains 3 ITAMs. This transmits an activation signal to the T cell after antigen is bound. CD3-zeta may not provide a fully competent activation signal and additional co-stimulatory signaling is needed. "First-generation" CARs typically had the intracellular domain from the CD3 ξ- chain, which is the primary transmitter of signals from endogenous TCRs. "Second-generation" CARs add intracellular signaling domains from various costimulatory protein receptors (e.g., CD28, 41BB, ICOS) to the cytoplasmic tail of the CAR to provide additional signals to the T cell. Preclinical studies have indicated that the second generation of CAR designs improves the antitumor activity of T cells. More recently, “third-generation” CARs combine multiple signaling domains, such as CD3z-CD28-41BB or CD3z-CD28-OX40, to further augment potency. G. ADCs Antibody Drug Conjugates or ADCs are a new class of highly potent biopharmaceutical drugs designed as a targeted therapy for the treatment of people with infectious disease. ADCs are complex molecules composed of an antibody (a whole mAb or an antibody fragment such as a single-chain variable fragment, or scFv) linked, via a stable chemical linker with labile bonds, to a biological active cytotoxic / anti-viral payload or drug. Antibody Drug Conjugates are examples of bioconjugates and immunoconjugates. By combining the unique targeting capabilities of monoclonal antibodies with the cancer-killing ability of cytotoxic drugs, antibody-drug conjugates allow sensitive discrimination between healthy and diseased tissue. This means that, in contrast to traditional systemic approaches, antibody-drug conjugates target and attack the infected cell so that healthy cells are less severely affected. In the development of ADC-based anti-tumor therapies, an anticancer drug (e.g., a cell toxin or cytotoxin) is coupled to an antibody that specifically targets a certain cell marker (e.g., a protein that, ideally, is only to be found in or on infected cells). Antibodies track these proteins down in the body and attach themselves to the surface of cancer cells. The biochemical reaction between the antibody and the target protein (antigen) triggers a signal in the tumor cell, which 564910-1025-8522, v. 1 then absorbs or internalizes the antibody together with the cytotoxin. After the ADC is internalized, the cytotoxic drug is released and kills the cell or impairs viral replication. Due to this targeting, ideally the drug has lower side effects and gives a wider therapeutic window than other agents. A stable link between the antibody and cytotoxic / anti-viral agent is a crucial aspect of an ADC. Linkers are based on chemical motifs including disulfides, hydrazones or peptides (cleavable), or thioethers (noncleavable) and control the distribution and delivery of the cytotoxic agent to the target cell. Cleavable and noncleavable types of linkers have been proven to be safe in preclinical and clinical trials. Brentuximab vedotin includes an enzyme-sensitive cleavable linker that delivers the potent and highly toxic antimicrotubule agent Monomethyl auristatin E or MMAE, a synthetic antineoplastic agent, to human specific CD30-positive malignant cells. Because of its high toxicity MMAE, which inhibits cell division by blocking the polymerization of tubulin, cannot be used as a single-agent chemotherapeutic drug. However, the combination of MMAE linked to an anti-CD30 monoclonal antibody (cAC10, a cell membrane protein of the tumor necrosis factor or TNF receptor) proved to be stable in extracellular fluid, cleavable by cathepsin and safe for therapy. Trastuzumab emtansine, the other approved ADC, is a combination of the microtubule-formation inhibitor mertansine (DM- 1), a derivative of the Maytansine, and antibody trastuzumab (Herceptin® / Genentech / Roche) attached by a stable, non-cleavable linker. The availability of better and more stable linkers has changed the function of the chemical bond. The type of linker, cleavable or noncleavable, lends specific properties to the cytotoxic (anti-cancer) drug. For example, a non-cleavable linker keeps the drug within the cell. As a result, the entire antibody, linker and cytotoxic agent enter the targeted cancer cell where the antibody is degraded to the level of an amino acid. The resulting complex – amino acid, linker and cytotoxic agent – now becomes the active drug. In contrast, cleavable linkers are catalyzed by enzymes in the host cell where it releases the cytotoxic agent. Another type of cleavable linker, currently in development, adds an extra molecule between the cytotoxic / anti-viral drug and the cleavage site. This linker technology allows researchers to create ADCs with more flexibility without worrying about changing cleavage kinetics. Researchers are also developing a new method of peptide cleavage based on Edman degradation, a method of sequencing amino acids in a peptide. Future direction in the development of ADCs also include the development of site-specific conjugation (TDCs) to 574910-1025-8522, v. 1 further improve stability and therapeutic index and α emitting immunoconjugates and antibody-conjugated nanoparticles. H. BiTES Bi-specific T-cell engagers (BiTEs) are a class of artificial bispecific monoclonal antibodies that are investigated for the use as anti-cancer drugs. They direct a host's immune system, more specifically the T cells' cytotoxic activity, against infected cells. BiTE is a registered trademark of Micromet AG. BiTEs are fusion proteins consisting of two single-chain variable fragments (scFvs) of different antibodies, or amino acid sequences from four different genes, on a single peptide chain of about 55 kilodaltons. One of the scFvs binds to T cells via the CD3 receptor, and the other to an infected cell via a specific molecule. Like other bispecific antibodies, and unlike ordinary monoclonal antibodies, BiTEs form a link between T cells and target cells. This causes T cells to exert cytotoxic / anti-viral activity on infected cells by producing proteins like perforin and granzymes, independently of the presence of MHC I or co-stimulatory molecules. These proteins enter infected cells and initiate the cell's apoptosis. This action mimics physiological processes observed during T cell attacks against infected cells. I. Intrabodies In a particular embodiment, the antibody is a recombinant antibody that is suitable for action inside of a cell – such antibodies are known as “intrabodies.” These antibodies may interfere with target function by a variety of mechanism, such as by altering intracellular protein trafficking, interfering with enzymatic function, and blocking protein-protein or protein-DNA interactions. In many ways, their structures mimic or parallel those of single chain and single domain antibodies, discussed above. Indeed, single-transcript / single-chain is an important feature that permits intracellular expression in a target cell, and also makes protein transit across cell membranes more feasible. However, additional features are required. The two major issues impacting the implementation of intrabody therapeutic are delivery, including cell / tissue targeting, and stability. With respect to delivery, a variety of approaches have been employed, such as tissue-directed delivery, use of cell-type specific promoters, viral-based delivery and use of cell-permeability / membrane translocating peptides. With respect to stability, the approach is generally to either screen by brute force, including methods that involve phage display and may include sequence maturation or development of 584910-1025-8522, v. 1 consensus sequences, or more directed modifications such as insertion stabilizing sequences (e.g., Fc regions, chaperone protein sequences, leucine zippers) and disulfide replacement / modification. An additional feature that intrabodies may require is a signal for intracellular targeting. Vectors that can target intrabodies (or other proteins) to subcellular regions such as the cytoplasm, nucleus, mitochondria and ER have been designed and are commercially available (Invitrogen Corp.; Persic et al., 1997). By virtue of their ability to enter cells, intrabodies have additional uses that other types of antibodies may not achieve. In the case of the present antibodies, the ability to interact with the MUC1 cytoplasmic domain in a living cell may interfere with functions associated with the MUC1 CD, such as signaling functions (binding to other molecules) or oligomer formation. In particular, it is contemplated that such antibodies can be used to inhibit MUC1 dimer formation. J. Purification In certain embodiments, the antibodies of the present disclosure may be purified. The term “purified,” as used herein, is intended to refer to a composition, isolatable from other components, wherein the protein is purified to any degree relative to its naturally-obtainable state. A purified protein therefore also refers to a protein, free from the environment in which it may naturally occur. Where the term “substantially purified” is used, this designation will refer to a composition in which the protein or peptide forms the major component of the composition, such as constituting about 50%, about 60%, about 70%, about 80%, about 90%, about 95% or more of the proteins in the composition. Protein purification techniques are well known to those of skill in the art. These techniques involve, at one level, the crude fractionation of the cellular milieu to polypeptide and non-polypeptide fractions. Having separated the polypeptide from other proteins, the polypeptide of interest may be further purified using chromatographic and electrophoretic techniques to achieve partial or complete purification (or purification to homogeneity). Analytical methods particularly suited to the preparation of a pure peptide are ion-exchange chromatography, exclusion chromatography; polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; isoelectric focusing. Other methods for protein purification include, precipitation with ammonium sulfate, PEG, antibodies and the like or by heat denaturation, followed by centrifugation; gel filtration, reverse phase, hydroxylapatite and affinity chromatography; and combinations of such and other techniques. 594910-1025-8522, v. 1 In purifying an antibody of the present disclosure, it may be desirable to express the polypeptide in a prokaryotic or eukaryotic expression system and extract the protein using denaturing conditions. The polypeptide may be purified from other cellular components using an affinity column, which binds to a tagged portion of the polypeptide. As is generally known in the art, it is believed that the order of conducting the various purification steps may be changed, or that certain steps may be omitted, and still result in a suitable method for the preparation of a substantially purified protein or peptide. Commonly, complete antibodies are fractionated utilizing agents (i.e., protein A) that bind the Fc portion of the antibody. Alternatively, antigens may be used to simultaneously purify and select appropriate antibodies. Such methods often utilize the selection agent bound to a support, such as a column, filter or bead. The antibodies are bound to a support, contaminants removed (e.g., washed away), and the antibodies released by applying conditions (salt, heat, etc.). Various methods for quantifying the degree of purification of the protein or peptide will be known to those of skill in the art in light of the present disclosure. These include, for example, determining the specific activity of an active fraction, or assessing the amount of polypeptides within a fraction by SDS / PAGE analysis. Another method for assessing the purity of a fraction is to calculate the specific activity of the fraction, to compare it to the specific activity of the initial extract, and to thus calculate the degree of purity. The actual units used to represent the amount of activity will, of course, be dependent upon the particular assay technique chosen to follow the purification and whether or not the expressed protein or peptide exhibits a detectable activity. It is known that the migration of a polypeptide can vary, sometimes significantly, with different conditions of SDS / PAGE (Capaldi et al., 1977). It will therefore be appreciated that under differing electrophoresis conditions, the apparent molecular weights of purified or partially purified expression products may vary. III. Active / Passive Immunization and Treatment / Prevention of Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Infection A. Formulation and Administration The present disclosure provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising anti-Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus antibodies and antigens for generating the same. Such compositions comprise a prophylactically or therapeutically effective amount of an antibody 604910-1025-8522, v. 1 or a fragment thereof, or a peptide immunogen, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. In a specific embodiment, the term “pharmaceutically acceptable” means approved by a regulatory agency of the Federal or a state government or listed in the U.S. Pharmacopeia or other generally recognized pharmacopeia for use in animals, and more particularly in humans. The term “carrier” refers to a diluent, excipient, or vehicle with which the therapeutic is administered. Such pharmaceutical carriers can be sterile liquids, such as water and oils, including those of petroleum, animal, vegetable or synthetic origin, such as peanut oil, soybean oil, mineral oil, sesame oil and the like. Water is a particular carrier when the pharmaceutical composition is administered intravenously. Saline solutions and aqueous dextrose and glycerol solutions can also be employed as liquid carriers, particularly for injectable solutions. Other suitable pharmaceutical excipients include starch, glucose, lactose, sucrose, gelatin, malt, rice, flour, chalk, silica gel, sodium stearate, glycerol monostearate, talc, sodium chloride, dried skim milk, glycerol, propylene, glycol, water, ethanol and the like. The composition, if desired, can also contain minor amounts of wetting or emulsifying agents, or pH buffering agents. These compositions can take the form of solutions, suspensions, emulsion, tablets, pills, capsules, powders, sustained-release formulations and the like. Oral formulations can include standard carriers such as pharmaceutical grades of mannitol, lactose, starch, magnesium stearate, sodium saccharine, cellulose, magnesium carbonate, etc. Examples of suitable pharmaceutical agents are described in “Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences.” Such compositions will contain a prophylactically or therapeutically effective amount of the antibody or fragment thereof, preferably in purified form, together with a suitable amount of carrier so as to provide the form for proper administration to the patient. The formulation should suit the mode of administration, which can be oral, intravenous, intraarterial, intrabuccal, intranasal, nebulized, bronchial inhalation, intra-rectal, vaginal, topical or delivered by mechanical ventilation. Active vaccines are also envisioned where antibodies like those disclosed are produced in vivo in a subject at risk of Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus infection. Such vaccines can be formulated for parenteral administration, e.g., formulated for injection via the intradermal, intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, or even intraperitoneal routes. Administration by intradermal and intramuscular routes are contemplated. The vaccine could alternatively be administered by a topical route directly to the mucosa, for example by nasal drops, inhalation, by nebulizer, or via intrarectal or vaginal delivery. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts include the acid salts and those which are formed with inorganic acids such as, 614910-1025-8522, v. 1 for example, hydrochloric or phosphoric acids, or such organic acids as acetic, oxalic, tartaric, mandelic, and the like. Salts formed with the free carboxyl groups may also be derived from inorganic bases such as, for example, sodium, potassium, ammonium, calcium, or ferric hydroxides, and such organic bases as isopropylamine, trimethylamine, 2-ethylamino ethanol, histidine, procaine, and the like. Passive transfer of antibodies, known as artificially acquired passive immunity, generally will involve the use of intravenous or intramuscular injections. The forms of antibody can be human or animal blood plasma or serum, as pooled human immunoglobulin for intravenous (IVIG) or intramuscular (IG) use, as high-titer human IVIG or IG from immunized or from donors recovering from disease, and as monoclonal antibodies (MAb). Such immunity generally lasts for only a short period of time, and there is also a potential risk for hypersensitivity reactions, and serum sickness, especially from gamma globulin of non-human origin. However, passive immunity provides immediate protection. The antibodies will be formulated in a carrier suitable for injection, i.e., sterile and syringeable. Generally, the ingredients of compositions of the disclosure are supplied either separately or mixed together in unit dosage form, for example, as a dry lyophilized powder or water-free concentrate in a hermetically sealed container such as an ampoule or sachette indicating the quantity of active agent. Where the composition is to be administered by infusion, it can be dispensed with an infusion bottle containing sterile pharmaceutical grade water or saline. Where the composition is administered by injection, an ampoule of sterile water for injection or saline can be provided so that the ingredients may be mixed prior to administration. The compositions of the disclosure can be formulated as neutral or salt forms. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts include those formed with anions such as those derived from hydrochloric, phosphoric, acetic, oxalic, tartaric acids, etc., and those formed with cations such as those derived from sodium, potassium, ammonium, calcium, ferric hydroxides, isopropylamine, triethylamine, 2-ethylamino ethanol, histidine, procaine, etc. B. ADCC Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) is an immune mechanism leading to the lysis of antibody-coated target cells by immune effector cells. The target cells are cells to which antibodies or fragments thereof comprising an Fc region specifically bind, generally via the protein part that is N-terminal to the Fc region. By “antibody having increased / reduced antibody dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC)” is meant an 624910-1025-8522, v. 1 antibody having increased / reduced ADCC as determined by any suitable method known to those of ordinary skill in the art. As used herein, the term “increased / reduced ADCC” is defined as either an increase / reduction in the number of target cells that are lysed in a given time, at a given concentration of antibody in the medium surrounding the target cells, by the mechanism of ADCC defined above, and / or a reduction / increase in the concentration of antibody, in the medium surrounding the target cells, required to achieve the lysis of a given number of target cells in a given time, by the mechanism of ADCC. The increase / reduction in ADCC is relative to the ADCC mediated by the same antibody produced by the same type of host cells, using the same standard production, purification, formulation and storage methods (which are known to those skilled in the art), but that has not been engineered. For example, the increase in ADCC mediated by an antibody produced by host cells engineered to have an altered pattern of glycosylation (e.g., to express the glycosyltransferase, GnTIII, or other glycosyltransferases) by the methods described herein, is relative to the ADCC mediated by the same antibody produced by the same type of non-engineered host cells. C. CDC Complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) is a function of the complement system. It is the processes in the immune system that kill pathogens by damaging their membranes without the involvement of antibodies or cells of the immune system. There are three main processes. All three insert one or more membrane attack complexes (MAC) into the pathogen which cause lethal colloid-osmotic swelling, i.e., CDC. It is one of the mechanisms by which antibodies or antibody fragments have an anti-viral effect. IV. Antibody conjugates Antibodies of the present disclosure may be linked to at least one agent to form an antibody conjugate. In order to increase the efficacy of antibody molecules as diagnostic or therapeutic agents, it is conventional to link or covalently bind or complex at least one desired molecule or moiety. Such a molecule or moiety may be, but is not limited to, at least one effector or reporter molecule. Effector molecules comprise molecules having a desired activity, e.g., cytotoxic activity. Non-limiting examples of effector molecules which have been attached to antibodies include toxins, anti-tumor agents, therapeutic enzymes, radionuclides, antiviral agents, chelating agents, cytokines, growth factors, and oligo- or polynucleotides. By contrast, a reporter molecule is defined as any moiety which may be detected using an assay. Non- 634910-1025-8522, v. 1 limiting examples of reporter molecules which have been conjugated to antibodies include enzymes, radiolabels, haptens, fluorescent labels, phosphorescent molecules, chemiluminescent molecules, chromophores, photoaffinity molecules, colored particles or ligands, such as biotin. Antibody conjugates are generally preferred for use as diagnostic agents. Antibody diagnostics generally fall within two classes, those for use in in vitro diagnostics, such as in a variety of immunoassays, and those for use in vivo diagnostic protocols, generally known as "antibody-directed imaging." Many appropriate imaging agents are known in the art, as are methods for their attachment to antibodies (see, for e.g., U.S. Patents 5,021,236, 4,938,948, and 4,472,509). The imaging moieties used can be paramagnetic ions, radioactive isotopes, fluorochromes, NMR-detectable substances, and X-ray imaging agents. In the case of paramagnetic ions, one might mention by way of example ions such as chromium (III), manganese (II), iron (III), iron (II), cobalt (II), nickel (II), copper (II), neodymium (III), samarium (III), ytterbium (III), gadolinium (III), vanadium (II), terbium (III), dysprosium (III), holmium (III) and / or erbium (III), with gadolinium being particularly preferred. Ions useful in other contexts, such as X-ray imaging, include but are not limited to lanthanum (III), gold (III), lead (II), and especially bismuth (III). In the case of radioactive isotopes for therapeutic and / or diagnostic application, one might mention astatine211,14carbon,51chromium,36chlorine,57cobalt,58cobalt, copper67,152Eu, gallium67,3hydrogen, iodine123, iodine125, iodine131, indium111,59iron,32phosphorus, rhenium186, rhenium188,75selenium,35sulphur, technicium99mand / or yttrium90.125I is often being preferred for use in certain embodiments, and technicium99mand / or indium111are also often preferred due to their low energy and suitability for long range detection. Radioactively labeled monoclonal antibodies of the present disclosure may be produced according to well-known methods in the art. For instance, monoclonal antibodies can be iodinated by contact with sodium and / or potassium iodide and a chemical oxidizing agent such as sodium hypochlorite, or an enzymatic oxidizing agent, such as lactoperoxidase. Monoclonal antibodies according to the disclosure may be labeled with technetium99mby ligand exchange process, for example, by reducing pertechnate with stannous solution, chelating the reduced technetium onto a Sephadex column and applying the antibody to this column. Alternatively, direct labeling techniques may be used, e.g., by incubating pertechnate, a reducing agent such as SNCl2, a buffer solution such as sodium-potassium phthalate solution, and the antibody. Intermediary functional groups 644910-1025-8522, v. 1 which are often used to bind radioisotopes which exist as metallic ions to antibody are diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) or ethylene diaminetetracetic acid (EDTA). Among the fluorescent labels contemplated for use as conjugates include Alexa 350, Alexa 430, AMCA, BODIPY 630 / 650, BODIPY 650 / 665, BODIPY-FL, BODIPY-R6G, BODIPY-TMR, BODIPY-TRX, Cascade Blue, Cy3, Cy5,6-FAM, Fluorescein Isothiocyanate, HEX, 6-JOE, Oregon Green 488, Oregon Green 500, Oregon Green 514, Pacific Blue, REG, Rhodamine Green, Rhodamine Red, Renographin, ROX, TAMRA, TET, Tetramethylrhodamine, and / or Texas Red. Additional types of antibodies contemplated in the present disclosure are those intended primarily for use in vitro, where the antibody is linked to a secondary binding ligand and / or to an enzyme (an enzyme tag) that will generate a colored product upon contact with a chromogenic substrate. Examples of suitable enzymes include urease, alkaline phosphatase, (horseradish) hydrogen peroxidase or glucose oxidase. Preferred secondary binding ligands are biotin and avidin and streptavidin compounds. The use of such labels is well known to those of skill in the art and are described, for example, in U.S. Patents 3,817,837, 3,850,752, 3,939,350, 3,996,345, 4,277,437, 4,275,149 and 4,366,241. Yet another known method of site-specific attachment of molecules to antibodies comprises the reaction of antibodies with hapten-based affinity labels. Essentially, hapten- based affinity labels react with amino acids in the antigen binding site, thereby destroying this site and blocking specific antigen reaction. However, this may not be advantageous since it results in loss of antigen binding by the antibody conjugate. Molecules containing azido groups may also be used to form covalent bonds to proteins through reactive nitrene intermediates that are generated by low intensity ultraviolet light (Potter and Haley, 1983). In particular, 2- and 8-azido analogues of purine nucleotides have been used as site-directed photoprobes to identify nucleotide binding proteins in crude cell extracts (Owens & Haley, 1987; Atherton et al., 1985). The 2- and 8-azido nucleotides have also been used to map nucleotide binding domains of purified proteins (Khatoon et al., 1989; King et al., 1989; Dholakia et al., 1989) and may be used as antibody binding agents. Several methods are known in the art for the attachment or conjugation of an antibody to its conjugate moiety. Some attachment methods involve the use of a metal chelate complex employing, for example, an organic chelating agent such a diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid anhydride (DTPA); ethylenetriaminetetraacetic acid; N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide; and / or tetrachloro-3α-6α-diphenylglycouril-3 attached to the antibody (U.S. Patents 4,472,509 and 654910-1025-8522, v. 1 4,938,948). Monoclonal antibodies also may be reacted with an enzyme in the presence of a coupling agent such as glutaraldehyde or periodate. Conjugates with fluorescein markers are prepared in the presence of these coupling agents or by reaction with an isothiocyanate. In U.S. Patent 4,938,948, imaging of breast tumors is achieved using monoclonal antibodies and the detectable imaging moieties are bound to the antibody using linkers such as methyl-p- hydroxybenzimidate or N-succinimidyl-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate. In other embodiments, derivatization of immunoglobulins by selectively introducing sulfhydryl groups in the Fc region of an immunoglobulin, using reaction conditions that do not alter the antibody combining site are contemplated. Antibody conjugates produced according to this methodology are disclosed to exhibit improved longevity, specificity and sensitivity (U.S. Patent 5,196,066, incorporated herein by reference). Site-specific attachment of effector or reporter molecules, wherein the reporter or effector molecule is conjugated to a carbohydrate residue in the Fc region have also been disclosed in the literature (O’Shannessy et al., 1987). This approach has been reported to produce diagnostically and therapeutically promising antibodies which are currently in clinical evaluation. V. Immunodetection Methods In still further embodiments, the present disclosure concerns immunodetection methods for binding, purifying, removing, quantifying and otherwise generally detecting Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus and its associated antigens. While such methods can be applied in a traditional sense, another use will be in quality control and monitoring of vaccine and other virus stocks, where antibodies according to the present disclosure can be used to assess the amount or integrity (i.e., long term stability) of antigens in viruses. Alternatively, the methods may be used to screen various antibodies for appropriate / desired reactivity profiles. Other immunodetection methods include specific assays for determining the presence of Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus in a subject. A wide variety of assay formats are contemplated, but specifically those that would be used to detect Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus in a fluid obtained from a subject, such as saliva, blood, plasma, sputum, semen or urine. In particular, semen has been demonstrated as a viable sample for detecting viruses (Purpura et al., 2016; Mansuy et al., 2016; Barzon et al., 2016; Gornet et al., 2016; Duffy et al., 2009; CDC, 2016; Halfon et al., 2010; Elder et al. 2005). The assays may be advantageously formatted for non-healthcare (home) use, including lateral flow assays (see 664910-1025-8522, v. 1 below) analogous to home pregnancy tests. These assays may be packaged in the form of a kit with appropriate reagents and instructions to permit use by the subject of a family member. Some immunodetection methods include enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), radioimmunoassay (RIA), immunoradiometric assay, fluoroimmunoassay, chemiluminescent assay, bioluminescent assay, and Western blot to mention a few. In particular, a competitive assay for the detection and quantitation of Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus antibodies directed to specific parasite epitopes in samples also is provided. The steps of various useful immunodetection methods have been described in the scientific literature, such as, e.g., Doolittle and Ben-Zeev (1999), Gulbis and Galand (1993), De Jager et al. (1993), and Nakamura et al. (1987). In general, the immunobinding methods include obtaining a sample suspected of containing Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus and contacting the sample with a first antibody in accordance with the present disclosure, as the case may be, under conditions effective to allow the formation of immunocomplexes. These methods include methods for purifying Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus or related antigens from a sample. The antibody will preferably be linked to a solid support, such as in the form of a column matrix, and the sample suspected of containing the Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus or antigenic component will be applied to the immobilized antibody. The unwanted components will be washed from the column, leaving the Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus antigen immunocomplexed to the immobilized antibody, which is then collected by removing the organism or antigen from the column. The immunobinding methods also include methods for detecting and quantifying the amount of Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus or related components in a sample and the detection and quantification of any immune complexes formed during the binding process. Here, one would obtain a sample suspected of containing Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus or its antigens and contact the sample with an antibody that binds Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus or components thereof, followed by detecting and quantifying the amount of immune complexes formed under the specific conditions. In terms of antigen detection, the biological sample analyzed may be any sample that is suspected of containing Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus or Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus antigen, such as a tissue section or specimen, a homogenized tissue extract, a biological fluid, including blood and serum, or a secretion, such as feces or urine. Contacting the chosen biological sample with the antibody under effective conditions and for a period of time sufficient to allow the formation of immune complexes (primary 674910-1025-8522, v. 1 immune complexes) is generally a matter of simply adding the antibody composition to the sample and incubating the mixture for a period of time long enough for the antibodies to form immune complexes with, i.e., to bind to Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus or Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus antigens present. After this time, the sample-antibody composition, such as a tissue section, ELISA plate, dot blot or western blot, will generally be washed to remove any non-specifically bound antibody species, allowing only those antibodies specifically bound within the primary immune complexes to be detected. In general, the detection of immunocomplex formation is well known in the art and may be achieved through the application of numerous approaches. These methods are generally based upon the detection of a label or marker, such as any of those radioactive, fluorescent, biological and enzymatic tags. Patents concerning the use of such labels include U.S. Patents 3,817,837, 3,850,752, 3,939,350, 3,996,345, 4,277,437, 4,275,149 and 4,366,241. Of course, one may find additional advantages through the use of a secondary binding ligand such as a second antibody and / or a biotin / avidin ligand binding arrangement, as is known in the art. The antibody employed in the detection may itself be linked to a detectable label, wherein one would then simply detect this label, thereby allowing the amount of the primary immune complexes in the composition to be determined. Alternatively, the first antibody that becomes bound within the primary immune complexes may be detected by means of a second binding ligand that has binding affinity for the antibody. In these cases, the second binding ligand may be linked to a detectable label. The second binding ligand is itself often an antibody, which may thus be termed a “secondary” antibody. The primary immune complexes are contacted with the labeled, secondary binding ligand, or antibody, under effective conditions and for a period of time sufficient to allow the formation of secondary immune complexes. The secondary immune complexes are then generally washed to remove any non-specifically bound labeled secondary antibodies or ligands, and the remaining label in the secondary immune complexes is then detected. Further methods include the detection of primary immune complexes by a two-step approach. A second binding ligand, such as an antibody that has binding affinity for the antibody, is used to form secondary immune complexes, as described above. After washing, the secondary immune complexes are contacted with a third binding ligand or antibody that has binding affinity for the second antibody, again under effective conditions and for a period of time sufficient to allow the formation of immune complexes (tertiary immune complexes). The third ligand or antibody is linked to a detectable label, allowing detection of the tertiary 684910-1025-8522, v. 1 immune complexes thus formed. This system may provide for signal amplification if this is desired. One method of immunodetection uses two different antibodies. A first biotinylated antibody is used to detect the target antigen, and a second antibody is then used to detect the biotin attached to the complexed biotin. In that method, the sample to be tested is first incubated in a solution containing the first step antibody. If the target antigen is present, some of the antibody binds to the antigen to form a biotinylated antibody / antigen complex. The antibody / antigen complex is then amplified by incubation in successive solutions of streptavidin (or avidin), biotinylated DNA, and / or complementary biotinylated DNA, with each step adding additional biotin sites to the antibody / antigen complex. The amplification steps are repeated until a suitable level of amplification is achieved, at which point the sample is incubated in a solution containing the second step antibody against biotin. This second step antibody is labeled, as for example with an enzyme that can be used to detect the presence of the antibody / antigen complex by histo-enzymology using a chromogen substrate. With suitable amplification, a conjugate can be produced which is macroscopically visible. Another known method of immunodetection takes advantage of the immuno-PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) methodology. The PCR method is similar to the Cantor method up to the incubation with biotinylated DNA, however, instead of using multiple rounds of streptavidin and biotinylated DNA incubation, the DNA / biotin / streptavidin / antibody complex is washed out with a low pH or high salt buffer that releases the antibody. The resulting wash solution is then used to carry out a PCR reaction with suitable primers with appropriate controls. At least in theory, the enormous amplification capability and specificity of PCR can be utilized to detect a single antigen molecule. A. ELISAs Immunoassays, in their most simple and direct sense, are binding assays. Certain preferred immunoassays are the various types of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) and radioimmunoassays (RIA) known in the art. Immunohistochemical detection using tissue sections is also particularly useful. However, it will be readily appreciated that detection is not limited to such techniques, and western blotting, dot blotting, FACS analyses, and the like may also be used. In one exemplary ELISA, the antibodies of the disclosure are immobilized onto a selected surface exhibiting protein affinity, such as a well in a polystyrene microtiter plate. Then, a test composition suspected of containing the Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus 694910-1025-8522, v. 1 or Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus antigen is added to the wells. After binding and washing to remove non-specifically bound immune complexes, the bound antigen may be detected. Detection may be achieved by the addition of another anti-Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus antibody that is linked to a detectable label. This type of ELISA is a simple “sandwich ELISA.” Detection may also be achieved by the addition of a second anti-Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus antibody, followed by the addition of a third antibody that has binding affinity for the second antibody, with the third antibody being linked to a detectable label. In another exemplary ELISA, the samples suspected of containing the Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus or Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus antigen are immobilized onto the well surface and then contacted with the anti- Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus antibodies of the disclosure. After binding and washing to remove non-specifically bound immune complexes, the bound anti-Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus antibodies are detected. Where the initial anti-Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus antibodies are linked to a detectable label, the immune complexes may be detected directly. Again, the immune complexes may be detected using a second antibody that has binding affinity for the first anti-Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus antibody, with the second antibody being linked to a detectable label. Irrespective of the format employed, ELISAs have certain features in common, such as coating, incubating and binding, washing to remove non-specifically bound species, and detecting the bound immune complexes. These are described below. In coating a plate with either antigen or antibody, one will generally incubate the wells of the plate with a solution of the antigen or antibody, either overnight or for a specified period of hours. The wells of the plate will then be washed to remove incompletely adsorbed material. Any remaining available surfaces of the wells are then “coated” with a nonspecific protein that is antigenically neutral with regard to the test antisera. These include bovine serum albumin (BSA), casein or solutions of milk powder. The coating allows for blocking of nonspecific adsorption sites on the immobilizing surface and thus reduces the background caused by nonspecific binding of antisera onto the surface. In ELISAs, it is probably more customary to use a secondary or tertiary detection means rather than a direct procedure. Thus, after binding of a protein or antibody to the well, coating with a non-reactive material to reduce background, and washing to remove unbound material, the immobilizing surface is contacted with the biological sample to be tested under conditions 704910-1025-8522, v. 1 effective to allow immune complex (antigen / antibody) formation. Detection of the immune complex then requires a labeled secondary binding ligand or antibody, and a secondary binding ligand or antibody in conjunction with a labeled tertiary antibody or a third binding ligand. “Under conditions effective to allow immune complex (antigen / antibody) formation” means that the conditions preferably include diluting the antigens and / or antibodies with solutions such as BSA, bovine gamma globulin (BGG) or phosphate buffered saline (PBS) / Tween. These added agents also tend to assist in the reduction of nonspecific background. The “suitable” conditions also mean that the incubation is at a temperature or for a period of time sufficient to allow effective binding. Incubation steps are typically from about 1 to 2 to 4 hours or so, at temperatures preferably on the order of 25°C to 27°C or may be overnight at about 4°C or so. Following all incubation steps in an ELISA, the contacted surface is washed so as to remove non-complexed material. A preferred washing procedure includes washing with a solution such as PBS / Tween, or borate buffer. Following the formation of specific immune complexes between the test sample and the originally bound material, and subsequent washing, the occurrence of even minute amounts of immune complexes may be determined. To provide a detecting means, the second or third antibody will have an associated label to allow detection. Preferably, this will be an enzyme that will generate color development upon incubating with an appropriate chromogenic substrate. Thus, for example, one will desire to contact or incubate the first and second immune complex with a urease, glucose oxidase, alkaline phosphatase or hydrogen peroxidase-conjugated antibody for a period of time and under conditions that favor the development of further immune complex formation (e.g., incubation for 2 hours at room temperature in a PBS-containing solution such as PBS-Tween). After incubation with the labeled antibody, and subsequent to washing to remove unbound material, the amount of label is quantified, e.g., by incubation with a chromogenic substrate such as urea, or bromocresol purple, or 2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethyl-benzthiazoline-6- sulfonic acid (ABTS), or H2O2, in the case of peroxidase as the enzyme label. Quantification is then achieved by measuring the degree of color generated, e.g., using a visible spectra spectrophotometer. In another embodiment, the present disclosure contemplates the use of competitive formats. This is particularly useful in the detection of Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus antibodies in sample. In competition-based assays, an unknown amount of analyte or 714910-1025-8522, v. 1 antibody is determined by its ability to displace a known amount of labeled antibody or analyte. Thus, the quantifiable loss of a signal is an indication of the amount of unknown antibody or analyte in a sample. Here, the inventor proposes the use of labeled Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus monoclonal antibodies to determine the amount of Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus antibodies in a sample. The basic format would include contacting a known amount of Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus monoclonal antibody (linked to a detectable label) with Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus antigen or particle. The Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus antigen or organism is preferably attached to a support. After binding of the labeled monoclonal antibody to the support, the sample is added and incubated under conditions permitting any unlabeled antibody in the sample to compete with, and hence displace, the labeled monoclonal antibody. By measuring either the lost label or the label remaining (and subtracting that from the original amount of bound label), one can determine how much non-labeled antibody is bound to the support, and thus how much antibody was present in the sample. B. Western blot The western blot (alternatively, protein immunoblot) is an analytical technique used to detect specific proteins in a given sample of tissue homogenate or extract. It uses gel electrophoresis to separate native or denatured proteins by the length of the polypeptide (denaturing conditions) or by the 3-D structure of the protein (native / non-denaturing conditions). The proteins are then transferred to a membrane (typically nitrocellulose or PVDF), where they are probed (detected) using antibodies specific to the target protein. Samples may be taken from whole tissue or from cell culture. In most cases, solid tissues are first broken down mechanically using a blender (for larger sample volumes), using a homogenizer (smaller volumes), or by sonication. Cells may also be broken open by one of the above mechanical methods. However, it should be noted that bacteria, virus or environmental samples can be the source of protein and thus western blotting is not restricted to cellular studies only. Assorted detergents, salts, and buffers may be employed to encourage lysis of cells and to solubilize proteins. Protease and phosphatase inhibitors are often added to prevent the digestion of the sample by its own enzymes. Tissue preparation is often done at cold temperatures to avoid protein denaturing. The proteins of the sample are separated using gel electrophoresis. Separation of proteins may be by isoelectric point (pI), molecular weight, electric charge, or a combination 724910-1025-8522, v. 1 of these factors. The nature of the separation depends on the treatment of the sample and the nature of the gel. This is a very useful way to determine a protein. It is also possible to use a two-dimensional (2-D) gel which spreads the proteins from a single sample out in two dimensions. Proteins are separated according to isoelectric point (pH at which they have neutral net charge) in the first dimension, and according to their molecular weight in the second dimension. In order to make the proteins accessible to antibody detection, they are moved from within the gel onto a membrane made of nitrocellulose or polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF). The membrane is placed on top of the gel, and a stack of filter papers placed on top of that. The entire stack is placed in a buffer solution which moves up the paper by capillary action, bringing the proteins with it. Another method for transferring the proteins is called electroblotting and uses an electric current to pull proteins from the gel into the PVDF or nitrocellulose membrane. The proteins move from within the gel onto the membrane while maintaining the organization they had within the gel. As a result of this blotting process, the proteins are exposed on a thin surface layer for detection (see below). Both varieties of membrane are chosen for their non- specific protein binding properties (i.e., binds all proteins equally well). Protein binding is based upon hydrophobic interactions, as well as charged interactions between the membrane and protein. Nitrocellulose membranes are cheaper than PVDF but are far more fragile and do not stand up well to repeated probings. The uniformity and overall effectiveness of transfer of protein from the gel to the membrane can be checked by staining the membrane with Coomassie Brilliant Blue or Ponceau S dyes. Once transferred, proteins are detected using labeled primary antibodies, or unlabeled primary antibodies followed by indirect detection using labeled protein A or secondary labeled antibodies binding to the Fc region of the primary antibodies. C. Lateral flow assays Lateral flow assays, also known as lateral flow immunochromatographic assays, are simple devices intended to detect the presence (or absence) of a target analyte in sample (matrix) without the need for specialized and costly equipment, though many laboratory-based applications exist that are supported by reading equipment. Typically, these tests are used as low resources medical diagnostics, either for home testing, point of care testing, or laboratory use. A widely spread and well-known application is the home pregnancy test. The technology is based on a series of capillary beds, such as pieces of porous paper or sintered polymer. Each of these elements has the capacity to transport fluid (e.g., urine) 734910-1025-8522, v. 1 spontaneously. The first element (the sample pad) acts as a sponge and holds an excess of sample fluid. Once soaked, the fluid migrates to the second element (conjugate pad) in which the manufacturer has stored the so-called conjugate, a dried format of bio-active particles (see below) in a salt-sugar matrix that contains everything to guarantee an optimized chemical reaction between the target molecule (e.g., an antigen) and its chemical partner (e.g., antibody) that has been immobilized on the particle's surface. While the sample fluid dissolves the salt- sugar matrix, it also dissolves the particles and in one combined transport action the sample and conjugate mix while flowing through the porous structure. In this way, the analyte binds to the particles while migrating further through the third capillary bed. This material has one or more areas (often called stripes) where a third molecule has been immobilized by the manufacturer. By the time the sample-conjugate mix reaches these strips, analyte has been bound on the particle and the third 'capture' molecule binds the complex. After a while, when more and more fluid has passed the stripes, particles accumulate and the stripe-area changes color. Typically, there are at least two stripes: one (the control) that captures any particle and thereby shows that reaction conditions and technology worked fine, the second contains a specific capture molecule and only captures those particles onto which an analyte molecule has been immobilized. After passing these reaction zones, the fluid enters the final porous material – the wick – that simply acts as a waste container. Lateral Flow Tests can operate as either competitive or sandwich assays. Lateral flow assays are disclosed in U.S. Patent 6,485,982. D. Immunohistochemistry The antibodies of the present disclosure may also be used in conjunction with both fresh-frozen and / or formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue blocks prepared for study by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The method of preparing tissue blocks from these particulate specimens has been successfully used in previous IHC studies of various prognostic factors and is well known to those of skill in the art (Brown et al., 1990; Abbondanzo et al., 1990; Allred et al., 1990). Briefly, frozen-sections may be prepared by rehydrating 50 ng of frozen “pulverized” tissue at room temperature in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) in small plastic capsules; pelleting the particles by centrifugation; resuspending them in a viscous embedding medium (OCT); inverting the capsule and / or pelleting again by centrifugation; snap-freezing in -70°C isopentane; cutting the plastic capsule and / or removing the frozen cylinder of tissue; securing the tissue cylinder on a cryostat microtome chuck; and / or cutting 25-50 serial sections from the capsule. Alternatively, whole frozen tissue samples may be used for serial section cuttings. 744910-1025-8522, v. 1 Permanent-sections may be prepared by a similar method involving rehydration of the 50 mg sample in a plastic microfuge tube; pelleting; resuspending in 10% formalin for 4 hours fixation; washing / pelleting; resuspending in warm 2.5% agar; pelleting; cooling in ice water to harden the agar; removing the tissue / agar block from the tube; infiltrating and / or embedding the block in paraffin; and / or cutting up to 50 serial permanent sections. Again, whole tissue samples may be substituted. E. Immunodetection Kits In still further embodiments, the present disclosure concerns immunodetection kits for use with the immunodetection methods described above. As the antibodies may be used to detect Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus or Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus antigens, the antibodies may be included in the kit. The immunodetection kits will thus comprise, in suitable container means, a first antibody that binds to Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus or Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus antigen, and optionally an immunodetection reagent. In certain embodiments, the Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus antibody may be pre-bound to a solid support, such as a column matrix and / or well of a microtiter plate. The immunodetection reagents of the kit may take any one of a variety of forms, including those detectable labels that are associated with or linked to the given antibody. Detectable labels that are associated with or attached to a secondary binding ligand are also contemplated. Exemplary secondary ligands are those secondary antibodies that have binding affinity for the first antibody. Further suitable immunodetection reagents for use in the present kits include the two- component reagent that comprises a secondary antibody that has binding affinity for the first antibody, along with a third antibody that has binding affinity for the second antibody, the third antibody being linked to a detectable label. As noted above, a number of exemplary labels are known in the art and all such labels may be employed in connection with the present disclosure. The kits may further comprise a suitably aliquoted composition of the Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus or Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus antigens, whether labeled or unlabeled, as may be used to prepare a standard curve for a detection assay. The kits may contain antibody-label conjugates either in fully conjugated form, in the form of intermediates, or as separate moieties to be conjugated by the user of the kit. The components of the kits may be packaged either in aqueous media or in lyophilized form. 754910-1025-8522, v. 1 The container means of the kits will generally include at least one vial, test tube, flask, bottle, syringe or other container means, into which the antibody may be placed, or preferably, suitably aliquoted. The kits of the present disclosure will also typically include a means for containing the antibody, antigen, and any other reagent containers in close confinement for commercial sale. Such containers may include injection or blow-molded plastic containers into which the desired vials are retained. F. Vaccine and antigen quality control assays The present disclosure also contemplates the use of antibodies and antibody fragments as described herein for use in assessing the antigenic integrity of a viral antigen in a sample. Biological medicinal products like vaccines differ from chemical drugs in that they cannot normally be characterized molecularly; antibodies are large molecules of significant complexity and have the capacity to vary widely from preparation to preparation. They are also administered to healthy individuals, including children at the start of their lives, and thus a strong emphasis must be placed on their quality to ensure, to the greatest extent possible, that they are efficacious in preventing or treating life-threatening disease, without themselves causing harm. The increasing globalization in the production and distribution of vaccines has opened new possibilities to better manage public health concerns but has also raised questions about the equivalence and interchangeability of vaccines procured across a variety of sources. International standardization of starting materials, of production and quality control testing, and the setting of high expectations for regulatory oversight on the way these products are manufactured and used, have thus been the cornerstone for continued success. But it remains a field in constant change, and continuous technical advances in the field offer a promise of developing potent new weapons against the oldest public health threats, as well as new ones - malaria, pandemic influenza, and HIV, to name a few - but also put a great pressure on manufacturers, regulatory authorities, and the wider medical community to ensure that products continue to meet the highest standards of quality attainable. Thus, one may obtain an antigen or vaccine from any source or at any point during a manufacturing process. The quality control processes may therefore begin with preparing a sample for an immunoassay that identifies binding of an antibody or fragment disclosed herein to a viral antigen. Such immunoassays are disclosed elsewhere in this document, and any of these may be used to assess the structural / antigenic integrity of the antigen. Standards for 764910-1025-8522, v. 1 finding the sample to contain acceptable amounts of antigenically correct and intact antigen may be established by regulatory agencies. Another important embodiment where antigen integrity is assessed is in determining shelf-life and storage stability. Most medicines, including vaccines, can deteriorate over time. Therefore, it is critical to determine whether, over time, the degree to which an antigen, such as in a vaccine, degrades or destabilizes such that is it no longer antigenic and / or capable of generating an immune response when administered to a subject. Again, standards for finding the sample to contain acceptable amounts of antigenically intact antigen may be established by regulatory agencies. In certain embodiments, viral antigens may contain more than one protective epitope. In these cases, it may prove useful to employ assays that look at the binding of more than one antibody, such as 2, 3, 4, 5 or even more antibodies. These antibodies bind to closely related epitopes, such that they are adjacent or even overlap each other. On the other hand, they may represent distinct epitopes from disparate parts of the antigen. By examining the integrity of multiple epitopes, a more complete picture of the antigen’s overall integrity, and hence ability to generate a protective immune response, may be determined. Antibodies and fragments thereof as described in the present disclosure may also be used in a kit for monitoring the efficacy of vaccination procedures by detecting the presence of protective Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus antibodies. Antibodies, antibody fragment, or variants and derivatives thereof, as described in the present disclosure may also be used in a kit for monitoring vaccine manufacture with the desired immunogenicity. VI. Examples The following examples are included to demonstrate preferred embodiments. It should be appreciated by those of skill in the art that the techniques disclosed in the examples that follow represent techniques discovered by the inventor to function well in the practice of embodiments, and thus can be considered to constitute preferred modes for its practice. However, those of skill in the art should, in light of the present disclosure, appreciate that many changes can be made in the specific embodiments which are disclosed and still obtain a like or similar result without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure. 774910-1025-8522, v. 1 Example 1 – Materials & Methods Human blood sample. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were obtained from a survivor of natural infection (Negredo et al., 2017). First, PBMCs were collected from the individual a few months after the illness had resolved, following informed written consent through a program maintained by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III in Madrid, Spain. The studies were approved by the Institutional Review Boards of Vanderbilt University Medical Center in Nashville, TN, USA and the ethics and research committee of the hospital in Madrid, Spain. Cell culture. SW-13 (CCL-105) (female, adrenal gland / cortex) cells were used for wild-type virus neutralization assays in BSL-4 containment. SW-13 cell cultures were maintained at 37°C in ATCC-formulated Leibovitz’s L-15 Medium (Catalog No.30-2008) and were supplemented with fetal bovine serum (FBS) to a final concentration of 10% with a free gas exchange with atmospheric air. BHK-21 (clone BSR T7 / 5) cell lines were obtained as a gift from Ursula Buchholz. Briefly, this cell line was generated by transfection with pSC6-T7- NEO, encoding the T7 RNA polymerase gene under control of the cytomegalovirus promoter and the neomycin resistance gene (the plasmid was a gift from M. Billeter, Zurich). BHK-21 cells were maintained at 37°C in 5% CO2in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM; Thermo Fisher Scientific) containing 10% (v / v) heat-inactivated FBS (HyClone), 10 mM HEPES pH 7.3, 1 mM sodium pyruvate, 1× non-essential amino acids, and 100 U mL of penicillin-streptomycin with Geneticin selection every other passage. Expi293F cells (Thermo Fisher Scientific, A1452) were maintained at 37 °C in 8% CO2 in Expi293F Expression Medium (Thermo Fisher Scientific, A1435102). The HMMA 2.5 non-secreting mouse-human heteromyeloma cell line (female mouse and female human) were provided by L. Cavacini and M. Posner and was cultured as previously described (Yu et al., 2008). Mycoplasma testing of Expi293F and BHK-21 cultures was performed on a monthly and bimonthly basis, respectively, using a PCR-based mycoplasma detection kit (ATCC, 30–1012 K), and all tests were negative during the time of study. Viruses and tecVLPs. For production of tecVLPs, the inventors used a recombinant plasmid system as previously described (Zivcec et al., 2015). The expression vector, pCAGGS (pC-GPC) was used to express the following codon optimized and synthesized by GenScript Inc open reading frames (ORFs) of the GPC of CCHFV isolates: ArD15786 (DQ211627), Baghdad-12 (AJ538197), Kosova Hoti (EU037902), NIV112143 (JN572085), SPU18 / 88 (KJ682810), Sudan Al-Fulah 3–2008 (HQ378185), YL04057 (FJ562094), IbAr10200, 784910-1025-8522, v. 1 Oman199809166, Turkey200406546, and Afg09. (Zivcec et al., 2015). CCHFV helper plasmids, also previously described, encoding the strain IbAr10200 NP (pC-NP), the codon- optimized L (pCLCK-L, possessing an R substitution at position 16) helper plasmids, and the pL-Luc minigenome plasmids were used. BHK-21 cells stably expressing the T7 RNA polymerase were transfected with pC-NP, pCLCK-L, pL-Luc, and a pC-GPC plasmid using TransIT-LT1 Transfection Reagent according to manufacturer’s recommendations (Mirus Bio LLC). Media was replaced with fresh culture medium the following day, and tecVLP- containing cell supernatants were collected. Virus was passaged and titrated as previously described (Zivcec et al., 2015). CCHFV isolates Turkey-812955 (KY362515, KY362517, and KY362519) and IbAr10200 was propagated in SW-13 cells. The CCHFV IbAr10200 and CCHFV Turkey strain were passaged and titrated by plaque assay in SW-13 cells. Infectious work was approved by the University of Texas Medical Branch Institutional Biosafety Committees and conducted in approved BSL-4 facilities. For the animal efficacy studies, the inventors used CCHFV Turkey strain. Mouse models of infection. Adult (STAT1 KO) mice were obtained from Taconic. Mice were housed in microisolator cages and provided water and food ad libitum. The mouse CCHFV challenge efficacy studies were approved by the University of Texas Medical Branch Institutional Biosafety Committees and conducted in Select Agent-approved animal BSL-4 facilities. Virus neutralization assay. tecVLP generation in BHK-21 T7 expressing cells and neutralization assays were conducted as described previously (Zivcec, et al. 2015). Briefly, NanoLuc signal was assessed in BHK-21 cells incubated with the tecVLPs of various indicated strains above. Culture media was removed from cells, and the cells were washed with PBS, and incubated for 45 mins in passive lysis buffer (Promega) at room temperature.20 μL of cell lysate was removed and added to 20μL of Nano-Glo Luciferase Assay System (Promega) to detect NanoLuc signal in opaque, white 96-well plates using CLARIOstar by BMG LABTECH. Data was normalized to background signal and expressed as a percentage of no- virus control. For the CCHFV plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT), mAbs were serially diluted in SW-13 media and mixed with equal volumes of SW-13 medium containing CCHFV viral particles (100 PFUs per well), and this mixture was incubated for 1 hour at 37°C. Each suspension was added to a monolayer of SW-13 cells of a 6-well plate for 1 h at 37°C. Either 794910-1025-8522, v. 1 CCHFV strains IbAr10200 or Turkey 200406546 strains were used and indicated in respective assays. Following incubation, wells were overlayed with Avicel and incubated for 3-days in 5% CO2 at 37°C. Following incubation, overlay was removed, and cells were fixed and stained for 1 h with formalin containing crystal violet. Plaques were enumerated by visual examination, and reductions of plaque number was reported. The percent relative infection was determined based on the virus-only control. Tests were performed for each antibody in triplicate. IC50 values were determined using a sigmoidal, 4PL nonlinear fit analysis in Prism software version 9 (GraphPad). Hybridoma generation. A survivor of natural infection was identified and described previously (Negredo et al., 2017), and sample was collected a few months post negative PCR test. After written informed consent was obtained, peripheral blood was collected and stored at room temperature until PBMCs could be purified using SepMate tubes (STEMCELL Technologies) per the manufacturer’s protocol and then cryopreserved in 10% (v / v) dimethyl sulfoxide in FBS and stored in the vapor phase of liquid nitrogen. Sample derived in Spain were transferred to the Vanderbilt site. Approximately 107cryopreserved PBMCs were thawed and LCLs were generated as previously described (Yu et al., 2008) from memory B cells within the PBMCs by transformation with Epstein-Barr virus (obtained from B95.8 cells) and supplemented with cell cycle checkpoint kinase 2 inhibitor (Sigma-Aldrich), CpG (Sigma- Aldrich), and cyclosporin A (Sigma-Aldrich) in Medium A (STEMCELL Technologies). One week later, LCLs were counted and then expanded on a feeder layer of gamma-irradiated, human PBMCs from discarded leukofiltration devices. After 7 days, LCL supernatants were screened for the presence of CCHFV Gc, Gn, or GP38 recognizing antibodies using IbAr10200 strain M-segment transfected Expi293F cells on the iQue high-throughput flow cytometer as described below. LCLs from wells containing antibodies that bound to M-segment transfected cells were fused to HMMA2.5 myeloma cells by an established electrofusion technique (Smith and Crowe, 2015). After fusion, hybridoma lines were cultured in a selection medium (with hypoxanthine, aminopterin, and thymidine medium supplements (Sigma-Aldrich) and ouabain (Sigma-Aldrich) in 384-well cell culture plates before screening for CCHFV-specific antibody production in supernatants. Two weeks later, supernatants from the hybridoma cell lines were screened by binding and then cloned by single-cell flow cytometric sorting on a BD FACSAriaTMIII sorting cytometer with aerosol containment in 384-well plates. These cloned cells were expanded in Medium E in 12-well tissue culture-treated plates (Corning) upon 804910-1025-8522, v. 1 reaching 50% confluence and their supernatants were screened for neutralizing activity. MAb- producing hybridoma cell lines were selected from wells displaying binding activity. Antibody production and purification. For hybridoma-derived mAb, clonal cells were grown in 75 cm2flasks to 70% confluency in hybridoma growth medium (ClonaCell-HY medium E from STEMCELL Technologies, 03805). The hybridoma cells were grown to exhaustion in Hybridoma-SFM (1×) serum-free medium (Gibco Hybridoma-SFM, Invitrogen, 12045084) in four 225 cm2flasks. Exhausted hybridoma supernatant was harvested after one month. For the recombinant mAb production, the genes of heavy and light chains were synthesized into cDNA. The fragments were cloned into a full-length IgG1 DNA plasmid expression vector (McLean et al., 2000). The heavy and light chains were transformed into Escherichia coli cells to produce large amounts of DNA. Following the manufacturer’s protocol, plasmids encoding heavy and light antibody chains were transiently transfected into Expi293F cells to produce mAb proteins. Secreted IgGs from recombinant and hybridomas were purified from filtered supernatants by affinity chromatography using Protein G columns (Cytiva, HiTrap Protein G HP columns) on an ÄKTA pure instrument. Purified mAbs were processed by buffer-exchanging into PBS using buffer-exchanged into PBS using Zeba Spin Desalting Columns (Thermo Fisher Scientific), filtering using sterile 0.45 μm Millipore filter devices, concentrated using Amicon Ultra-450 kDa Centrifugal Filter Units (Millipore Sigma) and stored at −80°C. Recombinant mAbs were used for all in vivo experiments, and designated mAbs were either hybridoma or recombinant derived in vitro experiments. MAb isotype and gene sequencing analysis. The antibody heavy- and light-chain variable region genes were obtained from hybridoma cell lines that had been cloned by flow cytometric single-cell sorting. Total RNA extraction was performed using RNeasy Mini Kit (QIAGEN) per the manufacturer’s protocol. Amplification of complementary DNA (cDNA) ends was done using a modified 5′ rapid amplification approach (Turchaninova et al., 2016). Briefly, a mixture of 5 μL of total RNA and cDNA synthesis primer mix (10 μM each) was incubated for at 70°C (2 min), followed by a 42°C incubation step (1–3 mins) for synthesis primer annealing. Post incubation, added to the total RNA reaction was a mixture of 5× first- strand buffer (Clontech), dithiothreitol (20 mM), 5′ template switch oligo (10 μM), deoxynucleotide triphosphate (dNTP) solution (10 mM each), and 10× SMARTScribe Reverse Transcriptase (Clontech) (60 min incubation) at 42°C. The first-strand synthesis reaction was purified using Ampure Size Select Magnetic Bead Kit (ratio of 1.8× [Beckman Coulter]). After purification, a single polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification reaction with 5 μL of first- 814910-1025-8522, v. 1 strand cDNA, 2× Q5 High-Fidelity Master Mix (New England Biolabs), dNTP (10 mM each), forward universal primer (10 μM), and reverse primer mix (0.2 μM each in heavy-chain mix and 0.2 μM each in light-chain mix) was subjected to the following: initial denaturation for 90 sec followed by 30 cycles of denaturation at 98°C for 10 sec, annealing at 60°C for 20 sec, and extension at 72°C for 40 sec, followed by a final extension step at 72°C for 4 min. Primers used here were previously detailed (Turchaninova et al., 2016). Using the AMPure Size Select Magnetic Bead Kit (ratio of 0.6× (Beckman Coulter)), the first PCR reaction was purified. Amplicon libraries were prepared per the Multiplex SMRT Sequencing protocol (Pacific Biosciences) and sequenced on a Sequel instrument (Pacific Biosciences). Raw sequences were demultiplexed, and circular consensus sequences were determined using SMRT Analysis tool suite (Pacific Biosciences). The identities of gene segments, CDRs, and mutations were determined using the ImMunoGeneTics database (Giudicelli and Lefranc, 2011). MAb competition-binding assay using a Gc-Gn cell-surface display system. For antibody preparation, mAbs were directly fluorescently labeled. Briefly, mAbs were labeled with Alexa Fluor 647 NHS ester (Thermo Fisher) by following the manufacturer’s protocol. Labeled mAbs were purified and buffer exchanged into PBS using desalting Zeba columns (Thermo Fisher) and stored at 4°C until use. For cell-display of Gc-Gn, plasmid encoding full- length M segment of CCHFV IbAr10200 was transiently transfected into Expi293F cells per the manufacturer’s protocol. Cells were cultured to produce antigen for 2 days, and cells were either processed for staining or frozen and stored in the vapor phase of liquid nitrogen until use only if cells were >80% viable. Cells (1 x 107) were fixed and permeabilized using BD Cytofix CytopermTMaccording to the manufacturer’s protocol. Cells (50,000 / well) then were plated into 96-well V-bottom plates in permeabilization buffer. Cells were incubated with a saturating concentration (typically 20 µg / mL) of the first unlabeled mAb at room temperature for 30 min. Second fluorescently labeled mAb (5 µg / mL) was added for 30 min without pre-washing to minimize the dissociation of the first mAb. Cells were washed, fixed in 1% PFA, and resuspended in 30 µL of FACS buffer (DPBS, 2 mM EDTA, and 2% FBS). Staining was analyzed using an Intellicyt iQue flow cytometer and MFI values were used for analysis. Background values were determined from binding of second-labeled mAb to mock transfected Expi293F cells. Results were expressed as the percent of binding in the presence of competitor mAb minus background over second mAb-only (maximal binding) minus background. Antibodies were considered competing if the presence of the first antibody reduced the signal of the second antibody to less than 30% of its maximal binding or non-competing if the signal 824910-1025-8522, v. 1 was greater than 70%. Similar assay protocol and outlay were performed to compete the mouse antibodies with human antibodies using the preGn construct, except that the primary antibody used was the mouse or human antibodies (at 20 µg / mL), as indicated in FIG.6. MAb binding assay using a Gc-Gn cell-surface display system. MAbs were serially diluted in PBS and added to fixed and permeabilized (BD Biosciences) CCHFV M-segment (GPC of CCHFV isolates: ArD15786 (DQ211627), Baghdad-12 (AJ538197), Kosova Hoti (EU037902), NIV112143 (JN572085), SPU18 / 88 (KJ682810), Sudan Al-Fulah 3–2008 (HQ378185), YL04057 (FJ562094), IbAr10200, Oman199809166, Turkey200406546, and Afg09. (Zivcec et al., 2015)) transfected 293F cells. CCHFV M-segment transfected 293F cells were fixed and permeabilized using a kit by BD Biosciences, per manufactures protocol and added to V-bottom 96-well plates. For the Gc construct for transient expression, a construct was designed to express Gc (1041-1684) under the MKVIWFSSLICFVIQCSG signal sequence. The preGn-expressing plasmids were also under the same signal sequence while expressing amino acids: 23-842 with the RSKR cleavage site altered to RRLL so as to allow for proper cleavage without co-trafficking along with the Gc glycoprotein). Both constructs were independently transfected similarly to the full-length constructs and designed from the following sequence: world-wide-web at viprbrc.org / brc / proteinSequence.spg?ncbiProteinId=NP_950235&decorator=nairo. To detect antibody binding to Gc, preGn or full-length GPC, mAbs were serially diluted in perm buffer and added to prepared cells expressing their respective constructs for 30 mins at room temperature. After incubation, cells were washed with perm buffer and secondary antibody (anti-human PE-conjugated Southern Biotech, 1:500 dilution) was added in perm buffer for 30 mins at room temperature. Cells were washed in FACS buffer (PBS, 10 mM EDTA, and 2% FBS) then assessed using an iQue flow cytometer. Un-transfected cells were used as the negative control. CCHFV challenge in mice. In the prophylaxis study, experimental groups (n=8 (5 female and 3 male) and control group (n=4 female) consisted of adult STAT-1 KO BL / 6 mice from Taconic. Animals were given 1 mg of CCHF-82 IgG1 or control doses of vehicle or isotype control one day before challenge via the intraperitoneal route (IP). Animals were challenged with 100 plaque forming units (PFUs) of CCHF-Turkey 2004 strain via the IP route. Animals were monitored for weight loss, temperature, and mortality with clinical scoring through day 28 post challenge. In the treatment study, experimental groups (n = 6 for the treatment group, with 3 male and 3 female in each group) in the post exposure study consisted 834910-1025-8522, v. 1 of adult STAT-1 KO BL / 6 mice from Taconic. Animals were inoculated with 100 PFUs of CCHFV (Turkey-2004 strain) by the IP route. Animals were treated with antibody (250 µg for all antibodies, except CCHF-135 at 125 µg) once IP at 30 minutes post infection. Human mAb DENV-2D22 (specific to an unrelated target, dengue virus) was used as the negative control. Mice were monitored daily from 0 to 27 d.p.i. for survival and body weight and survivors were euthanized on 27 d.p.i. Clinical scores indicate the following for each respective numerical value: 1) healthy, 2) ruffled fur and / or lethargic, 3) a score of 2 plus 1 additional clinical sign, such as: hunched posture, orbital tightening, and / or >10% weight loss, 3) a score of 3 plus 1 additional clinical sign such as: reluctance to move when stimulated, and / or >15% weight loss, and 5) >25% weight loss for >2 days, and >25% weight loss with clinical signs scoring 2-4; inability to reach food / water normally; any neurologic signs. If animals were found moribund, animals were immediately euthanatized. Prophylactic studies were performed with recombinant IgG1 forms of the antibody, while post-exposure prophylactic studies were performed with hybridoma-derived lots of the antibodies. Gn ELISA with human serum. For ELISA binding assessment of mAbs, 384-well ELISA plates were directly coated with Gn recombinant protein (The Native Antigen Company-REC31615) at 2 μg / mL (diluted in PBS) and incubated overnight at 4 °C. Plates were washed three times with PBST using an EL406 combination washer dispenser instrument (BioTek) and blocked for 1 h at room temperature with 5% milk powder and 2% goat serum (diluted in PBS). After washing three times with PBST, 30 µL serum diluted in PBS was added to plates and incubated for 1 h at room temperature. Plates were then washed three times, and 30 μL of goat anti-human HRP-conjugated secondary antibodies (Meridian Life Science) diluted 1:1,000 in PBS was added to plates and incubated for 1 h at room temperature. Plates were washed three times, and 25 μL of 1-Step Ultra TMB-ELISA (Thermo Fisher Scientific- 34029) was added for 7 mins, and the reaction was quenched with 25 μL of 1 M HCl. Plates were read for optical density at 405 nm immediately using a BioTek plate reader. Quantification and statistical analysis. Kaplan–Meier survival curves were analyzed using the Mantel-Cox log-rank test. Differences between groups were analyzed by the Fisher’s exact (two-tailed) test. Technical and biological replicates are indicated in the methods and figure legends. Error bars in figures represent SD. Statistical analyses were performed using Prism v9 (GraphPad). 844910-1025-8522, v. 1 Example 2 – Results Human antibodies to diverse strains of CCHFV. The inventors isolated a panel of 66 human antibodies against CCHF from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of a survivor using the hybridoma method (Negredo et al., 2017). The primary screen used in this effort was the following: an M-segment-encoding plasmid with an insert based on the sequence of the CCHFV IbAr10200 strain was transiently transfected into human cells derived from the HEK293 cell line (Expi293FTM) cells for 48 hours so that GP38, Gc, and Gn were all expressed. Supernatants were collected from cultured B cells transformed with Epstein-Barr virus, hybridoma cell lines created by the fusion of transformed B cells with a myeloma cell line, and hybridoma clones isolated by single-cell sorting from hybridoma lines. Supernatants were screened using a high-throughput flow cytometer (iQue) for the presence of antibodies binding to cell-surface-displayed CCHFV antigens expressed from the transfected M segment plasmid DNA. The inventors also screened the supernatant for antibodies binding to a recombinant form of soluble Gn protein with a C-terminal 6xHis tag expressed in mammalian HEK293 cells (corresponding to M segment amino acids 520-690 of the full-length glycoprotein precursor of the M segment of CCHFV; The Native Antigen Company, Kidlington, UK). However, the inventors did not identify any B cell lines that secreted antibodies that bound Gn (data not shown). The inventors determined the antibody variable gene sequences encoding the antibodies isolated from memory B cells of this convalescent individual and grouped the mAbs based on heavy and light chain variable V gene usage (FIG. 1, Supplemental Table 1). The inventors observed many V genes of human heavy and light chains participating in the response to CCHFV infection. Furthermore, limited genetic overlap was observed in the variable genes used in the panel, suggesting that the inventors did not fully interrogate the CCHFV-reactive repertoire even within this one convalescent individual. MAb immunoglobulin proteins were expressed, purified, and tested for binding specificity and function. The inventors categorized the specificity based on the results of cell- surface antigen binding assays with the purified antibody from hybridomas to cells transiently expressing the M-segment of IbAr10200 and / or the Gc protein (FIG. 8). Most of the clones isolated bound to Gc, with only 6 of the antibodies binding to other proteins encoded by the M-segment (encoded in the preGn) (FIGS.8-10). Using mAbs in competition-binding assays on the surface of M-segment transfected cells, the inventors observed roughly 8 competition groups (FIG.2). The competition patterns were complex, and some groups showed significant overlap. This overlap could indicate that some epitopes may span the footprint of more than 854910-1025-8522, v. 1 one major antigenic site, or alternatively, the Fc regions of bound antibodies recognizing differing but adjacent sites may cause steric hindrance. Interestingly, some antibodies in most of the competition-binding groups possessed virus-neutralizing activity, suggesting there are many sites of vulnerability on the virus surface for recognition by naturally occurring human antibodies. Next, the inventors examined the antibodies for breadth of binding (cross-reactive recognition of antigens based on the sequences of diverse field strains of CCHFV). The inventors performed binding assays using titrated antibodies on antigens from various strains of CCHFV using the M-segment-transfected methods for cell-surface display of Gc, Gn, and GP38; Lassa fever virus (LASV) II antigens were used as a control for nonspecific binding. The inventors observed that most of the mAbs cross-reactively bound to diverse CCHFV strains in the panel (FIG. 3A and Table 2). Next, the inventors tested the antibodies for neutralizing activity using transcription and entry-competent virus-like particles (tecVLPs) based on the sequence of CCHFV strain IbAr10200 and that consist of particles containing all CCHFV proteins and a minigenome that is morphologically consistent with authentic CCHFV. Most of the antibodies neutralized the tecVLPs when assessed in a 4-point concentration neutralization assay (FIG.11). Cross-neutralizing human antibodies to diverse strains of CCHFV identified using the tecVLP system. The inventors then asked whether representative antibodies that cross- reactively bind to antigens from diverse strains of CCHFV can also neutralize diverse virus strains on the tec-VLP system. The inventors serially diluted the 10 broadly reactive antibodies and performed neutralization assays with the luciferase reporter system. The inventors observed that all antibodies except CCHF-82, CCHF-50 and the negative control antibody RVFV-296 neutralized diverse CCHFV strains, with a range of potencies noted (FIG.3B and Table 3). The MAb CCHF-82 data showed some enhancement of infection in the tec-VLP system, likely an artifact of the NanoLuc-based neutralization assay sometimes observed with linear scale analysis. Notably, enhancement was not observed with authentic virus testing. The inventors then tested representative mAbs for neutralization of authentic CCHFV strain IbAr10200 (FIG. 12). MAb CCHF-23 was the most potently neutralizing antibody the inventors isolated against both the strain IbAr10200 tec-VLP and the authentic IbAr10200 virus. CCHF-82 did not neutralize the authentic virus Turkish strain or IbAr10200 strain of CCHFV (FIG. 4, FIG. 12). The inventors then further titrated the most potent antibodies against the tecVLPs based on the IbAr10200 and Sudan strains. The inventors observed potent 864910-1025-8522, v. 1 neutralization with CCHF-23, -196, -245, and -263 against the tecVLP expressing the IbAr10200 or Sudan complete glycoprotein precursor (GPC) (FIG. 13). Of the Gc-specific antibodies, CCHF-23 is perhaps the most promising for development as a medical countermeasure because of its potency and breadth of neutralization. Testing of a panel of CCHFV mAbs against the authentic strain IbAr10220 showed most antibodies to this target are only modestly neutralizing, and potently neutralizing antibodies are rare (FIG. 12). Unfortunately, the inventors were unable to convert CCHF-23 from hybridoma-based expression to a recombinant format with efficient expression, most likely due to multiple predicted sequence liabilities (deamidation sites) in the complementarity-determining regions. Further antibody engineering work may be needed to optimize the expression of this antibody at high concentrations in a manufacturing setting. Competition-binding studies for human GP38-specific antibodies and a reference murine mAb. The inventors next sought to organize the antibodies into phenotypically consistent groups that recognize similar major antigenic sites by testing whether any of the preGn-reactive antibodies (FIG. 5) can compete for binding with each other or previously reported murine GP38-specifc mAbs (FIG.6). Using the preGn display system, the inventors tested murine antibodies for binding in the presence of saturating concentrations of the human antibodies. Human mAb CCHF-105 competed only with group 2 mouse antibodies, while CCHF-82 competed or partially competed with both group 1 and group 2 antibodies. Notably, CCHF-82 competed with the mouse antibody 13G8, a non-neutralizing mAb that exhibited protection in a mouse model of infection (Golden et al., 2019). In vivo testing of five human monoclonal antibodies. To determine whether a recombinant IgG1 form of human mAb CCHF-82 protects against CCHFV challenge, the inventors performed a virus challenge study with prophylactic administration of mAb. Using CCHFV strain Turkish 2004 in the STAT1 knockout mouse model, CCHF-82 IgG1 provided a significant level of protection (P= 0.0034) relative to control-treated animals (FIG. 7A). In the same mouse and virus model, the inventors next compared the effect of this non- neutralizing mAb CCHF-82 with several of the most potently neutralizing antibodies in a post- exposure administration study design. For this experiment, the inventors chose five antibodies from diverse competition-binding groups, including testing IgG purified from CCHF-23 hybridoma cell expression. The inventors did not observe protection with any of the neutralizing antibodies the inventors tested, most likely because the Turkish strain used in this model diverges significantly in sequence from the IbAr10200 strain. The inventors observed 874910-1025-8522, v. 1 50% protection with CCHF-82, the non-neutralizing GP38 recognizing antibody (P= 0.0193), which is comparable to the best-in-class GP38 targeting mAbs reported to date (Fels et al., 2021, and Durie et al., 2023) (FIG. 7B). The inventors noted a marked sex difference in the outcome of this study, in that the female mice treated with CCHF-82 survived, whereas the male mice did not (FIGS. 7A-B). The impact of sex difference in outcome in the context of mAb prophylaxis was not clear but deserves further investigation which is in line with other reported results for CCHF infection in rodents (Hawman, et al., 2021). Examples 3 – Discussion Protection against infection or disease after prior exposure to most bunyavirus infections or vaccinations typically correlates well with the serum concentration of neutralizing antibodies to surface proteins, but the mechanisms of immunity to CCHFV seem to contradict this principle. Here, the inventors studied in detail the dominant features in the B cell response of a human survivor to CCHFV infection soon after recovery. The inventors observed diverse patterns of molecular recognition of CCHFV by mAbs encoded in the circulating B cell repertoire, and the clones induced by infection exhibited use of diverse antibody variable genes. Although the inventors isolated Gc-specific neutralizing antibodies that cross-reacted to many of the CCHFV strains the inventors tested, the potency of these mAbs was modest. The inventors did observe the induction of a portion of B cells encoding non-neutralizing antibodies that recognized the viral GP38 protein, which was recently suggested to possess toxin-like activities. Antibodies targeting GP38 provided some protection against CCHFV infection as a post-exposure prophylactic in a lethal mouse model of infection against the Turkish strain. Thus, in the human survivor of the CCHFV infection the inventors studied, the responding B cell repertoire principally encoded Gc-specific neutralizing antibodies and GP38-binding antibodies that may offer some degree of protection against CCHF infection. Limited cross- clade protection with mAbs targeting either Gc or GP38 has been observed (Zivcec, et al., 2016; Fels, et al., 2021; Shin, et al., 2024). Here, the inventors aimed to assess the human antibody response in a donor who was infected with a strain of CCHFV from the African 3 lineage with 99% sequence identify to the Mauritania ArD39554 strain (GenBank accession number: DQ211641) (Negredo, et al., 2017). Understanding cross-clade protection by human antibodies of strains from geographic regions that experience sporadic outbreaks of different CCHFV genotypes may be informative for planning public health measures (Juanes H.M.L et al., 2023). 884910-1025-8522, v. 1 The most interesting antibody the inventors isolated here is perhaps the clone CCHF- 82, which competed for binding with competition group 1 and 2 murine GP38-reactive antibodies from a previous report. CCHF-82 conferred a significant degree of protection in the STAT-1 deficient mouse model of CCHFV infection. The inventors believe further investigation with this antibody in the CCHFV strain IbAr10200 prophylaxis and therapeutic models is warranted, since that strain may be more closely matched in sequence and antigenic presentation to the survivor’s infecting virus than the Turkish strain used in the current model. The inventors suspect that the inventors’ panel of antibodies do not perform well as against the Turkish strain due to antigenic distance away from the infecting strain (a close relative to ArD39554) leading to reduced neutralization potency. In future studies, the inventors will examine the most potently neutralizing antibodies against the IbAr10200 and Hoti strains in the murine model. Non-neutralizing mouse monoclonal antibodies have proven protective in certain mouse models of CCHFV infection (Golden et al., 2019 and Durie et al., 2022). Murine mAb 13G8 binds to GP38 and does not neutralize CCHFV. That antibody protected against lethal challenge when administered as a prophylactic or a therapeutic agent against experimental CCHFV challenge. Here the inventors observed the presence of circulating B cells that encode GP38-recognizing antibodies, although they were present at lower frequency than Gc-binding memory B cells in this survivor. A recent study of GP38 suggested the protein has properties similar to a viral-associated toxin like dengue virus protein nonstructural 1 (NS1) protein, with associated vascular leak and endothelial barrier dysfunction (Pahmeier et al., 2024). If GP38 contributes to pathogenesis in this way, then antibodies such as CCHF-82 might provide protection against CCHF infection or disease through anti-toxin activities (rather than through classical virus neutralization). Moreover, previous studies indicate murine mAb 13G8 functions in part by fixing complement, which contributes to clearance of viruses or virus- infected cells. More work is needed to fully define the extent to which antibodies against GP38 require Fc-effector functions or mediate protection via viral toxin-blocking activity. The role of bound Fc molecules in enhancement complement deposition during CCHFV should be clarified. It may be that early in infection complement contributes to protection, however, the inventors caution that enhanced Fc-mediated complement deposition in tissues during the later stages of a highly inflammatory acute viral infection later might exacerbate disease. Additionally, the protective capacity of human antibodies directed towards NP (nucleoprotein) 894910-1025-8522, v. 1 has not been systematically assessed despite evidence of their protective capacity in mice following vaccination (Leventhal, et al., 2022, Sorvillo, et al., 2024). It is surprising that Gc-specific antibodies the inventors and others have isolated are not more potently neutralizing. It is possible the sites of most vulnerability to neutralization are less accessible and antibodies recognizing those sites are subdominant. The low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) has recently been described as a receptor for CCHFV (Monteil et al., 2024). The inventors reason that blocking receptor engagement ought to neutralize virus infection efficiently. More work to determine the receptor binding domain will be required and to see if neutralizing antibodies can block receptor binding on the Gc protein as an avenue for rational antibody combination design. Although the inventors attempted to identify antibodies that bound to either Gn or the interface between Gc / Gn, none were identified. This finding does not necessarily mean that these antibodies do not exist but rather suggests that they are rare, that survivor seroconversion to Gn may be infrequent, or that the approaches used for Gn antibody discovery thus far are not able to sufficiently identify them. The inventors observed in sera the existence of CCHFV Gn-specific antibodies (FIG. 15). Alternative approaches for Gn antibody may be warranted using Gc / Gn stabilized immunogen design (McFadden, et al., 2024), virus-like particles, or a functional neutralization screening test to aid in the discovery of antibodies recognizing novel epitopes for neutralization and their associated B cells. 904910-1025-8522, v. 1).s3 A b R A D( 0101 7 901090 1A Chtg1 1 1L n hc3 A(decP G YF W S V Y L G F S W T D D V W F KeR s DicneT S Cauq VP G Y R L T S D W Y H S D T H V G M M G L D DsD LP A Y Y F F e HniesHP D H P Y L Y N Y Ge eR R H G afa R A G R G D A LS R T K A A R K A R VnecitA T A A TgeynedgJ Hene4J4 4 4 6 6 4 4 4oni J J J J J J J JaGIg b hitcyve9 0 0 1 0 0 an AaeD Hne1-1-1-11-2-21-1-1- / 33-5.HGIg6 3 1 D D D 3 D D 4 3 3 D D D D R1Oelb ned y V aoigitg olH%, 3.6.7.9.6.6.3.7.0.Telr-oelo c m G V u oIeone896969695979798979atn htgne el1 4 0 10 4 0 10 1 1 4 1 1m VelHe enll*1 * 0 * 1 * D * 0 3 * 0 0 1 * * 0.9 *9 v GeIgad5-2- 9 4- 3 4-2-2-9-34-3- ,2p n 5 p a V 3 V 3 3 3 3 V V V V 3 V 4 V 25u8-5 S b,F 20 Aen H- 2 3 44 9 1 3 1- M ol5 7cC1 1 2 20 C 1 94 N M L Y T D M Q G N W L D P M F W D D P G MS R W F Y Y T F L S Y V V H Y R R V F T N A T G F Y Y V T T Y D R L D S R W P D D T R N L F G A K A R H R E D R D Y G A R R L A V A A R A R A A K A AA5J4J5J6J2J4J6J4J4J6J4J4J4J2- 6 / a 3- 0 28-3- 61- 2 023 21-3 3 511-2- 2 32- 12-2- -21- D D 3 3 D D 1 D 3 1 D 6 D R O D D D D D D 6.70.87.0.6.6.3.6.6.3.6.0.9.9 969694969896969995989591 1 0 0 10 10 10 20 10 2 40 1 1 0 1 0* 1 1 * * 9- 8 * 1- 9 * 3- 6 * 4- 9 * 6 0 * 0* * * 0*2396 4- 9481 3- -0*.v 89- ,3- - -4- -13V V V V V V V V -4 3 2 V 1 4 1 1 3 1 V 3 1 V V 2 V 5 8-520 040555951626465617273747571-01 94 D D T M R L Y S P PS W N VKIFID M D TP D W G YIA Y A N Y W F G T DF SE S TAIP P SF Y H V A F V D A R DF Y G H V A S Y C D R Y WSIS P G Y D Y R V F AE Y W D D Y Y G G H Y F R A G L D S G D S Y G D R H L L L M S Y L L Y G R G P H H G G S G R D K E G R N H P A A S R W A R R R A Q H Y R V F R R A D A A A S A A R R A A A A T A 6J3J1J5J4J5J4J5J6J6J4J4J3J4J6 2-8- 226 3 9 9 4 6 4 2 1 22- -22-1-1-8-23-31-2-1-2-1- D 3 D 1 6 6 6 5 3 5 5 D D D D D D D D D D D D 0.79.59.63.69.23.59.57.53.93.73.4.6.3.9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 95949799980* 1 1 0 0 - * 1 30 2 10 10 10 2 3 40 10 10 1 4 * 0 820 * 0 * * * 0 0 * * *.v 3-5--8 *1 6 * 4 13-1-4-4- 11- 93- 1 * * 5-4- 1 94338,3 1 4 3 4 5 43- - -1- 2 4 3 3 1 2 V V 4 V V V V V V V V V V 5 8-52 79728688859 405 60 78 4 5 6 71010101111111111-01 94 G Y S VIC P D G L Y V A S G D H R D Y Q Q Y Y L F S C Y D G P PYP P S E D V A W G M S F G T LID Y W G D P T Y Y T S HTIF R Y E Y S T GTIS S AE G D G Y C T A A S T W S S G L L G C DP S N G A GE H H A L R YS K G RSIG D V A R A A A A R R K A V A 4J4J4J6J4J4J4J3J2J5J4J4J4J2 1- 9 51-9- 0 6 31-2-28- 0 22- 3 1-2-22- 6 22- 8 1- 6 2- D 3 1 6 1 5 1 D D D D D D D D D D D D 7.32.33.76.60.99.43.55.63.0.9.2.9.9 9 9 9 9 9 9 979696959691 1 1 1 3 1 1 2 1 0 0 4 0 1 0 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 1 * * 0 * 0 * * 0 * 0 * *.9 4 * 9 * 3 6 * 6 * *2- v 5-2- 95-7-2-4-4-4-9- 93- 038,4 14- 4 3 3 4 3 -3V V V V V - 2 V V 3 V V 1 V 1 V 4 3 4 2 V 5 8-52 250 37 4 0 2 3 4 6 2 6 7 813131419191919191020202021-01 1. v,2258-5201-0194 59 TL S 1J K 0.99 10*02-3V K κ 91 VDM Y 6 J 31-6 D 6.79 10*93-4 V 112 PSSGHE Q YHNRFWSSSGSPPS A

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[0003] 1. v,2258-5201-0194 79 > 5lacig * * *642 882 042, 1 > 422 897 633, 5 598 731 704 )-FHCC ( ** *sbA mnamu hy bnoitazilartue nro f eula v)05CI (noitartnecno cyrotibihn ilamixam-fla H bA M sbA mnamu hy b)sPLVcet (sPL V tnetepmoc-yrtn edn a-noitpircsnar t VFHC Cr o00201rAb Iniart s VFHC Ccitnehtu af onoitazilartue N.3 Selba Tlatnemelppu S

[0004] 1. v,2258-5201-019489 632 5 -FHCC 4 291 -FHCC 3 2 091 -FHCC 1 noige Recneuqe Selbaira V niah C D Iqe S enol C NOIGE RELBAIRA VYDOBITN ARO SEDITOELCU N: 1ELBA T

[0005] C C A C A C T A A T C C G A A C A G A C C G A C G C T G T TT A A C A T C A T C T G G G A T A T T A T G C T A T C G G TG A A G A A A G G G G A G G A G G A C T G A C G A G T G G CA C G A C A T G T T A C A T C A T C C A A C G A C A C T A TC G G C C G G T C G C G C C C C C A G G C G G C C G A T C AC A T G A G A A G G G A A A A A A A A G G A G G A G A A C GC T T T G T C G C C C T A G G T C G C T C T A T G A C T A AA T T C G G T T A A A A T C A G G T A A G A T C C G A T T A T AG A A C G G T A C T C G G C G G G C C C A G G C C G G C T A C CT C A G T T A T A C T T T T G T T C C A T T T A G A T A A A C TA A C A C C C A A A C T G A A C C C T G G A G C A A T C C A C CG G C C C G A C G T C G A C C C G A A A A G A C C C C T T C A CA G T G C A C T A C T T G G T C A C G C G T G T G C C T C C G TC A A A G C T A A G C G A T A G C A T A C G A A A G A T A T G CC C C C G G T T C C T T C C C G C T T T A A C C C G C T C C T TT T G T C T G A C T G T T G G C T A T C T T T G T C T G G C C GA G T A T G G T C A C A G T A T G G T T C A A G T A T A G T A G CC A A C T G G T T G C A A A C T G G G T C C A A G C T G G T C C CA G G C T A T G A A A A C T T T A C G C A T A C G C G A T C A A A G C C A C C C A A A C G C C C C C C A A C C G C T A C C C G G C C t y t y t y h v h v h v g a g a g a i e i e i e l h l h l h 1.v 0,6 7 8 9 1 1 1 225 8- - - - 52 F 9 F F 0 H 0 3 C 3 H 4 H 41-0 C 2 C C 2 C C 2 1 94 G A A A G G A G G G G A C G A G A T C T G G A G G G A G C T C G CA C C A G A T G T G A C G A G A C T G G A G A G C A C A T A T A GC G G C G G G T C C C G G C G C G C G T C G C G G G G T T T C C TC C T G A G A A A T G A G G G G A C A G G G A T G G A G G G C T CC T T T C T C G C C C T A T A T C G C A C C G C C A C C A T T C CA T A C C G T T A G A T C C A G T T A C A T C A T C T T C C C A TG A G T A G T A C A G G C C C G T C C G G A A C T G A A C C T G CT C A G G T C T A G T T A G C T C C G G T C A T G T C T A G G T CA C C G G C C G A G A G C A G C C A A G C A T A T C C C A T C A GG A C C G G A G G G G A C C G G A T G C G A G C G G T T G C C G AA G T G A A C C A A T G T G C A C A C C T C C C A A C A A C A T GC A A A A C T A A C G A A A T C C C A G G C T G A C G A A A C G AC C C C C G T T C T A C C C T G G T C G T T A G A G G A C A T T CT T G T C T A A C G C T G T G T A A C C C C T T C T T G C G G T TA G T A G G G T T C A G T A C G G G T A T G C C G G G G T A G A GC A C C G G G T C C A A G C A G G T A G G A T C G G G G G A C T AA A G C C A T T A C A C G C G A T G A A A C A C T A T G A A A A T G C T A T C C A A C G C T A G C C A G G G C G C T C C C T A G C G C t y t y t y t h v h v h v h g a g a g a g i e i e i e i l h l h l h l 1.v 2 3 4 5 6 7 8,1 1 1 1 1 1 1 225 8- - - - 52 F 5 F 2 F 0 H 4 H 9 5 H1- C 5 0 C 2 C C 2 C C 2 1 94 T A T G A G C G G T C A A G A G G A G A C G C G A G G G G A C G AT A C A C G T C A A T C G A T G T G A C G A A A C G T T A C G A CT A C C C T G A C A C G G G G T C G C G G C C G C T C C C G G C CA G A G A G A A A G C G G G A A G G G A G G A G A G G T G A G G AT T C T C A C G C G C A A T C G C G C T A T G T T G C T C T A T GC C T G T T A A A A G C G G T T A T A T C C G T T T A G A T C C GT A A G T C C A G A G C G G T A C C G G C C G G T G C G G G C C GA C G T C C G T T A A T C T C T A A T T A G A T C G A G T T A G AG A C C C C A C A C C G G G T C G A C A G C A A C C T A G A G C A GT T C G A A G A C G C A A G G A G G C G A C C C G A G G G G A C C GC T T A C A C T T A G G G C C C C A C T G T G C A C A A C T G T G CC T C C A C A C C G T T G T C T A A G G A A A G C T T A C G A A A GT T C G T T C C C T T G T T G T T C C A C C C G G T T C C A C C C GC A T T A A C C T A A A G A T A A C T T T G T C T A A C T T T G T CG G C G G A T A C T C C A T G G T T A A G T A T G G T T G A G T A TA A A G G T G G T C G A C A G G T C A A A G C T G G C T G A A G C TC C A A T T C A G C T G T G A T T A A A C G C C A T G A A A C G C T A A A C C A A G C T A A A T C C A A A G C T A C G C A A A G C T A C y t y t y t v h v h v h a g a g a g e i e i e i h l h l h l 1.v 9 0 1 2 3 4,1 2 2 2 2 2 225 8- - - - 52 F 3 F 8 F 0 H 6 H 5 6 H1- C 7 0 C 2 C C 2 C C 2 1 94 TABLE 2: PROTEIN SEQUENCES FOR ANTIBODY VARIABLE REGION Clone Seq ID Chain Variable Sequence Region EVQLVESGGGLVQPGGSLRLSCAASGFTFSSNWMSWVRQAPGKGLEWVANIK TS S V S Y S V N M S K S A A K D Y S K L L S V R G S T I S R G 1024910-1025-8522, v. 1 QVQLQESGPGLVKPSGTLSLTCAVSGGSISSNNWWSWVRQPPGKGLEWLGEI 41 heavy YRSGNTNYNTSLKSRVTISLDKSKNQFSLKLSSVTAADTAVYYCARKNLPVL CCHF LWFGAGDYYYMDVWGKGTTVTVSS L F N E E T R I S R S G S K 1034910-1025-8522, v. 1 TABLE 3: HEAVY CHAIN CDR SEQUENCES Clone CDRH1 CDRH2 CDRH3 GFTFSSNW IKEDGSEK ASYCSSTSCHIDPIDY CCHF-190 1044910-1025-8522, v. 1 TABLE 4: LIGHT CHAIN CDR SEQUENCES Clone CDRL1 CDRL2 CDRL3 QSISKY TAS QQGYSTPRT CCHF-190 1054910-1025-8522, v. 1 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * All of the compositions and methods disclosed and claimed herein can be made and executed without undue experimentation in light of the present disclosure. While the compositions and methods of this disclosure have been described in terms of preferred embodiments, it will be apparent to those of skill in the art that variations may be applied to the compositions and methods and in the steps or in the sequence of steps of the method described herein without departing from the concept, spirit and scope of the disclosure. More specifically, it will be apparent that certain agents which are both chemically and physiologically related may be substituted for the agents described herein while the same or similar results would be achieved. All such similar substitutes and modifications apparent to those skilled in the art are deemed to be within the spirit, scope and concept of the disclosure as defined by the appended claims. 1064910-1025-8522, v. 1 VII. 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Claims

WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:

1. A method of detecting a Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus infection in a subject comprising: (a) contacting a sample from said subject with an antibody or antibody fragment having clone-paired heavy and light chain CDR sequences from Tables 3 and 4, respectively; and (b) detecting Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus in said sample by binding of said antibody or antibody fragment to a Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus antigen in said sample.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein said sample is a body fluid.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the body fluid is blood, sputum, tears, saliva, mucous or serum, semen, cervical or vaginal secretions, amniotic fluid, placental tissues, urine, exudate, transudate, tissue scrapings or feces.

4. The method of any one of claims 1-3, wherein detection comprises ELISA, RIA, lateral flow assay or Western blot.

5. The method of any one of claims 1-4, further comprising performing steps (a) and (b) a second time and determining a change in Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus antigen levels as compared to the first assay.

6. The method of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the antibody or antibody fragment is encoded by clone-paired variable sequences as set forth in Table 1.

7. The method of any one of claims 1-5, wherein said antibody or antibody fragment is encoded by light and heavy chain variable sequences having 70%, 80%, or 90% identity to clone-paired variable sequences as set forth in Table 1. 1154910-1025-8522, v.

18. The method of any one of claims 1-5, wherein said antibody or antibody fragment is encoded by light and heavy chain variable sequences having 95% identity to clone- paired sequences as set forth in Table 1.

9. The method of claims 1-5, wherein said antibody or antibody fragment comprises light and heavy chain variable sequences according to clone-paired sequences from Table 2.

10. The method of any one of claims 1-5, wherein said antibody or antibody fragment comprises light and heavy chain variable sequences having 70%, 80% or 90% identity to clone-paired sequences from Table 2.

11. The method of any one of claims 1-5, wherein said antibody or antibody fragment comprises light and heavy chain variable sequences having 95% identity to clone-paired sequences from Table 2.

12. The method of any one of claims 1-11, wherein the antibody fragment is a recombinant scFv (single chain fragment variable) antibody, Fab fragment, F(ab′)2fragment, or Fv fragment.

13. A method of treating a subject infected with Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus or reducing the likelihood of infection of a subject at risk of contracting Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus, comprising delivering to said subject an antibody or antibody fragment having clone-paired heavy and light chain CDR sequences from Tables 3 and 4, respectively.

14. The method of claim 13, the antibody or antibody fragment is encoded by clone-paired light and heavy chain variable sequences as set forth in Table 1.

15. The method of claim 13 or claim 14, the antibody or antibody fragment is encoded by clone-paired light and heavy chain variable sequences having 95% identity to as set forth in Table 1. 1164910-1025-8522, v.

116. The method of claim 13 or claim 14, wherein said antibody or antibody fragment is encoded by light and heavy chain variable sequences having 70%, 80%, or 90% identity to clone-paired sequences from Table 1.

17. The method of claim 13, wherein said antibody or antibody fragment comprises light and heavy chain variable sequences according to clone-paired sequences from Table 2.

18. The method of claim 13, wherein said antibody or antibody fragment comprises light and heavy chain variable sequences having 70%, 80% or 90% identity to clone-paired sequences from Table 2.

19. The method of claim 13, wherein said antibody or antibody fragment comprises light and heavy chain variable sequences having 95% identity to clone-paired sequences from Table 2.

20. The method of any one of claims 13-19, wherein said antibody is a chimeric antibody or a bispecific antibody, or wherein the antibody fragment is a recombinant scFv (single chain fragment variable) antibody, Fab fragment, F(ab′)2 fragment, or Fv fragment.

21. The method of any one of claims 13-20, wherein said antibody is an IgG, or a recombinant IgG antibody or antibody fragment comprising an Fc portion mutated to alter (eliminate or enhance) FcR interactions, to increase half-life and / or increase therapeutic efficacy, such as a LALA, LALA PG, N297, GASD / ALIE, DHS, YTE or LS mutation or glycan modified to alter (eliminate or enhance) FcR interactions such as enzymatic or chemical addition or removal of glycans or expression in a cell line engineered with a defined glycosylating pattern.

22. The method of any one of claims 13-21, wherein said antibody or antibody fragment is administered prior to infection.

23. The method of any one of claims 13-21, wherein said antibody or antibody fragment is administered after infection. 1174910-1025-8522, v.

124. The method of any one of claims 13-23, wherein said subject is a pregnant female, a sexually active female, or a female undergoing fertility treatments.

25. The method of any one of claims 13-24, wherein delivering comprises antibody or antibody fragment administration, or genetic delivery with an RNA or DNA sequence or vector encoding the antibody or antibody fragment.

26. A monoclonal antibody, wherein the antibody or antibody fragment is characterized by clone-paired heavy and light chain CDR sequences from Tables 3 and 4, respectively.

27. The monoclonal antibody of claim 26, wherein said antibody or antibody fragment is encoded by light and heavy chain variable sequences according to clone-paired sequences from Table 1.

28. The monoclonal antibody of claim 26, wherein said antibody or antibody fragment is encoded by light and heavy chain variable sequences having at least 70%, 80%, or 90% identity to clone-paired sequences from Table 1.

29. The monoclonal antibody of claim 26, wherein said antibody or antibody fragment is encoded by light and heavy chain variable sequences having at least 95% identity to clone-paired sequences from Table 1.

30. The monoclonal antibody of claim 26, wherein said antibody or antibody fragment comprises light and heavy chain variable sequences according to clone-paired sequences from Table 2.

31. The monoclonal antibody of claim 26, wherein said antibody or antibody fragment comprises light and heavy chain variable sequences having 95% identity to clone-paired sequences from Table 2.

32. The monoclonal antibody of claims 26-31, wherein the antibody fragment is a recombinant scFv (single chain fragment variable) antibody, Fab fragment, F(ab′)2fragment, or Fv fragment. 1184910-1025-8522, v.

133. The monoclonal antibody of any one of claims 26-31, wherein said antibody is a chimeric antibody, or is bispecific antibody.

34. The monoclonal antibody of any one of claims 26-33, wherein said antibody is an IgG, or a recombinant IgG antibody or antibody fragment comprising an Fc portion mutated to alter (eliminate or enhance) FcR interactions, to increase half-life and / or increase therapeutic efficacy, such as a LALA, LALA PG, N297, GASD / ALIE, DHS, YTE or LS mutation or glycan modified to alter (eliminate or enhance) FcR interactions such as enzymatic or chemical addition or removal of glycans or expression in a cell line engineered with a defined glycosylating pattern.

35. The monoclonal antibody of any one of claims 26-34, or wherein said antibody or antibody fragment further comprises a cell penetrating peptide and / or is an intrabody.

36. A hybridoma or engineered cell encoding an antibody or antibody fragment wherein the antibody or antibody fragment is characterized by clone-paired heavy and light chain CDR sequences from Tables 3 and 4, respectively.

37. The hybridoma or engineered cell of claim 36, wherein said antibody or antibody fragment is encoded by light and heavy chain variable sequences according to clone- paired sequences from Table 1.

38. The hybridoma or engineered cell of claim 36, wherein said antibody or antibody fragment is encoded by light and heavy chain variable sequences having at least 70%, 80%, or 90% identity to clone-paired variable sequences from Table 1.

39. The hybridoma or engineered cell of claim 36, wherein said antibody or antibody fragment is encoded by light and heavy chain variable sequences having 95% identity to clone-paired variable sequences from Table 1.

40. The hybridoma or engineered cell of claim 36, wherein said antibody or antibody fragment comprises light and heavy chain variable sequences according to clone-paired sequences from Table 2. 1194910-1025-8522, v.

141. The hybridoma or engineered cell of claim 36, wherein said antibody or antibody fragment is encoded by light and heavy chain variable sequences having at least 70%, 80%, or 90% identity to clone-paired variable sequences from Table 2.

42. The hybridoma or engineered cell of claim 36, wherein said antibody or antibody fragment comprises light and heavy chain variable sequences having 95% identity to clone-paired sequences from Table 2.

43. The hybridoma or engineered cell of any one of claims 36-42, wherein the antibody fragment is a recombinant scFv (single chain fragment variable) antibody, Fab fragment, F(ab′)2 fragment, or Fv fragment.

44. The hybridoma or engineered cell of any one of claims 36-43, wherein said antibody is a chimeric antibody or a bispecific antibody.

45. The hybridoma or engineered cell of any one of claims 36-43, wherein said antibody is an IgG, or a recombinant IgG antibody or antibody fragment comprising an Fc portion mutated to alter (eliminate or enhance) FcR interactions, to increase half-life and / or increase therapeutic efficacy, such as a LALA, LALA PG, N297, GASD / ALIE, DHS, YTE or LS mutation or glycan modified to alter (eliminate or enhance) FcR interactions such as enzymatic or chemical addition or removal of glycans or expression in a cell line engineered with a defined glycosylating pattern.

46. The hybridoma or engineered cell of any one of claims 36-45, wherein said antibody or antibody fragment further comprises a cell penetrating peptide and / or is an intrabody.

47. A vaccine formulation comprising one or more antibodies or antibody fragments characterized by clone-paired heavy and light chain CDR sequences from Tables 3 and 4, respectively.

48. The vaccine formulation of claim 47, wherein at least one of said antibodies or antibody fragments is encoded by light and heavy chain variable sequences according to clone- paired sequences from Table 1. 1204910-1025-8522, v.

149. The vaccine formulation of claim 47, wherein at least one of said antibodies or antibody fragments is encoded by light and heavy chain variable sequences having at least 70%, 80%, or 90% identity to clone-paired sequences from Table 1.

50. The vaccine formulation of claim 47, wherein at least one of said antibodies or antibody fragments is encoded by light and heavy chain variable sequences having at least 95% identity to clone-paired sequences from Table 1.

51. The vaccine formulation of claim 47, wherein at least one of said antibodies or antibody fragments comprises light and heavy chain variable sequences according to clone- paired sequences from Table 2.

52. The vaccine formulation of claim 47, wherein at least one of said antibodies or antibody fragments comprises light and heavy chain variable sequences having 95% identity to clone-paired sequences from Table 2.

53. The vaccine formulation of any one of claims 47-52, wherein at least one of said antibody fragments is a recombinant scFv (single chain fragment variable) antibody, Fab fragment, F(ab′)2fragment, or Fv fragment.

54. The vaccine formulation of any one of claims 47-52, wherein at least one of said antibodies is a chimeric antibody or is bispecific antibody.

55. The vaccine formulation of any one of claims 47-54, wherein said antibody is an IgG, or a recombinant IgG antibody or antibody fragment comprising an Fc portion mutated to alter (eliminate or enhance) FcR interactions, to increase half-life and / or increase therapeutic efficacy, such as a LALA, LALA PG, N297, GASD / ALIE, DHS, YTE or LS mutation or glycan modified to alter (eliminate or enhance) FcR interactions such as enzymatic or chemical addition or removal of glycans or expression in a cell line engineered with a defined glycosylating pattern. 1214910-1025-8522, v.

156. The vaccine formulation of any one of claims 47-55, wherein at least one of said antibodies or antibody fragments further comprises a cell penetrating peptide and / or is an intrabody.

57. A vaccine formulation comprising one or more expression vectors encoding a first antibody or antibody fragment according to any one of claims 26-34.

58. The vaccine formulation of claim 57, wherein said expression vector(s) is / are Sindbis virus or VEE vector(s).

59. The vaccine formulation of claim 57 or claim 58, formulated for delivery by needle injection, jet injection, or electroporation.

60. The vaccine formulation of claim 57, further comprising one or more expression vectors encoding for a second antibody or antibody fragment, such as a distinct antibody or antibody fragment of any one of claims 26-34.

61. A method of protecting the health of a placenta and / or fetus of a pregnant a subject infected with or at risk of infection with Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus comprising delivering to said subject an antibody or antibody fragment having clone- paired heavy and light chain CDR sequences from Tables 3 and 4, respectively.

62. The method of claim 61, the antibody or antibody fragment is encoded by clone-paired light and heavy chain variable sequences as set forth in Table 1.

63. The method of claim 61 or claim 62, the antibody or antibody fragment is encoded by clone-paired light and heavy chain variable sequences having 95% identity to as set forth in Table 1.

64. The method of claim 61 or claim 62, wherein said antibody or antibody fragment is encoded by light and heavy chain variable sequences having 70%, 80%, or 90% identity to clone-paired sequences from Table 1. 1224910-1025-8522, v.

165. The method of claim 61, wherein said antibody or antibody fragment comprises light and heavy chain variable sequences according to clone-paired sequences from Table 2.

66. The method of claim 61, wherein said antibody or antibody fragment comprises light and heavy chain variable sequences having 70%, 80% or 90% identity to clone-paired sequences from Table 2.

67. The method of claim 61, wherein said antibody or antibody fragment comprises light and heavy chain variable sequences having 95% identity to clone-paired sequences from Table 2.

68. The method of any one of claims 61-67, wherein the antibody fragment is a recombinant scFv (single chain fragment variable) antibody, Fab fragment, F(ab′)2 fragment, or Fv fragment.

69. The method of any one of claims 61-68, wherein said antibody is an IgG, or a recombinant IgG antibody or antibody fragment comprising an Fc portion mutated to alter (eliminate or enhance) FcR interactions, to increase half-life and / or increase therapeutic efficacy, such as a LALA, LALA PG, N297, GASD / ALIE, DHS, YTE or LS mutation or glycan modified to alter (eliminate or enhance) FcR interactions such as enzymatic or chemical addition or removal of glycans or expression in a cell line engineered with a defined glycosylating pattern.

70. The method of any one of claims 61-67 wherein said antibody is a chimeric antibody or a bispecific antibody.

71. The method of any one of claim 61-70, wherein said antibody or antibody fragment is administered prior to infection or after infection.

72. The method of any one of claims 61-71, wherein said subject is a pregnant female, a sexually active female, or a female undergoing fertility treatments. 1234910-1025-8522, v.

173. The method of any one of claims 61-72, wherein delivering comprises antibody or antibody fragment administration, or genetic delivery with an RNA or DNA sequence or vector encoding the antibody or antibody fragment.

74. The method of claim 61, wherein the antibody or antibody fragment increases the size of the placenta as compared to an untreated control.

75. The method of claim 61, wherein the antibody or antibody fragment reduces viral load and / or pathology of the fetus as compared to an untreated control.

76. A method of determining the antigenic integrity, correct conformation and / or correct sequence of a Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus antigen comprising: (a) contacting a sample comprising said antigen with a first antibody or antibody fragment having clone-paired heavy and light chain CDR sequences from Tables 3 and 4, respectively; and (b) determining antigenic integrity, correct conformation and / or correct sequence of said antigen by detectable binding of said first antibody or antibody fragment to said antigen.

77. The method of claim 76, wherein said sample comprises recombinantly produced antigen.

78. The method of claim 76, wherein said sample comprises a vaccine formulation or vaccine production batch. 79 The method of any one of claims 76-78, wherein detection comprises ELISA, RIA, western blot, a biosensor using surface plasmon resonance or biolayer interferometry, or flow cytometric staining.

80. The method of any one of claims 76-79, wherein the first antibody or antibody fragment is encoded by clone-paired variable sequences as set forth in Table 1. 1244910-1025-8522, v.

181. The method of any one of claims 76-79, wherein said first antibody or antibody fragment is encoded by light and heavy chain variable sequences having 70%, 80%, or 90% identity to clone-paired variable sequences as set forth in Table 1.

82. The method of any one of claims 76-79 wherein said first antibody or antibody fragment is encoded by light and heavy chain variable sequences having 95% identity to clone- paired sequences as set forth in Table 1.

83. The method of any one of claims 76-79, wherein said first antibody or antibody fragment comprises light and heavy chain variable sequences according to clone-paired sequences from Table 2.

84. The method of any one of claims 76-79, wherein said first antibody or antibody fragment comprises light and heavy chain variable sequences having 70%, 80% or 90% identity to clone-paired sequences from Table 2.

85. The method of any one of claims 76-79, wherein said first antibody or antibody fragment comprises light and heavy chain variable sequences having 95% identity to clone-paired sequences from Table 2.

86. The method of any one of claims 76-85, wherein the first antibody fragment is a recombinant scFv (single chain fragment variable) antibody, Fab fragment, F(ab′)2 fragment, or Fv fragment.

87. The method of any one of claims 76-86, further comprising performing steps (a) and (b) a second time to determine the antigenic stability of the antigen over time.

88. The method of any one of claims 76-87, further comprising: (c) contacting a sample comprising said antigen with a second antibody or antibody fragment having clone-paired heavy and light chain CDR sequences from Tables 3 and 4, respectively; and 1254910-1025-8522, v. 1(d) determining antigenic integrity of said antigen by detectable binding of said second antibody or antibody fragment to said antigen.

89. The method of claim 88, wherein the second antibody or antibody fragment is encoded by clone-paired variable sequences as set forth in Table 1.

90. The method of claim 89, wherein said second antibody or antibody fragment is encoded by light and heavy chain variable sequences having 70%, 80%, or 90% identity to clone-paired variable sequences as set forth in Table 1.

91. The method of claim 89, wherein said second antibody or antibody fragment is encoded by light and heavy chain variable sequences having 95% identity to clone-paired sequences as set forth in Table 1.

92. The method of claim 89, wherein said second antibody or antibody fragment comprises light and heavy chain variable sequences according to clone-paired sequences from Table 2.

93. The method of claim 89, wherein said second antibody or antibody fragment comprises light and heavy chain variable sequences having 70%, 80% or 90% identity to clone- paired sequences from Table 2.

94. The method of claim 89, wherein said second antibody or antibody fragment comprises light and heavy chain variable sequences having 95% identity to clone-paired sequences from Table 2.

95. The method of claim 89, wherein the second antibody fragment is a recombinant scFv (single chain fragment variable) antibody, Fab fragment, F(ab′)2fragment, or Fv fragment.

96. The method of claim 89, further comprising performing steps (c) and (d) a second time to determine the antigenic stability of the antigen over time. 1264910-1025-8522, v. 1

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