Scraping device for vortical cross-flow filtration system

Abstract

Self-cleaning filter cartridges comprising an inlet for receiving a fluid and an outlet for discharging contaminants removed from the fluid. The filter cartridge comprising a filter media and a helical structure located within the filter media. The helical structure comprising a first opening and a second opening, at least one rib having an open core and configured as a continuous spiral from the first opening to the second opening with a decreasing radius and at least one scraping element protruding from the at least one rib and configured to contact the filter media. The helical structure is configured to rotate inside the filter media and dislodge contaminants attached to the interior surface of the filter media. A machine, such as a machining containing the self-cleaning filter cartridges, and methods of cleaning fluids using the filter cartridges are also disclosed.

Description

[0001] Attorney Docket No. 16105.0049-00304

[0002] SCRAPING DEVICE FOR VORTICAL CROSS-FLOW FILTRATION SYSTEM CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0003] [1] This application is related to and claims the benefit of priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 685,539 filed on August 21 , 2024, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 827,275 filed on June 20, 2025, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entireties.

[0004] BACKGROUND

[0005] Technical Field

[0006] [2] Embodiments discussed herein generally relate to self-cleaning filtration devices comprising scraping elements, systems and methods for cleaning the mesh filter of a vortical, cross-flow filtration system. Some embodiments comprise helical scraping elements or a plurality of scraping elements arranged in a helical configuration. Some embodiments of the scraping devices may be in a modular configuration that can be inserted and removed for replacement or cleaning, such as in a washing machine or other home or industrial applications having a fluid system. Systems containing the self-cleaning filtration devices are also disclosed. Description of Related Art

[0007] [3] Filtration is generally a process that includes a separation of one substance from another. Mechanical filtration separates a substance, such as suspended contaminants or molecules, from another substance, such as a fluid (e.g., liquid or gas). Chemical filtration separates one substance from another by chemical means, such as chemical bonding or precipitation. Mechanical filtering of solids (e.g., particles) from fluid can include passing the fluid containing the solids through or otherwise interacting with a filter media, such as a mesh or membrane, which collects the solids being filtered out while allowing the filtered fluid to pass Attorney Docket No. 16105.0049-00304 through. In dead-end filtration, the flow of the fluid to be filtered is generally perpendicular to the filter media, whereas in cross-flow filtration, the flow of the fluid to be filtered is substantially parallel to the filter media. Over time, the filter media in both of these filtration methods tends to clog with filtered solids, reducing the effectiveness of the filter, increasing the pressure drop across the filter media, and requiring more energy for filtering. Eventually filtration will cease to be effective, especially in dead-end filtration because the filtered solids block the flow of the fluid.

[0008] [4] Existing washing machine filters face a trade-off between filtration efficiency and clogging frequency that often requires frequent cleaning operations by users. Attempts to use fine meshes can clog quickly (in harsh conditions, including from detergents), while adding additional filters or larger housings adds complexity to the washing machine architecture. Although some industrial self-cleaning filters exist, they are not adaptable for consumer needs for easy debris disposal and are complex systems that are not suitable for consumer settings. Such systems also do not allow for easy cleaning or replacement. Therefore, a solution that achieves high-efficiency particle capture, without frequent user intervention, and easy disposal is lacking.

[0009] [5] The disclosed scraping devices, systems, and methods are directed to overcoming one or more of the problems set forth above and / or other problems of the prior art. The helical scraper described herein addresses shortcomings in the prior art by physically removing any particulates, debris, and films that build up in or on the mesh, effectively keeping the mesh clean through numerous cycles.

[0010] SUMMARY

[0011] [6] Embodiments of the present disclosure may include technological improvements to one or more technical problems in prior filtration systems. Various embodiments described herein may provide systems and methods for improved, Attorney Docket No. 16105.0049-00304 more efficient, or more effective filtering of materials, such as contaminants including particulates, which includes solids or clustered detergent particles, from fluids, and for automatically and continuously cleaning the filter media while in use.

[0012] [7] In some embodiments, there is described a filtration device for removing contaminants from a fluid, comprising: a filter cartridge comprising an inlet for receiving fluid and an outlet for discharging contaminants removed from the fluid.

[0013] [8] In some embodiments, the filter cartridge comprising: a filter media comprising a porous material configured to block contaminants that are suspended in the fluid from passing through the filter media and a helical structure located within the filter media.

[0014] [9] In some embodiments, the helical structure comprises a first opening and a second opening, wherein the first opening has a larger diameter than the second opening. In some embodiments, the helical structure also comprises at least one rib having an open core and configured as a continuous spiral from the first opening to the second opening, and at least one scraping element protruding from the at least one rib and configured to contact the filter media. In some embodiments, the at least one rib is wound to form a hollow central passage, thereby forming an open core.

[0015]

[0010] In some embodiments the helical structure and the filter media are in a rotational relationship that assist the helical structure in dislodging contaminants attached to the interior surface of the filter media when the helical structure and the filter media rotate relative to each other.

[0016]

[0011] In some embodiments, there is described a filter module having a first component, referred to as a core filter and a second component, referred to as a collection unit or receptacle. In some embodiments, this two-part filter module Attorney Docket No. 16105.0049-00304 provides for a core filter first component that has an extended life and collection unit or pod, second component configured to be replaced periodically. In some embodiments, the collection unit or pod may also be reusable. In some embodiments, the pod does not comprise a secondary filter, but is configured as an accumulation chamber for particulates.

[0017]

[0012] According to an aspect of this disclosure, according to some embodiments, a filtration device as described herein may be used in a variety of machines or systems in which water filtration is desired. Non-limiting examples include washing machines for clothes (both for home use and industrial use), whole home water system, and the like. The disclosed filtration device may form an integral part of any machine or may be configured as a modular cartridge that can be accessed, removed, cleaned and replaced by the user.

[0018]

[0013] In one embodiment, there is described a modular filter cartridge configured to be removably attached to a machine, such as a washing machine or a home filtration system, comprising a filter media comprising a porous material configured to block contaminants that are suspended in the fluid from passing through the filter media and a helical structure located within the filter media.

[0019]

[0014] In some embodiments, the helical structure comprises a first opening and a second opening, wherein the first opening has a larger diameter than the second opening.

[0020]

[0015] In some embodiments, the helical structure also comprises at least one rib having an open core and configured as a continuous spiral from the first opening to the second opening, and at least one scraping element protruding from the at least one rib and configured such that the scraping element can contact the filter media. In some embodiments, there may be a gap between the rib and the filter Attorney Docket No. 16105.0049-00304 media

[0021]

[0016] In some embodiments the helical structure and the filter media are in a rotational relationship that assist the helical structure in dislodging contaminants attached to the interior surface of the filter media when the helical structure and the filter media rotate relative to each other.

[0022]

[0017] In some embodiments, there is described a machine comprising an integrated self-cleaning filtration device for removing contaminants from a fluid. Nonlimiting examples of a home appliance include a washing machine, a refrigerator, a whole-house water filtration system, a boiler, or a hot water heater. Non-limiting examples of an industrial system include a system configured to filter water in the food and beverage industry or in a pharmaceutical plant.

[0023]

[0018] In some embodiments, the filtration device in the disclosed machine comprises a filter cartridge comprising an inlet for receiving fluid and an outlet for discharging contaminants removed from the fluid. In some embodiments, the filter cartridge comprises a filter media comprising a porous material configured to block contaminants that are suspended in the fluid from passing through the filter media.

[0024]

[0019] In some embodiments, the helical structure is located within the filter media, the helical structure comprises a first opening and a second opening, wherein the first opening has a larger diameter than the second opening.

[0025]

[0020] The helical structure further comprises at least one rib having an open core and configured as a continuous spiral from the first opening to the second opening and at least one scraping element protruding from the at least one rib and configured to contact the filter media, wherein the helical structure and the filter media are in a rotational relationship that assists the helical structure in dislodging contaminants attached to the interior surface of the filter media when one or both of Attorney Docket No. 16105.0049-00304 the helical structure or the filter media rotates relative to the other.

[0026]

[0021] Methods of cleaning a fluid using the disclosed filtration device, or the disclosed modular filter cartridge are also disclosed.

[0027]

[0022] It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the subject matter that may be claimed.

[0028] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029]

[0023] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this disclosure, illustrate exemplary embodiments and, together with the description, serve to explain the disclosed principles.

[0030]

[0024] FIG. 1A shows an exemplary exploded perspective view a self-cleaning filtration device having a spinning helical structure, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure. FIG. 1B shows a side perspective of the device of FIG. 1A.

[0031]

[0025] FIG. 2 shows an exemplary side cross-section view of a self-cleaning filtration device having a spinning helical structure, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure.

[0032]

[0026] FIG. 3 shows an exemplary side partially exposed view of a self-cleaning filtration device integrated into a filtration system, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure.

[0033]

[0027] FIG. 4 shows a side view of a helical structure having at least one rib configured as a continuous spiral with scraping elements comprising bristles protruding therefrom, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure.

[0034]

[0028] FIG. 5 shows a side view of a helical structure having at least one rib configured as a continuous spiral with scraping elements comprising bristles that Attorney Docket No. 16105.0049-00304 form a brush protruding therefrom, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure.

[0035]

[0029] FIG. 6 shows a side view of a helical structure having at least one rib configured as a continuous spiral with scraping elements comprising bristles that form a brush protruding therefrom, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure.

[0036]

[0030] FIG. 7 shows a side view of a helical structure having at least one rib configured as a continuous spiral with a scraping element comprising a squeegee protruding therefrom, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure.

[0037]

[0031] FIG. 8 shows a side view of a helical structure having at least one rib configured as a continuous spiral with scraping elements comprising a combination of bristles and a squeegee attached to the outside of the helical structure, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure.

[0038]

[0032] FIG. 9 shows a side view of a helical structure having at least one rib configured as a continuous spiral with scraping elements comprising bristles protruding therefrom and a squeegee located on the surface of the rib, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure.

[0039]

[0033] FIG. 10 shows a side view of a helical structure having at least one rib configured as a continuous spiral with scraping elements comprising bristles protruding therefrom, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure.

[0040]

[0034] FIG. 11 A shows a side view of a sleeve for covering and supporting the filter media, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure. FIG. 11B is a top view of a gear-like spline feature located at the narrow end of the sleeve shown in FIG. 11 A, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure.

[0041]

[0035] FIG. 12 shows a side view of a reinforced sleeve for covering and Attorney Docket No. 16105.0049-00304 supporting the filter media, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure.

[0042]

[0036] FIG. 13 shows a schematic diagram of an exemplary location for a water detection sensor, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure.

[0043]

[0037] FIG. 14 is an exploded view of an exemplary rotation mechanism, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure. FIG. 14A shows the rotation mechanism attached to the helical structure, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure. FIG. 14B shows an exemplary exploded view of the rotation mechanism attached to the helical structure, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure. FIG. 14C shows a cutaway view of the rotation mechanism shown in FIG. 14B having a hollow core for fluid flow, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure.

[0044]

[0038] FIG. 15 shows an exemplary set-up used for efficiency testing, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure.

[0045]

[0039] FIG. 16 shows an exemplary set-up used for Move Towel Clog (MTC) testing, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure.

[0046]

[0040] FIG. 17 shows results of MTC testing of the testing method described in Example 3.

[0047]

[0041] FIGS. 18-18C show exemplary views of a cartridge filtration and particle collection unit and related parts, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure.

[0048]

[0042] FIG. 19 shows an exemplary cutaway view of a self-cleaning filtration device and general process flow, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure.

[0049]

[0043] FIG. 20A shows a cross section of a cartridge consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure. FIG 20B shows certain structural components a Attorney Docket No. 16105.0049-00304 cartridge according to the present disclosure with a sleeve located thereon, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure.

[0050]

[0044] FIG. 21 shows an exemplary cutaway view of a rib, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure.

[0051]

[0045] FIG. 22 shows an exemplary cutaway view of a rib, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure.

[0052]

[0046] FIG. 23 shows a side view of an exemplary reinforced sleeve for covering and supporting the filter media, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure.

[0053]

[0047] FIG. 24 shows a cross-section of a cartridge consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure.

[0054]

[0048] FIGS. 25A-25C show side views of exemplary structural features configured to support or shape a scraping element, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure.

[0055]

[0049] FIG. 26 shows an exemplary set-up and location in a washing machine for a filtration system, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure.

[0056]

[0050] FIG. 27 shows a side view of an exemplary setup for a filtering process, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure.

[0057]

[0051] FIG. 28 shows results of efficiency testing on a filtration system, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure.

[0058]

[0052] FIG. 29 shows an exemplary test flow diagram, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure.

[0059]

[0053] FIGS. 30 - 39 show results of the load cycle tolerance testing and flowrate of the testing method described in Example 5.

[0060]

[0054] FIG. 40 shows an exemplary view of an integrated housing module, Attorney Docket No. 16105.0049-00304 consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure.

[0061]

[0055] FIG. 41 shows an exemplary view of a cartridge and a collection unit (pod), consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure.

[0062]

[0056] FIGS. 42A-42D show exemplary views of exemplary structural features configured to support or shape the mesh filter media, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure.

[0063]

[0057] FIG. 43 shows an exemplary view of a modular filter, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure.

[0064] DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0065]

[0058] Reference will now be made in detail to exemplary embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Where convenient, the same reference numbers may be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like parts. The implementations set forth in the following description are exemplary embodiments and do not represent all implementations consistent with the present disclosure. While some examples and features of disclosed principles are described herein, modifications, adaptations, and other implementations are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure. It is intended that the following detailed description be considered as merely examples of systems, apparatuses, and methods consistent with aspects of this disclosure.

[0066]

[0059] Some embodiments may provide improvements to prior filtration systems and methods, such as improved filtration performance, higher collection efficiency of suspended contaminants, easier ability to maintain the filter, improved cleanliness of filter media, improved accessibility for user intervention (e.g., emptying a collection unit), improved packaging, reduced pressure drop across filter media, high efficiency filtration of small particles (e.g., microparticles and microplastics), efficient filtration at Attorney Docket No. 16105.0049-00304 high flow rates or high flow speeds, and reduced tendency for clogging, contamination, fouling, etc.

[0067]

[0060] As used herein, “contaminant(s)” means any unwanted substance that can affect the safety, taste, appearance, or usability of the fluid in which it is found. Contaminants can be physical, chemical, or biological in nature. Non-limiting examples of contaminants that can be removed from fluids using the describe filter device include lint and fibers, such as cotton, polyester, nylon, and other textile microfibers. Microplastics shed from synthetic fabrics, including fleece, polyester, and acrylic. Dirt, sand, and dust. Hair and skin cells or other organic debris from laundry. Particulates formed from agglomeration of chemicals found in the fluid, such as from detergents, fabric softeners, or surfactants used as cleaning agents that can persist in water and affect aquatic organisms.

[0068]

[0061] An exemplary filter of this disclosure may address such problems involved in filtering contaminants, including microplastics from a flowing fluid without producing an excessive pressure drop and filter clogging, thus improving filtration performance. The exemplary filters are also more effective at filtering particles, such as microplastics, at high flow rates and high flow speeds, such as flow speeds greater than 50 cm / sec. The filter may include a filtration region where suspended contaminants (e.g., includes particulates, such as solids or clustered detergent particles when used in a washing machine) are separated from fluid, such as by cross-flow fi Itrations between adjacent revolutions of the tapered-coil. In some embodiments, the coil has a variable taper, such that the last revolution has 0 degrees of taper to mitigate build-up of particulates at the second opening or outlet of the filter.

[0069]

[0062] While the following description refers to the vortical filter as comprising a Attorney Docket No. 16105.0049-00304 tapered coil, and one further having a helical configuration, this is an embodiment of the disclosure. The invention should not be limited to the helical or tapered-helical configuration. However, with respect to this configuration, the flow of particles may include a vortical flow between adjacent revolutions of a tapered-helical coil. The filter may be configured to advance the flow of particles along a flow path between adjacent revolutions of the tapered-helical coil toward a collection region where the particles can be captured and disposed of.

[0070]

[0063] Some embodiments are directed to a self-cleaning filter able to remove solids or other contaminants, such as hair, that attach to a filter mesh and collect this material in a collection unit, to ensure the filter media remains relatively clean after extended use. In some embodiments, the filter achieves high filtration efficiency at high flow rates and high flow speeds. In some embodiments, a filter may filter solids or microsolids, which may be microparticles, from a fluid, such as air or water. In some embodiments, a filter may filter microplastics from water, such as, for example, from wastewater, drinking water, or laundry water.

[0071]

[0064] As described in more detail below, the present disclosure describes a self-cleaning filtration device that includes a helical structure with a scraper that starts spinning once water enters the cartridge inlet. While it can also spin and clean the mesh when there is no water in the system, in some embodiments, the system is configured with a flow sensor that triggers the helical structure to spin once a flow of water is detected.

[0072]

[0065] In some embodiments, the helical scraper spins counterclockwise so the rib of the spiral moves in the same direction as the flow of the water. As the spiral is spinning counterclockwise, strong vortices will form. The helical scraper may also be spin clockwise. In some embodiments, the filter media may spin while the helical Attorney Docket No. 16105.0049-00304 scraper remains static or substantially static. In either case, as there is relative rotation between the helical scraper spins, it picks particles up from, on and in between pores of the mesh and pushes them into the vortices created by the backwards facing D type ribs of the helical scraper (These vortices are formed through helical cross step filtration). The vortices carry the particulates (such as but not limited to microfibers, sand, dirt, hair, grease, oil) to the collection unit or pod. The example description of counterclockwise is due to the spiral rotation direction (e.g., handedness) of the helical scraper. An opposite rotation direction (e.g., opposite handedness) may have a clockwise rotation. Therefore the direction of rotation of either of the helical scraper or the mesh is chosen such that the rotation facilitates moving the particles scraped from the mesh towards the second opening, for example, towards the collection unit in the examples described below. For example, if a clockwise rotation of the helical scraper would facilitate movement of dislodged particles towards the second opening, the filter media may (alternatively or in addition to rotating the helical scraper) be rotated in a counterclockwise direction.

[0073]

[0066] In some embodiments, there is described a filtration device for removing contaminants from a fluid comprising a filter cartridge. In some embodiments, the filter cartridge comprises an inlet for receiving fluid and an outlet for discharging contaminants removed from the fluid.

[0074]

[0067] The filter cartridge further comprises a filter media comprising a porous material configured to block contaminants that are suspended in the fluid from passing through the filter media and a helical structure located within the filter media.

[0075]

[0068] In some embodiments, the helical structure comprises a first opening and a second opening, wherein the first opening has a larger diameter than the second opening, at least one rib wound to form a hollow central passage, sometimes Attorney Docket No. 16105.0049-00304 referred to as an “open core” and configured as a continuous spiral from the first opening to the second opening. In some embodiments, the helical structure has a variable pitch. In some embodiments, the helical structure has a variable taper, with the last revolution having no taper angle, or substantially no taper angle. As used herein, “substantially no taper angle” means a taper angle of less than 3°, such as less than 2° or less than 1 °. For example, the helical structure may have 5 revolutions being tapered, such as 4 revolutions being tapered or even 3 revolutions being tapered, but the last revolution has no taper angle or substantially no taper angle.

[0076]

[0069] In some embodiments, the helical structure is configured to generate vortices in the received fluid entering the first opening. The helical structure is configured such that filtered fluid exits the side of the filter media and filtered contaminants substantially exit the helical structure at the second opening.

[0077]

[0070] The rib further has at least one scraping element protruding from the rib and configured to contact the filter media and dislodge particles located thereon. In some embodiments, the rib forms a flow path configured to guide particles scraped from the filter media along a flow path to the second opening.

[0078]

[0071] In some embodiments, the helical structure and the filter media are in a rotational relationship that assist the helical structure in dislodging contaminants attached to or in contact with the surface of the filter media when the helical structure and the filter media rotate relative to each other.

[0079]

[0072] In some embodiments, the helical structure is configured to rotate inside the filter media and dislodge contaminants attached to the interior surface of the filter media. To assist in rotational relationship filter media when the helical structure, the filtration device may further comprise a rotation mechanism connected to the helical structure, wherein the rotation mechanism is configured to rotate the helical structure Attorney Docket No. 16105.0049-00304 inside the filter media. Alternatively, or additionally, the rotation mechanism is connected to the filter media such that the filter media is configured to rotate around the helical structure. Therefore, in some embodiments, the rotation mechanism can drive the helical structure or the filter media by rotating the outer circumference of the first opening. In some embodiments, the rotation mechanism includes a hollow shaft that allows the fluid and solid particles to flow therethrough.

[0080]

[0073] In some embodiments, the filtration device further comprises a collection unit configured to collect contaminants filtered from the fluid or dislodged from the filter media that exit through the second opening. In some embodiments, the collection unit is a removeable, accumulation chamber that is configured to be fastened to the filtration device via a fastening mechanism. The collection unit may also be reusable and configured to be emptied and reattached to the filtration device. Alternatively, the collection unit is disposable and replaceable. In some embodiments, the collection unit comprises a two-part consumable structure, comprising a first component that is reusable and a second component that is disposable.

[0081]

[0074] As indicated, in some embodiments, the rib further has at least one scraping element protruding from the at least one rib and configured to contact the filter media, such as at least one tuft, a squeegee, or combinations thereof. It is to be appreciated that the at least one tuft comprises a group of bristles. A brush, such as a continuous helical set of bristles, may be considered a long continuous tuft. In some embodiments, the scraping element comprises a plurality of tufts. In some embodiments, the rib comprises from 30-40 tufts over 4 rotations. In some embodiments, the rib comprises 5 rotations with the fifth rotation (or final rotation) having no tufts. In some embodiments, the rib comprises 5-10 tufts per rotation, such Attorney Docket No. 16105.0049-00304 as 6-9 tufts per rotation, such as 7-8 tufts per rotation. In one non-limiting embodiment, the rib comprises 8 tufts, each approximately 5mm in diameter, per rotation. In some embodiments, the rib comprises a plurality of tufts on all rotations. In some embodiments, the rib comprises a plurality of tufts on each rotation except the final rotation.

[0082]

[0075] In some embodiments, certain characteristics of the bristles may be desired and optimized based on the intended use. For example, the length of an individual bristle may affect how much the bristles are able to flex and bend, as well as how much overlap they have with the mesh. In some embodiments, bristle length is configured to provide an optimum interference with the mesh, which may be less than 5mm of interference, such as 4.5mm, or 4.0mm, or 3.50mm, or 3.25mm, or 3.0mm, or 2.75mm, or 2.50mm, or 2.25mm, or 2.0mm or 1.75mm, or 1.50mm, or

[0083] 1 ,25mm, or 1 .0mm, or 0.75mm, or 0.50mm, or even 0.25mm.

[0084]

[0076] In addition, the diameter of individual bristles affects how flexible the bristles are, how effectively they are able to clean the mesh, and their durability. In some embodiments, the bristle diameter ranging from 0.01 m to 1.5mm, such as 0.1mm to 1 mm, such as 0.1mm to 0.6, such as 0.1 mm to 0.4mm, such as 0.2mm to 0.3mm, such as 0.21 to 0.29, such as 0.22 to 0.28, such as 0.23 to 0.27, such as 0.24 to 0.26, or such as 0.25mm.

[0085]

[0077] When having a circular configuration, the diameter of the tuft of bristles that are placed along the edge of the spiral rib affects both the cleaning efficiency and the amount of friction generated between the helical structure and the filter media. In some embodiments, the tuft has a diameter of 4mm or less, such as 3.8mm, such as 3.6mm, such as 3.4mm such as 3.2mm, such as 3.0mm, such as 2.8mm, such as 2.6mm, such as 2.4mm, such as 2.2mm, such as 2.0mm, such as Attorney Docket No. 16105.0049-00304

[0086] 1.8mm, such as 1.6mm, such as 1.4mm, such as 1.2mm, such as 1.0mm.

[0087]

[0078] In some embodiments, the tufts are not circular but have a diamond or square or hexagonal or octagonal cross section.

[0088]

[0079] The bristle material must also be selected based on the end use of the filter. For example, the bristle may be made from polyamide, polypropylene, polyester, polyethylene, or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the bristle materials are made of polyester, such as those sold under the tradename, PLYER®, which is the Monahan Filaments brand name for fibers made with polybutylene terephthalate polyester (PBT). In some embodiments, the bristle materials are made of polypropylene and nylon. In some embodiments, nylon was selected for testing because it has good abrasion resistance. Nylon also has very good resistance to flex, meaning that the bristles themselves are more prone to returning to their straight state after being bent. In some embodiments, the bristle comprises nylon 6.12.

[0089]

[0080] In some embodiments, the helical structure further comprising at least one structural feature configured to support or shape the individual bristles or the entire tuft to reduce wear or deformation. For example, at least one structural feature may include one or more support brackets that are configured to enhance flexibility, limit how much the at least one tuft can bend under load, or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the support brackets are configured to limit tuft deflection, which mitigates wear of the bristles, or to maintain at least one tuft at a desired angle against the filter media, or both. In some embodiments, the support brackets are configured in a J, U, 0, or V shape.

[0090]

[0081] In some embodiments, the scraping element protruding from the at least one rib may comprise a squeegee. In some embodiments, the scraping element Attorney Docket No. 16105.0049-00304 protruding from the at least one rib may comprise a plurality of squeegees. In some embodiments, the scraping element comprises a combination of bristles (e.g., one or more tufts) and squeegee(s). A squeegee may be made of a rubber selected from natural rubber, EPDM Rubber (Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer), polychloroprene, nitrile rubber, silicone rubber, polyurethane, or combinations thereof.

[0091]

[0082] In some embodiments, the helical structure further comprises at least one scraping element that is not located on the spiral edge of the rib. For example, the scraping element may be a straight or slightly curved scraping element located on the outer circumference of the helical structure and running in a direction from the first opening to the second opening. In some embodiments, the scraping element may be one or more straight or slightly curved scraping element spanning between two or more adjacent revolutions of the helical structure in a direction from the first opening to the second opening. In some embodiments, the scraping element may be a plurality of straight or slightly curved scraping elements spanning between two or more adjacent revolutions of the helical structure in a direction from the first opening to the second opening.

[0092]

[0083] In some embodiments, the filtration device further comprising a sleeve in which the filter media sits or is affixed to, wherein the sleeve has at least one support and is configured to provide circumferential support to the filter media. In some embodiments, the filter media comprises a mesh made from metal or synthetic (e.g., plastic or non-woven) material. The sleeve has a first sleeve opening and a second sleeve opening, wherein the cross-sectional area of the first sleeve opening is greater than the cross-sectional area of the second sleeve opening.

[0093]

[0084] In some embodiments, the sleeve further comprising a spline coupling Attorney Docket No. 16105.0049-00304 feature at the top of the second sleeve opening. In this embodiment, the cartridge and the spline coupling feature at the top of the second sleeve opening is configured to interface the sleeve with the pod.

[0094]

[0085] In some embodiments, the filtration device further comprising a housing, wherein the filter media and helical structure is integrated into the housing and configured as singular modular unit that is removable from the housing. In some embodiments, the filter housing includes a drain port configured to evacuate residual liquid from the housing before the user removes the filter cartridge or collection pod. The drain port may be opened manually or automatically, for example by a valve, solenoid, flapper, or similar mechanism. This feature reduces spilling and improves hygiene by allowing the housing to empty prior to user access.

[0095]

[0086] In some embodiments, the drain port may be positioned adjacent to the particle collection unit (or adjacent to the filter cartridge) such that filtered fluid can be emptied while retained particulates remain within filter cartridge and collection unit. In other embodiments, the drain port may be integrated into other locations of the housing such as the back or other components such as the housing cap. The inclusion of a drain port allows for safer, and more consumer-friendly maintenance of the filtration device.

[0096]

[0087] In some embodiments, tapered-helical coils may be described by a raker reduction ratio (|3 / a) determined by the ratio of the slot height (|3) between surfaces of adjacent revolutions of ribs divided by the rib overlap (a) between inner surfaces of adjacent revolutions of rib into the central opening of tapered-helical coil. Slot height [3 is measured between adjacent surfaces of rib. According to some embodiments, the helical structure has a raker reduction ratio |3 / a in a range between about 0.1 and 10.0 including the end points. According to some Attorney Docket No. 16105.0049-00304 embodiments, the helical structure has a raker reduction ratio |3 / a in a range between about 1.0 and 15.0 including the end points. According to some embodiments, the helical structure has a raker reduction ratio |3 / a in a range between about 1.0 and 10.0 including the end points. According to some embodiments, the helical structure has a raker reduction ratio |3 / a in a range between about 2.0 and 9.0 including the end points. According to some embodiments, the helical structure has a raker reduction ratio |3 / a in a range between about 3.0 and 8.0 including the end points. According to some embodiments, the helical structure has a raker reduction ratio |3 / a in a range between about 4.0 and 7.0 including the end points. Any variation of these end points may also be used, such as a raker reduction ratio |3 / a in a range between about 2.0 and 10.0 or a raker reduction ratio |3 / a in a range between about 1 .0 and 8.0, between about 5.0 and 9.0, between about 6.0 and 8.0, or between about 3.0 to 15.0 including the end points.

[0097]

[0088] According to some embodiments, the helical structure is configured such that the at least one rib having a rib width, the at least one rib having a rib height, the tapered having a slot height between adjacent revolutions of the at least one rib, the vortical filter having a helix height, the vortical filter having a helix pitch, and the slot height, rib width, rib height, helix height, and helix pitch being configured to create a rib overlap configured to generate vortices along a particle flow path to guide particles-to-be-filtered from the fluid along the rib toward the second opening.

[0098]

[0089] According to some embodiments, the spiral / helix has an optionally tapered outer radius having a taper angle ranging from 0 to 45 degrees from the center line, and a tapered inner radius having a taper angle ranging from greater than 0 to 45 degrees from the center line. Attorney Docket No. 16105.0049-00304

[0099]

[0090] According to some embodiments, the helical structure is configured to provide a cross-flow filtration area across the filter media. According to some embodiments, the helical structure has a variable pitch.

[0100]

[0091] According to some embodiments, the fluid is a liquid. According to some embodiments, the fluid is a gas. According to some embodiments, the fluid comprises water, such as a washing machine discharge fluid.

[0101]

[0092] According to some embodiments, the filtration device is configured to filter discharge fluid from a washing machine. According to some embodiments, the filtration device is configured to filter microplastics from said discharge fluid. According to some embodiments, the filtration device is configured to filter at least 75% of the microplastics from the discharge fluid after the washing machine completes four or more loads of laundry. According to some embodiments, the filtration device is configured to filter at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91 %, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 99.1 ,%, 99.2, 99.3%, 99.4%, or 99.5% of the microplastics from the discharge fluid after the washing machine completes four or more loads of laundry.

[0102]

[0093] According to some embodiments, the filtration device further comprising a bypass line configured to divert fluid flow from the inlet around the filter cartridge to the outlet.

[0103]

[0094] According to some embodiments, the filtration device wherein the filter cartridge comprises a singular sub-assembly. For example, the singular subassembly allows for the entire filtration device to be removed, cleaned, replaced by the user.

[0104]

[0095] According to some embodiments, this singular sub-assembly may be a modular filter cartridge configured to be removably attached to a washing machine, Attorney Docket No. 16105.0049-00304 comprising a filter cartridge, having an inlet for receiving fluid and an outlet for discharging contaminants removed from the fluid.

[0105]

[0096] In some embodiments, the modular filter cartridge further comprises a filter media comprising a porous material configured to block contaminants that are suspended in the fluid from passing through the filter media and a helical structure located within the filter media.

[0106]

[0097] In some embodiments, the helical structure in the modular filter cartridge comprises a first opening and a second opening, wherein the first opening has a larger diameter than the second opening, at least one rib having an open core and configured as a continuous spiral from the first opening to the second opening. In some embodiments, the helical structure has a variable pitch.

[0107]

[0098] In some embodiments, the helical structure in the modular filter cartridge is configured to generate vortices in the received fluid entering the first opening. The helical structure is configured such that filtered fluid exits the side of the filter media and filtered contaminants substantially exit the helical structure at the second opening.

[0108]

[0099] The rib further has at least one scraping element protruding from the rib and configured to contact the filter media and dislodge particles located thereon. In some embodiments, the rib forms a flow path configured to guide particles scraped from the filter media along a flow path to the second opening.

[0109]

[0100] In some embodiments, the helical structure and the filter media in the modular filter cartridge are in a rotational relationship that assist the helical structure in dislodging contaminants attached to or in contact with the surface of the filter media when the helical structure and the filter media rotate relative to each other. Attorney Docket No. 16105.0049-00304

[0110]

[0101] In some embodiments, the helical structure in the modular filter cartridge is configured to rotate inside the filter media and dislodge contaminants attached to the interior surface of the filter media. To assist in rotational relationship between the filter media and the helical structure, the modular filter cartridge has connected thereto a rotation mechanism connected to the helical structure, wherein the rotation mechanism is configured to rotate the helical structure inside the filter media. Alternatively, or additionally, the rotation mechanism is connected to the filter media such that the filter media is configured to rotate around the helical structure. Therefore, in some embodiments, the rotation mechanism can drive the helical structure or the filter media by rotating the outer circumference of the first opening. In some embodiments, the rotation mechanism includes a hollow shaft that allows the fluid and solid particles to flow therethrough.

[0111]

[0102] In some embodiments, the modular filter cartridge is configured to attach to a collection unit. The collection unit is configured to collect contaminants filtered from the fluid or dislodged from the filter media that exit through the second opening. In some embodiments, the collection unit is a removeable, accumulation chamber that is configured to be fastened to the filtration device via a fastening mechanism. The collection unit may also be reusable and configured to be emptied and reattached to the filtration device. Alternatively, the collection unit is disposable and replaceable. In some embodiments, the collection unit comprises a two-part consumable structure, comprising a first component that is reusable and a second component that is disposable.

[0112]

[0103] As indicated, in some embodiments, the rib further has at least one scraping element protruding from the at least one rib and configured to contact the filter media, such as at least one tuft, a squeegee, or combinations thereof. It is to be Attorney Docket No. 16105.0049-00304 appreciated that the at least one tuft comprises a group of bristles and a group of tufts forms a brush.

[0113]

[0104] In some embodiments, certain characteristics of the bristles may be desired and optimized based on the intended use of the modular filter cartridge. For example, the length of an individual bristle may affect how much the bristles are able to flex and bend, as well as how much overlap they have with the mesh. In some embodiments, bristle length is configured to provide an optimum interference with the mesh, which may be less than 5.0mm of interference, such as 4.5mm, such as 4.0mm, such as 3.50mm, or 3.25mm, 3.0mm, or 2.75mm, or 2.50mm, or 2.25mm, or 2.0mm or 1 ,75mm, or 1 ,50mm, or 1 ,25mm, or 1 ,0mm or 0.75mm, or 0.50mm, or 0.25mm, or 0.2mm, or 0.15mm or 0.1 mm.

[0114]

[0105] In addition, the diameter of individual bristles affects how flexible the bristles are, how effectively they are able to clean the mesh, and their durability. In some embodiments, the bristle diameter ranging from 0.01 m to 1.5mm, such as 0.1mm to 1 mm, such as 0.1 mm to 0.6, such as 0.1 mm to 0.4mm, such as 0.2mm to 0.3mm, such as 0.21 to 0.29, such as 0.22 to 0.28, such as 0.23 to 0.27, such as 0.24 to 0.26, such as 0.25mm.

[0115]

[0106] When having a circular configuration, the diameter of the tuft of bristles that are placed along the edge of the spiral rib affects both the cleaning efficiency and the amount of friction generated between the helical structure and the filter media. In some embodiments, the tuft has a diameter of 4mm or less, such as 3.8mm, such as 3.6mm, such as 3.4mm such as 3.2mm, such as 3.0mm, such as 2.8mm, such as 2.6mm, such as 2.4mm, such as 2.2mm, such as 2.0mm, such as 1.8mm, such as 1.6mm, such as 1.4mm, such as 1.2mm, such as 1.0mm.

[0116]

[0107] The bristle material must also be selected based on the end use of Attorney Docket No. 16105.0049-00304 the filter. For example, the bristle may be made from polyamide, polypropylene, polyester, polyethylene, or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the bristle materials are made of polyester, such as those sold under the tradename, PLYER®, which is the Monahan Filaments brand name for fibers made with polybutylene terephthalate polyester (PBT). In some embodiments, the bristle materials are made of polypropylene and nylon. In some embodiments, nylon was selected for testing because it has good abrasion resistance. Nylon also has very good resistance to flex, meaning that the bristles themselves are more prone to returning to their straight state after being bent. In some embodiments, the bristle comprises nylon 6.12.

[0117]

[0108] In some embodiments, the helical structure further comprising at least one structural feature configured to support or shape the individual bristles are the entire tuft to reduce wear or deformation. For example, the at least one structural feature includes support brackets that are configured to enhance flexibility, limit how much the at least one tuft can bend under load, or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the support brackets are configured to limit tuft deflection, which mitigates wear of the bristles, or to maintain at least one tuft at a desired angle against the filter media, or both. In some embodiments, the support brackets are configured in a J, U, 0, or V shape.

[0118]

[0109] In some embodiments, the scraping element protruding from the at least one rib may comprise a squeegee. In some embodiments, the scraping element protruding from the at least one rib may comprise a plurality of squeegees. In some embodiments, the scraping element comprises a combination of bristles (e.g., one or more tufts) and squeegee(s). The squeegee may be made of a rubber selected from natural rubber, EPDM Rubber (Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer), Attorney Docket No. 16105.0049-00304 polychloroprene, nitrile rubber, silicone rubber, polyurethane, or combinations thereof.

[0119]

[0110] In some embodiments, the helical structure further comprises at least scraping element that is not located on the spiral edge of the rib. For example, the scraping element may be a straight scraping element located on the outer edge of the helical structure and running from the first opening to the second opening.

[0120]

[0111] In some embodiments, the modular filter cartridge further comprising a sleeve in which the filter media sits or is affixed to, wherein the sleeve has at least one support and is configured to provide circumferential support to the filter media. The sleeve has a first sleeve opening and a second sleeve opening, wherein the cross-sectional area of the first sleeve opening is greater than the cross- sectional area of the second sleeve opening.

[0121]

[0112] In some embodiments, the sleeve further comprising a spline coupling feature at the top of the second sleeve opening. In this embodiment, the cartridge and the spline coupling feature at the top of the second sleeve opening is configured to interface the sleeve with the pod.

[0122]

[0113] In some embodiments, the modular filter cartridge further comprising a housing, wherein the filter media and helical structure is integrated into the housing and configured as singular modular unit that is removable from the housing.

[0123]

[0114] In some embodiments, tapered-helical coil forming the helical structure in the modular filter cartridge may be described by a raker reduction ratio (P / a) determined by the ratio of the slot height (P) between surfaces of adjacent revolutions of ribs divided by the rib overlap (a) between inner surfaces of adjacent revolutions of rib into the central opening of tapered-helical coil. Slot height p is Attorney Docket No. 16105.0049-00304 measured between adjacent surfaces of rib. According to some embodiments, the helical structure has a raker reduction ratio |3 / a in a range between about 0.1 and 10.0 including the end points. According to some embodiments, the helical structure has a raker reduction ratio |3 / a in a range between about 1 .0 and 15.0 including the end points. According to some embodiments, the helical structure has a raker reduction ratio |3 / a in a range between about 1 .0 and 10.0 including the end points. According to some embodiments, the helical structure has a raker reduction ratio |3 / a in a range between about 2.0 and 9.0 including the end points. According to some embodiments, the helical structure has a raker reduction ratio |3 / a in a range between about 3.0 and 8.0 including the end points. According to some embodiments, the helical structure has a raker reduction ratio |3 / a in a range between about 4.0 and 7.0 including the end points. Any variation of these end points may also be used, such as a raker reduction ratio |3 / a in a range between about 2.0 and 10.0 or a raker reduction ratio |3 / a in a range between about 1 .0 and 8.0, between about 5.0 and 9.0, between about 6.0 and 8.0, or between about 3.0 to 15.0 including the end points.

[0124]

[0115] According to some embodiments, the helical structure is configured such that the at least one rib having a rib width, the at least one rib having a rib height, the tapered having a slot height between adjacent revolutions of the at least one rib, the vortical filter having a helix height, the vortical filter having a helix pitch, and the slot height, rib width, rib height, helix height, and helix pitch being configured to create a rib overlap configured to generate vortices along a particle flow path to guide particles-to-be-filtered from the fluid along the rib toward the second opening.

[0125]

[0116] According to some embodiments, the rib has an optionally tapered outer radius having a taper angle ranging from 0 to 45 degrees from the center line, Attorney Docket No. 16105.0049-00304 and a tapered inner radius having a taper angle ranging from greater than 0 to 45 degrees from the center line.

[0126]

[0117] According to some embodiments, the helical structure is configured to provide a cross-flow filtration area across the filter media. According to some embodiments, the helical structure has a variable pitch.

[0127]

[0118] According to some embodiments, the fluid is a liquid. According to some embodiments, the fluid is a gas. According to some embodiments, the fluid comprises water, such as a washing machine discharge fluid.

[0128]

[0119] According to some embodiments, the modular filter cartridge is configured to filter discharge fluid from a washing machine. According to some embodiments, the filtration device is configured to filter microplastics from said discharge fluid. According to some embodiments, the filtration device is configured to filter at least 75% of the microplastics from the discharge fluid after the washing machine completes four or more loads of laundry. According to some embodiments, the filtration device is configured to filter at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 99.1 ,%, 99.2, 99.3%, 99.4%, or 99.5% of the microplastics from the discharge fluid after the washing machine completes four or more loads of laundry.

[0129]

[0120] According to some embodiments, there is described a machine comprising an integrated self-cleaning filtration device for removing contaminants from a fluid, as described herein.

[0130]

[0121] In some embodiments, the integrated self-cleaning filtration device comprises a filter cartridge comprises an inlet for receiving fluid and an outlet for discharging contaminants removed from the fluid.

[0131]

[0122] In some embodiments, the filter cartridge used in the machine Attorney Docket No. 16105.0049-00304 further comprises a filter media comprising a porous material configured to block contaminants that are suspended in the fluid from passing through the filter media and a helical structure located within the filter media.

[0132]

[0123] In some embodiments, the helical structure comprises a first opening and a second opening, wherein the first opening has a larger diameter than the second opening, at least one rib having an open core and configured as a continuous spiral from the first opening to the second opening. In some embodiments, the helical structure has a variable pitch.

[0133]

[0124] In some embodiments, the helical structure is configured to generate vortices in the received fluid entering the first opening. The helical structure is configured such that filtered fluid exits the side of the filter media and filtered contaminants substantially exit the helical structure at the second opening.

[0134]

[0125] In some embodiments, the rib further has at least one scraping element protruding from the rib and configured to contact the filter media and dislodge particles located thereon. In some embodiments, the rib forms a flow path configured to guide particles scraped from the filter media along a flow path to the second opening.

[0135]

[0126] In some embodiments, the helical structure and the filter media are in a rotational relationship that assist the helical structure in dislodging contaminants attached to or in contact with the surface of the filter media when the helical structure and the filter media rotate relative to each other.

[0136]

[0127] In some embodiments, the helical structure is configured to rotate inside the filter media and dislodge contaminants attached to the interior surface of the filter media. To assist in rotational relationship filter media when the helical structure, the filtration device may further comprise a rotation mechanism connected Attorney Docket No. 16105.0049-00304 to the helical structure, wherein the rotation mechanism is configured to rotate the helical structure inside the filter media. Alternatively, or additionally, the rotation mechanism is connected to the filter media such that the filter media is configured to rotate around the helical structure. Therefore, in some embodiments, the rotation mechanism can drive the helical structure or the filter media by rotating the outer circumference of the first opening. In some embodiments, the rotation mechanism includes a hollow shaft that allows the fluid and solid particles to flow therethrough.

[0137]

[0128] In some embodiments, the filtration device further comprises a collection unit configured to collect contaminants filtered from the fluid or dislodged from the filter media that exit through the second opening. In some embodiments, the collection unit is a removeable, accumulation chamber that is configured to be fastened to the filtration device via a fastening mechanism. The collection unit may also be reusable and configured to be emptied and reattached to the filtration device. Alternatively, the collection unit is disposable and replaceable. In some embodiments, the collection unit comprises a two-part consumable structure, comprising a first component that is reusable and a second component that is disposable.

[0138]

[0129] As indicated, in some embodiments, the rib further has at least one scraping element protruding from the at least one rib and configured to contact the filter media, such as at least one tuft, a squeegee, or combinations thereof. It is to be appreciated that the at least one tuft comprises a group of bristles.

[0139]

[0130] In some embodiments, certain characteristics of the bristles may be desired and optimized based on the intended use. For example, the length of an individual bristle may affect how much the bristles are able to flex and bend, as well as how much overlap they have with the mesh. In some embodiments, bristle length Attorney Docket No. 16105.0049-00304 is configured to provide an optimum interference with the mesh, which may be less than 5.0mm of interference, such as 4.5mm, such as 4.0mm, such as 3.50mm, or 3.25mm, 3.0mm, or 2.75mm, or 2.50mm, or 2.25mm, or 2.0mm or 1 ,75mm, or 1 ,50mm, or 1 ,25mm, or 1 ,0mm or 0.75mm, or 0.50mm, or even 0.25mm.

[0140]

[0131] In addition, the diameter of individual bristles affects how flexible the bristles are, how effectively they are able to clean the mesh, and their durability. In some embodiments, the bristle diameter ranging from 0.01 m to 1.5mm, such as 0.1mm to 1 mm, such as 0.1 mm to 0.6, such as 0.1 mm to 0.4mm, such as 0.2mm to 0.3mm, such as 0.21 to 0.29, such as 0.22to 0.28, such as 0.23 to 0.27, such as 0.24 to 0.26, such as 0.25mm.

[0141]

[0132] When having a circular configuration, the diameter of the tuft of bristles that are placed along the edge of the spiral rib affects both the cleaning efficiency and the amount of friction generated between the helical structure and the filter media. In some embodiments, the tuft has a diameter of 4mm or less, such as 3.8mm, such as 3.6mm, such as 3.4mm such as 3.2mm, such as 3.0mm, such as 2.8mm, such as 2.6mm, such as 2.4mm, such as 2.2mm, such as 2.0mm, such as 1.8mm, such as 1.6mm, such as 1.4mm, such as 1.2mm, such as 1.0mm.

[0142]

[0133] The bristle material must also be selected based on the end use of the filter. For example, the bristle may be made from polyamide, polypropylene, polyester, polyethylene, or combinations thereof.

[0143]

[0134] In some embodiments, the bristle materials are made of polyester, such as those sold under the tradename, PLYER®, which is the Monahan Filaments brand name for fibers made with polybutylene terephthalate polyester (PBT). In some embodiments, the bristle materials are made of polypropylene and nylon. In some embodiments, nylon was selected for testing because it has good abrasion Attorney Docket No. 16105.0049-00304 resistance. Nylon also has very good resistance to flex, meaning that the bristles themselves are more prone to returning to their straight state after being bent. In some embodiments, the bristle comprises nylon 6.12.

[0144]

[0135] In some embodiments, the helical structure further comprising at least one structural feature configured to support or shape the individual bristles are the entire tuft to reduce wear or deformation. For example, the at least one structural feature includes support brackets that are configured to enhance flexibility, limit how much the at least one tuft can bend under load, or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the support brackets are configured to limit tuft deflection, which mitigates wear of the bristles, or to maintain at least one tuft at a desired angle against the filter media, or both. In some embodiments, the support brackets are configured in a J, U, 0, or V shape.

[0145]

[0136] In some embodiments, the scraping element protruding from the at least one rib may comprise a squeegee. In some embodiments, the scraping element protruding from the at least one rib may comprise a plurality of squeegees. In some embodiments, the scraping element comprises a combinations bristles (e.g., one or more tufts) and squeegee(s). A squeegee may be made of a rubber selected from natural rubber, EPDM Rubber (Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer), polychloroprene, nitrile rubber, silicone rubber, polyurethane, or combinations thereof.

[0146]

[0137] In some embodiments, the helical structure further comprises at least scraping element that is not located on the spiral edge of the rib. For example, the scraping element may be a straight scraping element located on the outer edge of the helical structure and running from the first opening to the second opening.

[0147]

[0138] In some embodiments, the filtration device further comprising a Attorney Docket No. 16105.0049-00304 sleeve in which the filter media sits or is affixed to, wherein the sleeve has at least one support and is configured to provide circumferential support to the filter media. The sleeve has a first sleeve opening and a second sleeve opening, wherein the cross-sectional area of the first sleeve opening is greater than the cross-sectional area of the second sleeve opening.

[0148]

[0139] In some embodiments, the sleeve further comprising a spline coupling feature at the top of the second sleeve opening. In this embodiment, the cartridge and the spline coupling feature at the top of the second sleeve opening is configured to interface the sleeve with the pod.

[0149]

[0140] In some embodiments, the filtration device further comprising a housing, wherein the filter media and helical structure is integrated into the housing and configured as singular modular unit that is removable from the housing.

[0150]

[0141] In some embodiments, tapered-helical coils may be described by a raker reduction ratio (p / a) determined by the ratio of the slot height (P) between surfaces of adjacent revolutions of ribs divided by the rib overlap (a) between inner surfaces of adjacent revolutions of rib into the central opening of tapered-helical coil. Slot height p is measured between adjacent surfaces of rib. According to some embodiments, the helical structure has a raker reduction ratio p / a in a range between about 0.1 and 10.0 including the end points. According to some embodiments, the helical structure has a raker reduction ratio p / a in a range between about 1.0 and 15.0 including the end points. According to some embodiments, the helical structure has a raker reduction ratio p / a in a range between about 1.0 and 10.0 including the end points. According to some embodiments, the helical structure has a raker reduction ratio p / a in a range between about 2.0 and 9.0 including the end points. According to some Attorney Docket No. 16105.0049-00304 embodiments, the helical structure has a raker reduction ratio |3 / a in a range between about 3.0 and 8.0 including the end points. According to some embodiments, the helical structure has a raker reduction ratio |3 / a in a range between about 4.0 and 7.0 including the end points. Any variation of these end points may also be used, such as a raker reduction ratio |3 / a in a range between about 2.0 and 10.0 or a raker reduction ratio |3 / a in a range between about 1 .0 and 8.0, between about 5.0 and 9.0, between about 6.0 and 8.0, or between about 3.0 to 15.0 including the end points.

[0151]

[0142] According to some embodiments, the helical structure is configured such that the at least one rib having a rib width, the at least one rib having a rib height, the tapered having a slot height between adjacent revolutions of the at least one rib, the vortical filter having a helix height, the vortical filter having a helix pitch, and the slot height, rib width, rib height, helix height, and helix pitch being configured to create a rib overlap configured to generate vortices along a particle flow path to guide particles-to-be-filtered from the fluid along the rib toward the second opening.

[0152]

[0143] According to some embodiments, the rib has an optionally tapered outer radius having a taper angle ranging from 0 to 45 degrees from the center line, and a tapered inner radius having a taper angle ranging from greater than 0 to 45 degrees from the center line.

[0153]

[0144] According to some embodiments, the helical structure is configured to provide a cross-flow filtration area across the filter media. According to some embodiments, the helical structure has a variable pitch.

[0154]

[0145] According to some embodiments, the fluid is a liquid. According to some embodiments, the fluid is a gas. According to some embodiments, the fluid comprises water, such as a washing machine discharge fluid. Attorney Docket No. 16105.0049-00304

[0155]

[0146] According to some embodiments, the filtration device is configured to filter discharge fluid from a washing machine. According to some embodiments, the filtration device is configured to filter microplastics from said discharge fluid. According to some embodiments, the filtration device is configured to filter at least 75% of the microplastics from the discharge fluid after the washing machine completes four or more loads of laundry. According to some embodiments, the filtration device is configured to filter at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91 %, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 99.1 ,%, 99.2, 99.3%, 99.4%, or 99.5% of the microplastics from the discharge fluid after the washing machine completes four or more loads of laundry.

[0156]

[0147] According to some embodiments, the filtration device further comprising a bypass line configured to divert fluid flow from the inlet around the filter cartridge to the outlet.

[0157]

[0148] According to some embodiments, the filtration device wherein the filter cartridge comprises a singular sub-assembly. For example, the singular subassembly allows for the entire filtration device to be removed, cleaned, replaced by the user.

[0158]

[0149] In some embodiments, the machine is a home appliance or an industrial system. For example, the home appliance may comprise a washing machine, a refrigerator, a whole-house water filtration system, a boiler, or a hot water heater.

[0159]

[0150] In an embodiment in which the machine is a washing machine, the fluid comprises a washing machine discharge fluid. In some embodiments, the filtration device is configured to filter microplastics from the discharge fluid. For example, in some embodiments, the filtration device is configured to filter at least Attorney Docket No. 16105.0049-00304

[0160] 80% of the microplastics when post-filtered to 50 microns. In some embodiments, the filtration device is configured to filter at least 75% of said microplastics from the discharge fluid after the washing machine completes 4 or more loads of laundry.

[0161]

[0151] In some embodiments, the home appliance comprises a boiler, or a hot water heater, and the self-cleaning filtration device is configured as an inline filter or scale-prevention filtration device.

[0162]

[0152] In some embodiments, the machine comprises at least part of an industrial system. For example, in some embodiments, the machine is configured to filter water in the food and beverage industry, or in a pharmaceutical plant.

[0163]

[0153] FIG. 1A shows an exploded view of a self-cleaning filtration device 100 comprising a filter cartridge 105 that includes a helical structure 110 configured to rotate inside of sleeve 120. The sleeve 120 further contains a filter media 122 located therein. In an embodiment, a chamber 150 for holding the cartridge 105 is also shown. FIG. 1A also shows a rotating mechanism 130 that includes inlet 132 for receiving water and attachment mechanism 135 configured to attach the rotating mechanism to the helical structure 110.

[0164]

[0154] The helical structure 110 also includes a scraping element 112. In some embodiments disclosed herein the scraping element comprising bristles, tufts of bristles and / or a squeegee. The rotating mechanism 130 spins the helical structure which cleans contaminants off the filter media 122. The filter media may be included in a sleeve 120, which acts to support the filter media. As the scraper spins, the contaminants located on the filter will follow the taper coil of the helical structure through outlet 125 of the housing 150 to the collection unit or pod 140. FIG. 1B shows a side perspective of the device of FIG. 1A, when configured for use.

[0165]

[0155] In some embodiments, the rotating mechanism 130 comprises a Attorney Docket No. 16105.0049-00304 servo motor (not shown) that engages the driving gear, spinning the extendable gear seal counter-clockwise, up the bayonet until it reaches the end of the bayonet where the mechanism is now able to spin freely and rotate the helical scraper. As the extendable seal rotates up the bayonet, this engages the seal of the system and meshes with the gears on the helical scraper.

[0166]

[0156] When the extendable gear spins clockwise, the spring pushes the extendable gear seal down the bayonet. This disengages the seal on the cartridge and allows the consumer to remove it.

[0167]

[0157] In some embodiments, the servo-motor will start spinning when water either leaves the washing machine or enters the device and may depend on the chosen sensor and its location.

[0168]

[0158] The helical scraper spins and cleans the sleeve while water enters the system. Once water stops pumping into the system, the scraper may continue to rotate. For example, after water ceases entering the system, the scraper may continue to rotate for 1-300 seconds, such as 10-200 seconds such as 20-150 seconds, such as 30 to 130 seconds, such as 60-125 seconds or 75-100 seconds and then cease rotation. The scraper continues to spin after the machine stops pumping water into the system to ensure that filtered particles are moved to the collection unit.

[0169]

[0159] FIG. 2 shows an exemplary side perspective view of a self-cleaning filtration device 200 having a spinning helical structure 110, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure. Helical structure 110 removes particles 225 from the mesh, preventing clogging until the bristles and squeegee wear down. This figure shows a filtration process for a washing machine effluent that enters the cartridge at inlet 220. The rotating mechanism 130 spins at least a portion of the cartridge 132, Attorney Docket No. 16105.0049-00304 which includes helical structure 110 with a scraping element 112, such as bristles, tufts, and / or squeegee, and scrapes the mesh surface area when rotated. In some embodiments, the scraping element 112 is configured to scape more than 70% of the mesh surface area, such as, for example, more than 75%, more than 80%, more than 85%, more than 90%, more than 95%, more than 96%, more than 97%, more than 98%, or more than 99% of the mesh surface area during rotation. In a preferred embodiment, the scaping element 112 is configured to scrape 100% of the mesh surface area when rotated. The rotating helical structure 110 removes particles, such as microfibers 225, and / or debris from the mesh. In some embodiments, when water is flowing through the system, vortices may carry the particles towards the outlet 230. The water flow pushes the concentrated microfibers 225 to the collection unit or pod that is downstream of outlet 230, shown as 235. The filtered water exits the sleeve 245 and continues to the filter outlet and into the drain. The direction of rotation of helical structure 110 is chosen to facilitate pushing the dislodged particles towards outlet 230.

[0170]

[0160] FIG. 3 shows an exemplary filtration device 300. Filtration device 300 includes a fluid inlet 302 to receive inlet flow and a fluid outlet 304 to discharge filtered fluid (filtrate). Filtration device 300 includes a primary housing portion 306 and a canister portion 308. In some embodiments, canister portion 308 may be detachable from primary housing portion 306.

[0171]

[0161] The filtration device 300 includes filtration device 312 comprising a helical structure 314 with scraping elements 316, for cleaning contaminants off the filter media. A rotation mechanism 320 is integrally attached to the helical structure 314 to rotate the helical structure 314 inside the filter media. During rotation, the scraping elements 316 dislodges particles attached or in contact with the filter media. Attorney Docket No. 16105.0049-00304

[0172] The dislodged contaminants may be discharged through fluid outlet 304. Filtered particles and debris may be collected for disposal in a collection unit (not shown), such as in canister 308.

[0173]

[0162] In some embodiments, filtration device 312 may include a bypass line 325. Bypass line 325, as shown in FIG. 3, is configured to divert fluid flow from fluid inlet 302 around primary filter 312 to fluid outlet 304. In some embodiments, bypass line 325 may be configured to divert fluid flow from fluid inlet 302 around secondary filter (not shown) to fluid outlet 304.

[0174]

[0163] In some embodiments, filter 314 may comprise a vortical filter configuration, such as described in International PCT Application No. PCT / US2022 / 082570, assigned to the present applicant, which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.

[0175]

[0164] FIG. 4 shows a helical structure 110 of an exemplary filtration device consistent with embodiments of the disclosure. The tapered-helical coil 110 includes scraping elements 112 in the form of a plurality of tufts protruding from the rib 420. In this FIG., the scraping elements 112 comprise bristles in the form of tufts, and that are configured to contact the filter media (not shown). The tufts have a generally circular cross-section, but may, in other embodiments, have a different cross-section shape, such as, for example, a square, rectangular, rhomboid, elliptical, pentagonal, hexagonal, or octagonal cross-section. In a preferred embodiment, the tufts are configured such that during rotation, the circular rotations of the tufts against the filter media slightly overlap to clean the entire surface area of the mesh. In other embodiments, the circular rotations of the tufts against the filter media may be adjacent to one another, rather than overlapping. In some embodiments, the circular rotations of the tufts against the filter media may be Attorney Docket No. 16105.0049-00304 spaced slightly apart, but in a way that does not inhibit cleaning the filter media. The structure of the exemplary tufts shown in FIG. 4 had the following characteristics.

[0176]

[0165] FIG. 5 shows a helical structure 110 of an exemplary filtration device consistent with embodiments of the disclosure. The tapered-helical coil 110 includes scraping elements 112 that protrudes from the side of the rib 420. In this figure, the scraping elements 112 comprise a brush, wherein the brush is configured to contact the filter media (not shown). In some embodiments, the brush 112 may be a continuous line of bristles. In some embodiments, the brush 112 may comprises a series of adjacent or substantially adjacent tufts such that the bristles of the tufts form a nearly continuous or continuous line of bristles. In other embodiments, the brush 112 may comprise a series of adjacent or substantially adjacent tufts such that tufts form a substantially continuous or continuous line. The structure of the exemplary brush shown in FIG. 5 had the following characteristics.

[0177]

[0166] FIG. 6 is similar to the configuration of FIG. 5, and has the same brush characteristics as described for FIG. 5, except for the location that the brush is attached to the rib, e.g., the brush is either attached to the side of the rib or sits on / is attached to the top. In some embodiments, the helical structure may have support structures, such as aligned in the direction of the helical central axis, as shown in Attorney Docket No. 16105.0049-00304

[0178] FIG. 5 and others. In preferred embodiments, such support structures do not inhibit fluid vortex formation along the helical rib. In other preferred embodiments, the helical structure omits such support structures.

[0179]

[0167] FIG. 7 shows a helical structure 110 of an exemplary filtration device consistent with embodiments of the disclosure. The tapered-helical coil 110 includes scraping elements 112 in the form of a squeegee protruding from the rib 420. The squeegee is configured to contact the filter media (not shown).

[0180]

[0168] FIG. 8 shows a helical structure 110 of an exemplary filtration device consistent with embodiments of the disclosure. The tapered-helical coil 110 includes scraping elements 112 in the form of a combination of bristles and / or a squeegee attached to the outside of the helical structure in the direction of the central axis of the helical structure 110. Although two such scraping elements 112 are shown in FIG. 8, there may be 2, 3, 4, or 5 such elements in other embodiments. In some embodiments, scraping elements 112 in FIG. 8 may have a slight curvature. In other embodiments, scraping elements 112 in FIG. 8 may comprise a plurality of scraping elements each being two or more adjacent revolutions of the rib. As shown, this embodiment does not include scraping elements located at the edge of the helical structure. Attorney Docket No. 16105.0049-00304

[0181]

[0169] FIG. 9 shows a helical structure 110 of an exemplary filtration device consistent with embodiments of the disclosure. The tapered-helical coil 110 includes scraping elements 112 comprising bristles protruding from the edge of the rib and a squeegee located on the surface of the rib.

[0182]

[0170] FIG. 10 shows a side view of a helical structure 110 having at least one rib configured as a continuous spiral with a plurality of scraping elements 112 comprising bristles protruding therefrom. Attorney Docket No. 16105.0049-00304

[0183]

[0171] In FIGS. 4-10, described above, although the straight-line support structures are shown in FIGS. 4-10, they may be omitted in some embodiments. Similarly, any of the scraping elements 112 described in FIGS. 4-10 may be positioned anywhere along the ribs, such as the side of the ribs (as shown for the tufts in FIG. 4); along the surface of the rib facing the second (narrower) end of the helical structure 110, such as shown in FIGS. 5-7; along the surface of the rib facing the first (wider) end of the helical structure 110 (either in addition to or in alternative to on the side facing the narrower end), such as shown in FIG. 10; in the direction of the central axis of the helical structure, such as shown in FIG. 8; or a combination of any of these, such as shown in FIG. 9. It will also be appreciated that the scraping elements 112 may be a combination of squeegees, tufts, or brushes.

[0184]

[0172] FIG. 11A shows a side view of a sleeve 1100 for enclosing and supporting the filter media, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure. FIG. 11 B is a portion of a top view of a gear-like spline feature 1110 located at the top of the sleeve 110 shown in FIG. 11 A. In some embodiments, the sleeve has additional circumferential support to add strength to the structure (counteracting larger forces seen from friction), and support the mesh from bowing outwards, in particular during operation when fluid is being filtered.

[0185]

[0173] FIG. 12 shows another embodiment of a reinforced sleeve 1200 that is configured to enclose and support the filter media. In this embodiment, the Attorney Docket No. 16105.0049-00304 sleeve contains additional diagonal support structure 1210, for covering and supporting the filter media. The diagonal supports added to the sleeve not only increase the strength but they were shown to prevent the mesh from expanding and losing contact with the helical structure / scraper. This figure also shows the gear-like spline feature 1110 at the top of the sleeve that is shown in FIG. 11 A.

[0186]

[0174] An experimental test method was used to evaluate the efficiency of a flow sensor before the filtration device for washing machines, which may be applied to filters that are internal or external to the washing machine. A testing setup 1300 may be arranged as shown in FIG. 13. Components may include washing machine 1310, which include any standard domestic washing machine, either top load or front load may be used. A water detection sensor or flow sensor 1320 is connected to the washing machine.

[0187]

[0175] There are multiple options for the water detection or flow sensor including, but not limited to:

[0188] • Pump current / washing machine - by reading the current coming from the washing machine pump, or an existing sensor on a washing machine

[0189] • Capacitive sensor - testing the capacitance of a tube before the inlet of the device

[0190] • Flow sensor - (waterwheel or other) before the beginning of the device

[0191] • Weight sensor - load cell or other scale-like sensor to measure presence of higher mass

[0192] • Ultrasonic sensor - measures height of water within a tube

[0193] • Infrared / optical sensor - measure change in wavelength, differentiating liquid vs. air

[0194] • Pressure sensor - manometer or other water pressure

[0195] • Hall effect / float switch - physical movement from floater moved by water Attorney Docket No. 16105.0049-00304

[0196]

[0176] In some embodiments, the flow sensor may be stationed directly before the filtration device, as shown in FIG. 13, to ensure it is sensing flow from the washing machine, directly before the helical structure 1330. The location of the collection unit or pod 1340 is shown after helical structure 1330.

[0197]

[0177] FIG. 14 is an exploded view of an exemplary rotation mechanism 1400, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure. Exemplary FIG. 14 shows an inlet 1410 for receiving water from a washing machine. In one embodiment, the motor 1420 for the rotation mechanism 1400 has a small gear 1430 attached thereto. The small gear 1430 is configured to engage a large gear with bayonet 1440. The rotation mechanism 1400 further includes an inlet to sleeve / cartridge 1450 that moves horizontally to engage the sleeve / cartridge housing the filter unit, such as housing helical structure 1330 (or 110 for example), thereby causing the helical structure, the filter media, or both, to rotate when the motor is on. When both the helical structure and filter media are rotated, they may be rotated in opposite directions. External housing and motor mount 1455 attaches the rotation mechanism 1400 to the cartridge.

[0198]

[0178] FIG. 14A shows the rotation mechanism 1400 attached to the filtration device 100, when located inside a housing 1460, with the rotation mechanism 1400 located outside housing 120 and attached via an external housing and motor mount 1455.

[0199]

[0179] FIG. 14B shows an exploded, side view of the rotation mechanism shown in FIG. 14, whereas FIG. 14C shows a cutaway view of the rotation mechanism shown in FIG. 14B, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure. As shown in FIGS. 14-14C, the structure being rotated (e.g., 1440, 1450) may have a hollow core to facilitate the flow of fluid into the filter unit and helical Attorney Docket No. 16105.0049-00304 structure for filtration. This hollow core is beneficial because it prevents the build up of debris, such as large particles, fibrous materials, hair, string, fibers, and other material that could catch on and eventually clog the rotation mechanism. The hollow core also prevents the buildup of debris because contaminants are passed through the core and do not entrap themselves on the mesh or ribs where they might accumulate over time. As such, the rotation mechanism is preferably an external rotation mechanism outside of the flow path of the fluid being filtered. Similarly, a hollow shaft leading to the inlet of the helical structure and external rotation mechanism prevents the build up of debris, including hair, fibers, strings, and fibrous materials.

[0200]

[0180] FIG. 15 shows the experimental test set-up method 1500 that is used to evaluate the Housing Efficiency Procedure performance. As shown, a water / flock mixture 1505 was pumped through the scraper housing 1510 with the spiral spinning. The clean water was filtered through the entry beaker 1515 and filtration paper 1520 in the vacuum filtration system 1525. The filtration paper was removed and placed in the dehydrator 1530 for 10 minutes. The filtration paper was weighed 1535, to give the post-filter weight.

[0201]

[0181] FIG. 16 illustrates the experimental setup 1600 used for Move Towel Clog (MTC) testing. The laundry load materials according to this Example were Terry cloth cotton towels soiled with coconut oil. TIDE® powdered laundry detergent was used as the cleaning agent without additives. A commercially available washing machine 1610 was used as the washing machine for testing. The fluid discharge of washing machine 1610 was connected to a clear testing tank 1615. The collected fluid in test bay 1615 was discharged using a discharge pump to a filter unit being tested 1625 via a non-impeding pressure sensor 1620. Filter 1625 Attorney Docket No. 16105.0049-00304 includes the cartridge and helical structure described above, and a collection unit 1630. The filtered fluids from cartridge and helical structure 1625 and collection unit 1630 were passed through non-impeding flow sensors 1635 and 1636 to drain 1640. The filtered materials were retained by the filtration portion and clean fluid passed to a discharge, via the filter.

[0202]

[0182] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 18, the filtration device for removing contaminants from a fluid 1800 comprises three sections - a filter cartridge 1801 , a rotating mechanism 1802, and a particle collection unit 1803. In some embodiments, the filter cartridge 1801 comprises an inlet 1805 for receiving fluid and an outlet 1810 for discharging contaminants removed from the fluid. In some embodiments, the filter cartridge 1801 comprises a filter media 1815 comprising a porous material 1820 and a helical structure 1825 located within the filter media 1815. The helical structure 1825 comprises at least one rib having an open core 1826. The helical structure 1825 further comprises at least one scraping element 1830 protruding from the at least one rib 1825 and configured to contact the filter media.

[0203]

[0183] In some embodiments, the helical structure 1825 and the filter media 1815 are in a rotational relationship to each other that assist the helical structure in dislodging contaminants attached to the interior surface of the filter media 1815 when the helical structure 1825 or the filter media 1815 rotates relative to the other.

[0204]

[0184] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 18, the rotating mechanism 1802 includes a motor 1818 that drives the helical structure 1825 by rotating the outer circumference of the first opening 1855, to rotate the helical structure 1825 inside the filter media 1815. In some embodiments, the rotating Attorney Docket No. 16105.0049-00304 mechanism 1802 includes the motor 1818 that drives the filter media 1815 by rotating the outer circumference to rotate the filter media 1815 around the helical structure 1825. In some embodiments, the rotating mechanism 1802 includes the motor 1818 that drives both of the filter media 1815 and the helical structure 1825 to rotate relative to each other, preferably in opposite directions. In some embodiments, the rotation mechanism 1802 includes hollow shaft 1856 that allows the fluid and solid particles to flow therethrough. In some embodiments, it is preferred that the rotation of helical structure 1825 and / or filter media 1815 is continuous in the same direction, such that the relative rotation causes helical structure 1825 to act as a screw that facilitates movement of the dislodged particles and / or debris towards outlet 1810. In some embodiments, the flow path from inlet 1805 to outlet 1810 created by rib 1830 when fluid is flowing through the filter cartridge may facilitate removal of dislodged particles and debris from the helical structure through outlet 1810. In some embodiments the flow of water over backward facing ribs may create vortices which may dislodge particles from the mesh. In some embodiments, such vortices also facilitate the movement of particles towards the outlet 1810 for collection.

[0205]

[0185] In some embodiments, the is a drain port 1888 built into the filter housing that allows the housing to drain before the consumer opens the front cap. In some embodiments, the drain port 1888 may be opened via a solenoid, flapper, or a similar valve.

[0206]

[0186] In some embodiments, the filtration device 1800 further comprises a collection unit 1870 configured to collect contaminants filtered from the fluid or dislodged from the filter media that exit through the second opening. In some embodiments the collection unit 1803 is a removeable, accumulation chamber that is Attorney Docket No. 16105.0049-00304 configured to be fastened to the filtration device via a fastening mechanism 1870.

[0207]

[0187] An exemplary illustration of a main housing 1876 in which the cartridge and particle collection unit are contained in shown in FIG. 18A. That is, the main filter housing holds both the filter cartridge and the pod. Outlet 1877 allows for the removal of clean water that exists the cartridge through the filter media mesh 1815. On opposite ends of the main housing 1876 are the interface 1878 configured to connect to the collection unit and location 1879 where the rotating mechanism

[0208] 1802 attaches to the filter housing 1876. Exemplary collection units may be as described in PCT / US2024 / 043815, which is incorporated herein by reference.

[0209]

[0188] Additional exemplary embodiments of elements used in the filtration device described here are shown in FIGS. 18B (the vortical filter section 1801 ) and 18C (the particle collection section 1803). Such elements may be present in the filter cartridge 1801 (e.g., the helical structure 1881 ), and in the particle collection unit

[0210] 1803 (e.g., a sleeve 1880 for covering the filter media 1815). and further showing cleaning elements 1891 , and a spiral inlet 1882.

[0211]

[0189] FIG. 18C shows a pod cage 1883 for housing the disposable pod 1885. Finally, an end cap 1884 for covering the end of the main housing 1876, which interfaces with 1878. In FIG. 18C, the faceplate of the disposable pod 1885 may seat on the lip of pod cage 1883 and be held in place in a sandwich fashion by attachment of end cap 1884. In other embodiments, other attachment mechanisms, such as keyed portions, may be incorporated. In some embodiments, pod cage 1883 can hold a reusable collection chamber.

[0212]

[0190] In one embodiment, such as described in FIG. 19, the filtration process described herein starts with dirty water, such as from a washing machine, 1905 enters a filtration device 1900, through an inlet 1906 that is connected to or Attorney Docket No. 16105.0049-00304 forms part of a rotating mechanism 1902. The dirty water enters the filter cartridge 1901 though a first opening 1907 for receiving fluid. In some embodiments, there is a water sensor or flow sensor (not shown) that detects the flow of water into the rotating mechanism, which triggers the motor 1908 to start thereby driving the rotation of the helical structure 1925. As the helical structure 1925 rotates, vortices 1912 form in the water. In addition, the cleaning / scraping elements 1915 located on, and protruding out of the helical structure 1925, such as bristles and / or squeegee make contact with the mesh of the filter media 1920, thereby cleaning the mesh by dislodging any particles located thereon.

[0213]

[0191] In some embodiments, during the described process clean water 1930 exits through the mesh filter media 1920, while the helical structure pushes particulate to the collection unit 1903.

[0214]

[0192] In some embodiments, the filter cartridge 1901 comprises a filter media 1920 comprising a porous material and a helical structure 1925 located within the filter media 1920. The helical structure 1925 comprises at least one rib having an open core 1926. The helical structure 1925 further comprises at least one scraping element 1915 protruding from the at least one rib 1920 and configured to contact the filter media 1920.

[0215]

[0193] In some embodiments, the helical structure 1925 and the filter media 1920 are in a rotational relationship that assist the helical structure in dislodging contaminants attached to the interior surface of the filter media when the helical structure and / or the filter media rotate relative to the other.

[0216]

[0194] In some embodiments, the filtration device 1900 further comprises a collection unit 1903 configured to collect contaminants filtered from the fluid or dislodged from the filter media that exit through the second opening. In some Attorney Docket No. 16105.0049-00304 embodiments the collection unit 1903 is a removeable, accumulation chamber that is configured to be fastened to the filtration device via a fastening mechanism 1922.

[0217]

[0195] FIG. 20A shows, in cross section, an exemplary tapered-helical coil 2000 that comprises the helical structure 2010 have a hollow core. The tapered- helical coil 2010 can be a unitary (e.g., monolithic) or multi-piece component having a spirally oriented rib 2012. Tapered-helical coil 2010 may be configured to generate vortices along rib 2012. Rib 2012 may coil into a funnel-shaped vortex that revolves about central axis 2018 between adjacent revolutions of rib 2012. In operation, fluid flow enters at first opening 2014, as indicated by arrow 2020. When fluid is flowing the helical structure 2010 rotates inside a filter media.

[0218]

[0196] As fluid passes through tapered-helical coil 2010, filtrate fluid can exit from lateral sides (e.g., spaces between revolutions of rib 2012) of tapered- helical coil 2010. Fluid can also exit through second opening 2040. Tapered-helical coil 2010 may, when surrounded by a sleeve or support structure 2025 or other filter media (not shown), form a flow guide that influences fluid flowing through the filter. Tapered-helical coil 2010 may generate vortices, such as vortexes, eddies, or any fluid flow mechanism that entrains, concentrates, or transports particles suspended therein, to second opening 2040, including along a spiral, looping, or winding path along rib 2012 towards second opening 2040. In some embodiments, the last revolution of the spiral is not tapered. In some embodiments, the last revolution does not have bristles. In some embodiments, the last revolution may include a squeegee.

[0219]

[0197] FIG 20B shows a cartridge according to the present disclosure with a sleeve or support structure 2025 located thereon, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure.

[0220]

[0198] A breakdown of the variable associated with the different cartridge Attorney Docket No. 16105.0049-00304 elements of FIGS. 20A and 20B is shown in the following table. Attorney Docket No. 16105.0049-00304

[0221]

[0199] A closer analysis of the cartridge structure 2000 of FIG. 20, specifically related to the helical structure is shown in FIG. 21. Of particular note are the parameters associated with the extension of spiral into the pod (G) 2105, as well as extension past the sleeve (H) 2110. Non-limiting values associated with pitch 2115, tapers 2120 and rib variables 2125 are also provided. A breakdown of the variable associated with the helical structure of FIG. 21 is shown in the following table.

[0222]

[0200] A closer analysis of the cartridge structure 2000 of FIG. 20, specifically related to the bristles and squeegee are shown in FIG. 22. A breakdown of the variable associated with the helical structure of FIG. 22 is shown in the Attorney Docket No. 16105.0049-00304 following table.

[0223]

[0201] The following Table describes variables related to the bristles and squeegees, specifically related to ratios that are independent of system size but which can lead to unique and bespoke “bristle longevity enhancers,” or “BLEs.” Attorney Docket No. 16105.0049-00304

[0224]

[0202] FIGS. 23A and 23B show side views of a reinforced sleeve 2300 for covering and supporting the filter media, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure. These figures show radial grid support structure 2310 with 90-degree angles 2320 between supports the filter media and mitigates wear and tear of the mesh. Mesh thickness will vary based on type of mesh.

[0225]

[0203] The “effective” mesh surface area calculation accounts for blockage by surface area of the support structure.

[0226]

[0204] FIG. 24 shows a cross section of a cartridge 2400 consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure, such as shown in FIG. 18. FIG. 24 shows that Attorney Docket No. 16105.0049-00304 the spiral 2410 that creates vortices which in turn direct particulates away from the mesh, extends into the collection unit 2420. In some embodiments, the spiral extends one extra revolution 2425 into the collection unit 2420, which enhances particle transportation toward the collection unit 2420. As shown in FIG. 24, in some embodiments the final revolution of the spiral 2430 is not tapered to mitigate particle buildup at the edge of the sleeve 2435. It is noted that describing the at least one rib configured as a continuous spiral from the first opening “to at least the second opening,” means that it extends into the collection unit 2420, as shown in FIG. 24. In some embodiments, the extra revolution may have the same diameter as the smallest diameter of the tapered section. Such embodiments are still considered tapered helical structures.

[0227]

[0205] FIG. 24 further shows rotating mechanism 2450 spins bristles 2455 that dislodges particles or debris from the filter media. Also shown is a squeegee 2460 which pushes particulate to the Pod collection unit 2420.

[0228]

[0206] FIGS. 25A-25C show side views of exemplary structural features 2510 configured to support or shape a scraping element 2505, such as a tuft or bristles, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure, which are sometimes referred to as “bristle longevity enhancers,” or “BLEs.” The structure 2510 shown in FIGS. 25A-25C were shown to reduce wear and deformation seen during initial bristle testing. While the support structures shown in these figures 2510 resemble the letter “J” and protrude from beneath the bristle 2505, other shapes for these structural features may be used. Non-limiting examples include “O,” “U,” and “V” shapes.

[0229]

[0207] These bristle longevity enhancers 2510 reduce the deflection of the bristles 2505 and thus extend the lifetime and effectiveness of the bristles. Direction Attorney Docket No. 16105.0049-00304 of bristle deformation acts opposite to the direction of motion of the bristle- this is why the longevity enhancers support the bottom and right sides of the tuft 2505.

[0230]

[0208] FIG. 26 shows an exemplary set-up 2600 and location in a washing machine for a filtration system, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure. FIG. 26 shows a filter accessible by a front panel 2610, and an exemplary integrated bypass valve 2620. The filter shown in FIG. 26 is consistent with filter device 1800 in FIG. 18

[0231]

[0209] FIG. 27 shows an exemplary setup for a filtering process 2700, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure. In this figure, dirty water from the washing machine drum 2710 is pumped up through tube 2715 and enters the bypass system 2720. If the filter is not clogged, bypass 2720 will allow water to flow through tube 2725 and enter the Filter 2730. As the machine pumps, the rotating mechanism 2735 spins the Spiral and cleans the Mesh 2740. Contaminated water flows towards the Pod collection unit 2745 where microplastics are captured. Clean water exits through the continuously cleaned Mesh and out through tube 2750 and exits out of the washing machine through the system drain 2760.

[0232]

[0210] FIG. 28 shows results of efficiency testing on a filtration system, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure. Results of the efficiency testing are shown in FIG. 28, with calculated efficiencies ranging from 95.97% to 98.65%.

[0233]

[0211] FIG. 29 shows an exemplary test flow diagram, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure. FIG. 29 illustrates the test set-up for the IEC Energy Label Procedure IEC 60456 test that is reported in Example 5.

[0234]

[0212] Additional embodiments of system according to the present disclosure, specifically related to an integrated housing module is shown in FIG. 40. Attorney Docket No. 16105.0049-00304

[0235]

[0213] FIG. 40 shows an exemplary view of an integrated housing module, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure. As shown, the system breakdown includes a consumer access panel 4010 that enables users to access the modular unit for cleaning or repair. Also shown is a low power-DC motor 4020 that powers the rotation mechanism. A cartridge and pod is shown in 4030. A breakout PCB is shown in 4040. Alternatively, this can also be integrated into washing machine PCB. In addition, a mount system for the washing machine is shown in 4050.

[0236]

[0214] FIG. 41 shows an exemplary view of a cartridge 4110 and a collection unit (pod) 4150, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure. The cartridge shows a helical structure 4120 (e.g., VORTX structure by CLEANR), a removal handle for replacement 4130, a sleeve with 50-micron, stainless steel mesh 4140. A collection Pod 4150 is also shown.

[0237]

[0215] FIGS. 42A-42D show exemplary views of exemplary structural features configured to support or shape a scraping element, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure.

[0238]

[0216] FIG. 43 shows an exemplary view of a modular filter 4300, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure.

[0239] Example Summary

[0240]

[0217] A series of tests were conducted to gather additional information on the housing and each helical scraper prototype. The tests completed are as follows:

[0241]

[0218] Housing Efficiency Trials: The purpose of the housing efficiency trials is to ensure there are no leaks or inefficiencies that will greatly impact the testing results. The average efficiency across 3 trials must be higher than 90%.

[0242]

[0219] Housing MTC Baselines: An MTC (Move Towel Clog) test involves Attorney Docket No. 16105.0049-00304 collecting the washing machine effluent from one load of laundry with “move towels”. The purpose of the MTC baseline tests are to run the chosen sleeve with no helical scraper spinning. This provides a baseline performance of the CLEANR sleeve with no cleaning mechanism on the MTC test.

[0243]

[0220] MTC Trials: The purpose of the MTC trials is to monitor the performance of the helical scraper prototypes in a controlled test. Each MTC trial is the equivalent of one washing machine load.

[0244]

[0221] Washing Machine Baselines: The purpose of the Washing baseline tests are to run the chosen sleeve with no helical scraper spinning. This provides a baseline performance of the CLEANR sleeve with no cleaning mechanism on a washing machine.

[0245]

[0222] Washing Machine Tests: The purpose of the Washing machine tests are to monitor the performance of the helical scraper prototypes across multiple washing machine cycles.

[0246]

[0223] The following slides include the in-depth procedures, required equipment and the test results for each of the listed tests.

[0247] Example 1 : Testing Procedure for Helical Scraper MTC Tests

[0248]

[0224] A washing load of 3kg of heavy shedding cotton towels, 2g of coconut oil and 30g of Tide Original powder detergent is run and drained into a 40L tank. This is considered “One MTC Cycle”.

[0249]

[0225] The washing machine should be set to the highest spin setting to ensure the maximum amount of shed.

[0250]

[0226] When the washing cycle is complete the Helical Scraper housing is assembled with the sleeve and helical scraper of interest.

[0251]

[0227] A pressure sensor is placed in line with the test bay and the Attorney Docket No. 16105.0049-00304 housing inlet. Flow sensors are placed on the pod and sleeve outlet.

[0252]

[0228] For the Helical Scraper MTC testing, the helical scraper was spinning for the entirety of the test.

[0253]

[0229] The test bay pump is turned on to pump the effluent through the scraper system.

[0254]

[0230] The test is complete when all the effluent has been pumped through the scraper system.

[0255] Example 2: Housing Efficiency Trials

[0256]

[0231] An experimental test method was used to evaluate the Housing Efficiency Procedure performance of the described filtration systems, such as washing machines or other wastewater systems, using flock fibers. Specifications of this experimental method may include the following.

[0257]

[0232] In the experimental test method 1500, shown in FIG. 15, a water / flock mixture 1505 was pumped through the scraper housing 1510 with the spiral spinning. The clean water was filtered through the entry beaker 1515 and filtration paper 1520 in the vacuum filtration system 1525. The filtration paper was removed and placed in the dehydrator 1530 for 10 minutes. The filtration paper was then weighed 1535, to give the post-filter weight.

[0258]

[0233] The efficiency testing is further described in the following steps:

[0259] • 1g of Nylon Flock Fiber was weighed.

[0260] • A circular disk of 20 urn filtration paper was dehydrated and weighed. The filtration paper was placed in the vacuum filtration system.

[0261] • The 1g of Nylon Flock Fiber was added to 15 L of clean water and mixed into a 40L test bay.

[0262] • The scraper housing was set up as follows: Attorney Docket No. 16105.0049-00304 o Sleeve and spiral were inserted into the housing. o Collection unit was blocked to force all water out of the sleeve. o Sleeve outlet was routed to the entry beaker.

[0263] • The water / flock mixture was pumped through the scraper housing with the spiral spinning. The clean water was filtered through the entry beaker and filtration paper in the vacuum filtration system.

[0264] • The filtration paper was removed and placed in the dehydrator for 10 minutes.

[0265] • The filtration paper is weighed. This is the post-filter weight.

[0266] • The efficiency of the housing was calculated using the following equation:

[0267] Efficiency = 1 - (Post Filter Weight-Pre Filter Weight} Weight of Nylon Flock Fiber

[0268]

[0234] Results of the efficiency testing are shown in FIG. 28, with calculated efficiencies ranging from 95.97% to 98.65%.

[0269] Example 3

[0270]

[0235] FIG. 16 illustrates the experimental setup 1600 used for Move Towel Clog (MTC) testing. The laundry loan materials according to this Example were Terry cloth cotton towels soiled with coconut oil. TIDE® powdered laundry detergent was used as the cleaning agent without additives.

[0271]

[0236] A commercially available washing machine 1610 was used as the washing machine for testing. The fluid discharge of washing machine 1610 was connected to a clear testing tank 1615. The collected fluid in test bay 1615 was discharged using a discharge pump to a filter unit being tested 1625 via a nonimpeding pressure sensor 1620. Filter 1625 includes the cartridge and helical structure described above, and a collection unit 1630. The filtered fluids from cartridge and helical structure 1625 and collection unit 1630 were passed through Attorney Docket No. 16105.0049-00304 non-impeding flow sensors 1635 and 1636 to drain 1640. The filtered materials were retained by the filtration portion and filtered fluid passed through the filter material to a discharge.

[0272]

[0237] Testing comprised the following steps. 3kg of cotton terry towels were loaded into the washing machine. 30g of powdered detergent was loaded into the designated tray of the washing machine. 2g of coconut oil was mixed with the towels. The washing machine load was run on the normal cycle settings (3 / 5 temp, 5 / 5 spin, 2 / 3 soil). The washing machine was drained into a 40L tank. This is considered one MTC cycle. The washing machine was set to the highest spin setting to ensure the maximum amount shed.

[0273]

[0238] When the washing cycle was complete, the Helical Scraper housing was assembled with the sleeve and helical scraper of interest.

[0274]

[0239] A pressure sensor was placed in line with the test bay and the housing inlet. Flow sensors were placed on the pod and sleeve outlet. For the Helical Scraper MTC testing, the helical scraper was spinning for the entirety of the test. The test bay pump was turned on to pump the effluent through the scraper system. The test was complete when all the effluent has been pumped through the scraper system.

[0275]

[0240] Water discharged from the washing load was collected in the testing tank. Once full load cycle was collected in the testing tank, the fluid was pumped through the Experimental filter being evaluated (either standard or reduced size) using the 20 LPM washing machine pump of the test bay. The fluid was measured by at the pressure sensor before entering the Experimental filter. The fluid flow rate discharged from the Experimental filter was measured. Test for a total of four washing machine loads for each experimental filter. Attorney Docket No. 16105.0049-00304

[0276]

[0241] Results of these pod and sleeve separation tests are shown in FIG. 17. As evident, when the average of the top 25 flow rates were considered, the sleeve flow is very constant over 45 cycles (Slope of -0.0197 Liters per cycle). Average sleeve flow rate across all 45 cycles is 17.32 LPM with a standard deviation of 0.61 LPM.

[0277] Example 4

[0278]

[0242] The goal of this example demonstrates the performance advantage of the disclosed cartridge, specifically its integrated helical scraper with hollow shaft and vortical cross-flow filtration,, in preventing entanglement and clogging from long, string-like contaminants such as pet hair and textile fibers.

[0279]

[0243] Competing self-cleaning filter designs often suffer from hair wrapping around the central shaft of the cleaning mechanism, leading to reduced flow and cleaning efficiency. By directing a portion of the wastewater flow through the hollow shaft and actively transporting debris to the collection pod, the disclosed configuration mitigates shaft entanglement and maintains consistent filtration performance.

[0280]

[0244] This test simulates high-hair-content washing machine effluent to quantify debris capture, assess resistance to shaft buildup, and validate repeatable operation under worst-case contaminant conditions

[0281] Test Procedure

[0282]

[0245] Pre-weigh a collection unit (Pod) and Cartridge (after dehydrating for 30 minutes). The inventive cartridge and pod was inserted into the inventive module.

[0283]

[0246] A test stand was filled with 30L of water._Next 0.2 grams of pet hair was added. All hair was between 1-8 cm long. Next 3g of mineral oil was added. Attorney Docket No. 16105.0049-00304

[0284]

[0247] The spinning mechanism motor was turned on, which was followed by flushing 30 L mixture through device. Keep spinning mechanism motor on for 2 minutes after the mixture has finished going through the system.

[0285] 1 . a collection unit (Pod) and Cartridge (after dehydrating for 30 minutes) was weighed. The Cartridge and Pod were inserted into inventive module.

[0286] 2. a test stand was filled with 30L of water.

[0287] 3. 0.2 grams of pet hair, having a length between 1-8 cm, was then added.

[0288] 4. 3g of mineral oil was next added.

[0289] 5. the spinning mechanism motor was turned on and the 30 L mixture was flushed through device. The spinning mechanism motor was allowed to spin for 2 minutes after the mixture had finished going through the system.

[0290] 6. Next, the test stand was filled with 30L of clean water. The spinning mechanism motor was turned on and 30 L of clean water was flushed through device. Again, the spinning mechanism motor was kept on for 2 minutes after the clean water had finished going through the system.

[0291] 7. Steps 2-6 were repeated for a total of 5 repetitions. At this point, the following quantities had been flushed through the system: a. 300L water b. 1 g pet hair (lengths 1 -8cm) c. 15g mineral oil

[0292] 8. Next, the Pod and cartridge were dehydrated for 1 hour and 30 minutes.

[0293] 9. The Pod and Cartridge were weighed to calculate weight gain.

[0294]

[0248] The results of the testing are shown that the Pod Weight Changed from 4.738g to15.843g, which was an increase of 11 ,105g: 86.7% of hair / oil entered pod. [11.105g / (11.105 + 1.703) g] Attorney Docket No. 16105.0049-00304

[0295]

[0249] VORTX Cartridge Weight Change from 87.784g 89.487g, which was an increase of 1 .703g: 13.3% of hair / oi I left in VORTX Cartridge. [1.703g I (11.105 + 1.703) g]

[0296]

[0250] Of the 16g total substances added to the system 12.8g collected. The remaining 3.2g lost in test system.

[0297] Example 5

[0298]

[0251] The goal of this example demonstrates the performance characteristics, specifically flow rate, of washing machines with the described filtration device incorporated therein using Closed 10 Cycles of the IEC Energy Label Procedure IEC 60456. FIG. 29 illustrates the experimental setup 2900 used for the this procedure (IEC 60456:2024).

[0299]

[0252] A commercially available washing machine (8kg Electrolux Washing machine; Model: EW6F384YQ) 2910 was used as the washing machine for testing. The discharge of the washing machine 2910 was pumped to an integrated filter 2920, which was then passed through a flow sensor 2930, before it was passed to drain 2940.

[0300] The testing procedure was the following:

[0301]

[0253] The washer 2910 was filled with load depending on the capacity (quarter, half, or whole). A whole load was 4 sheets, 14 pillowcases, 23 towels. A half load was 2 sheets, 6 pillowcases, 14 towels. A quarter load was: 5 pillowcases, 11 towel

[0302]

[0254] The specified number of test strips in the drum with the load. (Whole: 8 strips; Half: 4 strips; Quarter: 2 strips).

[0303]

[0255] The specified amount of IEC detergent was weighed out. It comprised Sodium Percarbonate, and TAED, which was mixed and placed in the Attorney Docket No. 16105.0049-00304 detergent drawer of the machine. The following amounts were used: Whole (104.96g IEC: 19.2g Sodium Percarbonate, 3.84g TAED); Half (67.896g IEC: 12.42g Sodium Percarbonate, 2.484g TAED); and Quarter (49.364g IEC: 9.03g Sodium Percarbonate, 1.806g TAED).

[0304]

[0256] The cycle was run the cycle on the Eco 40-60 setting and the flow rate values were recorded throughout cycle.

[0305]

[0257] The above steps were repeated 10 times, while varying the load percentages in this order: Half, Half, Half, Half, Whole, Quarter, Whole, Quarter, Whole, Quarter.

[0306]

[0258] The results of the testing are provided in the Table below, and shown in FIGS. 30-39. The average flow rates for each cycle listed below were calculated by taking the highest 75 values recorded during the cycles and determining the average.

[0307]

[0259] The results indicated that there was no noticeable decrease in flowrate through the system after 10 cycles Energy Label Closed. The filter collected 7.40 g of fiber with no Pod Change and No VORTX Change Attorney Docket No. 16105.0049-00304

[0308]

[0260] As used herein, unless specifically stated otherwise, the term “or” encompasses all possible combinations of elements, except where infeasible. For example, if it is stated that a component includes X or Y, then, unless specifically stated otherwise or infeasible, the component may include X, or Y, or X and Y. As a second example, if it is stated that a component includes X, Y, or Z, then, unless specifically stated otherwise or infeasible, the component may include X, or Y, or Z, or X and Y, or X and Z, or Y and Z, or X and Y and Z. Furthermore, the phrase “one of X and Y” or “one of X or Y” shall each be interpreted in the broadest sense to include one of X, or one of Y, or one of X and one of Y.

[0309]

[0261] The block diagrams in the figures illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of systems, methods, and computer hardware / software products according to various exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. In this regard, each block in a schematic diagram may represent certain arithmetical or logical operation processing that may be implemented using hardware such as an electronic circuit or an electronic control unit. Blocks may also represent a module, a segment, or a portion of code that comprises one or more executable instructions for implementing the specified logical functions. Controllers may be programmed to execute such instructions. It should be understood that in some implementations, functions indicated in a block may occur out of the order noted in the figures. For example, two blocks shown in succession may be executed or implemented substantially concurrently, or two blocks may sometimes be executed in reverse order, depending upon the functionality involved. Some blocks may also be omitted.

[0310]

[0262] It should also be understood that each block of the block diagrams, Attorney Docket No. 16105.0049-00304 and combination of the blocks, may be implemented by special purpose hardwarebased systems that perform the specified functions or acts, or by combinations of special purpose hardware and computer instructions. It will be appreciated that the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited to the exact construction that has been described above and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, and that various modifications and changes can be made without departing from the scope thereof. For example, while examples have been discussed in the context of microplastic filtration, embodiments of the disclosure may be applicable to other forms of mass transport.

Claims

Attorney Docket No. 16105.0049-00304WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:

1. A filtration device for removing contaminants from a fluid, comprising: a filter cartridge comprising an inlet for receiving said fluid and an outlet for discharging contaminants removed from the fluid, the filter cartridge comprising: a filter media comprising a porous material configured to block contaminants that are suspended in the fluid from passing through the filter media; a helical structure located within the filter media, the helical structure comprising: a first opening and a second opening, wherein the first opening has a larger diameter than the second opening; at least one rib having an open core and configured as a continuous spiral from the first opening to at least the second opening; and at least one scraping element protruding from the at least one rib and configured to contact the filter media, wherein the helical structure and the filter media are in a rotational relationship that assist the helical structure in dislodging contaminants attached to the interior surface of the filter media when the helical structure and the filter media rotate relative to each other.

2. The filtration device of claim 1 , wherein the helical structure is configured to rotate inside the filter media and dislodge contaminants on or in the interior of the filter media.

3. The filtration device of claim 2, further comprising a rotation mechanism connected to the helical structure, wherein the rotation mechanism is configured to rotate the helical structure inside the filter media.

4. The filtration device of claim 3, wherein the rotation mechanism drives the helical structure by rotating the outer circumference of the first opening.

5. The filtration device of claim 3, wherein the rotation mechanism includes a hollow shaft that allows the fluid and solid particles to flow therethrough.Attorney Docket No. 16105.0049-003046. The filtration device of claim 1 , wherein the filter media is configured to rotate around the helical structure.

7. The filtration device of claim 1 , further comprising a collection unit configured to collect contaminants filtered from the fluid or dislodged from the filter media that exit through the second opening.

8. The filtration device of claim 7, wherein the collection unit is a removeable, accumulation chamber that is configured to be fastened to the filtration device via a fastening mechanism.

9. The filtration device of claim 7, wherein the collection unit is reusable and configured to be emptied and reattached to the filtration device.

10. The filtration device of claim 7, wherein the collection unit is disposable and replaceable.11 . The filtration device of claim 7, wherein the collection unit comprises a two-part consumable structure, comprising a first component that is reusable and a second component that is disposable.

12. The filtration device of claim 1 , wherein the at least one scraping element comprises at least one tuft, a squeegee, or combinations thereof.

13. The filtration device of claim 12, wherein each of the at least one tuft comprises a group of bristles.

14. The filtration device of claim 12, the helical structure further comprising at least one structural feature configured to support or shape the at least one tuft to reduce wear or deformation.Attorney Docket No. 16105.0049-0030415. The filtration device of claim 14, wherein the at least one structural feature includes support brackets that are configured to enhance flexibility, limit how much the at least one tuft can bend under load, or combinations thereof.

16. The filtration device of claim 15, wherein the support brackets are configured to limit tuft deflection and wear of the bristles.

17. The filtration device of claim 15, wherein the support brackets are configured to maintain at least one tuft at a desired angle against the filter media.

18. The filtration device of claim 17, wherein the support brackets are configured in a J, U, 0, or V.

19. The filtration device of claim 1 , wherein the at least one scraping element comprises a combination of one or more tufts and at least one squeegee.

20. The filtration device of claim 1 , wherein the at least one scraping element comprises a tuft made from polyamide, polypropylene, polyester, polyethylene, or combinations thereof.21 . The filtration device of claim 1 , wherein the at least one scraping element is a squeegee made of a rubber selected from natural rubber, EPDM Rubber (Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer), polychloroprene, nitrile rubber, silicone rubber, polyurethane, or combinations thereof.

22. The filtration device of claim 1 , wherein the at least one rib forms a flow path configured to guide particles scraped from the filter media along a flow path to the second opening.

23. The filtration device of claim 1 , wherein the helical structure further comprises at least scraping element that is not located on the at least one rib.Attorney Docket No. 16105.0049-0030424. The filtration device of claim 1 , further comprising a sleeve in which the filter media sits, wherein the sleeve has at least one support and is configured to provide circumferential support to the filter media.

25. The filtration device of claim 24, wherein the sleeve has a first sleeve opening and a second sleeve opening, wherein the cross-sectional area of the first sleeve opening is greater than the cross-sectional area of the second sleeve opening, the sleeve further comprising a spline coupling feature at the top of the second sleeve opening.

26. The filtration device of claim 25, wherein the filter media is integrated into the cartridge and the spline coupling feature at the top of the second sleeve opening is configured to interface the sleeve with the cartridge.

27. The filtration device of claim 1 , further comprising a housing, wherein the filter media and helical structure is integrated into the housing and configured as singular modular unit that is removable from the housing.

28. The filtration device of claim 1 , wherein the helical structure is configured to generate vortices in the received fluid entering the first opening.

29. The filtration device of claim 28, wherein the helical structure is configured such that filtered fluid exits the side of the filter media.

30. The filtration device of claim 29, wherein filtered contaminants substantially exit the helical structure at the second opening.31 . The filtration device of claim 1 , wherein the vortical cartridge has a raker reduction ratio in a range between about 1.0 and 10.0 including the end points.

32. The filtration device of claim 1 , wherein the helical structure has a variable pitch.

33. The filtration device of claim 1 , wherein the fluid is a liquid or a gas.Attorney Docket No. 16105.0049-0030434. The filtration device of claim 1 , wherein the fluid comprises a washing machine discharge fluid.

35. The filtration device of claim 34, wherein the filtration device is configured to filter microplastics from the discharge fluid.

36. The filtration device of claim 35, wherein the filtration device is configured to filter at least 80% of said microplastics when post-filtered to 50 microns.

37. The filtration device of claim 34, wherein the filtration device is configured to filter at least 75% of said microplastics from the discharge fluid after the washing machine completes 4 or more loads of laundry.

38. The filtration device of claim 1 , further comprising a bypass line configured to divert fluid flow from the inlet around the filter cartridge to the outlet.

39. The filtration device of claim 1 , wherein the filter cartridge comprises a singular sub-assembly.

40. The filtration device of claim 1 , wherein the at least one rib has an optionally tapered outer radius having a taper angle ranging from 0 to 45 degrees from the center line, and a tapered inner radius having a taper angle ranging from greater than 0 to 45 degrees from the center line.41 . A modular filter cartridge configured to be removably attached to a washing machine, comprising: a filter media comprising a porous material configured to block contaminants that are suspended in the fluid from passing through the filter media; a helical structure located within the filter media, the helical structure comprising: a first opening and a second opening, wherein the first opening has a larger diameter than the second opening;Attorney Docket No. 16105.0049-00304 at least one rib configured as a continuous spiral from the first opening to the second opening with a decreasing radius; and at least one scraping element protruding from the at least one rib and configured to contact the filter media and dislodge contaminants attached to the interior surface of the filter media, wherein the helical structure and the filter media are in a rotational relationship that assist the helical structure in dislodging contaminants attached to the interior surface of the filter media when the helical structure and the filter media rotate relative to each other.

42. The modular filter cartridge of claim 41 , wherein the modular filter cartridge comprises as a singular sub-assembly.

43. The modular filter cartridge of claim 41 , wherein the helical structure is configured to rotate inside the filter media and dislodge contaminants attached to the interior surface of the filter media.

44. The modular filter cartridge of claim 43, further comprising a rotation mechanism connected to the helical structure, wherein the rotation mechanism is configured to rotate the helical structure inside the filter media.

45. The modular filter cartridge of claim 44, wherein the rotation mechanism drives the helical structure by rotating the outer circumference of the first opening.

46. The modular filter cartridge of claim 44, wherein the rotation mechanism includes a hollow shaft that allows the fluid and solid particles to flow therethrough.

47. The modular filter cartridge of claim 41 , wherein the filter media is configured to rotate around the helical structure.

48. The modular filter cartridge of claim 41 , further comprising a collection unit configured to collect contaminants filtered from the fluid or dislodged from the filter media that exit through the second opening.Attorney Docket No. 16105.0049-0030449. The modular filter cartridge of claim 48, wherein the collection unit is a removeable, accumulation chamber that is configured to be fastened to the filtration device via a fastening mechanism.

50. The modular filter cartridge of claim 48, wherein the collection unit is reusable and configured to be emptied and reattached to the filtration device.51 . The modular filter cartridge of claim 48, wherein the collection unit is disposable and replaceable.

52. The modular filter cartridge of claim 48, wherein the collection unit comprises a two-part consumable structure, comprising a first component that is reusable and a second component that is disposable.

53. The modular filter cartridge of claim 48, wherein the at least one scraping element comprises at least one tuft, a squeegee, or combinations thereof.

54. The modular filter cartridge of claim 53, wherein each of the at least one tuft comprises a group of bristles.

55. The modular filter cartridge of claim 53, the helical structure further comprising at least one structural feature configured to support or shape the at least one tuft to reduce wear or deformation.

56. The modular filter cartridge of claim 55, wherein the at least one structural feature includes support brackets that are configured to enhance flexibility, limit how much the at least one tuft can bend under load, or combinations thereof.

57. The modular filter cartridge of claim 56, wherein the support brackets are configured to maintain at least one tuft at a desired angle against the filter media.Attorney Docket No. 16105.0049-0030458. The modular filter cartridge of claim 57, wherein the support brackets are configured in a J, U, 0, or V.

59. The modular filter cartridge of claim 41 , wherein the at least one scraping element comprises a combination of one or more tufts and at least one squeegee.

60. The modular filter cartridge of claim 41 , wherein the at least one scraping element comprises a tuft made from polyamide, polypropylene, polyester, polyethylene, or combinations thereof.61 . The modular filter cartridge of claim 41 , wherein the at least one scraping element is a squeegee made of a rubber selected from natural rubber, EPDM Rubber (Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer), polychloroprene, nitrile rubber, silicone rubber, polyurethane, or combinations thereof.

62. The modular filter cartridge of claim 41 , wherein the at least one rib forms a flow path configured to guide particles scraped from the filter media along a flow path to the second opening.

63. The modular filter cartridge of claim 41 , wherein the helical structure further comprises at least scraping element that is not located on the at least one rib.

64. The modular filter cartridge of claim 41 , further comprising a sleeve in which the filter media sits, wherein the sleeve has at least one support and is configured to provide circumferential support to the filter media.

65. The modular filter cartridge of claim 64, wherein the sleeve has a first sleeve opening and a second sleeve opening, wherein the cross-sectional area of the first sleeve opening is greater than the cross-sectional area of the second sleeve opening, the sleeve further comprising a spline coupling feature at the top of the second sleeve opening.Attorney Docket No. 16105.0049-0030466. The modular filter cartridge of claim 65, wherein the filter media is integrated into the cartridge and the spline coupling feature at the top of the second sleeve opening is configured to interface the sleeve with the cartridge.

67. The modular filter cartridge of claim 41 , further comprising a housing, wherein the filter media and helical structure is integrated into the housing and configured as singular modular unit that is removable from the housing.

68. The modular filter cartridge of claim 41 , wherein the helical structure is configured to generate vortices in the received fluid entering the first opening.

69. The modular filter cartridge of claim 68, wherein the helical structure is configured such that filtered fluid exits the side of the filter media.

70. The modular filter cartridge of claim 69, wherein filtered contaminants substantially exit the helical structure at the second opening.71 . The modular filter cartridge of claim 41 , wherein the helical structure has a raker reduction ratio in a range between about 1.0 and 10.0 including the end points.71 . The modular filter cartridge of claim 41 , wherein the helical structure has a variable pitch.

72. A machine comprising an integrated self-cleaning filtration device for removing contaminants from a fluid, the filtration device, comprising: a filter cartridge comprising an inlet for receiving said fluid and an outlet for discharging contaminants removed from the fluid, the filter cartridge comprising: a filter media comprising a porous material configured to block contaminants that are suspended in the fluid from passing through the filter media; a helical structure located within the filter media, the helical structure comprising:Attorney Docket No. 16105.0049-00304 a first opening and a second opening, wherein the first opening has a larger diameter than the second opening; at least one rib having an open core and configured as a continuous spiral from the first opening to at least the second opening; and at least one scraping element protruding from the at least one rib and configured to contact the filter media, wherein the helical structure and the filter media are in a rotational relationship that assist the helical structure in dislodging contaminants attached to the interior surface of the filter media when the helical structure and the filter media rotate relative to each other.

73. The machine of claim 72, wherein the helical structure is configured to rotate inside the filter media and dislodge contaminants attached to the interior surface of the filter media.

74. The machine of claim 73, further comprising a rotation mechanism connected to the helical structure, wherein the rotation mechanism is configured to rotate the helical structure inside the filter media.

75. The machine of claim 74, wherein the rotation mechanism drives the helical structure by rotating the outer circumference of the first opening.

76. The machine of claim 74, wherein the rotation mechanism includes a hollow shaft that allows the fluid and solid particles to flow therethrough.

77. The machine of claim 72, wherein the filter media is configured to rotate around the helical structure.

78. The machine of claim 72, wherein the integrated self-cleaning filtration device is configured to be user-accessible from an access panel located on the washing machine.

79. The machine of claim 78, wherein the access panel located on the front or top of the washing machine.Attorney Docket No. 16105.0049-0030480. The machine of claim 72, further comprising a collection unit configured to collect contaminants filtered from the fluid or dislodged from the filter media that exit through the second opening.81 . The machine of claim 80, wherein the collection unit is a removeable, accumulation chamber that is configured to be fastened to the filtration device via a fastening mechanism.

82. The machine of claim 80, wherein the collection unit is reusable and configured to be emptied and reattached to the filtration device.

83. The machine of claim 80, wherein the collection unit is disposable and replaceable.

84. The machine of claim 80, wherein the collection unit comprises a two-part consumable structure, comprising a first component that is reusable and a second component that is disposable.

85. The machine of claim 72, wherein the at least one scraping element comprises at least one tuft, a squeegee, or combinations thereof.

86. The machine of claim 85, wherein each of the at least one tuft comprises a group of bristles.

87. The machine of claim 72, the helical structure further comprising at least one structural feature configured to support or shape the at least one tuft to reduce wear or deformation.

88. The machine of claim 77, wherein the at least one structural feature includes support brackets that are configured to enhance flexibility, limit how much the at least one tuft can bend under load, or combinations thereof.Attorney Docket No. 16105.0049-0030489. The machine of claim 88, wherein the support brackets are configured to maintain at least one tuft at a desired angle against the filter media.

90. The machine of claim 88, wherein the support brackets are configured in a J, U, 0, or V.91 . The machine of claim 72, wherein the at least one scraping element comprises a combination of one or more tufts and at least one squeegee.

92. The machine of claim 72, wherein the at least one scraping element comprises a tuft made from polyamide, polypropylene, polyester, polyethylene, or combinations thereof.

93. The machine of claim 72, wherein the at least one scraping element is a squeegee made of a rubber selected from natural rubber, EPDM Rubber (Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer), polychloroprene, nitrile rubber, silicone rubber, polyurethane, or combinations thereof.

94. The machine of claim 72, wherein the at least one rib forms a flow path configured to guide particles scraped from the filter media along a flow path to the second opening.

95. The machine of claim 72, wherein the helical structure further comprises at least scraping element that is not located on the at least one rib.

96. The machine of claim 72, further comprising a sleeve in which the filter media sits, wherein the sleeve has at least one support and is configured to provide circumferential support to the filter media.

97. The machine of claim 96, wherein the sleeve has a first sleeve opening and a second sleeve opening, wherein the cross-sectional area of the first sleeve opening is greater than the cross-sectional area of the second sleeve opening, the sleeve further comprising a spline coupling feature at the top of the second sleeve opening.Attorney Docket No. 16105.0049-0030498. The machine of claim 97, wherein the filter media is integrated into the cartridge and the spline coupling feature at the top of the second sleeve opening is configured to interface the sleeve with the cartridge.

99. The machine of claim 72, further comprising a housing, wherein the filter media and helical structure is integrated into the housing and configured as singular modular unit that is removable from the housing.

100. The machine of claim 72, wherein the helical structure is configured to generate vortices in the received fluid entering the first opening.101 . The machine of claim 100, wherein the helical structure is configured such that filtered fluid exits the side of the filter media.

102. The machine of claim 101 , wherein filtered contaminants substantially exit the helical structure at the second opening.

103. The machine of claim 72, wherein the vortical cartridge has a raker reduction ratio in a range between about 1.0 and 10.0 including the end points.

104. The machine of claim 72, wherein the helical structure has a variable pitch.

105. The machine of claim 72, wherein the fluid is a liquid or a gas.

106. The machine of claim 72, which is a home appliance or an industrial system.

107. The machine of claim 106, wherein the home appliance comprises a washing machine, a refrigerator, a whole-house water filtration system, a boiler, or a hot water heater.

108. The machine of claim 107, wherein the fluid comprises a washing machine discharge fluid.Attorney Docket No. 16105.0049-00304109. The machine of claim 108, wherein the filtration device is configured to filter microplastics from the discharge fluid.

110. The machine of claim 109, wherein the filtration device is configured to filter at least 80% of said microplastics when post-filtered to 50 microns.

111. The machine of claim 109, wherein the filtration device is configured to filter at least 75% of said microplastics from the discharge fluid after the washing machine completes 4 or more loads of laundry.

112. The machine of claim 107, wherein the home appliance comprises a boiler, or a hot water heater, and the self-cleaning filtration device is configured as an inline filter or scale-prevention filtration device.

113. The machine of claim 106, wherein the industrial system is configured to filter water in the food and beverage industry, or in a pharmaceutical plant.

114. A method for filtering contaminants from a fluid comprising: flowing a fluid through a filtration device as described in any one of claims 1 -40.

115. A method for filtering contaminants from a fluid comprising: flowing a fluid through a modular filter cartridge as described in any one of claims 41 -71 .

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